text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 9, 2003
|Filing date
|Jun 16, 2000
|Priority date
|Jun 18, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Dominique Thoreau, Pierre Ruellou
|Original Assignee
|Thomson Licensing S.A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (31), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention concerns a picture compression process in which each picture or picture macroblock is subjected to a coding chosen from among several types of coding.
It relates more particularly to the MPEG2 compression process. Although the invention is not limited to this type of compression, in the description hereafter, we shall refer mainly to this type.
Recalled below is the principle of such compression and, at this juncture, the coding types which must be selected for each macroblock will be indicated.
In the MPEG2 standard, it is possible to start from a picture containing in progressive mode 576 rows of 720 points each. In interlaced mode, this picture is composed of two frames each of which comprises 288 rows, also of 720 points each.
Each picture is split up into macroblocks, each of which is formed by a square of 16�16 luminance points. Each macroblock is thus formed of 4 square blocks of 8�8 luminance points. With each of these 4 luminance blocks there are associated (in the 4.2.0 format) two chrominance blocks each of which has 8�8 points, one of the blocks representing the colour difference or red chrominance signal Cr and the other block representing the colour difference or blue chrominance signal Cb. In the 4.2.2 format, with each luminance macroblock there are associated four 8�8 chrominance blocks, 2 blocks for the blue chrominance and 2 blocks for the red chrominance. There is also a 4.4.4 format in which each of the luminance and chrominance components comprises 4 blocks of 8�8.
Represented in FIG. 1 are four 8�8 luminance blocks, with reference 10 within the set and 8�8 chrominance blocks 12 and 14 for the blue and red chrominances respectively, the set illustrating a macroblock in the 4.2.0 norm.
Each block is coded by using a transformation denoted DCT which is a discrete cosine transformation which makes it possible to transform a luminance or chrominance block into a block of coefficients representing spatial frequencies. As may be seen in FIG. 2, a source block 16 is transformed into a block 18 of 8�8 coefficients. The upper left corner 20 of the block 18 corresponds to the zero spatial frequencies (mean luminance value of the block) and, onwards of this origin 20, the horizontal frequencies increase towards the right, as represented by the arrow 22, while the vertical spatial frequencies increase from top to bottom, as represented by the arrow 24.
For each macroblock, it is necessary to choose the coding type: either "intra" or "inter". Intra-coding consists in applying the DCT transformation to a source block of the picture, while inter-coding consists in applying the DCT transformation to a block representing the difference between a source block and a predicted block, or prediction block, of a preceding or following picture.
The choice depends in part on the type of pictures to which the macroblock belongs. These pictures are of three types: the first type is the so-called I or intra type, for which the coding is intra for all the macroblocks.
The second type is of P or prediction type; in pictures of this type, the coding of each macroblock can be either intra or inter. In the case of inter-coding of a macroblock of a picture of P type, the DCT transformation is applied to the difference between the current macroblock of this picture P and a prediction macroblock arising from the preceding I or P picture.
The third type of picture is called B or bidirectional. Each macroblock of such a picture type is either intra-coded or inter-coded. Inter-coding consists also in applying the transformation to the difference between the current macroblock of this B picture and a prediction macroblock. This prediction macroblock may arise either from the preceding picture or from the following picture or from both at once (bidirectional prediction), it being possible for the so-called preceding or following prediction pictures to be of I or P type only.
Represented in FIG. 3 is a set of pictures forming a group called a GOP (Group Of Pictures) which comprises twelve pictures, namely an I picture followed by eleven B and P pictures according to the following succession: B, B, P, B, B, P, B, B, P, B, B.
In the case of predicted pictures (that is to say those deduced from other pictures), motion estimation followed by motion compensation are applied to the macroblock to be coded. This is because, between two pictures, the macroblock may be situated at different locations by reason of the inter-picture and inter-frame motions. The effect of motion compensation is to compute the prediction macroblock according to a given mode of interpolation (commonly called the prediction mode); this macroblock will actually serve as prediction for the current macroblock in inter-picture mode for a given coding mode. Hereinafter, this prediction macroblock and, by the same token this coding mode, will be retained or rejected depending on the decisions taken within the procedure for computing the choice of the coding mode.
Moreover, in the case of interlaced scanning, for which each picture is formed of two successive frames, an odd frame and an even frame, it is necessary to determine whether the DCT transformation should be performed progressively or individually on each frame. This is because, depending on the motion of the picture or the structure of this picture, the result of the coding may be different depending on whether the transformation is performed on the picture or on each frame.
This choice is represented by FIGS. 4a and 4 b. Represented in FIG. 4a is a macroblock 28 of an interlaced picture formed of rows 30 1, 30 3, . . . 30 15 of an odd frame and of rows 30 2, 30 4, . . . , 30 16 of an even frame. FIG. 4a corresponds to a DCT transformation performed on the picture; each of the four blocks of the macroblock 28 is transformed without rearranging the rows. Thus, the coding is performed on the four blocks 28 1, 28 2, 28 3, 28 4 forming the macroblock 28 and the transformation is performed on rows 30 1 to 30 8 for blocks 28 1 and 28 2 and on rows 30 9 to 30 16 for blocks 28 3 and 28 4.
On the other hand, FIG. 4b represents a transformation performed separately for the odd and even frames. Blocks 32 1 and 32 2 correspond to the odd frame and blocks 32 3 and 32 4 to the even frame. Thus, block 32 1 comprises rows 30 1, 30 3, . . . , 30 15, while blocks 32 3 and 32 4 comprise rows 30 2, 30 4, . . . , 30 16.
Represented in FIG. 5 is a chart in block form representing the various operations to be performed in respect of the picture compression or video compression. Each digitized picture is applied to an input of a facility 40 which performs the separation into 8�8 blocks and these 8�8 blocks are transmitted to a facility 42 for selecting between the intra-coding and the inter-coding. If the coding chosen is intra, the block is transmitted to the DCT transformation facility 44. If the coding is inter, the block is subjected to a subtraction by a subtractor facility 46 which takes the differences between the block itself and a prediction block delivered by a time prediction facility 48.
After the DCT transformation 44, a quantization 50 is performed and the quantized coefficients thus obtained are coded according to a VLC coding of variable or fixed length 52. The coefficients thus coded obtained at the output of the coder 52 are directed to a buffer memory 54 whose output constitutes the coding output 56. To avoid saturation and drying up of the buffer memory 54, regulation 60 is performed which modifies the quantization 50.
To be able to perform the time prediction, the output of the quantization facility 50 is linked to the input of a facility 62 for inverse quantization Q−1 whose output is applied to the input of a facility 64 performing the inverse cosine transformation DCT−1. The output of the facility 64 is transmitted directly to a picture memory 66 when the coding of the block is intra, as determined by a facility 68. On the other hand, when the facility 68 decides that the coding is inter, the output of the block 64 is added, by virtue of an adder 70, to the prediction macroblock delivered by the facility 48 and it is the output from the adder 70 which is transmitted to the picture memory 66. The memory 66 keeps decoded pictures.
The inter-picture and inter-frame motions are estimated by a facility 72 which receives, on the one hand, information from the picture memory 66 and, on the other hand, from the output from the facility 40 for constructing blocks. Thus, it may be seen that the time prediction 48 is performed, on the one hand, on the basis of the picture memory 66 and, on the other hand, of the motion estimation 72.
The computation of the coding or binary train 52 depends, among other things, on the motion vectors arising from the motion estimation 72, the coded DCT coefficients, the headers of the macroblocks, and MPEG2 coding information delivered by a facility 74. This information relates to the MPEG2 signalling cues, namely the headers of the rows of macroblocks (or "slices"), the headers of the pictures of the GOPs and the headers of the sequence to be coded.
For the pictures of I type, the coding must be chosen between frame-wise intra-coding or picture-wise intra-coding. This choice is made on the basis of an analysis of the activity contained in the macroblock; it gives good results in general.
For the pictures of P type and the pictures of B type, the number of decisions to be made is substantially larger.
Thus, a P macroblock may be coded according to eight basic modes:
intra; frame DCT,
intra; picture DCT,
without motion compensation (noMC); frame DCT,
without motion compensation (noMC); picture DCT,
with motion compensation; prediction by earlier frames; frame DCT,
with motion compensation; prediction by earlier frames; picture DCT,
with motion compensation; prediction by earlier picture; frame DCT,
with motion compensation; prediction by earlier picture; picture DCT.
For the pictures of B type, 14 basic coding modes are possible, namely two intra-coding modes, the four modes with motion compensation indicated with regard to the pictures of P type and, in addition, four similar coding modes based on the later prediction picture and 4 bidirectional modes, namely:
prediction by later frames; frame DCT,
prediction by later frames; picture DCT,
prediction by later picture; frame DCT,
prediction by later picture; picture DCT,
frame-wise bidirectional prediction; frame DCT,
frame-wise bidirectional prediction; picture DCT,
picture-wise bidirectional prediction; frame DCT,
picture-wise bidirectional prediction; picture DCT.
It has been noted that the criteria used hitherto to choose between these various modes for the P and B pictures gave results of variable quality.
In the earlier patent application Ser. No. 98 10802 filed on Aug. 28, 1998 in the name of THOMSON Multimedia, a compression process was described, in which a trial coding was performed according to all possible modes, or according to some of these modes, and for each trial coding, the coding cost and/or a quality factor is/are determined, the mode of coding used being selected as a function of the value of the coding cost and/or of the value of the quality factor.
Stated otherwise, according to the process described in the earlier application, the coding mode is not chosen as a function of an internal analysis of the macroblocks, but by trying all the coding possibilities (or some of them) and by adopting the mode which gives the best result, either because it minimizes the coding cost, or because it maximizes the quality of the picture, or because it provides the best compromise between coding cost and picture quality.
This process provides optimal results for each macroblock, especially when a given cost/quality criterion is chosen. However, it is difficult to apply in respect of a coding which has to be performed in real time, since it involves a considerable calculation time which is difficult to reduce, especially for portable apparatuses.
Nevertheless, this coding in accordance with the earlier application has been used to determine parameters which can be calculated in real time and which make it possible to select the modes of coding which provide the best results in the case of P and B pictures.
According to a first aspect of the invention, to determine the mode of coding the macroblocks of the P and/or B pictures, one calculates, for each coding mode, an energy parameter which, for the inter-coding modes, is the inter-picture energy and for the intra-coding modes is the relative energy with respect to the average value of luminance and one adopts the coding mode which provides the minimum energy parameter or a coding mode providing an energy parameter which does not exceed this minimum energy parameter by more than a predetermined factor k. In one example, the factor k is equal to 2.5.
FIG. 1 represents four 8�8 luminance blocks
FIG. 2 represents a source block which is transformed
FIG. 3 represents a group of pictures
FIG. 4 represents the different kinds of blocks to be coded
FIG. 5 represents a device for video compression.
In the case of inter macroblocks, the inter-picture energy MBdfd has the value:
In this formula, e(i,j) represents the prediction error, i represents the row number in the macroblock and j represents the column number in this macroblock.
In the case of an intra-coding mode, the relative energy can be determined by calculating, for each 8�8 block, the sum of the absolute values of the differences between the luminances x(i,j) of the pixels of the blocks and the average value (bl.avr.lum.) of the luminance of the block, that is to say:
The average value bl.avr.lum is determined both in picture coding mode and in frame coding mode.
It should be noted that it is already known practice to utilize the parameter MBdfd in the case of inter macroblocks. However, the inventors have discovered that the parameter MBdfd as defined above by formula (2) could be employed for the intra-coding modes. Stated otherwise, to determine the coding mode, a new parameter is utilized.
This new parameter MBdfd can also be used to select between the frame DCT mode and the picture DCT mode. It is known that in order to determine the choice between the picture DCT mode and the frame DCT mode, the local activity of the macroblock is compared in picture mode and in frame mode, and one chooses the mode which provides the lowest local activity. The invention makes it possible to optimize selection when the picture and frame local activities are equal. In this case, the energy parameters MBdfd as defined above are compared and one chooses the picture or frame DCT coding mode for which the parameter MBdfd is the smaller.
