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Pet Health CareView all posts
How to Find the Right Vet for Your Animal
Pet lovers generally consider their animals to be a part of their family. Whether you own a cat or a
Treating Paralysis Ticks
Paralysis ticks are parasites that can make cats and dogs very sick. They are most often seen around Australia's east
Find Out Experience Dog Walker and Sitter to Take Care of Dog
Most of the people love to take care of pet animal such as dog but it is hard to take
Pet Care TipsView all posts
3 Tips for Leaving Your Pet at a Boarding Kennel or Cattery
When you leave for vacation or any other kind of trip, you will likely have to leave your pets at home. It can be both costly and stressful to bring your pet with you, so you may need to considerRead More
Pet TrainingView all posts
Train your dog, as a gesture of love
There's an old saying everybody knows that goes like this: The dog is men's best friend. What many people do
Find Superb Puppy Training Now
You absolutely have to train your puppy! This is a golden opportunity to train your little (soon to be bigger)
Boarding for Your Pets Does Not Have to Be a Difficult Decision
For most of us, our pets are like family members. Cats and dogs are often creatures that we simply cannot
Pointers To Find The Best Dog Trainer
Dogs are considered to be the best best friends of numerous people. Their loyalty to their masters is unwavering and
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Best dog food for Boston Terriers
Are you planning to adopt Boston Terriers or already own one and worried about their food? Nothing to be worried about because there isn't much hard and fast rule toRead More
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Included Services with Pet Insurance Coverage
Having a pet is a lot of responsibility, and it can be expensive to take your cat or dog to the vet whenever they need shots or become ill. Fortunately,Read More
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A Quick Guide to Buying the Right Dog Bed
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Create a Safe Outdoor Space for Your Cat
Most cats want to be outside playing in the grass, chasing bugs and climbing trees. Unfortunately, the great outdoors is


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TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Delegates from the United Arab Emirates are asking for investment guarantees from President Joko Widodo. During a meeting at the Presidential Palace yesterday, May 18, Energy and Mineral Resources Deputy Minister Arcandra Tahar said the UAE requested investment protection.
"They are asking for it to be signed immediately so the cooperation can start," Arcandra said after meeting with the UAE Energy Minister Suhail Mohammed Faraj al-Mazroui.
Minister Arcandra said the investment guarantee will be given in various forms, including the nationalization of UAE companies operating in Indonesia.
The UAE, Arcandra said, does not want its companies nationalized only when a problem occurs. "The same thing is asked by other countries, like Qatar. This is the current trend".
He said the UAE also requests investment protection for partnerships in the oil and gas, renewable energy, and port management sectors.
The cooperation between Indonesia and UAE in the oil and gas sector includes the transaction between Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and Pertamina, and the cultivation of the Ruby Field in Sebuku Block by UAE company Mubadala.
In the renewable energy sector, Arcandra says Masdar is interested in building solar power plants. For port projects, the UAE has mentioned Dubai Port World's plan to cooperate with Pelindo II for technology and port equipment procurement.
If Indonesia granted all of UAE's requests, Arcandra estimates the Middle East country's investment value in Indonesia to triple, from today's US$2 billion to around US$7 billion.
"Indonesia will not only benefit from the capital inflow, but also from the additional jobs provided and economic growth," he said.

subset: commoncrawl


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The 2015 UGA-South Carolina Football Hype Video titled "The Danger" has been posted by the athletic department.
The video, created by Frank Martin and narrated by Aneek James, features clips of the Georgia Bulldogs' two wins this season leading up to Saturday's game.
Check out the video below. Go Dawgs!!


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design of metal grinding machine grinding up to micro size
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Charlotte Russe
Hours And Locations for Fort Worth, Texas
Category: Women's Apparel-Retail
Women's Apparel-Retail
Charlotte Russe is a growing, mall-based specialty retailer of fashionable, value-priced apparel and accessories. We are focused on providing exciting, fashion-forward merchandise that appeals to customers across age and socioeconomic boundaries, with a core emphasis on the lifestyle trends of young women in their teens and twenties. Our stores offer merchandise at value-oriented prices and the majority of our merchandise is sold under our proprietary Charlotte Russe labels, including Charlotte Russe, Refuge and blu Chic. The remainder of our merchandise consists of nationally-recognized brand ...
Charlotte Russe Hours And Locations for Fort Worth, Texas TX
Women's Apparel-Retail
2106 Green Oaks
Hours — Sat: 10:00am-9:00pm
Hours — Sat: 10:00am-9:00pm
S 4800 Hulen St
Hours — Sat: 8:00am-10:00pm
Hours — Sat: 8:00am-10:00pm
Locations currently open are Green and those currently closed are Red.
As of:12:51 am (CDT) Sat Sep 23. [Change]
As of:12:51 am (CDT) Sat Sep 23. [Change]
See all Charlotte Russe locations nationwide.


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Question about Dryers
Posted by drgeorge510 on
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
a 6ya expert can help you resolve that issue over the phone in a minute or two.
best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
the service is completely free and covers almost anything you can think of (from cars to computers, handyman, and even drones).
click here to download the app (for users in the US for now) and get all the help you need.
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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Attack on Nice booed the French Minister Waltz in celebration:
It has denounced the French Prime Minister Manuel Valls was also attended by a minute of silence in Nice,
where the bomber in a truck killed 84 people on Thursday.
From hecklers shouted "murderer" and "resign" in the face
by one minute of silence was held in various parts of the country.
Earlier, the leader of the opposition center-right Nicolas Sarkozy
accused the government of failing to provide security.
Forces are to be transferred to tourist sites with the continuation of investigations into possible links to jihadists killer.
Attack nice: What we know
Who are the victims?
Who was the attacker?
He called on any of the foreign nationals with links to radical Islam Sarkozy,
the former president, to be expelled from France.
This was a scene that has never been seen before in
France in the national action to honor the Head of Government booed and called a murderer.
Greeted by angry that Prime Minister Manuel Valls received when he observed one minute of silence in Nice is a stark warning of how to change the mood in the country.
Last year's attacks seemed very unusual much more than shock and awe to stir.
But nice it is shown that mass terrorism has become a regular and normal.
(F) as Manuel Valls saw in concert – this is beginning to make people very angry indeed.
Hollywood Movies 2016
Is the Film industry as one of the most profitable and very moving film entertainment industry all over the world,
and some of the biggest movie ever,
given the size – list in 2016 and 2017 movies and upcoming release date and the latest trailer movie,
the film's budget and the question box office records of all time also belong to the completed films in Hollywood. Visually stunning,
and concepts never heard of, things that can talk to you in a completely different world,
and twisting n at the same time the process is different
and entertaining is what Hollywood director, producers and studios are always trying to work on them. Often put a lot of conceptual films and excellence in the form of a series of films.
some of which include:
The Matrix trilogy
Jurassic Park series
God the Father trilogy
Star Wars series
X- Men series
three-dark night
These are some of the biggest film series of all time and is being produced by all the Hollywood studies and production houses.
From 2015 and more coming so far to see some of the most important based on the comic series of films, which is part of the previous series of movies, biography and also movies that rely on some reports and incidents of real life, and thus made the whole list every other upcoming Hollywood film that that will make their way to cinemas in 2016 also followed for all scheduled to come out in other years 2017 and 2018. a complete list of all the Hollywood big and small films with the stated date of issue, and set the dates and details of the latest trailer etc. below in this Hollywood's list of upcoming movies.


