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Re: Information on Letitia's Manor
In reply to:
Information on Letitia's Manor
Robert Craig 5/13/01
While there may be more specific information somewhere I can recommend the series of books, NEW CASTLE CNTY, DE LAND RECORDS by Carol Bryant and by Carol Garrett published by FamilyLine Publications (now WillowBend Books), Westminster, MD. As a for instance:
(from the volume covering 1673-1710)
Deed: On 17 Aug 1702.James LOGAN of Philadelphia to John GREGG of the cnty of New Castle, yeoman. Whereas the Honorable William PENN, esq, Governor in this province to the same belonging by a grant or patent under his hand dated 23 Oct 1701 for the considerations mentioned granted to his only dtr, Letitia PENN, a tract of land called Manor of Staining, situated on the south side of Brandywine Creek by Burroughs Run containing 15,500 acres. Whereas Letitia PENN by her letter of attorney dated 31 Oct 1701 did appoint Edward PENNINGTON of Philadelhia, gent (since deceased), & me the sd James LOGAN jointly her attorneys giving us the power to give, grant & sell to such persons & upon such terms as her attorneys should seem met, all her manor's lands. Now James LOGAN for £40 granted to John GREGG a tract of land part of the Manor aforesaid containing 200 acres, & John GREGG to pay 2 silver shillings yearly to said James LOGAN on behalf of Letitia PENN on 01 Mar in the town of Chester. Signed: James LOGAN. Delivered in the presence of Jacob TAYLOR & Thomas GREY. James LOGAN has appointed George HOGG my attorney to acknowledge this deed in the county court in New Castle. Signed: James LOGAN. Delieverd in the presence of Jacob TAYLOR & Thomas GREY. Recorded May 1705.(B2:319)
More Replies:
Re: Information on Letitia's Manor
Robert Craig 12/28/12


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It is no surprise that pumpkins make some of the best DIY home decor ideas for 34 Pumpkin Decorations For Fall - Pumpkin Succulent Harvest Decoration.
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Pumpkin succulent harvest decoration - tourLeave a Reply Cancel reply. NOTE: The succulents will attract water from their leaves and send out roots to the moss from the other parts of their stems. Leave this field empty. Pinterest is using cookies to help give you the best experience we can. Orange with Holly Hollingsworth Phillips! Mist twice weekly with plain tap water. This is so beautiful and amazing in fact the color is awesome. They would do well with a dose of daily morning sun, too!
Use a clear crafts gel to glue cuttings and seedpods to the moss, "pumpkin succulent harvest decoration". Enjoy this tutorial and get your pumpkins now before they are all gone from the stores and pumpkin patches! Design by Flower Duet. Pumpkin Succulent Planter Care Tips. Thanks for being normal!! Best Friends for […] Reply. A winter white table top with silver vases, mercury glass candlesticks and silver charger plates can be easily transformed into a Hanukkah table with the addition of blue vases, blue marbles and blue napkins. DIY Joy on Pinterest. Steps to Make a Pumpkin Succulent Planter. Tray of Assorted Succulent Plants — Two-inch pots are good candidates for this design as well as cuttings from larger plants like and camping wondering camp. I adored your garden this summer at the Fling…and one of these days, I will finally write about all of the gardens. SIgn Up For Our FREE Newsletter! The mini pumpkins are perfect for a table centerpiece, and we love the idea of painting them different shades of dusty articles student login records ohio schools spark. Begin by prepping your work space. When imagining a fall display for our dining room table, I knew I wanted to include lots of varieties of pumpkins, and I also wanted to bring in some green plants. Create the right conditions for growing exotic-looking hardy succulents outdoors in an garden, anywhere in the country.
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Add a flag inside this small silver mercury glass votive candle holder floral design for an individual place card setting. Craft Glue — Use the spray glue to attach the moss to the pumpkin and the tacky glue to attach the succulents to the moss. No one has shared their photo yet. Nearing Place holiday ideas fall tablescape. Steps to Make a Pumpkin Succulent Planter. Register for these classes through cnreports.info. All you need are household items like bottles or candlesticks and some spray paint to make a simple statement piece.
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Truett-McConnell College project management
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Get the facts about Truett-McConnell College project management, and registering for discussion sections. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? Qualifications for management positions vary considerably. Learn more about accredited business degree programs, and certificate courses that can lead to an in-house promotion. Concentrating on Truett-McConnell College project management, for example, you may gain an advantage in corporate recruiting being done on-campus. Check with the PMP certificate department for course registration deadlines, and project management program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Truett-McConnell College.
There are a variety of approaches to project management. Critical chain management (CCPM) puts more emphasis on the resources required to execute tasks, while event chain methodology focuses on managing events that will affect scheduling. Regardless of the method you choose, the Small Business Administration advises listing out specific project objectives, create a working timeline of both materials and personnel, and monitor all required costs as the project proceeds. Project control means keeping on-track, on-time, and under budget.
A project manager, therefore, is responsible for determining project requirements, and managing all elements of the task. Project management software is available that will help to organize both yourself and your team. Depending on the sophistication of the software, it may include estimating and cost control, decision-making trees, and a workflow analysis. Over the course of any project, the requirements may change mid-stream, without prior notice. Changes can be the result of necessary design modifications, altered site conditions, material availability or lack thereof. Finally, a formal, compliance-based audit may be conducted by upper management after completion. Beyond major requirements within the PMP certificate department, you may consider Regis College auditing courses as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
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Women and The Magical Other – Pt 2
As I sat and thought about today's post I realised that I wasn't really talking about men or women, I was talking about love – Romantic Love. It is the relationship that is magical. Robert A. Johnson has clearly defined this in the introduction of his book, WE:
"Romantic love is the single greatest energy system in the Western psyche. In our culture it has supplanted religion as the arena in which men and women seek meaning, transcendence, wholeness, and ecstasy. . . . Romantic love is not just a form of "love," it is a whole psychological package – a combination of beliefs, ideals, attitudes, and expectations." (p. xi)
For the most part, this is what I believed, after all, like almost everyone else, I fell in love and that became my life, the centre of my life, my foundation.
"When we fall "in love" we believe we have found the ultimate meaning of life, revealed in the form of another human being. We feel we are finally completed, that we have found the missing parts of ourselves. Life suddenly seems to have a wholeness . . . " (p. xii)
It was amazing for me. I had met a young woman only one year younger than myself who was beautiful and had that magical quality that gripped me, possessed me. By some grace of the gods and goddesses, I became a magical other for this young woman. Three hours after we met I proposed to her and she accepted. The emptiness and meaningless of life disappeared, was sent to some far corner of the universe and bound up with chains and locks, tucked into a dark closet from which escape seemed impossible. There was no questioning of what had just happened. We believed and that was all that mattered. Then life happened.