Finally, if the picture and frame parameters MBdfd are equal, a picture DCT coding will preferably be performed.
It is recalled that the local activity is defined as follows:
In these formulae, x(i,j) and i and j have the meanings indicated above. However for the predicted modes, MB_activ is calculated over the macroblock of prediction errors.
According to another characteristic of the invention, which can be used independently of the characteristics defined above, the following parameter is determined for all possible modes of coding the P and B pictures:
and one chooses the coding mode which minimizes this parameter.
MB_activ is the local activity of the macroblock, Q represents the quantization interval and a is a coefficient which depends on parameters for weighting the quantization matrix. In one example, this parameter a is equal to 1.
By virtue of the subtracting of the value α_Q from MB_activ the quantity (MB_activ−α_Q) provides an estimate of the potential cost of the macroblock in question. Indeed, for determined MB_activ, the higher the quantization interval Q, the lower will be the cost of the macroblock, since fewer coefficients will be adopted in the quantization routine.
In fact, in the quantization routine, the MPEG2 coding standard uses a quantization interval Q and a so-called weighting matrix (of size 8�8 corresponding to that of the DCT) for the DCT coefficients which, in general, makes it possible to reduce the amplitude of the high-frequency coefficients. Thus the DCT coefficient c(i,j) is quantized by dividing its amplitude by the product of the quantization interval Q times the value of the corresponding coefficient p(i,j) of the weighting matrix.
Generally the inter- and intra-picture weighting matrices are not identical. Moreover, the content of these matrices is not specified by the standard; it can therefore vary as a function of the specification of the coders.
The value 1 has been chosen for α within the context of a set of intra and inter weighting matrices as follows:
On the other hand, in the configuration of the following matrices:
One chooses a parameter value α used for the inter-picture coding modes which is less than 1, for example 0.875. This is because the matrix m_inter—2 allows through many more DCT coefficients than the matrix m_inter—1. In this configuration it may therefore be regarded that:
in intra-picture modes α=α_intra=1,
in inter-picture modes α=α_inter=0.875
In one embodiment, in intra-coding mode, if, for a block, the parameter block_activ−α.Q is less than a given level, then this parameter block_activ−α.Q will be given a default value corresponding, for example, to a quarter of the minimum cost of an intra-coded macroblock. Indeed, a macroblock coded in intra mode cannot be of zero cost, unlike in the case of the inter-picture modes. The actual minimum cost of a block corresponds to the coding cost of the average value of the block (DC) and of a code representing the end of the block. Thus:
in the 4.2.0 coding configuration the estimate of the minimum cost of the block is brought to bl_intra—420_min (for example bl_intra—420_min=11),
in the 4.2.2 coding configuration the estimate of the minimum cost of the block may be brought to bl_intra—422_min (for example bl_intra—422_min=15),
These minimum values can, of course, vary substantially as a function of the type of VLC tables used, for coding the coefficients, the length of whose end-of-block code varies moreover. The essential feature of this approach is that it is inconceivable to have an intra macroblock of zero cost.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a combination of the abovementioned criteria is used, proceeding in the following manner, for the P and B pictures:
The minimum value of the parameter MBdfd, i.e. MBdfdmin, is determined for each macroblock from among all the possible modes of coding (intra included), and one selects the coding modes for which:
MBdfd<k.MBdfdmin, k being a predetermined factor which, in one example, is equal to 2.5.
To determine the type of DCT (frame or picture), one proceeds as indicated above, that is to say one considers the local activity parameter MB_activ and one chooses the picture or frame DCT depending on whether the picture or frame MB_activ parameter is the smaller and if these two parameters are equal, the picture or frame DCT is chosen depending on whether the picture or frame MBdfd parameter is the smaller. In the case of equality of the parameters MBdfd, the picture DCT is chosen.
Finally, to select the coding mode to be adopted from among the coding modes which are still candidates, the following parameter is considered:
Val=(MB_activ−α.Q).MB dfd /MB dfdmin+Hdr — MB (3)
and one chooses the coding mode which provides the minimum value of this parameter Val.
In this formula (3), Hdr_MB represents the sum of all the parameters of the header of a macroblock with the exception of the parameter CBP (Coded Block Pattern). The latter is a variable-length code making it possible to indicate to the decoder the distribution of the blocks containing coefficients, given that, in inter-picture mode, certain blocks may be empty. Indeed, all the parameters of the header can be determined before the coding, with the exception of the parameter CBP. This parameter can be replaced by a predetermined value in Hdr_MB.
The length of the CBP code for a 4.2.0 macroblock (4 luminance blocks, 2 chrominance blocks) varies according to the table of VLC codes, from 3 to 9 bits. The predetermined value can be 4 for example. In the 4.2.2 standard (4 luminance blocks, 4 chrominance blocks) this value will be slightly higher (6 for example).
For all useful purposes, it is recalled here that the header of a macroblock comprises the following parameters: an MBA address code (Macroblock Address) which represents the relative address of the macroblock with respect to the last macroblock coded; the mode of coding; the value of the quantization interval; the type of DCT (picture or frame); and the vectors.
Regarding this last point, it will be noted that the cost of the vectors is generally greater in frame mode than in picture mode since, in the first case (frame), twice as many vectors must be provided as in the second (picture). However, the coding cost in frame mode is not necessarily higher than in picture mode, since the coding of the vectors is performed differentially with respect to the latest vectors transmitted.
Preferably, in formula (3) above MBdfd is assigned a weighting factor thd which is equal to 1 in the case of an inter-coding mode and which is greater than 1 in the case of an intra-coding mode, this weighting factor being able to exhibit different values, determined empirically, depending on whether one is dealing with a P picture or a B picture.
This weighting factor conveys the fact that the cost of coding a macroblock in intra mode is generally greater than the cost of coding a macroblock in inter mode.
If MB_activ−α.Q=0, the macroblock may be empty and uncoded.
In this case, in any event, the parameter val is limited to the cost of the header Hdr_MB.
Moreover, in the situation where the macroblock is estimated as being potentially empty and hence uncoded (still in inter-picture mode), one considers the configuration of the omitted macroblock (SKIPPED MACROBLOCK). This configuration corresponds to two specific cases:
In the case of a P picture, the macroblock is empty, hence uncoded and the coding mode is noMC, the so-called uncompensated mode (in reality this vector is zero by default).
The second case is that of a B picture: the macroblock is empty, hence uncoded, and the motion vectors are identical to those previously transmitted.
For an omitted macroblock, no information is transmitted in respect of the relevant macroblock.
Thus, with this parameter val, one tries, among other things, to best discern the empty blocks which make it possible to gear up towards uncoded macroblocks, or even omitted macroblocks, doing all of this for the sake of a reasonable cost/quality ratio within the context of an "a priori" approach, that is to say one which can be set up in real time.
It should be noted that, conventionally, for pictures of intra type, one has to choose solely between frame DCT coding and picture DCT coding. For this purpose, the parameter MB_activ is utilized and one chooses the frame or picture coding mode depending on whether the frame or picture MB_activ parameter is a minimum.
Experience has shown that, regardless of the embodiment of the invention, this picture compression process makes it possible, as compared with the previously known processes, to reduce the coding cost for equal quality or to increase the quality for constant coding cost.
In a general manner, the invention provides a picture compression process, especially of the MPEG2 type, in which each picture macroblock 10 is subjected to a coding chosen, for each macroblock, from among several types of coding. In order to select the type of coding to be applied to the macroblock, the following parameter is determined: MB_activ−α_Q, in which formula:
MB_activ has the following value
Q is the quantization interval and
α is a predetermined parameter,
the mode of coding selected being that which corresponds to a minimum value of the said parameter MB_activ−α_Q.
According to one embodiment, the coefficient α is equal to 1.
Furthermore, the value of α can be made to depend on the content of the weighting matrices used in the procedure for quantizing the DCT coefficients.
According to one embodiment of this arrangement, in intra- (or inter-) picture mode α=1, the weighting matrix used in inter- (or intra-) picture mode performing α lower weighting than in intra (or inter) mode, the coefficient α used in inter- (or intra-) picture mode is smaller than 1.
According to one embodiment, for each block (16), in intra-coding mode, a predetermined value is given to block_activ−α_Q when this parameter drops below a determined threshold.
The predetermined value corresponds to a quarter of the minimum cost of an intra-coded macroblock.
According to one embodiment, it is possible to favour the "skip macroblock" coding by weighting the calculated values val, in the cases where the macroblock is estimated as being potentially empty. These cases are explained on page 14, line 12 et seq.:
in the case of a P picture, the coding mode is noMC, the so-called uncompensated mode (in reality this vector is zero by default).
in the case of a B picture, the motion vectors are identical to those previously transmitted, that is to say used by the last macroblock coded.
According to a variant of the invention, the value of Hdr_MB in the expression for val is weighted by a variable "Context":
This variable has the value:
1) If MB_val_avg≦threshold_val_avg and MB_mean_activ≦threshold_mean_activ Context=(MB_val_avg/256)*(MB_mean_activ/16)
The thresholds mentioned are predefined thresholds.
2) Otherwise Context=1
This weighting therefore depends on two parameters:
the average activity of the source macroblock:
This value makes it possible to take into account the context by evaluating the average activity of the macroblock to be coded. It is calculated in the following way:
the average luminance value of the source macroblock:
As in the case of the average activity, this information serves to evaluate the context within which the current macroblock lies, so as to optimize the decision criterion. This average value is calculated over the luminance blocks only:
MB_src(i,j) corresponding to the luminance of pixel (i,j) in macroblock MB.
More generally, the chosen weighting is proportional to the average luminance value of the source macroblock and inversely proportional to the average activity of this source macroblock. This makes it possible to take account of the activity of the macroblock and also of the average luminance of this macroblock.
In the case of a uniform macroblock, that is to say for a small value of MB_activ, or else in the case where the quantization interval is large, the expression MB_active−alpha Q is small compared with the cost of the header. The algorithm then tends to favour the prediction modes based on an earlier picture or frame or based on a later picture or frame to the detriment of the frame or picture bidirectional prediction modes for which the cost Hdr_MB is higher.
Now, the bidirectional prediction mode averages the prediction error and improves subjective quality. This is why, in the case where the average activity and the average luminance value of the source macroblock are below a predetermined threshold, by virtue of this weighting of the cost of the header, the value of the parameter val will be decreased for the bidirectional prediction mode, so as to favour this mode, that is to say the choice of DFDmin.
It is in the cases where there is low average activity of the macroblock and low average luminance that the block effects are most visible, since uniform dark zones are then present. The weighting is then performed so as to favour the bidirectional coding which makes it possible to limit this type of artefact.
If the average activity of the macroblock is high or at least greater than a predefined threshold, textured zones are then present and the block effects are less visible and it is then unnecessary to favour the bidirectional mode (Context=1). It should be pointed out here that it is indeed the average activity of the macroblock which is taken into account for the weighting and not the activity of the macroblock, since this may be high even if only one or some pixels have a large disparity in luminance in relation to the other pixels of the macroblock.
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|Citing Patent
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|Feb 23, 2005
|Mar 10, 2009
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Image coding apparatus including a coded quantity prediction expression retaining unit
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|May 22, 2012
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 10, 2003
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Jenna worked with us through two SAT exams and one ACT exam and was feeling burned out. She had worked hard and had seen some improvement, but her ACT scores were not as high as we all thought they could be. Although it was the last thing she wanted to do, Jenna agreed to make one final push toward a second ACT test. Wow, was that a good move! She achieved a 10-point increase on that exam, a truly incredible achievement. Her perseverance paid off, and now she's attending her #1 college choice - UCLA. Well done, Jenna!
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Your child actually looks forward to her test prep sessions. She comes home every week with a smile, and she's less anxious and even a little excited about taking the test. She walks into the SAT or ACT feeling grounded and confident and gets a fantastic score. She gets accepted into most of her favorite colleges and is filled with pride in a job well done.
We have helped students realize this dream for 16 years. Let us help you too.


