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Conceived and designed the experiments: SB SW ML. Performed the experiments: ML JB. Analyzed the data: ML. Wrote the paper: SB SW ML JB. Other: Designed the study: ML SW SC. Recruited participants: ML JB. Collected data: ML JB.
Individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have profound impairments in the interpersonal social domain, but it is unclear if individuals with ASC also have impairments in the intrapersonal self-referential domain. We aimed to evaluate across several well validated measures in both domains, whether both self-referential cognition and empathy are impaired in ASC and whether these two domains are related to each other.
Thirty adults aged 19-45, with Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism and 30 age, sex, and IQ matched controls participated in the self-reference effect (SRE) paradigm. In the SRE paradigm, participants judged adjectives in relation to the self, a similar close other, a dissimilar non-close other, or for linguistic content. Recognition memory was later tested. After the SRE paradigm, several other complimentary self-referential cognitive measures were taken. Alexithymia and private self-consciousness were measured via self-report. Self-focused attention was measured on the Self-Focus Sentence Completion task. Empathy was measured with 3 self-report instruments and 1 performance measure of mentalizing (Eyes test). Self-reported autistic traits were also measured with the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Although individuals with ASC showed a significant SRE in memory, this bias was decreased compared to controls. Individuals with ASC also showed reduced memory for the self and a similar close other and also had concurrent impairments on measures of alexithymia, self-focused attention, and on all 4 empathy measures. Individual differences in self-referential cognition predicted mentalizing ability and self-reported autistic traits. More alexithymia and less self memory was predictive of larger mentalizing impairments and AQ scores regardless of diagnosis. In ASC, more self-focused attention is associated with better mentalizing ability and lower AQ scores, while in controls, more self-focused attention is associated with decreased mentalizing ability and higher AQ scores. Increasing private self-consciousness also predicted better mentalizing ability, but only for individuals with ASC.
We conclude that individuals with ASC have broad impairments in both self-referential cognition and empathy. These two domains are also intrinsically linked and support predictions made by simulation theory. Our results also highlight a specific dysfunction in ASC within cortical midlines structures of the brain such as the medial prefrontal cortex.
Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) involve impairments in social functioning, language or communication, and the presence of stereotyped repetitive behaviors and/or highly restricted interests. Historically, the "self" has been integral in what it means to have autism. The term "autism" (derived from the Greek word "autos", which literally means "self") was first coined by Bleuler to characterize many of the social withdrawal symptoms exhibited by schizophrenics. Later, Kanner[1] applied this term to the children in his clinic whom he observed to be completely self-focused. Most recently, Frith[2] has developed a theoretical perspective that puts the self at the core of all the observed impairments and strengths in ASC. Frith's theory differs from Kanner in that, instead of viewing ASC as a syndrome of complete self-focus, it is viewed under the notion of an "absent self".
The first reason for proposing an absent self comes from several observations that detail abnormalities in ASC due to weak central coherence[3], executive dysfunction[4], and varying degrees of mindblindness[5]. One commonality among all of these theories is a lack of what psychologists have historically called the "central executive"; that is, a lack of top-down control of bottom-up information processing in the brain[2]. Recent neuroimaging studies have confirmed that all of these abnormalities are due to deficient top down modulation of bottom up information processing by frontal regions of the brain[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] and are concurrent with the notion of enhanced short range but diminished long range connectivity in the autistic brain [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].
At the psychological level of analysis, the absent self theory also proposes that self-awareness is less developed in ASC. When individuals with ASC are asked to report on the content of randomly sampled daily experiences, their reports relied on physical descriptions of the moment rather than on their own mental and emotional states[16]. During structured interviews that elicit statements about various aspects of the self, adolescents with ASC gave fewer descriptions of themselves in social contexts[17]. Adults with ASC may also not show the typical facilitative effect of self-referential cognition on memory (the "self-reference effect in memory")[18]. Individuals with ASC also report more difficulty with identifying and describing their own emotions; what is known clinically as "alexithymia"[19]. Atypical first person pronoun usage has also been well documented in ASC[1], [20], [21], [22], [23]. While older theories have related this abnormality to a form of echolalia[1] or to abnormalities in person deixis[22], normative studies in social psychology regard first person pronoun usage as an index of self-focused attention[24]. Thus, the available work implicates that self-referential cognition may be abnormal in ASC.
In the present study we aimed to further examine whether self-referential cognitive processing is abnormal in ASC and to examine the interaction of self-referential cognition and empathizing. First, we tested whether individuals with ASC would show the typical self-reference effect in memory (SRE)[25]. Typically developing adults show a robust SRE when self-referential information processing is compared to information processing in relation to other people or to semantic manipulations[26]. The SRE is also positively related to trait self-consciousness[27] and works through enhancing organizational and elaborative cognitive processing of information[28], [29]. To compliment the SRE paradigm, we included several other well validated self-report and performance measures of self-referential cognition. Furthermore, since both cognitive and affective empathy impairments have been well documented in ASC[30], [31], [32], [33], several self-report and performance measures of empathy were included. We predicted that across all empathy and self-referential cognitive measures, individuals with ASC would show concurrent impairments.
Within the typically developing brain, both self-referential cognitive processing and mentalizing are consistently localized to neural processing in cortical midline structures (CMS) of the brain such as the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate/precuneus (PC)[34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39] (see Figure 1). However, mentalizing does not selectively recruit CMS regions of the brain in ASC[6], [40], [41], [42], [43]. This observation has led some to theorize that CMS regions of the brain play a role in using simulation as a mentalizing strategy[44], [45]. Simulation theory suggests that one way we know about the psychological characteristics of others is by using information about ourselves to construct a default model of how other minds work. To the extent that someone is similar to oneself, one can then evaluate how much of one's own characteristics should be imputed onto others[46], [47], [48]. Consistent with predictions made by simulation theory, we predicted that individuals with ASC would show decreased memory for themselves and for similar close others, but show no differences in memory for a dissimilar non-close other or for non-social information. Furthermore, to corroborate the link between self-referential cognition and mentalizing we also predicted that there would be significant individual differences in how self-referential cognitive processing is related to mentalizing in both ASC and normally developing controls.
All participants gave informed consent to participate in this study in accordance with the University of Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee. There were 23 males and 7 females aged 19–45 that had an official diagnosis by internationally accepted criteria[49], [50] of either high-functioning autism (HFA; n=4) or Asperger Syndrome (AS; n=26). Controls consisted of 23 males and 7 females who were pairwise matched on age and gender and had no known psychiatric, developmental, or neurological disorders. All participants completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)[51] and the ASC group scored higher than controls on the AQ (p<0.001). All participants scored in the normal range on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)[52] and there were no statistically significant group differences on verbal, performance, or full scale IQ (all p>0.90). See Table 1 for participant characteristics.
The paradigm used to assess the SRE was a depth-of-processing paradigm[53]. During the encoding phase, participants judged trait adjectives in one of four ways. In the "self" condition, participants judged how descriptive the adjective was of themselves. In the "similar close other" condition, adjectives were judged on how descriptive it was of their best friend. In the "dissimilar non-close other" condition participants judged whether the adjective was descriptive of Harry Potter[54]. All of these judgments were made on a 6 point scale where 1 indicated "not at all descriptive" and 6 indicated "very descriptive". Finally, in the non-social control condition, participants judged how many syllables each adjective contained (from 1–6). Each condition had 30 trials and all were presented in pseudorandom order. All adjectives were drawn from a previously validated and widely used set of trait adjectives[55]. Half the adjectives in each condition were positively valenced (e.g., inventive) while the other half were negatively valenced (e.g., messy). Among all conditions there were no differences in number of characters, syllables, valence, or frequency of the adjectives.
After encoding there was a 30 minute delay before the retrieval phase. Participants were completely unaware of the subsequent recognition memory task to follow. During this delay participants completed the performance section of the WASI. These tasks were non-verbal and were administered to keep the participant occupied during the delay period.
After the delay, participants were given a surprise recognition memory test. All 120 adjectives from encoding and 120 new distracter adjectives were presented in pseudorandom order. Participants judged their confidence in whether the adjective was "old" or "new". Confidence judgments were made on a 1–6 scale where 6 was "definitely OLD" and 4 was "OLD, but kind of unsure". Conversely, a 1 indicated that they were "definitely NEW" and a 3 was "NEW but kind of unsure". This 6 point scale was used to force participants to make finer grained recognition judgments and also to investigate whether there were any differences in how each group used different confidence judgments. There were no group differences among judgments on each scale point within any of the conditions (all p>0.10). Therefore, we collapsed judgments 1–3 into "New" and 4–6 into "Old" judgments.
Prior to testing, to ensure all participants were familiar with Harry Potter we set an inclusion criterion to have seen at least one Harry Potter film or to have read at least one book. We obtained a familiarity index for Harry Potter by adding up the number of movies seen and books read. Groups did not differ on this Harry Potter familiarity index (p=0.334).
After the SRE paradigm participants were asked how similar and close they thought they were to their friend and to Harry Potter and how likeable they perceived their friend or Harry Potter to be. Similarity and likable judgments were rated on a 1–6 scale, where 1 was "not at all" and 6 was "very much". For the closeness measure, we used the Inclusion of Other in Self scale (IOS)[56]. The IOS depicts closeness spatially with Venn diagrams of two circles. One circle is labeled "Self" and the other circle was either labeled "Friend" or "Harry Potter". Participants are given 7 choices that vary in degree of overlap between the "Self" circle and the other circle. Larger numbers indicate judgments of feeling close and including another person within the self.
Confirming our similarity and closeness manipulations, within each group participants viewed themselves and their best friend to be closer and more similar than the Self-Harry Potter judgment. Both groups also liked their friend more than Harry Potter (all p<0.009). However, there were no differences between groups for either best friend or Harry Potter on similarity, closeness, or liking (all p>0.12). See Table 1.
The Empathy Quotient (EQ)[57], Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)[58], and the Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS)[59] were our three self-report measures of empathy. The EQ was rescored into cognitive and affective empathy based on items identified from previous factor analyses[60]. On the IRI, our indices of cognitive and affective empathy were the perspective taking and empathic concern subscales respectively. The IRI also has two other subscales (Fantasy and Personal Distress), but these were not included as measures of cognitive or affective empathy. Finally, our performance measure of empathy, indexing mentalizing ability, was the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes)[61].
Self-reported self-consciousness/awareness was measured with the Private Self-Consciousness Scale (PSCS)[62] and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS)[63]. We also included a performance measure of self-focused attention called the Self-Focus Sentence Completion task[64]. In this task, participants were given sentence stems that included a self-reference (e.g., I think…, If I had my way…). For each stem, we asked participants to complete the sentence in whatever way they liked. Self-focused attention (SFA) was the dependent variable and was computed automatically with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program[65] as the percentage of first person pronouns used to complete the sentences (e.g., I, me, myself). This index has been used several times as a valid quantitative index of SFA[66], [67], [68].
To evaluate our main hypotheses within the SRE paradigm, we ran a repeated measures ANOVA with four within subject levels and group as the between subject variable. Our dependent variable was a standard measure of memory sensitivity (d') formulated as the standardized score of correctly remembered words minus the standardized score of false alarms. Because we hypothesized that groups would differ on Eyes test performance and because it was theoretically relevant to test the effects of the SRE paradigm independent of mentalizing ability, we ran another repeated measures ANCOVA with Eyes test included as a covariate. Second, we computed two different SRE variables. The first SRE was a difference score for self versus friend (d' Self-d' Friend) while the second SRE was the difference score for self versus Harry Potter (d' Self-d' Harry Potter). Larger scores on these SRE variables indicate larger biases for self-referentially encoded information compared to other-referentially encoded information. One sample t-tests in each group were ran to evaluate whether each SRE variable was significantly different from 0. Independent samples t-tests were also ran to determine whether groups differed on the SRE variables. Third, we examined whether groups differed on empathy and self-consciousness measures using independent samples t-tests. Measures of effect size (Cohen's d) were also computed for each t-test comparison.
To examine individual differences between self-referential cognition and mentalizing we ran multiple regression analyses with Eyes test as the dependent variable and measures of self-referential cognition (self memory, TAS, PSCS, SFA) as independent variables. In our regression models we determined statistically whether relationships between mentalizing and self-referential cognition differed as a function of diagnosis using procedures outlined by Aiken and West[69]. In all, four regression models were evaluated (one model for each self-referential independent variable) and each model had the main effects of the self independent variable and a dummy variable for group entered on the first step. In the second step of our regression model, we entered the product vector of the interaction between the self independent variable and group membership (Group x Self Independent Variable). If the product vector interaction term was significant, this meant that the relationship between self-referential cognition and mentalizing was statistically different between groups (e.g., slopes were not parallel between groups). If this occurred, we conducted a simple linear regression, but this time separately on each group to discern how the relationships varied by diagnosis. However, if the product vector was not significant, this meant that there was no difference in the relationship between self-referential cognition and mentalizing as a function of diagnosis (e.g., slopes were parallel between groups). Therefore, in this case we ran a simple linear regression model but this time with the data collapsed across groups. The same procedures were used to examine the relationship between self-referential cognition and the AQ. In these analyses however, the AQ was the dependent variable.
