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Hi everyone. I took some time today to play along with another fun challenge over at Cheery Lynn Designs. I have some great new dies that I just LOVE!
20 thoughts on "Time to Give Thanks"
Hello, A lovely project, I love the leaves and the colour choice. A lovely style. Thank you for joining us this month with our first challenge at A Crafty Mess Good luck. We would love to see you again next month.
Teighan DT
A very elegant designed card Bonnie and love your use of colour. Thanks for joining us at Cheery Lynn Designs challenge and good luck.
Julie x
Bonnie what a awesome fall card. Love that new doily tucked behind with the ginham ribbon and fall leaves of every hue. Just beautiful. Thanks for joining us in the Cheery Lynn Designs challenge. Good Luck
Bonnie, this is a gorgeous card, and I love the rich colors and beautiful plaid ribbon! Thanks for joining in the weekly Cheery Lynn Designs challenge…good luck to you!
Stunning card! Love everything about it!
Oh wow such a great card! Thanks for joining us on challange up your life.
Wow! How pretty! I really do need to work on my bow-making skills. 🙂
This is beautiful! I love the bold colors of the flowers against the neutral BG. Great job of showcasing the card. Thanks for sharing your fabulous card and joining us for our current challenge at Inspiration Destination. Hope to see you again and good luck!
IDCB Owner
Amazing card. I love that bow. Those die cut shapes are perfect. Just lovely, Bonnie.
And please enter in Hoarders challenge. We have THANKS for the theme right now! 😉
Beautiful thanks and fall card. I love the colors and the leaves are just stunning! Thanks for joining us at Craft Hoarders Anonymous.
This is so perfect for our 'FALL COLOURS' theme. Just love the colours and design. Thanks for sharing your talent with us and good luck.
{Fresh Brewed Designs DT Member}
{Doing Life – my personal blog}
This is beautiful! I have to tell you, it was the mulberry paper that caught my eye! Yes, you might be a trendsetter with that stuff. Gorgeous, well balanced card.
Such a beautiful card! Love the colors and all the die work! Thanks for joining us at Craft Hoarders Anonymous!
This is simply gorgeous! What beautiful die cuts and layering! Lovely image as well. Your leave placement is perfect! Very shabby / country feeling with the torn paper and lovely ribbon. Makes me smile.
Thank you for sharing and playing along with us at Freshly Brewed Challenges FALL COLORS Challenge.
Absolutely stunning Bonnie! I LOVE all of the beautiful layered die cuts and the mulberry paper as a mat. Thanks so much for joining us at Craft Hoarders!
Just beautiful! Thanks for joinig us at Craft Hoarders Anonymous!
Bonnie, this is one gorgeous card! I love the mulberry paper layer…and I have a ton of it in my stash. Time to pull it out again, as it adds so much texture to this pretty card. The leaves, bow and die cut are so lovely! Thanks for sharing them with us at Craft Hoarders Anonymous!
love the colors and leaves!!!!Thanks for playing along with Craft Hoarders Anonymous.
Beautiful – love the colours you've used.
Thanks for joining us at A Crafty Mess and hope we'll see you again for the next challenge.
Helen x


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Xiongliang received his B.S degree in traditional optics design in Wuhan University, China in 2014. He then attended Lehigh University for his M.S. degree, and to perform research in photonics. After his M.S., he decided to stay at Lehigh to pursue a PhD degree. Presently, he works on III-Nitride semiconductors, and is focusing on simulation and fabrication of quantum dot active layers to produce the next generation of high-efficiency light-emitting diodes and laser diodes.
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Mark has come across some groundbreaking news this week. A draft report has been published by the European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs, relating to how we will legally manage AI as it grows in capability. With robots and AI becoming an increasingly normalised addition to our lives, is it time that Asimov's Laws of Robotics actually come to fruition?
The Laws of Robotics Come to the EU
With robots infiltrating our everyday lives, MEPs have asked for the introduction of a compendious set of protocols in relation to how humans are to engage with Artificial intelligence (AI) and robots. We will have no choice but to embrace the fact that the robot revolution is set to engulf every part of society.
A draft report by the European Parliament – Committee on Legal Affairs – makes it clear that we are about to cross the boundary into a new industrial revolution. In the report, it goes into great detail on whether or not robots should have legal status and be classified as electronic persons.
Engineers are recommended, when building our metal friends, to install a kill switch on all robotic humanoids. This basically means that we could shut down any robot if things were to go wrong. MEPs have suggested that humans should be able to use robots "without risk or fear of physical or psychological harm".
A Lawyer's View
Lorna Brazell is a practising law partner at Osborne Clarke, specialising in Intellectual Property. She is also a published author. Her book Nanotechnology Law: Best Practices was published in 2012, and the second edition of her Intellectual Property Handbook was published in mid-2013. The third edition of her book on Electronic Signatures and Identities is now due.
She is a little astonished about how wide-ranging these rules are, and scrutinised the real need to give future robots legal status. Lorna said, "Blue whales and gorillas don't have personhood but I would suggest that they have as many aspects of humanity as robots, so I don't see why we should jump into giving robots this status".
It's Happening… So What Next?
Robots and other forms of artificial intelligence are ready. They are set to infiltrate each level of society and are poised to do so, according to the report.
AI has the potential to bring in an abundance wealth, but as robots take jobs where does it leave their human counterparts? Governments will need to think carefully about some type of fallback income as industries change.
Looking ahead 10-20 years down the line, how will a "care robot" in a care home, looking after a human, be able to cope with privacy issues, dignity and the physical safety of patients if the robot's systems fail or are hacked?
Prepare for the Singularity?
The report goes on to say that there is a possibility that within the space of a few decades AI could surpass human intellectual capacity. If current designers of such machines do not prepare properly, robots could define their own destiny and survival of their own race.
To combat this potential disaster, famed sci-fi writer, Isaac Asimov, came up with a set of rules which should be adhered to in the event that robots became self-aware. The laws will be directed at the designers, producers and operators of robots as they cannot be converted into machine code.
The Three Laws of Robotics state:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the first law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second laws.
Whilst Asimov's laws were created as part of the narrative of his 1942 short story, 'Runaround', they have been widely embraced by those working in the field of Robotics ever since.
The European Parliamentary report goes on to recommend that all robots built should be in the interest of humans… see above!
Designers will be required to register their robots and provide access to the source code for accident investigation. A research ethics committee will have the final say on whether a new robotic design can go ahead, and MEPs have called for a European Agency for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence that can provide technical, ethical and regulatory expertise, and a report on how this new technology will impact jobs.
Interestingly, the report explores the legal liabilities of robots. The liability should be in proportion to the amount of instructions given to the robot. The producers of the robots will have to take out specific insurance cover, for example.
The World Economic Forum has said robots and AI could replace 5.1 million jobs by 2020.