I fell in love with her and she fell in love with me. Two strangers from different cultures, even different parts of the country, were held captive by the magic of Eros, that god who represents desire, that yearning for someone that evokes life energy. Two strangers met and joined. We thought we knew each other; not the surface knowing, but a deeper knowledge. "When we abandon ourselves to the power of Eros, all previous points of reference are impaired or swept away." Aldo Carotenuto tells it like it was for both of us in his book, Eros and Pathos. For both of us, all our guards and protections had fallen away leaving us stunned with the power of Eros that coursed through our veins.
And so began, for both of us, the journey of a man and a woman who had discovered in the eyes of the other, a magical other.


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Armitage & Cumberbatch Get Into Character for 'The Hobbit: Desolation of Smaug'
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The Hobbit: Desolation of Smaug stars Richard Armitage, Benedict Cumberbatch & Luke Evans discuss working on the second chapter of director Peter Jackson's trilogy.
COMIC REEL: "Amazing Spider-Man 2" Trailer Commentary; "X-Men: Apocalypse" in 2016
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"Amazing Spider-Man 2" director & cast go through the trailer; Singer announces "X-Men: Apocalypse"; plus, "Arrow" and more.
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Gal Gadot is "Batman/Superman's" Wonder Woman; "Amazing Spider-Man 2" trailer teases future villains & more.
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New clips and quotes on Barry Allen's "Arrow" debut; Rob Liefeld sounds off on "X-Force" script; Affleck on "Batman/Superman" & more.
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St. Elizabeth Seton
We are a spirit-filled Catholic Community of faith-centered people dedicated to the growth of God's Kingdom and the living of the Gospel. We proclaim the Good News of Salvation to all by living a life of faith and loving concern for all our sisters and brothers.
Pastoral Planning Process
Dear Parishioners of St. Elizabeth Seton Parish,
For the last year or so, all parishes in the Diocese have been participating in a pastoral planning process, arising out of Synod 2014, building on the good works already present, responding to challenges to be addressed, and laying out a roadmap for parish vitality. Members of our parish Planning Task Force have identified priorities on which the parish will focus in the coming two years.
Synod 2014 identified five pastoral challenges areas: Liturgy and Worship, Family Life, Evangelization, Leadership, and Catechesis and Education. In addition, Bishop Caggiano asked each parish to look at the following three administrative areas: Finances, Buildings and Facilities, and Community Life. Parishes were asked to choose two of the five pastoral challenge areas, and one the three administrative areas.
The priorities areas, rationale and action steps, identified by the Planning Task Force, and approved by Bishop Caggiano are found on the following pages. Read the entire letter...
Parish Membership
If you are not already a parishioner here at St. Elizabeth Seton, we invite you to join our parish family. Anyone wishing to join the parish should complete a Parish census form which can be downloaded here... or picked up from the table in the back of the church. Then call the office to make an appointment to be personally welcomed by our Pastor, Father Joseph A. Prince. One must be an active, registered parishioner to receive an eligibility certificate to act as a sponsor for Baptism or Confirmation. Please notify the office if you move and/or change your telephone number. If you are using the downloaded form - be sure to save it and print it out.


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Entry tags:
Silly Blanks 47
Last week's story: "While Playing the latest game, I unlocked the every so manly "Adjective Noun" costume!"
Your gracious host, Trucy, runs a weekly magic show. To get the audience pumped up before the show, Trucy begins with a simple trick - a short mad libs story, a bit of magic, a couple of cards, and voila: free stuff! You might also be entertained, but no guarantees.
Trucy needs help deciding what her story will be about; however, it's funnier if the audience doesn't know until afterward, so you'll just have to submit your cards and see what happens at the end of the round. Help her fill out the major details by submitting deck names to fill in the blanks of her story idea. To thank you for your help, if you put the right cards into Trucy's magic panties, they'll magically turn into new cards!
|❥ Basic: Deck name is a Verb
❥ Bonus: Card contains an activity you enjoy (even if its breathing.)
|❥ Basic: Deck name is a Verb
❥ Bonus: Series is within the last 10 years
You'll lose the cards you turn in, but for each basic requirement you fulfill, you will receive 3 random cards. Fulfilling the bonus, as well (i.e. turning in a noun with the letter X), will net you 1 random card each, for a possible total reward of 8 random cards!
Good luck! This round will remain open until Tuesday, April 11th!


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List of errors after upgrade to new version.
Here are the problems I am facing with my site called http://www.sme-world.com.
1. Sometimes can't click on the "visual" button so stays in text. Also happens in reverse.
2. Sometimes I lose tags and can't add any but they later show up in the post.
3. Image uploader reverts back to the old style when these problems occur.
4. In the focus keyword section it cant seem to recognise what I type sometimes whether my text matches or not.
5. As the problem occurs, when I try to hyperlink a word/phrase, it only gives me a Chrome window (with no options except to add the URL) instead of the WordPress window with many options to add the URL along with linking to another tab or previous URL's etc.
Thanks for helping me fix and or learn how to fix these issues.
- The topic 'List of errors after upgrade to new version.' is closed to new replies.


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Take a look at this list of the top colleges for veterans that are focused on delivering an education in Engineering and that are successful at it.
Due to lack of data, we couldn't rank every college that offers Engineering. To see a full list of all the colleges offering this program check out our listing of Annual Graduates. To see a list of all the colleges that offer online degree options in Engineering, check out our listing of Annual Engineering Graduates From Programs Offered Online.
Kingston, Rhode Island
Providence, Rhode Island
Providence, Rhode Island
Have you chosen the major that best aligns with your natural strengths and interests?Not Sure? Try Major Matcher


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Help FamiliesRead more about the STEPS organization and how you can help.
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Come visit us at Helitech International 2017!
ECC is for the first time attending one of the largest trade fairs for helicopters in Europe and will be demonstrating its Landing Zone World (LZ World) mobile application. LZ World provides a digital overview of known landing zones and obstacles in Norway. This contributes to safer landing in any weather conditions.
LZ North APP launched on behalf of The Air Ambulance Services of Norway
On behalf of Luftambulansetjenesten HF, ECC have developed and launched a new mobile application that provide features like high resolution maps, detailed information on each landing zone and high resolution photos of each landing zones.
Renewal of the PRIMAR operations service agreement signed
The Norwegian Mapping Authority, Hydrographic Service and Electronic Chart Centre AS sign the PRIMAR operations services agreement
ECC Mapping solutions - Watch our new promotion video!
How can we help? See our new funny promo video to discover some of the endless possibilities using our Maplytic solution
ECC is a state-owned company providing a niche centre of expertise for the collection, quality management and distribution of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) globally.
We provide tools and services to make ENCs and associated information available in the most efficient manner to ships, pilots, vessel traffic services, governments and others.
Our vision is to contribute to greater safety, lower costs, increased user friendliness and enhanced efficiency at sea.


