text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 27, 1988
|Filing date
|Jun 1, 1987
|Priority date
|Jun 1, 1987
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Joe D. Allison
|Original Assignee
|Conoco Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (21), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The problem of fluid loss to highly porous underground formations penetrated by a well has, of course, been long recognized. These highly permeable zones are often called thief zones. In water or steam stimulation operations, for example, a serious problem is often encountered because a very small interval of the total production zone may be taking 80 percent or more of the total injected fluid. When this happens, the benefit of the injection project may be lost or greatly reduced.
An isolated high-permeability zone or fracture can be plugged at the well bore face by a shallow layer of applied cement, though such a permanent, relatively irrevocable technique often is undesirable. More desirably, a communicating high-permeability zone is plugged to some considerable depth in order to prevent flood water from otherwise merely flowing around a narrow shallow plug and back into the high-permeability or swept zone. Indepth plugging of a relatively high-permeability zone converts the zone into a much lower permeability zone. Then, subsequently injected flood water or other fluid will tend to enter the formerly by-passed, but now relatively more permeable, hydrocarbon-bearing zones and thus mobilize increased amounts of hydrocarbons therefrom.
Various methods have been used in the past to achieve indepth gelling, such as gelable systems triggered by a following aqueous acidic solution injection for subsequent pH adjustment. However, injecting an acidic solution following the polymer solution may result in gelation occurring so rapidly that a sufficient indepth plugging is not effectively obtained in the most permeable strata where desired. In another method, water, a polymer and a cross-linking agent capable of gelling the polymer, such as a sequestered polyvalent metal cation, are admixed, and, just before injection into an underground formation, an acid is added thereto to effect gelation. But, when the acid is pre-mixed with the gelable composition, the gelation can be too fast, making it necessary to shear the gelled polymer in order to be able to obtain adequate injection, which reduces effectiveness of the gel.
Indepth gelling has also been effected by the controlled gelation of sodium silicate. Also, polymers have previously been gelled in permeable zones by borate ions supplied in various ways.
According to this invention, permeability of a highly permeable zone in a subterranean formation is reduced by introducing into the formation an aqueous solution of a water soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of polyalkylenimines and polyalkylenepolyamines, mixtures thereof and a cross-linking agent containing difunctional groups which are capable of cross-linking with and gelling said polymers.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,216,307; 4,309,324 and 4,374,243 disclose that polyhexamethylenimine is useful as a gelling agent for organic liquids.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,469 discloses an adhesive composition comprising a solution of polyethylenimine containing an aldehyde which causes the solution to gel or form gel particles. The solution also contains water soluble carboxylic acid to inhibit gel formation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,009 discloses the cross-linking between polyethylenimine and glutaraldehyde.
"MONTREK" polyethylenimine products, a brochure published by Dow Chemical Co., discloses the reaction of polyethylenimine with aldehydes, ketones, alkyl halides, isocyanates, thioisocyanates, activated double bonds, epoxides, cyanamides and acids.
The drawing is a schematic flow diagram (partially in cross-section) of an apparatus arrangement which illustrates the method for carrying out the invention.
Referring now to the drawing, there is provided a well bore 16 penetrating an earth formation 14 and a streak or zone 22 of high permeability. Well 16 is preferably provided with packing means 20 to isolate zone 22. An aqueous solution of polymer, such as polyethylenimine, is introduced through lines 2 and 8, passing through pump 10 and line 12 into well bore 16. The polymer entering the well passes downwardly through tubing string 18 and enters formation 22. The cationic characteristics of this material cause it to be adsorbed onto the formation rock.
Waterflood water (usually formation water) is then injected into the formation in a similar manner via line 4. The water serves to clean the well bore and the adjacent formation of polyethylenimine to prevent premature gelling in these locations upon introduction of the gelling agent. In the next step, a cross-linking gelling agent containing difunctional groups, such as glutaraldehyde, is injected into the formation in a corresponding manner through line 6. The cross-linking agent reacts with the adsorbed polymer and leaves additional reactive groups open for further reaction. A second water injection is then carried out via line 4. Finally, additional polymer is injected through line 2. This additional material reacts with the open reactive groups of the cross-linking agent in the formation to form a cross-linked gel system. If desired, the foregoing steps can be repeated to obtain any desired degree of permeability reduction. Thus, in a water flood operation where zone 22 has previously passed a major portion of the fluids injected into the formation, these fluids are now forced into other zones which contain oil thereby increasing the production of oil from the formation.