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WARNING: Never mix chlorine with ammonia products, as the result is extremely toxic.
Using bleach can cause serious health problems.
The fumes are very caustic and great care must be taken not to breath it in too much.
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Never mix chlorine with ammonia products, as the result is extremely toxic.
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The newly launched Converse Chuck Taylor Canvas Experiment draws from the sneaker's eclectic past and its involvement in the creative community to create this new project. Long seen on the feet of many influential creative personalities, the Chuck Taylor All Star now finds itself as an art form with this motorized 5 meter x 4 meter wall. Featuring almost 500 pairs of Chuck Taylors and weighing 400 kilograms, motion sensors create a dynamic installation based on the actions of the person in front of the wall.
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Productivity Killers: The Victim Virus
by Fred Kofman
If you tune in to what your colleagues say when they arrive late to a meeting, you may be able to detect a grave "infection" that can manifest itself as passivity.
It's not that your colleagues' reasons – heavy traffic or long meetings – aren't valid. Rather, it's their storys' narrow scope that makes them ineffective, illustrating one of the most pernicious "productivity killers," the victim virus.
Beyond the excuses provided, your colleagues' personal choices and actions may have helped cause their delay (i.e. they decided to stay late in a meeting.) But by focusing on the factors that are outside of their control, they shirk responsibility and adopt victimhood.
Free registration is required to read this article.


