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Re-accredited by NAAC with 'A' Grade 3.64 CGPA (3rd Cycle)
College of Excellence (UGC), Star College (DBT)
Co-Educational Institution Approved by UGC, New Delhi
G.N.Mills Post, Coimbatore - 641029, Tamilnadu, INDIA
Dr. V. Balasubramaniam
Principal In-charge
Kongunadu Arts and Science College
Dr. V. Balasubramaniam, Associate Professor in Botany assumed the Principal in-charge on 01.06.2017. He started his career in 1998 as lecturer in Botany and was promoted as Associate Professor in Botany. He had his schooling in Government High School at poolavadi, Tirupur district and completed his PUC from NGM College, Pollachi. He had his undergraduate, Postgraduate and Doctoral Degree from Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore. His area of specialization are Angiosperm Taxonomy and Ethnolotany. He had published 50 research articles in National and International journals and also participated in several National and State level Seminars, Workshop and Symposia. He produced 9 M.Phil and 3 Ph.D scholars and currently 2 Ph.D scholars are pursuing their Ph.D under his guidance. He had served as NSS programme officer from 2006-2009 and member of Board of Studies at Bharathiar University and many autonomous colleges. He is also a life member in Indian Science Congress Association.


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New York: US stocks rose on Tuesday, boosted by swift steps toward formation of a new Italian government and stronger-than-expected reports on the US economy.
Stocks sensitive to economic growth led the rally, with technology and industrials the best performers. Apple rose more than 2.5%, up for only the second day in the last eight.
But despite Tuesday's advance and after posting gains in five of the last six weeks, the S&P 500 is flat for the year and trapped in a tight range. The index could find tough technical resistance to continue its rise on Wednesday.
Markets have been jittery as the euro zone's debt crisis is in danger of spiraling out of control. Borrowing costs spiked again in Italy. France, until now not viewed as problematic, also was hit by higher bond yields.
Mario Monti, Italy's prime minister-designate, is expected to complete the process of forming a government in less than three days, much faster than normal, as Italy races to ward off a major financial and political crisis that has pushed its borrowing costs to untenable levels.
"This sense of urgency in forming a new government is giving the market relief," said Quincy Krosby, market strategist at Prudential Financial in Newark, New Jersey.
"As long as the news out of Europe is less dramatic, that gives the US market a chance to focus on domestic data." she said. "And retail numbers have a high positive correlation with the market."
US retail sales rose broadly in October, and a gauge of manufacturing in New York state advanced in November, suggesting the economy could maintain momentum through the fourth quarter and pushing back recession fears.
With Italian benchmark bond yields closing above 7% and Spanish and French yields also higher, any market stability could evaporate if Italy's plans to form a new cabinet doesn't calm debt markets.
"The danger is -- and the markets are keenly aware of this -- that this crisis, like most, turn on a dime and can blow up very, very quickly," said Oliver Pursche, president of Gary Goldberg Financial Services in Suffern, New York.
The Dow Jones industrial average gained 17.18 points, or 0.14%, to 12,096.16. The S&P 500 rose 6.03 points, or 0.48%, to 1,257.81. The Nasdaq Composite added 28.98 points, or 1.09%, to 2,686.20.
The euro fell against the US dollar, which has of late been an indicator of a declining stock market. The decoupling from this correlation could confirm the momentary shift in focus to the US economy.
When Italian bond yields rose above 7% last week, the S&P 500 fell nearly 4% in one day. US stock market trading has been marked by heightened volatility recently as much of it has been tied to news and market moves out of Europe.
In earnings news, Wal-Mart Stores Inc's quarterly profit missed expectations as the economy continues to weigh on customers in the United States, its largest division. Shares of the world's largest retailer dropped 2.4% to $57.46.
About 6.3 billion shares traded on the New York Stock Exchange, NYSE Amex and Nasdaq, far below the year's current daily average of about 8 billion.
Advancing stocks outnumbered declining ones on the NYSE by a ratio of more than 8 to 5, while on the Nasdaq, about two stocks rose for every one that fell.


