text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Oct 29, 2002
|Filing date
|Sep 17, 1998
|Priority date
|Sep 17, 1997
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bruce Kane
|Original Assignee
|Unisearch Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (43), Classifications (17), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention concerns a quantum computer, that is a device for performing quantum computations. Recent progress in the theory of quantum computation, particularly the discovery of fast quantum algorithms, makes the development of such a device an important priority.
Finding an approach to quantum computation that fulfils the requirements has proved to be a formidable challenge. Nuclear spins have been incorporated into quantum computer proposals, because their lifetime can be at least six orders of magnitude greater than the time required to perform a logical operation on the spins.
The invention is a quantum computer, including:
A semiconductor substrate into which donor atoms are introduced to produce an array of donor nuclear spin electron systems having large electron wave functions at the nucleus of the donor atoms. Where the donor electrons (electrons weakly bound to the donor atom) only occupy the nondegenerate lowest spin energy level.
An insulating layer above the substrate.
Conducting A-gates on the insulating layer above respective donor atoms to control the strength of the hyperfine interactions between the donor electrons and the donor atoms' nuclear spins, and hence the resonance frequency of the nuclear spins of the donor atoms.
Conducting J-gates on the insulating layer between A-gates to turn on and off electron mediated coupling between the nuclear spins of adjacent donor atoms.
Where, the nuclear spins of the donor atoms are the quantum states or "qubits" in which binary information is stored and manipulated by selective application of voltage to the A- and J-gates and selective application of alternating magnetic field to the substrate.
A cooling means may be required to maintain the substrate cooled to a temperature sufficiently low, and a source of constant magnetic field having sufficient strength to break the two-fold spin degeneracy of the bound state of the electron at the donor may also be required. The combination of cooling and magnetic field may be required to ensure the electrons only occupy the nondegenerate lowest spin energy level.
The device may also incorporate a source of alternating magnetic field of sufficient force to flip the nuclear spin of donor atoms resonant with the field, and means may be provided to selectively apply the alternating magnetic field to the substrate.
In addition the device may include means to selectively apply voltage to the A-gates and J-gates.
The invention takes advantage of the fact that an electron is sensitive to externally applied electric fields. As a result the hyperfine interaction between an electron spin and the spin of the atomic nucleus, and the interaction between an electron and the nuclear spins of two atomic nuclei (that is electron mediated or indirect nuclear spin coupling) can be controlled electronically by voltages applied to gates on a semiconductor device in the presence of an alternating magnetic field. The invention uses these effects to externally manipulate the nuclear spin dynamics of donor atoms in a semiconductor for quantum computation.
In such a device the lifetime of the quantum states (or qubits) operated on during the computation must exceed the duration of the computation, otherwise the coherent state within the computer upon which quantum algorithms rely will be destroyed. The conditions required for electron-coupled nuclear spin computation and single nuclear spin detection can arise if the nuclear spin is located on a positively charged donor in a semiconductor host. The electron wave function is then concentrated at the donor nucleus (for s-orbitals and energy bands composed primarily of them), yielding a large hyperfine interaction energy. For shallow level donors, however, the electron wave function extends tens or hundreds of Å away from the donor nucleus, allowing electron-mediated nuclear spin coupling to occur over comparable distances.
An important requirement for a quantum computer is to isolate the qubits from any degrees of freedom that may interact with and "decohere" the qubits. If the qubits are spins on a donor in a semiconductor, then nuclear spins in the host are a large reservoir with which the donor spins can interact. Consequently, the host should contain only nuclei with spin I=0. This requirement eliminates all III-V semiconductors as host candidates, since none of their constituent elements possess stable I=0 isotopes. Group IV semiconductors are composed primarily of I=0 isotopes and may be purified to contain only I=0 isotopes. Because of the advanced state of Si materials technology and the tremendous effort currently underway in Si nanofabrication, Si is an attractive choice for the semiconductor host.
The only I=� shallow (Group V) donor in Si is 31P. The Si:31P system was exhaustively studied forty years ago by Feher in the first electron-nuclear double resonance experiments. At sufficiently low 31p concentrations at temperature T=1.5 K, Feher observed that the electron relaxation time was thousands of seconds and the 31P nuclear relaxation time exceeded 10 hours. At millikelvin temperatures the phonon limited 31P relaxation time may be of order 1018 seconds, making this system ideal for quantum computation.
The A- and J-gates may be formed from metallic strips patterned on the surface of the insulating layer. A step in the insulating layer over which the gates cross may serve to localise the gates electric fields in the vicinity of the donor atoms.
In operation the temperature of the quantum computer may be below 100 millikelvin (mK) and will typically be in the region of 50 mK. The process of quantum computation is non-dissipative, and consequently low temperatures can be maintained during computation with comparative ease. Dissipation will arise external to the computer from gate biasing and from eddy currents caused by the alternating magnetic field, and during polarisation and detection of nuclear spins at the beginning and end of the computation. These effects will determine the minimum operable temperature of the computer.
The constant magnetic field may be required to be of the order of 2 Tesla. Such powerful magnetic fields may be generated from superconductors.
The extreme temperatures and magnetic fields required impose some restrictions on the availability and portability of the quantum computing device outside of a laboratory. However, the high level of access to a computer situated remotely in a laboratory, for instance through use of the internet, may overcome any inconvenience arising from its remoteness. It is also feasible that the device could be utilised as a network server for personal computers, in which case the server may have a local cooling system and the personal computers may operate at room temperature.
The initial state of the computer must be accurately set and the result of the computation accurately measured. Electron devices may be provided to set the initial state and read output from the quantum computer. These devices polarize and measure nuclear spins. For example, the electron device may modulate the movement of a single electron, or a current of electrons, according to the state of a single nuclear spin. These devices will typically be provided at the edge of the array.
An electron device for polarizing and measuring nuclear spins may, comprise:
A semiconductor substrate into which at least one donor atom is introduced to produce a donor nuclear spin electron system having large electron wave functions at the nucleus of the donor atom.
An insulating layer above the substrate.
A conducting A-gate on the insulating layer above the donor atom to control the energy of the bound electron state at the donor.
A conducting E-gate on the insulating layer on either side of the A-gate to pull electrons into the vicinity of the donor.
Where in use, the gates are biased so that, if the transition is allowed, one or more electrons can interact with the donor state.
In a further aspect, the invention is a method of initializing the quantum computer, comprising the following steps:
biasing the gates so that, if the nuclear spin of a donor is in a first state no transition is allowed, but if the nuclear spin is in a second state transition is allowed, and one or more electrons can interact with the donor state to change the nuclear spin to the first state; and
continuing the process until all the donors are in the first state.
In a further aspect, the invention is a method of measuring nuclear spins in the quantum computer, comprising the following steps:
biasing the gates so that, if the nuclear spin of a donor is in a first state no transition is allowed, but if the nuclear spin is in a second state transition is allowed, and one or more electrons can interact with the donor state to change the nuclear spin to the first state; and
detecting the movement of the one or more electrons to determine the state of the respective donors.
An example of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates two cells in a 1-Dimensional array containing 31P donors and electrons in a Si host, separated by a barrier from metal gates on the surface. A-gates control the resonance frequency of the nuclear spin qubits, while J-gates control the electron-mediated coupling between adjacent nuclear spins. The ledge over which the gates cross localises the gate electric field in the vicinity of the donors.
FIG. 2 illustrates how an electric field applied to an A-gate pulls the electron wave function away from the donor atom and toward the barrier, reducing the hyperfine interaction and the resonance frequency of the nucleus. The donor nuclear spin electron system acts as a voltage controlled oscillator.
FIG. 3 illustrates how an electric field applied to a J-gate varies the electrostatic potential barrier V between the donors to enhance or reduce the exchange coupling, proportional to the electron wave function overlap. The exchange frequency (=4J/h) when V=0 is plotted for Si.
FIG. 4 illustrates the effect on electron and nuclear spin energies when J coupling is turned on. In FIG. 4(a) the exchange interaction lowers the electron singlet energy with respect to the triplets. The computer is always operated when J<μBB/2 so that the electron state is spin polarised. In FIG. 4(b) nuclear level splitting can be seen due to electron mediated interactions between the nuclei; the |10−01>−|10+01> splitting diverges (in second order perturbation theory) when J=μBB/2.
FIG. 5 (a), (b) and (c) illustrates a controlled NOT operation, realised by adiabatic variations in J, ΔA, and BAC.
FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration at the edge of the array for polarising and detecting nuclear spins. FIG. 6(a) is a pictorial view of the arrangement When positively biased, E-gates pull electrons from ohmic contacts (not shown) into the vicinity of the edge qubit donor. FIG. 6(b) is a section showing the 31P donor weakly coupled to 2 DEG's; if the transition is allowed, an electron can tunnel through the donor state. FIG. 6(c) illustrates the "spin diode" configuration, in which electron spin states at the Fermi level on opposite sides of the donor have opposite polarity. Resonant tunnelling from one side to the other will flip the nuclear spin on the donor, so that the nuclear spin is polarised by an electrical current. FIG. 6(d) illustrates the "single electron spin valve" configuration, in which electrons cannot tunnel onto the donor unless it can transfer its spin to the nucleus, resulting in a spin blockade if the electron and nuclear spins initially point in the same direction. An electron traversing across the donor must flip the nuclear spin twice, however, so the initial nuclear spin polarisation is preserved.
Referring first to FIG. 1 (not to scale), a 1-Dimensional array 1 having two cells 2 and 3 comprises a Si substrate 4 into which two donor atoms 5 and 6 of 31P are introduced 200 Å beneath the surface 7. There is one atom of 31P in each cell and the atoms are separated by less than 200 Å. Conducting A-gates 8 are laid down on a SiO2 insulating layer 9 above the Si substrate 4, each A-gate being directly above a respective 31P atom. Conducting J-gates 10 are laid down on the insulating layer 9 between each cell 2 and 3. A step 11 over which the gates cross localises the gates electric fields in the vicinity of the donor atoms 5 and 6.
The nuclear spins of the donor atoms 5 and 6 are the quantum states or "qubits" in which binary information is stored and manipulated. The A-gates 8 control the resonance frequency of the nuclear spin qubits, while J-gates 10 control the electron-mediated coupling between adjacent nuclear spins.
In operation, the device is cooled to a temperature of T=50 mK. Also, a constant magnetic field of B=2T is applied to break the two-fold spin degeneracy. The combined effect is that the electrons only occupy the nondegenerate lowest spin energy level. The electrons must remain in a zero entropy ground state throughout a computation.
Magnitude of Spin Interactions in Si:31P
The size of the interactions between spins determines both the time required to do elementary operations on the qubits and the separation necessary between donors in the array. The Hamiltonian for a nuclear spin-electron system in Si, applicable for an I=� donor nucleus and with B�z is:
where σ are the Pauli spin matrices (with eigenvalues �1), μn is the nuclear magneton, gn is the nuclear g-factor (=1.13 for 31P), and A={fraction (8/3)}πμBgnμn|Ψ(0)|2 is the contact hyperfine interaction energy, with |Ψ(0)|2 the probability density of the electron wave function evaluated at the nucleus. If the electron is in its ground state, the frequency separation of the nuclear levels is, to second order:
In Si:31P, 2A/h=58 Mhz, and the second term in Equation (2) exceeds the first term for B<3.5 T.
An electric field applied at the A-gate to the electron-donor system shifts the electron wave function envelope away from the nucleus and reduces the hyperfine interaction. The size of this shallow donor Stark shift in Si, is shown in FIG. 2 for a donor 200 Å beneath a gate. A donor nuclear spin-electron system close to an A-gate functions as a voltage controlled oscillator: the precession frequency of the nuclear spin can be controlled externally, and spins can be selectively brought into resonance with an externally applied alternating magnetic field, BAC=10−3 T, allowing arbitrary rotations to be performed on the nuclear spin.