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text: Thunder Soccer is a typical stomp energized with Jupiter's red lightning. References Navigation vteDivine Techniques666:SatanLeft Wing Freed | Right Wing Freed Template:!h Planet Toss | Satan Armor: El DiabloFundamental Force ManipulationOkhwangBig Bang | Planet Toss | Pure FleshHan Dae-WiPlanet TossHeraclesDropping HydraJupiterGodspeed | Thunder Hammer | Thunder Soccer | Ultimate: Thunder BreakerNine-Tails GuardianVeritable PandemoniumMichaelJudgement Sword | Judgement Sword FourShivaKrishnaThe Monkey King Fur of the Monkey King (The Monkey King's Clone Technique) | The Monkey King's Skill: Weapon of the Three Gods | The Monkey King ModeThe Princes of NatakFirst Crown PrinceBattle God's Final Scream | Basaltic Hammer | PetrificationSecond Crown PrinceBasaltic Hammer | Ice Pick | Frozen BlossomThird Crown PrinceEruption of Volcano | Basaltic Hammer | Lava Bahamut Retrieved from "http://godofhighschool.wikia.com/wiki/Thunder_Soccer?oldid=22903" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Divine techniques


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- Sarah Palin not as evil as previously reported? This does not raise my opinion of McCain and I still have enough disagreement with both of their positions.
- If your fear of law enforcement is still irrational, you need to start reading Radley Balko's blog. He keeps it real.
- This Recording explains something called a 'purity ring'. Which sounds like nonsense. I also learned about some bizarre young troupe called the Jonas brothers, who are, it seems either afflicted with some sort of mental illness or are eunichs. Judging from the photos, they look French maybe (French eunichs?).
- Polar Bears in Japan turn green. Those zany Japanese!