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The Friday night lights will be shining on the Heritage and Chatfield High School football teams this week. However, the action won't be with helmets and pads on the gridiron.
The teams will compete in the annual Danny Dietz 6-28-05 Memorial Fitness Challenge. Dietz was a former Littleton resident and a U.S. Navy SEAL who was killed June 28, 2005, in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. On Sept. 13, 2006, Dietz was posthumously awarded the United States' second highest citation for valor, the Navy Cross. Also, a section of Santa Fe Drive between I-25 and C-470 has been named the "Navy Seal Danny Phillip Dietz, Jr. Memorial Highway."
Since his death, his family has worked to honor his memory, said Matthew Luoma, a board member for the Danny Dietz Leadership & Training Foundation.
"After Danny died, the family set up this foundation to attempt to channel Danny's spirit and channel into youths to realize their potential," said Luoma.
The foundation trains and mentors local teenagers and twenty-something's and help them learn teamwork, leadership skills, and achieve more through intellectual and physical challenges. The group hosts youths Mondays and Wednesdays each week at the Littleton YMCA, which offer vigorous workouts and intellectual discussions. During the classes, Danny Dietz Sr., who was a Vietnam Corpsman, teaches and motivates young people. Most young people who are involved with the group are interested in joining the military, Luoma said. Dietz Sr. encourages participants to read the book "Lone Survivor: The Eyewitness Account of Operation Redwing and the Lost Heroes of SEAL Team 10," which was written by Marcus Luttrell, the only survivor of Operation Redwing — the operation in which Danny Dietz died.
The memorial challenge will consist of six exercises, 28 repetitions and five sets—or 6 28 05—which represents the date of Dietz's passing. The exercises include push-ups, weighted lunges, sit-ups, burpees (or squat thrusts), four-count flutter kicks and ground-to-overhead plate presses.
Luoma said the foundation's impact is tangible.
"When I compare these kids to just 15 months ago, the difference is strikingly noticeable. They're more mature, they're more confident, they're more responsible," said Luoma.
For his part, Luoma, 57, has seen a change in his own life since he started attending weekly sessions with the foundation.
"I approach obstacles and with a different mindset these days," he said. "I don't think so much about how much it's going to hurt or whether it's going to be an aggravation or whether I can get it done. I just approach it, analyze it, and I just start chipping away at it. And I was kind of surprised that I would have a noticeable attitude change on conflict and problems."
The Danny Dietz 6-28-05 Memorial Fitness Challenge will be held at 5:30 p.m. Friday, June 28, at Littleton Public Schools Stadium, 199 E. Littleton Blvd. The individual winner will receive a memorial coin. The winner of the team competition will have the honor of holding for a year the Danny Dietz Memorial Challenge Trophy, which is a miniature of the statue in Littleton's Berry Park, which honors Dietz. While the event is open to the public, competitions this year will be limited to the football teams. The event is free, however donations are encouraged. Merchandise will also be for sale.
Chris Ferguson is a news editor for Evergreen Newspapers. E-mail story tips to him at email@example.com.
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For Drs
For Drs
Telehealth: if a physio can do it, so can you!
Dr Hilda High has been conducting bulk billed Telehealth consults throughout rural and regional Australia since 2013. In this presentation, she summarises her experiences for the Royal Australian College of Physicians workshop on Telehealth.
It's filled with practical tips and tricks for both GPs and Specialists.
Dr High's presentation is followed by a presentation by Julia Martinovich entitled "How to Make Telehealth Work" and a short question and answer segment.
For information on Telehealth Item numbers for both Specialists and GPs ("patient-end"), see the MBS Online website MBS Video Consultation Items page.
(the first few introductory slides are missing, including the Outline of the talk:
Setting up
Before the consult
During the consult
After the consult
Finding Patients
Other tips and tricks)
Referral Information
Address your referral to Dr Hilda High, Sydney Cancer Genetics.
Please include:
- your patient's cancer history (including age at diagnosis and pathology report if available)
- Reason for the referral /family history
- patient's preferred contact phone number
We have just one phone number, one fax, one email and one address for correspondence:
- Fax: 61 2 8095 9421 (preferred method for receiving referrals
- Email:
- Mail: PO Box 845 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- To discuss the specifics of your patient's case, to ask a question or to make an appointment Phone: 61 2 8964 9921
Who should be referred?
We are happy to see anyone who is concerned about their own risk or their family's risk of cancer, whether they personally have had cancer or not.
To aid with referrals, you can download our Family History Questionnaire, ask your patient to complete it and return later to discuss the cancer history with you.
The following family histories are NOT likely to be related to an inherited cancer syndrome.
- 3 relatives with breast cancer in the 60s or older
- A mix of bladder, lung and throat cancer in the 50s or older
- Melanoma and other skin cancers in the 50s or older
Instead they are likely to be related to longevity, environmental or lifestyle factors such as smoking or diet. These families should follow population based screening and healthy lifestyle advice.
Cancer is common, particularly over the age of 60. However, some family histories are suggestive of a familial cancer syndrome. Features include but are not limited to:
- Breast: diagnosis <40; bilateral breast cancer; male breast cancer; "triple negative" pathology
- Bowel: diagnosis <45; also a history of uterine cancer; loss of MMR IHC staining
- Bowel polyps:>3 polyps under 30; > 20 polyps lifetime; rare type of polyp
- Melanoma: unusual location eg uveal or very young onset
- Ovarian:all women with a high grade epithelial, non mucinous, ovarian cancer
- Renal cancer: diagnosis < 40; rare pathology type (eg papillary, chromophobe, oncocytoma)
- Rare cancers (eg pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma, adrenocorticocarcinoma)
- Rare pathology of more common cancers (eg medullary thyroid cancer; diffuse gastric cancer)
Note: unaffected but at-risk relatives may also wished to be referred, if their relative has died without testing and had a triple negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer, a young onset or a rare cancer type. Tumour samples are stored for around 15yrs, allowing tumour testing to be performed in some cases.
Detailed guidelines on cancer genetic referrals can be found on the Cancer Institute's eviQ website.. Access freely available but requires registration.
You can also download a one page referral summary.
Also see our NEW tab for details on "Rare cancers" and "BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing guidelines expanded".
You can watch our short video,
"When and how to refer patients to cancer genetic services" complete with case studies, on our YouTube Channel. To find our other educational videos, click on the YouTube icon on the bottom of the page.
How do I advise my patients about Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen, along with Raloxifene and Exemestane, has been show to decrease breast cancer risk in unaffected women at moderate or high risk of breast cancer because of their family history.
This patient handout on Tamoxifen and similar drugs, is for such women. You can also refer your patients to the Tamoxifen post on our Facebook Page.
For more information, see the Cancer Australia FAQ on Tamoxifen for GP's
Should primary health physicians order cancer-related genetic tests?
(This post is reproduced from an article submitted to The Medical Observer on 7th June, 2016.)
GPs are skilled at assessing and treating patients and, in the case of complex problems, referring them to the right specialist. What's different about genetic testing?
There is nothing truly difficult about being a genetic oncologist or clinical geneticist: much of it is pattern recognition based on acquired knowledge and experience.
And there isn't anything intrinsically difficult about a ordering a genetic test. Such testing involves a blood or saliva sample to provide the white cells from which the germline DNA can be extracted.
The patient's DNA is then screened for changes in the DNA code. These may be common and usually harmless (polymorphisms), disease-causing (pathogenic mutations), or the change may not yet be classified or fully understood (a variant).
As with any test, it's the interpretation that can be is problematic. Think of trying to interpret an MRI scan without a radiologist's report. For this reason, many providers of genetic testing, particularly direct-to-consumer testing, emphatically state that they don't provide a medical service, diagnosis, treatment, or even advice.
This shifts the expensive part of the test — informed consent and explaining what the result actually represents in term of cancer risk — to the doctor who orders the test.
To continue the imaging analogy, the best way to investigate a sore knee might be via ultrasound, X-ray, CT, MRI or even blood test (if septic arthritis is considered). Similarly, genetic testing comes in different forms: single gene or genes, targeted panels, general panels, arrays or whole exomes or genomes.
Choosing the correct test is important to maximise health resource dollars and to avoid creating more uncertainty. For example, using breast MRI when a mammogram would do.
Ordering more tests is not necessarily better. Panel testing is not usually used in a clinical setting, as the more genes tested, the greater the chance of finding variants, each of which needs to be researched and considered.
Not all genetic labs provide the same quality of testing or interpretation. And, just as with imaging, not finding a mutation doesn't mean there isn't a problem.
When it comes to heritable cancer syndromes, a positive family history is still a positive family history whether a mutation is identified or not. That's why the term uninformative rather than negative is employed when a mutation search doesn't turn up a mutation. Such individuals and families remain at increased risk and therefore may require earlier onset and/or more intensive cancer screening.
GPs are often highly skilled at managing these families or co-ordinating their care.
Not identifying these individuals, or worse, providing false reassurance, might mean the patient doesn't seek adequate or early screening or might present late for investigation of a symptom.
I would argue that if you are going to refer the patient to a genetics service anyway — because of a high-risk family history or if a variant is detected — it is much better to do so before ordering genetic testing. Long waiting lists don't get any shorter when your patient is already anxious about an unexpected or unexplained result! This would reduce the risk of an incorrect or insensitive test being ordered.
Like surgery, whether it's a small procedure performed in your practice or a total knee replacement, informed consent is required. This involves discussing the purpose of the genetic test (which requires an understanding of the syndromes associated with each gene to be tested), the benefits (based on a detailed family history) and risks (including on life insurance) and other options such as research opportunities and not having the test at all.
With genetic testing, I believe it should also form part of informed consent to discuss how the lab will handle the patient's personal and family information and how the DNA sample will be treated and stored. For example, my usual lab is based in Australia and stores the DNA sample indefinitely.
This allows it to be used as a positive control in predictive testing of other family members and also allows future testing, even if the patient is deceased, if permission has been provided.
The lab also uses the samples for internal quality control and notifies me as information becomes available regarding a particular variant or when further testing should be performed due to changes in technology.
Some labs use the DNA to test other parts of the genome for independent research and development.
Some people baulk at the idea that their DNA may be used for commercial gain. I am not just talking about large corporations: public hospitals and universities have enthusiastically applied for patents and aggressively defended them. The commercial application of medical knowledge is big business.
One reason public clinics may have long waiting lists is because the consenting process, and explaining the result, takes time.
If something goes wrong, it is you, not the test provider, who is in the firing line. And doctors have been sued. They have been sued for failure to warn of genetic predisposition to cancer, premature utilisation of a genetic test to tailor treatment and incorrect interpretation of a test result, to name a few instances.
Just as you wouldn't recommend a do-it-yourself knee replacement kit, long waiting lists shouldn't be used as an excuse to provide inferior genetics services.
Public familial cancer clinics do triage patients, providing more rapid access for those needing to make cancer-related decisions. Outreach services exist for non-metropolitan patients. In my practice I provide bulk billed telehealth consults for rural or regional patients, usually to the GP's practice.
Although GPs and registrars may sit in for only part, if any, of this consult, the detailed summary letters, complete with management guidelines, allow GPs to build up their experience of and familiarity with hereditary cancer syndromes. They also improve the recognition and management of individuals who are actually at low risk.
Moreover, by encouraging patients to attend with blood relatives, whole communities can be educated about cancer risk reduction.
So, while GPs can order cancer genetics tests, I would argue that most shouldn't. This is not gate keeping, it's about ensuring GPs, like all doctors, practice within their level of competence, keeping their patients safe and themselves out of the newspapers.


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My mom always made the best potato salad. I'm sure many of us love our mother's recipes the best, but this one is truly special. I think it may be the pimento...or celery seed...or the added bacon. Whatever it is, it's a keeper. I've never tried another that topped it!
This salad is incredibly easy make, especially if you take care of some of the prep (like boiling the potatoes and eggs) in advance. It's also a great make-ahead dish. In fact, I prefer it made ahead...it allows the flavors time to get nice and cozy with each other.
The first thing you do is mix together 1/2 cup mayonnaise, 1/2 tablespoon mustard, 1/2 tablespoon white vinegar, and 1/2 tablespoon sugar. Now, I know most good cooks swear that real mayo is the only way to go...and I respect that. But I have a confession.
I use Miracle Whip.
In fact, I use reduced fat Miracle Whip.
That's the way my mom did it, and this is Mama's Potato Salad after all. And I just love Miracle Whip. I can't help it. I'll now go hang my head in shame...
Toss in a half teaspoon of celery seed, a quarter cup of sweet pickle relish, a quarter cup of pimentos, and a few dashes of salt and pepper. Mix those in.
Now, finally, for the good stuff. Add 1/4 cup diced onion, 2 chopped boiled eggs, and 4 pieces of bacon that have been cooked until they are extremely crispy and then crumbled. Finally, the main ingredient...potatoes! Toss in 4 medium potatoes that have been cooked, cooled, peeled, and diced. (This is where advance prep comes in handy).
Fold everything together until the potatoes are evenly coated and then sprinkle with paprika before serving. Easy, beautiful, and delicious. Your mama would be proud. :-)
Mama's Potato Salad
4 medium cooked potatoes, cooled, peeled, and diced
salt and pepper to taste
1/4 cup sweet pickle relish
1/4 cup chopped onions
1/4 cup pimento, chopped
2 boiled eggs, chopped
1/2 t. celery seed
4 slices bacon, fried crisp and crumbled
1/2 cup mayonnaise (or Miracle Whip!)
1/2 T. mustard
1/2 T. white vinegar
1/2 T. sugar
Mix together until potatoes are covered and evenly coated. Garnish with paprika. Serves 10.
Nutrition (calculated with Miracle Whip Light, of course!): 135 cal, 5g fat, 1g sat fat, 0g trans fat, 49mg cholesterol, 483mg sodium, 19g carbs, 2g fiber, 5g sugar, 4g protein, 5% vit. A, 16% vit. C, 2% calcium, 4% iron.
Linked up with Foodie Friday!


