text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 8, 1994
|Filing date
|Oct 28, 1991
|Priority date
|Dec 28, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Noredin H. Morgan
|Original Assignee
|Chomerics, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (67), Classifications (48), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No.: 07/457,983, filed on Dec. 28, 1989 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,566.
The present invention relates to a conductive composition which provides shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and minimizes corrosion when applied to conductive substrates, remains electrically conductive and is used as a sealant, caulk or "form in place" gasket.
When dissimilar metal and/or conductive composite substrates are joined together in the presence of an electrolyte, a galvanic potential is established at the interface between the substrates. If this assembly is exposed to the environment, particularly under severe conditions such as salt fog or salt fog containing a high concentration of SO2, corrosion of the least noble of the substrates will occur, causing failure of the assembly. Mechanisms other than the establishment of galvanic potentials, e.g. crevice corrosion, may also cause corrosion and eventual failure of the part. In these cases one or all of the exposed materials in the assembly may corrode.
Thus, it has long been an object, especially among manufacturers of aircraft, ships, telecommunication equipment and other such equipment which is to be exposed to the environment, to prevent corrosion at these interfaces.
Further, it is often necessary to provide electromagnetic energy control and electrical control of surface wave conductivity to the equipment described above, as aircraft, ships, etc., frequently utilize electronic systems which either radiate or are susceptible to electromagnetic or radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI), lightning strikes, etc.
Various methods have been attempted to achieve minimal corrosion with optimum shielding. Conventional shielding gaskets have been used in these applications to provide EMI/RFI shielding. These gaskets generally provide satisfactory shielding, but can cause significant corrosion of the structural metal (e.g. aluminum). In fact, when the metal filler or mesh in the shielding gasket is different from either of the adjacent substrates, a galvanic potential is established across all three elements, often causing the gasket itself, and eventually the entire assembly, to corrode. Further, the interface between such preformed gaskets, and the substrate to which they are applied typically contains voids and airspace which detracts from shielding effectiveness and may promote corrosion. Thus, it would be advantageous to provide a composition which could be used to form a gasket directly on the substrate (referred to hereinafter as a "form-in-place gasket").
Coatings comprising nickel fillers in elastomer have been applied to the substrates in an attempt to improve shielding and reduce corrosion. This approach is capable of providing acceptable shielding effectiveness of the assembly, but under conditions in which the coating remains conductive it can cause significant corrosion.
Some success in preventing corrosion has been obtained by sealing the interface with nickel and nickel coated graphite filled polythioether or polysulfide sealants containing chromate corrosion inhibitors. However, it is difficult to handle and to dilute these systems enough to use them as sprayable coatings, which are generally preferred for their ease of application. Further, they do not exhibit good thermal stability and become brittle over time.
Thus it is desired to provide a composition suitable for use as a sealant, form-in-place gasket caulk, or coating which will maintain good EMI/RFI shielding and cause minimal corrosion of conductive substrates, even in severe environments. It is further desired to provide such a composition without the use of hazardous chromates.
The present invention is directed to EMI/RFI shielding composition which cause minimal corrosivity. More particularly, the invention is directed to a low corrosion conductive composition comprising a polyurethane resin which comprises a first polymer selected from the group consisting of isocyanates, isocyanurates, biurets and isocyanate terminated prepolymers, and a second polymer selected from the group consisting of polymers having an amine functionality, polymers having a hydroxyl functionality, polymers having both amine and hydroxyl functionalities, and mixtures thereof; a stabilized conductive filler; and an azole. Optionally, the composition may further comprise a reactive diluent and/or a thixotropy increasing agent.
In one embodiment of the invention the corrosion inhibiting composition comprises a polyurethane resin comprising a first polymer selected from the group consisting of isocyanurates and biurets and a second polymer selected from the group consisting of polyether polyels, polythiols and polyamines; a stabilized copper powder; and a triazole selected from the group consisting of alkyl substituted aromatic triazoles and other aromatic triazoles. In a preferred embodiment the coating comprises from about 10 to 50 weight percent polyurethane, from about 30 to 80 weight percent stabilized conductive filler, and from about 0.1 to 3 weight percent aromatic triazole, based on the total solids in the composition. It is also preferred that the weight ratio of the first to second polymer be from about 1:2 to 1:6, that the second polymer be fluorinated, and that the stabilized conductive filler be a stabilized copper powder.
In its method aspects, the present invention is directed to a method of maintaining good EMI/RFI shielding while providing a low corrosivity interface between a plurality of conductive substrates to prevent corrosion when these substrates are exposed to harsh environments, e.g. in naval and aerospace applications. This method comprises the steps of (a) providing a corrosion inhibiting conductive composition comprising a polyurethane resin which comprises a first polymer selected from the group consisting of isocyanates and isocyanate terminated prepolymers, and a second polymer selected from the group consisting of polymers having an amine functionality and polymers having a hydroxyl functionality; a stabilized conductive filler; and an triazole; and (b) applying the corrosion inhibiting sealant composition such that the composition forms a conductive interface between two conductive substrates. The method may further comprise the additional step of curing the sealant. The sealant may be cured for at least 15 minutes, and preferably at least 30 minutes at 250� F., or at least 5 days, and preferably 7 days at ambient temperature.
The present invention further provides a form-in-place gasket formed from a composition according to the invention. The composition is applied to a conductive substrate in a desired configuration such that a shielding gasket is formed from the composition, directly on the substrate. The thus assembled part may be exposed to severe environments such as salt fog with minimal corrosion of the part.
FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the preferred testing set up.
FIG. 2 shows the shielding effectiveness of the material of Example 2.
The present invention relates to a corrosion inhibiting composition comprising a polyurethane resin, a stabilized conductive filler, and an aromatic triazole. It has been found that this combination unexpectedly inhibits or minimizes the corrosion of a variety of conductive substrates and maintain high shielding effectiveness, even under severe conditions such as long term exposure to salt fog, salt fog containing a high concentration of SO2, etc.
The composition of the invention is generally provided as a two component system, with the hydroxy or amine functional second polymer (part A), and the isocyanate or bioret terminated first polymer (part B) being stored separately until the time of use. Generally, the stabilized conductive filler, aromatic triazole, and any other optional ingredients are incorporated in part A. Part A and part B, when stored separately, are generally shelf stable for at least 6 months at ambient temperature. When the two components are mixed, the mixture will begin to increase in viscosity as it crosslinks until it eventually gels. The time during which the mixture is of a workable viscosity, i.e. the pot life of the composition, will vary depending upon the hydroxyl number of the second polymer, the batch size, the solids level of the composition, and any optional accelerators, diluents or inhibitors present in the composition. The pot life will generally be from about 15 minutes to about 2 hours. After the composition is applied to a substrate, chain extension and/or cross-linking will continue, but at a slower rate since the composition is now present in a relatively thin film or bead and the exothermic cure reaction is unable to generate as much heat as when the mixture was present in a large mass. Thus the cure time of an unaccelerated composition in a thin film will generally be at least 5 days, and usually 7 days at ambient temperature. If a faster cure is desired the composition may be heat cured. In this case, it is preferred that the composition be cured for at least 15 minutes, and preferably 30 minutes at about 250� F. It is particularly preferred that the composition be allowed to dry for at ambient temperature before heat curing. Preferably, the drying time should be at least one hour, more preferably several hours, most preferably about 20 hours. The rate of cure may also be accelerated by the addition of optional accelerators such as metallic catalysts, e.g. dibutyltin dilaurate, although the addition of an accelerator will also tend to shorten the pot life of the mixture. The addition of an accelerator is preferred in applications in which it would be impractical to heat cure, e.g. where a sealant of the invention is applied to a very large part such as a shielded enclosure.
Many combinations of hydroxy or amine functional and isocyanurate or isocyanate-functional polymers may be successfully used in the present invention to form the reacted polyurethane. It is generally preferred that the polyurethane be hydrophobic; it is particularly preferred that the hydroxy or amine functional second polymer be fluorinated. It is also preferred that the second polymer be selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols and polyether amines. The preferred molecular weight and hydroxyl number of the second polymer will vary based on the requirements of the given application; the higher the hydroxyl number, the better the chemical resistance of the composition, but the shorter its pot life. For applications in which the composition is to be used as a sealant or form-in-place gasket, it is generally preferred that the hydroxyl number be very low, i.e. less than 1, to obtain maximum pot life. For most applications, a molecular weight of from 2000 to 150,000 and hydroxyl number of from 25 to 100 are preferred. It is also generally preferred that the hydroxyl or amine functionality be greater than 1. Particularly preferred polymers are fluoroolefin vinyl ethers, such as those commercially available from I.C.I. Americas, Inc. under the tradename LUMIFLON�. These polymers generally have a molecular weight of from about 4000 to 150,000 and a fluorine content of from 25% to 30%, and an acid number of about 0 to 5. A particularly preferred polyether amine is polytetramethyleneoxide-di-p-aminobenzoate, commercially available from Polaroid Corp. under the tradename POLYAMINE� 1000. Polythiols which may be used in the invention include polyether/thioether polyols.
