text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 27, 1999
|Filing date
|May 31, 1996
|Priority date
|May 31, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John Mark Zetts
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (58), Classifications (8), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention broadly relates to data processing systems. The invention has particular application in a multitasking pen-based computer system in which a single task is dedicated to routing user input such as keyboard, mouse or stylus events to various computer programs executing concurrently under user control.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Pen software extensions to operating systems, such as the preferred IBM OS/2 operating system, permit users to write directly into a window characters that are subsequently sent to a gesture and handwriting recognition engine for recognition. By default, the system treats the hand printed shapes as gestures unless the window is one which accepts text such as an edit field or a text entry window. Pen-based systems are described generally in U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,951 by Alan Tannenbaum, et al. entitled "Graphical User Interface with Gesture Recognition in a Multi-Application Environment".
By convention, fields that accept text indicate so by displaying an I-beam mouse pointer when the pointer is positioned over the text field. The operating system provides a standard I-beam mouse pointer for applications to use so that, 1) all entry fields have a uniform look and, 2) the developer of each application does not have to design and ship a custom version of an I-beam mouse pointer with its respective product.
The pen-based system software takes advantage of this standard I-beam to know the user is writing into a text field. As the user moves the stylus close to the surface and begins to write, the system moves the mouse pointer to the location of the stylus. If the mouse pointer is in a text field, the pointer becomes an I-beam. The pen-based system is unaware of the pointer shape but compares the ID of the pointer to the ID of the system supplied I-beam pointer. If the IDs match, the system takes two actions. First, the system changes the mouse pointer from an I-beam to a pen figure to alert the user that he or she may write directly into the field with the stylus. Second, the system treats the handwritten characters primarily as text rather than gestures. The examination of application, window, and pointer characteristics for the purpose interpreting pen or stylus input is discussed in IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 38, No. 09, September 1995, entitled, "Data Interpretation Techniques for a Pen-based Computer".
The problem pen faces however is that many application developers ship their applications with their own version of an I-beam pointer. These developers design their own I-beam pointer shapes for aesthetic reasons or simply to distinguish their applications from those of the competition. In all cases, though, these custom I-beams still retain some resemblance to the standard I-beam shape to ensure good human factors. Otherwise, users might become confused and not perceive that the fields accept text input. Unfortunately, most of the dominant word processor applications are shipped with their own I-beam pointers rendering the presently existing pen-based systems techniques of comparing the pointer IDs somewhat ineffective.
Another problem in pen-based systems is ascertaining when an application is unable to process mouse and keyboard input. An application normally signals this `busy` condition by displaying an hour glass pointer. This is usually sufficient indication and the user ceases input until the hour glass pointer gets restored to the arrow pointer. In many cases however, while the application is in a busy state, there is already mouse or keyboard input in the system queue that has been directed to other active applications on the desktop. But given the design of both the OS/2 and Windows operating systems, the enqueued input cannot be dequeued and dispatched to the target application until the busy application has first, in effect, told the operating system it has finished dequeueing mouse and keyboard input. The operating system has no way of knowing the application is momentarily in a busy state, although the user does. If the operating system had way of detecting this busy state, it could summarily examine the input queue and dequeue/route any mouse or keyboard input that was directed at a non-busy application that was waiting on user input. The result would be the removal of a processing bottleneck.
It is therefore an object of the invention to optically recognize mouse pointers displayed by various computer program applications to determine the dynamic state or environment of the applications.
It is another object of the invention to perform accurate pointer shape recognition, ensuring that non-target pointer shapes are rejected with a high degree of confidence.
It is still a further object of the invention to perform pointer shape recognition in a computationally efficient manner so that the overhead added by the recognition process has no discernible effect on the responsiveness or performance of the computer.
It is yet a further object of the invention to perform pointer shape recognition on computers with varying display resolutions and color capabilities.
Briefly stated, the foregoing and other objects are accomplished by the method and system of the present invention. In one aspect of the present invention, the system determines whether or not a non-system pointer is equivalent to a system pointer. The system and the non-system pointer each have pointer ID. The system first determines whether the pointer ID of the non-system pointer is in a table of pointer IDs and flagged in the table as being equivalent to the system pointer. Whenever the pointer ID of the non-system pointer is not in the table of pointer IDs, the system determines, based on the shape of the non-system pointer, whether the non-system pointer is equivalent to the system pointer.
The system determines, based on shape, whether the non-system pointer is equivalent to the system pointer by comparing the non-system pointer to a predefined mask. Whenever all picture elements of the non-system pointer lie within the mask, the system determines whether the number of picture elements comprising the non-system pointer is greater than a predetermined threshold. Whenever the system determines the non-system pointer to be equivalent to the system pointer, the system adds the pointer ID of the non-system pointer to the table of pointer IDs and flags the pointer ID as being equivalent to the system pointer.
In another aspect of the present invention, the system may determine whether the non-system pointer is equivalent to the system pointer by first comparing the non-system pointer with a predefined course mask. If all picture elements of the non-system pointer lie within the course mask, the system then compares the non-system pointer with a predefined fine mask. Whenever all picture elements of said non-system pointer lie within the fine mask, the system determines whether the number of picture elements comprising the non-system pointer exceeds a predetermined threshold. The system may then determine whether the non-system pointer satisfies a predetermined symmetry condition.
FIG. 1 is a hardware block diagram of a system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an architectural diagram of the major software components of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are pictorial representations of an editable text window displaying an I-beam and a pen pointer shape, respectively.
FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation illustrating various I-beam pointers.
FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C illustrate an I-beam pointer as found in the pointer image (5A), the image left-justified (5B) and the image bottom-left-justified (5C).
FIG. 6 illustrates a bitmap formatted as both 8-bit and 32-bit data.
FIG. 7 illustrates I-beam pointer shape masks for VGA display resolution.
FIG. 8 illustrates I-beam pointer shape masks for XGA display resolution.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a pointer table according to the present invention.
FIGS. 10-18 are flow diagrams of a preferred software implementation of the I-beam pointer shape recognition method and system of the present invention.
FIGS. 19-22 are flow diagrams of a preferred software implementation of an alternative embodiment of the present invention in which hour glass pointer shape recognition is performed in order to determine when applications are in a busy or unavailable state.
FIG. 23 is a flow diagram of pointer entries being removed from the pointer table whenever an application is shut down.
FIG. 24 is a pictorial representation of the Windows (TM) hour glass `application busy` pointer shape.
FIGS. 25A and 25B are representations of the course and fine mask for the hour glass pointer shape.
FIG. 26 illustrates misalignment of the hour glass pointer image and the fine mask.
FIG. 27 illustrates the symmetry lines and quadrants of the hour glass pointer shape.
FIG. 28 illustrates the queen pointer shape in the Chess program application.
Referring now to the drawings, and first FIG. 1, a hardware block diagram of a personal computer system with which the system and method of the present invention may be implemented is designated generally by the numeral 10. System 10 includes processor 11, which includes a central processing unit (CPU) 13 and random access memory 15. System 10 preferably also includes additional memory in the form of a hard disk storage device 17 and a floppy disk device 19. Floppy disk device 19 is adapted to receive a diskette 21 on which may be recorded software for programs, including a software implementation of the present invention. System 10 also includes user interface hardware devices including a display 23, a keyboard 25, a mouse 27, and a pen or stylus 29. System 10 preferably includes a printer 31.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is illustrated a high level diagram of the major software system components of the pen-based system of the present invention. At the bottom of FIG. 2, the output signals from pen 29, mouse 27, and keyboard 25 are connected to device drivers 33, which are modules that provide low-level I/O support to their respective devices. Device drivers 33 put events into system queues 35. The events in system queues 35 are subsequently processed by a presentation manager 37 which then routes pen and mouse events to pen extensions 39 for processing.
A typical system includes both pen-aware applications 41 and pen-unaware applications 43. Pen-aware applications have the native capacity to recognize and process pen input. Pen-unaware applications are those that have the native capacity only to recognize and process keyboard and/or mouse input. Therefore, pen extensions 39 routes pen events directly to pen-aware applications 41. However, since pen-unaware applications 43 are not capable of using pen functionality, the system includes a compatibility module 45.