Finally, the report says: "The greater a robot's learning capability or autonomy is, the lower other parties' responsibilities should be and the longer a robot's 'education' has lasted, the greater the responsibility of its 'teacher' should be."
Looking forward to seeing if MEPs vote in favour of this statue. It will be up to individual Governments for further ratification before it becomes EU law.
What are your thoughts?
If you have any thoughts on today's article or the laws of robotics in general, then why not drop us a tweet? Or use #AskTDMB to strike up a discussion!
Mark Grayson is the Paid Social Account Manager at TDMB. He comes from an Education background, having previously worked as Head of IT in secondary education, hence his interest in Technology in Education. He is also a gifted pianist, as well as being skilled in digital marketing, and is possibly the happiest, most positive person on Earth.
You can contact Mark on Twitter or LinkedIn, or chat about virtual reality in education, or any other tech, via TDMB's Twitter, using hashtag #AskTDMB


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Pregnancy brings on a lot of changes quickly -- both physical and mental. It's no surprise to me that women previously diagnosed with eating disorders are at a higher risk for postpartum depression, but recently Stephanie Zerwas of the University of North Carolina flipped it around and looked to see if women who came in for postpartum depression and anxiety had previously suffered from an eating disorder. Thirty-five percent of them had -- compared to seven or eight percent in the general population. Eating disorders, then, could be a risk factor for postpartum depression.
Stephanie is the associate research director of UNC's Eating Disorders Program. It comprises both research studies and treatment programs with inpatient, outpatient and partial hospitalization programs. Her special interest is eating disorders during pregnancy and postpartum. She and other researchers have studied 100,000 moms and babies in Norway, looking at moms who had eating disorders right before becoming pregnant and the later outcomes for both the moms and the kids.
Credit Image: flequi on Flickr
Here are some of the findings she shared with me.Overview of Research into Eating Disorders and Pregnancy
- Out of 50,000 women they've reviewed, about 50 had anorexia right before becoming pregnant.
- Of the women with anorexia, about 50% of the pregnancies were unplanned, compared to 18% of the group who didn't have anorexia and who also had unplanned pregnancies -- it's possible the anorexic women had stopped menstruating regularly and thought perhaps they couldn't get pregnant.
- Two thousand women had binge eating disorder, which is binge eating without purging behavior afterward.
- Five hundred women had bulimia right before pregnancy.
- Fifty-four women were purging without binging (purging disorder or eating disorder not otherwise specified).
- Seven hundred women developed binge eating disorder for the first time during pregnancy.
- Moms with previous or current eating disorders were more likely to say their babies were fussy.
I didn't really know much about binge eating disorder. Stephanie defined it as:
A sense of loss of control over what you're eating -- you have a sense that food is irresistible, and you can't stop once you start. It's a combination of that loss of control and a large amount of food. But it gets even trickier, because quantifying "large" is actually really hard. If you're restricting and you eat a normal meal, you might think that's a lot. Basically it's eating almost two meals' worth in a sitting.
What Pregnancy and Postpartum Can Do for a Woman With a Past or Present Eating Disorder
Again, much like when I talked to Dr. Bermudez about eating disorders and kids, I felt like I was listening to my life story being researched. I had undiagnosed postpartum depression and actually depression and anxiety during pregnancy because I couldn't handle the rapid weight gain. It was pretty much about that -- knowing I had to gain a bunch of weight and not knowing if I would be able to lose it again triggered all sorts of anxiety that I thought I'd already overcome. Even though I monitored my food intake religiously, I still gained 45 pounds (I've always gained weight easily). Getting on the scale became absolute torture, and I'm looking at my pregnancy journal now and see how militantly I monitored the process of taking that weight back off. It took me four months -- which now seems shockingly fast -- but I thought it was a million years at the time.
Stephanie said moms with eating disorders are gaining more weight while pregnant and losing the weight more quickly postpartum. She also said the percentage of people struggling with eating disorders actually goes down during pregnancy -- that in some ways pregnancy puts them in remission and can be a transformational event. That was interesting to me, because I really think my pregnancy reset my metabolism -- prior to pregnancy, I couldn't eat more than 1,200 calories a day without gaining weight, which is probably not so shocking considering I spent about two years eating 800 calories a day. Since my pregnancy, I'm able to exercise three or four times a week and eat a healthy but normal diet and keep a pretty consistent five-to-eight pound range. I asked Stephanie if she thought that was possible.
She said something really important: Bodies are very different. "We like to think weight management is a mathematical equation -- calories in versus calories out -- but everyone's body processes food a little bit differently and some people a lot differently. Accepting your own body type is an important part of the recovery process for a woman with an eating disorder. "
In my Dr. Bermudez interview post about whether or not you can prevent your child's eating disorder, we talked about the fear women can have about passing on their eating disorders to their kids, especially their daughters. UNC has created an intervention program for moms who have or have had eating disorders and also have young kids. The focus is on teaching your kids about nutrition and breaking the cycle of risk. And it's a conference call -- it's possible to participate even if you don't live in North Carolina.
Stephanie says: "The focus on pediatric obesity is confusing things. Moms who have had eating disorder are more likely to take special approaches to their kids' diets (no sugar/vegan, etc.) Disordered thoughts and worries about food and weight can get translated to their kids if they are still thinking about it."
Now, I'm not a fan of mother-blaming, but as someone who cringed when my weight was shouted across the gym during Presidential Fitness Test Week and lectured by my pediatrician about gaining weight, I understand the unique shame that can develop from benign neglect to a kid's feelings and sensitivity about weight at a time when her sense of self isn't fully developed. It's not just mothers or even parents, but everyone who can potentially make those comments -- but a parent and especially a mother who has suffered from disordered eating in the past can be a protector and ally for an anxious kid who might otherwise go in that direction, precisely because she understands.
What I liked about my interview with Dr. Bermudez was that he assured me that eating disorders aren't set in stone, they aren't a surety -- they are something we as parents can manage against by watching for anxiety to go from "trait to state" and getting the child help if it does. We as parents are our kids' first and best teachers -- they watch us for cues as to how the world works, and we inadvertently can do harm with our passing or direct comments about our own bodies or theirs.
Though I talked to Stephanie before I read liveoncejuicy's post, Why I Don't Watch My Kids' Weight, I remembered some of the comments I saw there as I sat down to write this.
From bonair:
Anecdotally, one of my most painful childhood memories is of my mother sitting me down to have that 'it's time to start watching what you eat' talk. I was eight or nine.
I internalized the shit out of that (and my mother's general concern about weight in relation to herself). I hated myself. I spent hours in the bath pulling at all the fat on my body and crying and *hating* myself. I was cutting myself by the time I was ten.