Quantum mechanical computation requires, in addition to single spin rotations, the two qubit "controlled rotation" operation, which rotates the spin of a target qubit through a prescribed angle if and only if the control qubit is oriented in a specified direction, and leaves the orientation of the control qubit unchanged. Performing such two spin operations requires coupling between two donor-electron spin systems, which will arise from the electron spin exchange interaction when the donors are sufficiently close to each other. The Hamiltonian of two coupled donor nuclei-electron systems is:
H=H(B)+A 1σ1n. σ1e +A 2σ2n. σ2e +Jσ 1e. σ2e (3)
where H(B) are the magnetic field interaction terms for the spins. A1 and A2 are the hyperfine interaction energies of the nucleus-electron systems. 4J, the exchange energy, depends on the overlap of the electron wave functions. For well separated donors:
where r is the distance between donors ∈ is the dielectric constant of the semiconductor, and αB is the semiconductor Bohr radius. This function, with values appropriate for Si, is plotted in FIG. 3. Equation 4, originally derived for H atoms, is complicated in Si by its valley degenerate anisotropic band structure. Exchange coupling terms from each valley interfere, leading to oscillatory behaviour of J(r). In this example the complications introduced by Si band structure are neglected. In determining J(r) in FIG. 3, the transverse mass for Si(≅0.2 me) has been used, and αB=30 Å. As shall be seen below, significant coupling between nuclei will occur when 4J≈μBB, and this condition determines the necessary separation between donors of 100-200 Å. Because J is proportional to the electron wave function overlap, it can be varied by an electrostatic potential imposed by a J-gate positioned between the donors.
For two electron systems the exchange interaction lowers the electron singlet (|↑↓−↓↑>) energy with respect to the triplets. In a magnetic field, however, the electron ground state will be polarised if μBB>2J; see FIG. 4a. In the polarised ground state, the energies of the nuclear states can be calculated to second order in A using perturbation theory. The nuclear singlet (|10−01>) is lowered in energy with respect to (|10+01>) by:
The other two triplet states are higher and lower than these states by hvA, given in Equation 2; see FIG. 4b. For the Si:31P system at B=2 Tesla and for 4J/h=30 Ghz, Equation 5 yields vi=75 kHz. This frequency approximates the upper limit of the rate at which binary operations can be performed on the computer. The speed of single spin operations is determined by the size of BAC and is comparable to 75 kHz when BAC=10−3 Tesla.
Equation 5 was derived for A1=A2. When A1≠A2 the nuclear spin singlets and triplets are no longer eigenstates, and the eigenstates of the central levels will approach |10> and |01> when |A1−A2|>>hvj, as is characteristic of two level systems; see FIG. 5a.
Control of the J-gates, combined with control of A-gates and application of BAC, are sufficient to effect the controlled rotation operation between two adjacent spins.
The controlled NOT operation (conditional rotation of the target spin by 180�) can be performed using an adiabatic procedure, in which the gate biases are swept slowly; refer to FIGS. 5b & c. At t=t0, the two spin systems are uncoupled (J=0) and A1=A2 so that |10> and |01> are degenerate. At t1 a differential voltage is applied to the A-gates (designated ΔA) that breaks this degeneracy. This symmetry breaking step distinguishes the control qubit from the target qubit. At t2 exchange coupling between the spin systems is turned on, and at t3 the ΔA bias is removed. This sequence of steps adiabatically evolves |01> into |10−01> and |10> into |10+01>. At t4 BAC is applied resonant with the |10+01>−|11> energy gap. Although to lowest order in perturbation theory, BAC will also be resonant with the |00>−|10−01> gap, the matrix element of this second transition is zero since the singlet state is not coupled to the other states by BAC.
BAC is left on until t5, when it has transformed |11> into |10+01> and vice versa. The |10−01> and |10+01> are then adiabatically transformed back into |10> and |01> in a reverse of the sequence of steps performed at the beginning of the operation. The qubit whose resonance energy was increased by the action of ΔΛ at the outset is unchanged, while the state whose energy was decreased is inverted if and only if the other qubit is |1>. The controlled NOT operation has been performed. Arbitrary controlled rotations can be accomplished by appropriately setting the duration and frequency of BAC.
It is likely that computational steps can be performed more efficiently than the adiabatic approach discussed above allows. In particular, the EXCHANGE operation (in which adjacent qubits are simply swapped with one another, the only way the qubits can be moved around in a quantum computer) can be effected by turning on a J-gate when ΔA=0 for a period=vf −1/2. Also, BAC can be continuously on and the qubits brought into resonance with it during the controlled NOT operation by varying A1+A2=ΣA of the coupled spins. This approach enables unary and binary operations to be performed on qubits throughout the computer simultaneously, with the nature of the operation on each qubit determined entirely by the individual A-gate and J-gate biases.
Spin Decoherence Introduced by Gates
In the quantum computer architecture outlined above, biasing of A-gates and J-gates enables custom control of the qubits and their mutual interactions. The presence of the gates, however, will lead to decoherence of the spins if the gate biases fluctuate away from their desired values. The largest source of decoherence is likely to rise from voltage fluctuations on the A-gates. The precession frequencies of two spins in phase at t=0 depends on the potentials on their respective A-gates, Differential fluctuations of the potentials produce differences in the precession frequency. At some later time t=tφ the spins will be 180� out of phase. tφ can be estimated by determining the transition rate between |10+01> (spins in phase) and |10−01> (spins 180� out of phase) of a two spin system. The Hamiltonian that couples these states is:
where Δ is the fluctuating differential precession frequency of the spins. Standard treatment of fluctuating Hamiltonians predicts: tφ −1=π2SΔ(vst), where SΔ is the spectral density of the frequency fluctuations, and vst is the frequency difference between the |10−01> and |10+01>states. At a particular bias voltage, the A-gates have a frequency tuning parameter α=dΔ/dV. Thus:
t φ −1=π2α2(V)S V(νst), (7)
where Sv is the spectral density of the gate bias potential fluctuations.
Sv for good room temperature electronics is of order 10−18V2/Hz, comparable to the room temperature Johnson noise of a 50Ω resistor, α, estimated from FIG. 2, is 10-100 MHz/Volt, yielding tφ=10-1000 sec. α is determined by the size of the donor array cells and cannot readily be reduced (to increase tφ) without reducing the exchange interaction between cells. Because α is a function of the gate bias (see FIG. 2) tφ can be increased by minimising the voltage applied to the A-gates.
While Equation 7 is valid for white noise, at low frequencies it is likely that materials dependent fluctuations (1/f noise) will be the dominant cause of spin dephasing. Consequently, it is difficult to give hard estimates of tφ for the computer. A particular source of low frequency fluctuations, alluded to above, arises from nuclear spins in the semiconductor host. This source of spin dephasing can be eliminated by using only I=0 isotopes in the semiconductor and barrier layers. Charge fluctuations within the computer (arising from fluctuating occupancies of traps and surface states, for example) are likely to be particularly important, and minimising them will place great demands on computer fabrication.
While material dependent fluctuations are difficult to estimate, the low temperature operation of the computer and the dissipationless nature of quantum computing mean that in principle fluctuations can be kept extremely small: using low temperature electronics to bias the gates could produce tφ≈106 sec. Electronically controlled nuclear spin quantum computers thus have the theoretical capability to perform at least 105 to perhaps 1010 logical operations during tφ, a critical requirement for performing complex calculations on large numbers of qubits.
Spin lnitialisation and Measurement
The action of A-gates and J-gates, together with BAC perform all of the reversible operations for quantum computation. The qubits must also be properly initialised and measured.
To accomplish these tasks in the proposed computer, qubits at the edge of the array are weakly coupled to two dimensional electron gases (2 DEG's) that are confined to the barrier-Si interface by a positive potential on E-gates (a field effect transistor in enhancement mode); see FIG. 6a. The nuclear spin qubit is probed by an electron tunnelling through a bound state at the donor; see FIG. 6b. When B≠0 the electron energy levels are discrete and electron spin levels are split by 2 μBB. When the Landau level filling factor v<1, the electron spins are completely polarised at low temperature. When v>1, however, electrons must occupy the higher 10 energy spin level and states at the Fermi level (EF) are polarised in the opposite direction than for v<1 (For simplicity, neglecting the valley degeneracy of the electrons in Si. Also, many body "skyrmion" effects that can reduce the electron spin polarisation are small in Si and are also neglected).
A junction between a v<1 region and a v>1 region is a "spin diode", so called because of the analogy between electron spin splitting in these devices and the band gap in a semiconductor p-n junction diode; see FIG. 6c. Spin diodes are created by biasing the two E-gates at different voltages that produce different densities in each 2 DEG. The large energy difference between electron and nuclear spin flip energies usually impedes spin transfer, but the electric field in the spin diode junction enables |↑> and |↓> states of the electron with the same energy to overlap, enabling resonant electron-nuclear spin exchange. The nucleus in the junction can thus be polarised rapidly by a current through the junction. |0> qubit states created in this way at the edges of the donor array can be transferred throughout the array by the EXCHANGE operation. |0>'s can be converted into |1>'s with selective unary NOT operations to complete the initialisation procedure.
Fluctuations from cell to cell in the gate biases necessary to perform logical operations are an inevitable consequence of variations in the positions of the donors and in the sizes of the gates. The parameters of each cell, however, can be determined individually using the measurement capabilities of the computer, because the measurement technique discussed here does not require precise knowledge of the J and A couplings. The A-gate voltage at which the underlying nuclear spin is resonant with an applied Bac can be determined using the technique of adiabatic fast passage: when Bac=0, the nuclear spin is measured and the A-gate is biased at a voltage known to be off resonance. Bac is then switched on, and the A-gate bias is swept through a prescribed voltage interval. Bac is then switched off and the nuclear spin is measured again. The spin will have flipped if, and only if, resonance occurred within the prescribed A-gate voltage range. Testing for spin flips in increasingly small voltage ranges leads to the determination of the resonance voltage. Once adjacent A-gates have been calibrated, the J-gates can be calibrated in a similar manner by sweeping J-gate biases across resonances of two coupled cells.
Instead of using the EXCHANGE operation, the calibration procedure 10 can be performed in parallel on many cells, and the calibration voltages can be stored on capacitors located on the Si chip adjacent to the quantum computer to initialize it. Calibration is not a fundamental impediment to scaling the computer to large sizes, and external controlling circuitry would thus need to control only the timing of gate biases, and not their magnitudes.
Readout of the nuclear spin state can be performed simply by reversing the loading process. Since electrons can only traverse a spin diode junction by exchanging spin with a nucleus (say, by converting |1> into |0>) a "spin blockade" will result if the nuclear spin is |0>. If the nuclear state is |1>, a single electron can cross the junction, simultaneously flipping the nucleus from |1> to |0>.
Because a |1> state is converted to a single electron crossing the junction, this detection technique requires extremely sensitive single electron sensing circuitry. It would be preferable to have a conductance modulation technique to sense the nuclear spin. If large numbers of electrons can interact with the nuclear spin without depolarising it, many separate effective measurements could be made of the spin.
One possibility is the "single electron spin valve" configuration shown in FIG. 6d. The E-gates are biased so that only |↓> electrons are present on both sides of the output cell. The A-gate of the output cell is biased so that EF lies at the energy of the two electron bound states at the donor (the D− state). In Si:31 P at B=2 Tesla this state is a singlet, and the second electron binding energy is 1.7 meV, about seven times greater than the spin level splitting. In a single electron spin valve an electron can tunnel on or off of the D− state by a mutual electron-nuclear spin flip only if the nuclear and electron spins are oppositely polarised. A current flow across the donor requires two successive spin flips as the electron tunnels in and out of the D−state, consequently, a current across the donor preserves the nuclear spin polarisation. Current flow across the single electron spin valve is turned on or off depending on the orientation of the nuclear spin on the donor.
The rate of electron transmission across a single electron spin valve can potentially be comparable to the hyperfine interaction frequency: 60 MHz in Si:31 P, or I=10 pA. In actual devices a background current of electrons tunnelling through channels that do not flip the nuclear spin will inevitably be present. Dipolar spin interactions (generally much weaker that the contact hyperfine interaction) can flip a single nuclear spin without an accompanying electron spin flip, and will limit the number of electrons that can probe the nuclear spin before it is depolarised. Optimised devices will maximise the ratio of the number of electrons that can probe the nucleus to the background. Prototype single electron spin valve devices can be tested using single electron capacitance probes of donor states with nonzero nuclear spin.