In the procedure illustrated by the drawing, the cross-linking agent and water soluble polymer are separately introduced into the subterranean formation. However, with certain precautions (discussed later), these materials may be combined outside the formation.
The water soluble polymers which are used in the practice of the invention are selected from the class consisting of polyalkylenimines, polyalkylenepolyamines and mixtures thereof. The preferred polyalkylenepolyamines are the polymeric condensates of lower molecular weight polyalkylenepolyamines and a vicinal dihaloalkane. The polyalkylenimines are best illustrated by polymerized ethylenimine or propylenimine. The polyalkylenepolyamines are exemplified by polyethylene and polypropylenepolyamines.
The above described water soluble polymers are generally used in this invention in amounts of about 0.1% to 50% by weight based upon the weight of the polymer and water combination and preferably in amoiunts between about 2% and about 6%.
Additional details concerning these polymers and their method of preparation may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,491,049 which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Any difunctional compounds which are capable of reacting with and cross-linking the above described polymers may be used in the process of the invention. Included are such compounds as difunctional aldehydes, ketones, alkyl halides, isocyanates, compounds with activated double bonds and carboxylic acids. These compounds and their reactions with the amine groups of the polyalkylenimine and polyalkylenepolyamine polymers are illustrated by the following reactions: ##STR1## Where R is straight chain or branched alkyl containing 0 to about 4 carbon atoms. ##STR2## Where R and R1 are straight chain or branched alkyl, R contains 0 to about 2 carbon atoms and R1 contains 0 to about 4 carbon atoms. ##STR3## Where X is halogen and R is straight chain or branched alkyl containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. ##STR4## Where R is straight chain or branched alkyl containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. ##STR5## Where X is a reactive group such as halogen, oxygen, nitro, etc and R is straight chain or branched alkyl containing 0 to about 2 carbon atoms. ##STR6## Where R is straight chain or alkyl containing 0 to about 4 carbon atoms.
Specific difunctional cross-linking agents include such compounds as glutaraldehyde, succinaldehyde, 2,4-pentadione, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,3-diisocyanopropane, dimethylketene and adipic acid.
The difunctional cross-linking agents can be used in amounts from about 0.1 percent to about 10 percent by weight of the polymer, but preferably are employed in amounts between about 2 percent and about 4 percent by weight. A water carrier is normally provided for the cross-linking agent, usually in an amount to provide a concentration of cross-linking agent between about 0.2 percent and about 30 percent by weight.
The reactivity of the cross-linking agents and polymers will vary widely depending on the amounts and the particular materials used. For example, glutaraldehyde, even in very small quantities, cross-links with polyethylenimine almost immediately. Other difunctional cross-linking agents are much slower to react. When the reactivity of the materials used in carrying out the invention is such that they cannot be combined outside the formation to be treated without premature cross-linking, the stepwise procedure illustrated in the description of the drawing is followed.
The volume of material (polymer and cross-linking agent) injected in the zone of high permeability to be treated is determined by the size of the zone. Typically, volumes from about 5 to about 100 percent of the pore volume of the zone to be treated are used. Once the amount of material to be injected has been determined and the injection rate has been set, the treatment time can then be estimated. If the polymer and cross-linking agent are to be injected into the formation together, they are then selected to provide a material which is stable for the amount of time equal to the required treatment time.
The following example illustrates the results obtained in carrying out the invention:
In a waterflood of an oil-bearing formation, salt water is injected for six months. At the end of this time, the well is logged and it is found that 70 percent of the injection water is being lost into a thief zone.
Two thousand barrels of a mixture of an aqueous solution of polyethylenepolyamine and 1 percent dichloroethane (5 wt%) is introduced into the injection well over a period of 36 hours. Upon completion of the injection, that portion of the mixture remaining in the well bore is displaced into the formation with waterflood water.
Within one day after injection, the dichloroethane reacts with and cross-links the polyethylenepolyamine to form a gel, thereby plugging the entire thief zone.