Compatibility module 45 acts as a pen-aware application on behalf of pen-unaware applications. If, for example, the user inputs handwritten character events to a pen-aware application, pen extensions 39 routes those events to compatibility module 45, which in turn routes all pen strokes to the gesture and handwriting recognition engine 47. Gesture and handwriting recognition engine 47 processes the pen stroke events and returns a recognition result to the compatibility module 45.
If the recognition event is a gesture, compatibility module 45 routes it to a recognition event delivery subsystem 49, which accesses profiles 51 set up for the user to determine what actions to perform in a pen-unaware application in response to a particular gesture. Optionally, some tools 53 may be invoked to perform some action on the pen-unaware application 43. If the recognition result returned to compatibility module 45 is recognized as handwriting, the resultant text string is routed directly to the appropriate pen-unaware application 43.
Referring now to FIG. 3A, a computer display screen is designated generally by the numeral 60. Screen 60 has displayed thereon a window 61, which in turn displays notebook 63. In a manner familiar to those skilled in the art, notebook 63 includes various tabs and buttons, and a text entry field 65. In a pen-based system, whenever the user brings the pen or stylus (not shown) near screen 60, the system moves the pointer to the location of the pen and processes actions with the pen according to the characteristics of the pen location. In FIG. 3A, pointer is in text field 65 and it has assumed the shape of an I-beam 67. The I-beam pointer shape indicates to the user that text field 65 will accept text input from the keyboard.
In FIG. 3B, which is generally similar to FIG. 3A, the system has drawn a pen-shaped pointer 69 in place of I-beam pointer of FIG. 3A. Pen-shaped pointer 69 indicates to the user that text field 65 will accept handwritten input in the form of characters or gestures.
Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a pictorial representation of an icon bitmap 80, such as would be displayed in an icon editor application, with six representative I-beam pointer shapes drawn therein. Icon bitmap 80 is a grid of 32�32 elements, with each element representing one picture element (pel) of VGA resolution. The I-beam pointer shapes illustrated in FIG. 4 include the OS/2 (TM) I-beam pointer 81 and the Windows (TM) I-beam pointer 83.
The I-beam pointer shapes illustrated in FIG. 4 show the considerable variation in pointers at the pel level while still retaining a shape that users will recognize immediately as I-beams. FIG. 4 also illustrates that an I-beam pointer may be placed by the designer anywhere in the bitmap.
Referring now to FIG. 10, there is shown a high level flowchart that depicts a function in pen extensions 39 of FIG. 2 that is called for each mouse event received. This function is nominally called 60-100 times per second while the mouse or pen is in motion, since these are the standard reporting rates of such devices. For each incremental movement of the pointing device, the pointer shape must be redrawn at a new position. When the pointing device is over an entry field of any type, the operating system or application paints an I-beam pointer to inform the user that keyboard input is permissible. The function in FIG. 10 will cause the operating system to paint a pen pointer shape 69 of FIG. 3B instead if it is determined that the pointer is currently an I-beam.
Starting at block 1500, the ID of the current pointer is queried and it is tested to see if the current pointer is either the system I-beam, at decision block 1510, or another system pointer, at decision block 1520. If the pointer is the system I-beam, the system changes the pointer shape to the pen at block 1570 and ends at block 1580.
If the pointer is one of the other pointers supplied by the operating system, the system takes no further action and ends at block 1580. Otherwise, the system accesses a pointer table 1400 according to FIG. 9 at block 1530 to determine if an entry exists for the current pointer ID.
Turning to FIG. 9, pointer table 1400 is a table having columns including POINTER ID 1405, PROCESS ID 1410, I-BEAM FLAG 1415. In the preferred embodiment, pointer table 1400 is constructed to hold up to 250 entries in rows 0-249. As will be explained in detail, pointer table is maintained by adding entries as new pointers are recognized and deleting entries as applications are shut down.
Returning to FIG. 10, if pointer table 1400 contains an entry for the current pointer at decision block 1540, the system branches to test if the table entry is flagged as an I-beam at decision block 1560. If so, the system paints the pen pointer at block 1570; else the process ends at block 1580. If the test for a pointer table entry at decision block 1540 fails, another routine is called to test the pointer for the I-beam shape, indicated generally a process block 1550, and shown in detail in FIGS. 12-18. If the routine indicates the pointer is an I-beam at decision block 1560, the system changes the pointer to a pen at block 1570; else, the routine ends 1580.
Referring to FIG. 12, it will be noted that the routine that tests for the I-beam shape at block 1550 of FIG. 10 is called only once for each application supplied pointer. This is because the routine of FIG. 12 makes an entry at blocks 1750 and 1780 in I-BEAM FLAG column 1415 of pointer table 1400 for each pointer flagging whether or not the pointer tested positive for the I-beam shape. Once a pointer table 1400 entry exists for a particular pointer ID, the result of the table entry test at decision block 1540 of FIG. 10 is always true and the overhead incurred by the I-beam recognition process is precluded. The fact that a large majority of applications use the system supplied I-beam and other system pointers and that the non-system pointers are tested only once keeps the processing requirements of this function to a minimum. The additional load on the system is not discernible by even a sophisticated and knowledgeable user.
Referring now to FIG. 11, there is shown what preprocessing is required at boot time to ready pen extension module 39 (FIG. 2) to test and monitor pointer shapes. At block 1600 the number of valid entries in pointer table 1400 is zeroed. In the preferred embodiment, a copy of the Windows™ I-beam bitmap is loaded at block 1610, queried at block 1620, and moved into global memory at block 1630 to facilitate the quick testing of Windows I-beam pointers.
The preferred OS/2 operating system is capable of executing native Windows applications by loading each Windows application in its own DOS virtual machine. A quirk of this implementation is that each active Windows application is given a unique I-beam pointer ID, even though the applications are all using the same Windows-supplied I-beam pointer. To speed up the recognition process, the bitmap of the standard Windows I-beam is kept in memory for fast memory to memory compares with the current pointer.
In the last step of initialization, the ID of the system supplied I-beam is queried at block 1640. This is the ID used in the test at decision block 1510 of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 charts the high level recognition process. As indicated generally at block 1700, the system calls a routine to copy the bitmap of the current pointer into memory where it can be examined and manipulated. FIG. 13 depicts this processing. It should be noted that pen extensions module 39 does not have the same access to bitmaps that the application has since it is running as an extension of the operating system and hence has little knowledge of the application's environment. This requires pen extensions 37 to access the bitmap data in a very indirect and roundabout manner. Using well known OS/2 system APIs, a presentation space is allocated at block 1800 and the handle of the pointer shape bitmap is queried at block 1810. Then the bitmap is set into the presentation space, which is the precursor for reading the bitmap data out of the restricted memory of the graphics engine and into pen extension's global memory at block 1830. Once the bitmap data has been obtained, it is deleted from the presentation space at block 1840 and the presentation space resource is deallocated at block 1850.
Returning to FIG. 12, after querying the bitmap data at block 1700, the system performs an optimized memory to memory compare at block 1710 to see if the pointer is the Windows I-beam. If the compare tests equal at 1720, an entry is added to pointer table 1400 at block 1780, the entry is flagged as an I-beam at block 1785, and the number of valid pointer table entries is incremented at 1790. The number of valid pointer entries is carefully maintained because pointer table 1400 is constructed to have 250 entries and to reduce the search time expended at block 1530, the search is suspended after the last valid entry is found.
If the compare at decision block 1720 tests false, another routine is called at block 1730 to conduct further tests on the pointer. If this routine reports a negative result at decision block 1740, an entry is added to the pointer table at block 1750, the entry is flagged as a non I-beam at block 1760, the number of valid pointer table entries is incremented at block 1770 and the routine returns the negative result to the calling routine at block 1775. If the compare at decision block 1740 tests true, an entry is added to the pointer table at block 1780, the entry is flagged as an I-beam at block 1785, the number of valid pointer table entries is incremented at 1790, and the result is returned at block 1795.