Constructing the Computer
The materials used to build such a computer must be almost completely free of spin (I=/0 isotopes) and charge impurities in order to prevent dephasing fluctuations from arising within the computer. Donors must be introduced into the material in an ordered array hundreds of Å beneath the surface. Finally, the gates with lateral dimensions and separations <100 Å must be patterned on the surface, registered to the donors beneath them. Each of these are the focus of intense current research in the rapidly moving field of semiconductor growth and nanofabrication. This research bears directly on the problems of making a nuclear spin quantum computer in silicon.
An excellent indicator of suitable semiconductor materials for use in a quantum computer is the ability to observe the integral and fractional quantum Hall effects in them. In particular, the spin detection techniques outlined above require that electrons can be fully spin polarised, a condition which leads to quantisation of the Hall effect at integers corresponding to the spin gap. This condition is well satisfied in high mobility GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures, where nuclear spin sensing electronics have been demonstrated. Absence of I=0 isotopes, however, in these materials means that making a quantum computer from them is highly unlikely. Recent advances in Si/SixGe1−x heterostructures have led to materials composed entirely of group IV elements with quality comparable to GaAs heterostructures. The fractional quantum Hall effect is observed in these materials and spin splitting is well resolved. Nanostructures have also been fabricated on high quality Si/SixGe1−x heterostructures.
While the quality of Si/SiO2 interfaces and the electron systems confined there is less than that of epitaxial interfaces, spin splittings are well resolved at low temperatures. The much larger barrier height in SiO2 over Si/SixGe1−x(3.3V vs. ˜0.2 V) is a critical advantage in nanostructures with sizes of 100 Å or less. Leakage of electrons across the barrier material, resulting in the removal of an electron from a donor state, is a source of decoherence in the quantum computer not mentioned previously. Electrons consequently must not tunnel across the barrier during the computation. Also, the ability of J-gates to vary the exchange interaction over a large dynamic range will improve in devices with large barrier heights. Technologies being developed for electronics applications may result in structures with both the high interface quality of Si/SixGe1−x and the larger tunnel barrier of SiO2. Because of charge fluctuations and disorder, it is likely that bulk and interface states in SiO2 will need to be reduced or eliminated if a quantum computer is to be fabricated using SiO2.
The most obvious obstacle to building the quantum computer presented above is the incorporation of the donor array into the Si layer beneath the barrier layer. Currently semiconductor heterostructures are deposited layer by layer. The δ-doping technique produces donors lying on a plane in the material, with the donors randomly distributed within the plane. The quantum computer envisioned requires that the donors be placed into an ordered 1D or 2D array; furthermore, precisely one donor must be placed into each array cell, making it extremely difficult to create the array by using lithography and ion implantation or by focused deposition. Methods currently under development to place single atoms on surfaces using ultra high vacuum scanning tunnelling microscopy are likely candidates to be used to position the donor array. This approach has been used to place Ga atoms on a Si surface. A challenge will be to grow high quality Si layers on the surface subsequent to placement of the donors.
Because the donors in the array must be <200 Å apart in order for exchange coupling between the electron spins to be significant, the gate dimensions must be <100 Å. In addition, the gates must be accurately registered to the donors beneath them. Scanned probe lithography techniques have the potential to sense the location of the donors beneath the surface prior to exposing the gate patterns on the surface. For example, a scanning near field optical microscope could be used to detect the photoluminescence characteristic of the P donors in a wavelength range that does not expose photoresist. After P detection and proper positioning of the probe, the resist is exposed with a different light wavelength. "Custom patterning" of the gates may prove to be necessary to compensate for irregularities or defects in the placement of the donor array.
Probably the most attractive aspect of an Si based quantum computer is that many of the technical challenges facing its development are similar to those facing the next generation of conventional electronics; consequently, tremendous efforts are already underway to overcome these obstacles. This commonality raises the hope that the difficult task of making large 2D arrays of qubit cells will one day be accomplished using conventional Si electronics technology. A particular problem with scaling of the computer presented here is that inevitable differences at the atomic level between qubit cells means that the appropriate biases to apply to gates during quantum computation will differ from cell to cell. Scaling the computer to large numbers of qubits will consequently require an equally large number of connections to external electronics to enable custom gate biasing. It is still possible that nontrivial quantum calculations (say on the 103-104 qubits necessary for quantum computers to exceed the capability of conventional computers in solving the prime factorisation problem) could be performed by doing logical operations on only a few qubits at a time and addressing each gate separately using conventional FET multiplexing circuitry located adjacent to the quantum computer. This approach greatly simplifies the design and operation of the computer at the expense of foregoing its capability to perform many quantum logical operations in parallel.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 1994
|Jun 25, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Three dot computing elements
|Jul 26, 1995
|Mar 4, 1997
|Fujitsu Limited
|Quantum box semiconductor device
|Dec 16, 1996
|Sep 23, 1997
|Sony Corporation
|Quantum dot-tunnel device and information processing apparatus and method using same
|Dec 13, 1996
|Aug 11, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Parallel architecture for quantum computers using ion trap arrays
|Mar 26, 1997
|Aug 17, 1999
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|General purpose quantum computing
|Jun 24, 1998
|Jun 27, 2000
|California Institute Of Technology
|Method for suppressing noise in measurements
|Feb 16, 1999
|Apr 17, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing method with improved solvents
|Chuang, I., et al., "Experimental realization of a quantum computer", Nature, vol. 393, pp. 143-146, May 14, 1998.
|Di Vincenzo, D., "Quantum computation", Science, vol. 270, pp. 255-261, Oct. 13, 1995.
|Feher G., "Electron spin resonance experiments on donors in silicon . . .", Physical Review, vol. 114, No. 5, pp. 1219-1244, Jun. 1, 1959.
|Kane, B., "A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer", Nature, vol. 393, pp. 133-137, May 14, 1998.
|Kostychenko, V., "Spin-wave fluctuations in a quantum computer based on spin-polarized electrons", Russian Microelectronics, vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 327-328, 329.
|Lloyd, S., "A potentially realizable quantum computer", Science, vol. 261, pp. 1569-1571, Sep. 17, 1993.
|Waugh, J. et al., "Mechanism of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation at very low temperatures", Physical Review, vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 4337-4339, Mar. 15, 1988.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 12, 2001
|Sep 2, 2003
|Tohoku University
|Nuclear spin control device
|Aug 14, 2001
|Jul 6, 2004
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Method and apparatus for configuring quantum mechanical state, and communication method and apparatus using the same
|Dec 15, 1999
|Jan 17, 2006
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Quantum computation with quantum dots and terahertz cavity quantum electrodynamics
|Aug 24, 2001
|Jun 13, 2006
|Qucor Pty Ltd
|Single molecule array on silicon substrate for quantum computer
|Aug 20, 2002
|Aug 29, 2006
|Qucor Pty Ltd.
|Substituted donor atoms in silicon crystal for quantum computer
|Feb 25, 2004
|Nov 14, 2006
|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
|Spin readout and initialization in semiconductor quantum dots
|Jul 11, 2002
|May 1, 2007
|Daniel Kilbank
|System and method for compressing and encoding data
|Sep 11, 2003
|May 8, 2007
|Franco Vitaliano
|Quantum information processing elements and quantum information processing platforms using such elements
|Sep 11, 2003
|May 15, 2007
|Franco Vitaliano
|Quantum information processing elements and quantum information processing platforms using such elements
|Sep 11, 2003
|May 15, 2007
|Franco Vitaliano
|Quantum information processing elements and quantum information processing platforms using such elements
|Feb 27, 2004
|Apr 29, 2008
|The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto
|Dressed qubits
|Apr 21, 2004
|Aug 5, 2008
|Qbit Corporation
|System and method for using a microlet-based modem
|Aug 8, 2003
|Nov 11, 2008
|Thomas J Routt
|Methods for transmitting data across quantum interfaces and quantum gates using same
|Jun 14, 2005
|Jun 15, 2010
|National Research Council Of Canada
|Voltage controlled computing element for quantum computer
|Oct 31, 2007
|Sep 7, 2010
|Sandia Corporation
|Isolating and moving single atoms using silicon nanocrystals
|Jun 15, 2006
|Jan 25, 2011
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Scalable quantum computer
|Mar 29, 2007
|Jul 26, 2011
|Raytheon Company
|Quantum computing device and method including qubit arrays of entangled states using negative refractive index lenses
|Nov 1, 2010
|Dec 17, 2013
|Robert R. Tucci
|Method for evaluating quantum operator averages
|Jan 3, 2014
|Jun 27, 2017
|Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited
|Quantum computing with acceptor-based qubits
|Aug 14, 2001
|Apr 25, 2002
|Hiroo Azuma
|Method and apparatus for configuring quantum mechanical state, and communication method and apparatus using the same
|Jul 11, 2002
|Feb 6, 2003
|Daniel Kilbank
|System and method for compressing data
|Aug 24, 2001
|Feb 5, 2004
|Clark Robert Graham
|Single molecule array on silicon substrate for quantum computer
|Aug 8, 2003
|Apr 22, 2004
|Routt Thomas J.
|Methods for transmitting data across quantum interfaces and quantum gates using same
|Apr 22, 2003
|May 6, 2004
|Daniel Kilbank
|System and method for using microlets in communications
|Apr 21, 2004
|Oct 21, 2004
|Daniel Kilbank
|System and method for using a microlet-based modem
|Feb 27, 2004
|Dec 2, 2004
|D-Wave Systems, Inc.
|Dressed qubits
|Aug 20, 2002
|Dec 9, 2004
|Clark Robert Granham
|Substituted donor atoms in silicon crystal for quantum computer
|Sep 11, 2003
|Mar 17, 2005
|Franco Vitaliano
|Quantum information processing elements and quantum information processing platforms using such elements
|Sep 11, 2003
|Mar 17, 2005
|Franco Vitaliano
|Quantum information processing elements and quantum information processing platforms using such elements
|Sep 11, 2003
|Mar 17, 2005
|Franco Vitaliano
|Quantum information processing elements and quantum information processing platforms using such elements
|Oct 14, 2003
|Apr 14, 2005
|Erez Yahalomi
|Size regulating systems
|Feb 25, 2004
|Aug 25, 2005
|Friesen Mark G.
|Spin readout and initialization in semiconductor quantum dots
|Jun 6, 2005
|Dec 8, 2005
|Hilton Jeremy P
|Hybrid classical-quantum computer architecture for molecular modeling
|Jul 8, 2004
|Jan 12, 2006
|Manish Sharma
|Device and method for encoding data, and a device and method for decoding data
|May 11, 2007
|Oct 11, 2007
|Hilton Jeremy P
|Hybrid classical-quantum computer architecture for molecular modeling
|Jun 14, 2005
|Oct 2, 2008
|National Research Council Of Canada
|Voltage Controlled Computing Element for Quantum Computer
|Mar 29, 2007
|Oct 2, 2008
|Raytheon Company
|Quantum computing device and method including qubit arrays of entangled states using negative refractive index lenses
|Jun 6, 2005
|Jul 16, 2009
|Hilton Jeremy P
|Hybrid classical-quantum computer architecture for molecular modeling
|Mar 6, 2009
|Sep 9, 2010
|Franco Vitaliano
|Dynamic bio-nanoparticle elements
|Jan 3, 2014
|Sep 22, 2016
|Newsouth Innovations Pry Limited
|Quantum computing with acceptor-based qubits
|Nov 3, 2015
|May 4, 2016
|NewSouth Innovations Pty Limited
|A quantum processor
|Nov 3, 2015
|May 4, 2016
|NewSouth Innovations Pty Limited
|A quantum processor
|Aug 12, 2013
|Feb 20, 2014
|Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited
|Quantum logic
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 24, 2000
Owner name: UNISEARCH LIMITED, AUSTRALIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KANE, BRUCE;REEL/FRAME:010992/0629
Effective date: 20000619
|Sep 22, 2005
Owner name: QUOCOR PTY. LTD., AUSTRALIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:UNISEARCH LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:016561/0746
Effective date: 20050913
|Apr 7, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 28, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 6, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 25, 2014
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 11
|Jun 25, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Hi Bloggerettes! It's Pink Saturday hosted by Beverly at How Sweet the Sound, so let's get started!
Sissie's and Mr. Sissie's Shabby Cottage has been power-washed, all outdoor furniture has been cleaned and the garage floor has been painted. It's so clean and fresh smelling around here, that I'm smilin all over the place. There is something about "clean and fresh," that makes me happy.
Like lovely vintage linens in a pretty basket sitting out in the grass.
Like my Mom's childhood rocking chair sittin on the porch filled with a wooden box of flowers...
Or the smell of all things lavender and the beauty of freshly picked
hydrangeas from my garden...
What makes you feel happy?