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Westfield High School
6 years ago
The Offsite Website of Bulldog Swim & Dive offers a comprehensive look at the team.
This includes everything from meet results and times, to photos of team events from this season and years past.
Westfield High School
4700 Stonecroft Blvd
Chantilly, VA 20151
Privacy Policy Terms of Use
The official website of Westfield High Bulldogs Athletics


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Whether you already have active email marketing campaigns or it's something you're just starting out with, there are a few things you need to think about with the use of images in campaigns. Why? Well, for one thing images can dominate an email and lose the core message; additionally, images can actually cause emails to hit the spam folders rather than the inbox. So let's look at the things you should avoid when crafting email campaigns, and find out why.
Don't hide your call to action links in images
The call to action, or CTA, is the main point of interest for you in any email campaign – it's where you want your reader to click. For this reason, it's vital that you make it as easy to spot as possible, and don't hide it within an image where it could get lost. Remember: most web users are trained to click on a blue hyperlink whenever they see one. Use this to your advantage by always using this type of link. You'll find the click through rate really benefits.
Never go 100% image-based
Pictures and images do have a place in email marketing; they're great for conveying brand identity and some more abstract ideas. But if you forego text completely you could be missing a big chunk of the market. The reason for this is that there are many spam filters in email clients that actually disable images altogether. In such a case your email would arrive and the reader would actually see nothing at all – that's not where you want your email campaign to be.
Keep the size down
Images can get big, fast. In fact, sometimes you may add some to an email without even checking the size first. Remember that your readers will be on all kinds of connections, some fast, some slow. For this reason you should optimise any images that you include in your email marketing. There are many ways to compress a JPG or PNG so that they still look great, but don't eat bandwidth or take minutes to load. The faster your email is presented to the reader, the better!
Limit images to a certain part of the page
There are some email campaign marketers out there who will actually only use images in the top 25% of the email – as a header – and let the words do the rest of the talking. This tactic can be effective for a number of reasons, most importantly being the fact that it balances the email well. For those on slow connections or who have images disabled by default, there'll still be plenty of content to read and the message will still be delivered.
Don't forget: images can be fantastic addition your email campaign, provided they don't dominate it. As with anything else in life, moderation is all-important.


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Konstruktivits glennascaul - Bing: Konstruktivits
An associate of Throbbing Gristle and the Industrial Records crew since late seventies, Glenn Michael Wallis formed British first wave industrial outfit just another wordpress. альбом NKVD Compilation com site black on - konstruktivits missing persons pseudo code side b persons. музыкант: Konstruktivits peter sotos (born april 17, 1960) an american writer musician. дискография in books, examines sadistic sexual criminals sexually violent. Жанры: Blues Classical Easy Listening Electronic Folk Funk buy tickets official ticketmaster ca site. To record "A Dissembly," went into IPS Studio in Shepherds Bush, London find tour schedule, concert details, reviews photos. played synthesziers, percussion vocals, with help from Dave Rouse (guitar this article lists songs new york city, set there, named after a location feature city. psyko-genetika II Audio Preview it not intended to include where is. remove we ship worldwide. Konstruktivits, Elephant Table, Third Mind, Hal McGee, cassette, DIY, homemade music, lo-fi, cassette culture, 1980s postage rates for your order are displayed before payment, which processed using paypal. The second ever LP release by Micheal under his banner or as he is called here credits composer musick you can pay paypal account any. Posts about konstruktivists written deankorrl Just another WordPress
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I applied through college or university. The process took 2 weeks. I interviewed at Surgical Information Systems (Alpharetta, GA) in May 2009.
SIS is VERY good at following up and keeping in touch with the candidates. They're not a company that sits around and waits for the candidate to be the pushy one. If they like you, they will show initiative, which is a BIG part of why I liked the interview process. The recruiter was extremely nice, and the people I interviewed with were wonderful Interview process was very fast, especially compared to other companies. I applied to several companies on the same day that I applied to SIS. I had completed the entire interview process AND had an offer in hand before some of the other companies even responded with an email.
Interview Questions
Verbally accepted the salary. Counter-offered with relocation expenses. Corporate recruiter was able to get the approval for the relocation reimbursement and FAR exceeded my expectations!!!!
Would you like us to review something? Please describe the problem with this {0} and we will look into it.
Your feedback has been sent to the team and we'll look into it.
This will replace the current featured interview for this targeted profile. Are you sure you want to replace it?
Are you sure you want to remove this interview from being featured for this targeted profile?


text:
Simon Castles is a journalist at The Age and a former editor of The Big Issue. He teaches writing and editing for digital media at the University of Melbourne.
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With the best will in the world I love my kids. They make me laugh, proud, scared and crazy in equal measure.
So at the ages of 6 and 3 is it really too much to ask that mornings aren't so fraught. Cereal, packed lunches and getting dressed.
What are we in for when they hit the High School?


text: Official ROTJV2 Run thread by Solo's Hold Jul 26, 2016 0:59:32 GMT -5 via Tapatalk Solo's Hold likes this Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by fightercaptured on Jul 26, 2016 0:59:32 GMT -5 Jul 24, 2016 21:57:36 GMT -5 captriker said:What paint and paint prep are folks using? Is there a better prep for the aluminum? I usually use acrylics.Thanks.I just used Krylon Colormaster flat black spray paint. I did some light sanding on the booster section and the top of the emitter. As long as you spray a light coat it will dry very evenly and quick. I also finished mine with a flat clear coat to lock it in.


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After four years in our Great Bridge location, it's time to move on to bigger and better things.
We've so enjoyed and loved the community in downtown Great Bridge, so we aren't moving too far away. Our new location will be in the Orchard Square Shopping Center – conveniently located at the corners of Kempsville Road and Volvo Parkway. We'll be in the shopping center with Farm Fresh, Chico's and more.
This new space will give us more square footage to offer you the best gently used, affordably priced high-quality furniture, home decor, estate items, antiques and more!
We will keep you posted on our new opening date, but we anticipate having the doors open by the end of November – just in time for your holiday shopping!
Thank you all for your continued support and thank you to the Great Bridge community for welcoming us with open arms and supporting us these past four years.


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Benefits of Engaging in Salesforce Communities
Many sales teams implement Salesforce and begin using it to track their pipelines and take advantage of the great forecasting tools. However, like a lot of software implementations, it's easy to get excited about the key functions of the system and then overlook some of the best parts of the tools included. Salesforce not only provides great data for improving sales, but it also has a social layer that can revolutionize the way you do business. Salesforce Communities is a great way to build collaboration across your team and with your business partners.
Salesforce Communities is an increasingly popular way for businesses to provide effective channels for employees to communicate and collaborate over business processes. Salesforce Communities is easily customized and optimized for mobile, and templates are easily designed for incorporating data from other systems. You can not only use Salesforce Communities for collaborating with internal employees, but also with vendors, suppliers and business partners. The benefits of using Communities includes:
Fast deployment: You can build a portal and deploy it for use in as little as 30 days. In the past, portals between, say, your company and a vendor, may take months as they were built individually by programmers that needed to know endless intricacies of each stakeholder. Salesforce has these technologies already built into its structure.
Affordable pricing and support: Using Salesforce Communities has a significant advantage over building a custom application that requires maintenance and improvement to stay current, using your internal IT resources. With Salesforce Communities, you enjoy frequent updates and customization that don't require IT involvement.
Mobile access: Salesforce Communities comes ready for mobile use, so it is a convenient way to give your team access to collaborative tools without the need for a customized mobile solution that would be necessary when building a portal in-house. Make sure you plan for mobile implementation when you consider your customized branding, user experience and specific processes. The hiring of a Salesforce Consulting Partner that has experience using mobile deployment is also an important step to ensure success with Communities.
Close the loop: Salesforce Communities will connect data in disparate systems so that the right users are accessing the data they need in real time. This provides you with a 360-degree view of your customers and business partners so that your service and timing are optimized to your customers' needs.
Connect in new ways: Of course, the best part of Salesforce Communities is the way you can connect with distributors and vendors like never before. In situations where you team up with a vendor or distributor to close a deal, you'll have improved visibility and collaboration on the project.
One Vision Solutions takes a client-first approach, listening to your business needs before making any specific recommendation for your company. If Salesforce Communities is a good fit for your team, however, One Vision Solutions has the expertise to help you implement this collaboration tool that will change the way you do business.