Referring to FIG. 5A, there is shown a bitmap array 510 for an arbitrary I-beam pointer shape. Bitmap array 510 is a 32�32 array of binary data, in which the pels of the I-beam shape are designated by ones. It will be noted that the I-beam of bitmap array 510 comprises 28 pels occupying nine columns and fourteen rows. It will further be noted that the I-beam is positioned at an arbitrary location within bitmap array 510.
FIG. 14 illustrates the flow for the test of an approximate I-beam shape, for example the I-beam shape of FIG. 5A. To streamline processing through this routine and its ancillary subroutines, shown in FIGS. 15-18, the bitmap array is converted from 8-bit to 32-bit alignment at block 1900. The penalty incurred by reformatting the data is more than amply compensated for by the use of CPU instructions that operate on 32-bits at a time. FIG. 6 illustrates the conversion from 8-bit 600 to 32-bit 610 alignment of bit array 510. At block 1910, a pointer shape mask is selected according to the type of pointer being tested and the display resolution. A mask 710 for VGA resolution and a mask 810 for XGA resolution are illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, respectively. Utilizing different masks increases the accuracy of pointer shape recognition. At block 1920, the AND mask of the bitmap is converted to one's complement of itself in preparation for combining the AND and OR masks at block 1930. Because the shape of the pointer may be encoded into either the AND or the OR mask or both, the two masks are combined to ensure that the entire pointer shape is taken into account. And because the AND mask is normally all ones and changes to zeroes to encode the pointer shape, it is inverted at block 1920 to match the formatting of the OR mask, which is the opposite.
At this point, the bitmap has been reduced from two masks to one and in order to test the pointer shape against the mask, the pointer shape must be further isolated. To accomplish this, subroutines are called to justify the pointer shape to the left, at block 1940, and then to the bottom, at block 1950, of the bitmap array. Before bottom justifying the image though, the system tests at decision block 1945 to see if the pointer is blank, which is not an uncommon occurrence. If so, processing stops and the routine passes back a negative result at block 1955. The left and bottom justification processes results, respectively, in bitmap array 520 of FIG. 5B and bitmap array 530 of FIG. 5C.
Now that the image of the pointer is in a known place, another subroutine is called to determine if any bit outside the mask is set to one at block 1960. If even a single bit is set to one outside the mask, the test fails at decision block 1965 and false is returned to the calling routine at block 1985. If no bits are set to one outside the mask at decision block 1965, yet another subroutine is called at block 1975 to count the number of bits set under the shape mask. If a sufficient number of bits are set to one at decision block 1975, the pointer shape is considered to be approximately an I-beam and true is returned at block 1980. The threshold used to determine if the shape is an I-beam is empirically set and the algorithm currently expects counts of 17 bits set to one for VGA resolution and 24 bits set to one for XGA.
The four subroutines invoked generally at blocks 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970 in FIG. 14 will now be examined in detail. The left justification of the bitmap is charted in FIG. 15. The pointer shape image is justified to the left and not the right because the scan lines of bitmaps must always be encoded in multiples of 32 bits. This is done to optimize video operations and allow memory to be mapped directly to the video hardware. Because of this, any bitmap with a resolution between 32�32 and 64�64 pels will always have 64 bits of data per scan line even though the image might use only a few bits of the second 32-bit word. These extra bits are referred to as padding, illustrated in column 820 of bitmap array 810 of FIG. 8, and if the algorithm used right justification, it would first have to shift the image past the padding of zeroes. This would be time consuming. When dealing with bitmaps of resolution greater than 32�32, the pointer image will usually be closer to the left edge of the bitmap.
In FIG. 15, at block 2000, the number of scan lines is loaded from the bitmap header. Then, the subroutine enters a loop of blocks 2010-2050 where the leftmost bit of each scan line is tested for a one at block 2010. After testing each scan line, a test is made to see if the leftmost bits were all zeroes at decision block 2020. If so, then the start of the pointer image has not yet been located, so each scan line is shifted one bit to the left at block 2030 and the shift count is incremented 2040. A test is conducted to see to the number of shifted bits is greater than or equal to the number of scan lines at decision block 2050. This test catches the case of a blank pointer shape and prevents an infinite loop. If the shift count exceeds the scan line count at decision block 2050,the subroutine simply returns true at block 2060. The shifting of the image to the left at block 2030 continues until finally the leftmost bit of one of the scan lines contains a one at decision block 2020. When this occurs, this image is fully left justified and the subroutine returns false at block 2070.
FIG. 16 illustrates the flow of the next step of the recognition algorithm wherein the left justified image is bottom justified. At entry, the scan line pointer is set to the bottom of the bitmap array at block 2100 so that testing commences at the last or bottom scan line. A loop is entered at blocks 2100-2130 in which each scan line is tested in its entirety for a non-zero bit at decision block 2110. If no non-zero bits are found, the scan line pointer is decremented at block 2120. If the scan line pointer points to the top scan line of the bitmap at decision block 2130, the routine returns at block 2140. Else, the loop iterates until a non-zero scan line is found signifying the bottom of the pointer image has been located at which point the loop exits and goes to the second half of the subroutine.
In the second half of the subroutine, a source pointer is initialized at block 2150 to point to the scan line at the bottom of the image and the target pointer is set to point to the bottom of the bitmap array at block 2155. These pointers are used to execute a memory-to-memory transfer of the bitmap that effectively bottom justifies the image. This is accomplished in the loop bounded by operations 2165 through 2185 inclusive. One by one, each scan line is transferred at block 2160 and the source and target pointers are decrement each time at blocks 2175 and 2180, respectively. After each scan line is transferred, a test is made at decision block 2165 to see if the current source pointer is pointing at the top of the bitmap. If so, the source pointer wraps around to the bottom of the bitmap at block 2170 so that the entire bitmap get transferred. Eventually, the target pointer hits the top of the bitmap at decision block 2185, signifying the completion of the transfer and the loop exits and the subroutine returns at block 2190.
FIG. 17 depicts the logic flow that tests the pointer image for any bit set to one outside the shape mask. Again the scan line pointer is set to the bottom of the array at block 2200, the known start of the pointer image. The shape mask pointer is also set to the bottom on the mask at block 2210 to keep in locked step with the bitmap scan line. The loop from blocks 2220-2290 inclusive inverts the mask line by taking its ones complement at block 2220 and employing an AND operation at block 2230, and tests it against its associated bitmap scan line at decision block 2240. Any shape that is approximately an I-beam will not have bits set outside the mask. If a non-zero bit is found, the subroutine returns true 2250 which will indicate a non I-beam shape to the calling routine. Else, a test is made to see if the pointer reached the top of the of the bit array, signalling completion of the test at decision block 2260. If not, the scan line pointer and mask line pointer are decremented at blocks 2280 and 2290, respectively, and the loop iterates back to block 2220. If the last scan line is reached 2260 at decision block, no bits were found outside the mask and the subroutine returns false at block 2270.
FIG. 18 is the final worker routine of the recognition algorithm. It has now been established that the all non-zero bits are under the shape mask, which signifies a close fit of the two shapes. The last task is to count the bits set under the mask to see if it qualifies as an I-beam. In actuality, the shape mask is not needed in this step since all the non-zero bits are within the mask. Initializing loop variables, the shift count, the scan line count, and the bit count are all cleared at blocks 2300, 2305, and 2310, respectively. Then two predefined constants, the number of non-zero mask lines and the number of non-zero mask columns, are loaded for use within the loop, at blocks 2315 and 2320, respectively. At block 2325, the current scan line pointer is set to the bottom of the bitmap array and then code falls into an inner loop 2330-2350 and an outer loop 2355-2370. The inner loop 2330-2350 traverses each scan line counting each non-zero bit, while the outer loop 2355-2370 iterates through each scan line.