Upon logging the injection well a second time, it is determined that the thief zone is now taking only 10 percent of the injection water. Thus, the permeability of the thief zone is substantially reduced by the method of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 13, 1965
|Jan 20, 1970
|Dow Chemical Co
|Low water-loss aqueous cement slurry and method of use
|Sep 3, 1968
|Mar 17, 1970
|Dow Chemical Co
|Temporary diverting agent and use thereof in treatmeint of subterranean strata
|Jan 3, 1972
|Oct 2, 1973
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Subterranean formation permeability correction
|Dec 15, 1977
|May 22, 1979
|Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production)
|Prevention of inflow of water into wells or shafts which have already been drilled or are being drilled
|Sep 26, 1978
|Aug 5, 1980
|Nippon Oil Company, Ltd.
|Polyhexamethylenimine and process for its preparation
|Jul 15, 1980
|Apr 20, 1982
|Royer Garfield P
|Polymeric particulate carrier
|Aug 8, 1984
|May 28, 1985
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Modified polyalkylenepolyamines
|Sep 23, 1985
|Apr 14, 1987
|Ethyl Corporation
|Fluid loss control in well cement slurries
|Apr 24, 1987
|Nov 3, 1987
|Halliburton Company
|Method of reducing fluid loss in cement compositions which may contain substantial salt concentrations
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1992
|Jun 15, 1993
|Eniricerche S.P.A.
|Gellable aqueous composition and its use in enhanced petroleum recovery
|Apr 14, 1998
|Jan 11, 2000
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Remedial well bore sealing methods and compositions
|Jul 20, 1998
|May 9, 2000
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Subterranean zone sealing methods and compositions
|Aug 20, 1999
|May 30, 2000
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Foamed resin compositions for sealing subterranean zones
|Aug 18, 1998
|Aug 8, 2000
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Compositions and methods for sealing pipe in well bores
|Nov 17, 1997
|Sep 26, 2000
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|High temperature epoxy resin compositions, additives and methods
|Mar 8, 2000
|May 15, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Well sealing compositions and methods
|Feb 22, 1999
|May 22, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Resilient well cement compositions and methods
|Feb 9, 1999
|Jun 12, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Methods and compositions for cementing pipe strings in well bores
|Feb 4, 1999
|Aug 7, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Sealing subterranean zones
|Sep 23, 1998
|Aug 28, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Heat insulation compositions and methods
|Feb 21, 2001
|Nov 27, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Methods of sealing pipe strings in disposal wells
|Nov 2, 2000
|Dec 11, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Sealing subterranean zones
|Jan 23, 2001
|Dec 18, 2001
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Resilient well cement compositions and methods
|Feb 13, 2001
|Feb 26, 2002
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Methods and compositions for cementing pipe strings in well bores
|Aug 30, 2001
|Jun 11, 2002
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Sealing subterranean zones
|Aug 30, 2001
|Sep 10, 2002
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Sealing subterranean zones
|May 7, 2001
|Apr 29, 2003
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Sealing subterranean zones
|Dec 20, 2001
|May 27, 2003
|Ondeo Nalco Energy Services, L.P.
|Method and composition for recovering hydrocarbon fluids from a subterranean reservoir
|Feb 6, 2001
|Jul 15, 2003
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Resilient well cement compositions and methods
|Dec 17, 2002
|Jul 3, 2003
|Ondeo Nalco Energy Services, L.P.
|Method and composition for recovering hydrocarbon fluids from a subterranean reservoir
|U.S. Classification
|166/270, 166/295, 166/300, 523/130
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 1, 1987
Owner name: CONOCO INC., 1000 SOUTH PINE, PONCA CITY, OKLAHOMA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ALLISON, JOE D.;REEL/FRAME:004719/0125
Effective date: 19870528
|Dec 13, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|May 7, 1996
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 29, 1996
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 10, 1996
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19961002

subset: commoncrawl


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Since it's been a stressful week for folks in Blogville and their friends for so many people, the families of Ginger, Lilly, Schatzie, Sam, and Baby Rayne - who have lost their beloved family members recently as well as Jessie and Mona's Moms and others who have had sick furry friends in to see the vet for a check. It's also been a very long work week for me, so tonight, Abby the Lab has given me back control of the computer and asked that I tell you a little bit about my former life as a pilot, specifically, taking checkrides to keep current.