Our first analysis looked at performance on the SRE paradigm. The repeated measures ANOVA showed an interaction effect between encoding level and group (F(3,58)=3.599, p=0.015). Therefore, we looked at the simple effects of encoding level within and between groups to discern the basis of the interaction. Consistent with our predictions, between group comparisons at each level of encoding showed that individuals with ASC were not impaired on memory for words previously judged on the basis of counting syllables (t(58)=0.105, p=0.916, Cohen's d=0.03) or when judging Harry Potter's personality (t(58)=0.716, p=0.450, Cohen's d=0.19). However, individuals with ASC had decreased memory for words previously judged in relation to themselves (t(58)=2.265, p=0.027, Cohen's d=0.59) or their best friend (t(58)=2.814, p=0.007, Cohen's d=0.73). See Table 2 and Figure 2.
Within each group there was a linear trend replicating the effect of depth of processing within the SRE paradigm[26]. The hierarchy of memory performance was Self>Friend>Potter>Syllable. Post-hoc Bonferroni corrected comparisons confirmed that all conditions for both groups were different from each other (all p<0.02). Furthermore, within each group, SREs were greater than zero for Self-Friend (Control: t(29)=3.175, p=0.004; ASC: t(29)=4.068, p=0.0003) and for Self-Harry Potter (Control: t(29)=7.768, p<0.001; ASC: t(29)=6.617, p<0.001). However, between groups, the SRE for Self-Harry Potter was larger among controls and approached statistical significance (t(58)=1.858, p=0.068, Cohen's d=0.49) while the SRE for Self-Friend was not different between groups (t(58)=−0.064, p=0.949, Cohen's d=0.02). See Table 2 and Figure 2.
When Eyes test was included as a covariate, the interaction between group and encoding level approached statistical significance (F(3,57)=2.471, p=0.064). Testing between group differences, we found only memory performance for the best friend condition was different, with controls having better memory than ASC (t(57)=2.001, p=0.05, Cohen's d=0.53). Within each group the hierarchy in memory performance still existed (Self>Friend>Other>Syllable; all p<0.02). The group difference for the SRE of Self-Harry Potter approached statistical significance, with controls having a large bias that ASC (t(57)=1.710, p=0.093, Cohen's d=0.45) while no differences remained for the SRE of Self-Friend (t(57)=−0.015, p=0.988, Cohen's d=0.003).
In our next analysis we examined whether there were concurrent impairments in self-referential cognition and empathy in ASC. Individuals with ASC scored lower across all empathy measures (Cognitive EQ, Affective EQ, IRI Perspective Taking, IRI Empathic Concern, ECS, Eyes test; all p<0.05). On the IRI Fantasy subscale, individuals with ASC were also lower than controls (t(58)=2.507, p=0.015, Cohen's d=0.66). However, on the IRI Personal Distress subscale, individuals with ASC scored higher (t(58)=−3.195, p=0.002, Cohen's d=0.84). Individuals with ASC showed no differences on the PSCS (t(58)=0.561, p=0.577, Cohen's d=0.15), but did report more alexithymia on the TAS (t(58)=−5.315, p<0.001, Cohen's d=1.40). Among the TAS subscales, individuals with ASC had more difficulty identifying and describing their own feelings (DIF, DDF) and also reported more externally oriented thinking (EOT) (all p<0.001). Individuals with ASC were also lower in SFA on the Self-Focus Sentence Completion test (t(58)=2.136, p=0.037, Cohen's d=0.56). See Table 3.
Next, we examined whether individual differences in self-referential cognition were related to mentalizing ability. No differences existed between groups in the relationship between Eyes test and self memory performance or TAS (indicated by a non-significant Group x Self interaction term in the regression model). Thus, since slopes were similar across groups, we collapsed the data across groups and looked at the effect of self-referential cognition on mentalizing. We found that regardless of diagnosis, self memory performance was positively related to Eyes test performance (r=0.34, p=0.007). Alexithymia was also negatively related to Eyes test performance (r=−0.43 p<0.001). Private self-consciousness and self focused attention however, showed differential relationships with the Eyes test that were dependent upon diagnosis. There was a significant interaction effect between how PSCS and diagnosis predicted Eyes performance (F change(1,56)=4.917, p=0.031). Inspecting the relationship PSCS had with the Eyes test separately within each group revealed that the interaction effect was driven by a strong positive correlation between PSCS and Eyes test performance in individuals with ASC (r=0.50, p=0.005) but not controls (r=−0.01, p=0.951). Regarding the relationship that SFA had with Eyes test performance, we found another significant interaction effect between SFA and diagnosis (F change (1,56)=6.627, p=0.013). Upon looking at the relationship between SFA and Eyes test performance separately for each group, we found the interaction effect was driven by a negative relationship between SFA and Eyes test performance in the control group while individuals with ASC showed a positive relationship between SFA and the Eyes test. Both of these correlations approached statistical significance (Controls: r=−0.32, p=0.08; ASC: r=0.35, p=0.06). See Figures 3–66.
In similar analyses, we looked at how self-referential cognition predicts scores on the AQ. There was no interaction effect among group and self-memory, TAS, or PSCS. Therefore, after collapsing across groups we found that increasing TAS scores predicted more autistic traits (r=0.63, p<0.001) and that increasing self memory predicted less autistic traits (r=−0.32 p=0.01). There was no relationship between PSCS and AQ scores. When modeling the relationship between SFA and AQ scores, there was a significant interaction effect between SFA and diagnosis (F change (1,56)=12.38, p<0.001). Thus, we looked at the relationship of SFA on AQ scores separately for each group. Among controls, higher SFA predicts higher AQ scores (r=0.50, p=0.005). The opposite is true for individuals with ASC; higher SFA predicts lower AQ scores (r=−0.37, p<0.05). See Figures 3–66.
This study confirmed through multiple measures that individuals with ASC have difficulties in the self-referential cognitive domain. In the SRE paradigm, individuals with ASC show the typical SRE but to a reduced extent compared to age and IQ matched controls. People with ASC also showed reduced memory for themselves and for a similar close other but did not show any memory impairments for a dissimilar non-close other or for non-social memory. Thus, the only group differences in memory occurred for conditions where self information was to be remembered, or for information about others who significantly overlap with the self; similar close others.
Individuals with ASC are not however, completely impaired in self-referential information processing. We did not replicate the findings from the Toichi et al., study[18]. Unlike the Toichi study, which claimed that there was no SRE in ASC, we did find significant SREs in the ASC group. The differences in our study and the Toichi study are worth mentioning because they shed light on the differing findings. First, the Toichi study used a biased measure of memory performance in the percentage of words that were correctly recognized. We used a more unbiased measure of memory sensitivity (d') that corrects for the false alarm rate. Second, unlike the Toichi study, we included comparison conditions for thinking about other people. When self memory is compared to memory for others, both the control and ASC groups showed the typical SRE. SREs for self versus a similar close other are identical among the two groups. Given that there are SRE effects within the ASC group, it cannot be the case that people with ASC are not facilitated by self information.
Similar and close others have been hypothesized to overlap with the self. Several investigators have found effects supporting this hypothesized overlap and that the neural substrate involved in this processing may be MPFC[37], [44], [45], [48], [56], [70]. Thus, our comparison of an SRE between self and best friend may not be the best measure of a pure SRE. In fact, the self and best friend overlap quite a bit within our manipulation checks of closeness and similarity. Our best comparison of whether individuals really do exhibit a bias for self information is the SRE for self versus a dissimilar non-close other. When this comparison was investigated, individuals with ASC did show a trend for having smaller SREs than controls. This result brings up the idea that the impairment in using self information in ASC is one of degree and not complete absence. Further work at the neural level will be able to tell us more about the degree of impairment and the extent to which self- and other-referential cognitive processing overlap in the brains of people with ASC.
Our findings on several other measures of self-referential cognition also highlight its importance in ASC. Individuals with ASC report more alexithymia and are less self-focused but do not differ in private self-consciousness. Our findings extend on past work[16], [19] and show that deficits in self-referential cognition are not simply because of differences in the amount of self-reflection they engage in (as indexed by no group differences in PSCS and intact SREs), but has more to do with the ease of knowing about one's own inner emotional life. We mirror the conclusions of Berthoz and Hill[71], in that individuals with ASC can and do monitor their own inner states to some degree. However, it remains unclear what is the direction of the relationship between their known difficulties in understanding their own emotions and their attentional biases and future research should be directed at parsing apart this question.
We also showed in several ways that self-referential cognition and empathy are inextricably linked. First, our results within the SRE paradigm showed that mentalizing accounted specifically for self memory (indicated by the lack of a group difference in self memory after the Eyes test was included as a covariate) but not for memory in other-referential or non-social encoding conditions. Furthermore, some individual differences in self-referential cognition were related to mentalizing, regardless of whether an individual had a diagnosis. As self memory increased, mentalizing also increased and the endorsement of autistic traits decreased. The same pattern of individual differences (regardless of diagnosis) was manifest in the relationship between alexithymia and mentalizing. Here, more alexithymia is related to worse mentalizing and more endorsement of autistic traits.
Although we found some individual differences in self-referential cognition and mentalizing that were independent of diagnosis, we also found some very interesting and important relationships between self-referential cognition and mentalizing that depend upon diagnosis. In particular, self-focused attention and mentalizing were differentially related depending on diagnosis. ASC individuals who are more self-focused are better at mentalizing. However, among controls, being more self-focused predicted less mentalizing ability. A similar pattern existed with self-focused attention and endorsement of autistic traits. ASC individuals who are more self-focused report having less autistic traits. Among controls, those who are more self-focused report having more autistic traits. Another measure that showed a differential relationship based on diagnosis was the private self-consciousness scale. In the social psychological literature, private self-consciousness is believed to be a reflective form of self-focused attention[24] and is a good compliment to our performance measure of self-focused attention (the Self-Focus Sentence Completion task), which was more implicit and non-reflective in nature. On this measure of more reflective self-focused attention, a similar pattern emerged to that of implicit non-reflective self-focused attention. ASC individuals who report being higher in private self-consciousness are better at mentalizing. However, among controls private self-consciousness was not related to mentalizing. Because these results are correlational it is hard to tease apart why these relationships exist and further manipulations of self-focused attention will be needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these relationships. However, one finding is clear: being more self-focused appears to be beneficial for individuals with ASC. For now, we speculatively conclude that these findings might point to the idea that people with autism need to be more self-focused and have more metacognitive ability to accurately reflect on themselves in order to mentalize with others. If this is true, it would support the idea that simulation is a strategy that individuals with ASC could benefit from and may be helpful in informing novel treatments for more able high-functioning individuals on the autism spectrum.
Overall, our results implicate dysfunction within CMS regions of the brain in ASC. The concurrent impairments and relationships observed for both self-referential cognition and empathy are striking given that CMS regions are consistently recruited for both thinking about the psychological characteristics of oneself or others[34] and when engaging in the exact same paradigm we employed in this study; the "SRE levels-of-processing paradigm"[35], [36], [37]. However, within ASC, recent evidence points towards disruption of CMS function when mentalizing[6], [40], [41], [42], [43] and during rest[72]. The idea that CMS dysfunction is important in ASC is also corroborated by studies in individuals with high levels of alexithymia. Moriguchi and colleagues[73] found similar behavioral results to our study, in that individuals with high levels of alexithymia are also impaired at mentalizing. Individuals with high levels of alexithymia also exhibited a similar pattern of reduced activation in CMS regions that were previously found using the same mentalizing task in ASC[43]. Thus, our study converges on the idea that CMS dysfunction is paramount to the social and self-referential impairments in ASC. Future work investigating the developmental trajectory of CMS structural and functional organization in the brain is needed. Furthermore, future investigation on the development of self-referential cognition and its causal relationship with empathy may prove fruitful for informing our understanding of the neurodevelopment of ASC.
We are grateful to all the volunteers in this study. We would also like to thank Erin Ingudomnukul, Liliana Ruta, and Greg Pasco for help with recruitment and data collection. We are also grateful for all the insight comments and discussion provided by Bhismadev Chakrabarti and Ilona Roth.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Funding: MVL was supported by the Shirley Foundation and the Cambridge Overseas Trust. JLB was supported by the Fulbright Foundation. SJW and SBC were supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC) during the period of this work.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Despite passing a series of field sobriety tests, taking a breathalyzer test which showed a blood alcohol level of 0.000, and having a Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) officer state that there were no signs of impairment or signs of any drugs, Jessie Thornton, a 64 year old retired firefighter, was arrested and charged with Driving Under the Influence (DUI) in Surprise, Arizona on Friday night. He was detained for several hours, forced through a battery of tests, had his car impounded, and the Arizona Motor Vehicle Division had been notified so that proceedings could be started to suspend his license.
The reason for the arrest, you ask? Well, Mr. Thornton had just left his local fitness center where he had been swimming in an effort to loosen up his ailing hip which was scheduled to be surgically replaced less than a week later. As a result of his time in the pool, his eyes were bloodshot. While bloodshot eyes are one visual indicator of intoxication, which can potentially provide probable cause to give a field sobriety test or a breathalyzer, the look of your eyes is not proof of intoxication at any level. If so, as a life long allergy sufferer, I should have had my license revoked for chronic alcoholism long ago.
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In the aftermath of this arrest and media attention, the charges have been dropped. Mr. Thornton and his attorney are now in the process of filing a discrimination lawsuit against the City of Surprise for $500,000.
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If no plan is indicated on your application, you will be enrolled automatically in the plan available (based on enrollment period) with the highest number of installments.
Where can I find my current balance due for the payment plan?
Your current balance due is available 24 hours a day on your Eagle Finance statement, or the Account Activity tab of your student Eagle Finance portal.
Where can I see the details of my payment plan online?
You can review your account and access a PDF bill on your student portal (myAU.american.edu). Under your Personalized Links, select Finances and then select Eagle Finance. On the Account Activity tab select View Payment Plans. This will open the Plan Information and Plan Schedule.
Can I change my budget amount?
You may change your budget amount one time by submitting a written request to firstname.lastname@example.com from the student's AU assigned e-mail address. Please title e-mail: "APP Adjustment Request." American University reserves the right to adjust amounts indicated on applications as necessary to ensure the accuracy of participant installment amounts.
How can a third party view my bill?
You may grant your parents, guardians or other users access to make a payment and/or view your account activity via Person Proxy on Eagle Service
Is there a summer payment plan option?
American University does not have a payment plan for the summer term. All payments are due in full by May 1st or at the time of registration.
How can I terminate my enrollment in the plan?
You can terminate your enrollment in the payment plan at any time by e-mailing email@example.com. Please note, if your account is not paid in full when your plan is terminated, the balance will be subject to 1% finance charges per university guidelines.
Can Washington Mentorship students participate in the payment plan?
Yes, the payment plan is available for Mentorship students during the fall and spring semesters