From justgirlinworld:
My parents never meant any harm when they talked to me about my weight, but their words DID harm me. The pressure to be thin, combined with a personality predisposed to compulsive behavior and anxiety, resulted in the battle I have waged for truly more than a decade of my life.
There were many, many other comments on that post saying parents should comment on their kids' weight if they think they are becoming unhealthy. It certainly is a contentious issue. I wanted to write about my conversation with Stephanie, though, because the more we as women and family members recognize the truths about mental illness, postpartum depression, eating disorders -- all of it -- the more likely we are to help the sufferer instead of judging her.
Related Reading:
- 5 Reasons Your Girlfriend With an Eating Disorder Probably Hates You Sometimes
- This Ain't My First Rodeo: How Dr. Phil Got Anorexia Wrong
- Can You Prevent Your Child's Eating Disorder?
My debut young adult novel is The Obvious Game, published InkSpell Publishing. The Obvious Game is based on my experience with anorexia. I'm represented by Eric Myers of The Spieler Agency.
The Obvious Game is available in paperback and ebook (all formats) online at Kobo, Amazon, Barnes & Noble, InkSpell Publishing and Indiebound. If you are a librarian and are having trouble finding my book, please write me at email@example.com to purchase the book at the 40% author discount price.
Rita Arens authors Surrender Dorothy and is the editor of Sleep is for the Weak. She is BlogHer's assignment and syndication editor.
More from parenting


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The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was introduced to China in the early 20th century. It has been spread to almost all forms of fresh water bodies including lakes, rivers and even paddyfields in most provinces of China. To clarify issues such as the initial entry point(s), dispersal pattern, genetic diversity and genetic structure of Procambarus clarkii in China, the genetic structure and diversity of P. clarkii populations at 37 sampling sites (35 from China, one from the USA and one from Japan) were analyzed using both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) and 12 nuclear microsatellites. Multiple tests including phylogenetic analyses, Bayesian assignment and analysis of isolation by distance showed that (i) the population from Japan and those collected from China, particularly from NanJing (BGt and XG) and its some neighboring sites (CJr, NT and NB), have similar genetic composition, (ii) relatively high genetic diversity was detected in Chinese populations, (iii) the P. clarkii populations in China did not experience significant population expansions. Taken together, Nanjing, Jiangsu province is the presumed initial entry point, and human-mediated dispersal and adaptive variation are likely responsible for the observed genetic pattern of P. clarkii in China.
Citation: Li Y, Guo X, Cao X, Deng W, Luo W, Wang W (2012) Population Genetic Structure and Post-Establishment Dispersal Patterns of the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii in China. PLoS ONE 7(7): e40652. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040652
Editor: Zhanjiang Liu, Auburn University, United States of America
Received: April 11, 2012; Accepted: June 11, 2012; Published: July 10, 2012
Copyright: © 2012 Li et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This study is a component of the Aquafish-ACRSP (Aquaculture Collaborative Research Support Program), supported by the US Agency for International Development (USAID). The funders had no role in study design, data collcetion and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Successful biological invasions require that non-indigenous species pass through a series of filtering stages including transport, release, population establishment, and in many cases, dispersal. A successful invader is characterized by a number of biological and ecological features for its dispersal and establishment in a new habitat [1]. The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), native to south central USA and northeastern Mexico, is one of the most notorious invasive species in the world [2], [3]. Compared to some invasive animals such as insects, the natural dispersal capacity of P. clarkii is relatively weak [4]. However, anthropogenic activities are considered to play a crucial role in translocation of the red swamp crayfish [5]. Furthermore, high fecundity, short development time and flexible feeding habits provide this species a high adaptability to various ecosystems. A well documented example of rapid expansion is the dispersal of this crayfish in the southern Portugal and Mediterranean wetlands [4], [6]. Since this crayfish was introduced into two aquaculture installations located in Sevilla and Badajoz in Spain [7] in 1973, it has become a widespread species throughout southern Portugal, the Mediterranean wetlands and some other places in Europe only for three decades [4], [6], [8].
P. clarkii was introduced to Nanjing, China from Japan in 1929 [9]. Nowadays this species has been found in almost all forms of fresh water bodies including lakes, rivers and even paddyfields in most provinces of China [10]. Because of its high commercial value [10], P. clarkii aquaculture has been developed rapidly, and this species has become one of the most important aquatic products in China [11]. Presently, much attention is being paid to technologies of culture, reproduction and breeding of this species, but less attention is being given to its invasions and related ecological and ecological effects, let alone the invasion genetics of P. clarkii. In general, the red swamp crayfish threatens local biodiversity in freshwater ecosystems, and their burrows result in dam damages and a huge loss of irrigation water, causing significant economic loss [12], [13]. In addition, P. clarkii is considered as an important pest of wet-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) fields [14].
Information on the population structure changes would help to understand the biological invasions of this alien species, and in some cases, would be useful for the establishment of possible methodologies for prevention and control of its invasions [15]. A study of the species population structure and genetic diversity would provide valuable data to clarify issues such as the initial entry point(s) and dispersal pattern of P. clarkii in China. A few articles have touched upon these topics to date [5], [9], [10], however, no systematic genetic data from microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA sequences have yet been generated to address such issues.
In this study, we aim to clarify the issues including: (i) whether the P. clarkii populations in China have relatively high genetic diversity, which would likely facilitate its invasion success to some extent, (ii) whether Nanjing was the initial point of entry of P. clarkii in China, (iii) whether the introduction of P. clarkii in China was derived from a single or multiple event(s). Here we used both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) and 12 nuclear microsatellites to clarify dispersal pattern, genetic diversity and genetic structure of Procambarus clarkii in China.
Genetic Diversity
The number of alleles ranged from three to 27 across all 12 microsatellite loci in 37 populations (N = 1776). The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho), the mean expected heterozygosity (He), and the polymorphism information content (PIC) were 0.6723, 0.7913 and 0.7551, respectively. The Lo (Louisiana) and Sa (Saitama) population exhibited the highest genetic diversity among the 37 populations, while the ZX population showed the lowest (Table S1). All the P. clarkii populations in China showed relatively high genetic diversity: number of alleles (Na) = 6.4–11.8, and expected heterozygosity (He) = 0.7002–0.8214. Deviations from HWE were observed at multiple loci in multiple populations. Most of the deviated cases showed significant heterozygote deficiency.
Of the 313 individuals examined using the COI gene, the nucleotide diversity was 0.0022. Only six haplotypes (GenBank accession numbers: JX120103-JX120108) were found. There were some base substitutions but no insertion or deletion was found. Twelve parsimony informative sites and three singleton variable sites were detected (Figure S1A). The haplotype diversity of the partial COI sequence (Hd) was 0.403. The variance and the standard deviation of haplotype diversity was 0.00072 and 0.027, respectively. Under the Maximum Composite Likelihood model, the overall mean pairwise genetic distance of the six haplotypes was 0.011. Most individuals (231/313) had Hap_C2, which was mainly distributed among the P. clarkii populations collected in China and Japan. The haplotypes Hap_C3, Hap_C4, Hap_C5 and Hap_C6 were only detected in the population collected in the USA (Figure S2A).