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Kangaroo grabs a dog in a headlock before the pooch's owner comes to his A man has been captured on video fighting a kangaroo in rural.
A viral video showing a man hitting the marsupial has sparked calls for him to be fired from his position as a zookeeper.
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Sunday Oct 15, 2017 – Master Gardeners hosting Native Plant & Gardening Workshop
The London Middlesex Master Gardeners are hosting a workshop in October and this year we are Going Native! The full day session, offered at the price of only $60, will be of interest to any level of gardener interested in learning the many benefits of native and sustainable gardening practices. For Master gardeners this event will qualify for 6 CEU's. Hope you will join us!
Invader of the month – Garlic Mustard
Garlic Mustard has rapidly become one of the most invasive plants we've ever seen in Ontario. It spreads aggressively by seed so the time to deal with it is in spring before more seed is distributed!


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You know, in agrarian society, children were fabulous as free labor. I, too, have utilized A1's newly found love of reading and writing.
I'm COMPLETELY addicted to Scrabble in the form of Words With Friends on my iPhone/iPad. But it only allows me to create 20 games as a time so I fill in the gaps via enslavement of my firstborn and a lovely little game called Bananagrams. Yay for child ownership!


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My brother just bought a used 426. I checked the oil pump. Looks like metal pieces went through rotors, according to marks on rotors and sides. How critical are these marks? Must I replace the rotors or cover plate/housing aswell? Can I test the pressure of the oil pump somehow? The oil side water pump seal had blisters on the side where the numbers are. Could this be from overheating? Valve clearances I shimmed. Clutch basket I filed notches out. What else must I check? How can I check timing chain and piston without tearing apart?
YZ426F oil pump damage
There are two oil pumps. The rotor set that sits in the cavity in the case is the return, or scavenger, pump, while the one in the cover/shaft/gear assembly is the feed pump.
The return pump does not produce pressure, it delivers volume. The feed pump is expected to produce some pressure, but the amount is not specified, and therefore difficult to test for. Oil that passes through either of these rotors is filtered only by the pick up screen for the return pump, and again by the screen in the feed fitting in the frame for the feed. You should expect "some" battering of the rotor lobes, but how much is too much is kind of a judgment call.
The blisters on the seal, I assume are on the closed, inward facing part of the seal. Those could either be a result of heat (260 degrees is not overheated), or coolant leaking between the shell and the seal coating.
The condition of the rings can be tested via a leak down test. Don't check the timing chain. Replace it.
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You purchased your Aura because its dependability and an American name appealed to your senses; so why would you settle for anything but the best when it comes to great quality auto parts? While it may not be difficult to buy replacement parts for Saturn vehicles, these days the necessity for nothing but the absolute best are required to fix your car or truck. Obviously, you bought your Aura because you wanted to buy performance and unique styling both impeccably combined into one car, truck, or SUV. Anyone who drives a Saturn knows that when it comes to repairing their vehicle only the highest quality replacement parts will do.
The first production cars from over a hundred years ago must have been very unpleasant to drive. Shock absorbers became widely used on cars and trucks in the 1930s, and they contributed to the agility you feel today on your vehicle. Without your Saturn Aura shock absorbers, every inconsistency in the road will be felt by you and your passengers. The shocks on your car or truck have a valve that creates hydraulic pressure inside the cylinder with every movement. This pressure forces a piston to compress a pocket of charged gas that resists and rebounds against it. This resistance is what absorbs vibration and impact. Today, many small vehicles have replaced their shock absorbers with strut and coil spring assemblies; but not your Saturn Aura.
At Car Parts Discount, we have live customer service members available with enough expertise to help you purchase the appropriate Saturn Aura part for your project or repair. Buy all the car parts you will ever need from carpartsdiscount.com and realize incredible savings on all your upcoming repairs. Get your Aura back on the road with the highest quality new or rebuilt parts from the experts at Car Parts Discount. When it comes to Saturn Aura Shock Absorber parts, you can find them for 2009, 2008, 2007 models by clicking the appropriate year below.


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This exciting documentary followed intrepid explorer Gerry Moffatt on the trail of one of the most notorious mythical creatures of all time. Definitely not a programme that deserved the cold shoulder…
Whether you call it the Yeti or the Abominable Snowman (a phrase dreamt up by Western explorers in the Himalayas, by the way), this snowy cousin of the similarly legendary Bigfoot has long inspired tales that are every bit as tall as the creature itself. But is there any truth at all to the rumours and alleged sightings? Probably not, but such hard-headed rationalism would have made a rather boring documentary.
Instead, we had adventurer Gerry Moffatt, who was more than up for the challenge of finding out the "truth" about the Abominable Snowman, and he wasn't going to do it sitting down in some library. The explorer trekked across the Himalayas, talking to those who'd apparently set eyes on the Yeti and – in one of the most interesting segments – encountering a monastery which claimed to house an Abominable Snowman's actual scalp. That said, perhaps the most astounding of all was how Gerry and his crew kept their wits about them in such harsh and freezing conditions.
Part documentary, part wild and playful speculation, this film was a fine addition to the field known as cryptozoology (that is to say, the study of animals which probably don't exist). As with Nessie and Bigfoot, the Yeti is sure to continue haunting human consciousness for as long as we enjoy being slightly freaked out by mysterious monsters.
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Meet the women using social media for much more than selfies as they explore the potential of tools such as Instagram for enterprise
In 2010, the world was introduced to Instagram, a fun way of sharing photos with family and friends. But in recent years, the social media application has become a hub for talented and pioneering female entrepreneurs.
Selling everything from designer abayas to customised phone covers, beauty products and consultancy, a new generation of Instagram entrepreneurs, or 'instapreneurs' as they are often known, are disrupting traditional marketing.
Fatma Al Mulla, an Emirati visual artist and founder of the pop culture brand FMM, launched her label on social media.
"At a time when blogs were a thing of great popularity, I started one and I began posting about things I liked," she says. "I eventually designed an illustration of an Arab woman with Arabic writing on it, and that post went viral. It was shared by many and several people used it as their wallpapers. That was the beginning of my journey."
Since then, her Instagram following has grown to an impressive 119k followers, while her brand is stocked in S*uce and other UAE boutiques.
Showcasing bags, abayas and kaftans, funky phone covers and passport holders, Fatma's Instagram feed is a medley of vibrant colour and quirky fashion pieces.
"Fortunately for me I found it extremely helpful. I met a lot of people from Instagram which has also connected me to create private and public projects and their companies, so it does help a great deal to kick-start the business."
Unlike traditional forms of marketing, Instagram is free to use, making it accessible for start-ups.
"Instagram serves as a great marketing tool for most businesses and is definitely inexpensive," agrees Sally Soheili, who founded SoH Dubai - a salon that combines beauty offerings with art - less than a year ago. In that time, the salon has clocked up almost 20,000 followers with bookings regularly being requested in the comments section.
"Instagram's posts on SoHDubai's account have enabled us to visually communicate the core vision of the brand, which is to help clients realise that any medium can be our canvas to paint; be it clients' hair, nails or their shoes and bags," continues Sally.
"The visuals we post provide inspiration to clients. Their nails or shoes or bags can be painted with the same art we promote here by local artists, largely from the pop art culture. Most clients walk in with their phone in their hands, choosing our posts as a creative guide to what they would like to have done. In addition, the majority of them say they first heard of us via Instagram."
Most clients walk in with their phone in their hands, choosing our posts as a creative guide to what they would like to have done
Fashion consultant Amira Ashour, meanwhile, runs StreetStyleDubai - a feed with around 50k followers that posts images of the latest designs. She also captures the everyday fashions people wear at malls, beaches and hotels of Dubai.
"A picture speaks louder than a thousand words," she says. "This sounds a bit cliche but it is what Instagram has done; it has gathered a platform for people worldwide for business, fashion and health to accomplish what they always wanted to create."
By creating an accessible space for young talent to spread their products and ideas, the platform allows more women to enter the world of entrepreneurship; where they are quickly becoming household names.
As Sharene Lee, founder of the online marketplace Melltoo says, "Technology gives female entrepreneurs access to an unlimited amount of tools and resources, which has enabled women to build successful businesses that compliment their lifestyle and bring value to society".
Hind Al Mulla, the founder of Home Bakery, entices customers to buy her cakes through photography, and has transformed her small homegrown company into a popular brand, with a loyal, established customer base.
"I used Twitter to launch the business at first…then Instagram boosted our sales and popularity so much that I stopped using Twitter. People eat with their eyes first, so I was making them hungry by posting delicious pictures, and the calls came," Hind says.
Demand for her inventive bakes grew to such an extent that Home Baker opened its first store earlier this year. Hind attributes the success to social media.
"It's very convenient – better than paying for an ad in a magazine. I could see immediate results. It saved me a lot of money," she says.