text: Dear all, I am building an XPath expression using Saxon and the net.sf.saxon.expr.Expression class. When I call the toString method on my objects, I get an XPath 3.0 query. Is-it possible to generate an XPath 2.0 query? Moreover, the documentation contains a warning: there is no guarantee that the syntax will actually be true XPath. Is this case common or only for rare corner cases? Thanks for your help. Denis


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Help me write something
Budjetti $30-250 USD
I need you to write a research article. About the society that how it is working. And in reality what is happening inside it
15 freelanceria on tarjonnut keskimäärin 76 $ tähän työhön
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VegaH Studios
Our team have been creating world-class visual effects for fifteen years. Our artists help to shape some of the most exciting imagery on our screens.
We offer visual effects partnerships that are built on creative excellence and cutting-edge technologies. We value the two-way nature of these partnerships, understanding that our clients give us opportunities to improve our craft.
We offer complete VFX support and aim to work from project conception through to delivery to enable you to find the most creative solutions to suit your project's needs and budget.
Our passion for quality and the international scale of our operation makes us unique. From the design of simple characters to the creation of skyscrapers, our supervisors, producers and artists support all stages of your production, from pre-visualisation and conceptual artwork, shoot supervision, 3D, 2D and colour grading through to delivery of the finished project.
VegaH artists combine their passion and skill with a wide variety of innovative technology to exceed expectations, whatever the brief
The VegaH's television and film studio combines creative excellence with technical innovation to create high-end visual effects for both broadcast and film