Based on the data of partial 16S rRNA sequences (284 individuals), the nucleotide diversity was 0.00083. Only three haplotypes (GenBank accession numbers: JX120109- JX120111) were found. Two parsimony informative sites and one base deletion were detected (Figure S1B). The haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.390, while the variance of haplotype diversity was 0.00077 and its standard deviation was 0.028. Under the Maximum Composite Likelihood model, the overall mean pairwise genetic distance of the three haplotypes was 0.003. Seventy-five percent of the examined individuals (212/284) had Hap_S2, which was mainly distributed among the populations collected in China and Japan. The Hap_S3 was only detected in the population collected from the USA, whereas the Hap_S1 was shared among in the populations collected in China, Japan and the USA (Figure S2B).
Analyses of Population Structure and Assignment Tests
Based on the microsatellite genotype data, the Nei's genetic distance (0.145) between the populations XYw and XYc was the lowest, while the Nei's genetic distance (0.999) between the populations ZX and Sa was the highest. The gene flow parameter among populations ranged from 1.284 between the populations DY and PYL to 10.595 between the populations XYw and XYc. The gene flow between the populations XYw and XYc occurred very frequently and its parameter value was far greater than those among other populations (range from 1.284 to 6.968). The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) in 37 populations of P. clarkii ranged from 0.023 between the populations XYw and XYc to 0.157 between the populations DY and YJ, NX (details not presented).
The neighbour-joining tree consisted of two major clades. One major clade included the populations of P. clarkii collected in Japan and the USA (Lo and Sa), and some Chinese populations. The other big clade included all the remaining P. clarkii populations collected in China (Figure 1).
Red solid dots on the maps indicated the sampling locations. The blue line in China maps denoted the Changjiang River. XY includes XYw and XYc population. NJ includes XG, BGt and XBv population. WX includes WX and WXb populations. What the sampling location codes in the figure indicated sees Table S1.
Genetic clustering analysis using Structure program [16], [17] indicated that the number of genetic clusters was seven (K = 7; Figure 2). Most individuals from four Chinese populations (XG, BGt, NB and CJr) and two foreign populations (Sa and Lo) were assigned to the same genetic cluster, suggesting that they might share the same origin (represented by dark blue in Fig. 2), while some individuals of sampling sites in China tended to be more admixed (such as XYc, WX, WJ, HF, SLT, Fig. 2).
The sampling location codes (see Table S1) are indicated along the X-axis. Each vertical line represents one individual, and Y-coordinate denotes each individual's percentage assignment to each of these seven genetic clusters.
Population Differentiation and Spatial Genetic Structure
The Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of microsatellite genotype data revealed that 91.26% of genetic variation could be explained by the variation within populations, whereas the remaining (8.74%) came from variation among populations (Table 1). However, the AMOVA of mitochondrial COI sequences analysis revealed that 45.67% of genetic variation could be explained by the variation within populations, whereas the remaining (54.33%) came from variation among populations. Meanwhile, the AMOVA of mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences analysis revealed that 43.32% of genetic variation could be explained by the variation within populations, whereas the remaining (56.68%) came from variation among populations.
Regressions of genetic distances against geographical distances were not significant (Mantel test: microsatellite genotype, r = 0.052, P = 0.710; mitochondrial COI sequences, r = 0.036, P = 0.688; mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences, r = 0.043, P = 0.631). Thus, the crayfish in China did not show isolation by distance.
Analyses of Population Expansion
The detection of population expansion was performed using Fu and Li's Tests. The positive Fs values were 1.861 (P = 0.256>0.05), derived from mitochondrial COI sequences analysis and 0.860 (P = 0.567>0.05) from mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences analysis, indicating that the P. clarkii did not significantly experience the population expansion.
Invasion Population Structure and Dispersal Pattern
Several reports have suggested that natural dispersal between rivers or/and lakes had the major impacts on the dispersal of P. clarkii [5], [10]. Based on our genetic analyses, the rates of gene flow among population BGt and other populations along the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, such as WX, MAS, and CJr were higher than that among the populations (BGt, XG and XBv) in Nanjing and two Xuyi populations, which also indicated the importance of natural dispersal between rivers or/and lakes for P. clarkii dispersal. However, most of the P. clarkii populations in China are separated by geographic barriers (such as land, mountains and the Yangtze River), which could be major physical barriers to natural dispersal. However, we detected a high level of gene flow among populations separated by geographic barriers. For example, the gene flow between populations NBp and HF was 5.489 (Figure 1). Moreover, the genetic distances among the populations were not significantly correlated with geographic distances for P. clarkii populations. Collectively, human mediated-dispersal, especially aquaculture transfers, could be responsible for the observed genetic patterns. Dispersal of aquatic exotic species in nature ecological systems has often been influenced by human mediated vectors [18], [19], [20], especially in fresh water ecological systems [15], [21]. As P. clarkii is an economic aquaculture species in China, frequent aquaculture-related transfers could mediate dispersal among different locations [9]. Thus the population genetic structure presented here likely resulted from a combination of natural expansion and human-mediated jump dispersal. Human activities such as commercial shipping or unintentional carry have probably facilitated communication among populations of P. clarkii, and have influenced their population genetic structure and diversity [9].
Presumable Initial Entry Points
It has been reported that red swamp crayfish were introduced to Nanjing, China from Japan in 1929 [9], [22]. Our data showed that P. clarkii populations collected around Nanjing have a closer relationship with the Japanese one, and that Nanjing was probably the initial entry point of introduction of P. clarkii. First, the data on haplotype frequency showed that Hap_C1 and Hap_C2 were mainly distributed among P. clarkii populations collected in China and Japan, but Hap_C3, Hap_C4, Hap_C5 and Hap_C6 were only detected in P. clarkii population in the USA (Figure S1A, S2A). Similarly, Hap_S1 and Hap_S2 were mainly distributed among P. clarkii populations collected in China and Japan while the haplotype 3 (Hap_S3) was only detected in the P. clarkii population in the USA (Figure S1B, S2B). Second, microsatellite data showed that the population from Baguazhou township, Nanjing, had the highest genetic diversity among the populations analyzed in China (Table S1). Third, the phylogenetic tree showed that populations in NanJing (BGt and XG), or around Nanjing (CJr, NT and NB,), were clustered first with the foreign populations ((Figure 1, Figure S3). Fourth, the Bayesian assignment also indicated that most individuals from populations in Nanjing or around Nanjing (XG, BGt, NB and CJr) and foreign populations (Sa and Lo) were assigned to the same genetic cluster (Figure 2). Therefore, the results of this study further demonstrated that P. clarkii were introduced from Japan, Nanjing was probably the intial place of introduction of P. clarkii, and suburbs of Nanjing (such as Xiaguan District and Baguazhou township) were the presumable initial entry points. And then, they started dispersing in the vicinity of Jiangsu province and along the Changjiang river basin. Nevertheless, of course more genetic data from source area need to be collected for investigating the initial entry point for P. clarkii invasion.