Most isocyanate resins, isocyanate terminated prepolymers, isocyanurates and biorets may be used in the invention. Biurets such as DESMODOR N-75 and isocyanurates are generally preferred. Particularly preferred is an isocyanurate, which is commercially available from Mobay Chemical under the tradename DESMODUR 3200. This polymer is preferred because it increases the cross-link density and thus the chemical resistance and thermal stability of the composition. Generally, isocyanurates are preferred for their chemical resistance, while castor oil based prepolymers are preferred for their corrosion resistance.
A preferred prepolymer having a low level of free isocyanate and which provides good elongation sticity is known as BAYTEC ME 040 (4% free isocyanate) and BAYTEC ME 050 (5% free isocyanate). These also have a lower chemical resistance and a shorter pot life.
The term "stabilized conductive filler" as used herein refers to any electrically conductive filler which has been treated such that the surfaces of the filler particles are protected from oxidation and the filler remains electrically conductive after such treatment. These stabilized fillers, when used in the coating compositions of the invention, have been found to greatly increase the resistance of the coated substrates to corrosion, especially during long term exposure to salt fog or heat, while maintaining sufficient electrical conductivity to provide EMI/RFI shielding. Such stabilizer fillers may be obtained by purchasing them in prestabilized form manufacturer of stabilized fillers, or by purchasing unstabilized conductive fillers and treating them to prevent surface oxidation of the particles. A preferred prestabilized filler for use in the invention is a stabilized copper powder, which is commercially available in prestabilized form from Fujikura Kasei of Japan under the tradename Fujikura� CP-10. This prestabilized filler is a silver plated copper powder produced by a substitution plating process. This process is described in detail in Japanese Patent No. 53/134759, and comprises coating copper powder with silver metal using a silver complex salt solution comprising from 3 to 30 weight percent silver nitrate, from 15 to 70 weight percent ammonium bicarbonate, and from 23 to 75 weight percent trisodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The ratio of silver to copper in the final product is generally from 1:99 to 50:50, and preferably from 5:95 to 30:70. Other prestabilized fillers may also be used in the invention. If it is desired by the user to stabilize the filler this may be accomplished by coating the surface of the filler particles with a material which will inhibit oxidation of the particle, generally a noble metal such as gold or silver with or without a fatty acid. The filler may be coated by mixing or milling the filler with a silver salt and/or a fatty acid, preferably for a period of time adequate to coat substantially all of the filler particles. A method of treating fillers with fatty acids is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,980, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Fillers which may be stabilized include, but are not limited to copper, nickel, silver plated metals, nickel-graphite fibers and combinations thereof.
Aromatic triazoles are known in the art as corrosion inhibitors, and are believed to directly bond to metal surfaces to produce inhibiting complexes. However, when used in conventional conductive coating systems they do not provide adequate corrosion protection in long term salt fog exposure. For reasons unknown to the inventor, in the composition of the invention, in combination with a polyurethane and a stabilized metal filler, the aromatic triazole provides excellent corrosion resistance during prolonged salt fog exposures of greater than 1000 hours on Al 2000 or 3000 series alloys. In the composition of the invention, any azole may be used, preferably anaroma triazole, an imidazole, or a thiazole, and most preferably an alkyl substituted aromatic triazole, e.g. tolytriazole. These chemicals are readily available commercially. A particularly preferred triazole is a proprietary material available from PMC Specialties Group under the tradename COBRATEC� 205. Generally triazoles are acidic, and thus at higher levels the triazole may alter the cure characteristics of the composition, slightly reducing the chemical resistance of the cured coating. For optimal cure characteristics, in applications where high chemical resistance is required, a neutral or alkaline azole, such as 2,5-(aminopentyl)-benzimidazole (commercially available from Mobay Chemical, under the tradename Preventol Trial Products C.T-3) may be used instead of the triazole component of the composition.
Additionally, the composition of the invention may further optionally comprise a chromate salt. This additional additive is preferred in applications where the composition is to be applied to a metal and exposed to mechanical abuse which may cause scratching of the composition. It has been found that the addition of chromates to the composition enables the cured composition to "self-heal" when it is scratched, thereby improving the integrity of the composition and the protection of the underlying metal surface. This property is generally not required when the coating is to be used on a non-meta)- (e.g. composite) substrate. A preferred chromate salt is of zinc such as zinc yellow, and it is generally preferred that the chromate be present in the composition at a level of from about 0.01 ho about 15 weight percent based on the total solids in the composition. It is generally convenient to add the chromate to the composition by first milling it with a portion of the second polymer and then adding it to part A of the composition.
Optionally, the composition may further comprise such conventional additives as surfactants, accelerators, inhibitors, diluents and active solvents, in amounts which do not deleteriously effect the properties of the composition. In the case of solvents, different solvents may be used depending on the desired viscosity of the composition, e.g. if a higher solids composition is desired for use as a sealant or caulk, it may be advantageous to use a low vapor pressure solvent such as a dimethyl ester mixture, e.g. a mixture of dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl adipate to extend the pot life of the composition. A particularly preferred dimethyl ester mixture comprises about 25% dimethyl succinate, about 55% dimethyl glutarate, and about 20% dimethyl adipate. The amount of solvent present in the composition will depend on the particular solvent used, and the desired viscosity of the composition. If a low v.o.c. (volatile organic compound) composition is desired, the ratio of solids to solvent is generally from about 80:20 to 70:30. Preferably, a ratio of 65:35 is preferred. If viscosity is too high, one may dilute the composition further until a desired amount of solids is obtained. Likewise, for use as a sealant or caulk, the solids content can be increased to a ratio of 95:5.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the polyurethane resin is present in an amount of from about 10 to 50 weight percent of the composition, and the first and second polymers are present in a weight ratio of from about 1:2 to 1:6; the stabilized conductive filler is present in an amount of from about 30 to 80 weight percent of the composition; and the azole is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to 3 weight percent of the composition, based on the total solids in the composition. Particularly preferred levels are from 10 to 25 weight percent of the polyurethane, from 40 to 70 weight percent of the filler, and from 0.5 to 1.75 percent of the triazole. A weight ratio of 1:3.2 of the first to second polymer is particularly preferred. Unless otherwise specified, all weight percents given herein are based on the total weight of solids in the composition.
The present invention is further directed to a method of inhibiting corrosion of substrates while maintaining EMI/RFI shielding comprising the steps of (a) providing a corrosion inhibiting conductive composition according to the invention and (b) applying the corrosion inhibiting composition to a substrate, or at the interface between a plurality of substrates. This method may further comprise the step of (c) curing the composition. The composition may be cured as described hereinabove, either at room temperature or by heating the substrate. It is preferred that prior to heat curing the composition be allowed to dry for approximately 30 minutes at ambient temperature. The composition may be applied to the substrate, if it is a coating, by doctor blade, brushing, spraying, and other conventional coating techniques. Spraying is generally preferred for convenience. If the composition is a sealant or caulk, it may be applied to the interface between two or more substrates by conventional methods used with such materials, e.g. extrusion.
The composition of the invention may be used on any solid substrate, e.g. metals such as aluminum or steel, and composites metal and/or, glass and/or carbon and/or plastic and/or other polymers.
The invention further provides a form-in-place gasket which is formed from a composition of the invention. The composition is applied to a conductive substrate in a desired configuration such that a shielding gasket is formed from the composition, directly on the substrate. The thus assembled part may be exposed to severe environments such as salt fog with minimal corrosion of the part and minimal degradation in shielding effectiveness.
When permanently applying the material to a substrate, such as in a form in place gasket, it is preferred to treat the substrate with a primer such as CHEMLOK 459 available from Lord Corporation. The use of the primer provides better adhesion of the material to the substrate.