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The busy flock of students filled the hall, and evaporated just as quickly. The only soul left was Matthew. He climbed the first flight of stairs and stopped at the landing, gazing out at the green fields that stretched beyond the schools perimeter.
His phone buzzed…
Matthew dug into his pockets and retrieved his phone with trembling hands.
Another message had been left by Mr. A. It said:
'Another will die today,
dark hair, blue eyes,
Matthew slumped against the wall and let out a silent wail. Another day, another victim. He had no choice but to continue Mr. A's manhunt. He was the man within the shadows, beyond the reach of human grasp, inside the darkest corners of the sub-conscious.
Matthew glanced again at his phone, where no messages had appeared. In fact, there were never any messages in the first place. But Matthew had been touched by Mr. A, and he had to finish his work. He retrieved the knife from his schoolbag, and went out in search of his target.
Inspired by the Creative Writing Ink Prompt. For more great pieces of fiction check out the competition site!


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filmmaking, ladyofletters34, london film school, london i quite like you, production assistant, runner tips
Dear viewer,
Last week I spent three days down in London volunteering as a production assistant on the short film The Door. This is only one in a whole series of films themed around the big smoke entitled, London, I Quite Like You. It was hard work, long hours and lots of fun!
My role as Production Assistant and Runner was basically to wait patiently until someone asked me to do something, and then do it. I did a lot of carrying bags and equipment, fetching things for people, and (most importantly) providing meals, drinks and snacks for the fifteen-plus cast and crew each day.
This was my first time working on a film set which wasn't 'my' production and with people I didn't know, so I thought I'd put together a few of my observations for any would-be runners out there.
- It's not what you do, it's what you learn.
In all honesty, when you work as a runner, production assistant or other helper, you're probably not going to be doing anything really exciting. All the things I was doing on set was stuff I already knew how to do (like buying food and making tea). What I learned, I learned from observing. So if you are working on a film set, don't switch off when no one's given you a task to do; be watching the director, assistant director, DOP, camera operators etc to get a feel of the different roles on set and how they interact.
2. Ask questions!
Hopefully, you'll be working on set with a lot of friendly (and knowledgeable) people like I was. Use your time effectively and mine the cast of the crew for stories, advice and hints. Obviously, don't be annoying about this and ask the Director of Photography how to turn a camera on when he's in the middle of setting up a shot in the rain and you're running an hour behind schedule. But, most of the time, people are happy to answer polite and sensible questions, because it shows you think they're smart.
3. The director is the most chill person on set…
They may be dying inside, but the director must stay calm at all times. Even when the production is running late, the camera's just run out of battery and two of the actors have just fainted. The moment the crew sense a whiff of panic, there will be riots. Riots, I tell you.
4. …and the assistant director is the least chill person on set
It's the job of the assistant director (or AD) to keep filming running to schedule and manage the organisation aspects of shooting. This is an impossible task. I have never been on a film set yet where filming ran to schedule (well, apart from Elinor and Marianne Take Barton and that was a very special production). Luckily, on The Door we had a very lovely and very capable AD who kept everything moving without needing to raise her voice too often.
5. Make good tea and coffee
This is a must for any wannabe runner. If, like me, you don't drink tea and coffee, practice before the shoot. People who prove themselves capable of making good hot beverages will be beloved by everyone.
Pro tip – make sure the cup is at a reasonably drinkable temperature before you give it to them. On set, everyone is very busy, so if they can't drink it straight away they will put it down somewhere and they will forget about it. And guess who'll have to go around at the end of the shoot and pick up all those cold cups of tea? That's right, you.
6. Bring something to do
It's inevitable that at some points you'll have to wait away from the set – at the production base, watching equipment or waiting to pick up a member of cast or crew. It's vital to bring something light and portable to keep yourself entertained. I mean, you could just scroll mindlessly through Facebook, but how much more interesting would it be to teach yourself another language using a Duolingo app or read a book?
I can't wait to go to the Wrap Party and watch the screening of the final film! If you have any tips or stories about being a runner on set, let me know in the comments below.
Yours filmically,
xoxo Emily
All images owned by me


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Ted Allen's 9 Top Tips for Hosting an Easy, Enjoyable Thanksgiving
The Chopped host shares some of his best ideas for hosting a memorable turkey day feast.
Photo By: Susan Magnano
Photo By: Julia_Sudnitskaya ©Julia_Sudnitskaya
Photo By: Matt Armendariz ©2015
Photo By: JMichl ©JMichl
Photo By: shironosov ©shironosov
Photo By: Jackie Alpers
Photo By: Matt Armendariz ©2014, Television Food Network, G.P. All Rights Reserved
Chatting with Ted
Plan Ahead
Consider the Turkey
Get the Recipe: Tuscan Turkey Roulade
Defrost the Turkey
Let Dressing Save the Day
Get the Recipe: Sage, Sausage and Apple Dressing
Experiment ... a Little
Get the Recipe: Orange-Cranberry-Pear Relish
Have a "Friend Thanksgiving"
Opt for Contrasting Flavors
Get the Recipe: Fresh Refrigerator Pickles: Cauliflower, Carrots, Cukes, You Name It
Change Up the Drinks
See More Photos: 11 Ways to Flavor Plain Iced Tea
Plan for Leftovers
See More Photos: Best Thanksgiving Leftover Recipes
Welcome to Thanksgiving Central
More: Thanksgiving


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This property has been removed by the agent. It may be let or temporarily removed from the market
Property Description
Letting information:
|Added on Rightmove:
|24 November 2016 (302 days ago)
Key features
- Gas central heating
- Furnished rooms
- Bills included
- Sky TV package
- Double glazing
- Double bedroom
- Non-ensuite
- All bills included
- Modern decoration
- Garden
Full description
Situated in a popular residential area within walking distance of town.
The bedroom and all living spaces are finished to a very high specification with luxurious fixtures and fittings. The property benefits from fast broadband. Also included in the rent: council tax, water, gas, electric, broadband and SKY TV.
A charge of £36 (inclusive of VAT) per adult applicant is payable for carrying out a referencing service. Guarantor fees, if applicable, will be £90 per guarantor (inclusive of VAT). A security deposit of £425 is required in advance.
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Property reference 100455000504. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Mint Homes, Kendal.
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Colors in Nature
Students investigate the presence of primary and secondary colors in nature. There are seven lessons included culminating with a field trip. Adaptation ideas, assessment tools, and focus questions are included in each lesson.