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math works grade 9
Presupuesto $250-750 USD
Write math courses
47 los freelancers están ofertando un promedio de $415 para este trabajo.
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more schoolwork :3Feb. 18th, 2012 06:11 pm
A little while ago, eirenebellatrix asked about me posting some of my work from my recent classes where I had to do some digital illustration for the first time ever. I've been meaning to share some of it, and since my entries lately have been so RL-heavy and work and blahhh, I thought now would be a good time! :)
( Cut for images )
( Cut for images )


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3. Police this week successfully talked a would-be jumper down from what little-known area span?
A. The Third Street Bridge
B. The pedestrian overpass on Geary and Webster
C. The Illinois Street Bridge
D. The 23rd Street overpass of Highway 101
4. What is true about all three victims of mob beating attacks along the T-Third line?
A. They were all homeless
B. They were all Mormon missionaries
C. They were all Asian
D. They were all prostitutes
5. What about Sarah Palin's scheduled speech at CSU Stanislaus has State Sen. Leland Yee up in arms?
A. Palin can't spell "Stanislaus"
B. Organizers plan on making the event into a religious revival meeting -- on campus
C. It's his alma mater and he thinks it looks bad
D. Organizers won't disclose her appearance fee.


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We had 4 nights at this hotel and have no complaints . Staff were all extremely helpful. We were on first floor room 119 which was completely quiet . No view, but who needs one. Breakfast excellent and consistently being replenished . Beds were very comfortable and we are sure they were new.
- Reservation Options:
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August County/Staunton Democratic Committees
2507 N. Augusta St.
Staunton, VA 24401
September 7, 2015
Staunton, Virginia
Contact: Phyllis "Maggie" Duncan, SDC Communications Chair, (540) 256-7601
The Augusta County and Staunton Democratic Committees will hold an event open to all interested voters in Virginia's 24th and 25th House Districts and surrounding areas. "Meet the Dynamic Duo Who'll Represent YOU" will feature Democratic candidates Ellen Arthur and Angela Lynn, explaining their platforms and taking questions from voters. Arthur, a retired attorney from Lexington, VA, is running against Del. Ben Cline in the 24th District. Lynn, a former official with the Federal Emergency Management Administration, is running against Del. R. Steven Landes in the 25th District. Both districts include portions of Augusta County.
The event will be held Sunday, September 13, 2015, at 4 p.m., in the White Star Mill room above Mill Street Grill, 1 Mill Street, Staunton, Virginia. Heavy hors d'oeuvres will be served, and there will be a cash bar. Tickets (one for $13; two for $25) can be purchased online at https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/meetlynnarthur; in person at The Sacred Circle and Bookworks, both on Beverley Street in downtown Staunton; and from any committee member. Proceeds from the event will be donated by the two committees to the Arthur and Lynn campaigns. The event is open to the public.
Former VA State Senator Frank Nolen, chair of the Augusta County Democratic Committee, said, "This is an excellent opportunity to meet and get to know two hard-charging individuals who would represent all residents of Augusta County, not just special interests."
"Staunton and Augusta County Democrats often do joint events," said Nick MacNeil, Chair of the Staunton Democratic Committee, "and this event is of crucial importance to all voters in the area, county or city."
For further information, contact the Augusta County Democratic Committee Chair Frank Nolen at email@example.com, Staunton Democratic Committee Chair Nick MacNeil at firstname.lastname@example.com, or Phyllis "Maggie" Duncan, Communications Chair for the Staunton Democrats at 540-256-7601.


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Say Hello to Spring: Fennel Risotto with Egg
|Farm Fresh Eggs and Fennel
Anyone who has never eaten a fresh egg can't understand how incredibly delicious--and different--they are compared to a store bought egg, or even the lengths that one would go to in an attempt to secure a steady supply.
By any account, we live in the country, or, more aptly put, along California's Central Coast, a less densely populated and more remote part of the state and if you ask me, more beautiful. There are no streetlights on my road, so if I stay out past sunset and have forgotten the porch light, I'm left to fumble through pitch darkness, the lavender bushes and rosemary are obstacles on my path, the branches from the climbing roses reach out like anonymous hands, their thorns, sharp fingernails capable of drawing blood, and the fear of running into an overgrown raccoon is quite enough to hasten my step.
From my upstairs window, I can see the pony across the street and though just out of my line of sight, I can smell the lambs and hear their bleating. If I step out of my kitchen door and onto my back steps, I can make out the top of the chicken coop next door, though my neighbors, after a lengthy and untenable battle with a trio of foxes, stopped raising chickens and decided to try their hand at ducks, instead. The neighbors two houses down have had better luck outsmarting the foxes, but not in selecting a roster. The one they have has no sense of time and crows at odd times day and night.
It was these neighbors, the ones with the mixed up roster, who years ago, when their kids were in high school and looking for extra money, left a note on our door asking if we'd be interested in fresh eggs, to which we quickly agreed. Soon after, the first dozen arrived. We found them at our front door and after a long day's work, decided on frying a few up for dinner. The yolks were big as golf balls and a deeply saturated yellow so intense that they shocked me at first glance. It only took a single bite for us to fully understand the difference and within a few days, our first dozen was gone.
We weren't sure how the egg business worked, so Mr. B decided to call and ask for another dozen--two if they could spare them and sure enough, he learned that the chickens were in full swing and we'd have them within the hour. It seemed we were destined for a happy relationship and we were only too willing to be their biggest buyer, but not so long afterward, things took a turn for the worse. While the kids were willing to forgo eating eggs in lieu of making a profit, the rest of the family was not; a sentiment that quickly and sharply reduced our egg supply.
It may have been a simple misunderstanding, but I discovered several eggs hidden away on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator in territory that an egg had never been. Were we, I wondered, hoarding eggs for our own selfish purposes? But, how could I confront Mr. B when I had eggs of my own? Compounding the dilemma was an agricultural woe we hadn't expected--chickens can stop laying eggs for a number of reasons and when that happened, nature would have to take its course.
The rest of the story shouldn't be too hard to figure out. Too soon, we were left without any eggs, forced to buy them from the grocery store. But the pallid yolks were tasteless and couldn't compare to the fresh eggs we'd so quickly become accustomed. In any case, we soldiered on the best we could and seized upon any opportunity for fresh eggs, though they were few and far between.
Mr. B's newly discovered fresh egg connection was surely something worth celebrating, so I rummaged through the pantry and vegetable bin and even the liquor cabinet in search of ingredients. My search turned up the necessary finds for a rich fennel risotto, ever so perfect with a farm fresh egg.
Fennel Risotto with Fresh Eggs
1 small onion, finely minced
2 shallots, finely minced
1 bulb of fennel, finely minced
4 cloves of garlic, finely minced
2 tablespoons of olive oil
2 tablespoons of butter
2 cups of risotto
Vegetable broth
White Vermouth
Absinthe or Pastis
Parmesan cheese (good quality)
Freshly ground pepper
1. Heat the butter and olive oil until warm.
2. Add the onion, shallots, garlic, and fennel and cook until soft and slightly caramelized.
3. Add a generous pinch of salt and several grinds of fresh ground pepper.
4. Add the risotto and cook and stir until slightly golden and fragrant.
5. Deglaze the pan with about 1/3 cup of Vermouth and 1/4 cup of Absinthe or Pastis, scraping the pan to loosen any caramelized bits of the vegetables.
6. Once most of the alcohol has evaporated, add hot vegetable broth a little at a time, stirring constantly until the risotto is cooked, but still slightly firm to the bite.
7. Add a generous amount of Parmesan cheese and salt and pepper to taste; cover and keep warm.
8. Cook eggs in any fashion to your liking, but I would recommend soft boiled or poached.
9. Spoon a generous portion of the risotto onto a warm plate and top with the egg and additional cheese.
10. Add a fennel frond for garnish and enjoy with a glass of your favorite wine.


