text: It holiday time of year. After a diligent period of work at your office your calendar is saying you can finally rest kids are back at home with short closure of schools and colleges and it seems your better half is also missing something. All and all everything is pointing towards just one thing %u2013 Summer Holidays. And who in this amazing world can neglect Bahamas when it comes to summer holidays. Cbr E Cbr EA respite from this chaotic running world in the world most rejuvenating surroundings Ca target D _blank target D_blank href D http A//www.crystaltravel.co.uk/holidays-packages/caribbean/bahamas.aspx E summer holidays in Bahamas C/b E C/a E are a compact remedy to pamper your whole family at a time. Perched over a spectacular in the roaring Atlantic Ocean Bahamas is a vigilant union of thousands of tiny isles and cays areas embracing mighty blend of nature wildlife history art and culture. Cbr E Cbr E Cimg class="img-responsive" src D http A//www.crystalmsuk.com/images/Beautiful Bahamas.jpg alt D Beautiful Bahamas title D Beautiful Bahamas align D middle border D 2 height D 289 hspace D 2 vspace D 2 width D 415 E Cbr E Cbr EBahamas is undoubtedly a hot pick for vacationers and its marvelous offerings are suitable for all sorts of voyagers. Whether you want a personal corner to express your affection for your dream-mate or just want to tempt your kids with trip to adventurous landscapes you want to grab a luxury experience or just don want to stretch your budget Bahamas will mesmerize you. Cbr E Cbr EBe the neighbor of dolphins swimming in its crystal clear sea waters make ocean your playground going for diving and surfing reignite your love in its panoramic caves soak up the local culture by celebrating fantastic festivals of them enjoy delicious dishes in its trendy restaurants make your feet go for a restless sightseeing or recheck your smart shopping abilities in its duty-free shopping regions there is definitely everything for everyone in Bahamas. Cbr E Cbr E Things to Do in Bahamas C/b E Cbr E Cbr E Hit the Beaches C/b E Cbr EBeaches are certainly the biggest pullers of travelers in Bahamas. Regarded as world finest beaches with purest and crystal clear waters white sanded oceanfronts beaches in Bahamas will redefine your own definition of heaven. Stroll across the shores with hands in hands of your partner enjoy a family picnic find a nap or if looking for some instant energy step in a nearby resort and pamper your soul with a seducing spa. Cbr E Cbr E Cimg class="img-responsive" src D http A//www.crystalmsuk.com/images/Beaches in Bahamas.jpg alt D Beaches in Bahamas title D Beaches in Bahamas align D middle border D 2 height D 266 hspace D 2 vspace D 2 width D 400 E Cbr E Cbr E Go for Sightseeing C/b E Cbr E Cbr EMore than 2000 small islands and caves combine themselves in a magnificent shape to form Bahamas and ensure travelers will receive an endless array of attractive places natural as well as manmade. Wander across the nation capturing glimpses of its neat nature colorful culture captivating history and much more.%26nbsp B Personal boats are available to reach to its exotic caves and exciting islands while on land you can hire jeep personal bikes and cycles. Special guided tours are offered across the capital Nassau and few other islands.%26nbsp B%26nbsp B %26nbsp B Cbr E Cbr E Shop till You Drop C/b E Cbr E Cbr EBefore leaving back for the home make sure your camera and bags both are full of sweet memories of Bahamas holiday packages taken. While sightseeing does it for your cameras nation open-air market regions with elegant shops lined both sides will do it for your bags. You can get lucrative deals on a myriad of traditional clothing jewelries artworks accessories and several other Bahamian goods. Cbr E


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Monmouth University computer training online
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Get the facts about Monmouth University computer training online, and registering for elective seminars and lectures. Which college degrees give you the best chances of finding employment after graduation? Whether you are considering an associates degree, or a bachelor of business administration degree, your investment may pay off with a higher-paying job, or an in-house promotion. Concentrating on Monmouth University computer training online, for example, you may gain an advantage in corporate recruiting being done on-campus. Check with the IT certificate department for course registration deadlines, and computer training program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Monmouth University.
Doing business online is one of your best options to raise extra income. Success is governed by two main factors, visitor traffic and sales conversions. How many of the right people can you attract to your site, and how many of those people can you persuade to take a given action? There's no rent to pay when starting a business online, unless you count yearly domain name registration and monthly website hosting, both of which are minor. Basically, you need to register a domain name describing the type of business you want to start, and then build the website using a template in HTML, adding a database and programming routines as needed.
Just making a website isn't enough, if no-one can find it on Google, Yahoo, Bing, or Baidu, which collectively account for 94% of all searches. You'll then need online marketing skills, and the ability to drive conversions. To get valid incoming links, write some more articles, and submit to article hubs, or post on Facebook and Google Sites, with 3 to 4 links on each page that deep-link to your own website pages, not just to your homepage. Beyond major requirements within the IT certificate department, you may consider Newberry College classroom map as a complementary elective to your primary course of study.
Overnight (3rd shift) Food Service Worker - FedEx
ARMK) is in the customer service business across food, facilities and uniforms, wherever people work, learn, recover, and play..
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This is a full-time position with typical 8AM-5PM business hours. PTC will log the referral on the inbound excel spreadsheet and fill out the appropriate data.
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If the submission did not meet the BRET requirements, the Q&RM Analyst would then need to formulate questions and elicit feedback from the client that would..
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Knowledge of preferred business practices. Skill in data analysis and problem solving. Business, communication, social and behavioral sciences.
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Network within the community to gain referral business. Retail sales, sales goals, commission sales, account executive..
3 days ago

subset: commoncrawl


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GSN Games is completely satisfied with Program-Ace's technical expertise and the quality of services they provide. We look forward to collaborating with Program-Ace again...
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Today mobile devices (phone, smartphone, PDA, tablets) are necessary and it is very difficult to imagine our life without such devices in the pocket. Nowadays mobile devices are able not only to make calls, but also to provide the possibility of communication and collaboration with family, friends, office and work all over the world. Nowadays any mobile device provides wide range of features: messaging, gaming, listening to music, watching video, social networking, shopping, web browsing, news consumption, etc. That is why smartphones and tablets became more popular during the recent years.
Thus mobile devices industry evolved a lot and permanently expands: mobile phones, smartphones, tablet sales, mobile Internet subscribers and app downloads — all predicts bright future for the industry.
First of all the figures are impressive:
Increasing smartphone sales, growing tablet market and constant achievements in mobile device and game development show that this industry will become more interesting in the coming years.
More and more people prefer to use mobile devices for Internet access comparing to traditional desktop computer. As this trend continues, the mobile devices user base constantly increases; and hence the manufacturers of mobile phones and communication devices are working tirelessly to advance the technical and functional features and flexibility of their products and services.
The mobile applications are applications working on mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, PPCs or tablets. Mobile apps are usually preinstalled on the device or could be installed by the user with the help of network, infrared connection, Bluetooth, WiFi, 3G or memory card and USB cable.
Thus mobile devices market grows as well as mobile applications market. Today, mobile applications development is the most potential market which is focused on any small, medium or large mobile applications. People want to buy travel tickets, order food, buy movie tickets, pay debts, access their social networking sites, edit documents, share photos and play games with the help of their mobile phones.
Most mobile devices have basic applications, but you can download thousands of other applications to customize your mobile device. To run successfull business far from the office, it's important to have shared mobile business tools to view and edit Microsoft Office documents (e.g.QuickOffice), powerful organizers (complex schedules, contacts etc.), online services (e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter), online conference (e.g. Skype), maps (e.g. Google Maps), Business cards (e.g. Google Goggles, Bump) etc.