Single or Multiple Introductions?
It is believed that P. clarkii may have been introduced only once from Japan to Nanjing in 1929 [9], [22]. However, our genetic analyses supported that P. clarkii was likely introduced from multiple events. So, we speculated that unobserved multiple introduction events or cryptic invasions might exist.
The high diversity of invasive species population could be caused by multiple introductions from one or more places [23], [24], or a single introduction of a large number of individuals from different populations [24], [25]. However, the genetic diversity of invasive species populations was lower than that of the origin population after experiencing bottleneck and founder effect if the invaders were introduced only once from origin place [26], [27]. If the invasion species were derived from multiple introductions, their population genetic diversity would not necessarily be lower than that of the origin place. This is because multiple introductions could help the invasive population to maintain enough variations, even new genotypes occurring which are owed to inbreeding among populations derived from reproductive isolation in the origin place [28], [29]. For example, the genetic diversity and heritable phenotypic variation of the exotic grass, Phalaris arundinacea, in North America were higher than those in the place of origin in Europe [30]. In this study, the P. clarkii populations in China generally showed high genetic diversity. However, it was found that even if Baguazhou township, Nanjing, showed the highest allelic and gene diversity among the populations investigated in China by analysis of microsatellites, mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA sequences. Thus, some unobserved multiple introduction events and cryptic invasions could not be excluded, although some documents reported that P. clarkii may have been introduced only once from Japan. As the Bayesian assignment showed, surprisingly, that populations NB, XG, BGt and CJr, and two more populations from Japan and the USA, were clustered together with extremely high membership coefficients. However, the other populations from China were grouped into another six genetic clusters. If Nanjing was the only initial entry point and only one introduction event occurred in the 1920s, all or almost all genetic variation should be detected in the area surrounding Nanjing. Here, there might be two explanations for the results of assignment: (i) multiple introductions which might generate divergent invasive populations [19], and/or other unintentional introductions in China might exist; (ii) this species might have experienced rapid evolutionary and/or genetic changes [20] associated with novel environments and/or aquaculture breeding.
High Genetic Diversity and the Implications for Invasion Success
Some exotic invasions succeed despite founder effects, and consequent low genetic diversity was often due to the invasive populations experiencing bottlenecks and genetic drift [31]. However, the P. clarkii populations in China had very high diversity as shown in the present study. Other studies on P. clarkii in China have also showed similar results [5], [10]. Moreover, similar cases of high diversity and structure of introduced populations in Europe have been documented [23].
Generally, the idea that increased genetic diversity contributes to invasion success presupposes that evolution enhances invasions, and bottlenecks during invasion limit the adaptive evolution of fitness-related traits [32]. Evolutionary biologists postulated that genetic variation and evolution might play an important role in the success of invading species [33]. However, the high genetic diversity of invasive species may be caused by hybridization and variation after successfully invading a new environment [30]. Some studies have shown that putatively adaptive traits have evolved in introduced populations, and sometimes quite rapidly [34], [35]. A hypothesis of increased genetic diversity with some successful invaders putatively retaining adaptive variation is not necessarily inconsistent with the presence of genetic bottlenecks; this is because founding events were not only to be expected to eliminate all variation, but also because many fitness-related traits do not lose variation as quickly as do individual loci [32], [36]. In this study, AMOVA showed that a lot of genetic variation occurred among and within the P. clarkii populations (Table 1).
Multiple introductions or donors can rescue invaders from losses in diversity [32]. Intra-specific admixture from multiple native source regions could help introduced populations overcome founder effects and generate novel genetic substrates for selection in introduced ranges [37], [38]. In some cases, admixture from multiple sources has been shown to lead to significant variation in morphology and life-history traits between introduced populations, with potentially important implications for invasion success [38], [39]. Some novel differentiation could arise even in the case where it seems highly unlikely that it favored the genetic diversity of the species which has a potential global distribution [1].
In conclusion, the P. clarkii founder population in China might have been derived from Japan. P. clarkii populations in China have relatively high genetic diversity. Numerous factors likely facilitated invasion success of P. clarkii, such as high genetic diversity, adaptive variation, aquaculture activity and some ecological factors, and the absence of predators in China.
Materials and Methods
Sampling, DNA Isolation and Microsatellite Genotyping
We focused on the alleged initial places of introduction, and areas of major cultivation and major river basins where P. clarkii were distributed in China. A total of 35 sites were selected from China and one site each from the USA and Japan (Figure 1, Table S1). The sites in China are located in an open, abandoned field and no specific permit is required for the described field studies. The sites from Japan and the USA were kindly provided by Dr. Jian Gao from the Kagoshima University and Dr. Dan Wang from the Ohio State University South Centers.
Muscle cuts of 48 individuals were sampled at each site and were stored in 95% ethanol at −20°C for DNA extraction. Genomic DNA was isolated using the ammonium acetate method [40], and was stored at −20°C for subsequent experiments. Each sample was genotyped using methods as described by Li et al. [40] at 12 microsatellite loci: PcLG-03, PcLG-04, PcLG-07, PcLG-09, PcLG-10, PcLG-13, PcLG-15, PcLG-17, PcLG-29, PcLG-32 and PcLG-48 [41] and PcL24 [3].
Mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA Amplification
Six to ten DNA samples were randomly selected from each sampling site to amplify the partial mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA fragments (Table S1). The partial COI gene fragments were amplified using primers LCO 1490 and HCO 2198 [42] under thermocycling conditions: 94°C for 5 min followed by 35 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, 50°C for 45 s and 72°C for 1 min with a final extension at 72°C for 10 min. The 16S rRNA fragments were amplified with the primers 1471 and 1472 [43], and the thermocycling conditions comprised 35 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 1 min at 48°C and 1 min at 72°C. PCR products were directly sent to Invitrogen Biotech (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd or Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd. for sequencing.
Data Analysis
Based on microsatellite data, the number of alleles (Na), number of effective alleles (Ne), the observed heterozygosity (HO) and the expected heterozygosity (He) were calculated using the program POPGENE version 1.31 [44]. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) using Markov chain reaction were performed by Genepop 4.0.10 [45], [46]. To analyze clusters of 37 P. clakii populations, the Neighbour-Joining and UPGMA dendrograms for populations based on the Nei's genetic distance matrix were constructed using the software MEGA 5.05 [47].