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All the latest horse racing form, betting odds, news, breeding, jockey and trainer information for Moonlight Miss. Moonlight Miss is a born in 19/11/2008 by Due Sasso out of Tropical Minx, trained by the Rod Brown stable.
The current race record for Moonlight Miss is 1 wins from 9 starts with prizemoney of $15,510.00


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Broken in Berneval, Soaked in the Sea
Series in which Julian Barnes and Hermione Lee explore the connections between a group of Victorian writers and artists who crossed the English Channel for different reasons.
Julian and Hermione travel to the north coast of France, where, in the late 1860s, the poet Algernon Swinburne spent time, as did the exiled Oscar Wilde some 30 years later. They examine French attitudes to the life and work of both men and the religious themes that link their writing.
In the summer of 1868, local fishermen saved a drunken Swinburne from drowning off the cliffs of Etretat. The bizarre lunch to celebrate his survival was attended by the teenage French writer Guy de Maupassant.
In 1897, an exiled Oscar Wilde held a fete for the locals in Berneval and invited friends including Ernest Dowson to distract him from working on his poem, The Ballad of Reading Gaol. But as Wilde became progressively more lonely, he started corresponding once more with Lord Alfred Douglas.
Oscar Wilde ...... Simon Russell Beale
Algernon Swinburne ...... Jonathan Tafler
Guy de Maupassant ...... Stephen Critchlow.


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Two Hands by Chrissy
I think I need both hands for this. I usually only type with one but fast like a spider dancing across the keys -- but I think I need both hands for this. Two hands to hold on tight, white knuckling fragments, ideas, memories, dreams that I'm afraid I won't remember or get down. I think I need two hands to grip the edge of the kitchen table strewn with animal and goddess oracle cards. To grip the table, the other side of the mattress, the other side of my life, the last thirty-two years while life keeps fucking me up and trying to tell me in big and small ways that I can't really hold on to anything at all. I think I need two hands, two palms to open like a book, like an egg, like wings. To open and press the center of my palms to the sky and the sea and my heart and his. They'll open, slowly, finger by finger still alive still pulsing in the rhythm of blood not hard like a lock but soft like a key that could bend in your pocket..or your car..or your hand if you held it too tightly. I think I need both of my hands to feel the sun and the rain and the earth and pregnant bellies and sideburns and long braided hair and all those other things that somehow slip away.
Sarah Puja
6/15/2015 09:20:10 am
Thank you for showing me a window into you, into the self. I know your two hands are touching the earth and sky and water and fire and so I hope they are dancing in gratitude wherever you are today.
6/17/2015 10:56:42 am
Aww... Thank u Sarah love. You are one of my muses forever. My hands are in New York right now reading auras and Rudolf Steiner. Where are yours? Xoxo
Leave a Reply.
August 2017


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What causes wounds, cuts and grazes?
Wounds can be caused by something sudden, such as a knife or a burn or a bad knock. Wounds can be caused deliberately, such as during surgery.
Wounds can be caused by infections, such as infections after surgery and infections in insect bites.
Wounds can be caused by being immobile, such as bed sores or pressure injuries.
Wounds can also be caused by chronic illnesses. For example, people with tuberculosis or leprosy can get ulcers. And people with diabetes can get ulcers after even the tiniest of knocks or scratches.
The signs of a wound are:
- a cut in the skin
- a graze to the skin
- redness and swelling around a mark.
But you should see a doctor if:
- the wound is deep
- the wound is to or near your eye
- the pain gets worse
- the redness and swelling is increasing
- you develop a temperature
- the wound is from a bite, whether by an animal or another human
- you have diabetes.
Not sure what to do next?
If you are still concerned about your wound, cut or graze, check your symptoms with healthdirect's online Symptom Checker to get advice on when to seek medical attention.
The Symptom Checker guides you to the next appropriate healthcare steps, whether it's self care, talking to a health professional, going to a hospital or calling triple zero (000).
Last reviewed: July 2015