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
[SJR: 0.992] [H-I: 87] [5 followers] Follow
Hybrid journal (It can contain Open Access articles)
ISSN (Print) 1572-9699 - ISSN (Online) 0003-6072
Published by Springer-Verlag [2353 journals]
- Special Issue: the 3rd meeting of the Bergey's International Society for
Microbial Systematics (BISMIS)
- Authors: Brian P. Hedlund; Iain C. Sutcliffe; Martha E. Trujillo
Pages: 1245 - 1246
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0935-2
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Brian P. Hedlund; Iain C. Sutcliffe; Martha E. Trujillo
- The value of cultures to modern microbiology
- Authors: Brian Austin
Pages: 1247 - 1256
Abstract: Abstract Since the late nineteenth century, pure cultures have been regarded as the cornerstone of bacteriology. However, not all bacteria will multiply sufficiently to produce visible colonies on solid media; some cells will produce micro-colonies that are invisible to the naked eye. Moreover, the proportion of culturable cells that produce visible growth will vary according to the species and the state of the cells—are they actively growing or comparatively inactive' The latter have a poorer rate of recovery in terms of cultivability. It is unclear whether or not an individual colony is always derived from a single cell; it is possible that organisms in close proximity to each other may multiply and come together to produce single colonies. Then, the resultant growth will most certainly be derived from more than one initial cell. Although it is generally assumed that streaking and re-streaking on fresh media will purify any culture, there is evidence for microbial consortia interacting to form what appear to be single pure cultures. As so-called pure cultures underpin traditional microbiology, it is relevant to understand that the culture does not necessarily contain clones of identical bacteria, but that there may be variation in the genetic potential of the component cells, i.e. the cells are not homogeneous. Certainly, many bacteria change rapidly upon culturing, with some becoming bigger and less active. It is difficult to be sure if these changes reflect a loss or change of DNA or whether standard culturing methods select faster growing cells that are effectively not representative of the environment from which they were derived. These concepts are reviewed with an emphasis on bacterial fish pathogens.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0840-8
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Brian Austin
- The current status of cyanobacterial nomenclature under the
"prokaryotic" and the "botanical" code
- Authors: Aharon Oren; Stefano Ventura
Pages: 1257 - 1269
Abstract: Abstract Cyanobacterial taxonomy developed in the botanical world because Cyanobacteria/Cyanophyta have traditionally been identified as algae. However, they possess a prokaryotic cell structure, and phylogenetically they belong to the Bacteria. This caused nomenclature problems as the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN; the "Botanical Code") differ from those of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP; the "Prokaryotic Code"). While the ICN recognises names validly published under the ICNP, Article 45(1) of the ICN has not yet been reciprocated in the ICNP. Different solutions have been proposed to solve the current problems. In 2012 a Special Committee on the harmonisation of the nomenclature of Cyanobacteria was appointed, but its activity has been minimal. Two opposing proposals to regulate cyanobacterial nomenclature were recently submitted, one calling for deletion of the cyanobacteria from the groups of organisms whose nomenclature is regulated by the ICNP, the second to consistently apply the rules of the ICNP to all cyanobacteria. Following a general overview of the current status of cyanobacterial nomenclature under the two codes we present five case studies of genera for which nomenclatural aspects have been discussed in recent years: Microcystis, Planktothrix, Halothece, Gloeobacter and Nostoc.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0848-0
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Aharon Oren; Stefano Ventura
- A proposal for a portal to make earth's microbial diversity easily
accessible and searchable
- Authors: Boris A. Vinatzer; Long Tian; Lenwood S. Heath
Pages: 1271 - 1279
Abstract: Abstract Estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 107 to 1012. At the pace at which descriptions of new species are currently being published, the description of all bacterial species on earth will only be completed in thousands of years. However, even if one day all species were named and described, these names and descriptions would still be of little practical value unless they could be easily searched and accessed, so that novel strains could be easily identified as members of any of these species. To complicate the situation further, many of the currently known species contain significant genotypic and phenotypic diversity that would still be missed if description of microbial diversity were limited to species. The solution to this problem could be a database in which every bacterial species and every intra-specific group is anchored to a genome-similarity framework. This ideal database should be searchable using complete or partial genome sequences as well as phenotypes. Moreover, the database should include functions to easily add newly sequenced novel strains, automatically place them into the genome-similarity framework, identify them as members of an already named species, or tag them as members of yet to be described species or new intra-specific groups. Here, we propose the means to develop such a database by taking advantage of the concept of genome sequence similarity-based codes, called Life Identification Numbers or LINs.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0849-z
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Boris A. Vinatzer; Long Tian; Lenwood S. Heath
- A large-scale evaluation of algorithms to calculate average nucleotide
- Authors: Seok-Hwan Yoon; Sung-min Ha; Jeongmin Lim; Soonjae Kwon; Jongsik Chun
Pages: 1281 - 1286
Abstract: Abstract Average nucleotide identity (ANI) is a category of computational analysis that can be used to define species boundaries of Archaea and Bacteria. Calculating ANI usually involves the fragmentation of genome sequences, followed by nucleotide sequence search, alignment, and identity calculation. The original algorithm to calculate ANI used the BLAST program as its search engine. An improved ANI algorithm, called OrthoANI, was developed to accommodate the concept of orthology. Here, we compared four algorithms to compute ANI, namely ANIb (ANI algorithm using BLAST), ANIm (ANI using MUMmer), OrthoANIb (OrthoANI using BLAST) and OrthoANIu (OrthoANI using USEARCH) using >100,000 pairs of genomes with various genome sizes. By comparing values to the ANIb that is considered a standard, OrthoANIb and OrthoANIu exhibited good correlation in the whole range of ANI values. ANIm showed poor correlation for ANI of <90%. ANIm and OrthoANIu runs faster than ANIb by an order of magnitude. When genomes that are larger than 7 Mbp were analysed, the run-times of ANIm and OrthoANIu were shorter than that of ANIb by 53- and 22-fold, respectively. In conclusion, ANI calculation can be greatly sped up by the OrthoANIu method without losing accuracy. A web-service that can be used to calculate OrthoANIu between a pair of genome sequences is available at http://www.ezbiocloud.net/tools/ani. For large-scale calculation and integration in bioinformatics pipelines, a standalone JAVA program is available for download at http://www.ezbiocloud.net/tools/orthoaniu.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0844-4
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Seok-Hwan Yoon; Sung-min Ha; Jeongmin Lim; Soonjae Kwon; Jongsik Chun
- Phylogenomic resolution of the bacterial genus Pantoea and its
relationship with Erwinia and Tatumella
- Authors: Marike Palmer; Emma T. Steenkamp; Martin P. A. Coetzee; Wai-Yin Chan; Elritha van Zyl; Pieter De Maayer; Teresa A. Coutinho; Jochen Blom; Theo H. M. Smits; Brion Duffy; Stephanus N. Venter
Pages: 1287 - 1309