Here are some facts about mobile application:
Apps which improve access to information and provide simple, elegant, impressive features and capabilities will attract users' attention. This ensures your mobile application to be top popular.
The main asked-for types of mobile applications
There are three simple mobile apps revenue models to be used:
Free or paid is the main question of all digital content today. Either way, price and any potential trade-offs should be clear.
If you post your application to the App store then Apple's share will be 30% and 70% will be your profit. So if a cost of simple and useful mobile application development is about $10 000 then 15 thousand of downloads is enough to pay off development and continue to receive profit (if the price is $1).
At the same time Android applications could be distributed in different ways. You do not have to rely on a single market for applications distribution. You can use any number of third-party application stores (especially in Google Android Market) and form your own distribution networks also - to develop new application stores and place them on your websites.
If you have an idea and you think about mobile application development, we are ready to develop your idea and to make it come true.
Before new mobile application development you should answer the following questions:
Mobile application development requires certain skills and qualifications, as well as creativity and experience in gaming industry. Our all-round experience, wide expertise and unique talent allow us to make your mobile application idea come true.
Program-Ace offers to implement any mobile application which will match all needs of any client and any project (from simple to online multiplayer mobile applications). Our brilliant 3D and 2D artists, programmers and game designers realize your project applying best practices and experience. Our team has great experience in mobile development and supports the most popular platforms: iOS (iPhone, iPad, iPod touch), Android, Windows Phone, Blackberry
For more information regarding our mobile development services kindly look through our article:
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Ukraine +38 067 578 40 46
Skype: program.ace
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Kharkiv, Ukraine


text: Yes, the rumors are true—you can get a one-year subscription to COLLIDE for just $12 between now and Wednesday, October 22. If you're new to COLLIDE and have no idea what our magazine is all about, feel free to poke around the site. Even better, feel free to check out this special, "Best of COLLIDE" digital preview that we put together. If you're already a COLLIDE subscriber, you can take advantage of this special offer by renewing your subscription for just $12. On Wednesday, the subscription price goes back up to our normal $19.95.


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Download the PPT slides (PDF).
California Accountability Communications Toolkit
California's new accountability and continuous improvement system provides information about how local educational agencies and schools are meeting the needs of California's diverse student population based on a concise set of measures. View the online communications toolkit from the California Department of Education.


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Senior Associate
Message Imani Mamalution
Our first annual member awards was held in Bali in January 2016 – pictures coming soon as well as details of the winners.
We also recognise our member achievements at all of our global events:
We are proud to be a member of the UK DSA.
Member of the Direct Sellers Association of Pakistan.
Member of the Direct Sellers Association of United Arab Emirates.
Julian Bolster-Think Like an Entrepreneur
Would you like to uncover the entrepreneur within you? In this session, Julian will share techniques that will reconnect you with your inner entrepreneur so that you can successfully create the life you want!
We record conferences and events, and produce marketing materials in many languages that you can share.
Take a look at our latest videos.


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Fujairah National Shipping (FNS) is launching an ambitious bid to become one of the top three maritime services companies in the region by the end of 2018.
Lift truck specialist Konecranes has delivered four SMV 4531 TC5 reach stackers to S.A. Talke, a logistics supplier to the petrochemical sector in Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia will be seeking bidders for the construction of a 1,000-mile (1,600-kilometer) railroad linking the Red Sea with the Arabian Gulf as early as the end of this year.
The German shipping line Hapag-Lloyd is buying 7,700 new reefer containers in response to a surge in demand for cold chain shipping services following its merger with UASC.
Seatrade Offshore conference in Abu Dhabi to explore major new financial threat to Middle East shipping.
DP World to acquire Dubai Maritime City and Drydocks World assets for total cash consideration of US$ 405 million.
The technology group Wärtsilä is introducing a new portfolio of tug designs, to be known as the Wärtsilä HYTug series, with the emphasis on environmental sustainability.
DP World is pulling out of Indonesia due to contract renewal terms offered by the Indonesian authorities that "did not meet [DP World's] threshold for continued investment".
On October 1st, 2017 the UAE will introduce new taxes on soft drinks and tobacco, here's what 3PLs and warehouse operators need to know about the tax.
All cargo airline Cargolux will from September this year carry all of its Dubai World Central (DWC) cargoes aboard planes operated by Emirates SkyCargo.
Hong Kong and Dubai are at the crossroads of world trade, with infrastructure development in both cities essential to maximise China's one belt, one road project.
Abu Dhabi Ports recognised for exceptional security management with ISO 28000 certification.
Gulftainer's Flemming Dalgaard named industry CEO of the Year at CEO Middle East Awards 2017.
HH Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Ruler of Dubai had dispatched a Boeing 747 cargo plane loaded with tents to shelter Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.
DP World Sokhna in Egypt has welcomed the first Baby Capesize dry cargo vessel 'Mini' to the port.


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Delivering the combination of consulting, product elements, and services that's right for you.
Improve business and operational performance without costly technology transformations.Learn more
Our professional consulting teams use state-of-the art methodologies to solve complex business and technology challenges.Learn more
A proven track record of success in delivering high-end value to our customers.Learn more
Delivering the combination of consulting, product elements, and services that's right for you.
Reduced Downtime through High Availability
A high-availability infrastructure has helped this tier 1 communications and media operator protect mission critical servers.
High Growth with Successful New Market Delivery
A superior customer experience and solid business structure helped this Canadian wireless provider to add 700,000 subscribers.
MVNOs…the term is so 1990s, right? Think again. Mobile virtual network operators have been around for nearly 20 years, and there's a reason for that...
Angela McIntyre /
2017 is becoming the year of software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV). Boosted by early adoption from carriers such as AT&T, communications service...
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Boosted by early adoption from carriers such as AT&T, Telefónica and China Mobile, communications service providers (CSPs) are beginning to ramp up their i...
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The modern telecommunications industry is changing more and faster than it ever has before. For the largest carriers, this means opportunity – in the form of new products, wholesale offerings and even new lines of business – but also signif...
Conquer Complexity. Unleash Opportunity.


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PHP 5.5 reaches end of life this month, share of WordPress sites on unsupported PHP versions goes up to 80% again wordpress.org/about/stats/
WordPress APIs Developer Satisfaction survey goo.gl/forms/mmjqvSLj… (please RT, I rarely ask :)
What to expect from PHP7 speakerdeck.com/lornajane/what… by @lornajane
technical side of internet was going to hell at alarming rate, but then JS got popular again. now it's going to hell *much* faster.
in one month 86% of WordPress sites will be running on PHP versions without security updates. that would be 21% of the internet, right? nice
Quantifying WordPress developer experience rarst.net/wordpress/deve…


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Hotel Katajanokka
Having split from an international chain, this is now one of Helsinki's few independent hotels and better for it. Hotel Katajanokka has a refreshingly authentic, welcoming character, belying its historic function as a jail dating from the 19th century.
- Tim Bird, Travel writer
Katajanokka is a quiet but charming residential area, and the main Market Square, ferry terminals for Tallinn and Stockholm, and historic Senate Square are within a radius of less than a mile. For those who don't fancy the 15-minute walk into town, regular trams leave from a nearby stop. Enchanting art nouveau Jugenstil buildings and the onion spires of the Orthodox cathedral are on your doorstep and the sea is near. This is a good retreat for city explorations.
Style & character
The prison theme and block layout, with bars across the room windows and original stairways, is maintained without comprimising on comfort. You can take a peep at old isolation cells and buy striped shirts and other jail-themed souvenirs at the reception shop. The jail concept is inescapable but unobtrusive, and part of the quirky charm. Even the prison chapel still functions and is popular for weddings.