At decision block 2330 the leftmost bit of the current scan line is tested for a one. If it is a one, the bit count is incremented block 2335. In any case, the shift count is always incremented at block 2340 and a test is made at decision block 2345 to see if the number of bits shifted is equal to the number of non-zero columns at decision block 2345. If not, the entire scan line is shifted one bit to the left at block 2350 and the loop iterates back to decision block 2330. If the number of bits shifted equals the number of non-zero mask columns at decision block 2345, the shift count is cleared at block 2355 and the scan line pointer is decremented at block 2360 to examine the next scan line. If the number of scan lines examined equals the number of non-zero mask scan lines at decision block 2365, then all scan lines under the mask have been tested and the subroutine returns the total number of non-zero bits counted at block 2375. Otherwise, the scan line count is incremented at block 2370 and the outer loop iterates to the top of the inner loop at decision block 2330. In this manner, all non-zero bits in the pointer shape are counted and returned to the calling routine.
As previously stated, the count of valid pointer table 1400 entries is carefully maintained. Entries are added to the table whenever a new application supplied pointer ID is discovered while processing mouse movement. FIG. 23 shows how the table is further maintained so that entries get removed when no longer needed. The routine in FIG. 23 gets called each time the operating system closes or shuts down an application. At entry, a check is made at decision block 2800 to see if any entries exists. If not, there is nothing to clean up and the routine ends at block 2880. If the table is not empty at decision block 2800, the process ID of the application being shut down is queried at block 2810. The number of valid entries is loaded at block 2820 and the table pointer is set to the first entry in pointer table 1400 at block 2830. A loop is then entered at decision block 2840 wherein each entry is tested to see if it is valid. If it is valid, the entry is tested at decision block to see if it belongs to the application being shut down. If so, the count of valid entries is decremented at block 2855 and the entry is removed from the table at block 2860. Regardless of the outcome of the test at decision 2850, the loop count is decremented at block 2865 and tested for zero 2870 at block. If not zero, there are still some valid entries in pointer table 1400 so the table pointer is incremented at block 2875 and the loop iterates back to decision block 2840. If a non-valid table entry is found at decision block 2840, the entry is ignored and the table pointer is incremented at block 2875 and again the loop iterates. Eventually, all valid entries are found and when the loop count goes to zero at block 2870, the loop exits and the routine ends at block 2880. Although pointer table 1400 is constructed to contain 250 entries, only a minimum number of entries are examined in most practical cases.
Referring to FIG. 24, there is illustrated the bitmap 2410 for the Windows™ hour glass pointer. Upon examining the hour glass pointer shape in FIG. 24, it can be observed that the hour glass is a `thin waisted` shape and in order for a mask to be effective, it too would have to have a thin waist. The wider the waist of the mask, the more rectangular the shape would become, resulting in a decrease of recognition accuracy. Also, as can be seen in FIGS. 26A and 26B, a misalignment of a the mask with the pointer shape can result in failure to recognize an hour glass pointer shape. FIG. 26A illustrates a bit array 2610 for a fine shape mask to an hour glass pointer, and FIG. 26B illustrates a bit array for an hour glass pointer 2620. Hour glass shape 2620 is still recognizable as an hour glass, but it is short and therefore has a low waist, as indicated at scan line midpoint 2630. Therefore, the wide top of hour glass pointer 2620 coincides with the waist, indicated at scan line midpoint 2640, of the mask of mask 2610 which would cause the recognition algorithm to fail due to non-zero bits outside the mask.
A potential problem with shape masks is that as they get larger, such as the hour glass mask in FIG. 26B, the greater the likelihood that some non-hour glass shape will fall under the mask. Although a high bit count threshold, on the order of one hundred fifty, might provide effective filtering, it is not necessarily effective in all cases. As unusual as the hour glass shape is, and even with a high bit threshold, some other shapes, for example the queen pointer shape of bitmap 2810 of FIG. 28, would pass both tests. Mistaking the queen pointer for a busy application would cause serious usability problems.
To account for these problems, the second embodiment employs a modified, albeit slightly longer, algorithm that uses a course 2510 and a fine mask 2520, shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, respectively, and takes pointer image symmetry into account, as shown in FIG. 27.
Referring to FIG. 27, it will be observed that hour glass pointer image 2710 is symmetrical about both its scan line midpoint 2715 and its column midpoint 2720. Scan line midpoint 2715 and column midpoint 2720 divide pointer image 2710 into four quadrants.
FIG. 19 shows the slightly modified logic of the second embodiment of the present invention. Upon entry to FIG. 19, the pointer shape has already been left and bottom justified and at block 2400 a test for any non-zero bit outside the course mask in made. The course mask is designed to eliminate a high percentage of non-hour glass pointers while permitting considerable license in the design of the hour glass. If any bit is set outside the course mask at decision block 2410, processing is halted and false is returned at block 2495. If no bits are set at decision block 2410, the pointer shape is centered over the fine mask block 2420.
FIG. 20 demonstrates the flow of the centering technique in order to eliminate the problem of scan line mismatches illustrated in FIGS. 26A and 26B. Two loops are entered in which the system counts the number of non-zero pointer scan lines at block 2500 and the number of non-zero pointer columns at block 2510. The resultant non-zero scan line and column counts are divided by 2 to calculate the midpoint of the pointer shape at block 2520. The midpoint of the fine shape mask is also calculated by taking those two known constants and dividing by 2 at block 2530. Then to find the difference between the two midpoints of the two comparands, the midpoint X and Y of the pointer shape is subtracted from the midpoint X and Y of the fine mask at block 2540. Note that the calculated X and Y displacements may be zero or a positive number, but may never be negative since the pointer shape cannot be larger than the fine mask.
Once the column (X) and the scan line (Y) displacement are known, the fine mask is left justified an amount equal to the column displacement at block 2550 and bottom justified an amount equal to the scan line displacement at block 2560. The net effect of these operations is to superimpose the midpoint of the fine mask over the midpoint of the pointer shape. The superimposition of the pointer shape and the fine mask permits the mask to have a smaller and more tightly contoured silhouette, thereby increasing recognition accuracy. The routine returns to the caller in at block 2570 passing the midpoint of the pointer to be used in the test for symmetry.
Referring again to FIG. 19, at block 2450 the system calls a subroutine to count the bits set under the fine mask by quadrant. FIG. 27 shows the order of the quadrants that share the midpoint of the pointer image as an origin. FIG. 22A is the subroutine that counts the bit under the fine mask by quadrant. The subroutine of FIG. 22A is identical to the previously described subroutine of FIG. 18 of the first embodiment that counts the bits under the mask, with the exception a separate bit counter is maintained for each quadrant. At block 2705, all 4 quadrant bit counters are cleared. Bit counting commences as in FIG. 18 by means of an inner and outer loop, however as non-zero bit are detected at decision block 2730, a subroutine is called at block 2732 to increment the quadrant count.
FIG. 22B shows the logic flow of determining in which quadrant a bit is located. At entry to the subroutine, three tests are made at decision blocks 2771, 2772, and 2773 to see if the column count and the scan line count are odd or even. In order to test for symmetry, the image must be divided into symmetrical halves and if there are an odd number of columns or scan lines, the center column or scan line must be ignored since it is the axis of symmetry. In the case of an even number of columns or scan lines, the actual line of symmetry falls between the two columns or rows and the computed midpoint column and row become part of quadrants 3 and 4, or 3 and 2, respectively. After establishing the relationship of the column and scan line counts, operations 2701-2704, 2706-2709, 2716-2719 and 2721-2724 act as sieves to determine in which quadrant the newly found bit falls. In the case of an odd column or scan line count, bits found on the axis of symmetry are not counted and logic simply returns at block 2763. Operations 2751-2754 increment the appropriate quadrant count and the subroutine returns at block 2763.
Upon return from the subroutine of FIG. 22B, the total number of non-zero bits is incremented at block 2735 of FIG. 22A. When all scan lines have been examined at decision block 2765, the outer loop exits and all bit counts get returned at block 2775 to the calling routine.
Referring again to FIG. 19, the testing of the bit count at decision block 2560 uses a threshold appropriate for the hour glass shape, empirically set at one hundred fifty bits. If the test fails, a negative result is returned at block 2495. Else, the pointer image is checked for symmetry at block 2470.