text:
Use the device 'standards' in your application - Warning- After SP2 Upgrade
Dear All,
We have recently upgraded our DEV BI system from 4.1 SP1 to SP2. Since then we have been receiving following error. This is mainly happening when we are opening any analysis workspace.
When I click "ignore" it goes away. It is not critical but really annoying. Also, I am curious to know the cause and solution to get rid of this error.
Any help will be really appreicated.
Monia Boujlel replied
Hello Angad,
Which browser version are you using? Do you use Compatibility mode?
Also try to apply the resolution described in the following KBA (it's not the same workflow but resolution could help)


text:
As is said often about solving the affordable housing shortage, there is no silver bullet. It will take a myriad of different tools and design solutions to lower housing costs in the Moab area. Community Rebuilds, the Housing Authority of Southeast Utah, and many other organizations have built a substantial number of affordable units, but demand continues to exceed production. The need is too great for these entities to solve Moab's housing challenges alone. This section provides information on housing cost reduction through improved land use and design. It is intended for policymakers, developers, architects, builders, and, of course, interested citizens.
Missing Middle Housing Missing Middle Housing represents a range of multi-unit or clustered housing types compatible in scale with single-family homes that help meet the growing demand for walkable urban living (www.MissingMiddleHousing.com). Compact development patterns often lead to the desired outcomes expressed in the general plans adopted by the City of Moab and Grand County. Often, conversations about increasing land use densities quickly escalate from detached single-family homes to mid- and high-rise apartment complexes, painting the image of massive, towering apartment buildings looming next to small, single-family homes and quaint downtown streets. The Middle Housing concept illustrates that there is a wide range of housing typologies between such extremes. Urban designers and architects can integrate moderate and even higher density developments into existing neighborhoods by focusing on compatibility with a site's surroundings. Such care and consideration may diminish some local residents' concerns about high density housing leading to the loss of rural character.
Missing Middle Housing is not a new type of building or neighborhood design. Mixed density housing was a fundamental building method until the 1940s, and can be seen in historic districts across the country. A combination of Missing Middle Housing and detached dwellings makes for a moderately dense community that is more walkable, livable, and sustainable for all types of residents. Though there are many development types, ranging from duplexes to courtyard apartment complexes, Middle Houses often share several characteristics. These include: • Walkable contexts, • Small building footprints, • Lower perceived densities, • Smaller, well-designed units, • Fewer off street parking spaces, • Cohesive communities, and • Marketability Several case studies are presented to demonstrate some possibilities of housing development in the Moab Area, and to support legislative changes to local land use regulations.
Duplex Description: A small- to medium-sized structure that consists of two dwelling units, either stacked between two levels or side-by-side, both of which face and are entered from the street. Units: 2 Typical Unit Size: 600-2,400 SF Net Density: 8-20 du/acre
Stacked Duplex
Graphic and Photo: Opticos Design
Side-by-Side Duplex
Graphic and Photo: Opticos Design
Triplex & Fourplex Description: A medium-sized structure that houses three or four units, respectively, with a mix of units stacked typically between two levels. Each unit is separate from the others and has its own entrance Units: 3 or 4 Typical Unit Size: 600-2,400 SF Net Density: 15-25 du/acre
Graphic and Photo: Opticos Design
Courtyard Apartments Description: A medium- to large-sized complex of units accessed from a courtyard or shared space. Each unit may have its own entry or several units share a common entry. Units: Various, ranging from 8-40 Typical Unit Size: 600-1,200 SF Net Density: 25-35 du/acre
Bungalow Court Description: A "pocket neighborhood� of smaller single-family units positioned around a shared courtyard space. Bungalow Courts are an excellent balance between the privacy of a single-family home and the communal experience of a shared green space. Units: 5-10 Typical Unit Size: 500-1,000 SF Net Density: 20-35 du/acre 77
Accessory Dwelling Unit Description: Sometimes referred to as a mother-in-law suite or a secondary dwelling unit, accessory dwelling units (ADU) are single-family dwelling units that are built on the same lot or parcel as another single-family dwelling unit. Typical Unit Size: 500-1,000 SF
Graphic: City of Minneapolis
Attached ADU
Detached ADU
Interior ADU, typically accessible through separate door from main house
Co-Housing Communities Cohousing communities can take many forms. Often, they consist of a cluster of private single-family homes built around shared spaces, but they may also exist as non-uniformly patterned townhouses or even repurposed warehouse spaces. They typically have a common area with a large kitchen and dining area, recreational spaces, and a garden that is maintained by the residents and helps feed the community. Some communities choose to provide laundry facilities and guest rooms as well. The members of a cohousing community have full control over the balance between privacy and community engagement. They have independent lives but also share the responsibility for planning and managing communal property and events. Cohousing communities are formally run by an HOA or Board of Directors system and place sustainability, conversation, and community in high regard. This type of community is not very different from any other kind of HOA-managed neighborhood, but communities in which the stakeholders are also its residents tend to be better maintained because residents are more invested in the property. In general, cohousing encourages developers and residents to view finite amounts of space in a different light. By shifting some resources and household responsibilities outside the private home, individual unit sizes and associated costs can be decreased. Sharing limited resources like land, water, energy, building materials, and appliances can enable greater overall efficiencies. Cohousing is an example of how communities are evolving the traditional development pattern of single family homes with private yards. Greater emphasis is placed on shared open space rather than privately maintained yards. Like other development typologies noted here, cohousing can reduce community-wide infrastructure costs and assist in the preservation of rural character. Millennials and baby boomers are starting to seek out communal living models, making it easier to age in place, whether settling down to start a family or settling down after retirement. The Wasatch Commons in Salt Lake City, built in 1998, is the first cohousing community formed in the state of Utah. The community is comprised of 26 townhouses, a community garden, common house, playgrounds, and other recreational facilities.
Permanent Supportive Housing Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is a model that provides both housing and services for people with serious mental illnesses or other disabilities who need additional, consistent support to maintain their housing and live stably within their communities. Services can include case management, substance abuse, counseling, employment and education services, advocacy, and more. A principle aspect of the PSH model is that services are voluntary, not mandatory, for tenants living in housing projects. PSH relies on the "Housing First" concept, meaning that housing is given rapidly to those who need it with as few preexisting requirements as possible. The Housing First model works on two levels: • •
At the project level, PSH projects must have screening practices that promote acceptance of applicants regardless of their sobriety, level of completion of treatment, or history of mental health or homelessness. On a community level, Housing First means that the community's response to homelessness is oriented to helping people get permanent housing as soon as possible with as few obstacles as possible. It is supported by evidence that individuals make the best progress when living in stable housing environments.
Pathways Village Apartments is a new PSH facility in Grand Junction, Colorado. It is a 40-unit complex that serves the chronically homeless population in the Grand Junction area. It provides numerous services to its residents, creates new jobs, and generates an estimated $11 million in economic impact for the area. 81
Sustainable Design Sustainability has become a buzzword in the built environment across all scales and development types. Sustainable design has influenced residential, commercial, and industrial projects, as well as small area plans and comprehensive general plans. Buildings consume almost half the energy produced in the United States today, and contribute an equal share of carbon dioxide emissions. Any savings associated with building energy efficiency improve the bottom-line of development, and improve local environments. There are countless green building codes, theories, and action plans to try to reduce the major long term impacts buildings have on global warming, but the bottom line for sustainable building solutions comes down to a simple mission: people, planet, profit. In order for a project to be successful, it must be economically sound, environmentally conscious, and socially sensitive; a project will not be able to sustain itself if it does not satisfy each of these objectives. For example, a developer cannot create an eco-friendly, economically viable building that is not sensitive to the needs of its occupants, or create a project that is beautiful and heavily occupied that costs too much money to operate in the long-term. Public health has also driven sustainable design practices. In the 21st century, most humans spend their days and nights predominantly indoors. Design for human health places a greater emphasis on indoor air quality, daylighting, physical movement, and views of surrounding open space. These factors have been shown to increase productivity, improve focus, foster contentment, and reduce anxiety and depression. Many local builders and developers are championing sustainable design into their projects. Most new homes are constructed with a variety of materials that ensure high insulation ratings. Solar panels, energy efficient appliances, and grey water recycling systems are also increasing in prevalence, which creates a significant cumulative impact for households and the Moab community. Some builders are incorporating passive solar design techniques and natural building methods to create homes that are cheaper to heat and sensitive to the landscape. Energy retrofits can help reduce utility costs for owners and renters in existing homes, so there is also ample opportunity to increase awareness of state and federal programs targeting such investments.