Service & facilities
Maps and brochures are available, and knowledgeable, helpful staff are trained to offer advice for making the most of Helsinki, especially as the hotel is a little removed from the main city action. There is no spa or business centre, but a small gym and a sauna. Bicycles are available for rent.
- Bar
- Fitness centre
- Laundry
- Parking
- Restaurant
- Room service
- Sauna
- Wi-Fi
The prison theme recurrs in the bars over the windows, but peace and quiet are among the advantages of those thick prison walls! Air-cooled rooms have tea- and coffee-making facilities and minibars. Fittings are comfortable though not elaborate. Tiled bathrooms have showers; some Premier rooms and the Junior Suite have baths too.
Food & drink
The Linnankellari restaurant in the refurbished redbrick cellar is open daily for breakfast, lunch and dinner, with dishes including traditional fish soup with dark archipelago bread, a 'jail burger' and club sandwich. Breakfast is an appetsing buffet, including cold cuts and an egg station. The bar includes a selection of local beers and extends to a lovely sheltered courtyard terrace in summer, with live music on Thursdays.
Value for money
Double rooms from £103 in low season; rising to £130 in high. Breakfast included. Free Wi-Fi.
Access for guests with disabilities?
Five rooms are wheelchair-accessible.
Children enjoy the prison theme and there's a playroom.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 27, 2006
|Filing date
|Jan 12, 2002
|Priority date
|Jan 12, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Vinh N. Le
|Original Assignee
|Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (5), Classifications (41), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improved chemical reaction apparatus which is capable of removing large heat fluxes from a viscous reaction mixture while maintaining the reaction mixture at essentially isothermal conditions. The invention also relates to a method of conducting chemical reactions, and in particular, polymerization reactions, at essentially isothermal conditions using the novel reactor of the invention.
2. Description of Related Art
A variety of commercially important chemical reactions, and in particular polymerization reactions, require that reactants be maintained within a narrow temperature range to achieve desired product properties.
In the case of certain polymerization reactions, due to the low conductivity and high viscosity of the reaction mixture, heat transfer is a limiting factor in reactor design. Further, it is frequently not possible to compensate for the low conductivity of a polymer reaction mixture by using lower coolant temperatures because low coolant temperatures cause polymer solidification in the reactor. In many polymer reactors, the poor heat transfer characteristics of polymer reaction mixture results in poor reaction temperature control resulting in the formation of undesirable products in the reactor. For example, temperature variations in polymer reactors can lead to the formation of polymer products having lower molecular weight than desired. This negatively affects the flow and mechanical properties of the desired polymer end product. Since it is frequently the case that undesirable polymer reaction products are not easily separated from desired polymer products, many attempts have been made to produce polymer reactors which are capable of controlling, within a narrow temperature range, the reaction temperature of highly viscous reactants with poor thermal conductivity.
A wide variety of designs have been developed for continuous flow polymerization reactors which can handle viscous process liquids with poor thermal conductivity.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,727,884 to McDonald describes a polymer reactor which uses forced convection heat transfer. In this reactor, banks of cooling tubes in which a heat transfer fluid is circulated are gently agitated in the polymer reaction mixture. The agitation improves heat transfer, and at the same time preventing channeling of less viscous material in the reactor. Examples of another type of mechanically agitated, convection-type reactor, known as a wiped-film reactor, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,513,145 to Crawford, U.S. Pat. No. 3,679,651 to Kii and U.S. Pat. No. 4,011,284 to Gawne. The construction of the internal coils required by such reactors is extremely labor intensive and therefore very costly. Further, the internal heat transfer coils employed in such reactors have a history of failure causing polymer to be contaminated with heat transfer oil. Despite the agitation in these reactors, the heat transfer characteristic of wiped-film reactors is nevertheless poor and hot spots frequently develop in such reactors.
Another example of a polymer reactor designed to provide high heat removal capability is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,838,139 to Latinen. This patent describes a horizontal cylindrical reactor vessel equipped with an agitator consisting of a plurality of discs with small clearance with respect to the cylindrical vessel. The discs divide the reactor vessel into compartments. The heat of reaction is removed from the reactor by the direct evaporation of a volatile monomer from the reaction mixture. Although this form of heat transfer is generally accepted as more efficient than convection, hot spots with temperature difference as high as 5–10� C. are still experienced. Further, the temperature in the various compartments of the reactor are not necessarily the same due to different polymer concentrations and reaction rates in the compartments.
Using the vaporization of volatile monomer reactants to remove the heat reaction from a polymer reaction mixture is generally not workable when the polymer reaction involves the co-polymerization of more than one monomer. In such cases, the vaporization of the different monomers is generally not equal causing uncontrolled concentration of the different co-monomers. Consequentially, the use of direct evaporation is to be avoided in such cases.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,419,488 to Fukumoto discloses another direct evaporation-type polymerization reactor. The inclusion of a mechanical agitator in a polymer reactor is often an unwanted necessity to improve heat transfer and homogeneity. These devices are costly, require much maintenance and can cause quality problems because the agitator shaft seal is often a source of air ingress to a reactor, which can generate undesirable oxidation by-products such as aldehydes and ketones. These compounds can retard a polymerization reaction and can cause product discoloration.
Several designs have eliminated the use of mechanical agitators in polymer reactors. U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,162 to Tollar and European Patent No. 0150225 A1 describe the use of flat annular plates disposed coaxially within a reactor shell. This concept can be applied to a polymerization reactor with a viscous reaction mixture by causing the heat of reaction to first be absorbed by conduction through the flat annular plates and then by conductive tubes which are in contact with the annular plates and then by convection into an appropriate heat transfer liquid flowing through the conductive tubes. The temperature in such reactor is usually well controlled, however, the volume occupied by the annular plates and tubes in the reactor reduce available reactor volume significantly. Variations of this heat transfer mechanism has been proposed by other inventors such as Oldershaw in U.S. Pat. No. 3,014,702, Brassie in U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,899, Aneja in U.S. Pat. No. 4,808,262 and Mattiussi in U.S. Pat. No. 5,084,134.
Anionic polymerization reactions have also been conducted in continuous stirred tank reactors. However, such reactions must generally proceed at low temperature due to the extreme reactivity of the reactants. Because it is desirable to operate continuous flow reactors hydraulically full to enable simple process control, heat removal in these reactors cannot depend on evaporation. Consequently, such reactors most often rely upon cooling jackets for heat transfer. However, the effectiveness of cooling jackets on anionic polymerization reactors is constrained by the low heat transfer coefficients applying of the convection mechanism and by the limited range of coolant temperature imposed by polymer solidification temperatures.
It would be desirable if there were available a continuous reactor for viscous polymer reaction mixtures with improved heat removal capability and with the capability of maintaining an essentially isothermal temperature profile throughout the reactor regardless of any varying heat loads associated with different reaction rates or reaction products. It would also be desirable if such a reactor were to be easy to construct, operate and maintain. It would further be desirable if the reactor were to have a relatively large void fraction for the conduct of polymerization reactions in as small a vessel as possible.
These benefits and other advantages are achieved with the present invention.
A stratified flow reactor of the invention consists of a shell, a heat transfer fluid channel, at least one heat pipe and a plurality of fins. The reaction zone is the shell side of the reactor and the heat pipe or heat pipes with fins mounted thereon extend through the reaction zone. The heat pipe or pipes are in fluid communication with the heat transfer fluid channel. The reactor vessel is closed at one end with at the other end being a cooling chamber through which the heat pipe or multiple heat pipes protrude. The heat pipe or pipes act as super heat conductors from the fins to the heat transfer fluid channel. In a preferred embodiment, the stratified flow react if the invention is a continuous flow polymerization reactor.