Abstract: Abstract Investigation of the evolutionary relationships between related bacterial species and genera with a variety of lifestyles have gained popularity in recent years. For analysing the evolution of specific traits, however, a robust phylogeny is essential. In this study we examined the evolutionary relationships among the closely related genera Erwinia, Tatumella and Pantoea, and also attempted to resolve the species relationships within Pantoea. To accomplish this, we used the whole genome sequence data for 35 different strains belonging to these three genera, as well as nine outgroup taxa. Multigene datasets consisting of the 1039 genes shared by these 44 strains were then generated and subjected to maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses, after which the results were compared to those using conventional multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) and ribosomal MLSA (rMLSA) approaches. The robustness of the respective phylogenies was then explored by considering the factors typically responsible for destabilizing phylogenetic trees. We found that the nucleotide datasets employed in the MLSA, rMLSA and 1039-gene datasets contained significant levels of homoplasy, substitution saturation and differential codon usage, all of which likely gave rise to the observed lineage specific rate heterogeneity. The effects of these factors were much less pronounced in the amino acid dataset for the 1039 genes, which allowed reconstruction of a fully supported and resolved phylogeny. The robustness of this amino acid tree was also supported by different subsets of the 1039 genes. In contrast to the smaller datasets (MLSA and rMLSA), the 1039 amino acid tree was also not as sensitive to long-branch attraction. The robust and well-supported evolutionary hypothesis for the three genera, which confidently resolved their various inter- and intrageneric relationships, represents a valuable resource for future studies. It will form the basis for studies aiming to understand the forces driving the divergence and maintenance of lineages, species and biological traits in this important group of bacteria.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0852-4
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Marike Palmer; Emma T. Steenkamp; Martin P. A. Coetzee; Wai-Yin Chan; Elritha van Zyl; Pieter De Maayer; Teresa A. Coutinho; Jochen Blom; Theo H. M. Smits; Brion Duffy; Stephanus N. Venter
- Practically delineating bacterial species with genealogical concordance
- Authors: Stephanus N. Venter; Marike Palmer; Chrizelle W. Beukes; Wai-Yin Chan; Giyoon Shin; Elritha van Zyl; Tarren Seale; Teresa A. Coutinho; Emma T. Steenkamp
Pages: 1311 - 1325
Abstract: Abstract Bacterial species are commonly defined by applying a set of predetermined criteria, including DNA–DNA hybridization values, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, phenotypic data as well as genome-based criteria such as average nucleotide identity or digital DNA-DNA hybridization. These criteria mostly allow for the delimitation of taxa that resemble typical bacterial species. Their application is often complicated when the objective is to delineate new species that are characterized by significant population-level diversity or recent speciation. However, we believe that these complexities and limitations can be easily circumvented by recognizing that bacterial species represent unique and exclusive assemblages of diversity. Within such a framework, methods that account for the population processes involved in species evolution are used to infer species boundaries. A method such as genealogical concordance analysis is well suited to delineate a putative species. The existence of the new taxon is then interrogated using an array of traditional and genome-based characters. By making use of taxa in the genera Pantoea, Paraburkholderia and Escherichia we demonstrate in a step-wise process how genealogical concordance can be used to delimit a bacterial species. Genetic, phenotypic and biological criteria were used to provide independent lines of evidence for the existence of that taxon. Our six-step approach to species recognition is straightforward and applicable to bacterial species especially in the post-genomic era, with increased availability of whole genome sequences. In fact, our results indicated that a combined genome-based comparative and evolutionary approach would be the preferred alternative for delineating coherent bacterial taxa.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0869-8
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Stephanus N. Venter; Marike Palmer; Chrizelle W. Beukes; Wai-Yin Chan; Giyoon Shin; Elritha van Zyl; Tarren Seale; Teresa A. Coutinho; Emma T. Steenkamp
- The impact of culturomics on taxonomy in clinical microbiology
- Authors: Rita Abou Abdallah; Mamadou Beye; Awa Diop; Sofiane Bakour; Didier Raoult; Pierre-Edouard Fournier
Pages: 1327 - 1337
Abstract: Abstract Over the past decade, new culture methods coupled to genome and metagenome sequencing have enabled the number of isolated bacterial species with standing in nomenclature to rise to more than 15,000 whereas it was only 1791 in 1980. 'Culturomics', a new approach based on the diversification of culture conditions, has enabled the isolation of more than 1000 distinct human-associated bacterial species since 2012, including 247 new species. This strategy was demonstrated to be complementary to metagenome sequencing for the exhaustive study of the human microbiota and its roles in health and diseases. However, by identifying a large number of new bacterial species in a short time, culturomics has highlighted a need for taxonomic approaches adapted to clinical microbiology that would include the use of modern and reproducible tools, including high throughput genomic and proteomic analyses. Herein, we review the development of culturomics and genomics in the clinical microbiology field and their impact on bacterial taxonomy.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0871-1
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Rita Abou Abdallah; Mamadou Beye; Awa Diop; Sofiane Bakour; Didier Raoult; Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Changes in structure and function of bacterial communities during coconut
leaf vermicomposting
- Authors: Murali Gopal; Shrikant S. Bhute; Alka Gupta; S. R. Prabhu; George V. Thomas; William B. Whitman; Kamlesh Jangid
Pages: 1339 - 1355
Abstract: Abstract To understand bacterial community dynamics during the vermicomposting of lignin-rich coconut leaves using an indigenous isolate of an epigeic earthworm, Eudrilus sp., we employed amplicon-based pyrosequencing of the V1 to V3 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Total community DNA was isolated from two separate vermicomposting tanks in triplicate at four different stages of the process: pre-decomposition (15th day), initial vermicomposting (45th day), 50–70% vermicomposting (75th day) and mature vermicompost (105th day). Alpha diversity measurements revealed an increase in bacterial diversity till the 75th day, which then declined in the mature vermicompost. Beta diversity comparisons showed formation of distinct, stage-specific communities. In terms of relative abundance, the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, TM7 and WS3 groups increased until the 50–70% vermicomposting stage (p = 0.05). During the same time, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria decreased. In contrast, the levels of Firmicutes increased throughout the 105-day vermicomposting process. The distribution of the most abundant OTUs revealed that each stage of the vermicomposting process possessed its own unique microbiome. Predictions based on the OTUs present by PICRUSt suggested a functional shift in the microbiome during vermicomposting. Enzymes and pathways of lipid and lignin metabolism were predicted to be initially abundant, but by the end of the process, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and plant beneficial properties were enriched. The study revealed that bacterial communities undergo a continuous change throughout the vermicomposting process and that certain OTUs associated with specific stages could be targets for further improvements in the process.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0894-7
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Murali Gopal; Shrikant S. Bhute; Alka Gupta; S. R. Prabhu; George V. Thomas; William B. Whitman; Kamlesh Jangid
- Microbial taxonomy in the era of OMICS: application of DNA sequences,
computational tools and techniques
- Authors: Nitish Kumar Mahato; Vipin Gupta; Priya Singh; Rashmi Kumari; Helianthous Verma; Charu Tripathi; Pooja Rani; Anukriti Sharma; Nirjara Singhvi; Utkarsh Sood; Princy Hira; Puneet Kohli; Namita Nayyar; Akshita Puri; Abhay Bajaj; Roshan Kumar; Vivek Negi; Chandni Talwar; Himani Khurana; Shekhar Nagar; Monika Sharma; Harshita Mishra; Amit Kumar Singh; Gauri Dhingra; Ram Krishan Negi; Mallikarjun Shakarad; Yogendra Singh; Rup Lal
Pages: 1357 - 1371
Abstract: Abstract The current prokaryotic taxonomy classifies phenotypically and genotypically diverse microorganisms using a polyphasic approach. With advances in the next-generation sequencing technologies and computational tools for analysis of genomes, the traditional polyphasic method is complemented with genomic data to delineate and classify bacterial genera and species as an alternative to cumbersome and error-prone laboratory tests. This review discusses the applications of sequence-based tools and techniques for bacterial classification and provides a scheme for more robust and reproducible bacterial classification based on genomic data. The present review highlights promising tools and techniques such as ortho-Average Nucleotide Identity, Genome to Genome Distance Calculator and Multi Locus Sequence Analysis, which can be validly employed for characterizing novel microorganisms and assessing phylogenetic relationships. In addition, the review discusses the possibility of employing metagenomic data to assess the phylogenetic associations of uncultured microorganisms. Through this article, we present a review of genomic approaches that can be included in the scheme of taxonomy of bacteria and archaea based on computational and in silico advances to boost the credibility of taxonomic classification in this genomic era.