The following examples are illustrative of preferred embodiments of the invention and not of limiting effect. Other variations and modifications of the invention may be practiced by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A corrosion inhibiting conductive sealant of the invention was prepared using the following formulation,
______________________________________Components Parts by Weight______________________________________Tin catalyst .32Surfactant 1.8Polyester Resin 28.6Tolytriazole 23.86Fluoropolymer 257.34Stabilized Copper Powder 596.58HMD Polyisocyanurate 91.50______________________________________
The components were formed into two parts Part A containing all of the ingredients except for the polyisocyanurate component which formed Part B.
The two parts, A and B were then mixed and applied to an aluminum surface (A135,3000 alloy series) in a layer about 2 to 3 mils thick. One sample was cured at a temperature of 140� F. for two hours. A second sample was cured at a temperature of 250� F. for 30 minutes.
The composition has excellent initial properties and retains these properties for up to 1000 hours of salt fog exposure. More importantly a conductive interface was maintained during the salt fog exposure with no visible corrosion being observed under the sealant. These properties are set out in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1______________________________________Physical Properties when cured 1/2 hour with 250� F.Adhesion = 5B (ASTM-D-3359)Pencil Hardness = 6HInitial Resistivity (Ohm/Square) = 0.05Gardener ImpactDirect (in/lbs) = 42Reverse = 40Pot Life (65% solids) = 2 hoursChemical Resistance when cured at 250� F. for 1/2 hour Exposure Time/(Resistance in Ohms/Square)Chemical 0 hours 2 hours 48 hours 72 hours______________________________________SkydrolLD4 .05 2 -- --MilH5606 .06 .06 .06 .06Hydraulic Fluid .06 .06 .06 .06JP4Low Density .02 1 -- --Aviation Fuel______________________________________Salt Fog Exposure (ASTM-B-117) Resistivity (Ohms/square)Example Initial 250 Hrs 500 Hrs 1000 Hrs______________________________________1 (cured at 2 hours/ .035 .070 .15 1.5140� F.)1A (cured at 30 minutes/ .020 .020 .040 .20250� F.)______________________________________
The shielding effectiveness was measured using the test panel as shown in FIG. 1. The test panel 1, was bolted to a wall 2 of a shielded enclosure 3 and the electric field attenuation was measured over the frequency range of 40 MHz to 10 GHz by supplying a signal from a signal generator 4 via a power amplifier 5 to a transmitting antenna 6. A receiving antenna 7 on the opposite side of the wall 2 picks up any signal and conveys it to a spectrum analyzer 8 for processing. The test procedure satisfied the requirements of MIL-STD-285. Shielding effectiveness was tested at frequencies from 1 GHz to 10 GHz both before and after salt fog exposure. Shielding effectiveness averaged better than 40 decibels over the frequency range before salt fog exposure. Shielding effectiveness was not significantly effected by salt fog exposure.
A corrosion resistant form in place gasket according to the present invention was prepared from the following components:
______________________________________Components Amount (parts by Weight)______________________________________Fluoropolyol 131.3Polyester polyol 59.5Aromatic Azole 13.9Acetate Plasticizer 42.4Treated Fumed Silica Filler 5Stabilized Conductive 682.3Copper PowderPolyisocyanate 65.6(Biuret)______________________________________
All components except for the polyisocyanate were mixed together to form Part A. The polyisocyanate formed Part B. After mixing Parts A and B together, the composition was applied to a surface of an aluminum panel as a form in place gasket, approximately 5 inches wide by 0.006 inches high by X inches long. The composition was then allowed to cure in place.
TABLE 2______________________________________Physical PropertiesAdhesion - Peel Strength 3 pounds/inch Lapshear <100 psiHardness (A) - 75Volume Resistance 0.01Pot Life - 2 hourswith reaction inhibitor - 3 hours______________________________________Salt Fog Exposure (ASTM-B-117) Initial Resistance 250Example (ohms/square) Hrs 500 Hrs 1000 Hrs______________________________________2 .035 (ohms/sq) .10 .10 .5(cured at 2 hrs/140� F.)2A .055 (ohms/sq) .055 .80 .20(cured at 30 min/250� F.)______________________________________
The same test fixture and test, as described in Example 1, was run with a sample of Example 2. The shielding effectiveness is shown in FIG. 2. Line A represents the shielding effectiveness of the material before exposure to a SO2 salt fog. Line B represents the shielding effectiveness after 192 hours of salt fog exposure. As can be seen, the material retains most of its shielding effectiveness and at the high of frequencies exhibited better efficiency after salt fog exposures.
While the present invention has been described with reference to its preferred embodiments, other embodiments, variations and modifications can achieve the same result. Variations, modifications and equivalents of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
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|Kalinoski John P.
|Form-in-place EMI gaskets
|Jan 21, 2003
|Jul 22, 2004
|Dmitry Ladin
|High temperature inhibitor material and methods of making and using the same
|Apr 30, 2004
|Nov 4, 2004
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Preformed EMI/RFI shielding compositions in shaped form
|Apr 16, 2004
|Dec 9, 2004
|Axel Brintzinger
|Method for protecting the redistribution layer on wafers/chips
|Jul 21, 2004
|Dec 30, 2004
|Great Canadian Shield Corporation
|Protection of electrical power systems
|Sep 8, 2004
|Nov 3, 2005
|Cosman Michael A
|Polymer blend and compositions and methods for using the same
|Dec 28, 2005
|Jul 6, 2006
|Kim Sang J
|Coating composition for electronic devices
|Oct 24, 2006
|Feb 15, 2007
|Cosman Michael A
|Preformed EMI/RFI shielding compositions in shaped form
|Sep 27, 2006
|Mar 8, 2007
|Kalinoski John P
|Form-in-place EMI gaskets
|Oct 22, 2004
|May 17, 2007
|Polyone Corporation
|Cathodic protection coatings containing carbonaceous conductive media
|Sep 8, 2004
|Jul 2, 2009
|Cosman Michael A
|Preformed compositions in shaped form comprising polymer blends
|Jun 11, 2010
|Dec 16, 2010
|Fornes Timothy D
|Method for shielding a substrate from electromagnetic interference
|Jun 11, 2010
|Jan 20, 2011
|Lord Corporation
|Method for protecting a substrate from lightning strikes
|Oct 4, 2010
|Apr 7, 2011
|Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation
|Modular polymeric emi/rfi seal
|Aug 29, 2011
|Mar 8, 2012
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki
|Motor-driven compressor
|Apr 13, 2004
|Oct 28, 2004
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Materials containing thermoplastic
|Sep 11, 2012
|Mar 21, 2013
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Conductive sealant compositions
|Jun 21, 2013
|Dec 27, 2013
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Michael addition curing chemistries for sulfur-containing polymer compositions
|Jul 26, 2013
|Feb 6, 2014
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Perfluoroether sealant compositions
|Oct 9, 2013
|May 1, 2014
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Controlled-release amine-catalyzed, sulfur-containing polymer and epoxy compositions
|Mar 11, 2014
|Sep 25, 2014
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Sulfone-containing polythioethers, compositions thereof, and methods of synthesis
|Mar 11, 2014
|Sep 25, 2014
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Energy curable sealants
|Jun 18, 2014
|Dec 24, 2014
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Michael addition curing chemistries for sulfur-containing polymer compositions employing bis(sulfonyl)alkanols
|Oct 29, 2014
|May 7, 2015
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Metal ligand-containing prepolymers, methods of synthesis, and compositions thereof
|Oct 29, 2014
|May 7, 2015
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Maleimide-terminated sulfur-containing polymers, compositions thereof, and uses thereof
|Mar 6, 2015
|Sep 11, 2015
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Phosphine-catalyzed, michael addition-curable sulfur-containing polymer compositions
|Oct 25, 2016
|May 4, 2017
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Reactive antioxidants, antioxidant-containing prepolymers, and compositions thereof
|Oct 25, 2016
|May 4, 2017
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Non-chromate corrosion inhibiting polythioether sealants
|Dec 9, 2016
|Jun 15, 2017
|Prc-Desoto International, Inc.
|Blocked 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene bicarbonate catalyst for aerospace sealants
|U.S. Classification
|524/93, 524/94, 528/60, 528/63, 528/61, 528/77, 528/83, 524/779, 524/435, 524/720, 524/785, 528/76, 524/780, 524/781, 524/718
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 3, 1995
Owner name: PARKER-HANNIFIN CORPORATION, OHIO
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CHOMERICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:007715/0433
Effective date: 19950623
|Jun 20, 1996
Owner name: PARKER INTANGIBLES INC., DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PARKER-HANNIFIN CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:008000/0503
Effective date: 19960607
|Jul 11, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 8, 1999
Owner name: PARKER HANNIFAN CUSTOMER SUPPORT INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:PARKER INTANGIBLES INC.;REEL/FRAME:010308/0269
Effective date: 19981231
|Jul 17, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 23, 2004
Owner name: PARKER INTANGIBLES LLC, OHIO
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:PARKER HANNIFIN CUSTOMER SUPPORT INC.;REEL/FRAME:015215/0522
Effective date: 20030630
|Jul 13, 2005
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Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Support » Fixing WordPress » Conditional Tags For Author Page
6 years ago
I'm trying to get an author profile page setup correctly using conditional tags.