As described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,350,348 to Gaugler, heat pipes utilize evaporation of a heat transfer fluid from a porous medium affixed to a heat transfer surface to absorb heat. In the present invention, the heat pipe removes the heat of reaction from the reaction mixture by evaporative cooling from the heat transfer surface of the heat pipe system. The porous medium on the heat transfer surface is commonly referred to as a "wick". The evaporation of the heat transfer fluid from the porous medium or wick enjoys extremely good heat transfer coefficients and enables extremely high heat flux at essentially isothermal conditions. If desired, the evaporated heat transfer fluid is condensed and returned to the heat transfer zone of the reactor. Since heat transfer coefficients associated with condensation are also high, both the heat absorption and heat release segments of the heat pipe equipped reactor of the invention enjoy very high heat flux rates.
The benefits of utilizing a heat pipe heat transfer device in the reactor of the invention as described are derived from its converting what would otherwise be convection heat transfer or submerged heat transfer surface evaporative cooling to evaporative cooling of a thin film from a porous surface from which the evaporated heat transfer fluid can quickly and easily escape. Convection heat transfer is limited by many factors, including the velocity of the heat transfer fluid, the temperature differential between the reaction mixture and the cooling fluid, the viscosity of the heat transfer fluids, the surface area available for heat transfer, the materials of construction of the heat transfer device and the condition of the heat transfer surfaces, i.e., whether they are fouled. Conventional evaporative cooling from a submerged heat transfer surface enjoys higher heat transfer coefficients than convection cooling, but is limited by the liquid phase surrounding the submerged tubes. The heat pipe substitutes thin film evaporation for submerged heat transfer surface boiling with a corresponding improvement of the tube side heat transfer coefficient of up to 10 times. Further, the heat release segment of the reactor of the invention relies upon the condensation of a heat transfer fluid which can take place in a condenser which is remote from the reactor, so that the surface area available for cooling need not be limited to the area of the heat pipe. Accordingly, condenser(s) with sufficient surface area to handle the required heat flux can be located away from the reactor of the invention while still being in close proximity to it.
Because the evaporation of a pure heat transfer fluid occurs at a single temperature and the heat transfer coefficients for the heat pipe heat transfer system of the present invention are very good, a stratified flow reactor equipped with a heat pipe heat exchange device according to the present invention can be operated at essentially isothermal conditions.
As described by Faghri ("Heat Pipe Science and Technology", Taylor and Francis, 1995) and by Peterson ("An Introduction to Heat Pipes", John Wesley & Sons, 1994), the choice of the material of construction, the choice of the heat transfer fluid and the design of the wick structure for the heat pipe apparatus of the invention are within the capability of those skilled in the art. The materials of construction in contact with the heat transfer fluid are commonly selected from copper and copper alloys, aluminum and its alloys and stainless steels.
Although the term heat "pipe" is used in the description of this invention, innumerable configurations are possible, some of which are far from the cylindrical shape of a conventional pipe. For example, possible shapes could be, but are not limited to, flat, rectangular, annular, polygonal or tubular. When tubular heat pipe design is used, tube size can vary from less than 1 mm to several cm in diameter.
The heat pipe heat transfer system of the present invention is comprised of two or three sections: (1) an evaporator section where heat is absorbed by vaporizing a liquid heat transfer fluid, (2) an adiabatic section where the vaporized heat transfer fluid flows without changing state, and optionally, (3) a condenser section where the vaporized heat transfer fluid is condensed using an external source of cooling. The heat transfer fluid condensate can be returned to the evaporator section of the reactor by gravity or by pumping. The evaporator section of the heat pipe heat transfer system of the invention is comprised of a heat transfer tube having a porous surface or wicked internal surface. The heat transfer fluid is supplied to the porous or wicked heat pipe surface where the wicking action of the porous surface or wick wets the heat pipe with a thin film of heat transfer fluid. Because wicking is a surface tension phenomenon which can be limited in long heat pipes by liquid head, it is sometimes preferred for a reactor according to the invention to be comprised of multi-reactor sections, each having heat pipe transfer zones.
The heat pipe of the invention may be 1) sealed or 2) of the thermosyphon type.
When a reaction mixture is viscous such as a polymer syrup, heat transfer through the reactor of the invention is superior to convection, direct evaporation or conduction. The invention utilizes all three of these methods of heat transfer with maximum effectiveness without causing detrimental side effects. Heat of reaction is evenly extracted from the reacting viscous polymer syrup as it flows, in a laminar fashion, past the plurality of fins in the reactor shell. The fins can be made of a multitude of geometric shapes and materials of construction. Using conductive metals such as copper and aluminum alloys enhances thermal performance when these the materials are compatible with the process fluid. Conductance is further increased by constructing flat heat pipes as fins or embedding mini heat pipes within conventional fins. Conductance over long distance is avoided by locating the fins a short distance from the heat pipe or heat pipes. The heat pipe or pipes of the reactor act as collecting header(s) where the heat of reaction is transferred very quickly through indirect evaporation. No evaporation of monomers is involved. The use of a suitable internal fluid with a high latent heat of evaporation, such as water, can even improve heat transfer over the direct evaporation of the monomers themselves.
The design of a heat pipe for use a reactor according the invention depends on such factors as chemical resistance and compatibility, temperature range, operating pressure and desired heat flux.
In the sealed heat pipe embodiment of the invention, at the condenser end of the reactor, the heat of reaction is transferred to a condenser heat transfer fluid using forced convection turbulent flow heat transfer. Preferably, the condenser heat transfer fluid has relatively low viscosity and enables high heat transfer coefficients. The reactor of the invention does not require the use of any rotating equipment.
If a heat pipe in the reactor fails, the reactor is minimally affected as small and temporary contamination with the heat transfer fluid does not require a plant outage and heat load is taken over by other heat pipes in the vicinity of the failed heat pipe. The improved reliability means extended service life and low maintenance cost.
In the thermosyphon heat pipe embodiment of the invention, gravity or a pump is used to return reactor heat transfer fluid condensate to the reactor heat pipe(s) through separate piping. In a variant of this embodiment, the heat pipe(s) can communicate with a low-pressure vapor (steam) header serving a network of vapor (steam) users. In such case, a source of clean heat transfer fluid, such as boiler feed water, is required. The advantages of using thermosyphon heat pipe(s) in the reactor of the invention over sealed heat pipes include: 1) the cogeneration of low-pressure steam from reactor waste heat and elimination of reactor coolers, and 2) enabling the remote location of condensers with more surface area and multiple forms of cooling.
In the reactor of the invention, the heat transfer fluid is chosen to assure trouble free heat pipe operation depending on the temperature of operation. It can be selected from liquids having the desired boiling point at a selected operating pressure. Common heat transfer fluids are water, acetone, alkanes, ammonia, fluorocarbons, aromatic solvents and even pure liquid metals.
The wick utilized in the invention can be comprised of fiber mats, sintered metal powders of spherical or non-spherical shape, of single size or multiple sizes, and metal screens in single or multiple layers, all with or without external surface enhancements, such as fins. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the porous surface or wick is applied to the interior surface of the heat pipe by preparing a paste of metal powder with a liquid binder, applying the paste to the inside surface of the heat pipe and then heating the heat pipe to evaporate the liquid binder and sinter the metal powder to the interior surface of the heat pipe. Alternatively, a dummy core is inserted into the heat pipe and metal powder is sifted into the space between the core and the interior of the heat pipe. The heat pipe is then heated to sinter the metal powder to the surface of the heat pipe and the core then removed. A metal powder which may be advantageously used in the invention is copper powder.
In a preferred practice, two or more reactors of the invention are operated in series so as to provide multiple temperature zones suitable for manufacturing polymers of the desired properties. Isothermal reactors are particularly required when the rate of reaction is high (such as in anionic polymerization) or when the rate of heat removal is low (due to high viscosity, poor heat conductivity or low velocity).