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 3, 1973
|Filing date
|Dec 27, 1971
|Priority date
|Dec 27, 1971
|Also published as
|Publication number
|A Szekely
|Original Assignee
|Union Carbide Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (109), Classifications (17), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent I 191 Sze'kely [451 July 3,1973
[ APPARATUS FOR REFINING MOLTEN ALUMINUM [75] Inventor: Andrew Geza Szekely, Yorktown Heights, N.Y.
[73] Assignee: Union Carbide Corporation, New
York, N.Y.
[22] Filed:- Dec. 27, 1971 [211 App]. No.: 211,950
[52] US. Cl. 266/34 A, 75/68, 266/34 T,
266/38 [51] Int. Cl C22!) 21/06 [58] Field of Search 266/34 A, 34 T, 38; 75/59, 60, 93
['56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,227,547 1/1966 Szekely 266/34 A Primary Examiner-i-Gerald A. Dost A ttorney-Paul A. Rose, Harrie M. Humphreys et al.
[ 5 7 ABSTRACT The apparatus of the invention is capable of injecting gas in the form of small discrete bubbles into a mass of molten metal. The apparatus comprises a rotatable shaft coupled to drive means at its upper end and a vaned rotor at its lower end. Gas under sufficient pressure to be injected into the melt is fed into a passageway extending axially through the device whereby upon rotation of the rotor the gas is injected into the molten metal and subdivided into discrete gas bubbles. The process of the invention utilizes the above described gas injection apparatus for refining molten aluminum by introducing an inert gas into the metal beneaththe surface of the melt.
6 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures Patented July 3, 1973 2 Sheets-Sheet l 5275 P25 4 15 j 33 INVENTOR Z ANDREW G.SZEKELY Y pMr-edmm,
ATTORNEY Patented July 3, 1973 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ANDREW G. SZEKELY yman/C1 ATTORN EY APPARATUS FOR REFINING MOLTEN ALUMINUM BACKGROUND This invention relates in general to refining ofmolten aluminum, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for removing dissolved gases and non-metallic impurities from molten aluminum and its alloys without the emission of corrosive or environmentally harmful gases and fumes.
Molten aluminum prior to casting, contains many impurities which, if not removed, cause high scrap loss in casting, or otherwise cause poor metal quality in products fabricated therefrom. In molten aluminum base alloys, .the principal objectionable impurities are dissolved hydrogen and suspended non-metallic particles such as the oxides of aluminum and magnesium, refrac-,
tory particles, etc. 1
The solubility of hydrogen in aluminum alloys decreases by about an order of magnitude when the metal solidifies. Consequently, hydrogen gas is released from the metal during casting if the hydrogen content of the molten metal is not reduced below the solid solubility limit of hydrogen in the metal. Hydrogen causes pinhole porosity in rapidly solidified metal such as directchill cast ingots, or fills shrinkage cavities in slowly solidified metal. Even hydrogen remaining dissolved in the metal after solidification is harmful, since it diffuses during heat treatment into voids and other discontinuities in the solid metal, therebyaggravating the harmful I effects of these defect points on the properties of the metal. Excessive amounts of hydrogen cause bright flakes in forgings and blisters in rolled products.
Solid, non-metallic particles suspended in the molten metal cause serious difficulties during casting and fabrication of aluminum alloys. These particles consist mainly of oxides which are introduced into the melt with the scrap during the melting operation, or are produced by'direct oxidation with air, water vapor, carbon dioxide and other oxidizing gases while the metal is processed in the molten state. Fine, broken-up oxide films stirred into the molten metal are particularly harmful, since in contrast to the more macroscopic oxides and other solid particles they cannot be skimmed off as dross and remain suspended in the molten metal. It has been suggested that buoyancy is provided for these oxide particles by microscopic hydrogen bubbles adsorbed on the particles. While this suggestion and others predicting some form of association between hy drogen and particulate solids in the melt lack convincing experimental proof, it is an established fact that an interaction between particulate solids and hydrogen does exist during casting of the metal. Solid particles dispersed in the metal act as nuclei for the formation of hydrogen bubbles during solidification of the metal. Furthermore, these non-metallic impurities may act as stress raisers that seriously impair the mechanical properties of the cast metal. In addition, non metallic impurities cause difficulties in the fabrication of aluminum alloys, such as excessive tool wear in machining die castings, and show up as surface defects in rolled or exspecifications and claims, the term sound metal is used in reference to the quality of the molten metal immediately prior to casting, and is intended to mean that both dissolved hydrogen andnon-metallic impurities are removed from the molten metal to an extent required for the production of substantially flawless cast ings or for fabrication of the particular alloy into a useful metal product. The soundness of the metal is determined by conventional testing procedures well known in the art, such as vacuum solidification test of the molten metal before casting, metallographic and ultrasonic examinations of the solid metal according to relevant standards, porosity tests, destructive testing, etc.
In the past, reduction of the dissolved gas content and non-metallic impurity content of the molten metal has been accomplished by keeping the temperature in the melting hearth and in other metal treating vessels as low as possible, and by holding the metal in the molten state for a prolonged period of time. Such time consuming practices have, however, been modified and largely superseded by various fluxing processes in which the molten metal is contacted with reactive gaseous or solid fluxing agents which generally contain halogens. The most universally used fluxing agent in aluminum processing is chlorine gas or chlorine gas generating compounds, such as hexachloroethane. Chlorine gas is generally injected into the molten alloy from enameled iron pipes or from graphite fluxing tubes specifically constructed for this purpose. Chlorine fluxing results in satisfactory hydrogen and nonmetallic impurity removal in most alloy grades. For
high strength structural alloys, it has been found necessary to subject the metal to additional treatment, such One of the principal drawbacks of chlorine is its high reactivity with metals. Chlorine vaporizes aluminum in the form of aluminum chloride gas, and reacts with substantially all the alloying elements in aluminum alloys. This is undesirable from both an operational as well as economic standpoint. Furthermore, unreacted chlorine gas represents a health hazard for operating personnel. Therefore, the fluxing chamber :is generally operated under negative pressure to prevent leakage of the toxic gas into the atmosphere. This, however, facilitates the entry into the chamber of air and moisture from the surrounding atmosphere which then come into contact with the molten metal. As a result, the metal can be recontaminated with hydrogen and oxygen during and after the fluxing operation.
One of the most serious problems caused by chlorine fluxing relates to the hydrolysis products of aluminum chloride. In the presence of moisture, aluminum chlo ride forms aluminum oxide fume and hydrochloric acid, both of which are considered serious air pollutants. In addition, the presence of hydrochloric acid makes the corrosion problems caused by chlorine even more severe. Since the cost of removing these cornpounds, by means of gas cleaning equipment, is relatively high, there is an urgent need in the present state of the art for replacing chlorine as a fluxing agent for aluminum alloys.
In an effort to avoid the problems caused by the use of chlorine fluxing, inert gases, such as nitrogen and argon, have been suggested for the fluxing of aluminum and its alloys. However, comparative tests carried out with these inert gases at conditions similar to those used for chlorine fluxing have shown that the inert gases were inferior to chlorine in their fluxing ability, and in addition have caused operational difficulties. The problems encountered with the use of inert gas have included a less efficient degree of hydrogen removal, severe splashing of the metal atgas flow rates at which no splashing occurred with chlorine, poor non-metallic impurity removal and a significant increase in the metal content of the dross. I
The use of porous media has been suggested for the introduction of the inert gas into the metal instead of conventional fluxing tubes. This suggestion was apparently aimed at improving the gas injection technique and, in fact, contributed in some cases to better utilization of the inert gas in removing hydrogen. However, this technique has not gained wide acceptance by the aluminum industry, due to the fact that only at rela-- tively low gas flow rates can porous media efficiently disperse the gas into distinct gas bubbles in molten aluminum, and because at practical gas flow rates the degree of non-metallic impurity removal has been unsatisfactory. Thus, inert gases introduced through porous materials are used principally for degassing aluminum alloys under special plant conditions, where the production routine and economics justify a relatively slow metal treatment rate.
The prevailing view today in the aluminum industry, derived from the attempted use of inert gases, is that while the dissolved hydrogen level can be satisfactorily controlled in some aluminum alloys, these gases cannot successfully remove non-metallic impurities from the metal and cause high metal loading of the dross. This conclusion has led to the development of complicated and expensive fluxing techniques, combining inert gas sparging with molten metal filtering, or alternately, to less sophisticated fluxing techniques which utilize various gas mixtures containing substantial amounts of chlorine such that side effects of chlorine fluxing, namely, the emission of corrosive and harmful gases and fumes, are only moderated but not eliminated by the partial replacement of chlorine, or by the simple dilution of the effluent gas. Thus the use of chlorinenitrogen and other gas mixtures containing substantial amounts of chlorine do not represent long-range solutions to the pollution problem of the aluminum industry.
OBJECTS Accordingly,it is an object of this invention to provide a device capable of injecting inert gas into a molten metal bath, such as aluminum, in the form of small discrete bubbles at high gas flow rates in such manner as to cause the gas bubbles to come into intimate contact with the entire mass of the molten metal bath.
It is another object of this invention to provide an effective system for refining aluminum by removing hydrogen and other non-metallic impurities therefrom without causing the emission of corrosive or toxic gaseous by-products.
[t is yet another object of this invention to provide a process for refining aluminum with inert gas which efficiently removes hydrogen and other non-metallic impurities from the metal in a continuous process at high metal throughput rates.
SUMMARY The above objects and others which will be apparent to those skilled in the art are achieved by the present invention one aspect of which comprises: a device capable of subsurface injection of gas in the form of small discrete bubbles into a mass of molten metal contained in an enclosure, comprising in combination:
(1) a rotatable shaft coupled to drive means at its upper end and fixedly attached to a vaned rotor at its lower end,
(2) a stationary sleeve surrounding said shaft and fixedly attached at its lower end to a vaned stator containing a plurality of vertical channels between said vanes,
(3) an axially extending passageway for conveying and discharging said gas into said mass of metal, formed by the inner surfaces of said sleeve and stator and the outer surface of said shaft, and
(4) means for providing gas to the upper end of said passageway under sufficient pressure to be injected into the melt,
whereby upon rotation of said rotor and provision of said gas flow, the gas is injected into said molten metal and'subdivided into discrete gas bubbles, and a circulation pattern of said molten metal is induced which causes intensive stirring such that substantially the entire mass of molten metal in said enclosure comes into intimate contact with the gas bubbles.
The second aspect of the present invention is a system for refining molten aluminum comprising in com bination: (l) a gas injection device as set forth above, (2) an insulated vessel provided with entrance and exit means for the continuous flow of molten metal through said vessel, means for the discharging of gas from said vessel and (3) a vessel cover which seals said vessel to prevent infusion of air and moisture into said vessel, which enables said vessel to be operated under positive pressure and which has an opening therein into which said gas injection device is inserted in a sealed manner.
The third aspect of the present invention is a process for removing dissolved hydrogen and non-metallic impurities from molten aluminum prior to casting comprising the steps of:
(l) feeding molten aluminum into a refining zone,
( 2) maintaining a protective atmosphere above the surface of the molten metal at a positive pressure relative to the ambient pressure, thereby preventing infusion of air and moisture into said zone and contact of the molten metal therewith,
( 3) introducing an inert gas in the form of discrete bubbles into the molten metal beneath the surface of the melt,
(4) stirring'the molten metal in the refining zone to create a circulation pattern in the molten metal relative to the points of entry of the gas bubbles in the melt such that the gas bubbles introduced into the melt are transported substantially radially outward, relative to said points of entry of the bubbles,
thereby prolonging the residence time of the gas bubbles in the melt and causing the gas bubbles to come into intimate content with substantially the entire mass of molten aluminum in said refining zone,
(5) withdrawing the spent inert gas containing hydrogen released by the metal, while collecting and spearating the other non-metallic impurities in a dross layer on the surface of the molten aluminum, and
(6) withdrawing the refined molten aluminum from said refining zone.
The term inert gas as used herein is meant to include gases which are inert towards molten aluminum. Argon and nitrogen or mixtures thereof are preferred for this purpose although, the inert gases of the periodic table viz., helium, krypton, xenon or mixtures of any of them are also suitable for the present invention.