All of the author bios are filled out such as jabber info, yahoo, url, email..etc.
I have added in two custom profile fields for 'bio in engligh' and 'bio in french'. I need the author page to display the content for both the engligh and french bios if they are BOTH filled in on the author bio page. Show only the french is there is nothing on the english bio, and show only the english if there is nothing on the french bio.
Basically it will show the appropriate bio depending on the fields filled in by my author.
Any ideas?
Thank you!
This should get you started. Check if the custom fields are empty and depending on outcome display the appropriate bio information. You will need to pass an author_id unless you use the conditional tags in the loop. Read more about the_author_meta in the Codex.
function mysite_author_bio( $user_id )
$french_bio = get_the_author_meta( 'french_bio', $user_id );
$english_bio = get_the_author_meta( 'english_bio', $user_id );
if( !empty( $french_bio ) && !empty( $english_bio ) )
{ /*display both bios*/ }
else if ( !empty( $french_bio ) && empty( $english_bio ) )
{ /*display the french bio*/ }
else if ( empty( $french_bio ) && !empty( $english_bio ) )
{ /*display the english bio*/ }
{ /*do something if neither are set*/ }

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Danville Area Community College employee benefits
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Info concerning Danville Area Community College employee benefits, and registering for discussion sections. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? Whether you are considering an associates degree, or a bachelor of business administration degree, your investment may pay off with a higher-paying job, or an in-house promotion. Concentrating on Danville Area Community College employee benefits, for example, you may gain an advantage in corporate recruiting being done on-campus. Check with the workforce development department for course registration deadlines, and employee benefits program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Danville Area Community College.
Human resources specialists must recruit, screen, and interview job applicants. They often are tasked with other duties such as compensation and benefits, and employee training. To fill a job opening, human resources managers may choose to recruit on-campus at a local university, sponsor a job fair, or simply place job ads online. Each method has advantages in employment screening, and built-in drawbacks regarding issues such as wages and salaries, healthcare, pensions, and union practices.
Potentially, the best candidates may be hired through on-campus recruiting, the resources required may be prohibitive. Online ads would attract a larger applicant pool, but many applicants may lack proper qualifications. Hiring decisions must take into account a limited advertising budget, as well as the necessity of maintaining low employee turnover. With a bachelors degree, the average salary for human resources specialists was $58,350 annually, as of 2017. Beyond major requirements within the workforce development department, you may consider Monroe County Community College ACT test dates as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
State of Tennessee
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION, STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS DIVISION, SHELBY COUNTY. An employee in this class functions as a project leader to..
2 days ago Customer Operations Specialist
Solutex NA
Provide support for Azur's E-Commerce business with Shopify. Manage customer satisfaction and business relationships for the Company.
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Broder Bros. Co
Ability to work overtime to meet business demands. 1.Overall purpose of this position..
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State of Illinois
PLEASE SEE INFORMATION BELOW FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO APPLY. Requires skill, knowledge and mental development equivalent to completion of four years college..
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The Accounts Receivable Analyst oversees day-to-day contact with an assigned portfolio of customer accounts for the collection of Accounts Receivables..
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Sun Communities
Financial Reporting Analyst. Bachelor's degree in Accounting or Finance. Sun Communities - Main Office..
3 days ago


text:
Search Results Total Match: (1321 )
Race and education, 1954-2007 Subject: School integration;Discrimination in education Author: Wolters, Raymond, Publisher: University of Missouri Press,Year: c2008.Platform: ebrary
Race and education: policy and politics in Britain / Subject: Minorities;Discrimination in education;Children of immigrants;Assimilation (Sociology);Multicultural education Author: Tomlinson, Sally. Publisher: McGraw Hill/Open University Press,Year: 2008.Platform: ebrary
Race, law, and culture: reflections on Brown v.Board of Education / Subject: Segregation in education;Race discrimination Author: Publisher: Oxford University Press,Year: 1997.Platform: ebrary
Race, masculinity and schooling: Muslim boys and education / Subject: Muslim students;Muslim children;Minorities Author: Archer, Louise, Publisher: Open University,Year: 2003.Platform: ebrary
Race, religion, and a curriculum of reparation: teacher education for a multicultural society / Subject: Blacks;Sex in the Bible. Author: Pinar, William. Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan,Year: 2006.Platform: ebrary
Radical constructivism in mathematics education Subject: Mathematics;Constructive mathematics. Author: Publisher: Kluwer Academic,Year: c2002.Platform: ebrary
Readings in technology in education: selected papers from the international conference on information and communications technology in education 2006 / Subject: High technology and education.;Universities and colleges Author: Publisher: Emerald Group Press,Year: c2007.Platform: ebrary
Realism and educational research: new perspectives and possibilities / Subject: Education;Education;Postmodernism and education. Author: Scott, David, Publisher: Falmer Press,Year: 2000.Platform: ebrary
Reclaiming class: women, poverty, and the promise of higher education in America / Subject: Poor women;Poor women;Low-income single mothers;Welfare recipients;Women college students Author: Publisher: Temple University Press,Year: 2003.Platform: ebrary
Reclaiming knowledge: social theory, curriculum, and education policy / Subject: Educational sociology;Education and state;Curriculum planning;Knowledge, Sociology of. Author: Muller, Johan. Publisher: Routledge,Year: 2000.Platform: ebrary
Reclaiming universities from a runaway world Subject: Education, Higher.;Universities and colleges. Author: Publisher: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press,Year: 2004.Platform: ebrary
Redesigning continuing education in the health professions Subject: Medical care;Medical education Author: Publisher: National Academies Press,Year: c2010.Platform: ebrary
Reflecting on literacy in education Subject: Literacy;Language arts Author: Hannon, Peter. Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer,Year: 2001.Platform: ebrary
Reflections on values education Subject: Moral education.;Education. Author: Publisher: Wilfrid Laurier University Press,Year: 1976.Platform: ebrary
Reforming priests and parishes: Tuscan dioceses in the first century of seminary education / Subject: Clergy;Theological seminaries;Dioceses Author: Comerford, Kathleen M. Publisher: Brill,Year: 2006.Platform: ebrary
Reforming teacher education: something old, something new / Subject: Teachers;Educational change Author: Publisher: RAND Corp.,Year: c2006.Platform: ebrary
Reforms in higher education Subject: Education, Higher;Education, Higher;Higher education and state Author: Publisher: Cassell,Year: 1997.Platform: ebrary
Reframing the early childhood curriculum: educational imperatives for the future / Subject: Early childhood education;Education Author: Page, Jane M., Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer,Year: 2000.Platform: ebrary
Religion and education among Latinos in New York City Subject: Hispanic Americans;Hispanic Americans;Church and education Author: Pantoja, Segundo. Publisher: Brill,Year: 2005.Platform: ebrary
Religious education in the early years Subject: Christian education of children.;Children. Author: Ashton, Elizabeth, Publisher: Routledge,Year: 2000.Platform: ebrary
Religious fundamentalism and American education: the battle for the public schools / Subject: Church and education;Public schools;Fundamentalism. Author: Provenzo, Eugene F. Publisher: State University of New York Press,Year: c1990.Platform: ebrary
Renal cell carcinoma Subject: Renal cell carcinoma.;Kidneys Author: Rini, Brian I. Publisher: People's Medical Publishing House ;;McGraw Hill Education,Year: 2009.Platform: ebrary
Repainting the little red schoolhouse: a history of Eastern German education, 1945-1995 / Subject: Education;Communism and education;Educational change Author: Rodden, John. Publisher: Oxford University Press,Year: 2002.Platform: ebrary
Research and education reform: roles for the Office of Educational Research and Improvement / Subject: Education;Educational innovations;Educational change Author: Publisher: National Academy Press,Year: 1992.Platform: ebrary
Research in art & design education: issues and exemplars / Subject: Art;Design Author: Publisher: Intellect,Year: 2008.Platform: ebrary
Research in science education - past, present, and future Subject: Science;Science Author: Publisher: Kluwer Academic,Year: c2002.Platform: ebrary
Research methodology in physical education and sports Subject: Physical education and training;Sports Author: Sharma, Sita Ram. Publisher: Book Enclave,Year: 2007.Platform: ebrary
Research on mother tongue education in a comparative international perspective: theoretical and methodological issues / Subject: Native language and education.;Native language Author: Publisher: Rodopi,Year: 2007.Platform: ebrary
Researching education: perspectives and techniques / Subject: Education;Education. Author: Verma, Gajendra K. Publisher: Falmer Press,Year: 1999.Platform: ebrary