In the case of thermosyphons, heat pipe temperature is regulated by the pressure of the heat transfer fluid. In the case of sealed heat pipes, heat pipes operating temperature is regulated by the circulating condenser heat transfer medium temperature. Temperature over the entire reactor can be controlled well within 1 degree C.
The reactor of the invention can be operated hydraulically full, meaning without vapor space. In this way, for any given flow rate of reactants the residence time in the reactor is known. This flow scheme simplifies process control enormously. A pump is used to push the material through the reactor or a series of reactors. Flow measurement can be made simply and accurately at the beginning of the process when viscosity is low, and there is no need to control the level or net weight of the reaction vessel, as is required with partially full reactors. Simplified instrumentation and control translates into very predictable and consistent polymer properties and ease of operation.
Any polymerization reaction system in the liquid phase may be used in the reactor of the present invention. The polymer reaction mixtures or syrups can be solutions of polymer or co-polymers in their respective monomers (mass polymerization) and solutions of polymers in solvents and their monomers (solution polymerization) generally having viscosities ranging from 1,000 cp to 500,000 cp and preferably ranging from 10,000 cp to 200,000 cp. Examples of monomers or co-monomers usable with this invention are:
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the annexed drawings, in which:
Chemical reactors with heat pipe heat transfer devices and methods of using such devices to perform chemical reactions are disclosed. In the following detailed description of the invention, for purposes of explanation, specific features, materials, dimensions and the like may be set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known devices are shown in simplified or block diagram form so as not to obscure the invention unnecessarily.
With reference to
Heat pipe 20 is equipped with fins 22 which are mounted on heat pipe 20 so as to enable good thermal conductivity between fins 22 and heat pipe 20. Fins 22 are spaced apart along the length of heat pipe 20 using spacers 23. Heat pipe 20 extends through outlet head 33 into condenser 40. Condenser section 44 of heat pipe 20 in condenser 40 can optionally be equipped with fins on its external surface. Heat pipe 20 is mounted on outlet head 33 in sealed fashion to prevent the flow of reactants from reaction zone 31 into condenser 40 or coolant from condenser 40 into reaction zone 31. Condenser 40 is comprised of closed shell 41. Condenser 40 is mounted on reactor 10 at outlet head 33.
Liquid coolant is fed into condenser 40 through coolant feed nozzle 42 and exits condenser 40 through coolant outlet nozzle 43. Heat pipe 20 contains a liquid heat transfer fluid ("HTF") having a boiling point which is the same as the design operating temperature of reactor 10. Heat pipe 20 contains an amount of HTF which is sufficient to fully wet wick surface 21 within heat pipe 20 and to fill the remaining space of heat pipe 20 with vaporized HTF. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, wick surface 21 extends into a pool liquid HTF below level L in heat pipe 20 so that capillary action can draw liquid HTF into wick surface 21. The heat of reaction released by the reactants in reaction zone 31 is conducted through fin 22 and heat pipe 20 and causes the evaporation of the HTF on wick surface 21, which draws more wetting of wick surface 21 by capillary pumping. The HTF evaporated from wick surface 21 flows through the center of heat pipe 20 into condenser section 44 of heat pipe 20. The vaporized HTF transfers its heat of vaporization to the coolant in condenser 40 by conduction through the wall of heat pipe 20. This causes the evaporated HTF in heat pipe section 24 to condense and then flow down heat pipe 20, so that it is available for the rewetting of wick surface 21.
In the vertical reactor orientation of the invention depicted in
Reactor 10 is equipped with baffles 34 to cause the reaction mixture to flow between fins 22.
In operation, upon entry of a reaction mixture into reaction zone 31 an exothermic chemical reaction commences or continues and releases its heat of reaction to fins 22. The heat of reaction is conducted through fins 22 to heat pipe 20, and then by conduction through heat pipe 20 to the HTF on wick surface 21 on the interior surface of heat pipe 20. The heat of reaction causes the liquid HTF to vaporize and flow through the center of heat pipe 20 to condenser 40 where the vaporized HTF gives up its heat of vaporization to the condenser coolant and condenses to form liquid HTF. The liquid HTF flows down wick surface 21 from condenser 40 rewetting wick surface 21 from the top and also flows down the center of heat pipe 20 to form a liquid pool extending to elevation L at the bottom of heat pipe 20. The liquid pool at the bottom of heat pipe 20 provides HTF to rewet wick surface 21 by capillary pumping.
In reaction zone 31, as the reaction mixture flows between fins 22 following the path defined by baffles 34, it continues to react to form the desire product at essentially isothermal conditions because of the intimate contact of the reaction mixture with fins 32 and the excellent isothermal heat transfer enabled by heat pipe 20.
With reference to
Heat pipe 120 is equipped with fins 122 which are mounted on heat pipe 120 so as to enable good thermal conductivity between fins 122 and heat pipe 120. Fins 122 are spaced apart along the length of heat pipe 120 using spacers 123. Heat pipe 120 extends through inlet head 132 and outlet head 133 in sealed fashion to prevent the leaking of reactants from reaction zone 131. Heat pipe outlet 124 communicates with condenser feed line 141. Heat pipe inlet 125 communicates with condenser outlet line 142. Condenser feed line 141 carries vaporized HTF to condenser 140 and condenser outlet line 142 carries condensed liquid HTF from condenser 140 to heat pipe inlet 125.
Heat pipe 120 contains, but is not filled with liquid heat transfer fluid ("HTF") having a boiling point which is the same as the design operating temperature of reactor 110. The HTF wets wick surface 121. The heat of reaction causes the evaporation of the HTF on wick surface 121. The HTF evaporated from wick surface 121 flows through the center of heat pipe 120 to heat pipe outlet 124 and then to condenser feed line 141 and condenser 140. The vaporized HTF transfers its heat of vaporization to a coolant in condenser 140 by conduction. This causes the evaporated HTF to condense and then to flow through condenser outlet line 142 from which position the liquid HTF wets wick surface 121.
Reactor 10 is equipped with baffles 134 to cause the reaction mixture to flow between fins 122.
In operation, upon entry of a reaction mixture into reaction zone 131 an exothermic chemical reaction commences or continues and releases its heat of reaction to fins 122, the heat of reaction is conducted through fins 122 to heat pipe 120, and then by conduction through heat pipe 120 to the HTF wetting wick surface 121 on the interior surface of heat pipe 120. The heat of reaction causes the liquid HTF to vaporize and flow through the center of heat pipe 120 to condenser 140 where the vaporized HTF gives up its heat of vaporization to the condenser coolant and condenses to form liquid HTF. The liquid HTF flows by gravity or pumping to heat pipe inlet 125 and wets wick surface 121 by capillary pumping.
In reaction zone 131, as the reaction mixture flows between fins 122 following the path defined by baffles 134, it continues to react to form the desire product at essentially isothermal conditions because of the intimate contact of the reaction mixture with fins 132 and the excellent isothermal heat transfer enabled by heat pipe 120. Product exits reactor 110 at outlet 112.
Because reactor 110 is positioned with heat pipe 120 in a horizontal orientation, the wicked length of heat pipe 120 can be longer than the maximum vertical capillarity height of wick surface 122.