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|Quoting 3201 (Thread starter):
We got on board and I immediately recognized the different uniforms of a non-AFA crew, and sure enough they announced themselves as being Singapore-based. They were... fantastic.
|Quoting 3201 (Thread starter):
I'd always wondered how many people flew these UA (or NW) flights intra-Asia just point-to-point without a continuation or connection, and the answer on this flight was, "not very many!"
|Quoting Caio86 (Reply 1):
Amazing report and pictures! One point of bewilderment is the whole Wienerschnitzel bags for sale. Why are they JPY399? That's crazy!
|Quoting PlateMan (Reply 3):
Great report. What is that makes 17G a better seat as opposed to the B seat?
|Quoting AirlineEcon (Reply 4):
Great report, I like the maps you made. Did you use special software or just add lines to a map image?
|Quoting KLM685 (Reply 5):
What a great and complete trip report! It seems like you had a lot of fun! In your opinion what's the most expensive city from the 3 you were in?
|Quoting N178UA (Reply 6):
I enjoy your trip report tremendously, and it is nice to see UA change from pepsi to Coke again!!
|Quoting Tbear815 (Reply 7):
BTW, excellent TR, 3201. And I agree with Mrs. 01 and Sam Chui - Coke is back!
|Quoting N178UA (Reply 6):
Do you have more photos of RCC in HK ?
|Quoting Tbear815 (Reply 7):
I think those comments are conveying a lot about US airline crews and service. You read any thread about flights regarding cabin crew on any forum and the same feelings apply. It's a sad situation.
|Quoting 3201 (Thread starter):
I requested a glass of the Laboure-Roi Chablis, and the FA said, We don't have any Chablis,Eand as I reached for the menu she said, Don't pay attention to what's in there, sometimes we have what it says, sometimes we don't.E
|Quoting 3201 (Thread starter):
Before going to the lounge, we walked around finding local coffee and kaya toast (as well as a jar to take home, oooops, should have gotten it earlier for 1/4 the price).
|Quoting SASDC8 (Reply 12):
Thanks for a great and amusingly written report
|Quoting SASDC8 (Reply 12):
Seems like UA should hire all their new crew members from Asia
|Quoting Shamrock104 (Reply 13):
The guy in the painting on the menu in the cricket jumper eating strawberrys and cream looks evil and really sinister.
|Quoting Trent1000 (Reply 11):
a more professional thing to reflect the standard of their training
Military Aircraft Every type from fighters to helicopters from air forces around the globe
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Air to Air Photos taken by airborne photographers of airborne aircraft
Special Paint Schemes Aircraft painted in beautiful and original liveries
Airport Overviews Airport overviews from the air or ground
Tails and Winglets Tail and Winglet closeups with beautiful airline logos


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Like other mechanical things, manual and automatic garage doors have to be looked after by regular maintenance. By looking after them you would:
• Ensure your garage door lasts longer, delaying imminent replacement.
• Ensure your garage door works reliably, minimizing the inconvenience of a breakdown, and…
• Ensure your garage door works safely, minimizing hazards associated with opening and closing the heaviest moving part of your home.
Garage doors should be maintained according to the instructions supplied with the product. If the procedure can't be easily carried out by the average homeowner, then a professional needs to be called in to do the work. This is especially true in respect to the springs that serve as counterbalance to the door's weight as it opens and closes. These springs are capable of applying lethal force if adjusted incorrectly so should be adjusted only by a qualified Service Technician.
So what is expected of the user of an automatic garage door?
Sensible Use
Study any instructions supplied with your door, and follow those instructions. Instructions may cover issues such as safe and proper use and care of your garage door, and how to disengage it in the event of a breakdown or power failure, so you can use it manually. Use the product sensibly. Avoiding abusing it when you know something is wrong with the equipment.
Keep your eyes and ears open while the door is opening or closing electrically. If it becomes noisy or jerky, automatically reverses while closing or automatically stops while opening, you notice that something is loose, broken, or working abnormally; stop using it immediately, stay clear of it and call a professional immediately to fix it. If you have a manually operated garage door, you may also feelsomething is wrong particularly if the door is unusually heavy to lift.
Take a moment to confirm that nothing and no-one is in its path before you open or close it, especially if it's electrically driven. Although modern electrically driven garage doors have in-built safety features that prevent excessive force from being applied by the door, they can and will cause damage, potentially lethal to a small child or pet if they strike while operating.
Observe the door operating until it has completed its movement. In most cases if you see imminent danger while it's opening or closing, then you can press your remote control transmitter which will either stop or reverse the door, avoiding the accident.
Keep children away from your garage doors. As we know, children must be taught the utmost respect for garage and all driveway areas. Just as a moving car can be deadly to a child, so also the garage door can be dangerous. As adults, we must maintain awareness of what is going on around us, especially from the comfort of our cars.
Every 6 months or so lubricate the parts that need lubricating with the correct lubricant. If unsure of what to do or use, call the manufacturer, or call the Service Technician for advice. If in doubt, use nothing until advised, because the wrong lubricant could damage a component.


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Among Overdrive readers, more than half of the respondents to a poll conducted in the weeks prior to the ELD mandate's release showed a strong preference for another line or work or retirement over use of the devices.Read More
While a majority were positive about FMCSA's plan to introduce regs testing into the process for obtaining operating authority, questions as to the scope of test questions remained as the second federal listening session on the subject approached.Read More
From construction equipment to more garden variety loads dressed up behind spectacular tractors, this occasional series delivers more great photos of readers' loads. Find out how to send in your own ...Read More
With President Obama advocating for a $10.10/hour federal minimum wage and some states having raised the minimum wage as high as $15, readers showed fairly even division on the issue.Read More
With the raffling off of the Long Haul Survivor cancer-research-benefit custom Peterbilt coming up in May, we asked readers what they would do were they to win the truck. Find a round-up of answers here.Read More
Readers sound off on President Obama's announcement of plans for post-2018 model truck fuel-efficiency/emissions standards.Read More
Owner-operator S.E. McCurdy argues an alternative to the ELD/EOBR mandate in a time-card system to put the burden of accounting for drivers' time on those who would waste it.Read More
Overdrive readers in large part showed skepticism over FMCSA's hours-impact study and its conclusion that last year's changes improve safety -- Congressman continues call for independent review.Read More
Reader Kurt Kleinschnitz offered this driving tip in part to "improve the quality of life for the other drivers on the highway, and boost the standing of all truck drivers with the public."Read More
Results of polling on 2014 business outlook shows generally optimistic views from the majority of respondents relative to the past year.Read More


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Our Work
Cuenca Los Ojos was founded in the 1990s with the mission of preserving and restoring the monumental habitat of the Madrean Archipelago and protecting the vast number of species it supports. Through collaboration between environmental groups and governmental agencies, more than a million acres have been protected in the ecoregion. At the center of this conservation area are the lands of CLOs, with over 130,000 acres in Mexico alone. They form the liaison between the USA and Mexico and secure a vital piece of the greater continental migratory route that extends along the western spine of the North and South American Continents.
The restoration of key habitats has been achieved though the construction of thousands of small rock dams, berms, and gabions in eroded areas. CLO also worked to remove exotic species, aerate soils, apply seeding and manage grasslands through controlled burns and fallowing. Up to date, more than 5,000 acres of grasslands have been aerated and reseeded, at least 15% of an historic wetland has been restored and 6 miles of rivers are now flowing year round. Restoring habitat has been key to bring back native wildlife populations such as Coues deers, Black bears and Gould's turkeys.
The story of the founder – for children (and some adults):