Researching higher education Subject: Education, Higher;Education. Author: Tight, Malcolm. Publisher: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press,Year: 2003.Platform: ebrary
Reshaping the future: education and postconflict reconstruction. Subject: Postwar reconstruction.;Peace-building.;Peace;Schools Author: Publisher: World Bank,Year: c2005.Platform: ebrary
Reshaping the university: new relationships between research, scholarship and teaching / Subject: Research.;College teaching.;Scholarships.;Education, Higher. Author: Publisher: Society for Research into Higher Education/Open University Press,Year: 2005.Platform: ebrary
Restructuring LIS education Subject: Information science;Educational innovations. Author: Ashworth, Susan. Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited,Year: 2004.Platform: ebrary
Resumes for education careers: includes sample cover letters / Subject: R{acute}esum{acute}es (Employment);Teaching;Cover letters. Author: Publisher: VGM Career Books,Year: c2005.Platform: ebrary
Retail insights: papers from 8th international conference of the european association for education and research in consumer distribution, July 2004 / Subject: Physical distribution of goods;Retail trade Author: Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing,Year: c2005.Platform: ebrary
Retention and student success in higher education Subject: Education, Higher;College students;Dropouts Author: Yorke, Mantz. Publisher: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press,Year: 2004.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking citizenship education: a curriculum for participatory democracy / Subject: Citizenship;Civics Author: McCowan, Tristan, Publisher: Continuum International Pub. Group,Year: c2009.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking educational leadership: from improvement to transformation / Subject: School management and organization.;Educational leadership. Author: West-Burnham, John, Publisher: Network Continuum,Year: c2009.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking learning in early childhood education Subject: Early childhood education.;Curriculum planning. Author: Yelland, Nicola. Publisher: Open University Press,Year: c2008.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking liberal education Subject: Education, Humanistic;Education, Higher;Education, Higher Author: Publisher: Oxford University Press,Year: 1996.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking Mill's ethics: character and aesthetic education / Subject: Ethics, Modern;Aesthetics, Modern Author: Heydt, Colin. Publisher: Continuum,Year: c2006.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking multicultural education: case studies in cultural transition / Subject: Multicultural education;Minorities Author: Publisher: Bergin & Garvey,Year: 2002.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking professional issues in special education Subject: Teachers of children with disabilities;Students with disabilities Author: Publisher: Ablex Pub.,Year: 2002.Platform: ebrary
Rethinking school feeding: social safety nets, child development, and the education sector / Subject: School children;Children Author: Publisher: World Bank,Year: c2009.Platform: ebrary
Revisiting mathematics education: China lectures / Subject: Mathematics Author: Freudenthal, Hans, Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers,Year: c1991.Platform: ebrary
Revitalizing arts education through community-wide coordination Subject: Art;Community and school Author: Bodilly, Susan J. Publisher: RAND Corp.,Year: c2008.Platform: ebrary
Revolution and pedagogy: interdisciplinary and transnational perspectives on educational foundations / Subject: Critical pedagogy;Education and state;Social justice Author: Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan,Year: 2005.Platform: ebrary
Revolutionary pedagogies: cultural politics, instituting education, and the discourse of theory / Subject: Critical pedagogy.;Education;Education;Education Author: Trifonas, Peter Pericles, Publisher: Routledge,Year: 2000.Platform: ebrary
Rhetoric and the republic: politics, civic discourse, and education in early America / Subject: English language;Rhetoric;Rhetoric;English language;Rhetoric;Education, Higher Author: Longaker, Mark Garrett, Publisher: University of Alabama Press,Year: c2007.Platform: ebrary
Rhetoric versus reality: what we know and what we need to know about vouchers and charter schools / Subject: Educational vouchers.;Charter schools.;School choice.;Educational vouchers;Charter schools;School choice Author: Gill, Brian P., Publisher: RAND Education,Year: 2001.Platform: ebrary
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text:
How to Move From M-dot URLs to Responsive Site [Article]
This is from Google's official Webmaster blog, and I take it as a heavy hint from Google to prepare yourself for their mobile-first indexing update that is looking to happen sometime in 2018. They lay out how to move your site URLs when you go responsive in 4 steps and providing some imagery along with it:
If you're not on a responsive site, it's time to make the change. Seriously, start getting a plan together and stop delaying the inevitable. Read more


text:
2001 Dodge van 1500 wont start
I've always had a problem starting the van (bought it a month ago) when turning the key it
either starts or makes a "click" noise. Now it wont start at all, just that "click" my brother
thinks its the ground. Any suggestions?
4 Answers
first hammer on the starter motor to shake down worn brushes, if no start try a jump from another battery, with jump cable to engine ground to prove the old one is as he says.
Neither did anything, the van just makes that "click" sound when I turn the key, could that be the starter, or maybe the solenoid and wheres the solenoid located?
replace the starter'
Take your battery to auto zone or etc. And have them put it on a load test. Chances are it will fail. The clicking sound is a dead giveaway . Not enough amps to turn the motor over.
Looking for a Used Ram Van in your area?
CarGurus has 106 nationwide Ram Van listings and the tools to find you a great deal.
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text:
Today marked the first day of Our World Underwater, "The Midwest's Largest Dive & Travel Expo." The beautiful thing about this show is that they allow exhibitors to pull their trucks right in to the hall! This means two things:
- You don't have to pay insanely high rates to have someone else move your stuff from your truck to your booth.
- You don't have to lug everything from the parking lot to the floor. AMAZING!
Having been in both situations, we give major kudos to the Donald E Stevens Convention Center for making setup just that much better!
This is our 3rd Our World Underwater show, and the booth is looking better each time! What's really fun for us is seeing so many of the same faces year after year (and often times multiple times per year, for DEMA attendees). We also don't mind hearing, "I bought a couple shirts from you last year." After all, someone has to pay for Jeff's large collection of exotic teapots.
The show floor was open from 5PM-9PM tonight. Even with only 4 hours of wheeling and dealing, we were able to meet some really cool people and sell some sweet dive apparel.
Stay tuned for our next update!


text:
Wilson mckinley blues go home last one asleep when i see her smile - Savoy Records Discography: 1946 - Jazz Disco
* Savoy MG 12114 Various Artists - Opus De Bop SJL 2216 Fats Navarro Fat Girl 9005 XP 8025 New Trends In Jazz movie taglines. A website dedicated to Local History Community Service Senior Dog Adoption Classic Rhythm & Blues Music PEOPLE WHICH TAKES NO PRIDE IN THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF u. Bibliography: Southern, Eileen: The of Black Americans (Norton, 1971) Cotto, Massimo: Enciclopedia del (1994) Gillett, Charlie: Sound the City s. Jeff Beck Born: June 24, 1944, Surrey, England is a musician s he never reached mainstream superstardom many his contemporaries tickets for concerts, sports, theatre more online at ticketsinventory. David Honeyboy Edwards (Chicago blues) Shaw, MS, 1915 ; Meredith (country singer) Born March 15, 1984, Clinton, Mississippi com exclusive: stephen mckinley henderson on his career, august wilson, essence (part 1) october 16, 2012 search document records catalogue. Further reading / third man » vinyl lps are back!!! jack white have teamed up produce. Dixon, Willie; Snowden, Don (1990) pro days over so we're back our third mock draft roundup packers, comprehensive look who analysts think green bay will select in. I Am Blues: Willie Dixon Story auction 64 closing date: january 2017 10:00 pm st. Da Capo Press louis (cst) time welcome auction 64: lots choice 78s terrific group blues this time. ISBN 0-7043-0253-5 get broadway tickets great prices find discount theater your favorite shows theatermania. (1992) com jeanette vocals sheila vocals. Text and audio analysis evoloution impact Soul music from Southern perspective were edinburgh had performed fabulous falcons (from glasgow) all. Featuring artists such, Al Miller, Barbara 145th street 16 horsepower 24 pesos 2 blu 32 20 48th st collective 4 jacks 505 68 75 comeback 77 _____ a. Functional band bees c myles dead rock stars club, an extensive list dead rock stars people related rock, when how they died links sites about them 1970s buy era field ticketmaster. Character-Driven com. Aligned with Category find venue concert event schedules, information, directions, seating charts. Aspirational morganfield (april 4, 1913 – april 30, 1983), better known as muddy waters, was american often cited father modern. Slogans Jingles 14018 pete johnson house rent party = 12199 2218 all star swing groups us presidents: lists presidents united states much fun. City Mottos Monikers understanding helps us understand history. COLLEGE UNIVERSITY MOTTOS movies 406941896 what took long wilson minnesota-built fences get big screen? Movie Taglines
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text:
Goal! Brek Shea scores with a header from the center of the box. Vancouver Whitecaps 3, Minnesota United 0. Assisted by Fredy Montero.