Reactors 10 and 110 can be equipped with fins 22 or 122 having mini sealed heat pipe embedded therein or soldered to the surface of fins 22 or 122. Mini heat pipes in or on fins 22 or 122 act as enhanced heat transfer devices within fins 22 or 122 conveying heat from sections of fins 22 or 122 which are remote from heat pipe 20 or 120 to the heat pipe. The length of the mini sealed heat pipe is controlled by the distance from heat pipe 20 or 120 to the outer most extent of fins 22 or 122. The mini heat pipe preferably has an interior diameter in the range of 2 mm to 5 mm. The wick is applied to the interior surface of the mini heat pipes in the same fashion as aforedescribed for principal heat pipes 20 or 120. Heat is absorbed at the evaporator end of the mini sealed heat pipes in sections of the fins which a remote from a heat pipe and is conveyed to condenser section of the mini sealed heat pipe proximate to the major heat pipe 20 or 120.
In an alternate embodiment of the invention, fins 22 or 122 can be flat heat pipes comprised of two flat conductive sheets having a porous layer applied to one side. The conductive sheets are bonded together with the porous layer and a liquid heat transfer fluid inside. The heat transfer fluid should have a boiling point which is the design operating temperature of the reactor and should not completely fill the void space between the conductive sheets. The flat heat pipe can be made by applying a porous surface to a flat sheet and folding it so that the porous surface is inside. The periphery of the sheet is sealed by stamping or welding. Where necessary to prevent bulging caused by the pressure of the vaporized heat transfer fluid in the flat heat pipe, the fold sheet can be secured with welds or by stamping at one or more interior positions. The flat heat pipe can be folded into corrugated fins 200, as shown in
The following example illustrates the efficacy of the reactors of the invention to maintain essentially isothermal conditions in chemicals and especially polymerization reactions.
Polystyrene mass polymerization technologies are differentiated by the configuration of the main polymerization reactors used to bring conversion from 30% to 45% solids to 65% to 85% solids. During the course of the polymerization reaction large amounts of heat is evolved. If this heat of reaction is not removed, the reactor temperature will increase causing an unwanted and uncontrolled spread of the polymer molecular weight which adversely affects polymer properties.
A polystyrene mass polymerization is conducted in a reactor according to the invention consisting of a jacketed vertical pipe containing several straight heat pipes onto which are fitted a number of fins. The inside of the heat pipes is covered with a porous medium from which a heat transfer fluid is vaporized to provide cooling. This vaporized heat transfer fluid is continually replaced by the capillary action of the porous medium on a pool of heat transfer fluid below. The heat transfer fluid is chosen to provide low surface tension, high heat of evaporation and stability over the operating temperature range. The vaporized heat transfer fluid is condensed in an external heat exchanger. The condensate is returned to the bottom of the heat pipes by gravity. For startup the jacket is heated with hot oil. The tubes are drained and vented to atmosphere to prevent over pressurization.
The anionic polymerization of styrene using the organo-lithium catalyst, normal butyl lithium, is considered. The polymerization rate is very fast and the reaction goes to completion in approximately 2 hours of residence time. Toluene, or alternatively ethylbenzene, is used to keep the reaction mixture in a liquid state at low temperature.
In the example, a stream of 70% styrene in toluene flowing at 10,000 kg/hr is reacted. It is desired to maintain a temperature of 100� C. throughout the reactor, which consists of a shell 8 ft diameter by 16 ft long, giving a residence time of 2 hours. The fins are made of flat aluminum heat pipes corrugated in a triangular pattern. The fins are made from sheets of aluminum with a layer of very fine copper powder sintered on one side. The sheets are bonded together with the porous layer and liquid water on the inside. The double sheets are perforated with 1″ diameter and ⅜″ diameter holes with a fluid tight seal being maintained all around the double sheets and in the positions of the perforations. The 1″ holes are aligned and one hundred 1″ heat pipes are inserted and pressure expanded to provide intimate bonding with the fins and mechanical strength. The 1″ heat pipes are made of copper tubing in which a layer of fine copper powder has been sintered. The outside is clad with aluminum to make the pipes corrosion-compatible with styrene. The corrugated fins are stacked together in layers after being rotated by 90� with respect to each other as illustrated in
The heat pipes are mounted between tube sheets so that the outlet end of the heat pipe communicates with the condenser inlet and the condenser outlet communicates with the inlet end of the heat pipes. The heat pipes and fins form a bundle that is inserted in the tubular reactor shell, such as that depicted in
Polymer is recovered by subjecting the reactor effluent to 240� C. and devolatilization of the solvent under vacuum. The solvent is recycled. The remaining viscous melt is then pelletized by strand bath or underwater technique as commonly practiced.
The above description of the invention is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Various changes or modifications in the embodiments described may occur to those skilled in the art. These can be made without department from the spirit or scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 26, 1923
|Aug 23, 1932
|Barrett Co
|Apparatus for controlling temperatures in chemical reactions
|Mar 9, 1940
|Oct 8, 1940
|Vulcan Radiator Co
|Heat transfer unit
|Dec 19, 1947
|Feb 12, 1952
|Gulf Research Development Co
|Catalytic apparatus
|Nov 30, 1943
|May 13, 1952
|Sheetsxsheet i
|Aug 29, 1973
|Jan 6, 1976
|Aluminum Company Of America
|Fluidized bed desubliming apparatus for recovery of aluminum chloride
|Apr 13, 1981
|Jul 19, 1983
|Gas Research Institute
|Two-phase thermosyphon heater
|Aug 31, 1982
|Oct 2, 1984
|Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation
|Fluidized bed reactor system
|May 3, 1984
|Sep 3, 1985
|L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
|Cooling apparatus and cooling trap including such an apparatus
|Dec 11, 1985
|Apr 23, 1991
|Mitsubishi Denki K. K.
|Heat-exchanger utilizing pressure differential
|Jun 18, 1990
|Oct 15, 1991
|Modine Heat Transfer, Inc.
|Vortex jet impingement heat exchanger
|Jan 14, 1992
|Oct 19, 1993
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Integral heat pipe, heat exchanger, and clamping plate
|Jul 17, 1997
|Mar 6, 2001
|Integrated Biosystems, Inc.
|Freezing and thawing vessel with thermal bridge formed between container and heat exchange member
|Sep 16, 1997
|Mar 18, 1999
|Irt Innovative Recycling Techn
|Isothermal production of methanol from gas at low pressure and temperature
|Dec 8, 1995
|Jun 12, 1996
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Apparatus and process for carrying our exothermic reactions
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Database WPI, Derwent Publications Ltd., DE19740658, Mar. 18, 1999, IRT-Innovative Recycling Technologie GmbH.
|Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 009, No. 317 (C-319), Dec. 12, 1985, for JP 60153936, Babcock Hitachi KK.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 28, 2005
|Mar 16, 2010
|Intel Corporation
|Systems for improved passive liquid cooling
|May 14, 2008
|Dec 6, 2011
|Methods and apparatuses for removal and transport of thermal energy
|Mar 28, 2005
|Sep 28, 2006
|Shah Ketan R
|Systems for improved passive liquid cooling
|May 14, 2008
|Dec 31, 2009
|El-Genk Mohamed S
|Methods and apparatuses for removal and transport of thermal energy
|Apr 12, 2016
|Oct 20, 2016
|Aixtron Se
|Cold trap
|U.S. Classification
|422/206, 165/104.26, 422/203, 422/200, 422/198, 165/104.22, 165/104.21
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 25, 2002
Owner name: SAUDI BASIC INDUSTRIES CORPORATION, SAUDI ARABIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LEE, VINH N.;REEL/FRAME:012720/0089
Effective date: 20020112
|Nov 25, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 27, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
What are the impacts of mercury on human health?