PubDate: 2017-10-01
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0928-1
Issue No: Vol. 110, No. 10 (2017)
- Authors: Nitish Kumar Mahato; Vipin Gupta; Priya Singh; Rashmi Kumari; Helianthous Verma; Charu Tripathi; Pooja Rani; Anukriti Sharma; Nirjara Singhvi; Utkarsh Sood; Princy Hira; Puneet Kohli; Namita Nayyar; Akshita Puri; Abhay Bajaj; Roshan Kumar; Vivek Negi; Chandni Talwar; Himani Khurana; Shekhar Nagar; Monika Sharma; Harshita Mishra; Amit Kumar Singh; Gauri Dhingra; Ram Krishan Negi; Mallikarjun Shakarad; Yogendra Singh; Rup Lal
- Uliginosibacterium sangjuense sp. nov., isolated from sediment of the
Nakdong River
- Authors: Ji-Hye Han; Kiwoon Baek; Young-Hee Ahn; Wook Jae Lee; Mi-Hwa Lee
Abstract: Abstract A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile by flagella, and light yellow bacterium, designated SS1-76T, was isolated from sediment of the Nakdong River in Sangju-si, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolate SS1-76T belongs to the genus Uliginosibacterium of the family Rhodocyclaceae, exhibiting high sequence similarity with the type strains of Uliginosibacterium gangwonense 5YN10-9T (96.0%) and Uliginosibacterium paludis KBP-13T (94.9%). Strain SS1-76T contains ubiquinone-8 as a respiratory quinone and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), C16:0, and C14:0 as major fatty acids. The cellular polar lipids are composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 65.3 mol%. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic evidence clearly indicated that strain SS1-76T represents a novel species of the genus Uliginosibacterium, for which the name Uliginosibacterium sangjuense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SS1-76T (= KCTC 52159T = JCM 31375T).
PubDate: 2017-09-22
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0946-z
- Authors: Ji-Hye Han; Kiwoon Baek; Young-Hee Ahn; Wook Jae Lee; Mi-Hwa Lee
- Verrucosispora rhizosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from mangrove rhizosphere
- Authors: Qing-yi Xie; Xiao-dong Bao; Qing-yu Ma; Fan-dong Kong; Man-li Zhou; Bing Yan; You-xing Zhao
Abstract: Abstract An actinomycete strain, 2603PH03T, was isolated from a mangrove rhizosphere soil sample collected in Wenchang, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 2603PH03T indicated high similarity to Verrucosispora gifthornensis DSM 44337T (99.4%), Verrucosispora andamanensis (99.4%), Verrucosispora fiedleri MG-37T (99.4%) and Verrucosispora maris AB18-032T (99.4%). The cell wall was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and glycine. The major menaquinones were identified as MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8), with MK-9(H2), MK-10(H2), MK-9(H10) and MK-10(H6) as minor components. The characteristic whole cell sugars were found to be xylose and mannose. The phospholipid profile was found to contain phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and an unidentified phospholipid. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 70.1 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and low DNA-DNA relatedness readily distinguished the isolate from the closely related species. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 2603PH03T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Verrucosispora, for which the name Verrucosispora rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2603PH03T (=CCTCC AA 2016023T = DSM 45673T).
PubDate: 2017-09-22
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0933-4
- Authors: Qing-yi Xie; Xiao-dong Bao; Qing-yu Ma; Fan-dong Kong; Man-li Zhou; Bing Yan; You-xing Zhao
- Biodiversity and ecology of flower-associated actinomycetes in different
flowering stages of Protea repens
- Authors: Zander R. Human; Casparus J. Crous; Francois Roets; Stephanus N. Venter; Michael J. Wingfield; Z. Wilhelm de Beer
Abstract: Abstract Actinomycete bacteria have previously been reported from reproductive structures (infructescences) of Protea (sugarbush/suikerbos) species, a niche dominated by fungi in the genera Knoxdaviesia and Sporothrix. It is probable that these taxa have symbiotic interactions, but a lack of knowledge regarding their diversity and general ecology precludes their study. We determined the diversity of actinomycetes within Protea repens inflorescence buds, open inflorescences, young and mature infructescences, and leaf litter surrounding these trees. Since the P. repens habitat is fire-prone, we also considered the potential of these bacteria to recolonise infructescences after fire. Actinomycetes were largely absent from flower buds and inflorescences but were consistently present in young and mature infructescences. Two Streptomyces spp. were the most consistent taxa recovered, one of which was also routinely isolated from leaf litter. Lower colonisation rates were evident in samples from a recently burnt site. One of the most consistent taxa isolated from older trees in the unburnt site was absent from this site. Our findings show that P. repens has a distinct community of actinomycetes dominated by a few species. These communities change over time and infructescence developmental stage, season and the age of the host population. Mature infructescences appear to be important sources of inoculum for some of the actinomycetes, seemingly disrupted by fire. Increased fire frequency limiting maturation of P. repens infructescences could thus impact future actinomycete colonisation in the landscape. Streptomyces spp. are likely to share this niche with the ophiostomatoid fungi, which merits further study regarding their interactions and mode of transfer.