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As you know, we are exporters of furniture and home decor best quality in Indonesia. we have received many requests orders and product delivery of our furniture and home decor. To maintain the quality of our products, we are always open to our customers in terms of delivery and the determination of the material as well as other detailed matters.
The Best Quality Product from Indonesia Export
Posted at December 18th, 2014


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Words that start with cudwe
Found 2 words that start with cudwe. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words starting with cudwe. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing cudwe
- Scrabble
- Words With Friends
- WordHub
- Crossword


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"To us, volunteering is a two-way thing. It's not just about the hands-on help and skills that volunteers bring; it's also about what this amazing continent, its people and its wildlife can give those volunteers in return." Greg Bows, MD
"Working with African Impact was the most profound and fruitful experience of my entire life." ~ Stew, Canada
"To volunteer is to learn, to enjoy, to experience. To be excited, exhilarated and to explore a sense of awe and wonder. If it does all this for you, just imagine what you can do for others." ~ Sophie, UK
Okki joined us as an 8-week Education and Community Support volunteer in Tanzania, and was so inspired by her time working with...Being an Academy Volunteer with African Impact in Cape Town
Academy Volunteer Shane joined us for 3 months in Cape Town. His profound experience on our volunteer projects have had a huge ...
Sports and physical education are proven to have an amazing positive effect on the development of not only kids, but everyone in the community.
You will mostly attend local schools where they don't otherwise have access to sports resources like balls, bats and toys and bring
Project Impact: Family
Destination: South Africa
Price from: £ 550 | € 840 | US$ 995 |
If you have been dreaming about an African adventure holiday with your family but also want to integrate with local communities or assist with vital wildlife conservation efforts, we can help you create the ultimate family volunteering t...READ MORE
Project Impact: High School
Destination: South Africa
Price from: £ 550 | € 840 | US$ 995 |
Are you looking for a safe and interactive group volunteering trip to Africa for students at your school? Let us put together a unique, once-in-a-lifetime volunteer adventure for your High School group, which will see you learning, explo...READ MORE
Project Impact: University
Destination: South Africa
Price from: £ 550 | € 840 | US$ 995 |
Are you looking for a safe and interactive group volunteering trip to Africa for students at your University which is shaped around your area of study? Let us put together a unique, once in a lifetime volunteer adventure for your Univers...READ MORE
Project Impact: Sports & Coaching
Destination: South Africa
Price from: £ 787 | € 1021 | US$ 1313 | AU$ 1391 |
Provide much-needed sports coaching to children in Cape Town's townships. Physical education brings many health benefits and helps kids develop important team work and communication skills, but sports opportunities are limited so require...READ MORE


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bem wireless Partners with Major Retailers to Distribute its Popular Hi-Fi Audio Series Designed to Enhance Consumers' Wireless Lifestyle
speaker trio, boom box, outlet speaker and mobile speaker are now available at BestBuy.com, Amazon.com, Walmart.com and more
CHICAGO- May 16, 2013 - bem wireless first entered the tech scene at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas earlier this year. In only four months, bem has solidified itself as a major manufacturer of wireless products with its release of the speaker trio, outlet speaker, mobile speaker and boom box. This elegant series is now available at top retailers such as Walmart, Best Buy, Amazon and more.
"We're thrilled at the consumer demand for our series, and we're honored that some of the most trusted names in retail wants to carry our products," says Bryan Katzel, Product Development Manager for bem. "We've worked hard to develop a series of wireless solutions that enhances everyday living with bem in the background. Our products are perfect for the home, office, patio, dorm room-anywhere really. Each speaker is expertly designed to seamlessly integrate into your life."
bem's products will soon become available at Staples, Bed Bath & Beyond, and Office Max. Looking ahead to Fall, consumers will also be able to purchase bem at Kohls, Meijer, Costco, Tiger Direct, and PC Richards.
Currently, bem offers four wireless audio products including the speaker trio, outlet speaker, mobile speaker and boom box. The speaker trio consists of three speakers that can be place in different locations to fill your space with beautiful music. A calming glow from beneath each speaker adds an elegant ambiance and sparkle to any get-together.
The outlet speaker is a sleek plug-and-play option ideal for the office, bathroom, or kitchen. Your tunes are always ready to go as long as you have your speaker and an electrical outlet.
The mobile speaker is a palm-sized speaker with crystal clear sound. Take the mobile speaker on your next road trip or add some musical flavor to your dorm room.
The bem boom box is a modern day throwback of an 80's boom box. Bringing the boom box into the wireless revolution, this portable speaker will liven up any party, barbecue or tailgate.
For more information about bem and its wireless products, please check out www.bemwireless.com.
About bem wireless
bem wireless is an innovator in consumer electronics, providing wireless solutions for everyone. By identifying user's experiences, bem makes it easy for its innovations to be integrated into their lives.
Formed in 2012, bem brings together entrepreneurial spirit and know-how plus the track record for successful engineering execution.
Beginning with the audio line, including mobile speakers and wireless headphones, and quickly moving on to the development of video and a host of other lifestyle-enhancing products, bem is tireless about keeping wireless portable, affordable and accessible.
Featured Product
IntraSonic Technology - I600 In-Wall Digital Stereo Music System
You asked, we listened! Music lovers that want to enjoy their tunes everywhere - yes, everywhere! - now have a high-tech, easy-to-use option that upgrades the look and functionality of any home or office. The I600 In-Wall Digital Stereo Music System is a music distribution system that provides enhanced usability and delivers mind-blowing stereo quality sound. With touch screen controls, Bluetooth connectivity, and several music source options, the I600 turns your surroundings into an amazing music entertainment experience.


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Previously I've reviewed three different GratiAe products, a Lime Salt Scrub , Passion Fruit Body Butter, and a Moisturizing Cream. The whole brand screams luxury to me, so when I was offered to review another one of their products I immediately said yes before I even knew what it was. As it turned out it's a Exfoliating Salt Scrub in the scent Apple, Green Tea and Ginger, (all in one product).
It came to me in a plain white box, which is a little nice than the average brown ones, and inside was wrapped in their logo tissue paper. Before even looking at the product I knew it was fancy. Of course though I ended up taking a horrible picture of the container because no matter what angle I used you could see my reflection in the product lid. It's a round clear container with a round shiny gold lid.
Opening up the GratiAe exfoliating salt scrub I noticed that I loved the scent. I can't quite place the ginger but the green tea and apple was there for sure. It isn't overly girly or young though so I think it'll work for a few different ages. The salt is a very thin grain much thinner than other exfoliates I've seen.
Verdict: I couldn't be happier with this Gratiae product. It has a soft feel smells great, and is much better for the environment than the plastic bead kind. I just wish it weren't quite so expensive.


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Cisco MSTP ANSI & ETSI R10.0.1 UPG LIC RTU (15454M-LIC-1001K9)Item#: 40200762 | Model#: 15454M-LIC-1001K9
- Price:
- $1,409.99
- Shipping:
- Temporarily out of stock. Order today and we'll deliver when available. (Details)
MSTP ANSI & ETSI R10.0.1 UPG LIC RTU Product Details
Manufactured by: Cisco
Warranty provided by: Cisco
UPC No:
Mfg Part No: 15454M-LIC-1001K9
Box Size:
( Length:0, Width:0, Depth:0)
Shipping Weight: 1.0000 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- Cisco logos are registered trademarks of Cisco. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


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Do No Harm Stories of Life, Death, and Brain Surgery
- Format: Paperback
- Copyright: 06/07/2016
- Publisher: Picador
Note: Not guaranteed to come with supplemental materials (access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.)
Extend Your Rental at Any Time
Need to keep your rental past your due date? At any time before your due date you can extend or purchase your rental through your account.
Rental Options
List Price $16.00 Save
Named a Notable Book of the Year by The New York Times Book Review and The Washington Post
What is it like to be a brain surgeon? How does it feel to hold someone's life in your hands, to cut into the stuff that creates thought, feeling and reason? How do you live with the consequences of performing a potentially lifesaving operation when it all goes wrong?
With astonishing compassion and candor, leading neurosurgeon Henry Marsh reveals the fierce joy of operating, the profoundly moving triumphs, the harrowing disasters, the haunting regrets and the moments of black humor that characterize a brain surgeon's life. Do No Harm provides unforgettable insight into the countless human dramas that take place in a busy modern hospital. Above all, it is a lesson in the need for hope when faced with life's most difficult decisions.


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Proclaim it
Daily Devotion Posted by Kim Vogel Sawyer
Have you ever been given a piece of good news and were told, "Now, don't say anything to anyone!" It's really hard to stay silent, isn't it? Well, here we are: Jesus IS the Good News. If we believe it and we've received it, we will want to proclaim it. Jesus died a humiliating death in a public place. The least we can do is share His tremendous act of love publicly.