subset: commoncrawl


text: AEA has been made aware of fraudulent phone calls that show coming from AEA Federal Credit Union. Reminder: Please do not divulge any personal information to persons unknown over the telephone. AEA will never call or email asking for your social security number, birth date or other personal information. Thank you.


text:
Back with a vengeance 07/15/2009
Yes! Our monogram is now looking 'healthy' :) I've probably mentioned on my previous post that I only made our monogram thru MS Powerpoint. The problem is that when I post it on the web, the image is blurry.
So I had a dilemma, knowing that I'd probably have problems when I submit this to the invites printer. I suddenly remembered that we have a 'gifted' w@w sister. I emailed Fozzy if she could lend her 'magic touch' to my monogram attempt. And after 24 hrs, our monogram looks better than ever!
*Again, hugs and kisses to you, Fozzy!
Your comment will be posted after it is approved.
Leave a Reply


text:
Audi's all-new Q5 crossover was in full view during the 2017 Detroit Auto Show. This marked another opportunity for the media and consumers alike to get a better look at one the German brand's newest models, and one of its best-selling nameplates.
But while Audi was also teasing its next crossover, the full size Q8, the automaker did bring yet another special crossover to NAIAS — the second-generation 2018 Audi SQ5.
As the high-performance variant of the completely redesigned Q5, the new QS5 looks the part with aggressive styling. The latest generation Q5 already boasts a sleek silhouette, with a flat, coupe-like roof line and strong shoulders. The new QS5 adds to that design with its unique grille, side mirrors, and S model rear roof spoiler. Sculpted, three-dimensional LED headlights flow in harmony with the clamshell hood up front. Outback, LED taillights with dynamic turn signals add to the sporty look.
Aside from its new sheetmetal, perhaps the biggest change to the SQ5 from its predecessor comes under the hood. For 2018, the SQ5 will ditch its supercharger in favor of a turbo for its 3.0-liter V6. A similar switch has already been adopted for the latest S4 and S5.
Despite the mechanical update, horsepower remains unchanged at 354 hp. Torque was been bumped up to 369 pound-feet. Notably, Audi has also shaved 77 pounds from the SQ5's curb weight, which will undoubtedly make this generation more sprightly.
Power is routed through an eight-speed tiptronic automatic transmission and is sent to all-four wheels through Audi's venerable Quattro all-wheel drive system. As part of the S sport package, an available Quattro sport rear differential can send power left and right to aid cornering. Other options include an air suspension, which can lower the ride height and can be adjusted for driving conditions. It even provides an "offroad" mode which maximizes the SQ5's ground clearance when needed.
Like the exterior, the interior of the SQ5 is of course a bit sportier than the standard Q5. It features a flat-bottomed steering wheel, more-bolstered seats, and even a Bang & Olufsen sound system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto — all standard.
Audi's cutting-edge Virtual Cockpit LCD instrument panel is available. Also available is a slew of driving aids such as a variable-ratio steering rack and adaptive cruise control that can handle stop-and-go traffic from 0 to 40 mph.
With more power, a more efficient powertrain, less weight, and fresh styling, the all-new SQ5 will undoubtedly set a new standard in the luxury performance crossover segment when it arrives this spring. Pricing has yet to be released.