PubDate: 2017-09-21
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0942-3
- Authors: Zander R. Human; Casparus J. Crous; Francois Roets; Stephanus N. Venter; Michael J. Wingfield; Z. Wilhelm de Beer
- SParticle, an algorithm for the analysis of filamentous microorganisms in
submerged cultures
- Authors: Joost Willemse; Ferhat Büke; Dino van Dissel; Sanne Grevink; Dennis Claessen; Gilles P. van Wezel
Abstract: Abstract Streptomycetes are filamentous bacteria that produce a plethora of bioactive natural products and industrial enzymes. Their mycelial lifestyle typically results in high heterogeneity in bioreactors, with morphologies ranging from fragments and open mycelial mats to dense pellets. There is a strong correlation between morphology and production in submerged cultures, with small and open mycelia favouring enzyme production, while most antibiotics are produced mainly in pellets. Here we describe SParticle, a Streptomyces Particle analysis method that combines whole slide imaging with automated image analysis to characterize the morphology of submerged grown Streptomyces cultures. SParticle allows the analysis of over a thousand particles per hour, offering a high throughput method for the imaging and statistical analysis of mycelial morphologies. The software is available as a plugin for the open source software ImageJ and allows users to create custom filters for other microbes. Therefore, SParticle is a widely applicable tool for the analysis of filamentous microorganisms in submerged cultures.
PubDate: 2017-09-15
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0939-y
- Authors: Joost Willemse; Ferhat Büke; Dino van Dissel; Sanne Grevink; Dennis Claessen; Gilles P. van Wezel
- Plantactinospora solaniradicis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated
from the root of a tomato plant ( Solanum lycopersicum L.)
- Authors: Wenchao Li; Xiaowei Guo; Linlin Shi; Junwei Zhao; Liangliang Yan; Xiaotong Zhong; Chen Zhang; Yufei Chen; Xiangjing Wang; Wensheng Xiang
Abstract: Abstract A Gram-positive, non-motile actinomycete, designated strain NEAU-FJL1T, was isolated from tomato root (Solanum lycopersicum L.) collected from Harbin, Heilongjiang province, north China. The strain formed single spores with smooth surfaces from substrate mycelia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain NEAU-FJL1T should be affiliated with the genus Plantactinospora and forms a distinct branch with its close neighbour Plantactinospora soyae NEAU-gxj3T (99.2% sequence similarity). The cell wall was found to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and the whole cell sugars were identified as xylose, glucose, arabinose and galactose. The predominant menaquinones were identified as MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H4). The phospholipid profile was found to consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The major fatty acids were identified as C15:0, iso-C16:0, anteiso-C17:0, C17:0 and iso-C15:0. With reference to phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA–DNA hybridization results, strain NEAU-FJL1T can be distinguished from its most closely related strain and classified as a new species, for which the name Plantactinospora solaniradicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-FJL1T (= DSM 100596T = CGMCC 4.7284T).
PubDate: 2017-09-14
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0943-2
- Authors: Wenchao Li; Xiaowei Guo; Linlin Shi; Junwei Zhao; Liangliang Yan; Xiaotong Zhong; Chen Zhang; Yufei Chen; Xiangjing Wang; Wensheng Xiang
- Molecular diversity and phylogeny of indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum
strains associated with Trifolium repens plants in Romania
- Authors: Rodica C. Efrose; Craita M. Rosu; Catalina Stedel; Andrei Stefan; Culita Sirbu; Lucian D. Gorgan; Nikolaos E. Labrou; Emmanouil Flemetakis
Abstract: Abstract The symbiotic nitrogen fixing legumes play an essential role in sustainable agriculture. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is one of the most valuable perennial legumes in pastures and meadows of temperate regions. Despite its great agriculture and economic importance, there is no detailed available information on phylogenetic assignation and characterization of rhizobia associated with native white clover plants in South-Eastern Europe. In the present work, the diversity of indigenous white clover rhizobia originating in 11 different natural ecosystems in North-Eastern Romania were assessed by a polyphasic approach. Initial grouping showed that, 73 rhizobial isolates, representing seven distinct phenons were distributed into 12 genotypes, indicating a wide phenotypic and genotypic diversity among the isolates. To clarify their phylogeny, 44 representative strains were used in sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene and IGS fragments, three housekeeping genes (atpD, glnII and recA) and two symbiosis-related genes (nodA and nifH). Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) phylogeny based on concatenated housekeeping genes delineated the clover isolates into five putative genospecies. Despite their diverse chromosomal backgrounds, test strains shared highly similar symbiotic genes closely related to Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. Phylogenies inferred from housekeeping genes were incongruent with those of symbiotic genes, probably due to occurrence of lateral transfer events among native strains. This is the first polyphasic taxonomic study to report on the MLSA-based phylogenetic diversity of indigenous rhizobia nodulating white clover plants grown in various soil types in South-Eastern Europe. Our results provide valuable taxonomic data on native clover rhizobia and may increase the pool of genetic material to be used as biofertilizers.
PubDate: 2017-09-13
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0934-3
- Authors: Rodica C. Efrose; Craita M. Rosu; Catalina Stedel; Andrei Stefan; Culita Sirbu; Lucian D. Gorgan; Nikolaos E. Labrou; Emmanouil Flemetakis
- Quantitative physiology and elemental composition of Kluyveromyces lactis
CBS 2359 during growth on glucose at different specific growth rates
- Authors: Oscar Dias; Thiago O. Basso; Isabel Rocha; Eugénio C. Ferreira; Andreas K. Gombert
Abstract: Abstract The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has received attention both from academia and industry due to some important features, such as its capacity to grow in lactose-based media, its safe status, its suitability for large-scale cultivation and for heterologous protein synthesis. It has also been considered as a model organism for genomics and metabolic regulation. Despite this, very few studies were carried out hitherto under strictly controlled conditions, such as those found in a chemostat. Here we report a set of quantitative physiological data generated during chemostat cultivations with the K. lactis CBS 2359 strain, obtained under glucose-limiting and fully aerobic conditions. This dataset serve as a basis for the comparison of K. lactis with the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in terms of their elemental compositions, as well as for future metabolic flux analysis and metabolic modelling studies with K. lactis.
PubDate: 2017-09-12
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0940-5
- Authors: Oscar Dias; Thiago O. Basso; Isabel Rocha; Eugénio C. Ferreira; Andreas K. Gombert
- Virulence analysis of Staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit model of infected
full-thickness wound under negative pressure wound therapy
- Authors: Daohong Liu; Zhirui Li; Guoqi Wang; Tongtong Li; Lihai Zhang; Peifu Tang
Abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in a controlled animal study using the standard sterile gauze and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), including activation of agr, gene expression and production of virulence foctors and depth of bacterial invasion. The tissue specimens were harvested on days 0 (6 h after bacterial inoculation), 2, 4, 6, and 8 at the center of wound beds. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed to obtain bioluminescent images which were used to measure the depth of bacterial invasion. The agrA expression of S.aureus and the transcription and production of virulence factors including Eap, Spa and α-toxin were significantly different. The bacterial invasion depth was significantly less with effect of NPWT. The markedly different activation of quorum sensing systems that enable cell-to-cell communication and regulation of numerous colonization and virulence factors result in distinct gene expression and pathogenicity over time in different microenvironment. Thus, the agr system represents a fundamental regulatory paradigm that can encompass different adaptive strategies and accommodate horizontally acquired virulence determinants.