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Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to CYGNUS X-1 by Rush. Please check back for more Rush lyrics.
CYGNUS X-1 Lyrics
Artist: Rush
Album: Different Stages
Words by Neil Peart, Music by Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart
Book One ---- The Voyage
In the constellation of Cygnus
There lurks a mysterious, invisible force
The Black Hole
Of Cygnus X-1
Six Stars of the Northern Cross
In mourning for their sister's loss
In a final flash of glory
Nevermore to grace the night....
To telescopic eye
The star that would not die
All who dare
To cross her course
Are swallowed by
A fearsome force
Through the void
To be destroyed
Or is there something more?
Atomized ---- at the core
Or through the Astral Door ----
To soar....
I set a course just east of Lyra
And northwest of Pegasus
Flew into the light of Deneb
Sailed across the Milky Way
On my ship, the 'Rocinante'
Wheeling through the galaxies,
Headed for the heart of Cygnus
Headlong into mystery
The x-ray is her siren song
My ship cannot resist her long
Nearer to my deadly goal
Until the Black Hole ----
Gains control....
Spinning, whirling,
Still descending
Like a spiral sea,
Sound and fury
Drowns my heart
Every nerve
Is torn apart....
To be continued
Rush Lyrics
Rush Different Stages Lyrics
More Rush Music Lyrics:
Rush - ANTHEM Lyrics
Rush - CHAIN LIGHTNING Lyrics
Rush - Distant Early Warning Lyrics
Rush - FREEWILL Lyrics
Rush - Heart Full Of Soul Lyrics
Rush - How It Is Lyrics
Rush - MIDDLETOWN DREAMS Lyrics
Rush - THE SPEED OF LOVE Lyrics


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Wednesday, July 12 Filming Locations for Mr. Robot, Isn't Romantic, The Papers, & more!
Here's a look at various filming locations for Wednesday, July 12:
Filming in California
TV Series: American Horror Story
Stars: Bille Lourd
Location: FOX Studios, Los Angeles
TV Series: Criminal Minds
Stars: Matthew Gray Gubler
Location: Quixote Studios, Electronics Pl, Los Angeles
TV Series: American Crime Story
Stars: Penélope Cruz
Location: 1444 S Alameda St, Los Angeles
Filming in Illinois
TV Series: Hot Date
Location: 955 W Weed St, Chicago
Filming in New York
TV Series: Mozart in the Jungle
Stars: Gael García Bernal
Location:Shonnard Terrace, Yonkers
Movie: Isn't It Romantic
Stars: Liam Hemsworth
Location: Washington Square Park, NYC
Movie: The Papers (working title Nor Easter)
Stars: Tom Hanks
Location: Wall St and William St. NYC
TV Series: Mr. Robot
Stars: Rami Malek
Location: W. 26th St and 8th Ave, NYC
TV Series: The Tick
Star: Peter Serafinowicz
Location: Union Ave and North 12th St, Brooklyn
Movie: The Avengers: Infinity War
Stars: Robert Downey, Jr
Location: 8-08 Queens Plaza S, Long Island City
TV Series: Red Oaks
Stars: Craig Roberts
Location:back at Willow Ridge Country Club in Harrison
Movie: The Week Of
Stars: Adam Sandler
Location: Broadway Mall in Hicksville
Filming in North Carolina
TV Series: Good Behavior
Stars: Michelle Dockery
Location: 6013 Wellesley Dr, Wilmington
Follow us on Twitter for updates throughout the day, too!
We're always looking for more info...know where something's filming? Send us a Tip via email at email@example.com or leave a comment in the bottom of this post! And, as always, a huge THANK YOU to those who helped us with today's info!
7 CommentsAdd yours
The Papers (Allison Brie, Tom Hanks) is filming in lower Manhattan, William + Beaver.
This is second time Nor Easter has been by Wall St. Anyone know info on it?
Never mind, just saw what it is.
They are filming a movie called Blue Leggings on South End Avenue and Albany Street
Filming in Yonkers on Shonnard & North Broadway something that starts with "The Greatest…" Didn't get a closer look at the sheet.
Anyone know when season 2 of "Good Behavior" wraps filming?
Sara Jessica Parker new movie?


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Cell culture protein surface coating is a procedure in which the cell culture surfaces are coated with proteins or extracellular matrix (ECM) components to enhance the adhesion and proliferation of the cells during in vitro isolation and cultivation. Proteins that are used in coating cells are collagen, fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and osteopontin, which are either animal derived, plant derived, synthetic, or human derived. Protein surface coating facilitates the growth of various types of cells such as epithelial, leukocytes, muscle cells, neurons, chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, fibroblasts, and neurons.
Request to Sample of This Report @ https://marketreportscenter.com/request-sample/537291
Scope of the Report:
Technavio's analysts forecast the global cell culture protein surface coating market to grow at a CAGR of 13.20% during the period 2017-2021
Covered in this report
The report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the global cell culture protein surface coating market for 2017-2021. To calculate the market size, the report presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources.
The market is divided into the following segments based on geography:
– Americas
Buy report at https://marketreportscenter.com/buy-now?sku=TCAPR171436
Technavio's report, Global Cell Culture Protein Surface Coating Market 2017-2021, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the market landscape and its growth prospects over the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market.
Key vendors
– Corning
– EMD Millipore
– Thermo Fisher Scientific
– Sigma-Aldrich
Other prominent vendors
– Abcam
– Agilent Technologies
– AM-Pharma
– BioLamina
– BioMedTech Laboratories
– Bio-Techne
– BioTime
– Caladrius Biosciences
– Cedarlane Laboratories
– Cell Guidance Systems
– CellSystems Biotechnologie Vertrieb
– Cellular Dynamics International
– Cytoskeleton
– Full Moon BioSystems
– Greiner Bio-One
– GlaxoSmithKline
– Histocell
– Japan Regenerative Medicine
– Mesoblast
– neuVitro
– Orla Protein Technologies
– Pall
– PerkinElmer
– PROGEN Biotechnik
– PromoCell
– RayBiotech
– Sartorius Stedim Biotech
– SouthernBiotech
– Taiwan Bio Therapeutics
– Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
– Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
– Trevigen
– U.S. Stem Cell
– Viogene
Market driver
– Government and research centers to promote research activities.
– For a full, detailed list, view our report
Market challenge
– Ethical concerns over usage of animal-derived protein coating material.
– For a full, detailed list, view our report
Market trend
– Increasing preference for 3D cell cultures over 2D cell cultures.
– For a full, detailed list, view our report
Check for discount @ https://marketreportscenter.com/request-discount/537291
Key questions answered in this report
– What will the market size be in 2021 and what will the growth rate be?
– What are the key market trends?
– What is driving this market?
– What are the challenges to market growth?
– Who are the key vendors in this market space?
– What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors?
– What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?
Complete Report with TOC Available @ https://marketreportscenter.com/reports/537291/global-cell-culture-protein-surface-coating-market-2017-2021
About Us:
Market Reports Center is an e-commerce platform obliging the needs of knowledge workers, experts, professionals who are subject to market research information for their work, or to make strategic business decisions. Market Reports Center's team consistently works to update and extend our existing repository of market research reports by partnering with new publishers and adding their studies to our website.
For further information contact us
Sam Collins
Market Reports Center
Email: email@example.com
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Watch TV shows, movies and more on Yahoo View, available now on iOS and Android.
Sarah covers for Kylie, telling Gail and her psychiatrist how Kylie pushed Callum off, thus saving her life and David threw him out.
Coronation Street
Britain's favorite drama series Coronation Street is loved by millions of fans worldwide. For five decades we have been gripped by the domestic dramas of these ordinary people on the fictional cobbled street in Manchester. The roll call of iconic characters over the years is endless, with approximately 5,000 characters. The street has seen it all, from affairs of the heart to domestic disasters. With over 7,500 episodes there have been 39 births, 120 deaths and 88 weddings.


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Doctors Lounge - Fertility Answers
"The information provided on www.doctorslounge.com is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a patient/site visitor and his/her physician."
Back to Fertility Answers List
Forum Name: Male Sexual Disorders
Question: Problems Maintaining an erection during sex
|Gump - Wed Nov 02, 2005 3:56 pm
Share |
Dear Doctor,
I have had an ongoing problem for over a year now.. during intercourse i lose my erection.. during foreplay it is fine, but when it comes to intercourse it is not so..
I think the problem may stem from my addiction to masturbating over pornography? i tend to masturbate every other day now.. whereas for a long time it was around twice a day.. everytime whilst viewing porn on the internet..
When i think about it now, i think maybe the problem could be that my imagination is lacking when i have sex because im used to having visual graphic images in front of me ?!? hence the failure ?!?
I did see my Doctor about this problem when it first started and he prescribed me with Viagra, now here is my second major problem.. i am now single but have been seeing my ex on and off, and when we have sex, the only way i can is to use viagra because i worry that if i don't take it i wont get an erection at all !?! she does not know that i take it, so i feel i am betraying her also..
Oh dear, all in all its very frustrating and very annoying, i never had these problems when i was 17-20 but now i cant seem to shift them, do you think it could be a mental problem and an addiction to masturbation ?!?
For the record i do not smoke, but i enjoy a drink at the weekends.. say 15 pints over a Friday n Saturday night.
Look forward to an early response.
|dsjeya - Fri Nov 04, 2005 5:39 am
Share |
depression could be,y not reduce frquency of masturbation
diabetis also to beruled out
|| Check a doctor's response to similar questions
Are you a Doctor, Pharmacist, PA or a Nurse?
Join the Doctors Lounge online medical community
Editorial activities: Publish, peer review, edit online articles.
Ask a Doctor Teams: Respond to patient questions and discuss challenging presentations with other members.