text:
Search 321,000 hotels worldwide.
Get the price guarantee available for your trip.
No Expedia cancellation fee to change or cancel almost any hotel reservation.
All was good except for the parking. Host had her family using the limited parking and we got blocked in a couple of times. Also the rooms are up steep stairs would not be good for an older person.
Pretty easy parking, very nice staff, super location! Food was good, too!
Lovely wee B&B. Manager was welcoming, friendly and went out of the way to make sure that we had everything we needed for our stay. Helpfully recommended good places to eat in town and directions (5 mins walk) and provided an excellent cooked breakfast in the morning. Could not recommend enough and ...
Large room. Quiet area. Very friendly, helpful staff.
This hotel is not so young, However very thing was clean and working. The staff were especially friendly and added to our experience. We had dinner at night and the two fillet steaks we had were really good, cooked to perfection. It is only minutes from the bannockburn memorial me we enjoyed that ...
Pleasant stay. When we requested extra items for room was given without hesitation. We were unable to get a constant temperature or pressure for the shower which made getting clean very difficult. Single bed was a little narrow for an adult. Otherwise no problems.
No more, no less. Small but efficient room. Tight for a couple but probably ok as a single. Shower only but not a problem for us. Breakfast above average for Holiday Inn Express in USA. Rooms are smaller and more utilitarian than USA Holiday Inn.
The Golden Lion was perfectly acceptable for us. We wanted a Base in the city centre to meet up with friends. It is basic with the staff being helpfully enough if you approach them with any queries. Breakfast could have been fresher but mainly due to the buffet style and we didn't like having to ...
Pretty good overall. Well organised and comfortable. Happy to stay here again. No lift though, which seems odd had to carry heavy cases up and down stairs.
Hotel was excellent. Staff friendly and helpful. In house restaurant was closed on our arrival day. Front desk asked if we would like to book a table for bar bistro attached to spa. Looked nice but service and food fell way below standard. Free access to swimming pool sauna steam room and hot tub. ...
Search for hotels in Stirling on Expedia. You can easily find your hotels in Stirling using one of the methods below:


text:
Gifted and talented students in poverty
These comfortable and superior yoga mats come in many alternative colors. These double-walled glass coffee mugs (1) will maintain their drinks insulated with a glossy, elegant design that may put all their other espresso mugs out of fee (add a bag of their favorite espresso to make it even better!). Additionally, take advantage of dad or mum volunteers. Undoubtedly I'm going to order items from your site in near future. Reward Cards issued ideas for gift certificates or after July 1, 2013 could also be redeemed toward the purchase of eligible merchandise as much as ten years from the date of issuance, notwithstanding any acknowledged expiration date. We'll refund your full purchase worth when the returned gadgets are acquired. Avoid wasting cash and easily let your fiancй know why popular guy gifts like them a lot, can't wait to spend the rest of your life with them, and more. We have additionally lengthy since negotiated reducing out our siblings and their children. Wives who're at gifted and talented students in poverty times rushed off their ft want just a little fun including to their timekeeping and our Photo Body Household Clock does just that. Yes however even if you happen to RSVP no you're anticipated to ship a gift. Whether or not dating anniversary gift ideas for him are looking for a birthday present or present on your mum, dad, brother, sister, girlfriend, boyfriend, husband, wife or finest buddy our huge assortment of items will swimsuit all budgets. We offer romantic items for any day and make you feel particular with your love. Comes with parachutes, launch pad, controller and more. Thank you Tambulya for this fabulous product. If you are following me on snapchat, you saw your entire process (in addition to the Crispy Almond Butter Cookies from my cookbook). If you are procuring for a girl who loves her hair, this can be a considerate reward. Whether or not I get one back or not never mattered to me in any respect, whether it is signed with an X or an in depth be aware. These were my Christmas playing cards To accompany hand-crafted Finnish cardamon coffee bread. Perhaps you think that the stress your husband is below is clouding his perceptions of you, your marriage, and his life. Offered in sets of 20, Starter Packs allow you to select from fashionable design choices and ship the next enterprise day. Writing recommendations is an enormous effort so it should be one thing fascinating and never inexpensive. While I educate elementary, I am sure most of these items would be gifted and talented students in poverty for any entgiftung leber across grade levels. If you're giving difference between gifts and present corporate Diwali gift then more care must be given while determining the most effective present. Weekends are the perfect interval for any working man but I found many stay busy amazing gift ideas for my girlfriend weekends also, with their workplace work or not have good weekends as a result of there are family tasks too. A considerate gift ought to be both a marriage remembrance and a token of appreciation to your bridesmaids' time and efforts. You can fill the pouch with gifted and talented students in poverty, and drink from the reservoir by utilizing the included tube. Sarcasm has been known as a variety of issues, most of them unhealthy. It's conventional for mates and kin to bestow properly wishes, good fortune and good luck on a brand new arrival. From a lady's point of view, extravagant gifts are awesome, however we can at all times tell when they were rapidly purchased on the last minute. Gifted and talented students in poverty it an open air live performance or a picnic at a park or spectator sports, this sports chair comes into helpful. Burger and fries, Chinese, Italian. And there she goes. Whereas a brand new pinball game is certainly an expensive present, you'll be able to defray the gifted and talented students in poverty by splitting the bill with mates or family. If you need the true, full image of Laura's life as she initially wrote it, this book is an absolute treasure. Out of your gifted and talented students in poverty sales convention to vacation gifts, from new-rent perks to client thank-yous, Batch is aware of easy methods to assemble a fantastic reward and get it into the palms of those who matter most to you. Want extra. I have been suggesting objects like these to my purchasers for years and haven't heard any complaints yet! In case you have any questions, I'll be checking the comments for the next few days. All Ritz London gift vouchers are elegantly introduced with a special personalised message. You may select a one-off gift field or an ongoing subscription that can growas the child does. It has 5 powered by 2 separate sets of excessive-efficiency amplifiers, has a constructed-in subwoofer for kickass thumping bass. You understand, the aunt who stays house on Saturday night time to look at Outlander dwell, and your BFF who can't cease quoting every single line that comes out of Cookie's mouth on Empire. If you would like something similarly outrageous try The Oatmeal's Exploding Kittens sport. Yes, I agree with the few different posts. It marked a 7. Why is the addict desperate. A 3rd kind of fireside starter is made with grownup assist. Send flowers or a present basket to make his birthday further particular this year. For the guy who's gifted and talented students in poverty all times going after a new aquatic endeavor, problem him to anything from kayaking, snorkeling and sportfishing, to surfing, scuba diving and white water rafting. For extra information about our romantic experiences a pair AIR, check gifted and talented students in poverty website.More...
Comments:31.01.2013 at 17:29 Grot:
In it something is. Thanks for an explanation. All ingenious is simple.
10.02.2013 at 19:56 Meztirn:
I am sorry, that has interfered... At me a similar situation. Is ready to help.
17.02.2013 at 12:33 Kazil:
It is remarkable, it is rather valuable information
19.02.2013 at 00:12 Felar:
I here am casual, but was specially registered at a forum to participate in discussion of this question.
19.02.2013 at 04:19 Mezisho:
I recommend to you to look in google.com
26.02.2013 at 13:28 Nitaur:
In my opinion you commit an error. I suggest it to discuss. Write to me in PM.
01.03.2013 at 18:52 Meshakar:
It seems to me, what is it it was already discussed.
11.03.2013 at 00:20 Nenris:
It is remarkable, very good piece
15.03.2013 at 12:18 Docage:
It is very a pity to me, I can help nothing to you. But it is assured, that you will find the correct decision. Do not despair.


text: Davette's Featured Natural Hair Pics Natural Hair Styles Look Good & Are Good for Your Hair. But, take time everyday to look just right. Locs from Davette are the answer to all that time spent. For Adults & For Kids Davette says, "Free yourself from the comb. Loc it up!


text:
At the time when he lived in 500 BC, [Confucius] was the epitome of good governance. He was the epitome of progressive ways towards a peaceful and just order. And he pioneered many things that we would regard today still as extremely important.
You all have, undoubtedly, friends in New York and San Francisco and Berlin and Tokyo and Australia or whatever, all of whom you have much more in common with than you do with your neighbor. You've created diasporas of interest. The death of distance has created many different new forms of country. Countries which aren't based on how far it is from us to those guys over there, but new countries based on what you're interested in.


text:
22/09/2017 Zobrazení celkem: 14381 Dnes: 16
Verona, Sada 1.5 km od vlakového nádraží Verona Porta Nuova a Piazza Bra, Romeo House offers air-conditioned rooms with free WiFi. Verona Fiera Exhibition Centre is 2 km, as well as the Borgo Roma Hospital and Verona University. Rooms at the Romeo are non-smoking and include a flat-screen TV, desk, and private bathroom with a hairdryer and free toiletries. Some also feature a small patio. There is a bus stop 10 metrů, and a 5-minute ride will take you to the historical centre with Juliet's balcony, Scaliger Hroby, and Piazza delle Erbe square. Verona Valerio Catullo Airport is 10 km od domu. Borgo Roma je skvělou volbou pro cestující zájem v cestovním ruchu, Divadlo a City Trip. (Romeo dům Verona hotely rezervace).


text:
It was an impressive season for Bournemouth last season. After being favourites for relegation in their first season in the Premier League, the Cherries comfortably stayed up with a 16th place finish.
Things weren't as good for Jordan Ibe though. The 20-year-old was all set for a breakthrough season after Raheem Sterling left Liverpool, but failed to make an impression under Jurgen Klopp and made just 12 league starts.
The decision to sell Ibe to Bournemouth came as a surprise to a number of Liverpool fans. Having joined the club as a 15-year-old from Wycombe, he was seen as a player with a long term future with the Reds, and this seemed likely after some impressive first games on Merseyside.
A move to the south coast may be of benefit for the youngster however. Eddie Howe has a record of giving young English players a chance in the first team, and after becoming his record signing for £15 million, Ibe looks certain to be given regular first team opportunities in the world's most competitive league.
Bournemouth also play in a way that suits Ibe's style. Unlike a number of teams who come from lower leagues, the Cherries don't play long ball football and miss out the midfield, instead playing a passing game with more technically gifted players.
Ibe is a player who likes to get the ball down and run at defenders, and this was something we saw both Matt Ritchie and Junior Stanislas do for Bournemouth in the 2015/16 campaign. Given that Ritchie has now left the south coast to join Newcastle, you would expect Ibe to have a regular place in the team, something he could thrive from.
It seems clear that the winger has all the attributes needed to succeed at the highest level, and all he needs is time on the pitch to work on these areas of his game, something he will get at Bournemouth.