FIG. 21 charts the logic flow of the symmetry checking subroutine. At block 2600 the fine shape mask for the hour glass of FIG. 25B is queried to determine if any symmetry checks are required for this particular pointer shape. If no checks are required at decision block 2610, the system simply returns to the caller a positive indication for symmetry at block 2680. In the case of the hour glass, both column and scan line symmetry are required so the operation at decision block 2620 tests true and the logic falls through to block 2630 where the columns bit counts on each side the column symmetry line are added together. These two counts are compared and if they differ by more than three pels at decision block 2640, the two sides are considered asymmetrical and the subroutine returns a negative indication at block 2690. Else, a check is made to see if scan line symmetry must also be checked at decision block 2650. If not, the subroutine exits with a positive return at block 2680. Otherwise, operation 2660 is executed wherein the quadrant bit counts on each side of the scan line symmetry line are added. If these two counts differ by more than three bits at decision block 2670, the pointer is considered to be asymmetrical in the vertical axis and a negative result is returned at block 2690. Else, the subroutine returns true to the calling routine at block 2680. If the queen pointer FIG. 28 was being tested, it would fail the test for symmetry in the horizontal axis.
Referring again to FIG. 19, processing the return of called subroutine, a test is made for the required symmetry at decision block 2480 and a true or false indication is returned accordingly, at blocks 2490 or 2495, respectively.
This modification incurs a slight performance penalty from having to process a second mask, superimposing the two images and checking symmetry, however the penalty is mitigated by the increased reliability of the recognition algorithm. The penalty is further mitigated by having the symmetry check be conditional by pointer type.
From the foregoing, it may be seen that the present invention is well adapted to accomplish the recognition of pointer shapes. Given that the text pointer shape must approximate a shape of an I-beam, the invention examines the bitmap of the pointer for the purpose of performing optical recognition to determine if the pointer shape has the visual appearance of an I-beam. The pointer shape is tested against a mask of an I-beam that permits a good amount of variation in I-beam size, shape and features while rejecting any shape that is not a reasonable facsimile of an I-beam.
The invention takes into consideration many variables. For example, multiple display resolutions, e.g., VGA, SVGA and XGA resolution display drivers, may each have different pointer bitmap sizes (e.g. 32�32, 40�40). The difference in pointer resolution is made transparent to the recognition algorithm by selecting a shape mask based on pointer size. The invention is unaffected by the use of color in a mouse pointer. Variation in color is ignored and the pointer is treated as if it were monochrome.
A pointer shape is not a standard bitmap. A pointer bitmap actually consists of two masks, the XOR and the AND mask, along with an array of color index values that combine to produce a pointer shape image that is transparent except for the desired pointer shape. The pointer shape maybe coded into either the XOR or AND mask or both. The XOR mask is normally zeroes and the shape is encoded by converting zero bits to one bits. Conversely, the AND mask is normally all ones and gets converted to zeroes to encode the shape.
The 32�32 pel pointer shape contains 1024 pels of which 18 or so may be used to define the shape. The designer of the pointer is free to encode the pointer anywhere within the boundary of the bitmap. To circumvent this problem, the invention locates the pointer image within the bitmap and then relocates the image to the bottom left of the bitmap.
The invention allows considerable license for creative I-beam shapes while rejecting non-I-beam shapes with high certainty. To increase accuracy, some pointer shapes may require extra operations in the recognition process where the pointer shape being tested is precisely aligned with a higher resolution mask. And to provide even more stringent filtering, pointer shapes that are symmetrical in either the vertical or horizontal axes or both, the system may search for these symmetries in the pointer shape under test.
Bitmaps are built to accommodate fast transfers at the device driver level. Therefore the top-leftmost bit ends up as the bottom-leftmost bit in the binary format. In addition, bitmaps are bytes arrays which means that two bits that are contiguous in the image may be separated by 15 bits if they cross a byte boundary. All of this requires significant bit manipulation of the bitmap prior to processing. Two consecutive bits can become discontiguous when treating the bitmap data as 32-bit data instead of 8-bit data. Therefore, the invention reformats the bitmap data from 8-bit to 32-bit alignment.
Pen-based systems have very stringent performance requirements that do not allow computationally intensive operations such as optical recognition on a mouse-move or pen-down event basis for all application defined pointers. The process of classifying application defined pointers as text or non-text pointer shapes is optimized to point of having no discernible effect on system responsiveness or performance.
Although the preferred embodiment of the invention uses optical recognition of the I-beam pointer shape to distinguish text window areas from non-text window areas, the invention may be embodied in any task where the operating system would benefit from knowing, as does the user, the specific state of an application as a pointing device traverses said application. A second embodiment is described that uses recognition of an hour-glass or clock to determine when an application is currently busy and unable to process user input.
Although two specific embodiments have been disclosed, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that changes can be made to these specific embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, these embodiments are for the purpose of example and illustration only and are not to be taken to limit the scope of the invention or narrow the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|May 31, 1996
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ZETTS, J. MARK;REEL/FRAME:008034/0922
Effective date: 19960528
|Dec 7, 1999
|Certificate of correction
|Nov 13, 2002
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 28, 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jun 24, 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20030427


text:
Derby County defender Alex Pearce has had his say on new manager Steve McClaren's impact after his first game back in charge.
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Unlike other phones with a similar screen size, the large 5.7" display fits in your hand, giving you a big screen experience without the inconvenience of a big phone. The LG G6 is sculpted from aluminum and glass and is available in platinum and black. The 18:9 FullVision display with rounded corners and narrow bezels conclude the harmonious design.
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Welcome to Melissa and Julia's Gift Registry Page.
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Calculating Rates....
Area: Miramar Beach
This beloved four bedroom hospitable vacation home can accommodate up to 23 lucky beach going guests. It is the definition of charming with a lovely 19th century Americana style that includes a wide covered porch, a quaint decorative columned veranda up above on the second floor, and a portico open balcony on the top third level. You have lots of space to enjoy the "ocean breeze" although in this case it comes from the jewel toned waters of the glistening gulf, which is just a short distance away. Ocean Breeze is located in the well-established residential community of Gulf Pines, which is tucked away in a wonderful world of its own in the heart of Miramar Beach and nestled between Hidden Dunes and Sandestin. This sought after location right off Emerald Coast Parkway places you minutes away from grocery stores, wine outlets, popular beachside restaurants, family amusements at the Village of Baytowne Wharf and bargain shopping at Silver Sands, which is the largest discount designer outlet in America.
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text:
All of the great houses ultimately collapse, whether it's the Borgia's or the Kennedy's, the Medici's or the Romanov's. Thus, the house of Williams is destined to collapse one day, and it may be sooner than we expect, partly because we secretly expect dynasties to last forever and partly because we admire, unconsciously or openly, the audacity they represent.
It's worth thinking about, now that Venus Williams has declared herself out of action for the rest of the year because of the lingering effects of a knee sprain she suffered in the summer -- an incapacity that has allowed her to play exactly one tournament in the past six months.
This was a particularly untimely development because Williams had gotten off to one of her best starts ever in 2010. At one point, her match record was 18-1, with two tournament wins (Doha and Acapulco). But even in those heady days, when it seemed like, at age 30, Williams might become the year-end No. 1 for the first time in her career, there were questions. Most of those revolved around her performance at the majors.
Na Li played well to beat Williams in the quarterfinals of the Australian Open, and Williams was issued a routine loss (6-4, 6-3) by Nadia Petrova in the fourth round of the French Open. She was banished from Wimbledon -- a tournament she has won five times, and where her game is most deadly -- at the quarterfinal stage by Bulgarian world No. 82 Tsvetana Pironkova.
It was that 6-2, 6-3 loss that convinced even some ardent Williams fans that the seven-time Grand Slam champion might no longer have the requisite degree of hunger it takes to win majors, despite her impressive early-season run. It's hunger, more than talent or strategy, that inspires players to accomplish great things. In some ways, the knee injury is emblematic of her larger general decline. How does Williams fail to win even a set against Petrova and Pironkova in back-to-back Grand Slam events?