Structure version 2.3.1 [15], [48] was used to assign individuals to populations by a Bayesian approach using microsatellite genotype data, with the power to acknowledge that a sample site does not necessarily represent a true genetic population. Structure 2.3.1 was run using the correlated allele frequencies model with a burn-in period of 100,000 MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) steps followed by 1,000,000 iterations, with eight independent runs conducted to assess the consistency of the results across runs. All iterations were run with the admixture model, using a Bayesian approach with prior distributions of model parameters. Bayesian methods assume that observations are randomly drawn from each cluster and that all potential source populations are predefined [49]. We used an ad hoc method for estimating the number of genetic clusters [16], [17]. ARLEQUIN v220.127.116.11 [50] was applied for analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Ratios of the variance components could be then used to define population structure.
Correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance was assessed using IBDWS version 3.21 [51]. Significance of the analysis was examined using Mantel tests as implanted in software IBDWS.
Moreover, based on mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA sequences, the variation sites, parsimony informative sites, number of haplotype, and nucleotide diversity were determined by using the soft DnaSP 5.10 [52]. The neutral test (Fu'Fs and Li's tests) was also considered by DnaSP 5.10. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was conducted in ARLEQUIN v18.104.22.168 to calculate the variance components and significance levels of variation within a population and among populations. Relationships among mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA haplotypes were examined respectively using a statistical parsimony haplotype network generated at the 95% connection limit with TCS version 1.21 [53].
Supporting Information
Figure S1.
One sequence of haplotypes and distribution of all haplotypes obtained from mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA sequences.
Figure S2.
Statistical parsimony networks of mtDNA COI (A) and 16S rRNA (B) sequences for P. clarkii samples.
Figure S3.
UPGMA dendrogram of 37 P. clarkii populations based on Nei's (1972) genetic distance ( D ).
Table S1.
List of the populations of P. clarkii studied indicating the location, their country of origin, geographical position of sampling sites, genetic diversity at 12 microsatellite loci, and haplotype diversity at mtDNA COI and 16S rRNA sequences.
We thank Dr. Jian Gao from the Kagoshima University, and Dr. Dan Wang from the Ohio State University South Centers, for kindly providing samples from Japan and the USA; Prof. Lizhi Zhou and his student Lingliang Cao, from the School of Life Science, Anhui University, for assistance to data analyses; and many friends who are not listed in detail here for helping collect samples and offering some technical assistance. Prof. Peter Edwards from the Asian Institute Technology, Thailand commented on early versions of the manuscript.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: YL XC WW. Performed the experiments: YL WD WL. Analyzed the data: YL XG WD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YL XG WW. Wrote the paper: YL XG WW.
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- 50. Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 1: 47–50.L. ExcoffierG. LavalS. Schneider2005Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis.Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online14750
- 51. Jensen JL, Bohonak AJ, Kelley ST (2005) Isolation by distance. BMC Genetics 6 13: v.3.21.JL JensenAJ BohonakST Kelley2005Isolation by distance.BMC Genetics 613v.3.21http://ibdws.sdsu.edu/. http://ibdws.sdsu.edu/.
- 52. Librado P, Rozas J (2009) DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data. Bioinformatics 25: 1451–1452.P. LibradoJ. Rozas2009DnaSP v5: A software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data.Bioinformatics2514511452
- 53. Clement M, Posada D, Crandall KA (2000) TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Molecular Ecology 9: 1657–1659.M. ClementD. PosadaKA Crandall2000TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies.Molecular Ecology916571659


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I was so excited to see that Babies R Us was selling plain bibs because that meant that I could embellish them with some cute fabric and give them as baby gifts! Here's the two that I've made so far... they are lots of fun and easy to make!
Halloween Cookies
23 hours ago


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|Reviews for Life, Death and Magic
| Gabriel Nightingale chapter 29 . 5/2
Though it's been 7 years I really hope you decide to update this story again
I love it
| Hana Verrier chapter 3 . 1/30
*sighs and rolls eyes at them being Gryffindors* whilst i understand...Slytherin is the best house 3
| Lord Kuchiki chapter 29 . 8/3/2016
I think that you should continue with it, I like it the way it is... :)
| Lord Kuchiki chapter 1 . 8/3/2016
loved it
| spartan-140 chapter 29 . 1/20/2015
No, no, please continue, I really enjoy it as it is!
And since its 2015, you can "spice " it up with more references from a lot of things, I wanna see Ichigo go Vastro Lorde on them Death eaters :)
| ravecrazeglitch chapter 29 . 3/22/2014
i don't see anything wrong with it as is. i really hope you continue but its your story do as you see fit.
| Shadows Curse chapter 29 . 2/4/2014
please continue if you haven't forgotten about this story
| killer4853 chapter 1 . 12/18/2013
| Berry-Twin2 chapter 29 . 7/3/2013
I think you should continue this story. you are a very talented writer!
| Grisia chapter 29 . 11/23/2012
I think you should continue But.. It's kinda weird that no one is scared of them Being 'DEATH gods'... Even if they explained it, wouldn't people think that Death Gods hold HUGE ASS Scythes, some dark hood and skeletal-like body?! They take it too easily *deadpanned*... Anyway.. Since Shinji knows Tom's location, can't the shinigamis just go there can end his miserable life? Even Aizen wants him dead. I mean... They should drag his soul to S.S.. And kill him there brutally and making his soul unable to reincarnate *grins* Hope that you continue
| me encantas chapter 29 . 4/11/2012
CONTINUEEEE~~~~ nice story btw totally enjoyed it~
| Taeniaea chapter 29 . 2/16/2012
Great Story plz continue it from where it at!:)
| Love Psycho chapter 29 . 1/14/2012
Defintely continue. I like this. Not the best written - there are a few things wrong - but I do like it a lot anyways. I am particularly looking forwards to Nelliel's appearance. Their expression will be priceless...
-hands over platter- Magic cookies for you!
| demonsinger chapter 29 . 8/5/2011
I love this story the way it is but if you could redo the kareoke and add more people singing because that was awsome I would never have thought of that and for shiro's song it sounds a little to dark for his actions because he was swinging people around I found another song which is perfect for his antics and for him in general its called WE WILL FALL TOGETHER-BY STREETLIGHT MANIFESTO, you don't have to listen to me but you should listen to it, it really is perfect for him. Oh well those are my two cents but if you could continue on with this story instead of rewriting it, I would be happy because I've already read this story and I don't really wanna wait a liong time for it to come to this point again but thats just me as long as you keep this basic plot and stick to this story all the way through I would be uberhappy (its a very good plot idea) anywho...I was gonna say something else but now I totally lost it...meh thats enough of my ranting you're probably sick of me by now so I'll stop buggin yah. again Love this story!
| anonymous chapter 29 . 7/6/2011
if you do rewrite it please leave this version up


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|If I were choosing a portfolio from the images above, I would likely toss out the black and white and the chili pepper shots because they don't flow with the rest of the images.