text:
NTW Group 2 PORT KEYSTONE MODULE (NUM-2KY/MOD)Item#: 40246500 | Model#: NUM-2KY/MOD
- Price:
- $8.99
- Shipping:
- Temporarily out of stock. Order today and we'll deliver when available. (Details)
NTW Group 2 PORT KEYSTONE MODULE Product Details
Manufactured by: NTW Group
UPC No:
Mfg Part No: NUM-2KY/MOD
Box Size:
( Length:19, Width:32, Depth:16)
Shipping Weight: 38.0000 pound(s)
Dimensional Weight: 44pounds
What is Dimensional weight?
Click here for full warranty and support information
- NTW Group logos are registered trademarks of NTW Group. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


text:
CHAPTER 31 Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. The Techniques of Genetic Engineering Review of Principles Underlying Genetic Engineering.
Related searches for CHAPTER 31Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to carry out chemical processes for industrial or commercial application.
Successful genetic engineering depends not only on being able to carry out molecular cloning but also on knowledge of replication, transcription, translation, and the regulatory aspects that control all of these processes.
The choice of a cloning host depends on the final application. In many cases, the host can be a prokaryote, but in others it is essential that the host be a eukaryote (Figure 31.2).
Any host must be able to take up DNA, and there are a variety of techniques by which this can be accomplished, both natural and artificial. Figure 31.3 shows a nucleic acid gun for transfection of certain eukaryotic cells.
Special procedures are needed to detect the foreign gene in the cloning host (Figure 31.4).
If the gene is expressed, the presence of the foreign protein itself, as detected either by its activity or by reaction with specific antibodies, is evidence that the gene is present. However, if the gene is not expressed, its presence can be detected with a nucleic acid probe.
Shuttle vectors allow cloned DNA to be moved between unrelated organisms. A shuttle vector is a cloning vector that can stably replicate in two different organisms.
Many cloned genes are not expressed efficiently in a new host. Expression vectors have been developed for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts.
These vectors contain genes that will increase the level of transcription of the cloned gene and make its transcription subject to specific regulation (Figures 31.5, 31.6). Signals to improve the efficiency of translation may also be present in the expression vector.
Reporter genes transcription of the cloned gene and make its transcription subject to specific regulation ( are incorporated into vectors because they encode proteins that are readily detected. These genes can be used to signal the presence or absence of a particular genetic element or its location. They can also be fused to other genes or to the promoter of other genes so that expression can be studied.
It is possible to achieve very high levels of expression of mammalian genes in prokaryotes. However, the expressed gene must be free of introns.
One can also use the amino acid sequence of a protein to design and synthesize an oligonucleotide probe that encodes it. This process is in effect reverse translation and is illustrated in Figure 31.9.
Many human proteins that were formerly extremely expensive to produce because they were found in human tissues only in small amounts can now be made in large amounts from the cloned gene in a suitable expression system (Table 31.1).
Many recombinant vaccines have been produced. These include live recombinant, vector, subunit, and DNA vaccines.
Genetic engineering can be used to develop transgenic organisms capable of producing proteins of pharmaceutical value.
Genetic engineering is being employed to make plants resistant to disease, to improve product quality, and to use crop plants as a source of recombinant proteins and even vaccines.


text:
06 July 2003
(this day we distributed approx. 120 Kgs.)
Sunday we spent the afternoon giving out small bags of avocados to the Seranistas who gather every week at this time to meet with friends from their villages, to sell things or to beg. It is the one day of the week when one can find some of the neediest people of Trujillo in the center of the city.
Our team od volunteers made several passes through the central square, then we went out along some of the streets that lead into the square.


text: Posted: 10.04.2017, 04:32 Excursions Russia on Budget About The Ranges Best articles 667 about Russia:Voucher russieRussian consulate in chicagoRussian citizen visa to qatarObtaining a russian visa ukVisa pour russie tunisie (Great Britain):Russian visa canada ottawaCan americans visit russia23 of february in russiaMost popular articles 37 in USA:Visa in china for russianRussian embassy visa processing timesOnline travel agencies russia Username Password Remember Me Forgot your password? Forgot your username? Create an account


text:
The Province is investing in long-term housing solutions and support services to address the critical areas of housing for people who are homeless, or who have mental health issues or addictions. The strategy is built on strong, collaborative relationships with stakeholders, partner agencies and other levels of government.
- Learn more about B.C.'s housing strategy, Housing Matters BC
Off-Reserve & Urban Aboriginal Housing
The Province is working with the Aboriginal Housing Management Association (AHMA) to create sustainable, self-reliant, safe and affordable housing for Aboriginal people living off-reserve.
- Locate a provider using the Off-Reserve Aboriginal Housing Resource Tool
- Locate off-reserve housing developments
- Locate Aboriginal housing providers
- Locate an Aboriginal homeless outreach worker
- Learn more about the First Nations Housing Memorandum of Understanding (PDF)
Resources and Programs
Find an Aboriginal housing provider.
The Aboriginal Homeless Outreach Program helps Aboriginal people who are living on the streets find housing. Find an outreach provider.
The provincial housing strategy, Housing Matters BC, recognizes the disproportionate number of Aboriginal individuals or families in British Columbia who are homeless or living in core housing need. BC Housing is working in partnership with the Aboriginal Housing Management Association (AHMA) and Aboriginal housing providers to address the need for appropriate Aboriginal social housing through a range of housing options:- See more at: http://www.bchousing.org/Initiatives/Aboriginal_need#sthash.i5InlbcB.dpuf


text:
Added to Shopping Bag
Catherine Malandrino Design Nation Sleeveless Navy Flare Gore Ruffle Dress
Listed by FritziRitz
Size: 8 (M)
Price: $69.99
Returnable for site
You can request a return for Tradesy Site Credit within 4 days of delivery. FREE return shipping.
If your item was misrepresented in any way, file a Misrepresentation Claim within 4 days of delivery. Our team will review your claim and you may be eligible for a full refund.
Shopping Bag :
Reserved for -:--
This Item is No Longer Available
Design Nation Sleeveless Navy Flare Gore Ruffle Dress
Size: 8 (M)
$69.99 Shipping Included
Design Nation Sleeveless Navy Flare Gore Ruffle Dress
Shipping Included
Not available
This item is no longer available
Pay with Credit Card, PayPal, or Affirm.
8 people saved this item
This item has original tags and shows no visible signs of wear.
New with tag. Catherine Malandrino for Design Nation Ltd. Edition dress. Sleeveless. Midnight blue in a stretch knit fabric. Scoop neck, fitted mini dress. Gore paneling front and back bodice. Gore ruffle flare hem. Unlined. Pullover style. Size 8. Approximate unstretched measurements: bust 37", waist 29", hip 38", length (measured from shoulder) 34.5". Dress it up or down!
Style Tags:
Fri 9/29/17 - Tue 10/3/17 (4-8 days)
Feel free to return this item for any reason and get Tradesy Site Credit. Use your credit to buy something that makes you happy. Just a heads-up, purchases outside the U.S. are Final Sale.
Submit a return request within 4 days of delivery
Pack and ship the item using our free return shipping label
Skip the return request and bring the item to your nearest within 4 days of delivery for instant Tradesy Credit.
Have a similar item? Sell Yours
Authenticity Promise
Tradesy only allows the sale of authentic designer goods. If you believe your purchase is a replica, send it to our team for a free evaluation. You'll get a full refund if anything's amiss.*Learn More
Our Guarantee
Get what you ordered, or your money back. We'll give you a full refund if the condition, style, or authenticity of an item are misrepresented in any way.*Learn More
Real People, Here to Help
Need help? Have questions? Our team in sunny Southern California is available by phone, email, and chat.Help & Support


text:
SATO RFID KIT UHF CL4NX RFID KIT (WWCL05D00)Item#: 13005306 | Model#: WWCL05D00
- Price:
- $1,599.99
- Shipping:
- Temporarily out of stock. Order today and we'll deliver when available. (Details)
RFID KIT UHF CL4NX RFID KIT Product Details
Related Items
Manufactured by: SATO
UPC No: 5712505303207
Mfg Part No: WWCL05D00
Box Size:
( Length:0, Width:0, Depth:0)
Shipping Weight: 4.0000 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- SATO logos are registered trademarks of SATO. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


text:
Could the ability to flip the lights on from the comfort of your tablet move your home in a competitive seller's market? Many Americans are keen to own or invest in smart home technology, particularly if it will help sell their homes faster, according to a recent survey by Coldwell Banker. Harris Poll conducted the online Smart Home Marketplace Survey in October on Coldwell Banker's behalf. Of the more than 4,000 adults surveyed, about 1,000 reported owning at least one smart home product. The most popular types of smart tech among participants were entertainment products like smart TVs and speaker systems as well as security and temperature-controlling programs. ariadna de raadt / Shutterstock.com Of respondents who said they currently have smart home products, 57 percent were male and 43 percent were female. Forty-four percent reported being parents with children under 18 years of age. A trend that spans generations Coldwell Banker concluded that this t...
- According to a Harris Poll survey conducted on the behalf of Coldwell Banker, automated home systems that improve security and convenience or serve to entertain are becoming more mainstream.
- More than half of the survey participants wary of smart home tech adoption indicated that if the products would expedite selling their home, they'd invest in it.
- One product is not enough to make a home "smart." The majority agree that to achieve this status, you need at least three different categories of smart products within a property.
Learn the New Luxury Playbook at Luxury Connect | October 18-19 at the Beverly Hills Hotel


text:
Show Day 18% Grand Finale
Show Day 18% grand finale is a medicated, texturized feed fortified with the show ring in mind. Combining a balanced blend of proteins, chelated trace minerals and energy fortification for lambs that will have the look and 'touch' needed while in the ring.
Product Code: 53144612


text:
Employment Law
Employment Law Questions? Ask an Employment Lawyer.
Hi, thanks for submitting your question today. My name is***** have over 13 years of legal and consulting experience in this area. I'm happy to assist you with your question today. A separation agreement cannot prevent an employee from reporting illegal activity to a state or federal agency as a matter of law. It can, however, prevent the employee from getting a profit from the reporting. Thus, no, you are not prevented from reporting illegal activity. You may not be able to profit from it however.
I believe this answers your question. However, if you need clarification or have follow-up questions regarding this matter, I will be happy to continue our conversation – simply reply to this answer. If you are otherwise satisfied with my response, please leave a positive rating as it is the only way I am able to get credit for my answers. Thank you, ***** ***** wish you all the best with this matter.
Most separation agreements have a provision that prevents you from recovering if you file with an agency, and in the event you do report it the funds you receive from the agency if any, allow the employer to claw back part or all of your separation amount. Yes, in the separation agreement you waived all rights of further personal recovery, the ethics board may recover and may, in fact, override the separation agreement, getting your position back but it cannot stop the employer from clawing back its contractually paid amount if such a clause is in the separation agreement. They cannot change your termination status based on reporting to an ethics commission, no.Hope this clarifies. let me know if I can assist further. thanks.