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Interested customers must purchase the first two games and then fill out a redemption form (which can be found inside the game packages or on the campaign's official website) and send it to Ubi Soft, along with the original proof of purchase coupons (which can be found in the games' manuals) and the cash register receipts in either original or copy.
Below you will find RPGFan's verdict on the three games, as provided by our review staff.
Sunday, September 24 • 10am PDT/1pm EDT
Final Fantasy XII: The Zodiac Age
Mondays • 6pm PDT/9pm EDT
Vandal Hearts
Tuesdays • 12pm PDT/3pm EDT
Danganronpa 2
Tuesday-Thursdays • 5pm PDT/8pm EDT


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Mastering Safety Communication
Available in Print $14.95
Print Version $14.95
Available in Digital eBook $12.97
Digital eBook Version $12.97
(System Requirements for Digital eBook: You must have an eReader device such as Kindle, Nook, iPad, iPhone, Android Tablet, Android Phone, OR you may read it on your computer using Adobe Reader)
Technical Support for eBook Reader's (Click Here)
Over 80,000 copies sold, more than any other book in the field of safety!
(Bulk Discounts and Expedited Shipping – Available Call In Orders Only) Call 209-747-2770
This is the most important book on communicating your safety message you could own.
Five years in the writing, it's the first and only book written specifically for safety professionals by a Certified Speaking Professional. For the first time ever, safety speaker John lays bare his exact system for making safety fun and interesting. You'll find more communication tips on any two pages of this book than you'll find in the entire manuscripts of other so-called how-to books.
What's Inside:
CHAPTER ONE: How To Use This Book
- Write Down Your Ideas
- Questions Can Be Your Compass
- Reading This Book Effectively
CHAPTER TWO: Communication Philosophy
- There Are No Rules! Well Maybe One!
- Taking Personal Responsibility Is Vital To A Safe Workplace
- In Order To Make A Difference, You Must Believe You Can Make A Difference
- Changing Who We Are Is How We Move To The Next Level Of Excellence
- Create For Yourself The Role Of Someone Who Helps Supervisors Achieve A Safe Workplace
- Reinforce In Your Mind And Others That You Are Effective
- Safety Professionals Affect Company Profits
- Learning, Communicating and Entertaining
- Have Fun!
- Do You Enjoy Results Or Just The Struggle?
- Believe In Yourself And What You Do
CHAPTER THREE: Representational Systems
- What Are Representational Systems?
- Primary Representational System
- How To Use Representational Systems Effectively
- Analysis of Sensory Words Used In Story
- Examples of Representational System Words
- Which Is Your Primary Representational System?
CHAPTER FOUR: Rapport Skills
- The Magic Of Rapport
- Matching and Mirroring
- What Matching And Mirroring Is Not!
- More Detail On How To Match And Mirror
- Rules: "Look To Talk" and "Look To Listen"
- When Not To Use Matching and Mirroring
- Five Things To Match In Getting Rapport
- Cross Over Mirroring
- How Do You Know You Have Rapport?
- How To Achieve Rapport With A Room Full Of People
CHAPTER FIVE: Motivation of Yourself and Others
- Take Responsibility For Training Results
- Making Safety Communication Important To You
- How To Build Passion
- Making A Difference
- Motivation Idea – Choice
- "Safety," Their Viewpoint Or Yours
- Safety And Production
- The Magic Of High Expectations
- Safety Is A Team Effort
- Taking Responsibility For Others Safety
- Motivation of Safety Professionals
- Reinforcing Your Own Effective Self Image
- Build Strong Beliefs About Your Effectiveness
- Evaluation Forms
- Doing Whatever It Takes
- Passion
CHAPTER SIX: Inspirational Learning
- A Positive Effect Of Copying Behavior
- A Bonus Of Working For A Safety Conscious Company
- One Way People Learn, On The Job Training
- Correcting Unsafe Behaviors Is A Must
- Being An Inspiration To Others
- Be A Student Of Excellence – Look For Similarities
CHAPTER SEVEN: Sandwich Style Criticism
- The Magic Of Sandwich Style Criticism
- Why Multiply Your Effectiveness
- Sandwich Style Criticism
- How To Come Up With A Positive List
- Planning Ahead For Spontaneity
CHAPTER EIGHT: Creative Ideas
- How People Get Into A Stuck State
- Getting Someone Out Of A Stuck State
- I Know You Don't Know But If You Did Know?
- Activities You Can Do To Improve Imagination
- An Example Of The Evolution Of A Training Technique
- Sharing Ideas With Others
CHAPTER NINE: What's In A Word?
- Language and Thinking
- Words – The Keys To Your Thoughts
- Change The Meaning – Change The Feeling
- Words You Say To Yourself
CHAPTER TEN: Outcomes
- Outcomes, Yours and theirs.
- Leaders Have Specific Outcomes
- Programming Your Brain To Achieve Your Outcomes
- Reach Higher Levels of Performance By Stretching Your Own Outcomes
- Helping Others Reach Higher Standards By Stretching Your Own Outcomes
- Guidelines For An Achievable Outcome
- State Your Outcome In The Positive
- Be Specific In What You Want
- Take Into Account Their Current Behavior
- Outcomes Initiated and Maintained By You
- Make Your Outcomes Sensory Specific
- Is It Compelling?
- Determine Specific Evidence Of Achievement
- Is It What You Really Want?
- Who Is This Outcome Up To?
- Do You Have A Choice Of Ways To Achieve It?
- Is The First Step Specified And Achievable?
- What Resources Do You Need To Achieve Your Outcome?
- Act As If
- Some Fine Tuning Questions To Ask
- The Magic Of One Word
- Bad At Names? Here Is A Strategy That Works!
- Strategies and Successful Use Of Them
- Preferred Seating Arrangement
- Treating Trainees As An Audience
- Public Address Systems
- How Many People Are Hearing Impaired?
- The Magic Of Physiology
- Podium Use And It's Negative Effect
- Use Your Notes In A Creative Way
- Make Some Training Meetings Special
- Taking Out Time For Training
- Handouts With Blank Spaces – A Clever Addition
- Taking Breaks
- Opportunities For Learning
- Plan Ahead For The Spontaneous
CHAPTER TWELVE: Effective Implementation
- Now Is The Time To Take Action!
- Action Is The Key To Success
- Thanks
Review of Mastering Safety Communication
Reprinted with permission from Professional Safety Magazine.
Mastering Safety Communication – Skills for a Safe, Productive and Profitable Workplace.
Most professionals like to have on their bookshelves how-to or hands-on books that they can use effectively in their day-to-day work. This book is one of those – but it is also backed up by the philosophy behind the recommendations. Thus, in this sense, it is more than a how-to book.
The book is based on the author's 19+ years experience as an effective trainer, teacher, and professional speaker to audiences of both employees and managers. Scattered throughout the book are appropriate quotes by people from whom Drebinger has learned many ideas. One quote, perhaps more than any other, illustrates the book's theme: "The outcomes you hold yourself accountable for are the ones you will achieve."
Drebinger advocates keeping a journal and writing down ideas as they arise. He says, "Writing a journal not only creates a record of your life and ideas, (it) becomes a doorway to new ideas, decisions, and pathways in the future." Several blank pages with the heading "What Ideas Can I Use to Improve the Safety Behavior of Myself and Those With Whom I Work?" are included near the end of the book.
The book has 12 short, hard-hitting chapters that give the reader the tools needed to develop an effective, individual communication style. A section entitled, "Questions to Enhance Your Reading", prefaces each chapter. Near the book's end, the author provides a "Collection of Empowering Quotes" as well as a recommended reading list. While aimed at safety professionals, this book is excellent for anyone who has the opportunity to communicate with, teach, and train people.
Dr. Milton Rhodes, CSP, Miami, FL
Available in Print $14.95
Print Version $14.95
Available in Digital eBook $12.97
Digital eBook Version $12.97
(System Requirements for Digital eBook: You must have an eReader device such as Kindle, Nook, iPad, iPhone, Android Tablet, Android Phone, OR you may read it on your computer using Adobe Reader)
Join Me In Indianapolis
Search Website
- Diane Weiss - Marketing Director
- John Drebinger Presentations
- +1 209-745-9419
- firstname.lastname@example.com


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Moving the Earth
Fifth graders simulate the three primary types of fault movement lateral fault, reverse fault, and normal fault by positioning their hands and applying pressure to them to observe the similar action taking place in the Earth's crust.
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Kinesthetic Astronomy: The Meaning of a Year
How many times have you traveled around the sun? Aspiring astronomers grasp what a year is and they differentiate between orbit and rotation by walking around the sun right within your classroom. Place a lamp in the center of the room to...
3rd - 8th Science
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Before thinking about starting a Social Enterprise consider the following questions:-
- Are you part of an organisation?
Answer: the term 'Social Enterprise' is an organisational definition rather than something that defines an individual. However many successful Social Enterprises have been founded and run during their start-up phase by individual social entrepreneurs.
- Does your Board support the move to Social Enterprise?
Answer: If your Board does not understand or support the Social Enterprise concept then it will be difficult to become successful as a Social Enterprise. Many voluntary organisations are governed by principles that make them fit well into the definition of social enterprise but who nevertheless prefer to call themselves a voluntary organisation or community group. By contrast, many organisations will define themselves as social enterprises and yet closer examination shows that their social aims are tenuous at best, and their activities often far removed from the people and causes they claim to support.
- Is the organisation prepared to move from voluntary to business 'culture'?
Answer: If the organisation is not prepared to adopt businesslike practices then it is unlikely any move towards social enterprise will succeed.
- Are you prepared to run a business?
Answer: The organisation must be prepared to run its activity like a business.
- Is the organisation risk averse?
Answer: Adopting a business approach has associated risks. If the organisation is opposed to risk then the Social Enterprise model may not be suitable.
- Is the organisation open to change in focus and / or working practices?
Answer: A social enterprise operates as a business. Adopting a business model required to support a social enterprise may require changes to working practices. If the organisation is not open to these changes then the Social Enterprise model may not succeed.
- Is the organisation prepared to invest in training and staff development?
Answer: Staff and volunteers will need to develop the skills necessary to support the new enterprise. If the organisation is not willing to invest in developing staff and volunteer skills, then the business model may not 'fit' the definition of Social Enterprise.
- Do you have a product or service that someone is willing to pay for?
Answer: Being a Social Enterprise is only a viable option if the organisation has a product or service that people are willing to pay for, and that will be able to sustain the organisation over a period of time.
- Do you know whether you can cover all your existing costs and generate surplus income from the sale of products or services?
Answer: A Social Enterprise is commonly defined as a voluntary organisation that derives at least 50% of its income from trading activity. It should at the very least cover its costs but ideally make a profit to re-invest into its social aims.
- Do you have clear social aims and objectives?
Answer: If an organisation does not have clear and documented social aims and objectives then it cannot really be defined as a Social Enterprise.