Over the years, hundred if not thousand chemical substances were disposed into the water around the world. These substances could be anything from PFC, pesticides, petroleum, metal and solvent from industrial work, though one of the most toxic chemical substance that can have a long-lasting damage to both water and human is mercury. So, what is mercury? According to the U.S EPA, mercury can be found naturally in environment and exists in different forms, including metallic, organic and in-organic form. In the last couples of years, companies and corporations started to use mercury to manufacture different types of products, such as thermostats, barometers, thermometers, and many more. Even though the metallic mercury used in these products is not harmful, it becomes quite a threat when it is released into lakes, rivers and oceans by industrial facilities. Once mercury entered the water, it was taken in by bacteria and then converted it into a type of chemical called methyl mercury, according to U.S EPA.
This transition of mercury has an important impact on human, since people who consume methyl mercury will become defenseless of its effect. Once mercury consumed by small fishes, it then moves its way up the food as larger fishes consume contaminated smaller fishes. Instead of breaking down or dissolve, mercury tends to accumulate at a higher level and will cause serious side effect on human, especially children and pregnant women. This is due to the fact that children's brain is relatively fragile and still budding during the first several years of life, prenatal or infant mercury exposure can cause deafness, blindness, and mental retardation according to Mayo Clinic. Not only does mercury poses a health threat to children and pregnant women, it can also effect fertility as well as blood pressure regulation and heart disease in adult. Despite its useful role in the industrial industries, mercury contamination in water is gradually becoming a huge threat to both animals in the water and the people who consume it, especially pregnant women and children.
For more information about mercury contamination in water, visit http://water.usgs.gov/wid/FS_216-95/FS_216-95.html


text:
Trade Exhibitor Awards
The Show attracts a host of trade exhibitors displaying products from the horticulture sector as diverse as lawnmowers, paving stones, gardening... Read More
For the chicken:
6 boneless skinless chicken thighs
3 cups smoked popcorn, blended to the consistency of fine crumbs
100g plain flour seasoned with salt and smoked paprika
1 egg beaten with 50ml milk
Rapeseed oil for cooking
For the cornbread:
180g plain flour
110g cornmeal
½ teaspoon salt
40g sugar
2 teaspoons baking powder
250ml buttermilk
1 egg
50g melted butter
50g grated cheddar
2 chopped scallions
For the grilled corn and kohlrabi slaw:
1 kohlrabi, shredded
Juice 1 lemon
1 red onion, finely sliced
1 corn on the cob
4 scallions
2 tablespoons mayonnaise
100ml sour cream
1 teaspoon smoked sweet paprika
For the smoked mackerel:
4 smoked mackerel fillets
1 tablespoon creamed horseradish
2 tablespoons sour cream
Juice and zest 1 lemon
1 teaspoon smoked black pepper
30g soft butter
For the cucumber and lovage jelly:
½ cucumber
2 tablespoons lovage leaves
2 leaves gelatine
For the homemade cheese:
375ml wholemilk
185ml buttermilk
125ml cream
1 tablespoon lemon juice
For the courgettes:
2 courgettes, sliced thinly lengthwise
Handful basil
Handful parsley
1 tablespoon chopped chives
2 punnets cherry tomatoes
Check out Paula's other fabulous recipes:
So many wonderful events coming up. Which ones will you be attending?...
The fantastic Paula McIntyre made some truly tasty recipes at #allianzgardenshowireland in the Food NI Pavillion. You can find them ALL online now, just follow the link https://gardenshowireland.com...
What a Show! We hope you all enjoyed the Show as much as we did. A big thank you to everyone involved, we hope you all agree that the atmosphere was top notch! Here is a fantastic video capturing s...
Some fantastic photos from Food NI of the Food Pavilion over the Show weekend #allianzgardenshowireland #antrimcastlegardens...
@KraziBaker Looking good at #tescotasteni https://t.co/FlZeocjbg3...
Both are definitely worth a visit #CNB17 https://t.co/rHrnZCzm0J...
RT @sarahxcosgrove: New exciting collab between @hortweek, @worldarchnews & @PlanningMag exploring #greeninfrastructure in #building #const…...
RT @NIChamber: This week's Ambition weekly has just been published - the latest business news from @NIChamber members - https://t.co/reBubm…...
Lucky prizewinners at #allianzgardenshowireland thanks to the very generous @AllianzIreland https://t.co/Z0X0Tw8B6o https://t.co/5T1gxGmrnK...
Congrats to Riverlane Nurseries who won the public vote of favourite Grower Display in p'ship with @AchesonGlover… https://t.co/2s0aeqmN6p...
The Show attracts a host of trade exhibitors displaying products from the horticulture sector as diverse as lawnmowers, paving stones, gardening... Read More
Title sponsor, Allianz, generously offered not one but two cash prizes of £1000. Run as a competition on U105 in... Read More
Visitors to the Growers' Pavilion were asked to vote for their favourite display. The competition was tough with 10 displays... Read More


text:
Films of 1970
These are the films I have seen from the year 1970.
Log in to copy items to your own lists.
Airport (1970)
A bomber on board an airplane, an airport almost closed by snow, and various personal problems of the people involved. (137 mins.)
Director: George Seaton
Stars: Burt Lancaster, Dean Martin, George Kennedy, Jean Seberg
The American Soldier (1970)
Ricky is a cold-blooded U.S. German contract killer. After serving in Viet Nam, he returns to his home... (80 mins.)
Director: Rainer Werner Fassbinder
Stars: Karl Scheydt, Elga Sorbas, Jan George, Hark Bohm
The AristoCats (1970)
With the help of a smooth talking tomcat, a family of Parisian felines set to inherit a fortune from their owner try to make it back home after a jealous butler kidnaps them and leaves them in the country. (78 mins.)
Director: Wolfgang Reitherman
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
The sole survivor of an interplanetary rescue mission searches for the only survivor of the previous expedition. He discovers a planet ruled by apes and an underground city run by telepathic humans. (95 mins.)
Director: Ted Post
Beyond the Valley of the Dolls (1970)
Three girls come to Hollywood to make it big, but find only sex, drugs and sleaze. (109 mins.)
Director: Russ Meyer
Stars: Dolly Read, Cynthia Myers, Marcia McBroom, John Lazar
Bloody Mama (1970)
A psychological gangster film based on fact. Machine gun totin' Ma Barker lead her family gang (her sons) on a crime spree in the Depression era... (90 mins.)
Director: Roger Corman
Stars: Shelley Winters, Don Stroud, Pat Hingle, Diane Varsi
The Boatniks (1970)
Young and awkward, The Coast-Guard's ensign Thomas Garland suffers from the comparison with his late father... (99 mins.)
Director: Norman Tokar
Stars: Robert Morse, Stefanie Powers, Phil Silvers, Norman Fell
Le Boucher (1970)
An unlikely friendship between a dour, working class butcher and a repressed schoolteacher coincides with a grisly series of Ripper-type murders in a provincial French town. (93 mins.)
Director: Claude Chabrol
The Boys in the Band (1970)
Tempers fray and true selves are revealed when a heterosexual is accidentally invited to a homosexual party. (118 mins.)
Director: William Friedkin
Stars: Kenneth Nelson, Peter White, Leonard Frey, Frederick Combs
Colossus: The Forbin Project (1970)
Thinking this will prevent war, the US government gives an impenetrable supercomputer total control over launching nuclear missiles. But what the computer does with the power is unimaginable to its creators. (100 mins.)
Director: Joseph Sargent
The Conformist (1970)
A weak-willed Italian man becomes a fascist flunky who goes abroad to arrange the assassination of his old teacher, now a political dissident. (113 mins.)
Director: Bernardo Bertolucci
Darling Lili (1970)
Set during WWI, this movie is a cute spin on the Mata Hari legend. (136 mins.)
Director: Blake Edwards
Stars: Julie Andrews, Rock Hudson, Jeremy Kemp, Lance Percival
Diary of a Mad Housewife (1970)
A housewife with an abusive husband has an affair with a writer. (95 mins.)