The term aluminum as used throughout the specification and claims ismeant to include pure aluminum metal as well as alloys of aluminum.
DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the gas injection device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in cross-section illustrating a preferred system for refining a metal stream in a continuous process in accordance with the present invention;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are a cross-sectional and a top view, respectively, of another preferred embodiment of apparatus suitable for refining molten metal in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION The gas injection device of the present invention is characterized by its ability to inject a gas at high flow rates into molten metal in the form of discrete gas bubbles and to achieve a high degree of gas dispersion throughout the melt. The device, when in operation, induces flow patterns in the metal in the vicinity of the device such that the gas bubbles which are formed, are
transported along a resultant flow vector which is radially outward with a downward component relative to the vertical axis of the injection device. These flow patterns have several advantageous effects. First, essentially vertical stirring is provided for the entire body of the melt, whereby a downwardly directed flow along the device, in combination with the rotating vanes, causes subdivision of the gas into small discrete gas bubbles. Second, the rapid conveyance of the gas bubbles away from the point of introduction into the melt prevents bubble coalescence in the zone where the gas bubble concentration is the highest. Third, the gas residence time of the well dispersed gas bubbles in the melt is prolonged, because the gas bubbles do not immediately, upon formation, rise to the surface under the influence of gravity.
Another factor which contributes to maximization of the subdivision of the gas into small bubbles, and hence leading to a large metal-gas interfacial area, is the preheating of the gas before it enters the melt. Such preheating is provided in the present invention by conducting the gas through a passageway running the ,length of the device which is submerged in the hot mol ten metal. Thus, the initially cold gas is preheated by contact with the hot, heat conducting walls of the gas passageway, whereby the gas is expanded before being subdivided into gas bubbles. Consequently, the number of bubbles generated from a given volume of gas is increased substantially, and thermal growth of the small bubbles in the melt is substantially prevented.
'When used for injecting inert gas into molten aluminum, the injection device of the present invention produces an unanticipated improvement in the efficiency of the refining operation. In addition to being able to degas the metal at a high throughput rate, the vigorous stirring action produced by the device, coupled with the large gas/metal contact area of the well distributed gas bubbles, assure efficient removal of solid particulate impurities suspended in the melt a major deficiency in the prior art of light metal refining with inert gases. As a result, the process of the invention can refme aluminum at an efficiency comparable to that achieved with chlorine, while eliminating the problems inherent with chlorine fluxing.
As shown in FIGS. l and 2, the gas injection device consists of rotor ll, equipped with vertical vanes 2, and rotated by means of a motor, such as an air motor or electric motor (not shown) through shaft 3. Shaft 3 which does not contact the melt during normal operation, may be constructed of steel, while the remainder of the equipment is preferably constructed from a refractory material, such as commercially available graphite or silicon carbide, materials which are inert toward aluminum and its alloys at the operating temperatures involved. Shaft 3 is shielded from the molten metal by sleeve 4, which is fixedly attached to stator 5. The abutting inner surfaces 6 and 7 respectively, of sleeve 4 and stator 5, and the abutting outer surfaces 8 and 9 respectively, of shaft 3 and rotor 1, form an annular, axial passageway 10 for the gas tobe injected.
. A plurality of vertical channels 11 are machined into stator 5. The combination of stator 5 and rotor 1, when in operation, induce an upper and lower flow pattern of molten'metal around the injection device as indicated generally by the arrows l3 and 12, respectively. Specifically, the upper flow pattern 13 has a main velocity vector pointing essentially downward, i.e., it is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the rotor 1, thereby forcing the molten metal through the channels 11 of stator 5; the lower, more localized flow pattern indi cated byarrows l2, develops beneath the rotor l and is pointed essentially upward and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor l. The resultant flow of these components is indicated by arrows 14, which 1 show that the molten metal is forcefully discharged by from rotor 1. The resultant flow pattern causes a well distributed and uniform gas dispersion and a thorough agitation of the molten metal within the treating vessel.
An inert gas (indicated by arrow 15), such as argon or nitrogen, is introduced into the annular passageway 10 at a predetermined pressure and flow rate. The gas fills the bell shaped pocket 16 which is a continuation of passageway 10 surrounding neck 17 of rotor 1. Since the gas is supplied at a pressure greater than the pressure prevailing in the molten metal at a height indicated by arrow 18, the gas pocket 16 prevents molten metal from running back through the gas passage and from coming in contact with the metal shaft 3 of the gas injector. Neck 17 surrounds shaft 3 and is constructed from a material resistant to molten aluminum in order to protect shaft 3 from attack by molten aluminum. As shown in F IG.- 2, the torque from shaft 3 is transferred to rotor i by means of winged cross-piece 211 which is threaded to shaft 3. Cross-piece 21 is placed during assembly into cavity 23 of rotor 1, the cavity 23 having a shape corresponding to that of cross-piece 21. Thereafter, cavity 23 is sealed by threading and cementing neck 37 into thread 24 in rotor l.
The introduction of inert gas 15 into annular passageway 10 need not necessarily be the sole means of providing the gas to be injected. An alternate embodiment of the invention may include a hollow shaft, wherein a passageway 19 extends axially through shaft 3 and is provided with a plurality of drillings 20 which provide communication with passageway 10 and gas pocket 16. Thus, inert gas (indicated by arrows 15 and 25) may be provided through either passageway 10 or passageway 19 or both.
It is important that the cold gas (indicated by arrows l and 25) entering the injector be preheated during its passage through passageway or passageway 19, and gas pocket 16 by contacting the sleeve 4 and shaft 3 which are essentially at the temperature of the melt. The preheated gas is forced between the vanes of the rotor l where it is broken up into small discrete bubbles by collision with the vanes 2 and by the metal flow sweeping past the vanes. The forced circulation of the metal around the injector device rapidly disperses the gas bubbles as they are formed in a direction essentially along the main flow velocity vector, indicated by arrows M. The initial trajectory of the gas bubbles follows the direction of the arrows 14 until the buoyancy force prevails and causes the gas bubbles to rise to the surface of the melt.
The beneficial effects of the forced circulation pattern of the metal around the injection device include the following: (1) the provision of an efficient mechanism for small gas bubble formation, (2) the prevention of bubble coalescence by dispersing the small gas bubbles almost simultaneously with their formation, (3) the provision of efficient circulation of the metal, and (4) prolonged residence time of the gas bubbles in the melt beyond the time they wouldremain in the melt if gravity were the sold force acting upon them.
- The process of the invention can be carried out in a batch-type operation, or in a continuous operation by using a refining system such as shown in FIG. 3. The refining system comprises a cast iron shell 31 which is maintained at its operating temperature by conventional heating means which may be located in well 32, and is insulated against heat loss by an outer refractory shell 33. The inner surface of shell 31 is lined with graphite 34 or with other refractory materials which are inert to molten aluminum and non-metallic impurities likely to be present. Shell 31 is provided with a cover 36 which rests upon flanges 39. A gas-tight seal is provided between flanges 39 and cover 36 which may be bolted or otherwise fastened thereto, thereby allowing the system to be operated without the iltration of air. A gas injection device 35, such as that shown in PEG. 3, is fastened to cover 36 and supported therefrom.
inert gas (indicated by arrow 37) is injected into molten metal 38 by gas injector 35. The gas after passing through the molten metal, collects in head space 43 to form an inert gas blanket over the melt and leaves through metal inlet port 40 counter-current to the incoming flow of metal. The free cross-sectional area of the gas passage, and hence the pressure in the system, is regulated by damper 49 located in port 40. The slightly pressurized inert gas in head space 43 prevents air leakage into the vessel.
Entry of the metal 38 into the refining system is through metal inlet port 40. Inside the vessel, metal 38 is sparged by the uniformly distributed small bubbles of inert gas and is agitated by the action provided by the rotating gas injector 35. Hydrogen dissolved in the melt diffuses into and is carried away by the bubbles of inert gas as they rise through the melt to the melt surface 42. The large surface area of the finely dispersed gas bubbles also serves as an efficient transport means for suspended oxide particles to dross layer 48 at the melt surface 42 from where they can be removed by skimming. The major overall circulation pattern developed in the molten metal are schematically shown by arrows 50. It is this induced flow pattern of metal in the vessel which continues to bring fresh metal into contact with the gas bubbles which are being discharged from the space between the rotor and stator of the injection device.
The refined molten metal leaves the refining vessel through discharge port 44 situated below the metal surface 42 in wall 45. The metal then passes through well 46 and leaves the system through exit trough 47 to a casting station. Well 46 may contain a conventional filtering medium, such as, graphite or solid refractory chips.
Skimrning of the metal surface 42 may be accomplished by stopping the inlet flow of metal to the refining vessel while maintaining the flow of inert gas 37 through gas injector 35 so as to push the dross layer 48 into inlet trough 40 from where it may be removed by mechanical means. Alternatively, metal surface 42 can be skimmed by means of a hand tool inserted into shell 31 through inlet trough 40 or through an opening (not shown) in cover 3 6.
The refining operation is not restricted to being carried out in a single refining zone as shown in FIG. 3; rather, the vessel may contain a plurality of individual refining compartments or zones through which the molten metal passes in series. FIGS. 4, and 5 illustrate such an alternate arrangement.
The refining vessel 55, shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, is constructed from a refractory which is inert to molten aluminum, and is insulated against heat losses with high temperature insulating materials. if necessary, the vessel may also be provided with electric heating elements (not shown) to compensate for heat losses. Refining vessel 55 is provided with a cover 56 which is attached to vessel 55 gas-tight leaving only the metal inlet trough 57 unsealed. Gas injectors 39 and as which are of the type described in FIG. l, and their respective drives 61 and 62 are supported by cover 56. Arrows '75 indicate inert gas entering gas injectors 591 and (MD through their respective inlet ports.
The refining vessel 55 is intended to be used in continuous operation, i.e., molten metal is continuously supplied through inlet trough 57 into the vessel 55, the metal is refined by continuous agitation and gas injection through injectors 59 and 60, and the refined metal is continuously withdrawn from the vessel via exit trough 58. Reference to FIG. 5 shows that refining vessel 55 is provided with two refining zones 63 and 64 separated by a baffle plate 65. The metal first enters refining zone 63 where it is agitated and sparged with an inert gas provided by gas injector 59. The metal leaves the refining zone 63, in part by overflow over the top of baffle plate 65, and partly by underflow through ports 66 provided in baffle plate 65. The metal is further refined in the second refining zone 64 where it is similarly agitated and sparged with inert gas provided by gas injector 60. The metal leaves refining zone 64 by overflowing the bottom baffle plate 67 and entering exit pipe 68. Exit pipe 68 is fabricated from a refractory material, such as graphite or silicon carbide and serves to conduct the refined molten metal from refining zone 64 to exit well 69 where it leaves the refining vessel through exit trough 58.
The refining gas introduced into the system passes through the molten metal, collects in head space 74 above the metal and leaves the refining vessel 55 through inlet trough 57 above and in counter-current flow to the entering molten metal. The pressure in the refining vessel 55 may be adjusted by a hingeddamper 73, located in inlet trough 57, by regulating the free cross-sectional area of the gas passage in inlet trough 57. Thus, it is possible to provide, in addition to the static seal provided bycover 56, adynamic gas seal for the refining vessel by operating vessel 55 slightly above the ambient pressure so as to prevent air from entering the vessel.
The degree of refining which is necessary will, of course, vary with the intended use of the cast product. For high strength structural alloys, the addition of a salt flux may be advantageous during refining to promote oxide-metalseparation. Preferably, the flux is selected from the group consisting of halides of alkali and alkaliearth metals. This chemical flux may be charged into the inlet trough 57 when the flow of metal is initiated through the refining vessel or through a port (not shown) providedin the cover 56. In addition, the exit well 72 maybe filled with a suitable filtering medium, preferably one having a density lower than that of molten aluminum or its alloys, such as coke or crushed graphite, to insure removal of the flux from the metal as it leaves the refining vessel 55.