text:
By Rosalind S. Helderman
Washington Post Staff Writer
Sunday, March 20, 2005; Page LZ01
Loudoun County's two newest high schools will boast cutting-edge distance learning technology that will enable them to share some teachers by allowing an educator standing in one classroom to appear on a television monitor in a classroom miles away.
Administrators say they hope the setup at Brambleton's Briar Woods High School and South Riding's Freedom High School, which will open in August, will permit a host of new educational opportunities, including virtual field trips and speeches by guest lecturers from across the country. In the short term, however, they will use it to expand course offerings at the schools, both of which are scheduled to open with fewer than 500 students in grades nine through 11.
With so few students in their first year -- the schools have been built to accommodate 1,600 -- there are bound to be some courses selected by only a handful of students. Freedom's principal, Christine Forester, said her staff would examine whether four or five upper-level classes could be offered jointly. A teacher would split time between the two schools.
On days when the teacher was not physically present, students in the remote classroom would watch the lesson on a television screen. They could speak to the teacher through microphones, and their images would appear on a monitor in the teacher's classroom.
The technology is in use in Stafford County, but this would be the first time it is used in Loudoun. Preston Coppels, director of instructional services for Loudoun public schools, who is helping the two schools set up the classrooms, said the key to success is choosing flexible teachers able to make virtual instruction work.
"As they're telecasting this across 10 miles, they've got to have something that will hold the kids' interest," he said. "It will require a very special instructor."
Forester said classes considered for the experiment will be those that rely heavily on lecturing, such as psychology or marketing.
Without the distance-learning option, some classes would have to be canceled because of low enrollment, she said. It is also better than the other option, she said, which would involve busing students to another school to take a class.
"It's a way of offering students what they want to take and doing it in their own schools," Forester said.
A classroom aide -- perhaps another teacher with a planning period -- would monitor the remote classroom to ensure discipline and give students a human touch. But Coppels said he thought students would be so wowed by the innovation that discipline would not be a problem.
"We're hoping this is so dynamic and so different that the kids will be too excited for that to be a problem," he said.
Coppels said the technology comes with many options. Microphones can be installed on the ceiling or even on each student's desk. Typically, the camera is noise sensitive, automatically swinging to focus on whoever is speaking. In some setups, circular pads on the classroom floor -- say, in front of the chalkboard -- can also activate a camera when stepped on. The pads mean that the camera can quickly focus on a teacher or student writing on the board, even if he or she did not speak.
Other options allow for a direct feed from a computer monitor onto the remote television screen. That way, work done on a computer screen in one classroom can appear crisp and enlarged on the television in the other room.
"It depends on how much we want to spend," Coppels said.
The technology is expected to cost $50,000 to $60,000, which will come from the construction budgets for the two buildings.


text:
The Final Countdown, funny version
October 18, 2008
Video: Bofunk.com
Europe had an eternal hit with The Final Countdown, this guy's version may not be as memorable, but it is a bit funny none the less. Oh and what do you think of the KazooKeylele, what an instrument for the aspiring one man band.
Got something to say?


text:
Democratic lawmakers have spent this spring trying to needle Gov. Bruce Rauner, holding hearings and some sham votes on bits and pieces of his "Turnaround Agenda."
House Speaker Mike Madigan says he's simply running Rauner's ideas up the flagpole to gauge the level of support. Taking them up is "an accommodation to the governor," he says.
They've been shot down, some in grand style.
Madigan set up a vote on a phony version of Rauner's right-to-work proposal. The vote was zero yes, 72 no, 37 present. Ha-ha!
Good theater. Well, adequate theater, while nothing else gets done in Springfield.
But the Democrats who control Springfield won't go...


text:
Mortgage Applications Up After New Year's Day
Mortgage application volume increased 14.3 percent last week compared to the previous week on a seasonally adjusted basis, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.
On an unadjusted basis applications rose 66 percent. The increase reflects a shortened week due to the New Year's holiday.
Most of the increase was in refinances, which rose 73.9 percent from the previous week's unadjusted index. The unadjusted purchase index rose 48.8 percent compared to the previous week and was down 24.9 percent compared to the same week a year ago.
Interest rates slipped:
- 30-year fixed-rate mortgages decreased to 5.13 percent from 5.18 percent.
- 15-year fixed-rate mortgages decreased to 4.45 percent from 4.62 percent.
- 1-year ARMs increased to 6.83 percent from 6.42 percent.
Source: Mortgage Bankers Association (01/13/2010)
Hello there! If you are new here, you might want to subscribe to the RSS feed for updates on this topic.
New York Real Estate Access | Your Access To Every Home On The MLS!
Access To Every Home On The MLS!
* Instant access to all MLS listings
* Receive future email updates of new listings they day they hit the market!
* Save listings, searches, email friends, and more...
Start Searching For Homes Today!
Tayeb Realty Group | Real Estate Professionals
Search for Homes!
- March 2012 (24)
- February 2012 (12)
- January 2012 (2)
- October 2011 (1)
- July 2011 (12)
- June 2011 (8)
- April 2011 (9)
- March 2011 (6)
- February 2011 (15)
- January 2011 (28)
- December 2010 (18)
- November 2010 (18)
- October 2010 (21)
- September 2010 (21)
- August 2010 (20)
- June 2010 (32)
- May 2010 (27)
- April 2010 (50)
- March 2010 (33)
- February 2010 (41)
- January 2010 (33)
- December 2009 (39)
- November 2009 (15)
- October 2009 (4)
Freshly Pressed
Our Recent Tweets!
Error: Twitter did not respond. Please wait a few minutes and refresh this page.
- $8000 credit (TARP) 30-year mortgage rates 2009 NAR Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) American housing market an energy-improvement mortgage (EIM) Appraisal Atlanta average interest rate Bank-owned properties Bank of America Corp. bank or lender Bank repossessions Basement Remodel Beacon Economics Bedroom Remodel Ben Bernanke better house better resale value beyond. Some believe VOWs could also pave the way for a comprehensive Multiple Listing Service Bloomberg News borrower borrowers borrow more Broker brokerage listings Build-to-suit commercial real estate credit credit report credit score economic recovery existing-home sales Federal Housing Administration FHA FHA loans First-time home buyers First-Time Home Buyer Tax Credit fixed-rate mortgage foreclosure Foreclosures home buyer tax credit home owners Homeownership home prices home sales Home Values housing market interest rates IRS loan mortgage mortgage applications Mortgage Bankers Association mortgage payment Mortgage Rates mortgages NAR National Association of Realtors new york real estate office space properties property values real estate real estate market real estate news real estate trends REALTORS refinancing Remodeling Short Sale tax credit Tax Incentives value of home
RSS Feed


text:
YIELD: 12 servings
1 qt. béchamel sauce
1 lb. brie, trimmed and cubed
2 Tbsps. ground anise
2 lbs. ricotta cheese
6 large eggs
4 medium Bosc pears, peeled, cored, cut into ½" cubes
salt and white pepper, as needed
1 lb. (12 pieces) lasagna noodles, dry
2 oz. (½ cup) sliced almonds, toasted
1. Combine béchamel with half the brie and 1
Register to view the full article
Please register to access this content.
Hide comments


text:
Once again our beautiful design chairs have been featured in the forefront of the magazine Coup De Pouce. To know more about the chair click on the picture.
In the late 70s' my mom and I left Vietnam as "Boat people". We then stayed in a refugee camp in Hong Kong for almost 2 years. I was too young to remember the misery in the camps. I cannot imagine how hard it was for a single mother in these places.
In the early 80s, my uncle sponsored us to come to Quebec. Although our new home was a thousand times better than the refugee camps, my mother and I arrived in Montreal in winter with only a bag of summer clothes and some pictures. We had to overcome the culture shock, language barriers and were "without a penny", as we say in Quebec. We were not out of the woods yet.
Fortunately, to our surprise, several organizations came to our help. Even being young, I still remember the food baskets and colourful clothes of the 80 that we received from the church. These volunteers were great. Not only have they fed us and given us clothes, but more importantly, they gave us a chance to a better life.
Today, through Kanvass Home, my partner and I decided to pay it forward. Kanvass donated over $ 7,000 in furniture to the new Maison D'Haiti complex, which was inaugurated on October 28th 2016. This super center helps not only the new immigrants but also its community.
To all nonprofit organizations and thousands of volunteers, I tip my hat and thank you for your generosity and time. For those who benefit from it, do not forget to give back. A small gesture that goes far!
People have asked us what are the differences between Kanvass Eames molded side chair and the others replicas on the market. Here is what we came up with.
View full article →
Symphonic Smiles of Montreal have asked Kanvass home to sponsor a fund raising event to benefit the Montreal Children's Hospital Foundation. How could we say no to helping children! Help us help them reach their goal and come to the event by the thousands!
For more info click here