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S3 is an Object based storage.
file size 0-5 TB
universal namespace – names unique globally
file link format
http 200 code – if upload successful
S3 is not suitable for hosting databases or installing OS
Data Consistency:
Read after write consistency PUTs of new objects
Eventual consistency for overwrite PUTs and DELETEs
S3 object has:
key – filename
value – data
version id
- torrent
Design Question – naming of S3 files.
- add random SALT at start of file name so objects can be stored evenly across S3.
Amazon S3 Standard and Standard – IA are designed to provide 99.999999999% durability of objects over a given year.
Amazon S3 is designed to sustain the concurrent loss of data in two facilities.
Storage Tiers:
Standard (99.99% availability, 99.999999999% durability)
Standard -IA – cheaper
RRS – 99.99% durability, 99.99% availability
Glacier – data archival. 3-5 hour retrieval time – independent from S3
Galcier – $0.01 per 1GB per month
S3 – Charges
- storage
- requests
- storage management pricing (tags)
- data transfer pricing (data coming in is free but moving data around costs)
- transfer acceleration (takes advantage of cloudfront edge locations)
a bucket name must contain lower case characters and numbers
objects can belong to different storage classes within the same bucket
Versioning (lab)
Once versioning is turned on for a bucket it can't be removed. it can only be disabled.
new version of same file will not have same permissions as the old version.
even if the bucket has read for everyone – the permissions don't filter down to individual objects uploaded to the bucket
versioning integrates with lifecycle rules
can enable MFA with versioning on buckets or objects for additional layer of security
Cross Region Replication (lab)
versioning must be turned on for both source and destination buckets
objects in the source bucket prior to turning on cross region replication will not be replicated. only new objects uploaded to source buckets will be replicated to target bucket.
deleting an object in source bucket will also delete an object from target bucket
delete marker does replicate across region, version deletion doesn't replicate either
Lifecycle Management
With transition action and expiration actions you can setup lifecycle management for S3 objects. You can use lifecycle management rules to move objects to lower tiers of storage and even to glacier and/or delete objects.
All new buckets are private
access control can be setup using
bucket policies and
ACL (at the object level as well)
buckets can be configured to create access logs. logs can be created in another bucket or account
in transit
ssl and tls
and data rest
server side encryption
S3 managed keys SSE-S3
AWS key management service, managed keys, SSE-KMS (provides audit trail)
SSE-C , customer manages the key
Client side encryption
Transfer Acceleration
uses cloudfront edge network to accelerate uploads to S3
can you a distinct URL to upload directly to an edge location, which will transfer file to S3
Static Website Hosting
You can host static website on S3.
URL format for static website hosting:
Endpoint : http://bucketname.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com
Make sure to read S3 FAQs:


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New Delhi: The last rites of soldiers martyred in attack at army camp in Uri, J&K were performed on Monday.
Jammu: Last rites ceremony of Subedar Karnail Singh who lost his life in #UriAttack yesterday pic.twitter.com/PFcd24yj3U
— ANI (@ANI_news) September 19, 2016
Jammu: Cremation of Subedar Karnail Singh who lost his life in #UriAttack yesterday pic.twitter.com/LhlE4JJBI5
— ANI (@ANI_news) September 19, 2016
17 soldiers were killed while 30 others were injured when militants stormed an Army camp in Uri near the Line of Control (LoC) on Sunday morning. Four militants were also killed in the encounter.
This was one of the deadliest attacks in Kashmir in more than two decades. The Valley has been on boil since July 8, when terrorist Burhan Wani was killed.
Himachal Pradesh: Local residents of Mandi pay candle light tribute to soldiers who lost their life in #UriAttack. pic.twitter.com/OLyMt2HaYf
— ANI (@ANI_news) September 19, 2016
First Published | 19 September 2016 6:28 PM
Download English News App and stay updated with all Latest News. For News in English, follow us on
Web Title: Uri martyrs laid to rest with full honours
(Latest News in English from Newsx)


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History & Pioneers
The history of the Chinese community in Canada dates back to the late 18th century. An understanding of this history helps place individual genealogical research in a broader context, and explains some of the unique challenges facing those attempting to research their Chinese-Canadian roots.
In this section:
Milestones in Chinese-Canadian History
A chronology of Chinese-Canadian history, highlighting specific events that have affected the history of Chinese families in Canada.
Migration and Settlement
Information about historical Chinese demographics and settlement patterns in Canada.
Chinese-Canadian Pioneer Stories
Links to accounts of the lives of several early Chinese-Canadian families.
Heritage Projects
Descriptions and links to additional information about projects through which the Chinese-Canadian community is beginning to reclaim its heritage. Some initiatives include genealogical components.
Additional Resources
For more information on this topic, see Chinese-Canadian History, a subject guide prepared by staff at the Vancouver Public Library. Includes suggested catalogue searches, recommended books, websites and electronic resources.
Contact Info
Phone: 604-331-3603
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Additional contact information
The Vancouver Public Library acknowledges the participation of the Chinese-Canadian Historical Society of B.C. and members of Vancouver's Chinese-Canadian community. Many individuals have contributed time, knowledge and ideas. We particularly thank Loretta Chow, Ray Chow, Gordon Mark, Trev Sue-a-Quan, Ed Wickberg, Larry Wong, May Yan-Mountain, Gail Yip, and Eleanor Yuen for their enthusiasm and support.
The Vancouver Public Library Trust was generous in providing the financial support necessary to develop and launch the initial phase of this website.
We gratefully acknowledge the support of Library and Archives Canada, whose contribution has allowed us to expand and develop the content of the Chinese-Canadian Genealogy Website.


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'FNS' Revitalizing Shampoo
Revitalizing Shampoo—step 1 in the FNS system—is an anti-aging formula that gently cleanses and nourishes thinning, fine or weak hair. This mild formula was designed without sodium lauryl sulfates, which dry and irritate hair and scalp. It thoroughly removes sebum buildup, clears the follicle pathways and prepares the scalp to receive the optimal benefits from Follicle Nutrient Serum. Essential vitamins, minerals and botanicals promote thicker, healthier hair with strength, body and shine.
- 6.8 oz.
- By Osmotics Cosmeceuticals.
- Item #60147
Purified Water, Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate, Decyl Glucoside, PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, Glycerine, Glycol Stearate & Stearamide AMP, Aloe Vera Gel, Oleth-10, Niacin, Polyquaternium-10, Tocopherol (Vitamin E), Algae Extract (Laminaria Cloustonii Extract), Wheat Amino Acid, Palmitate (Vitamin A), Panthenol (Vitamin B-5), Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C), Avocado Extract, Carrot Extract, Cucumber Extract, Ginseng Extract, Rosemarinus Officinalis (Rosemary Moroccan) Essential Oil, Citric Acid, Isopropylparaben (and) Isobutylparaben (and) Butylparaben.
Ingredients are subject to change at the manufacturer's discretion. For the most complete and up-to-date list of ingredients, refer to the product packaging.


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Designer Clothing Jobs
If you think that designer clothes Denver are too expensive then you might want to find a discount store that sells it. Sometimes you can find really great brands at stores that sell designer clothing for cheaper, there are many people who would love to wear designer clothing but cannot afford it. Many times a job will require a person working for them to wear designer clothing that they sell at their place of business. There are many people who cannot afford that and may get fired for not fulfilling the duty of wearing designer clothing to work on a daily basis.


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Acton Scott Historic Working Farm near Church Stretton, demonstrates life on a Shropshire upland farm at the turn of the last century. The farm has featured on BBC TV's 'Victorian Farm' and more recently used as the setting for Monty Don's Real Craft series on More Four. Visitors to the popular family read more
All With the Family
Ironbridge Gorge Museums
Whether you are interested in fine china, fun interactives or a 'Victorian' town, its all to be found in this World Heritage Site. A fun and informative day out is ensured at the ten Ironbridge Gorge Museums. Whether you are interested in fine china, decorative tiles, fun interactives or a read more
Shropshire Hills Discovery Centre
Get up close and personal to Shropshire's larger than life mammoth and step back into the Iron Age. If you're looking for somewhere to take the kids or grandkids during the summer holidays we have several family events to keep children and adults amused and entertained. Take a balloon ride over the Shropshire read more
Climbing The Walls
Climbing the walls indoor rock climbing centre is on the Battlefield Trading Estate on the outskirts of Shrewsbury with over 8,000 square ft of huge climbing space. Our purpose built climbing centre caters for all ages and abilities. Designed together with one of the market leaders, each section caters perfectly for all read more