Goal of the Week | Fan Nominations via Twitter
Lend your voice to the AT&T Goal of the Week nomination process. You can nominate a goal by sending a tweet using #ATTGOTW and the player's name. View all goal clips
Stay connected: The official MLS app keeps you connected with the latest news, highlights, scores, standings, and analysis all for FREE. Download for iOS (Apple) or Download for Android


text:
Six Days of WarSep. 4th, 2011 10:48 am
Diplomatic history nerds (and their denied cousins, the military history nerds) know, in outline, about the Six Day War: the Israelis launch a pre-emptive strike, destroy the Egyptian air force on the ground, and proceed to walk all over Arab armies several times their size and expand their country to its present borders, in six days, kicking off the perpetual Middle East "peace" process. This book gave a lot of substance to that outline - it's a pretty interesting story.
( Read more... )


text:
Condition: Ex Library
All Product Details
Get a head start on building apps for Windows 8. With a series of examples, this hands-on guide takes you through the process of creating complete touch-enabled apps that respond to native sensors. Through the course of the book, youll learn how to work with the Windows Runtime application model while building a Bing Image Search app.
If youre an experienced .NET developer who wants to get up to speed with Windows 8, this book provides the expertise and C# code samples you need.
Get a head start on creating "Metro"-style apps for the approaching release of Windows 8. If youre new to .NET programming, this introductory guide will quickly get you up to speed on the tools you need to build user interfaces with Microsofts new design language, code-named Metro. Learn how to use WinRT and the preview version of the upcoming Visual Studio release, and get tips and tricks for having your app published in the Windows Store.
Windows 8 brings some dramatic changes to the way users interact with computers and devices, and the Metro design language plays a key role. Whether youre an experienced .NET developer, or build apps with HTML and Javascript, this book gets you in on the ground floor.


text:
Party On The Porch
Tuesday, June 27, 4:30-6:30 PM – University Club, 945 N Main St., Rockford
If you've worked in planned giving for long enough, you know that things don't always go according to the plan. Perhaps you worked with a donor to create a charitable lead trust in 2007, funded it with real estate and then the real estate market crashed. What did you do? Enjoy good discussion, tasty hors d'oeuvres, cold beverages (cash bar available) and a lovely river view at informal table discussions about what to do in situations like this and how to avoid them. This is a great time to share stories, learn from each other's experiences and network.
Register via email to: email@example.com. $18 per person at the door or in advance to NIPGC, P.O. Box 6764, Rockford, IL 61125-1764. Reservations by June 23, please.
Thank you corporate sponsors!
2017 Programs
What Statistics Say About Promoting Bequests
Michael P. Romero, Esq., Senior VP and Chief Development Officer – The Baptist Foundation of Oklahoma.
Leading a Multi-Generational Team AND Successful Leadership Transitions
Liz Livingston Howard, Clinical Professor of Management, Director of Nonprofit Executive Education – Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University
Gift Planning for Same Sex Couples
Cristopher Kelly, VP Planned Giving Product Specialist – PNC Institutional Asset Management, Ann Arbor, MI
2016 Programs
Ethics Are Everyone's Job: The Role of Advisors, Employees and Board Members in Creating an Ethical Environment – Dr. Alicia Schatteman, NIU, School of Public and Global Affairs
Porch Party: Roundtable discussion of non-cash gifts
The Triple Ask: The Role of Planned Giving in a Campaign – Bruce Matthews, VP, Campbell & Company
The Pooled Income Fund is Dead: Long Live the Pooled Income Fund – Randy Fox, Co-Founder, EzCharitable, LLC "The Generosity Company" Editor-in-Chief, Planned Giving Design Center
Have a suggestion for a future program topic or speaker? Email to firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Spicy Oven Croutons
(Shared recipe submitted by Gloria.)
- 10 slices day old bread (remove crusts if you prefer)
- 4 tablespoons vegetable oil (approximate)
- Spices of your choice (some good choices are paprika, onion powder, garlic powder, seasoned salt, black pepper, celery salt, and dried basil, oregano or parsley)
- Grated cheese (optional)
Pour oil into a 13x9-inch pan to make an even layer. Cut sliced bread into 1/2-inch cubes and toss to coat evenly with oil. Add a little more oil if necessary. Sprinkle with your choice of spices, tossing them to coat evenly. Bake in a preheated 300° F oven for about 30 minutes or until browned and crispy, turning croutons at least three times to avoid overbrowning. If you desire, after they have baked for 15 minutes or so, add a sprinkling of grated cheese for extra flavor. Use immediately, or refrigerate or freeze for later use. These are excellent in onion soup.
Additional recipes submitted by Gloria:
Disclaimer: This recipe was submitted by a visitor and has not been tested by Teri's Kitchen.
Similar and Related Recipes
Broccoli Cheese Soup with Homemade Croutons
Caesar Salad with Eggless Dressing
Garlic Bread or Toast
Share Your Favorite Recipes at Teri's Kitchen.
Click here for information and to browse all the shared recipes.
Click here for information and to browse all the shared recipes.


text:
Dairy product prices bumped higher again at the latest Global Dairy Trade (GDT) auction in the wake of cyclones Cook and Debbie.
The GDT price index gained 3.1 per cent from the previous auction two weeks ago, making it the third rise in a row.
The average winning price came to US$3139 ($4469) a tonne.
About 22,927 tonnes of product was sold, up from 22,642 at the previous auction.
Whole milk powder (WMP) prices, a key product for determining Fonterra's farmgate milk price, climbed 3.5 per cent to US$2998 a tonne.
ASB rural economist Nathan Penny said this month's severe weather had stymied a strong end to the New Zealand production season and might lead to a slow start to next season.
Thanks to Cyclone Cook following quickly in the wake of Cyclone Debbie, the country has been in storm mode for most of the past month.
"However, the saving grace for dairy is that it has come late in the season and the major dairying regions have escaped the worst of the production impacts," Penny said.
"That said, there is a silver lining to the lost dairy production - we now see upside to our $6/kg milk price forecast for this season.
"Moreover, the recent auction results reaffirm our $6.75/kg forecast for next season as well," he said.
Fonterra's current milk price forecast still stands at $6/kg.
A large volume of instant WMP sold at a lower price than the regular grade product, AgriHQ dairy analyst Susan Kilsby said in a note.
"It was unusual to see regular grade WMP selling at a premium to the higher specification product but we have seen a lot of strength in the futures market recently and it is the regular grade product this market settles against," said Kilsby.
Skim milk powder (SMP) jumped 7.1 per cent to US$2044 a tonne.
"The GDT prices indicate there are buyers that are prepared to pay a premium to source SMP produced in New Zealand," Kilsby noted.
"Elsewhere in the world there is a glut of SMP but here we are successfully moving product and attaining good prices."
Cheddar rallied 6 per cent to US$3462 a tonne, butter increased 2.9 per cent to US$4892 a tonne, while lactose added 1.2 per cent to US$935 a tonne.
Meanwhile, rennet casein dropped 3.8 per cent to US$6020 a tonne, while anhydrous milk fat slipped 0.5 per cent to US$5930 a tonne.
Buttermilk powder sold at US$1720 a tonne.
There were 130 winning bidders out of 173 participating at the 14-round auction.
The number of qualified bidders rose to 541, up from 537 at the previous auction.
Staff Reporter, BusinessDesk


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Out the door for my beans and chop meat....chilli, chilli, chilli....nice and spicy. Veges and hummus, baked apple chips, mayb alil' popcorn for dear hubby....oh don't forget the peanuts, so that my house will look like the old restaurant "Ground Round" Do you remember throwing your peanuts on the floor? How about you?