I love to see other photographers thrive, and a huge part of thriving as an artist is having a stellar portfolio.
"But," you ask, "What if I don't have a portfolio? Where do I start?"
Well, that is the point of this article, and perhaps, if you all are interested in knowing more than I can cover here, I can write another Simple Guide to... book. But, lets start here and cover some basics. For the purpose of this article I am going to relate this to photography and photographers, but most of this can apply to traditional artists as well.
What is a Portfolio and Who Needs One?
A portfolio is simply a body of work, often with a unifying theme. As simple as that definition is, many people don't understand it, especially the unifying theme portion. A killer portfolio has flow, it works well together. Imagine a gallery display, all the pieces should hang together and be pleasing to the eye. A portfolio is not about showing your diversity, it is about showing your consistency.
As for who needs a portfolio, personally, I think all artists. Even if you are not interested in doing photography for money or submitting a portfolio in a commercial sense. Having a beautiful portfolio helps you grow and learn as an artist. If an art director or local gallery owner sees your work (on social media, etc) and they are interested in seeing more, it is very nice to have it at the ready. It's even nice to be able to share with friends who appreciate your talents. Don't discount the power of a great portfolio!
Pull Together Your Best Work
If you don't have a portfolio, or if you are just beginning to build one, here is where you need a firm foundation. Starting it off well makes it much easier to manage. Likely (if you need a portfolio), you have been taking photos for a while and you have a stash of your best images. Pull them out (you can do this digitally in something like Lightroom), put them all together and really look at them, like you've never seen them before. Like you have no idea of the story behind them. Look at them as a stranger. It helps if you put them into a collage or grid view. Also, having a trusted friend give some honest opinions can be very helpful.
Now that you have your best images together, ask yourself some tough questions.
Define Your Style
What is my style? This is really hard sometimes, so don't be discouraged. It takes some time to develop and to realize what your style is, and it's something that can keep evolving. As tempting as it is to diversify, it is much better to keep your portfolio to images that have the same style. Why? Because your portfolio is something you show to people who might want to hire you. They want to see examples of what their photos might look like if you take them. If your style is all over the board, they won't have any idea, or be able to visualize their own photos. People like very much to imagine themselves in the images, much like displays in stores that shoppers can imagine in their own homes. This is your display. Make it something they can count on. Toss out the oddball style images from your collage, this will be a process of elimination.
Eliminate What Doesn't Flow
Now, with the images you have left, what is the subject you shoot most? Is it flowers, is it people, is it landscapes? Play a game of "What Doesn't Belong" and toss out the images that do not mix well with the others. Remember that consistent style matters more than subject. The more ruthless you are at this stage, the higher quality your portfolio will be!
Cut Emotional Ties and Keep it Concise
Keep in mind, that you are not abandoning those images that don't make the portfolio. Early on, I always felt like a traitor when I had to take out an image I loved because it didn't really fit my portfolio. Don't let that derail you. This is simply an exercise in finding your selling points, your look, your visual business card. Only the pertinent info makes it onto a business card.
Try to keep it somewhere between 10-15 photos. Your portfolio is not your website, per se. You can showcase much more on your website because that is where your fans or people who want to see much more of your work will go. Your portfolio should just be the bait that gets them there and makes them want to see more.
Remember, the people you are going to show it to aren't already your fans, and they are often crunched for time. Show them you respect their time by keeping things concise, simple, and quick. These images should sum up all that is you as a photographer.
If you already have a portfolio, now is the time to look at it and closely evaluate it, especially if it isn't getting you jobs. Does it show your style? Is it way too large? Get brutal and toss out what doesn't make the cut. Ask others for opinions. Often we (and I mean me, too) associate images with memories, and we will give extra weight to an image because of sentimentality, but a photo editor is not going to know what a great dinner you had on the beach after you made this photo or how you grew that plant yourself. Cutting the emotional ties to images can be tough! That's where a friend or two can come in handy with 3rd-party, unbiased opinions.
Keep Things Fresh
Don't forget to update your portfolio! If you have a new image that fits what you are showing, add it in, don't wait! Take out the least favorite/best and replace it. That way you can always be sure your best is out there. Your portfolio should be a living, dynamic, ever-better representation of your talents and abilities as you grow and evolve as an artist.
|Always trade a new, better image into your portfolio for a lesser one, to keep your best work constantly moving forward.
Tailor to Your Audience
All of the advice above is geared toward creating your general portfolio. Of course (just like with a resume), you can tailor your presentation if you know who your audience will be. For example, if you are interested in working for a gardening magazine, you would want to focus on botanical images and you wouldn't want to send an architectural magazine a portfolio of flowers. But, the most important thing is that it is a consistent body of exceptional work.
Ask for Feedback
Sometimes, we gain great insight into what our best work is by getting feedback from others. If you don't know a professional who would be willing to review your work, ask friends and family. Sharing on social media is also a nice indicator of what images are creating the most interest (just remember to copyright and watermark). You will also want to ask for feedback after you have assembled and created your finished portfolio.
|Posting what you think are your best images to social media is a great way to get feedback, rankings on 500px, likes on Facebook, or votes on Viewbug can be very helpful in determining what should go into your portfolio.
Putting it All Together
Now that you have chosen your images, how do you put them together? In this digital age, it is essential that you have a digital portfolio at the ready. Something you can link to for quick inquiries. Remember to keep it simple, clean, professional, and easy to navigate. Fancy page transitions or flashy colors are going to take away from your images. Be sure that the design and layout are complimentary and showcase your work, not distract from or compete with it. You want to make sure your work is memorable for the right reasons, not that your color and design are gaudy, or that your navigation is a nightmare.
To Print, or Not to Print?
It is also very nice to have a printed portfolio, and with all the self-publishing mediums out there, it's easier than ever before to create a very professional physical body of work. As with digital, keep it simple and elegant. Don't skimp on the quality, it will show. Make sure your choose quality paper and a nice cover material. Also, since most everyone has their portfolio in a digital form only, a printed portfolio can make you stand out from the crowd.
Final Tip
Just one last thing to remember is that a quick Google search of your name (if you are on social media, etc.) will turn up images you share online. Posting quality images consistently is a very good thing. Posting poor or mediocre images consistently is not. If you do a photo shoot, choose the best 1-3 for sharing, save the rest for private viewing by clients. By doing this, you keep your online presence at a higher level. Don't post everything you do, be very discerning and step up your game.
|Be sure to keep consistent quality in all your social media posts. Only post what you believe are your best images. This shows respect for your followers and is a nice reference for anyone who might want to hire your services.