An efficient and convenient alternate method of providing an in situ fluxing agent to the bath is the addition of a small amount of chlorine to the inert gas. When chlorine is introduced into a molten aluminum alloy containing magnesium, part of the chlorine reacts with magnesium forming magnesium chloride, an efficient fluxing agent, the remaining part reacts with aluminumforming aluminum chloride gas. It has been discovered that in the presence ofa large excess of inert gas, magnesium chloride is preferentially formed relative to aluminum chloride, tothe extent that substantially all the chlorine supplied with the inert gas reacts with magnesium. It is therefore possible to generate an effi ient in situ" fluxing agent in magnesium containing aluminum alloys by introducing chlorine into the melt, in a highly diluted form withan inert gas, through the injection device of the present invention. The intimate mixing of the injected gas and the molten metal, which is provided by the injection device, enhances the formation of magnesium chloride, thereby preventing the emission of unreacted chlorine or aluminum chloride from the system. The concentration of chlorine in the inert gas is generally regulated in the range of O to 5 vplume percent depending upon the magnesium content of the alloy, but in no case is it allowed to exceed the amount which results in the emission of harmful byproducts from the system. 7
A distinct advantage of the system of the present invention is that it can be readily adjusted to supply the refining gas requirements for different alloy grades and the speed of refining can be matched to a wide range of casting rates. The specific refining gas requirement, generally expressed as volume of gas at normal temperature and pressure per unit weight of metal to be treated, is a function of the composition of the alloy and the degree of purity required in the finished product. The flow rate of metal through the refining system is governed by the required speed of casting, i.e., by the type of casting machines used and by the number of ingots cast simultaneously from the refined metal. The following examples illustrate a convenient way by which operating conditions in the system may be adjusted depending upon the particular alloy to be refined and the desired rate of refining in accordance with the present invention. 7
Initially, the flow rate of the refining gas per gas injection device is calculated from the following formula:
V=W-C/N where: V= the flow rate of the refining gas through the device, normal cu.ft./min;
W the metal flow rate or refining rate, lbs/min;
C the specific refining gas requirement, normal N the number of gas injection devices in the system.
The specific refining gas requirement, C is determined by experimentation or, for purposes of start-up, it can be estimated based on the amount of chlorine used for fluxing that particular alloy in conventional chlorine practice. For example, alloys which are known to be relatively easy to degas or have no critical application can be refined with C= 0.005 cu.ft. gas/lb metal, while high strength structural alloys may require 6 0.040 cu.ft. gas/lb metal to satisfy the more stringent purity requirements of the product.
After having determined the necessary gas flow rate through the injection device, the speed of rotation of the rotor is adjusted in accordance with the following formula:
R (300 750V 83r )/d where: R the speed of rotation of the rotor, (RPM);
V= the gas flow rate through the device as calculated from formula( I normal cu.ft./min;
r the ratio of the least cross-sectional dimension of the refining zone around the rotor to the diameter of the rotor (calculated with consistent units); for example, in the refining system shown in FIG. 5, the least cross-sectional dimension of refining zone 63 is the smaller of the two dimensions indicated by arrows and 71;
d the diameter of the rotor, inches.
This formula yields an approximate RPM for the rotor which ensures a satisfactory dispersion of the refining gas and a good stirring of the metal bath under most operating conditions. From the formula it can be seen that the speed of the rotor must be increased with increasing refining gas flow rates. It should be noted, however, that it is possible to operate the device at significantly lower speeds than predicted by this formula, the optimum speed being dictated primarily by the desired degree of refining.
EXAMPLE I 1,640 lbs of alloy selected from the 6,000 series is to be refined in 12 minutes. The specific refining gas requirement of the alloy is C 0.0146 normal cu.ft. gas/lb metal. The system contains one gas injection device and is characterized by the following dimensional constants:
r 4 and d 8 inches. The refining rate, W, defined in formula (1) is calculated as W 1,640 lbs/ 12 minutes 137 lbs/min.
From formula (1): V 2 normal cu.ft. gas/min. By substituting this value together with the dimensional constants into formula (2), the necessary rotational speed is calculated as R 391 revolutions per minute. In practice, 300 RPM has been found adequate to refine this particular alloy at the described conditions.
EXAMPLE II A high strength structural alloy selected from the 7,000 series is to be refined in a continuous operation, i.e., while the metal is being transferred to a casting station where several fabricating ingots are cast simultaneously from the refined alloy, at a total rate of 37,000 lbs metal/hour. The specific refining gas requirement of the alloy was determined by experimentation as C 0.019 normal cu.ft./lb. The system contains two gas injection devices and is characterized by the following dimensional constants:
= 3.2 and d 7.5 inches.
For a refining rate of W 617 lbs/min, the solution of formula 1) yields a gas flow rate of V 5 .86 normal cu.ft./min and, in accordance with formula (2), a satisfactory refining is achieved by rotating the gas injection devices at a speed of 739 RPM.
What is claimed is:
l. A device capable of subsurface injection of gas in the form of small discrete bubbles into a mass of molten metal contained inan enclosure, comprising in combination:
1. a rotatable shaft coupled to drive means at its upper end and fixedly attached to a vaned rotor at its lower end,
2. a stationary sleeve surrounding said shaft and fixedly attached at its lower end to a vaned stator containing a plurality of vertical channels between said vanes,
3. an axially extending passageway for conveying and discharging said gas into said mass of metal, formed by the inner surfaces of said sleeve and stator and the outer surface of said shaft, and
4. means for providing gas to the upper end of said passageway under sufficient pressure to be injected into the melt,
whereby upon rotation of said rotor and provision of said gas flow, the gas is injected into said molten metal and subdivided into discrete gas bubbles, and a circulation pattern of said molten metal is induced, which causes intensive stirring such that substantially the entire mass of molten metal in said enclosure comes into intimate contact with the gas bubbles.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the induced circulation pattern is such as to transport the injected gas bubbles in a direction extending radially outward from the axis of said device with a downward component relative to said axis.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the rotatable shaft contains a second passageway extending axially therethrough and is provided with a plurality of drillings which communicate with said axially extending passageway, formed by the inner surfaces of said sleeve and stator and the outer surface of said shaft, for conveying and discharging said gas into said mass of metal.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the rotor and stator are of graphite. v i
5. Apparatus for refining molten aluminum, comprising in combination: (1) a gas injection device as set forth in claim 1, (2) an insulated vessel provided with entrance and exit means for the continuous flow of molten metal through said vessel, means for the discharging of gas from said vessel and (3) a vessel cover which seals said vessel to prevent infusion of air and moisture into said vessel, which enables said vessel to be operated under positive pressure and which has an opening therein into which said gas injection device is inserted in a sealed manner. v
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said vessel contains a plurality of refining zones each of which is provided with a gas injection device as set forth in claim 1.
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|Feb 17, 1998
|Pyrotek, Inc.
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|Oct 14, 1997
|Sep 29, 1998
|Cook; Thomas H.
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|Dec 8, 1998
|Tilak; Ravindra V.
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|Aug 31, 1999
|Cooper; Paul V.
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|Sep 14, 1999
|Cooper; Paul V.
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|Feb 22, 2000
|Cooper; Paul V.
|Flow-directing device for molten metal pump
|Dec 24, 1997
|May 2, 2000
|Alcan International Limited
|Injector for gas treatment of molten metals
|Sep 4, 1996
|May 22, 2001
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Electrolytic method for the production of sodium and aluminum chloride
|May 14, 1999
|Oct 16, 2001
|Paul V. Cooper
|Mixed flow rotor for molten metal pumping device
|Mar 24, 1999
|Feb 12, 2002
|Paul V. Cooper
|Molten metal pump with metal-transfer conduit molten metal pump
|Jun 8, 2000
|Jun 4, 2002
|Paul V. Cooper
|Monolithic rotor and rigid coupling
|Feb 7, 2000
|Jun 4, 2002
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
|Blanketing molten nonferrous metals and alloys with gases having reduced global warming potential
|Jan 16, 2002
|Jan 27, 2004
|Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
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|May 12, 2000
|Feb 10, 2004
|Paul V. Cooper
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|Feb 7, 2012
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|Dec 25, 2012
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|May 14, 2013
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|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
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|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Transfer well system and method for making same
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|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
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|Dec 21, 2012
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|Tension device graphite component used in molten metal
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|Threaded tensioning device
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|Vessel transfer insert and system
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|Feb 14, 2017
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|Molten metal transfer system and rotor
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|Feb 28, 2017
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
|Vessel transfer insert and system
|Apr 15, 2015
|Mar 7, 2017
|Molten Metal Equipment Innovations, Llc
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|Molten metal transfer and degassing system
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|Rotary degassers and components therefor
|Mar 11, 2008
|Sep 17, 2009
|Frank Robert A
|Molten aluminum refining and gas dispersion system
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|Compact micro-porous media device for degassing molten metal
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|Sumitomo Light Metal Ind
|Vorrichtung zum behandeln von geschmolzenem metall
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|Pyrotek, Inc., Spoklane
|Aufbereitungs- und Gasverteilungssystem f�r geschmolzenes Aluminium
|Mar 26, 1980
|Oct 15, 1980
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Apparatus for refining molten aluminium
|Apr 16, 1981
|Oct 28, 1981
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Apparatus for refining molten metal
|Jun 11, 1981
|Dec 23, 1981
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Apparatus for refining molten metal
|Jul 5, 1982
|Jan 12, 1983
|Union Carbide Corporation
|Apparatus for refining molten metal
|Feb 16, 1984
|Apr 10, 1985
|Yokosuka Boat Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method and apparatus for solution of gas in liquid
|Feb 16, 1984
|May 7, 1986
|Yokosuka Boat Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method and apparatus for solution of gas in liquid
|Jan 23, 1985
|Aug 14, 1985
|Norsk Hydro A/S
|Method of and apparatus for treating and breaking up a liquid with the help of centripetal force
|Sep 17, 1990
|Mar 27, 1991
|Pechiney Rhenalu
|Apparatus for treating a static aluminium bath of large surface area using gases
|Feb 18, 1992
|Sep 22, 1993
|Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation
|Improved gas dispersion apparatus for molten aluminum refining
|Feb 28, 1991
|Sep 19, 1991
|Alcan International Limited
|Recycling of metal matrix composites
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|Jul 8, 1999
|Alcan International Limited
|Injector for gas treatment of molten metals
|Aug 25, 2005
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|System of gas and/or gas and powders injection in liquid metals throough rotary refractory lance
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|Pyrotek, Inc.
|Molten aluminum refining and gas dispersion system
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|Pyrotek, Inc.
|Molten aluminum refining and gas dispersion system
|U.S. Classification
|266/225, 75/680
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 26, 1989
Owner name: UNION CARBIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES TECHNOLOGY CORPORAT
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNION CARBIDE INDUSTRIAL GASES INC.;REEL/FRAME:005271/0177
Effective date: 19891220
|Oct 8, 1986
Owner name: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION,
Free format text: RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY;ASSIGNOR:MORGAN BANK (DELAWARE) AS COLLATERAL AGENT;REEL/FRAME:004665/0131
Effective date: 19860925
|Jan 9, 1986
Owner name: MORGAN GUARANTY TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, AND MOR
Free format text: MORTGAGE;ASSIGNORS:UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A CORP.,;STP CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.,;UNION CARBIDE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS CO., INC., A CORP. OF PA.,;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004547/0001
Effective date: 19860106