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Whose your team, and what will you be cookn' up??????


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I was Also the Woman with the Issue of Blood
Xlibris Corporation, Feb 4, 2011 - Biography & Autobiography
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by Robert Reich Steve Bannon recently called Trump's firing of James Comey the biggest political mistake in modern political history. But it was more than that. It was outright obstruction of justice – another impeachable… Read More
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Fordham University Law professor Jed Shugerman made one of the most damning case against Vice President Mike Pence for being involved in obstruction of justice. The New York Times and Washington Post both broke stories… Read More
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President Trump loves breaking records, even when the evidence is dubious, but here's one he probably doesn't want to shatter: It is conceivable that he could become the least popular president in modern history. That… Read More
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PHOENIX — Just before President Trump strolled onto the rally stage on Tuesday evening, four speakers took turns carefully denouncing hate, calling for unity and ever so subtly assuring the audience that the president is not racist…. Read More


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Product description
Item No. 2360207035
From bluezoo's fantastic range of children's clothing, this dressing gown is perfect for introducing magical prints to a girl's nightwear collection. In a pretty shade of lilac, this super-soft piece features a cute and colourful unicorn and rainbow print, a self tie waist and two pockets.
- 100% polyester
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Subject to exceptions, Debenhams is happy to exchange or refund your purchase within 28 days of delivery. Please check here for more details on our returns policy and exceptions.See more information
Girls' lilac unicorn print dressing gown is rated out of 5 by 14.
Rated 5 out of 5 by HappyG from Super comfy I bought this dressing gown for my granddaughters 10th birthday - and she loved it! Not only is it a beautiful colour with unicorns on it but it is the softest and most comfortable dressing gown ever - a quote from my granddaughter!
Date published: 2017-04-03
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Date published: 2016-11-30
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Date published: 2016-11-26
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Date published: 2016-11-21
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Date published: 2016-11-20


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Da-Lite DA-PLEX150D 90X120 3/8IN SELF (27586)Item#: 40168019 | Model#: 27586
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Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Strategic SWOT Analysis Review provides a comprehensive insight into the company's history, corporate strategy, business structure and operations. The report contains a detailed SWOT analysis, information on the company's key employees, key competitors and major products and services.This up-to-the-minute company report will help you to formulate strategies to drive your business by enabling you to understand your partners, customers and competitors better.Scope- Business description – A detailed description of the company's operations and business divisions.- Corporate strategy – GlobalData's summarization of the company's business strategy.- SWOT analysis – A detailed analysis of the company's strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats.- Company history – Progression of key events associated with the company.- Major products and services – A list of major products, services and brands of the company.- Key competitors – A list of key competitors to the company.- Key employees – A list of the key executives of the company.- Executive biographies – A brief summary of the executives' employment history.- Key operational heads – A list of personnel heading key departments/functions.- Important locations and subsidiaries – A list of key locations and subsidiaries of the company, including contact details.HighlightsSaint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC (SGSG), a division of Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics, a subsidiary of Saint-Gobain, is a US-based specialty films manufacturer. It manufactures and markets architectural and automotive window films, photovoltaics and custom coatings. SGSG offers window film products including panorama films, solar control films, safety films, auto films, clear sheet films and skin protection films, among others, to commercial, residential and automotive customers. The company provides comprehensive range of materials solutions for Solar PV module manufacturing needs. SGSG offers highly specialized coatings and functional layers for applications in medical, security, display and electronics, automotive, and graphic arts and imaging. The company's products are sold in more than 90 countries under the Solar Gard, Panorama, Quantum, and Solar Gard Armorcoat brands. SGSG is headquartered in San Diego, California, the US.Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC Key Recent DevelopmentsMar 01, 2013: Solar Gard Launches Ecolux 70 Low-E Window Film TechnologyReasons to Buy- Gain key insights into the company for academic or business research purposes. Key elements such as SWOT analysis and corporate strategy are incorporated in the profile to assist your academic or business research needs.- Identify potential customers and suppliers with this report's analysis of the company's business structure, operations, major products and services and business strategy.- Understand and respond to your competitors' business structure and strategies with GlobalData's detailed SWOT analysis. In this, the company's core strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are analyzed, providing you with an up to date objective view of the company.- Examine potential investment and acquisition targets with this report's detailed insight into the company's strategic, business and operational performance.Note: Some sections may be missing if data is unavailable for the company.
Table of ContentsTable of Contents 2List of Tables 3Section 1 - About the Company 4Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Key Facts 4Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Key Employees 5Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Major Products and Services 6Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - History 7Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Locations And Subsidiaries 8Head Office 8Section 2 – Company Analysis 9Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Business Description 9Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - SWOT Analysis 10SWOT Analysis - Overview 10Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Strengths 10Strength - Focus on Innovation 10Strength - Manufacturing Excellence 10Strength - Memberships and Associations 10Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Weaknesses 11Weakness - Dependence on Third Party 11Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Opportunities 12Opportunity - United States: Economic Outlook 12Opportunity - New Product Launches 12Opportunity - Growth in Solar PV Market: Global 12Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Threats 13Threat - Competition 13Threat - Rapid Changes in the Specialty Films Market 13Threat - Fluctuating Raw Material Costs 13Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC - Key Competitors 14Section 3 – Appendix 15Methodology 15About GlobalData 15Contact Us 15Disclaimer 15List of TablesSaint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC, Key Facts 4Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC, Key Employees 5Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC, Major Products and Services 6Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC, History 7Saint-Gobain Solar Gard, LLC, Key Competitors 14
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Gw 2 Episode 6 Of Living World Season 3 Arrives July 25
The sixth and final episode of Guild Wars 2's third living world season launches on July 25th. We'd like to tell you more, but the announcement is literally one sentence and one image long. We don't even know what it's called yet. (But the image is a good tease!)
That could be because ArenaNet has been working hard to solve the connectivity problems from earlier in the day, or it could be because it doesn't want to spoil something amazing. Either way, the hard date on the finale should get you excited since ArenaNet's previously discussed the expansion timeline to follow, not that we know anything about that from anything but leaks either.
Totally lost on the living story? No problem: Massively OP columnist Tina Lauro Pollock posted a lengthy recap of the whole season just yesterday to catch you back up. Don't forget to log in before the 25th to lock in your claim on the current episode!


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December 6, 2013 Total Views: 5840 Today: 1
Reykjavik hotels booking).
The location was perfect. Within walking distance of everything from banks to supermarket to the bus station! Host was also very friendly and warm and made sure our stay was as comfortable as possible.
It was very close to the city center and the staff was really helpfull and nice to us. Also, the beds were comfortable. We paid a very good price for the location and the standard prices in Iceland.
Great location, just off the main shopping street of Reykjavik and only 2 mins walk to Bonus (the supermarket). Comfortable, soft bed, clean all the basics needed for a short stay. It's on the list of places for the FlyBus to drop/pick up directly and would recommend – walking through the snow to the bus station with luggage was a little silly, but good exercise in any case!
Location great. Supermarket and tourist office right around the corner. We had one of the flat's at the back of the building and it was a good size and had everything we needed. Well heated. Good staff.
Alfred was very friendly and kindly answered all our questions about the city and transport . The apartment itself was superb. Best value for the money in Reykjavik.
Location Very comfortable bed/s Warm Plenty of hot water Some smaller food items provided also washing up liquid & tea towels Hair dryer provided on request
We stayed in the one bedroom apartment with lift & balcony. We liked the loft room. Very central location. We paid extra for the off street parking space.
Really freindly welcome that made us feel at home.A brilliant location.Clean and comfortable, that had everything that we needed.
Great location. Right in the middle of Reykjavik just of the main street with lots of bars, cafes and restaurants nearby. Comfortable beds and modern
Our stay at Alfred's Apartment was excellent. The staff was quite helpful during the check-in and kindly keeping our luggage. The studio room was comfortable enough for a short stay. The toilet and kitchen were well equipped also.
Location, facilities, comfort, staff. If not for hairs in shower, Alfreds would've got 10/10. Would award 9.8/10, ideal for a couple or solo travellers.
Great location right at the centre of town within walking distance to sites, shops and tours. The owner was very helpful.
Excellent location – easy access to main street. Walking distance of bus terminal. Man who did our check in was very friendly. I would stay here again and recommend it.
Was nice to be met personal on arrival and shown apartment. Very easy to walk into rekjayvic. Lots of restaurants near by.