text:
Part 78: And Now For Something Completely Different
The main characters have been interrupted in the middle of their daring rescue by a bunch of sailors with guns, so instead of seeing how that turns out, let's cut to some Villainous Plotting. The sleeve on the right ought to be instantly recognizable as Kato's. The guy on the couch is Minister Ishimura, Kato's boss. We'll get to the guy in green momentarily.
You called me, Minister?
I'd like to thank you all for coming here on this, the day of my daughter's wedding...
Your daughter was married some time ago.
Oh, right. Where was I...
Terada has failed...
GAH! I will NEVER get used to that face. This is Garan. He(?) is Ishimura's pet mystic.
Kawashima's murder. The kidnapping. All have failed.
Here's a question: why the hell is Kato working for a guy who wants to kill the father of the woman he loved? Especially since it's a fair bet that Ishimura is the one behind Yoshiko's death in Shanghai.
It's all because of that young bodyguard of his.
I've heard the rumors, but...I never imagined it was so bad.
It's time to go to plan B... Special Agent Kato, are your Apes ready?
The final one, Ouka, is nearly completed.
The third one required...quite a bit of time and money, did it not?
I'm sorry, Minister.
Very well. I must speak with Garan now. You may leave.
Kato does just that, bowing and then turning to head for the door. He doesn't make it far.
Special Agent Kato!
Yes, sir?
Don't get too involved in your work. They may appear human, but in the end, an ape is just an ape.
Yes, sir. I understand very well.
Kato bows again and then leaves for real.
Garan watches him go and turns to Ishimura.
Minister, you must be careful with him now. Since his return from Russia, he's been shut up in the laboratory, practicing suspicious magic.
He came back from Europe with a great present for me. Let him play with his little toys.
Minister, you are far too easy on him. He was nearly court-martialed after coming back from Europe! You shouldn't give him such an important position.
Special Agent Kato has traveled in Asia and Europe and seen much of the world. On the other hand, you have never left Japan, and I'm not surprised you see things differently. It's really quite interesting.
I cannot understand you!
Hmhmhm. Prepare for our attack on Kawashima. He has adopted a daughter of the Qing Dynasty in order to gain a foothold in Asia.
He plans to resist Yuan Shikai and even support the guerrilla war. I'm afraid if those events should occur, we'll lose our advantage.
Ah, yes.
We cannot ever permit that. We cannot allow Kawashima the power to create a country in Asia! We must eliminate him while he's still in Yokohama.
I understand you. With my magic I will send his soul spiraling into hell!
Ahahahahaha! I'm counting on it.
And on that note, Garan disappears.
The scene immediately shifts to a laboratory with a woman lying on a table. It's all very steampunk. Kato's voice is heard, probably through a speaker.
Ouka, wake up.
Wait, that's the "Ape" they were talking about?
Her eyes slowly open. She should look very familiar to anyone that's played the first game. We'll find out why that is as soon as we can look at her profile.
That's right. Ouka. That's your name.
Now, sit up.
She immediately does so. Her sole purpose seems to be to follow Kato's orders. Also to drive home that Kato has turned into a huge dick, but it will be a little while before we get to that.
Your job is to escape from there.
Kill anything in your way. Then come to me as swiftly as you can.
Yes, Master.
Well, this should be interesting.


text:
This property has been removed by the agent. It may be sold or temporarily removed from the market
3 bedroom end of terrace house for saleDe Havilland Place, Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, WD5
Under Offer POA
Property Description
Key features
- Brand new development
- Just over a mile from Kings Langley Station
- Driveway parking
- 10-year Premier warranty
- Help to buy & part exchange available
- Show home now open for viewings
Full description
SHOW HOME NOW AVAILABLE TO VIEW at this brand new development. A rare development of just 12 brand new three bedroom homes. Ideally positioned in Abbots Langley close to excellent local schools and just a mile away from Kings Langley Station the houses are reserving fast. HELP TO BUY AND PART EXCHANGE AVAILABLE
This brand new three bedroom mid terrace home has a beautiful open plan kitchen/diner with bi-fold doors onto the garden, a separate lounge, downstairs WC, three bedrooms an en-suite shower room to the master bedroom and a modern family bathroom. Call our sales team now for more information
Disclaimer: Please note all internal photos shown are taken of previous developments by Mears New Homes.
De Havilland Place -
Entrance Hallway -
Sitting Room - 16'04 x 13'7 (4.98m x 4.14m) -
Kitchen - 22'6 x 13'7 (6.86m x 4.14m) -
Dining/Family Room -
Utility Room - 6'8 x 5'11 (2.03m x 1.80m) -
Master Bedroom - 13'7 x 10'5 (4.14m x 3.18m) -
Ensuite - 7'3 x 5'3 (2.21m x 1.60m) -
Bathroom - 7'3 x 6'6 (2.21m x 1.98m) -
Bedroom 2 - 13'7 x 9'4 (4.14m x 2.84m) -
Bedroom 3 - 16'5 x 9'2 (5.00m x 2.79m) -
Rear Garden -
Garage - 18'3 x 9'4 (5.56m x 2.84m) -
For clarification, we wish to inform you that we have prepared these particulars as a general guide. None of the statements contained in these particulars are to be relied upon as statements of representation or fact. We have not carried out a detailed survey, or tested the services, appliances and specific fittings. Room sizes should not be relied upon for carpets and furnishings.
More information from this agent
To view this media, please visit the on-line version of this page at www.rightmove.co.uk/new-homes-for-sale/property-45382713.html
Listing History
Map & Street View
View in fullscreenView in fullscreen
Street View is unavailable in this location
Market Info
Disclaimer - Property reference 26627877. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Sewell & Gardner, Rickmansworth. Please contact the selling agent or developer directly to obtain any information which may be available under the terms of The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 or the Home Report if in relation to a residential property in Scotland.
Map data ©OpenStreetMap contributors.


text:
Mix the wine with a few tablespoonfuls of sugar and the peeled and thinly sliced pears, heat and cook gently, whisk the egg whites with three tablespoonfuls of sugar till stiff. As soon as the pears are cooked and have absorbed all the liquid, remove from the flame and leave to cool. In a butter-lined pie dish, arrange alternate layers of pears and whipped egg whites. Bake in a moderate oven.
Ingredients (to serve 6 people)
Knead the flour, 100g of the sugar, the whole egg, the yolk, the milk and the raising agent. Roll out the pastry and place in a greased and floured pie dish. Peel and slice the pears; arrange the slices on the pastry, shower with the sugar left, a pinch of cinnamon and a little melted butter. Bake in a moderate oven for about 30 minutes.
Peel the pears and cook in equal parts of water and wine and a good quantity of sugar. Arrange them on a soup plate after having lined the plate with the fruit jelly. Sprinkle the pears with their cooking syrup. Grate the chocolate and melt over a gentle heat together with the butter. Pour this cream over the pears and serve either hot or cold.
Bake the pears whole and pass through a vegetable masher after having removed the cores. Put the pulp in a bowl and add the eggs, macaroons, chocolate powder, cocoa powder, sugar, grated lemon rind and rum at will.
Mix all the ingredients well and lay out the mixture in a baking tin.
Level well and add some knobs of butter.
Bake for 50 min at 180° until the edges of the cake come away from the baking tin.
Ingredients (for 2 kg of jam)
Peel and cut the pears into pieces arranging them in a pan in layers: a layer of pears, a layer of sugar and so on until the ingredients are finished.
Leave the whole in infusion for about 12 hours and then simmer without stirring for about 4 hours. Remove from the heat and leave to cool. Lastly, mash the compote through a vegetable masher and put in airtight containers. For better preservation, add a pinch of powdered salicylic acid to the jam.


text:
SHARE THIS PAGE View Viral Dashboard ›
- jmullane14 "21 Tricks Every Non-Morning Person Sh..."
- jmullane14 "31 Household Products You'll Never Ha..."
Drag to highlight one or more parts of the screen.
We got your feedback, and we'll follow up with you at
Sadly, an error occured while sending your feedback. Please contact email@example.com to let us know.


text:
Welcome from Mayor Don A. De Graff
Don A. De Graff Mayor
Welcome to the
Thank you for your payment.
We are currently experiencing issues with posting payments to multiple accounts paid through the shopping cart. If you pay for multiple accounts using a single "cart", it is possible that your payment may not be correctly posted to your water billing account. Until this issue is resolved, please only pay for a single account at a time.
|Payment Type (Please click the link below to make a payment.)
|We Accept
|Water/Sewer Bill
For assistance, please contact us at:
Village of South Holland
16226 Wausau Avenue
South Holland, IL 60473
(708) 210-2900


text:
01942 21634501942 216345
Contact Us
Card-io 135 Ormskirk Road, Newtown, Wigan, WN5 9DP, United Kingdom.
Items: items Value:
Established 2003: Shop open 3 days a week: Free UK shipping on orders over £30
Store SectionsShow
Best SellersShow
New ProductsShow
Latest Products
Shop By Theme
Special Offers
Majestix Clear Peg Stamp Sets
Card-io Clear Stamps
Shop By Brand or Make
Acrylic Pegs and Blocks
Ink Pads
Craft Accessories
Craft Tools
Drawing and Colouring
Finishing Touches
Winter Trees
Dear Deer A7
Winter Breeze
Home for Christmas
Home for Christmas Multibuy Pack - 3 Combinations 2 Majestix
Winter Blooms
Bells and Baubles
Christmas Branches
Winter Stroll A7
Winters' Kiss
The specified product reference (Film10) couldn't be found.
Please wait for your browser to forward you to the next page or click here.
Call us on01942 21634501942 216345
Card-io135 Ormskirk Road,Newtown,Wigan,WN5 9DP, United Kingdom.
© 2014 - 2017 Card-io


text:
Beautiful faces are the only faces that get a chance to appear on magazine covers or in movies where high school seems fun. Get starlet fever with this Groupon.
Choose from Three Options
- $49 for one radio-frequency facelift (a $250 value)
- $79 for two radio-frequency facelifts (a $500 value)
- $109 for three radio-frequency facelifts (a $750 value)
The nonsurgical facelift delivers radio-frequency currents to dermal and subdermal skin layers, which stimulate collagen production and aim to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Wellness Med Clinic
The staff members of Wellness Med Clinic deliver treatments from a dichotomous menu that includes both clinical and med-spa services. These staffers not only hold the certifications you'd expect—licenses in cosmetology and laser therapy, for example—but also have taken part in advanced studies in fields such as medical aesthetics, acupuncture, and physical therapy. This background means each technician has her own in-depth approach to wellness, a fact that supports the clinic's mission to provide health care in a holistic way that doesn't focus narrowly on just treating symptoms or extracting arrows.