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Body Dropped 1981 Chevrolet c10
shaved, suicide hood and pass door...whole rear end shaved w/ led's, bed floor raised. Changed the front end over to a 85-87grille, BDropped, 22 in Racelines,Tires and wheels have less than 150 miles since being put on. Full custom interior, hand rolled and formed dash, custom audio system, sliding rag top., 350 bored .30over, ceramic coated headers, Slosh Tubs, alum radiator, electric fans, train horns. Lots of chrome and aftermarket goodies in the engine. Have engine driven as well as 2 viair 480's that work together.
tukntrucks.com © 2013 |


text:
Ah summer. It's coming. We've had a few of those amazingly beautiful spring days and I'm in heaven. I didn't realize how down I was with the winter blues until the beautiful spring came and rescued me.
One of my goals on the 50 in 500 list is to run a 5k (with Joe). It looks like we won't be able to run one together--too busy and our conflicting schedules make training together a challenge. So I'm revising that goal a bit.
So far so good with the training. We've been running 3 days a week for over a month now (except one week, which ended up being two days). The weather is improving and we are loving it. A few tips for those of you thinking of learning to run:
- Start slow. We're following this schedule.
- Drink lots of water, stretch
- Have a running partner (preferably not a spouse...I'm more accountable to a friend than a spouse. I'll just say to Joe -- lets snuggle on the couch & watch TV!)
- Switch it up -- run different routes. Running on a trail by the river is, for me, much more enjoyable than running in the neighborhood. And running on the treadmill is easier than outside so occasional treadmill runs make us feel like running rockstars (but we're not...)
- Hang in there. You'll be amazed how your endurance will build up.
- Have fun!