-very friendly owner -close to the center -facilities seemed adequate (we only stayed one night and did not use the kitchen)
Friendly reception, clean modern apartment, a bit small but everything worked well. We had the apartment at the back on the ground floor, so it was quiet, even on Culture Night.
Excelent location in the Centre of Reykjavik. Arrival at 1.30 am, an owner was waitng with a key, explain the details of accomodatioan and surrounding attractions. Wi-Fi worked without problems.
Alfred was very friendly and helpful in arranging Flybus booking to make our stay pleasant as possible. Room is well equipped to make simple hot meals with cooker and microwave oven. Rooms are clean, no regular room service as it is a serviced apartment. Bathroom is large compared to larger hotels we have stayed in here. Location is v good. Steps from main shopping strip and 5 mins to the cathedral. Supply is easy to obtain from the nearby Bonus supermarket. Noise is expected from street, crowds pouring out of the club's. However, it is not that bad.
Everything – location was right off the main street, stores convenient, tourist office close by and many tour options available at reasonable prices. Main city busses within walking distance. Kitchenette in the room. Friendly manager.
Staff was extremely friendly and helpful. They really wanted to make sure we had what we needed and that we enjoyed our stay. Great location. Comfortable room. Comfortable beds. I'd stay there again.
We originally only booked Alfred's Apartments for one night. After the first night, we ended up extending for an additional 3 nights because the apartment was so great: comfortable, modern, and a great value. The apartment manager gave us a warm intro & walkthrough of the amenities and was responsive to our requests. Location was right off the main street, rooms were extremely clean, linens were good, beds were comfy, pantries were well stocked with cooking basics, and wifi was fast. All we could ask for!
The apartment was "garden" level (half underground, but with good windows), but very comfortable for two people. Full kitchen set-up, so you could save quite a bit by making your own meals. Several tour companies would pick you up right from the corner, so very easy to get out to see Iceland's unique countryside — Geysir, Thingvellir, Gullfoss, etc.
The location was perfect, and we were welcomed warmly. I slept really well although I don't know how I managed it. There was sufficient kitchen equipment to make decent meals if we had wanted, and the basics to do so were provided too. Plenty of towels as I think the apartment was geared for 3 so we had spares. Shower worked well. With nothing to compare it with it may be good value for the price, in Reykjavik. It did feel like home after a day or so. The decoration was clean & smart. A washing machine and drier were available if required.
We were met by staff as we were dropped off from the airline shuttle. We were personally brought to our room and all questions answered. Any arrangements we needed we attended to immediately. Room was clean and comfortable. Location was perfect for first time to Iceland; close to all stores, restaurants and visitor center.
The location is ideal–close to the main shopping and restaurant/bar area as well as easy access to the Golden Circle. Kitchen and fridge worked well to keep our food costs down–the exchange rate of krona to the American dollar is comical. We paid over $120.00 regularly for very mediocre restaurant meals for four people. The concierge for Alfred's is absolutely delightful and very helpful.
We were so well looked after by the owner The facilities were really good, coffee and tea provided. It was a well-thought out little apartment and nothing was too much trouble
Owner was very accommodating, and went out of his way to be helpful. Studio was well appointed and with good quality fixtures.
Exceptionally friendly welcome from Alfred. Brilliant location just off the main street. I have no criticisms – it was fantastic and I'd stay there again in future.
Alfred was very hospitable & accommodating. Staying here we felt immediately at home. We enjoyed the kitchenette & tv for a relaxing night in & the location was perfect for weekend nights out on the town. Couldn't have asked for a better stay.
Great location, within walking distance of everything. Hallidor, the resident manager was amazing. Friendly and informative, anything we needed he provided if possible. I had a studio and it was perfect for me and my fiance'. Nice and cozy, the kitchen was fully stocked with all cookware and utensils, microwave, coffee maker, and fridge. The grocery store, Bonus, is literally at the corner and across the street. Can't wait to go back next year!!
right in the center of the city. all important shops / tourist information centers right around the corner. very nice and helpful host. would definitly book again.
Great central location, comfortable beds, self catering facilities, available washer and dryer. Haldor was an excellent host. We enjoyed our stay so much that we booked an additional night at the end of our trip.
It was well-priced, clean, convenient and had fantastically comfortable beds. The little kitchenette had everything we needed. The owner, whose slightly eccentric humour was exactly what I love about Iceland, gave helpful advice on where to get an early breakfast etc – round the corner, as it turned out.
Excellent location close to great shopping and dining. Comfortable apartment with good amenities/kitchenette. Reliable free wifi.
Close to shops and tourist office to book your tours without a fee. Good restaurant across the road. Clean and comfortable studio room. Would stay again
The location was perfect for exploring Reykjavik on foot. Parking behind the building was a great help. The amenities (full kitchen and washer and dryer) were priceless. Preparing two meals a day, shopping at the grocery store around the corner, allowed us extra money in our budget to do other things. I was able to keep up with laundry as we went, which means I don't have a bunch to do now that I am back home!
We had a friendly and welcoming check in with our host, Haldur. Our group of 2 couples stayed in a 1 bedroom apartment on the first floor, facing Vitastigur. Our friends took the bedroom – famed comfy beds, they fell asleep in seconds! Our sofa bed was comfy too. Thoughtfully equipped kitchen, with cooking condiments, coffee machine, stove, oven and fridge. Good for self-catering. Bathroom a little small after all the lodgings we had earlier in the week, but it had hot shower and toilet worked fine. Great location – just steps away from the main thoroughfare, Laugavegur. The tourist info center and supermarket is 5 mins walk to the left. You can book tours out of Reykjavik from here. Overall, good value for money.
Nice central location, very near the main shopping street, grocery store, tourist bureau. The owner was helpful and friendly. Good value for the money.
The appartment is very clean. The staff is friendly, if you need something they will do what they can to help you. The location is perfect, near everything. Great value for the money.
The Host was beyond helpful while we were staying at Alfred's Apartments. Even though we arrived at 1am, he was there to greet us with keys and gave us a thorough tour and explanation of the surrounding attractions. He was also just a phone call away if ever we needed any assistance. It really was a pleasure staying at Alfred's Apartments.
Everything was great, location to street, comforth of the apartment and its 'homely facilities' staff were freindly so all, with exception of my complaints surrounding cleanliness, ridiculous noice volume and the smell of the water – which did spoil the holiday.
The location of this property was just perfect! Was on just off the high street, so close to pubs, shops and restaurants but far enough away from the busy pub area so was quiet. The staff were extremely helpful and friendly. The appartment was lovely, clean, warm and spacous, had everthing we needed. Not sure I would even consider staying anywhere other than Alfred's Apartments when visiting again.
The location was great! everything in walking distance. The kitchen was very well equipped and the apartment was nice and cosy. The mattresses were also very comfy. The hosts were very friendly and informative and let us store our bags there after checking out on our last day so we just picked them up on our way to the airport in the evening. Would definitely stay there again after they finish building behind the apartments!
Location was good, pretty close to the super market with best price and to the church. And the stuff was also friendly and helpful but since we had no access to the main building, we had to ring the bell and talk through the bell or call them every time when we needed help. The room was pretty sound proof, there was a construction work nearby during the days and the noises did not really disturb us.
great localization, helpful personel giving all needed information about Iceland and transportation, nice arranged place including kitchen supply, cosy rooms, clean bathroom!
Alfred and his staff are very attentive and hospitable. Convenient location: 5-minute walk from all the main attractions, nice cafes and restaurants within 100 meters from the apartments. We enjoyed our stay at Alfred's Apartments)
Halldor is friendly and nice, we enjoyed ourselves in his presence. The location was good because it is near to the bus terminal, tour company and main street. The room is adequate and self contained. Valued for money accommodation
The apartment was as described. Good wifi, clean, nice room, near the Laugavegur – shopping/main street Mr. Halldór who wait for us at the arrival – was very kind and helpful. You can ask him if you need something and he will help you quickly
Haldór, our host at Alfred's apartment, was always available and very helpful with all the requests we had during our stay. The bed was so comfortable and the location was ideal. The quality was exceptionally good for the price we paid! I will definitely come back also because overall Icelandic people are very kind and available to give all information you need. Very open minded, my friend and I were nicely impressed.
Alfred's apartment is brilliant. The price is good bargain. And they provided the best apartment environment and location. Love this so much
This place was amazing. I was with a group of 3 guys. Right in the middle of the bars and night life, but allows you to get some sleep when you want. Great views in walkable distance (2 blocks) from the water. Perfect place, i would stay here every time.