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A-Line/Princess Strapless Knee-Length Chiffon Homecoming Dress With Ruffle Beading Appliques Lace #15644
Product Reviews
2014-09-28 02:43:09
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2014-09-27 23:40:03
Thank you, JJ's House.
The dress is amazing! So is your site!
I am so excited because the dress looks gorgeous on me.
My friends cannot believe that I bought it online!
Thank you again. HUG!
2014-09-14 02:42:35
The decorations on the dress is veery cute and the beadings are vry shining. I am so glad to receive this dress in such good condition. Thank you very much for your help and the website is really a good one.
2014-09-10 03:42:04
Excellent service from you!! Best place to buy dresses!! I'm very satisfied and it was cheap too! Order was delivered very fast and seller was very professional would recommend to other buyers.
2014-09-10 02:12:14
Very good website for buying a dress.
I have bought two dresses from you. Luckily, I received the second dress on time!
It's beautiful and fits me well. The dress is really worth money.
thank you so much!


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 29, 2008
|Filing date
|Sep 10, 2003
|Priority date
|May 14, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Esa Malkamaki
|Original Assignee
|Nokia Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (9), Classifications (7), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method and system for multiplexing or demultiplexing transmission channels of a communication network, e.g. a third generation cellular network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Within the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), several different air interfaces are defined for third generation mobile communication systems, based on either Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) or Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology. Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) is the main third generation air interface and will be deployed in Europe and Asia, including Japan and Korea, in the same frequency band, around 2 GHz.
WCDMA technology has shaped the WCDMA radio access network architecture due to the requirements of CDMA basic features, such as soft handover which is a category of handover procedures where the radio links are added and abandoned in such a manner that the terminal device, or user equipment (UE) in third generation terms, keeps at least one radio link to the radio access network.
The WCDMA air interface has been defined to provide, in the first phase, data rates up to 2 Mbps in the 3GPP (third generation partnership project) Release 99 and Release 4 specifications. In the Release 5 specification, peak data rates up to 10 Mbps are possible with a high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) feature to thereby support packet-based multimedia services. In HSDPA, the intelligence of the Node B, which is the third generation equivalent to the former base station, is increased for handling of retransmissions and scheduling functions, thus reducing the roundtrip delay between a mobile device and the network entity handling retransmissions, e.g. the radio network controller (RNC). This makes retransmission combining feasible in the mobile device due to reduced memory requirements. In general, all HSDPA users share the channel in both time and code domains. Adaptive modulation and coding are used to support multiple rate transmissions for different types of multimedia services.
A low client-server round-trip time (RTT) is of great importance for applications based on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), where the congestion control mechanisms of TCP limit the data rate as a function of the observed RTT. An RTT which is too large may, in this case, lead to inefficiency in the radio-resource utilization and degraded end-user performance.
In WCDMA systems, the transmission time interval (TTI) is defined as the inter-arrival time of transport block sets, i.e. the time it takes to transmit a transport block set. The transport block set is defined as a set of protocol data units (PDUs) exchanged between the physical layer (L1) and the Medium Access Control (MAC) which is a sublayer of the radio interface layer 2 (L2) providing unacknowledged data transfer service on logical channels and access to transport channels. Shortening the uplink TTI will contribute to an overall client-server RTT reduction. In addition to the obvious reduction in delay from the TTI itself, a reduced TTI allows for reduced processing delays as well. Incoming data to be transmitted need to wait until the start of the next TTI, a waiting time which is shortened with a reduced TTI. Furthermore, the smaller payload resulting from a reduced TTI (assuming unchanged data rate) allows for a reduced processing time in the decoding process. A shorter uplink TTI should allow for a significant uplink-delay reduction while still supporting reasonable payloads.
In the following, the abbreviation "E-DCH" is used to denote a new transport channel type, supporting a shorter TTI of 2 ms. Enhanced uplink DCH (E-DCH) is being studied in 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project). The targets are increased cell and user throughput and shorter delay. Possible enhancements studied are fast Node B based scheduling, fast (H)ARQ ((Hybrid) Automatic Repeat Request) between UE and Node B and shorter TTI length, i.e. less than 10 ms. One motivation in the E-DCH to which TTI length is strongly related is to minimize the air interface delay. The selection between the TTI lengths will also depend on which TTI length the multiplexing scheme is possible to design at reasonable increase in complexity, what kind of peak to average power ratio (PAR) it will result in, and what kind of performance it will result, etc. Also the TTI length should be selected in such way that several services can be served simultaneously on E-DCH and DCH, since having several simultaneous services is an essential feature of UTRAN (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
Shorter TTI is easily introduced by having it on a separate code channel, i.e., by code multiplexing it. This, however, increases the PAR in the UE transmitter, which requires more linear power amplifier and makes the power amplifier less efficient. Therefore, it is desirable to time multiplex the new E-DCH(s) having shorter than 10 ms TTI, e.g. 2 ms or 3.3 ms (i.e., 3 or 5 slots, respectively), with the normal DCHs having TTI length of 10 ms or larger, e.g. 10, 20, 40 and 80 ms are currently allowed in the WCDMA specifications. So the problem is, how to time multiplex E-DCH having shorter than 10 ms TTI with DCHs having 10 ms or larger TTI. Furthermore, the solution should be such that legacy Node Bs are still able to decode the normal DCHs in a soft handover (SHO) situation where one or more of the active set Node Bs are legacy Node Bs.
Time-multiplexing proposals have been made e.g. by TSG RAN WG1 Tdoc R1-03-0211 or TSG-RAN WG1 Tdoc R1-03-0274. In both proposals, the time multiplexing of 2 ms TTI with 10 ms TTI was concluded to be relatively complex. In TSG RAN WG1 Tdoc R1-03-0211 it has been proposed to separate 10 ms and 2 ms TTI into different radio frames (10 ms), i.e., in one 10 ms radio frame either 2 ms TTI is used (i.e., 5 TTIs) or multiples of 10 ms TTI. So the time multiplexing is at radio frame level. It was assumed that there is a fixed switching point between 2 ms TTI and 10 ms TTI, which made the time multiplexing complex. In TSG-RAN WG1 Tdoc R1-03-0274 it has been proposed to divide each slot in a semi-static way into two parts, one for DCHs with 10 ms or larger TTI and the other for E-DCH with 2 ms TTI. Semi-static here means that it is configured by higher layers at the beginning of the connection and may be reconfigured by higher layer signaling also later. However, it should be noted that reconfiguration is a quite 'heavy' and slow operation which is not done frame by frame. Moreover, this division often leads to a non-optimal share of channel bits to DCH and E-DCH.
The invention provides a time multiplexing scheme for multiplexing channels with different TTIs, by means of which fixed switching points can be avoided and the channels can exist simultaneously.
Provided is a method of multiplexing a first transmission channel having a first transmission time interval for data unit transmission and at least one second transmission channel having a second transmission time interval for data unit transmission. The method includes a step of reserving space for the first transmission channel at predetermined positions by supplying a stream of placeholder bits to a channel multiplexing function of the at least one second transmission channel. The method includes the steps of generating a data stream of the first transmission channel and replacing said placeholder bits by said generated data stream of said first transmission channel.
Furthermore, the invention provides a method of demultiplexing a first transmission channel having a first transmission time interval for data unit transmission and at least one second transmission channel having a second transmission time interval for data unit transmission. The method includes the step of deriving at least one of predetermined positions and numbers of data units of the first transmission channel from a receiving signal containing a data stream multiplexed according to a channel multiplexing scheme of the second transmission channel. The method includes the steps of copying from the multiplexed data stream data units located at the determined positions; and processing a data stream of the copied data units according to a processing scheme of the first transmission channel.
Additionally, the invention provides a device for multiplexing a first transmission channel having a first transmission time interval for data unit transmission and at least one second transmission channel having a second transmission time interval for data unit transmission. The device includes a supply means, a generating means and a replacing means. The supply means supplies a stream of placeholder bits to a channel multiplexing function of the at least one second transmission channel. The generating means generates a data stream of the first transmission channel. The replacing means replaces the placeholder bits by the generated data stream of the first transmission channel.
According to another embodiment, the invention provides a device for demultiplexing a first transmission channel having a first transmission time interval for data unit transmission and at least one second transmission channel having a second transmission time interval for data unit transmission. The device includes a deriving means, a copying means and a channel processing means. The deriving means derives at least one of predetermined positions and numbers of data units of the first transmission channel from a received signal containing a data stream multiplexed according to a channel multiplexing scheme of the second transmission channel. The copying means copies from the multiplexed data stream data units located at the determined positions. The channel processing means processes a data stream of the copied data units according to a processing scheme of the first transmission channel.
In connection with the invention, the terms "predetermined position" and "predetermined numbers" are to be understood in the sense that at the beginning of the connection the positions and numbers are agreed between the transmitting end, e.g. the UE, and the receiving end, e.g. the network side. After this, they are predetermined such that the transmitting end can select the transport format combination (TFC) from the agreed TFC set (TFCS). The TFCI is an index pointer to this TFCS and thus tells the positions. These positions are, however, not fixed, i.e. defined in the specification documents relating to the respective standard.
Accordingly, time multiplexing of enhanced transmission channels, e.g. E-DCH, with normal transmission channels, e.g. DCH, can be implemented in an easy manner to shorten the TTI length and optimize PAR, which is important from the power amplifier efficiency point of view. Especially, at low and medium bit rates, approximately up to 384-500 kbit/s, only one multicode channel is needed which minimizes the PAR.
Furthermore, keeping the data rate of the enhanced first transmission channel constant during the second TTI, e.g. 10 ms, and varying it only between the respective radio frames simplifies UE MAC implementation due to the fact that TFC selection and TFC elimination only needs to be operated at normal second TTIs and thus the existing algorithms can be used. Also, the interface between MAC and L1 is possible to operate only once per second TTI, if necessary.
The data stream of the first transmission channel may itself be multiplexed according to a channel multiplexing scheme of the transmission channel.
The first TTI can be smaller than the second TTI. In particular, the length of the second TTI may be an integer multiple of the length of the first TTI. More specifically, the second TTI may have a length of 10 ms and the first TTI may have a length of 2 ms.
Furthermore, the predetermined positions of the placeholder bits or E-DCH indication bits, which are to be replaced by the data units of the first transmission channel may be fixed at least during the length of one second TTI. However, they may vary between different ones of the second TTI. The predetermined positions and numbers can be derived from a transport format information, such as the transport format combination indicator (TFCI) parameter of the second transmission channel, of the multiplexed data stream. Using the normal TFCI to tell the position of the channels, e.g. DCH(s) and E-DCH, allows the invention to use even legacy Node Bs in the active set during soft handover (SHO) to receive the DCH(s) correctly. The legacy Node Bs would naturally not be able to receive E-DCH correctly. This also implies that the E-DCH data rate is constant during the second TTI, e.g. 10 ms (normal TFCI period). In connection with the invention, the term "legacy" is used to indicate those formats, applications, data or devices, which have been inherited from languages, platforms, and techniques earlier than the current technology. Typically, the challenge is to keep the legacy features or applications running or legacy devices supported while converting it to newer, more efficient features or devices that make use of new technology and skills.