PubDate: 2017-09-11
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0938-z
- Authors: Daohong Liu; Zhirui Li; Guoqi Wang; Tongtong Li; Lihai Zhang; Peifu Tang
- Detection of human antibodies binding with smooth and rough LPSs from
Proteus mirabilis O3 strains S1959, R110, R45
- Authors: J. Gleńska-Olender; K. Durlik; I. Konieczna; P. Kowalska; J. Gawęda; W. Kaca
Abstract: Abstract Bacteria of the genus Proteus of the family Enterobacteriaceae are facultative human pathogens responsible mainly for urinary tract and wound infections, bacteremia and the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have analyzed and compared by ELISA the titer of antibodies in plasmas of healthy individuals and in sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients recognizing a potential host cross-reactive epitope (lysine-galacturonic acid epitopes) present in Proteus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In our experiments LPSs isolated from two mutants of smooth Proteus mirabilis 1959 (O3), i.e. strains R110 and R45, were used. R110 (Ra type mutant) is lacking the O-specific polysaccharide, but possesses a complete core oligosaccharide, while R45 (Re type) has a reduced core oligosaccharide and contains two 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid residues and one of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinopyranose residues. Titer of P. mirabilis S1959 LPS-specific-antibodies increased with the age of blood donors. RA and blood donors' sera contained antibodies against S and Ra and Re type of P. mirabilis O3 LPSs. Antibodies recognizing lysine-galacturonic acid epitopes of O3 LPS were detected by ELISA in some plasmas of healthy individuals and sera of rheumatoid arthritis patients. RA patients antibodies reacting with P. mirabilis S1959 S and R LPSs may indicate a potential role of anti-LPS antibodies in molecular mimicry in RA diseases.
PubDate: 2017-09-09
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0937-0
- Authors: J. Gleńska-Olender; K. Durlik; I. Konieczna; P. Kowalska; J. Gawęda; W. Kaca
- Zinc oxide nanoparticle inhibits the biofilm formation of Streptococcus
- Authors: Purnita Bhattacharyya; Bikash Agarwal; Madhurankhi Goswami; Debasish Maiti; Sunandan Baruah; Prosun Tribedi
Abstract: Abstract Biofilms are structured consortia of microbial cells that grow on living and non living surfaces and surround themselves with secreted polymers. Infections with bacterial biofilms have emerged as a foremost public health concern because biofilm growing cells can be highly resistant to both antibiotics and host immune defenses. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have been reported as a potential antimicrobial agent, thus, in the current study, we have evaluated the antimicrobial as well as antibiofilm activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae which is a significant cause of disease. Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed strong antimicrobial activity against S. pneumoniae, with an MIC value of 40 μg/ml. Biofilm inhibition of S. pneumoniae was also evaluated by performing a series of experiments such as crystal violet assay, microscopic observation, protein count, EPS secretion etc. using sub-MIC concentrations (3, 6 and 12 µg/ml) of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The results showed that the sub-MIC doses of zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity against S. pneumoniae, with maximum biofilm attenuation found at 12 μg/ml. Taken together, the results indicate that zinc oxide nanoparticles can be considered as a potential agent for the inhibition of microbial biofilms.
PubDate: 2017-09-09
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0930-7
- Authors: Purnita Bhattacharyya; Bikash Agarwal; Madhurankhi Goswami; Debasish Maiti; Sunandan Baruah; Prosun Tribedi


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The 1st corporation to start a statewide interactive kiosk method was Imperial Multimedia in 2007. Imperial Multimedia set up interactive kiosks in 31 of Virginia's State Parks and these electronic kiosks included park overviews, printable maps, waypoints, points of desire, video clip tours of trails, and emergency info.[2]The person-welcoming touc… Read More
On the ages, flight terminals and airlines attended upwards with assorted choices to make it simpler, faster and much more convenient for air vacationers to check-in because of their aircraft. Along with on the internet and mobile phone check-in, travelers are now able to do this through airport check-in kiosks, so also known as self-service check… Read More
Many industries are now actually enjoying the pros that touch screen kiosks bring. Even different areas of governing bodies use the solution they delivers to people that are many. Nowadays, the interactive kiosks play a big part in items advertising, support service, and consciousness to present occasions. Truly, these systems bring enormously plac… Read More


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Vintage collectible milkglass flour and sugar shakers from the 1930s still in very good condition. The shakers are 2 3/8 inches on each side and 4 ¾ inches tall. Both have metal lids where some red paint is missing. The Cornucopia motifs are not all there. The lids are easy to screw on and off. There are no chips on the rims of each shaker. The shakers have no damage to them; no chips or cracks.
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David Thompson: Celebration Of His Life Set For Sunday
Houston's murder-mystery lovers are still dealing with the shock of the sudden death of Murder by the Book's David Thompson, a guy who apparently had unerring skills in leading readers to their newest favorite author.
A celebration of his life is set for this Sunday at the Briar Club.
"David loved a good party, and we will honor him by celebrating the life of an extraordinary young man who touched the lives of many in his 21 years at the bookstore," MBTB said in its announcement.
The event (everyone's invited, no RSVP necessary) is set for 2-5 p.m. Sunday at the Briar Club, which is at 2603 Timmons Lane.
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"There will be margaritas and Mexican Hors d'œuvres - great favorites of David's -- along with other drinks," the announcement says.
Thompson, 38, died suddenly earlier this week. Autopsy reports are pending, but no foul play is suspected.
MBTB says they've been asked often about donations honoring Thompson and have set up a way to do it, although they have not yet decided where donations will go:
Many have asked about tributes to David's memory. Alafair Burke has set up a fund for those who would like to make a donation in David's name. The charity will be determined later.
For those wishing to contribute, here are the details:
Checks to the order of "In Memory of David Thompson" (NOT simply David Thompson) Mail for deposit to: 7 E. 14th St. #1206 New York, NY 10003
For those who would like to make a direct payment please contact email@example.com for account information.
For those who would like to make a donation through paypal please mark recipient as firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Administrative Law involves compliance with and challenges to rules, regulations, and orders of local, state, and federal government departments. Administrative law attorneys may represent clients before agencies like the workers compensation appeals boards, school board disciplinary hearings and federal agencies like the Federal Communications Commission. Administrative attorneys help negotiate the bureaucracy when interacting with the government to do things as varied as receiving a license or permit or preparing and presenting a defense to disciplinary or enforcement actions.
Skowhegan is a town in and the county seat of Somerset County, Maine, United States. As of the 2000 census, the town population was 8,824. Every August, Skowhegan hosts the annual Skowhegan State Fair, the oldest continuous state fair in the United States. The Skowhegan School of Art is an internationally known residency program for visual artists, though it is technically located in neighboring East Madison.
Administrative Law Lawyers In Skowhegan Maine