But being a Williams, Venus still had a surprise in store. She had a terrific run at the U.S. Open, in which she lasted until the semis before losing to Kim Clijsters, 6-4, in the third. The main question became: Was that brave performance at the U.S. Open her swan song, and if so what will be the effect on the career of her younger sister and best friend, Serena? Let's remember, it takes great deal longer to build a great house than it takes for that house to come crashing down.
I tried to get some feedback on this from Carlos Fleming, Venus' agent at IMG, via e-mail, but all he would say about her future was, "Venus will make comment in due course, however the timing now is not the best or ideal. This is also something that should come from Venus and not from me."
I would have felt more confident about Venus' immediate tennis future if he had written something like, "What are you, nuts? Of course she's going to be out there in 2011. She's already drawing up a day-to-day workout chart!"
All we really know is that in 2010 Venus played some brilliant tennis in the first half but took some bad losses in the second and third majors of the year. She made a strong, if isolated, statement at the last major but failed to make the final. If Venus plays next year, she'll be 31 with a rich history of injury by the time Wimbledon rolls around. Is the house of Williams, so long the dominant feature of the WTA landscape, crumbling?
The day after Venus announced her decision to forgo the rest of 2010, Serena booked a last-minute reservation for a tournament in Linz, Austria. What do family dynasties do in times of crisis? They circle the wagons. Great houses don't collapse without making a lot of noise.


text:
Ford S-MAX 2.0 TDCi 150 Zetec 5dr
Vehicle Description
This was our Managing Director's car, it's an amazingly spacious 7 seater. The first service is due and will be carried out by us.
Ford S-MAX 2.0 TDCi 150 Zetec 5dr
- Body Type: MPV
- Gearbox: Manual
- Registered: 2016
- Fuel Type: Diesel
- Mileage: 11526
- Engine Size: 1997
- Finished in: Blue
Vehicle Specification
Body Glass
Electric Front And Rear Windows + One Touch + Global Open/closing
Front Variable Intermittent Wipers With Electric Wash
Heated Windscreen + Heated Windscreen Washer Jets
Tailgate Wash/wipe
Tinted Glass
Electronic Parking Brake
Front Carpet Mats
Bluetooth Hands Free Phone With Voice Control System
Driver Aids
Front And Rear Park Assist
Driver Convenience
Easy Fuel Capless Refuelling System
Driver Information
SYNC Emergency Assistance
Driving Mirrors
Body Colour Electric/folding/heated Door Mirrors With Puddle Lights
Diesel Particulate Filter
8 Speakers
Remote Audio Controls On Steering Wheel
DAB Digital Radio
Exterior Body Features
Body Colour Door Handles
Body Coloured Bumpers
Solid Paint
Exterior Lights
Automatic Illuminating Hazard Lights In Sudden Deceleration
Daytime Running Lights
Front Fog Lights
LED Rear Lights
Dual Air Conditioning With Automatic Temperature Electronic Control
Interior Features
12V Accessory Sockets - Front And Rear
4 Spoke Leather Steering Wheel
Chrome Finish To Interior Door Handles
Front Under Seat Storage
Leather Gear Knob
Manhattan Cloth Upholstery
Overhead Console With Sunglasses Holder
Reach + Rake Adjustable Steering Column
Rear Stowage Boxes
Satin Black Centre Console With Cupholders
Tie Down Hooks In Luggage Area
Tonneau Cover
Interior Lights
Front And Rear Courtesy Reading Lights
Front Overhead Courtesy Lights With Theatre Style Dimming And Delay
Illuminated Entry System
3 Point Seatbelts On All Seats
Driver/Front Passenger Airbags
Drivers Knee Airbag
Front And Rear (row 2) Curtain Airbags
Front Side Airbags
Intelligent Protection System (IPS)
MyKey System
Passenger Airbag Deactivate Switch
Rear Child Proof Door Locks
Tyre Pressure Monitoring System
2 Individual Folding 3rd Row Seats
3 Individual Fold Flat 2nd Row Seats
Drivers Seat With Electric Height Adjustment + Manual Lumbar Support
Front Passenger Seat Manual Height Adjustment With Lumbar Support
Height Adjustable Head Restraints
Isofix Rear Child Seat Preparation In 2nd Row
Sports Front Seats
Locking Wheel Nuts
Remote Control Central/double Locking
Thatcham Category 1 Alarm System With Perimetric + Volumetric Protection
Keyless Start
Wheels - Alloy
17" Multi-spoke Alloy Wheels
Wheels - Spare
Space Saver Spare Wheel
Ford SYNC 2 With 8" Colour Touch Screen
Electric Tailgate Release
- Engine Power: 150 bhp
- Engine Torque: 258 lbs/ft
- Cylinders: 4
- Valves per Cylinder: 4
- Top Speed: 123 mph
- Acceleration (0 - 62 mph): 10.8 seconds
- Fuel Consumption (extra urban): 61.4 mpg
- Fuel Consumption (urban): 50.4 mpg
- Fuel Consumption (combined): 56.5 mpg
- CO2 Emissions: 129 g/km
- Length: 4796 mm
- Width: 2137 mm
- Height: 1655 mm
- Weight: 2530 kg
- Euro Status: EURO 6
- Seats: 7
- Towing Braked: 2000 kg
- Towing Unbraked: 750 kg
- Min Kerb Weight: 1824 kg
- NCAP Safety: 71
- NCAP Overall: 5


text:
A great way to slow down and enjoy life. Excellent food for dinner and GREAT Breakfast!
If you were to ask us to choose between the Greenbrier Resort or General Lewis Inn, the inn wins for us.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Boutique Lodging in an Historic and Lovely Inn. We offer the modern traveler gracious service, a tranquil garden, a farm to table restaurant; Jefferson Dining Room, a cocktail bar; Thistle Lounge, and a lovely gift shoppe filled with silk and cashmere robes, spa products, and treasures. We welcome you seven days a week. ... more less
- Also Known As:
- General Lewis Hotel Lewisburg


text:
56 West Main St.
Norwich, NY 13815
Over the years, owners of a Mody Company Speed Pitching Booth have been kind enough to email me about the success they are enjoying. Below are some of my favorites!
I did a Taste of Downtown, like in Chicago, it was the best of the 3 years that I have done this event. Also Gus Macker was in town so that really helped. Was busy from noon to 9:oo p.m. when I said that was it and decided to call it quits. Was busy the intire time and sometimes we counldn't keep up on the inflatibles being blown up. Lucky I had my son, he hit 85 mph, and my wife. Did over $700 for the day and this lead to Sunday at the Gus Macker for 5 hrs. even if it was a lot slower. I had a 32 y.o. guy hit 90 mph seveal times in 15 throws and it was awsome and he doesn't even play ball since college. All I can say is it was a awsome weekend.
Subject: First show
Received: 08/24 9:26 PM
From: ProRadar
We set our booth up (for the first time) at the mall. We were there Friday and Saturday from 10am until 9 pm and Sunday 11 to 6. We made a total of $1206. After paying our rent to the mall, insurance and prizes we came away with about $800 profit. Pretty good, huh? I also booked two fundraisers and gave out several business cards. I learned a lot about the operation of the booth. We had people non stop. It was a great weekend. The fastest pitch for guys was 82 mph by a senior high school pitcher and 59 for women by an ex-softball player. The mall has already asked us to come back for their kids christmas party and their fathers day extravaganza. We ran out of our mlb and nfl prizes on Sunday and gave away cold gatorade, but people did not seem to care if they got a prize or not!
Did two more shows. One Labor Day weekend in a very small town called Oak Creek. I gave away the inflatable NFL and MLB stuff. It was a huge success. I made $900 and only worked 11a-5pm all three days. Another was a big festival this weekend. I made $850. It was good except the power kept going out. I lost about $200 because of the power. Not too happy about that but....not bad money for two days of work. Thought I would let everyone know that I have had great success with the inflatable NFL footballs. Everyone seems to like them. I get them from RI Novelty and they cost about 60 cents each. Plus I give away MLB and NFL stickers and Tatoos to anyone who doesn't win. The parent's like it and they are not too expensive (from Play by Play). They have the WWJD stuff too and that is "in" here! The lanyards are great prizes. Everyone seems to like them and they don't take up much room. Just thought I would let you know......we are pretty happy!! Thanks.