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Quilt Show "Our Tribute To Mother Nature"
The Greater Hartford Quilt Guild, which is one of the largest quilt guilds in Connecticut, consisting of 11 chapters through the Greater Hartford area, is announcing our 2017 Quilt Show. Our upcoming quilt show, "Our Tribute To Mother Nature", will be held July 22-23, 2017, at Rentschler Field, in East Hartford CT. Show hours are Saturday 9 am -5 pm and Sunday 10 am-4 pm. In 2015, we had over 1,000 attendees during the two-day show weekend. This year 1,200 - 1,400 are expected. Free parking is provided, as well as light food fare and drink for purchase. 2017's largest quilt show in Connecticut will feature 3 floors of Quilts made by our talented GHQG members, Chapter Challenge Quilts, Vendors featuring free demos, Raffles Baskets, a Raffle Quilt and a Special Exhibition of the Farmington River Quilt Project. Tickets are $10 per person at the door and include entrance to both Saturday and Sunday activities. Tickets are not available in advance of the event. Each attendee will be given a passport to be stamped at the various stations on each floor. Passport holders turning in their completed passport are given a free fat quarter, as well as being entered into the drawings for gift certificates from various local quilt shops. Winners will be chosen at the end of the show and need not be present. The names will be posted on the website and certificates will be mailed. This year's show theme "Our Tribute to Mother Nature" ties into the Farmington River Quilt Project. The Farmington River Quilt Project is a 50 foot long quilt depicting 25 locations along the "Wild and Scenic" designated portion of the Farmington River. Twenty-four quilt artists, some recognized nationally came together with artists creating landscape quilts for the first time to create the 25 sections. Each section is 21" high by 24" wide and though the tree line and sky change from section to section to show each area, the river runs smoothly uniting the sections into one continuous quilt. This is the first local showing since initial completion. A portion of the Quilt Show ticket sales proceeds go to the Farmington River Cleanup Project. Members of the Greater Hartford Quilt Guild have submitted quilts for viewing. All quilts will be on display Saturday and Sunday. This is not a judged show except for Viewers' Choice for Best in Show, Best Large Entry and Best Small Entry. All attendees are asked to vote for their favorites in each category, as well as our Chapter Challenge Quilts. The 11 chapters were each given different themes relating to our show theme. Voting is completed on Sunday afternoon at noon. Top vote getters will be announced at 2:00pm at which time ribbons will be handed out. As mentioned, we will have raffle baskets and a raffle quilt. Tickets may be purchased for $1 each. Drawings for the baskets and quilt will be at 3:00pm but winners need not be present. Door prizes will be called out throughout the event for which winners will have to be present. Greater Hartford Quilting Guild is 100% volunteer. For more information, visit www.ghqg.org or contact Tammy Anderson 860-346-3888


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Home > Network & Internet::Browser Tools > Time Warner Cable Deals 1.0
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Baker Tilly Comment Letter to the FAF on the PCCWe are pleased to have the opportunity to provide feedback to the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF) with respect to the Private Company Council (PCC). At Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP (Baker Tilly) we have strong support for the PCC and its efforts to date in improving financial reporting for the users of private company financial statements.
Tax considerations when doing business across the borderIndependent Baker Tilly International member firms, Baker Tilly in the US and Collins Barrow in Canada, provide individuals and business insight into tax considerations when doing business across the border
Are captives right for you? A webinar overview of captive insurance company benefits and challengesBaker Tilly's insurance industry specialists discuss if captive insurance companies could be a solution for your organization.
FASB votes to propose one-year deferral of new revenue recognition standardOn April 1, 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) voted to propose a one-year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard, Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), for both public and private entities.
New proposed regulations for internal use softwareProposed regulations revise the scope and definition of internal use software, making it easier to determine what qualifies for the R&D credit.
- Previous Next


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MP3: Amber Arcades 'Turning Light'
Amber Arcades, the moniker of Dutch musician Annelotte de Graaf, recently signed to Heavenly Recordings and will be releasing its debut album in Spring 2016. The band is comprised of de Graaf on vocals, Shane Butler (Quilt) on guitar, Keven Lareau (Quilt) on bass, and Jackson Pollis (Real Estate) on drums.
The album's first single, "Turning Light," is a a rhythmic, dreamy tune that was written and recorded in a couple hours. de Graff and Lareau wrote the music in an hour during a sleepless morning and when producer Ben Greenberg (Beach Fossils, Destruction Unit) got into the studio a bit later, the track was recorded within an hour.
"I wrote the lyrics the next morning when I was again awake way too early," says de Graff. "I think this half awake/half still dreaming energy definitely seeped into this track."
Listen to "Turning Light" from Amber Arcades and tell us what you think in the comments…
Related Posts:
One Comment
Love this song, excited to see them at SXSW!


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Kentucky Wesleyan College online architecture degree
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Info concerning Kentucky Wesleyan College online architecture degree, and registering in elective training programs. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? The field of engineering requires either an associates degree for entry-level technical workers, or a bachelors degree for professional engineers. Given Kentucky Wesleyan College online architecture degree, for example, you may gain an advantage in job recruiting on-campus. Check with the architectural engineering department for course registration deadlines, and architectural design program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Kentucky Wesleyan College
Architects spend much of their time in offices, where they develop plans, meet with clients, and consult with engineers and other architects. They also visit construction sites to prepare initial drawings and review the progress of projects to ensure that clients? objectives are met. About 1 in 5 architects were self-employed as of 2017, and the average salary for architects was $76,100 annually.
There are typically three main steps to becoming a licensed architect: completing a professional degree in architecture, gaining relevant experience through a paid internship, and passing the Architect Registration Examination. A typical bachelor's degree program includes courses in architectural history, building design using computer-aided design and drafting software (CADD), structural engineering, construction methods, and professional practices. The design studio is a central component of most architectural programs, where students apply the skills and concepts learned in the classroom to create drawings and three-dimensional models of their work. Within the architectural engineering department, you may consider Cazenovia College environmental design as an adjunct to your primary course of study.
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Family Organiser 2018 - Flowers
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Words starting with odograph, the most common words first
2 words found.
There are 2 less common words:odograph
List all words starting with odograph: sorted by length, sorted alphabetically.
Some random words: ottar hm kea ebullience ikat upas aldol
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
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This location provides members with the space, tools, and parts to work on their own sustainable transportation device such as bicycles, skateboards, rollerblades, etc. Members are allowed to reserve a bench for for repairs an hour at a time; this is free for students, and $5 for MSU faculty and staff. Basic bicycle repair classes will be offered. This inclusive space is also meant for people to come and hangout with other people who share a passion for sustainable transportation.
The Brake Room is a space divided into a workshop and a hangout area. An assortment of tools to make necessary repairs as well as a staff member to assist in teaching how to make repairs will be on site. There will be three benches available for reservations; reservation times are one hour blocks. The hangout area includes couches, televisions, and gaming systems with room to interact with old and new friends alike.
The Brake Room is free for all students who choose to become members and that have a valid A-Pid, however for MSU faculty and staff there is $5 per visit fee, or $100 for a year long membership.
Grand opening is September 6th from 6:00pm-9:00pm
Basement of Demonstration Hall; enter at the stairs on the north end of the building.
Hours: 6:00pm-9:00pm Wednesdays