Portfolio - a body of work (usually with a unifying theme or quality)
Gather your best images where you can see them together (the grid version in Lightroom works well)
Define your style (and to a lesser degree, your subjects)
Keep images that work well together and eliminate the others
Look at images without emotion, like a stranger
Ask for feedback
Keep it small (10-15 images)
Remember that the person looking at it prob has limited time
Taylor specific portfolios if you know the recipient
Make a digital version (keep it simple, clean and professional)
Creating a printed portfolio can help you stand out from the crowd
Keep a quality online presence
I hope I have helped sort out some of the issues or confusion about creating your killer portfolio. There is much more than I have covered here, but I wanted to keep it simple and understandable, especially for those just starting to build one. It can be intimidating if you don't know where to begin.
April Bryant is the author of The Simple Guide to Great Photography and The Simple Guide to Great Composition (available on Amazon), a member of the US Press Association, a Getty Images photographer, and owns and operates HoiPolloiPhotography.com and AprilBryant.com. Her work has been published by the Sierra Club as well as several publications local to East Tennessee. Find her on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram!


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The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) issued its decision in the case of Bărbulescu v. Romania (application no. 61496/08) on September 5, an appeal from a determination by the Romanian courts upholding an employee's termination for personal use of the employer's computer system. The Court held that the... Read More
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Download [Sims 4] Anarcis' Animations for WickedWhims v0.1.12
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This mod adds sex interactions to Turbodriver's Wicked Whims mod framework. It is an ongoing project which is expanded upon on a monthly basis.
I try to make animations that are specific to situations and objects, for use in story-driven scenarios. I would like to inject as much diversity as possibly, whether that means, straight, same-sex, group or roleplaying situations. I add new animations roughly every week exclusively on my Patreon. These are then added to LL later.
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The United States is depositing $584 million in remaining 2013 military aid for Egypt into a federal bank account as the US administration reviews whether to release the funds, an official said Tuesday.The final tranche of some $1.3 billion in annual military aid to Egypt has not yet been disbursed amid political upheavals in the North African nation. And President Barack Obama\'s administration is still reviewing the status of the US assistance to Cairo after the military\'s July ouster of ex-president Mohamed Morsi and a crackdown on Islamists. But with the end of the fiscal year looming, the State Department decided to protect the funds by depositing them in an account it controls in order to stop them being gobbled up when the books were closed on Monday, September 30. \"The end of the fiscal year was yesterday, so we did recently obligate the remaining FY 2013, which would expire on September 30th unless obligated,\" State Department spokeswoman Jen Psaki said. But she insisted \"the president still has flexibility here. We still have the ability to control kind of how this is used.\" The funds are being placed in a federal reserve account which the US government controls, pending Obama\'s decision on whether to resume aid to the Egyptian military, Psaki said. The annual $1.3 billion in US military aid is spent mostly on contracts with US firms to equip Egyptian forces. There is a further $250 million in economic assistance to Cairo, which has not been affected. But Psaki stressed the outstanding $584 million in military aid had not yet been allocated to specific deals. \"No decision has been made about that. It still is under review,\" she told reporters. \"It typically goes to a federal account, but it\'s not there yet. And either way, we still would approve purchases.\" In return for more than 20 years as a top aid donor to Egypt, Washington has benefited from peace between Israel and Egypt, priority access to the Suez Canal and valuable anti-terrorism cooperation. But Obama, in a speech to the United Nations last week, linked continued US support for Egypt to the interim military leadership\'s willingness to return to democracy. The United States had \"purposely avoided choosing sides\" after the military\'s July 3 overthrow of Morsi, but warned \"our support will depend upon Egypt\'s progress in pursuing a democratic path,\" Obama said.
GMT 16:37 2017 Thursday ,21 SeptemberIraq's Kurds in economic crisis ahead of independence vote
GMT 06:12 2017 Thursday ,21 SeptemberSaudi Arabia raises $1.87 bn in Islamic bond issue
GMT 23:20 2017 Wednesday ,20 SeptemberDP World to acquire both assets for total cash consideration of US$ 405 million
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« Joke of the week | Main | Priest fined $15,000 for role in Frankel insurance swindle »
September 10, 2004
Norwich Union / Standard Life: pay as you exit
News of the imposition of late exit penalties on holders of with-profits pensions who retain policies beyond their retirement date comes at a time when the public's trust in the pensions system is at an all time low. While the insurers defended their actions, they must realize that such actions will be detrimental to their long-term future as the reputation of the industry is further tarnished.
Posted by Tom Troceen


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Because we love outdoors, because we have been traveling the world and have seen trash in the most remote places, we set out to build tools to help everyOne clean-up the planet.
One+One is a mobile and web platform that empowers citizens, corporations, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, cities and federal agencies to clean-up the planet, think crowd cleaning and real time metrics for trash removal supported by businesses and organizations.
Pick up a trash every day for a month, recycle it or discard it, track it with the One+One app and see your immediate impact on the environment! If a trash is too big for you i.e. tires, junk car, ask for help with the One+One app.
One+One combines real time data and connection to social networks to engage and provide full transparency on environmental actions to its users. By using the data collected, One+One creates live metrics allowing you to see your impact against other users on the cleanerboard.
Spread the Blue! Join us to clean-up the planet one trash at a time.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.-Aristotle
One+One © 2016 Handcrafted in Santa Cruz


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Code: A99379
Withdrawn from the offer
Ferguson Ariva 200 A99379 enables the user to receive both HD ans SD resolution satellite digital channels. The receiver is equipped with smart card reader (pay TV) and Common Interface (CI). This makes it a versatile receiver suitable for many combinations of TV packages. The distinguishing features are low power consumption in standby mode (less than 1W), LAN and USB ports. PVR function allows to record on a USB drive both SD and HD programs. The receiver supports NTFS file system so that the volume of recorded files is not limited.
Distinguishing features:
- Compatibility with DVB-S and DVB-S2
- Reception of High Definition channels
- 720p or 1080i upscaling of SD channels
- Support for up to 32 programmable timers
- Independent lists of favorites (TV and Radio channels)
- QuickFind - quick searching of channels
- Support for teletext and subtitles
- Support for DiseqC 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, USALS
- Compatibility with MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-4 H.264/AVC standards
- Universal RCU-640 remote control
- Smart card reader for Pay-TV channels
- CI slot for CAM modules
- HDMI 1.2 with HDCP
- Component (Y, Pb, Pr)
- CVBS - RCA (Cinch) - video
- 2x SCART
- 2x RCA (Cinch) - analog audio
- Optical digital audio output
- Coaxial digital audio output (S/PDIF)
Withdrawn from the offer
DVB-S Receiver: FERGUSON Ariva 200
Code: A99379
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