Mike and Lori
Hey Tom, On Friday I was at an Air Force Base for 4 hours in the afternoon and evening. I was paid a flat fee. I went for a pretty low fee because I wasn't sure what to expect. The Panama City festival turned into a two day event when they decided that all vendors had to be in place by Saturday afternoon to avoid traffic problems on Sunday. Saturday was slow because they only had a couple of bands playing between 6 and 10 p.m. Sunday was a whole different story. It cranked up at 1pm and was steady, though light until about 6pm. From 6pm till 9pm I was jammed up and got no break at all. Then the fireworks went up and after that the line reformed and I stayed busy for another hour. I grossed over $700 dollars and was pretty happy.
Hi Tom:, I purchased a speed booth set up from you a couple of years ago and we are doing great! I was interested in buying the pop up cage system and I was wondering a couple of things. How strong is it, does it hold up to ball hitting it? And what is the cost? Thanks, Chris Herie
Subject: Update
Sent: 07/21 6:43 PM
From: Jeff Laroux,
Hi Tom, It's that time of year again when the wheels are turning and everything is in motion. This years numbers are better than last. The family (my wife and children aged 13 and 11) and I worked for 4 days and grossed over $1,600.00 CDN. From that amount, we gave a local volunteer fire department almost $200. I paid the kids a paltry sum of $25 each plus whatever other money they requested, paid our overhead and came out with almost $1,000 clear. That was all in four days. My "normal" job nets me approximately $1,100 every 15 days. So if anyone has their doubts that they cannot make any money at this, have fun and meet some great people, they need to have another look.
Keep in mind that this area is really rural, we are making some real progress. Besides, I gained 2 additional bookings. One is for July 31st in a very small community and another for August 28, when the Budweiser Caravan will be in the local area. They should help promote the business immensely.
Thanks again,
Jeff Leroux -Gagetown, New Brunswick Canada
Thanks for the info. I put together something from your web page that I think will work. Did a church festival yesterday and did a little over $270 for 6 hours. Kids kept me busy with the $4 all day special and I had to stop for ten minutes to rest but we all had a lot of fun. Later, George
Hi Tom! The Radar Gun is great!! I controled the speed limit in front of our house ( speed limit of 30 km/h ) - the cars was faster than 75 km/h I can't belive it!! So today the police checkde the speed and a lot of drivers loos there driving licence ! Thats good !! Greadings from Germany, Dino
Hi Tom: I just wanted you to know that I had a pretty good season last year and I am looking forward to this one. I was wondering if you could let me know the price of the Sponsor Pledge Sheets, both the Kick-A-Thon and Pitch-A-thon. These are the duplicate forms. Also, I was wondering if you also have the awards certificates and how much they cost. Also any prizes you might suggest for Fund Raisers. Thanks.
Tom... Just wanted to drop you a line letting you know how we've done so far with our speed pitching booth. Our first outing was July 4th at a small festival where we took in $232, far and above our expectations.
Just this past weekend i set up at a baseball tournament on Friday night and all day saturday. The tournament had about 35 teams all at one location. We grossed just under $600. Tournament officials loved it, plus i feel i may end up gaining a pitch-a-thon or two out of it also. Have already lined up several dates with a local dirt track to set up along with some more festivals, plus a soccer tourney in the spring with at least 150 teams in it. What does the small "A" tent by itself cost. May want to get one for smaller events i'm trying to do by myself. Thanks ...Paul Lamb
Hey Tom ... Remember a long time ago when I talked about getting to set up at some of the Panama City Beach resorts someday? (probably not). Well I am going to be at one of the premere resorts beginnig the Friday leading into the Memorial Day weekend. If things are good I'll be there the whole four days. They gave me the choice of where I wanted to set up, so I will be at their main entrance to the beach.
They asked me to put together a flyer that they can give to their guest. Have you put together this type flyer before, if so, could you fax me a copy? I have some ideas, but like to bounce them against anything you may have done.
I am going to charge $2 for 5 throws. This IS a major resort. But I am considering doing a $5 for all day fee also. What do you think? I am also thinking of a Fast Pitch contest. During the day anyone can enter by paying $1 more. At the end of the day the five fastest pitchers will go head to head and collect the pot of entrance fees. Have you ever done anything like this and what are your thoughts.
You might also be interested to know that I am pretty well booked for July. I will be at celebration festivals on the 4th and 5th. On the 24th - 27th I will be at the Little League World Series playoffs for the state of Florida. It is being sponsored locally by one of our leagues. In between I am at different tournaments and fun days. I am even booked into events in October and November already.
Tom... Just wanted to update you. Last Sunday I did really good, took in about $400 in 6 hours including drive time and setup. A little disappointed about the big tournament this weekend. Was at a 10 field location but only did $350 for the weekend, I think it was the location. Even their concession stand didn't do much. Live and learn, right!!!! Thanks ... Bob Wiseman
Hi Tom, I can't believe the response I have gotten. Have heard from 4 more tourneys today and a couple of small events yesterday. i am telling people I am getting a huge response and they are all going to get back to me within the week. I also have gotten two board members to verify that i am a good guy. One is from a huge league in Philly and one is from a league here in NJ. The guy down in Philly has told me he wants me for their two big tourneys one at Labor Day about 180-200 teams and there really big one over Thanksgiving 250-300 teams. Oh ya one other thing, I talked to my college soccer coach and wnats me to go to, ready for this, South Dakota and maybe do this in the fall. Thats wher I went to college and was a pretty good soccer player (all conference 2 years) Jeez i just might do it... Jeff
Thanks again Tom......further update.......on the last day, Wednesday, July 1st (same as your July 4th, we took in another $680....WOW! All this from a small community. Our "Speeders" board was a great attention grabber. In the "Gals" 21-30 age bracket, we had a couple of sisters square off.....first 60 mph...then the younger sister threw at 63 mph. Ask me if the crowd wasn't buzzing after that. Again, thanks for the all of your assistance!... Jeff
Hi Tom, Just a note to let you know that I have talked to 3 Little League saveraging 500-800 kids per league) and they are all very interested in the Pitch A Thon. Also, one has asked me if I would set up for their tournament at the end of the year. They are hosting the regional tournament and this will run for two weeks. I haven't even talked to the other leagues in the area. I told them that if they wanted to do this that I needed to start setting the dates up. I also am going to do a card show, mainly for exposure. The show is giving me a space and is using it to draw people to the event. This is only the second year for the show. I hope that it does well... Dave.
During my years of operating my booths I wrote a hard copy newsletter for owners and prospects. Much of the operational content is still applicable today.
New Item Review, Early Event Scouting, Fund Raise Nationally, Product Watch, Email bag
Volume 18
New Contact Info, Display Tips, Start-Up Strategy, Cage "B" Consideration,
Volume 17
E-mail WOW!, Planning Refocus, Set-Up Tips, Spicing It Up, News & Notes.
Volume 16
Holiday Blues, Promotion Possiblities, Work In A Pinch, Booth Records, News & Notes.
Volume 15
Content Consisteny, Proper Planning, Easy Events, Cash Considerations, Winning.
Volume 14
Element Protection, Local Prosperity, Customer Types, You Never Know, Raffle.
Volume 13
More Internet Pitches, Obscure Opportunities, Fair Hints, Prizes & Profits, Cage Safety
Volume 12
Make It Known, Planning Propmptly, Seizing Moments, Event Tips, Safety Tips, Taxes.
Volume 11
Indoor Soccer, Cool Prizes, Money Matters, Fundraising Nationally, Signage, Prize Ideas.
Volume 10
Photo Opportrunities, Family Business Ideas, Successful Fundraising, Gun Settings.
Volume 9
Writing Contracts, Work When You Want,
Prize References, News & Notes.