The replacing of the placeholder bits may be performed after a final interleaving process, e.g. the second interleaving of a WCDMA DCH channel. The replacing step may be performed by the physical channel mapping function.
The generating step may include at least one of a channel coding step, a channel multiplexing step, a channel segmentation step and an interleaving step.
The enhanced first transmission channel may be a multicode channel, and the number of the placeholder bits may vary on different code channels of the multicode channel.
The data units located at the predetermined positions may be copied but not removed before a first de-interleaving process. Then, the data units located at the predetermined positions can be removed after demultiplexing of the multiplexed data stream. Thereby, it can be assured that the de-interleaving function is not disturbed and works properly.
The multiplexing scheme may be configured to treat the placeholder bits of the first transmission channel as one of the at least one second transmission channels. Then, no change to the multiplexing operation of the normal or conventional second transmission channels is required, since the enhanced first or bunch of first transmission channel(s), e.g. E-DCH(s), is seen by the multiplexing function as one of the conventional second transmission channels, even if the first transmission channels themselves were multiplexed or treated differently within the bunch. This provides the advantage that legacy or old Node Bs can receive at least the conventional second transmission channels, e.g. DCHs, correctly.
The first transmission channel may be an enhanced dedicated WCDMA channel and the second transmission channel may be a dedicated WCDMA channel. More specifically, an enhanced transport format indication information may be provided in the enhanced dedicated WCDMA channel, wherein the enhanced transport format indication information indicates specific information about the structure of the first transmission channel.
In the following, the invention will be described in greater detail based on preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Examples of the embodiments of the invention will now be described on the basis of a third generation WCDMA radio access network architecture as shown in
According to the examples of the invention, so called 'placeholder bits' (PH bits) or E-DCH indication bits are supplied or added into the normal transport channel (TRCH) multiplexing in order to reserve space for the E-DCH bits, which are added e.g. after the second interleaving. The E-DCH bits then replace the placeholder bits. In the receiver, e.g. Node B, the E-DCH samples are then extracted or copied, e.g. before the 10 ms de-interleaving, and processed separately. The word samples is used here to emphasize that the received bits are typically represented as soft values before channel decoding. It should be noted that the E-DCH samples are not removed before de-interleaving. Otherwise, the de-interleaving would not work properly. The E-DCH samples might however be replaced with some dummy samples. The added E-DCH samples may be removed after TrCH demultiplexing. The normal TFCI field may then tell the position of DCH samples and E-DCH samples within the 10 ms radio frame as well as within each slot S. Since a normal TFCI field is used, the number of PH bits (or E-DCH bits) in each 2 ms TTI within one radio frame (10 ms) are typically the same. If the number of PH bits is not a multiple of 15, there can be slightly different number of PH bits in different slots due to the interleaving. For the same reason, the number of PH bits in different 2 ms TTIs may be different. In the preferred embodiment the number of PH bits is selected to be a multiple of 15, so that there are equal number of PH bits in each slot. Due to rate matching parameters this may not always be possible. Even if the number of PH bits is not exactly the same in each slot, the number of bits is known and TFCI or E-TFCI, to be explained later, tells that.
In principle, the PH bits can be anywhere within the frame if the multiplexing and interleaving functions were different. For instance, the PH bits can be in every third slot, e.g., in the first, fourth, seventh, tenth, and thirteenth slot of each radio frame. As the 2 ms TTI of the E-DCH channel corresponds to three time slots S, E-DCH bits are then provided in one time slot of each 2 ms TTI. Of course, other slot allocations can be implemented for the E-DCH bits.
An important idea is to handle the E-DCH PH bits as a normal TrCH in the TrCH multiplexing function. Thus, there is no need to adapt the existing transport channel multiplexing so as to insert the E-DCH placeholder bits to indicate E-DCH bit positions on the Coded Composite Transport Channel (CCTrCH). This has also the advantage that the DCH bits are on the same positions where they were if E-DCH had 10 ms TTI and were multiplexed in the normal way. If the UE is in SHO such that some of the Node Bs in the active set is a legacy Node B, then even this legacy Node B can decode the normal DCHs. The PH bits can be replaced by the real E-DCH bits e.g. after the second interleaving.
It is also possible to use the normal TFCI information to decode the E-DCH(s), too. Since the normal TFCI is interleaved over 10 ms, the decoding of the E-DCH(s) in this case can only be started after the TFCI has been decoded. This typically causes some extra delay. In order to get the full delay benefit of the shorter TTI (e.g., 2 ms), a new TFCI, called, e.g., E-TFCI is required, since the normal TFCI is available only after 10 ms (TTI of the conventional DCH). To allow decoding within a shorter time period, the E-TFCI should be provided in known positions for each 2 ms TTI. If the TFC were always fixed over 10 ms radio frame, less E-TFCI signaling would be required, e.g., only one E-TFCI would be needed for each 10 ms radio frame, which may be sent during the first 2 ms TTI. The normal TFCI of the DCH channel can tell the number and position of PH bits, which is fixed over the 10 ms frame, but which could vary between different 10 ms frames. The legacy Node Bs use the conventional TFCI to decode the conventional DCHs. The new E-TFCI can contain the same information as the normal or conventional TFCI and in addition possible information about the fine structure of the E-DCH channels(s) which is not needed by the legacy Node Bs, since they are not able to decode the E-DCH. As an option, E-TFCI can be time-multiplexed with E-DCH, e.g., as a new TrCH terminated in a Node B as shown by the dashed line in
According to an embodiment of the invention, the E-DCH channel processing scheme includes a separate coding and multiplexing chain having blocks 112, 114, 116 and 118 in
The physical channel mapping unit 110 is enhanced by a replacing functionality for replacing the E-DCH PH bits with the real E-DCH bits or with E-DCH related control bits time multiplexed with E-DCH. The positions of the PH bits is known based on an information derived from the normal TFCI which tells the number and position of the PH bits. E-TFCI may contain the same information as normal TFCI and in addition possible fine structure of E-DCH(s).
It is noted that the shorter TTI can have any value smaller than 10 ms. Possible values are e.g. 2 ms corresponding to 3 slots S, and 3.33 ms corresponding to 5 slots S. In this example, these possible values should be submultiples of 10 ms corresponding to 15 slots. In other words, the 10 ms TTI should be an integer multiple of the shorter TTI.
According to an embodiment of the invention, an E-TFCI decoding unit 281 receives or extracts and decodes the E-TFCI bits, e.g. from the DPDCH receiving unit 210 or the copying unit 261 which might have extracted the E-TFCI bits based on the TFCI supplied from the TFCI decoding unit 271, and provides the E-TFCI information to other E-DCH processing units. Based on this E-TFCI, the location and the number of the E-DCH samples is supplied to the copying unit 261 which then copies or extracts the E-DCH samples from the respective transmission channel or transmission channel portion based on the derived information. In particular, the E-DCH samples are copied or extracted before the 10 ms de-interleaving of the second de-interleaving stage 220. As already mentioned, the E-DCH samples should not be removed before de-interleaving, to ensure proper de-interleaving, or they may be replaced with some dummy samples. The E-DCH samples or the dummy samples replacing them can be removed after TrCH demultiplexing, e.g. by the transport channel demultiplexing function 240. The copied E-DCH samples are then supplied to an E-DCH de-interleaving unit 262, which performs the reverse operation of the E-DCH interleaving unit 118 of
It is noted that the TFCI and E-TFCI can be the same. The conventional TFCI tells at least the full transport formats (TFs) of all DCHs, i.e. TrCHs with TTI of 10 ms or larger, and at least the 'transport format' of the 'bunch' of E-DCHs and E-DCH related time multiplexed control data. The E-TFCI tells the transport formats of E-DCHs and related control data and at least the 'transport format' of the 'bunch' of DCHs. To illustrate this, it is assumed that three DCHs (DCH1, DCH2 and DCH3) and two E-DCHs (E.DCH1 and E-DCH2) plus one E-DCH control stream are provided. Then, the TFCI tells the TF of DCH1, the TF of DCH2, the TF of DCH3 and a combined TF of E-DCH1 and E-DCH2 and E-DCH control. In particular, the combined TF tells at least the total number of bits, but not necessarily channel coding details etc. The E-TFCI tells a combined TF of DCH1 and DCH2 and DCH3, i.e. at least the total number of bits, the full TF of E-DCH1, the full TF of E-DCH2 and the full TF of the E-DCH control stream. But, as mentioned earlier both TFCI and E-TFCI can contain full TF for all transport channels.
It is noted that the invention is not restricted to the above preferred embodiments but can be used in any transmission channel multiplexing function so as to multiplex data or control channels of different frame lengths or transmission time intervals. The PH bits may be provided at any suitable fixed or variable location within the channel structure. The preferred embodiments may thus vary within the scope of the attached claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 13, 2001
|Feb 7, 2006
|Zenith Electronics Corporation
|Digital communication system for transmitting and receiving robustly encoded data
|Sep 1, 2003
|Dec 22, 2005
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Packet insertion mechanism for an improved atsc dtv system
|Jun 7, 2006
|Nov 2, 2006
|Rohde & Schwarz, Inc.
|Apparatus, systems and methods for providing time diversity for mobile broadcast services
|May 3, 1996
|Nov 5, 1997
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for replacing stuffing bits with supplementary data in an MPEG video data stream
|"On the Use of a Short TTI for Enhanced Uplink DCH," Ericsson, Document for Discussion, TSG-RAN WG1 #31, R1-030211, Agenda Item 13, Feb. 18-21, 2003.
|Ericsson: "On the Use of a Short TTI for Enhanced Uplink DCH", TSG-RAN WG1 '31, TDOC R1-030211, vol. 31, Feb. 18, 2003, XP002288648.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 9, 2005
|Nov 4, 2008
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for data transmission in a mobile telecommunication system supporting enhanced uplink service
|Sep 27, 2004
|Jan 6, 2009
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Systems and methods for communicating control data using multiple slot formats
|Sep 27, 2004
|Nov 3, 2009
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Systems and methods for multiplexing control data for multiple data channels onto a single control channel
|Dec 10, 2008
|Sep 20, 2011
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Systems and methods for communicating control data using multiple slot formats
|Oct 24, 2008
|Dec 23, 2014
|Nokia Corporation
|Method for fast transmission type selection in WCDMA UMTS
|Sep 27, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Malladi Durga P.
|Systems and methods for multiplexing control data for multiple data channels onto a single control channel
|Jun 9, 2005
|Jan 5, 2006
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for data transmission in a mobile telecommunication system supporting enhanced uplink service
|Oct 8, 2007
|Jul 24, 2008
|Durga Prasad Malladi
|Systems and methods for multiplexing control information onto a physical data channel
|Oct 24, 2008
|Jan 27, 2011
|Nokia Corporation
|Method for fast transmission type selection in wcdma umts
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 10, 2003
Owner name: NOKIA CORPORATION, FINLAND
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text:
Michael J. Palladino
Senior Partner / Instructor
Michael Palladino is an accredited Canadian Registered Safety Professional and possesses over 30 years of material handling experience, including 20 years as a training provider with Canada Post Corporation, Liftow Limited and Provincial Training.
Michael has developed and provided lift truck safety programs in Ontario and across Canada for large and small corporations operating under provincial and federal legislation. He is currently providing, Train-the-Trainer and other programs such as the Role of Supervision for the Automotive, Courier, Food Service, Transportation, and Service sectors, as well as a number of public institutions such as The Ministry of Labour, City of Mississauga and Toronto Police Services. He has facilitated in both union and non-union environments. In addition, he has presented Guidelines and Standards to hundreds of managers and supervisors in Southern Ontario. Michael is well known in the Materials Handling Industry as a specialist in the field and is regarded as an excellent training provider.
Michael is a contributing member of the CSA B335 Technical Committee on Safety Standard for Lift Trucks.
John Mair
John Mair possesses over 20 years of material handling experience, including 6 years as a Customer Service Rep and Trainer with G N Johnson Equipment and Liftow Limited, 2 years Instructional Services and Sales Manager with J H Ryder Machinery.
And 2 years as Training Manger at Yale Industrial Trucks were he was involved in the development and marketing of lift truck training programs and materials.
In addition, to John's lift Truck experience he has presented Ariel Work Platform training in both the Industrial and Construction sector.