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����Studies show that customers tell twice as many people about a bad experience in a business as they tell about a good one.
So why does it seem that concern for customer satisfaction and just plain manners are the dinosaurs of most service businesses today? According to Armen J. Kabodian, author of ''The Customer Is Always Right!'' and a consulting client representative with IBM Corp., it costs six times more to attract a new customer than it does to keep an old one. Maybe that's because all those people who've had bad experiences are out there blabbing about them. Recently, I've had quite a mix of good and bad. Thank goodness for Lane Bryant, where they almost give too much attention, KFC at Hearon Circle, where I've never met an impolite employee, and J.B. White, where a clerk has even helped me carry 4-foot candlesticks to my car. In the rain. Service with a growl I'm a regular customer at a grocery featuring glassware to match my china, though not a perfect match. I gathered up 16 glasses, eight water goblets and eight for iced tea. With my store bonus card, they should be $1.39 each. I double-checked the price on a sign two feet above my head. At the check-out, the glasses rang up at regular price. The checker said that happened sometimes. She'd get the manager. When the bagger began to clink the glasses together in a plastic bag, I asked him to wrap them individually, please. When the manager finally showed up, he rather rudely said, ''Those aren't the featured item.'' I pointed out that the store ad didn't mention anything about ''featured items'' and I hadn't seen anything on the display sign to that effect. He said it was on the sign, at the top, and he knew because he put the sign up. I countered that the sign should be where the customer could read it, then. No response. I left without the glasses. In this case, the employees were much nicer than their boss. The checker apologized for the problem and for the wait for the manager. The bagger agreed that the sign should be where the customer could read it. The manager never apologized. Starving at the biestro But my worst recent experience was waiting two hours for a restaurant table. Six of us were in Charlotte for a conference. We made dinner reservations for 7:45 p.m. When we got there, we were told it would be a 30- to 45-minute wait. With drinks and appetizers, we settled down on the patio. An hour and a half later, we moved inside to the bar. We sat without ordering, thinking the bartender would get us a table to be rid of us. They kept checking. We kept checking with them. The manager came out to apologize and promised us the next table for six. Finally, we were seated at a table where two more appetizers awaited us. How much spinach and artichoke dip did they think we could eat? Assistant City Editor Lissa Atkins told the waiter how long we'd been waiting (in the hopes of good service) and instantly became known as ''the angry woman.'' She didn't sound angry to me, just hungry and tired. We waited another hour for our salads. When our entrees finally came, mine was lukewarm. I wasn't about to send it back. We had to be in a seminar at 9 the next morning, and I really wanted at least a couple hours sleep. Debra Lester is a staff writer for the Herald-Journal.
Pardon me, but is your insolence showing?
����Studies show that customers tell twice as many people about a bad experience in a business as they tell about a good one.


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Pharaoh Steed
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Would you like to relax with a glass of mulled wine and chocolates after a busy Michaelmas? Then come to OxFEST's Oxmas celebrations on Tuesday 2nd December, 5.30 – 7.30pm at Trinity College (Danson Room).
All are welcome. The event is £3 for non-members and free for OxFEST members; lifetime membership on the door is £6.
We are co-organizing this event with Accenture and so you will have an opportunity to come and say hello to our Accenture guests.


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"An outstanding novel of guys at conflict" (The Washington Post) and the e-book that encouraged the TNT television mini-series, starring Eric Dane, Rhona Mitra, Adam Baldwin and Michael Bay as government Producer
The incredible has occurred. the area has been plunged into all-out nuclear battle. crusing close to the Arctic Circle, the U.S.S. Nathan James is comparatively unscathed, however the destiny is grim and Captain Thomas is dealing with mutiny from the tattered remnants of his workforce. With civilization in ruins, he urges those who remain—one-hundred-and-fifty-two males and twenty-six women—to pull jointly looking for land. after they succeed in defense, besides the fact that, the boys and girls on board notice that they're earth's final ultimate survivors—and they've all been uncovered to radiation. while not one of the girls turns out capable of conceive, worry units in. Will this be the tip of humankind?
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Written on the peak of the chilly warfare in 1959, Common experience and Nuclear Warfare was once released in an attempt 'to hinder the disaster which might consequence from a wide scale H-bomb war'. Bertrand Russell's staunch anti-war stance is made very transparent during this hugely arguable textual content, which outlines his sharp insights into the specter of nuclear clash and what will be performed to prevent it. Russell's argument, that the single option to finish the specter of nuclear conflict is to finish warfare itself, is as correct this day because it was once on first ebook.
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Gravelotte-St-Privat used to be most likely the toughest fought of all of the battles of the Franco-Prussian conflict (1870-1871). Attacked via enhanced Prussian forces from either the 1st and moment armies, Marshal Bazaine's French military of the Rhine inflicted heavy casualties at the advancing Prussian's prior to eventually being compelled to retreat into the citadel urban of Metz. not able to damage out and with out desire of reduction Bazaine's military grimly hung on to the tip of the conflict. French failure at Gravelotte-St-Privat led on to their ultimate defeat at Sedan, the cave in of Napoleon III's regime and the proclamation of the German Empire.


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This Helen Moore Truffle Faux Fur Huff is at the top of our winter headwear must-have list.
A cross between a hat and a head band that will keep you warm as well as looking stylish throughout the cold weather, this warm head band has a small piece of elastic hidden in the back, which allows a versatile and snug wrap-around fit.
In stylish light brown, it'll smarten up any winter outfit!
One size
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text:
Word count : 1158
Rating : NC17
Notes : For the challenge but also for
Summary : Luke can't help but get hard and Sylar's had enough.
( Read more... )
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Word count : 1158
Rating : NC17
Notes : For the challenge but also for
( Read more... )
( Threesomes this way!!! )
( Read more... )
Word count : 896
Pairing : Peter and Sylar with a hint of Nathan
Notes: For the Heroes Anonymous Kink Meme
Rating : NC17
"I kiss you and the sun goes down
How come it's always dark when you're around
You're beautiful, beautiful"
The Way You Say Goodnight – The Magnetic Fields 69 Love Songs
( Lyle's eyes swam with death )
Word count : 2809
Genre : Angst with a bit of fluff. I call it 'flangst' XD
Spoilers: Up to Season 3
Disclaimer : These characters are not mine.
Rating : PG
Summary so far : Mohinder discovers that Sylar was tortured horribly whilst he was in the company cells and tries to help him to overcome what is essentially Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. He finds out that Sylar fantasised about him coming to rescue him, in a technique designed to withstand torture, although he had only seen Mohinder in a photograph at that point in time. Now they are trying to expose Sylar to the what he fears the most, the cell; he was tortured in, to see if it helps him to face up to his worries.
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Title: Love All
Rating: NC17
Wordcount: 3959
Spoilers: None
Warnings: Graphic sex
Disclaimer: Heroes belongs to Tim Kring and he would never make them have sex in tennis gear
Beta : The wondrous beauty that is
( Read more... )