Volume 8
State Fair Preview, Soccer Event Tips, My Summer Of Soccer, Safety, Relationships.
Volume 7
Exposure, Not So Perfect Events, Expense Tips, Expansion, Cash Keeping,
Volume 6
Pro Pitcher Demonstration, Soccer Update, Mall Work, Fundraising Distribution.
Volume 5
Raffle Promotions, Multiple Sport Uses, Business Promotin Ideas.
Volume 4
Pitch-A-Thon Update, Business Matters, Pricing Options, Accepting Flat Fees.
Volume 3
Spring Planning, 2 Years & 100 Events, Hiring Workers, Humorous Moments,
Battery Tips, Tax Deductions.
Volume 2
Fastest Speeds Ever, Prize Evolution, Strategies, On Site Solicitation.
Volume 1
Firts Issue Introduction, 1993 Publishers Review, Making More Net Profit, Load In Tip.


text:
Hello guys, anyone of you have user manual of Alto Eco Idle Stop 2014? please share it here,,, thanks
Dear guys, i want to know how to activate this call recieve button... i tried any possiblity with buttons but it is not working.
bro i need some suggestions / how can i contact u ?
Brother i dont think there is any compatibility b/w this button and your device. I am still thinking about getting a frequency converter to get local radio stations.
Sent from my iPhone using PW Forums
Can you tell more about this frequency converter to work the JDM stock radios with local frequencies ?
whats the price and where can i get it ?
Bhai Rs. 200 ka milta hai, it is called as "Dibbi" available in auto stereo market...
Bro please tell me where is engine no of alto 2012 model 660cc is written and how much digits are there in engine # so that when i look for it i get correct no. I need it for registration purpose. Please reply of anybody know
Please somebody tel me the loc of engine # in engine compartment of suzuki ato 2012 model japnese 660 cc
What is this button for ???
I think it is for pressing...
Lolz .. Jokes apart. I mean what function it activates after pressing it
My Alto is arriving in few days, will definitely check this button for u inshAllah...
U will find engine no at location shown by this link. It is engraved on the engine block.
Experts opinion needed
What if I install CNG in my Suzuki alto 660 JDM and I don't use A/C with it and i dont take more then only 3 passengers plus one driver will it still damage the engine on CNG...
Very bad idea...
Better to sell it and find some local car with CNG...
hey one of my teachers had a 08 alto jdm and it was fine for 2 years now it had devloped a starting issue see the car used to run fine all the time but when taken to long route and parked for the night car won't start in the morning and it would fire up when brake was pressed pre starting in afternoontaken to different mechs in city and most of them giving theories even we were worried to how to get this checkedno check light no nothing and mehcs said its fine ji japni gaddi hai tried to change injectors well bought kabli injectors but hesitated to change as we wanted to confirm what is the problem with the car before tarring it apart by an ustad jeestory goes car was taken it to an known electrician he gave TB service and injectors cleaning took out fuel pump etcall was done and in the end he found something exhaust valve tappets were jammed he adjusted all tappets and car is fine no issue of starting i mean most guys on pw say iski tuning nahi karwao but man valve clearances need to be done even on K6A after some timei am sharing this as some other encounters this issue so problem can be solved without changing any thing
I have alto JDM 2012 model ... Car is in very good condition ... I want to replace its rear seat ... I want rear seat with head rests ... Do i need to replace complete seat or only its back ? If any body can tell me cost involved in this procedure ?
beauty <3
hey what would you suggust ? new EFI mehran or 2005 model JDM Alto ?


text:
The elderly comprise one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. While many treat the elderly with respect, others exploit this vulnerability in a variety of ways when acting as healthcare workers or elderly care providers. It is extremely unfortunate that over 250,000 elderly adults are believed neglected or abused every year, according to information provided by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Of course, it is not always easy to spot abuse or neglect in the nursing home. Your loved one may be too embarrassed or afraid to speak out. The following provides some of the warning signs of nursing home abuse as well as what steps you can take to put an end to it and recover damages in Bristol.
Signs of Nursing Home Abuse
The warning signs of nursing home abuse may vary depending on the type – physical abuse or sexual abuse – and severity.
According to information from the Administration on Aging, some common warning signs of elder abuse include:
- poor hygiene or lack of appropriate clothing.
- sudden decrease in weight.
- lack of necessary medical supplies.
- unexplained bruises, fractures, burns or other injuries.
- untreated sores or pressure ulcers.
- or, residence in a poorly equipped long-term care facility.
Additionally, lack of supervision can also constitute elder neglect. Caregivers must provide and supervise the elderly patient, and leaving the patient alone for extended periods of time, or without adequate supplies, can be a sign of abuse.
With this, if your loved one has experienced a sudden change in financial circumstances, this may also highlight abuse. Some caregivers exploit elderly patients by convincing them to sign over bank accounts or other financial assets, using coercive or abusive methods.
Reporting Elder Abuse
If you suspect elder abuse has occurred, the first step to putting an end to it is by removing your loved one from the situation. Once the elderly individual is safe and has received medical treatment for any injuries, report the instance of elder abuse to the Pennsylvania Department of Aging by calling its hotline: 800-490-8505. This hotline is operational 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and reports of elder abuse can remain anonymous.
Call a Nursing Home Abuse and Neglect Attorney to Pursue Compensation
Keeping your loved one safe and reporting the abuse or neglect are two important steps, but this may still leave your loved one with serious injuries that require costly medical treatment; if financial exploitation occurred, your loved one may no longer possess adequate funds to provide for the future.
Contact the nursing home abuse and neglect lawyers at Cordisco & Saile LLC in Bristol. We believe that elderly patients should be treated with the utmost respect in the nursing home, and we can help you file a claim to recover compensation for any damages incurred as a result of abuse or neglect. Contact us today at 215-642-2335 to discuss the specifics of your case and to learn how you can begin pursuing legal action.


text:
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text:
Interestingly, I think that both answers are reductive. Teachers are born and made. There's no question that there are people who can step into a classroom and manage it, engage the kids and make the classroom an enjoyable place to be. And there are teachers for whom learning how to manage the classroom is a difficult, even torturous process. But what we're talking about is really just one part of being a teacher. Can you connect naturally with kids? Is that important? Of course it is. Very important. Kids who connect with a teacher will work for and with that teacher more easily.
But there is more to teaching than that. There's the craft of teaching, of learning how to structure a unit so that it's a cohesive whole, so that the ideas come together with skills and kids can end the unit and speak to what and how they've learned. There's the craft of thinking about curriculum in ways that make it much easier for students to understand what they learn, why they learn and how they learn. That comes with study, that comes with dedicating ones' self to the craft of teaching. And that often starts, for those "born" teachers, the first time you realize that those kids who are listening to you don't yet understand what they are doing or why they are doing it, except that they are doing it for you, which is, of course the wrong reason for a student to do anything.
Teachers aren't made or born. Teachers — good and great teachers — learn that the best way to improve as a teacher is to bring the authentic sense of themselves to the classroom and combine that with careful and deliberate study of the craft of teaching to become the best teacher they can be.
My Response:
I agree with a few before me that teachers are made as well as born or they can be neither. As a student currently in the process of becoming a teacher I have all the confidence in the world that this is what I am meant to do with my life, but I still lack the actual experience itself to learn and improve from. I anticipate feeling overwhelmed and confused at times in the future otherwise, if I do not then I am not challenging myself enough to be as good as I can possibly be. Those who do not grow and learn from situations cannot possibly be progressing. Some teachers will not be made, however. I have met my fair share of Education majors who seem to be drifting through the process and going through the motions. Simply earning the prize does not necessarily mean that you know what to do with it.
Likewise, not all future teachers are "born" with the talent, but this does not mean that he or she can not realize it down the road. Looking back on my childhood I guess I was always monitoring the activity of my playmates and always trying to encourage them to do new things, but I still faced defeat that MADE me learn how to find success in the future. Just because someone is born with the likeness and the talent to educate others does not mean that it's a bad thing to help mold them into what they desire.