text:
More I'm Through! What Can I Do?, Grade 1
Item #: 901-JV41961
Model #: CTP4440
Brand: Creative Teaching Press
Not yet rated.Be the first to Write a Review
$21.89 Each
Product Highlights
- Audience: Students
- Education Subject Matter: General Learning
- Media Format: Printed Book
More i'm through! what can i do? book for grade 1 offers high-interest puzzles, riddles, brain teasers, and mazes to sharpen math, language arts, and critical-thinking skills. Creative Teaching Press "MORE I'M THROUGH! WHAT CAN I DO?" Book by Jennifer Taylor is ideal for grade 1 and features high interest puzzles/riddles. Book in paperback format helps children to develop critical thinking skills on various fields.
- Offers high-interest puzzles, riddles, brain teasers and mazes to sharpen math, language arts and critical-thinking skills
- Ready-to-use activities will help keep your classroom running
|Audience : Students
|Education Subject Matter : General Learning
|Media Format : Printed Book
|School Grade : Elementary
|Brand : Creative Teaching Press
|Weight : 0.54 lbs. per Each
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text:
Uhushuhu ~ Ogni Videniy ~ Lunar AbyssCD-R (ltd. 77)
1. Uhushuhu - Atchafalaya
2. Ogni Videniy - Bog People
3. Lunar Abyss - Utro Vechera
4. Lunar Abyss & Ogni Videniy & Uhushuhu - Mooshrooty
total time: 62:28
release date: March 15, 2017
price: €7
MC (ltd. 55)
A1. Uhushuhu - Atchafalaya
A2. Ogni Videniy - Bog People
A3. Lunar Abyss - Utro Vechera
B1. Lunar Abyss & Ogni Videniy & Uhushuhu - Mooshrooty
total time: 31:13 + 31:15
release date: March 15, 2017
price: €7
"Uhushuhu ~ Ogni Videniy ~ Lunar Abyss" @ bandcamp
Uhushuhu: website | soundcloud | bandcamp | vk | facebook
Ogni Videniy: soundcloud | bandcamp | vk | facebook
Lunar Abyss: soundcloud | vk | facebook
Uhushuhu, Ogni Videniy and Lunar Abyss - these three projects from St. Petersburg are long active in the boundless creative field of noise ambient and drone psychedelia. This split release contains one studio track from each project and one long collaborative piece recorded live at the sleep concert "Dryoma-9" in September 2015.
The boat of dreams carries us through complex soundscapes inhabited by a plethora of images. Natural organic sounds interwine with abstract synthesis drawing phantasmagoric paintings in our imagination. Electric noises and waves of unrestrained acoustic energy, the mysterious whisper of spirits and hoarse rumbling of a shaman, shards of memories and eventful illusions... This is definitely the music of bright colourful dreams!
Physical release is available in two versions: 77 copies on pro-CDRs in sleeves made of designer cardboard and 55 copies on cassettes. Digital version is available on bandcamp.
© 2002-2017


text:
The road to the top of the butte will be closed to vehicles and the nature trail will be closed to pedestrians the morning of Sept. 25 for the Pilot Butte Challenge; both should reopen by 1 p.m. Come and explore an old cinder cone located just east of Bend. Hike up and around on one of three trails. The trails wind through stands of juniper and sage. All of the trails lead to the summit. Once at the top, get ready for a grand panoramic view of the high desert. To the west at sunset, the glow of snowcapped Cascade mountains put on a spectacular show. Three Sisters, Mt. Jefferson, Black Butte and Mt. Hood are some of the highlights. Bring something to quench your thirst after the climb; there's no drinking water at the park.
great for what it is...good for exercise in town, great view of Bend, Oregon.
Nice 360 views of the area at the top. A good quickie option if you can't get further out of town.
You are walking up pavement to a great view of Bend and the surrounding area. Be careful of cars and bikes on the road as there is not much room on the pavement. This review is not for the trail head which is different.
Not a nature hike, but a fun adventure for kids if you go to explore rather that to walk up/down for exercise! Great view though! I prefer driving up! Stay as long as I want and leaving!
Great exercise
Great little workout hike.