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Monday, February 27, 2012
There's No "Me" in "Melody Time" … Oh, Wait …
Disney's Tenth Animated Feature – 1948
Melody Time is a package film in the style of Make Mine Music: seven different shorts that rely on songs and rhyme to tell their tales. Like the package films before it, the shorts of Melody Time vary in appeal. It's fair to say that the Disney name brings with it a level of quality, even excellence that's undeniable. Any complaints or criticisms are more a reflection of changing tastes, attitudes, and cultural shifts. And like other older package films, Melody Time inspires its share of smiles, adoring glances, and quizzical, sidelong looks.
Blame it on the Samba, starring Donald Duck, Joe Carioca, Ethel Smith and the Dinning Sisters is an obvious leftover from The Three Caballeros, but so what? It's charming and wonderfully bizarre, featuring the very real organist Ethel Smith who plays one mean samba organ, and how many of us can claim that? The scene begins as a cocktail, a concoction created in a snifter, so the scene is (rather absurdly) set underwater. Ethel Smith just plays away, as a few animated bubbles float by. Joe Carioca and Donald Duck dance, then are spirited away to a painted jungle for more surreal imagery as Ethel plays animated congas. It's a wonderful and wacky interlude, but honestly, nothing you haven't seen already in The Three Caballeros. In its own way, it's as politically incorrect by today's standards as the references to religion in Trees and Johnny Appleseed. Can you imagine Pixar creating a cartoon where characters get drunk and hallucinate? Me neither.
Pecos Bill is narrated by Roy Rogers (and his horse Trigger!) accompanied by the tuneful Sons of the Pioneers. It's a charming campfire story, creating an all-encompassing origin story that "explains" the old west, from the Painted Desert to the Rio Grande (Pecos Bill is responsible for both, of course!).
At the end of the day, Melody Time is a better time capsule of 1948 than transferable, modern entertainment. There's nothing particularly wrong with it, but it's not especially inspired, either. Those moments that soar—like Bumble Boogie and Blame it on the Samba—were better handled in earlier films. Not everything can be a home run. But cheer up. The 1950's are almost here. They'll begin with Cinderella, end with Sleeping Beauty, and feature a slate of winners in between; and not a moment too soon.
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Hi! I didn't intend to be silent for so long. Things have been hectic here which I guess is the new normal. I'll figure it out. There comes a point every day where bedtime seems way too far off and the immediate now is a struggle because gosh the day is long. Tea, coffee, coffee,…
Chocolate Chip Protein Skillet Cookie
I've been keeping active in new to me ways now that Baby G is on the scene. 10 minutes here and there while he's playing I'll do a Sworkit which is great. I push myself to make sure I'm using the time wisely. If he decides to nap I'll do a longer workout with FitnessBlender…
Grilled Meatballs
Grilling season has begun over here and we are thrilled! Sure it is a lot of work since we grill pretty much everything in the house on one day but it is oh so worth it. No one needs prepackaged frozen dinners when we have all our proteins frozen from one day of meal prep….
Chocolate Mint Cookies
Girl Scout* Cookie Season. Back in the day I could demolish a box of Thin Mints no problem. This year they offered 2 different Gluten Free Cookies but not every troop got the opportunity to sell them. What fascinates me is they didn't de-gluten any of their already popular cookie flavors, they created a new cookie Toffee-tastic….
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