Director: Frank Perry
Dodes'ka-den (1970)
Various tales in the lives of Tokyo slum dwellers, including a mentally deficient young man obsessed with driving his own commuter trolley. (140 mins.)
Director: Akira Kurosawa
Dorian Gray (1970)
A corrupt young man somehow keeps his youthful beauty eternally, but a special painting gradually reveals his inner ugliness to all. (101 mins.)
Director: Massimo Dallamano
Stars: Helmut Berger, Richard Todd, Herbert Lom, Marie Liljedahl
Entertaining Mr Sloane (1970)
Sloane, a handsome, sexy and completely amoral young man, joins Kath's household as a lodger and proceeds to manipulate her and her brother... (94 mins.)
Director: Douglas Hickox
Stars: Beryl Reid, Harry Andrews, Peter McEnery, Alan Webb
Five Easy Pieces (1970)
A dropout from upper-class America picks up work along the way on oil rigs when his life isn't spent in a squalid succession of bars, motels, and other points of interest. (98 mins.)
Director: Bob Rafelson
The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (1970)
In the late 1930s, in Ferrara, Italy, the Finzi-Contini are one of the leading families, wealthy, aristocratic... (94 mins.)
Director: Vittorio De Sica
The Go-Between (1971)
A tale of torrid and forbidden love between a couple in the English countryside. (116 mins.)
Director: Joseph Losey
Gods of the Plague (1970)
A man is released from prison and finds the society on the outside less than appealing. With several women as well as the police on his tail, he sets out to find an old friend. (91 mins.)
Director: Rainer Werner Fassbinder
The Great White Hope (1970)
A black champion boxer and his white female companion struggle to survive while the white boxing establishment looks for ways to knock him down. (103 mins.)
Director: Martin Ritt
I Never Sang for My Father (1970)
A man who wants to move on with his life by moving to California and marry his girlfriend, finds it difficult as he still lives in the towering shadow of his aging father. (92 mins.)
Director: Gilbert Cates
The Landlord (1970)
At the age of twenty-nine, Elgar Enders "runs away" from home. This running away consists of buying... (112 mins.)
Director: Hal Ashby
Stars: Beau Bridges, Lee Grant, Diana Sands, Pearl Bailey
The Lickerish Quartet (1970)
A jaded, wealthy couple watch a blue movie in their castle home along with her adult son. The son is testy... (90 mins.)
Director: Radley Metzger
Little Big Man (1970)
Jack Crabb, looking back from extreme old age, tells of his life being raised by Native Americans and fighting with General Custer. (139 mins.)
Director: Arthur Penn
Love Story (1970)
A boy and a girl from different backgrounds fall in love regardless of their upbringing - and then tragedy strikes. (99 mins.)
Director: Arthur Hiller
Stars: Ali MacGraw, Ryan O'Neal, John Marley, Ray Milland
The staff of a Korean War field hospital use humor and high jinks to keep their sanity in the face of the horror of war. (116 mins.)
Director: Robert Altman
The Mind of Mr. Soames (1970)
A man who has been in a coma since infancy is awakened. (92 mins.)
Director: Alan Cooke
The Music Lovers (1970)
Piano teacher Peter Ilych Tchaikovsky struggles against his homosexuality by marrying, but unfortunately he chooses a nymphomaniac whom he cannot satisfy. (123 mins.)
Director: Ken Russell
Myra Breckinridge (1970)
Myron Breckinridge is waiting for her sex-change operation while a stoned surgeon stumbles into the operating room... (94 mins.)
Director: Michael Sarne
Stars: Mae West, John Huston, Raquel Welch, Rex Reed
On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (1970)
A troubled young woman who visits a psychotherapist to help her quit smoking undergoes hypnosis and finds herself reliving a tragic Victorian romance from a past life. (129 mins.)
Director: Vincente Minnelli
Stars: Barbra Streisand, Yves Montand, Bob Newhart, Larry Blyden
The Out of Towners (1970)
An Ohio sales executive accepts a higher position within the company and travels to New York City with his wife for his job interview but things go wrong from the start. (101 mins.)
Director: Arthur Hiller
Stars: Jack Lemmon, Sandy Dennis, Sandy Baron, Anne Meara
The Owl and the Pussycat (1970)
A stuffy author enters into an explosive relationship with his neighbor, a foul-mouthed, freewheeling prostitute. (95 mins.)
Director: Herbert Ross
Patton (1970)
The World War II phase of the career of the controversial American general, George S. Patton. (172 mins.)
Director: Franklin J. Schaffner
The Phantom Tollbooth (1970)
Milo is a boy who is bored with life. One day he comes home to find a toll booth in his room. Having nothing better to do, he gets in his toy car and drives through - only to emerge in a world full of adventure. (90 mins.)
Director: Chuck Jones, Abe Levitow
Stars: Butch Patrick, Hans Conried, Mel Blanc, Daws Butler
Ryan's Daughter (1970)
Set in the wake of the 1916 Easter Rising, a married woman in a small Irish village has an affair with a troubled British officer. (206 mins.)
Director: David Lean
Scrooge (1970)
A musical retelling of Charles Dickens' classic novel about an old bitter miser taken on a journey of self-redemption, courtesy of several mysterious Christmas apparitions. (113 mins.)
Director: Ronald Neame
Stars: Albert Finney, Alec Guinness, Edith Evans, Kenneth More
Something for Everyone (1970)
Konrad, a handsome country boy in post-war Austria, charms his way into a butler position at the castle of a widowed countess that lost her fortune... (112 mins.)
Director: Harold Prince
Song of the Loon (1970)
(79 mins.)
Director: Andrew Herbert
Stars: John Iverson, Morgan Royce, Lancer Ward, Jon Evans
Start the Revolution Without Me (1970)
Two mismatched sets of identical twins - one aristocrat, one peasant - mistakenly exchange identities on the eve of the French Revolution. (90 mins.)
Director: Bud Yorkin
There's a Girl in My Soup (1970)
TV personality Robert Danvers, an exceedingly vain rotter, seduces young women daily, never staying long with one... (95 mins.)
Director: Roy Boulting
Stars: Peter Sellers, Goldie Hawn, Tony Britton, Ruth Trouncer
They Call Me Mister Tibbs! (1970)
In San Francisco, a high-priced call girl is murdered and the case is assigned to Police Lieutenant Virgil Tibbs. (108 mins.)
Director: Gordon Douglas
Trash (1970)
The story of Joe [Dallesandro] and his lover-protector, Holly [Woodlawn], who is something to behold... (110 mins.)
Director: Paul Morrissey
Trog (1970)
A sympathetic anthropologist uses drugs and surgery to try to communicate with a primitive troglodyte who is found living in a local cave. (93 mins.)
Director: Freddie Francis
Stars: Joan Crawford, Michael Gough, Bernard Kay, Kim Braden
Why Does Herr R. Run Amok? (1970)
With slicked-down hair and three-piece suits, dependable Herr Raab is a technical draftsman. He gets... (88 mins.)
Director: Michael Fengler, Rainer W. Fassbinder
Stars: Lilith Ungerer, Kurt Raab, Lilo Pempeit, Franz Maron
Woodstock (1970 Documentary)
The film chronicle of the legendary 1969 music festival. (184 mins.)
Director: Michael Wadleigh
Stars: Joan Baez, Richie Havens, Roger Daltrey, Joe Cocker
Zabriskie Point (1970)
At Zabriskie Point, United State's lowest point, two perfect strangers meet; an undergraduate dreamer and a young hippie student who start off an unrestrained romance, making love on the dusty terrain. (113 mins.)
Director: Michelangelo Antonioni
Stars: Mark Frechette, Daria Halprin, Paul Fix, G.D. Spradlin


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