text:
UCL Department / Division
Institute for Global Health
Duration of Studentship
Three years
£16,553 per annum
Vacancy Information
The Institute for Global Health is seeking applications
from candidates for a three-year funded PhD Studentship in Epidemiology/Medical
Statistics commencing in Autumn 2017 (although there is some flexibility), to
be based at the Royal Free Hospital site within the HIV Epidemiology and
Biostatistics Group.
Please submit your CV, a supporting statement, and the
names and contact details of two academic referees to Lydia Clinton
(email@example.com). If you have any
queries regarding the vacancy, please contact Dr Colette Smith
email@example.com or Dr Fiona Lampe email@example.com
Studentship Description
The studentship will involve an epidemiological analysis of
data from the Royal Free HIV Research Database. This contains information on
all HIV-positive individuals who have ever attended the Ian Charleson Day
Centre outpatient clinic at the Royal Free Hospital. It is one of the largest
clinics in the UK, with approximately 3000 individuals attending annually. The
Royal Free HIV Department serves a wide demographic mix of individuals. In
particular the three major demographic subgroups that are affected by HIV in
the UK are well represented: men who have acquired HIV through sex with other
men, and men and women of black African ethnicity who have become HIV positive
via heterosexual sex.
The Royal Free HIV Research Database contains comprehensive
information on many aspects of HIV care and treatment for all HIV outpatients
seen at the Royal Free, including demographic information, details of
antiretroviral treatment, laboratory tests and major morbidity and mortality.
Previous and ongoing projects address questions concerning HIV prognosis and
management; in particular the use and effects of current treatment, development
of toxicities, and trends over time in morbidity, mortality and treatment
response. The database has recently been expanded to additionally collect
information on socioeconomic status, as well as information on in-patient
hospitalisations, outpatient attendance, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DEXA) scan results, interactions with other health care professionals prior to
HIV diagnosis, non-HIV medications and pregnancy.
Another linked study, the ASTRA questionnaire study
(www.astra-study.org) contains detailed socio-economic and lifestyle data for a
subset of individuals, and this could also be used to address research
The exact research questions to be addressed in the PhD
will be adapted depending on the student's own research interests. Potential
questions could be related to one or more of the following:
Association of demographic and socio-economic factors with treatment
responses including treatment discontinuations and interruptions
(ii) Predictors
of (HIV-related and non-HIV related) clinic attendance patterns and
(iii) Association between infrequent HIV clinic attendance
and treatment outcomes
(iv) Burden of non-HIV medication and association
with HIV outcomes
(v) Designing,
setting up and carrying out a case-control study of factors associated with
treatment failure, with a focus on social and lifestyle factors
(vi) Developing a
structural equation model (SEM) to determine the relative importance of
demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle and HIV-related factors on treatment
non-adherence and outcomes
(vii) Estimating
costings for use of healthcare resources amongst people living with HIV
There may also be opportunity to be involved in the
analysis of larger multi-centre cohort studies to which the Royal Free HIV
Research Database contributes data, or to develop and conduct their own small
primary research project in the clinic. The student will have the opportunity
to develop and write up a number of papers for publication based on the
analyses undertaken.
Person Specification
Applicants should hold a first or upper second class
honours degree in a relevant subject (e.g. mathematics, statistics,
epidemiology, science) and an MSc in a relevant subject (e.g. medical
statistics, epidemiology). Excellent skills in quantitative research
methodology, statistical methods, analysis of large and complex datasets, data
management, and the use of statistical software are all essential. Although
there is flexibility with regard to which statistical package is used for
analyses, a large part of data management will use SAS, and so knowledge of or
willingness to learn this package is essential. Applicants should also have
excellent oral and written communication skills.
Please note that due to funding restrictions the
post is open to UK/EU citizens only
Contact name
Dr Colette Smith
Contact details
UCL Taking Action for Equality
Closing Date
28 Jul 2017
Latest time for the submission of applications
Interview date
1st August 2017
Studentship Start Date
Autumn 2017
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text:
Who is BUA?
BUA is a specialty insurance program manager. We only focus on our in-house programs allowing us to deliver real value to our customers. We are able to tailor our policies to match your needs in a timely manner.
Our current programs include Event Cancellation Insurance, Event Liability, Weather Insurance, Coastal and High-Value Secondary Homeowners Insurance, Ad Agency Liability Insurance, Magazine Liability Insurance, and Property Insurance.
BUA is constantly updating our existing programs and adding new programs to our portfolio. Please contact us for more information at:
22 Deer Street, Suite 400
Portsmouth, NH 03801
Tel: 603-772-5005
Fax: 603-372-5990


text:
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Stars: Vishal, Bharathi Rajaa, Lakshmi Menon
Movie Plot: Sivakumar (Vishal) is an ordinary guy working in a mobile service center in small town Madurai, who falls for a school teacher (Lakshmi Menon). His father (Bharathiraja), a retired government employee shows much care on Sivakumar's elder brother. Meanwhile there is big mafia gang led by a tough guy Simmakkal Ravi(Sharath Lohitashwa), who rules Madurai with an iron fist. Sivakumar's brother, an honest government officer gets into his bad books and is bumped off. Now, the helpless father and the meek son draw up separate plans to eliminate the bad guy.
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0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
quote:Originally posted by tony6789Is there anyway other members on here can be on the show?NEVER! underestimate youth
quote:Originally posted by Karen W.Alright Hadrian You go first...LOL BTW, I have afriend who has been working with me at the prescool for sometime, his name is Brian He has been My assistant teacher in the afternoons, he's a great guy and has just given his notice.. He has recently started a carreer as A life coach, and I gave him your web link and email as he said he would be interested in talking with you! He just got back Sept. From His Brothers wedding in Ireland.. I told him you were a great guy and he should check out your site as well as your great mind!! He also writes poetry and has a great deal of things in common with you... I think you might make great friends, and he is just starting out and may benifit from some advice if you will.. His last name is , I think piergrossi.. Here is his site <http://brianpiergrossi.com/about us.html> I think you can just punnch in his name and it should come up! He's a great guy! I hope you don't mind, you guys have such similar spirits, I could not help myself... I hope you become fast friends..Karen


text:
Contact InformationBarr & Morgan
84 West Park Place
Stamford, CT 06901
Phone: (203) 356-1595
Fax: (203) 504-8926
Socialize with Barr & Morgan
Directions To Court HousesFederal Courts
Bridgeport: Brien McMahon Federal Building
Hartford: Abraham Ribicoff Federal Building
New Haven: Richard C. Lee US Court House
Connecticut State Courts
Stamford/Norwalk Judicial District
Fairfield Judicial District
Hartford Judicial District
Contact Barr & Morgan
The law firm you choose makes a difference. If you have questions regarding your case, contact our firm. We speak Spanish, and are available for evening and weekend appointments and hospital visits.
If you are looking for a lawyer who can provide you with personal attention and care, combined with extensive experience and resources, call us at (203)-356-1595 or complete the brief email contact form provided below for a free initial consultation.
NOTE: The use of the Internet or this form for communication with the firm or any individual member of the firm does not establish an attorney-client relationship. Confidential or time-sensitive information should not be sent through this form.


text:
Tasmanians urged to report quarantine nasties
Australia's Quarantine and Inspection Service has called on Tasmanians to be alert to biosecurity and quarantine risks.
A container inspection of Dutch antiques discovered live spiders, abandoned insect nests and a large amount of soil.
And a local furniture and whitegoods retailer found a number of dead cats while unpacking furniture from South East Asia.
AQIS communications officer, Sabatino Cesile, says people can help to keep Tasmania free from exotic pests and diseases.
"Look a bit more carefully at the things that are coming in from overseas and to report to quarantine or to AQIS anything that they see that might be untoward or something that might be different," Mr Cesile said.
"A little bug, an insect of some sort or bark on timber or contaminants with consignments coming through," he said.
Topics: quarantine, hobart-7000, launceston-7250
First posted


text:
The People
8 Pin375 Ακόλουθοι
Greece: proving that Scotland isn't the only place where the men are manly…
Beautiful Greek Women
The Garlic Maker, Athens, Greece
Meteora, Greece - Near the village of Meteora in central Greece, massive monolithic stones jut into the sky creating one of the most gorgeous panoramas in Europe. The best part? The hulking cliffs are dotted with historic monasteries, many of which can be visited and are still in use today. After visiting the monasteries, travelers can make the hike back to the bottom while savoring the heavenly views. (Photo by Vlaidmir Bazan)


text:
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