text:
Trend Topics 2017
Digital medicine – successfully networked
Where medicine and research meet
Industry News
Topic of the Month
Topics of the Month 2017
September 2017: Imaging, sonography, endoscopy
August 2017: Point-of-care solutions
July 2017: Surgical lasers
June 2017: Physiotherapy
May 2017: Medical Market India
March 2017: Big Data and medicine
April 2017: Laboratory medicine: infectious diseases
February 2017: The eye
January 2017: Children and cancer
Topics of the Month 2016
December 2016: The human patient
November 2016: MEDICA 2016
October 2016: Networked healthcare
September 2016: Intraoperative Imaging
August 2016: Medical Industry Worldwide
July 2016: Sports and medicine
June 2016: Hospital hygiene
May 2016: The heart
March 2016: Paediatrics and neonatology
February 2016: Regenerative medicine
April 2016: Medical education and training
January 2016: Infectious diseases
Topics of the Month 2015
December 2015: The brain
November 2015: MEDICA
October 2015: Theranostics
September 2015: Wearables
August 2015: Nuclear medicine
July 2015: Cardiovascular disaeses
June 2015: Cancer and diagnostics
May 2015: Cancer screenings
April 2015: The informed patient
March 2015: Crisis management and communication
February 2015: Pathology
January 2015: The intestines
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December 2014: Ethics
November 2014: MEDICA 2014
October 2014: Orthopedics and physical therapy
September 2014: Intensive-care medicine
August 2014: Hygiene
July 2014: The Skin
June 2014: Sport & Medicine
May 2014: Mobile Health & IT
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February 2014: Cancer
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The "Leipzig Spoon" to cure pathological myopia
Prenatal diagnosis: genetic analysis using droplet PCR
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Modular Emergency Hospitals – Quick disaster response
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Interface between Physics and Medicine: new interdisciplinary center
Project A.L.I.N.A: Training in the interdisciplinary emergency room
Pneumonia in Children: Ultrasound or X-Rays?
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Medical devices: the road to the finished product is not easy
Laboratory automation: from note book to gesture recognition
Physician Assistant - profession with perspective
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3 questions to ...
Telehealthcare: networking brings relief
Nutrition: finding intolerances in the blood
Is the Russia crisis also a crisis for medical technology?
Video Background Reports
ICAROS VR - Training and Prevention in Virtual Reality
Light microscope ChipScope - a glimpse into living cells
Photochemical internalization – A new hope against bile duct cancer?
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Skanray Europe srl
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09/20/2017: Immune cells regulate body fat
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MEDICA Magazine
High-Energy Ultrasound Sharpens View
High-Energy Ultrasound Sharpens View
The study suggests that the imaging method known as Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound might offer a new tool for screening patients at increased risk for liver cancers, according to the researchers from Duke University's Pratt School of Engineering. They say it might also play a useful role in guiding biopsy procedures and minimally invasive therapies aimed at destroying cancerous tissues found deep in the abdomen.
First developed six years ago by Duke biomedical engineers Gregg Trahey and Kathy Nightingale, ARFI uses high-energy sound waves to push on tissues like sonic fingers. A tracking beam then captures the movement of the tissue, providing a measure of its elasticity or stiffness.
"To our knowledge, these are the first images of abdominal malignancies in humans that show tissue elasticity," said Trahey, professor of biomedical engineering, radiology and medical physics at Duke.
In general, primary liver cancers are soft while those that have spread from other organs are hard. ARFI may be able to tell the difference between hard and soft tumors, Trahey said. "If borne out in further studies, that discriminating ability suggests that ARFI may be useful in guiding treatment decisions."
"All current imaging methods — including CT, MRI and ultrasound — have mediocre performance in the detection of early liver cancers," he added. "There is a potential role for ARFI because it is low cost and can be built on conventional ultrasound machines."
In the new study, the researchers captured ARFI images of 12 tumors in nine patients, including seven liver and two kidney tumors, and compared them to traditional ultrasound. The ARFI pictures showed greater contrast than standard ultrasound, providing clearer definition of the edges of cancerous masses.
MEDICA.de; Source:
Duke University


text: Daniel is an experienced tutor specializing in SAT/ACT prep and K-6 literacy. After graduating from Harvard University in 2009 with a degree in English Literature, Daniel spent three years as a classroom teacher, last teaching in Manhattan. Nowadays he lives in Teaneck, New Jersey, where he sings baritone in a classical chorus.


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SUMMARY: It's a flask. It's silver and made from steel. It keeps drinks warm. Really, what more do you want to know?
Finding just the right travel backpack for you can be a hard task. This is true whether you're a business traveler making shorter trips, or someone who is looking to go backpacking in a foreign country for extended periods. Depending on the size of your torso and/or overall body size, it may be a cha...
Possessing a camera can allow you to capture the best moments of your lifetime and while there are many variations, the point and shoot style cameras tend to be the most popular outside of smartphone cameras. In this day and age, almost every single smartphone on the market comes equipped with a high...
When it comes to GPS technology, Garmin is amongst the juggernauts in manufacturing. It is a debatable point, but they may be the best in the world when it comes to making devices centered around GPS. They do not cater towards one type of device, either, as they make GPS watches, handhelds, and mount...
In the era that we all live in today, there are so many ways to achieve navigation. While you have your standard compass and GPS devices, the most popular and convenient means for navigation may just be GPS applications. As the world is heavily driven on smartphones, this allows you to install GPS di...
If you've ever thrown your outdoor gear loosely in the back of your truck, then taken off to your next adventure, you've probably discovered after arriving that your gear is now in chaos. To make sure your gear always arrives organized and in tact each time you set to play outside, consider purchasin...
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Twin peaks
Pozrite si súvisiace témy
Inspired by Twin Peaks. A take on the welcome to Twin Peaks sign. $14 8x10 (image size) printed on 8x10 matte paper. $18 11x14 (image size)
Best show EVER!!! I still crush hard on agent dale cooper from twin peaks! <3 and Audrey Horne rocks
Special Agent Dale Cooper - TWIN PEAKS
Twin Peaks is an American television serial drama created by Mark Frost and David Lynch.
Lots of patterns in the back would be really cool. Perhaps creating a theme since in my video you won't be able to see faces the backgrounds become a face. O represent one.
Twin Peaks superprint - ugh, this is amazing. Plus, you can get prints of smaller trios.
Laura Dern in Twin Peaks: The Return
Twin Peaks Poster Print Damn Good Coffee Poster by SaulsCreative
The girls of Twin Peaks! (I still think Sheryl Lee as Madeleine Ferguson should have been in this photo shoot as well)
One of my favorite scenes: Agent Cooper comes face 2 face with a llama at David Lynch's Twin Peaks TV series.
Twin Peaks Season 3
twin peaks-crossed over triangles tattoo
Audrey Horne - Twin Peaks
TWIN PEAKS CAFE Art Print by VAGABOND