As pilots, back in the day, we had numerous evaluations by senior officers and check pilots with the organization. I still have a few of the old forms, just for nostalgia. There were the usual performance parameters including "Uniform" for getting caught out of uniform, especially your cap, was a serious breach of the dress code. I did well on that, actually on all areas except for one fellow who gave just an average rating on punctuality. I asked the guy "why the score? I was early!" He said "I never give anyone all top marks. I said (being stubborn and redheaded) "But I was EARLY, what would I have had to do to get a one" He said "show up early with donuts". Now, just flying to keep basic currency up in case I win the lottery and can buy my own jet and no longer fly for a living, I can rate my own performance using the old form:
Punctuality: I was early. Did I tell you I was early?
Appearance and Grooming: Wearing both socks. Strawberry lip gloss. Trimmed bangs with nail clippers, relatively even.
Medical Fitness - Went through airport security earlier. X Ray and breast exam now current.
Uniform - Khakis have occupied same room as an iron. T-shirt won't get me arrested. Felt hat appears as if the dog had gotten a hold of it and there's one burned spot. Crown decorated with fake fur that's supposed to look like some small creature, with two feathers stuck in brim. Hat looks like a midair between a bird and Rocky J. Squirrel, however it covers the head .
SOP's: Aircraft had neither military or DOD sticker so did not salute. I did salute a 1986 Buick, obviously lacking turn signals, on the drive to the airport, but used proper finger.
Emergency System Knowledge: They're beeping and they're flashing. They're flashing and they're beeping! I cant stand it anymore, they're blinking and they're flashing.
Preflight: Did not remove small layer of frost from the airplane with an old Lynyrd Skynyrd cassette case (not that anyone has ever done that or anything). Applied equal kicking pressure to all tires. Removed airport cat from wing without bodily injury. Aircraft is departing with same number of parts it landed with.
Use of Checklist: Performed all checklist items. Did NOT heat up metal ends of the shoulder harness with a Bic lighter for the copilot that kept shoving his seat back into the engineers knees HARD!
Takeoff: Anti-Smash On. Verified runway is fairly long as opposed to extraordinary wide, prior to adding power.
Risk Management and Judgement - I did not eat an airport burrito prior to takeoff.
Lost Procedures - This isn't lost. Lost is doing this at .82 Mach.
Emergency Procedures - What the dog! The survival kit is out of chocolate!
Approach and Arrival Procedures: Flew entire approach without once saying to Air Traffic Control "Watch this!".
Piloting Technique: Smooth as glass, everyone was comfortable.
Landing: The airplane may be reused.
Bravo Zulu! All top scores. I will reward myself with an entry in my logbook, a frosty beverage and TREATS for everyone in the house!


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Item description for MCP Plaid Phonics Level E Wordstudy Two Color 1998 Copyright (MCP Plaid Phonics) by Pearson School...Overview
MCP Phonics Level E: Word Study provides a solid foundation in early reading and writing skills. Sentence completions, writing exercises, multiple-choice bubbles, word-box activities and other exercises make learning interesting and relevant to their future studies. Level E covers digraphs, syllables, prefixes, roots, compounds, contractions, suffixes, plurals, dictionary skills, and more. 176 two-tone pages, softcover. Level E.
Publishers Description
MCP "Plaid" Phonics will help your child become a fluent reader. Activities help develop spelling (encoding), recognize words in context, and use phonics in word-building and personal writing. It provides a direct instructional model for integrating phonics and reading through reading activities. Level D, E & F
MCP Phonics Levels D, E, & F provide continued instruciton consistent with the MCP Phonics Program Levels K-C. This solid, well-structured program promotes continued literacy development into the intermediate grades. Word-study, comprehension, thinking, and writing skills are integrated to make learning meaningful and relevant for intermediate-grade students.
MCP "Plaid" Phonics works side by side with Spelling Workout to reinforce key spelling and phonics skills.
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The NE-CAT Center for Advanced Macromolecular Crystallography operates two undulator beamlines at Sector 24 of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Our mission is to develop advanced technologies for challenging problems in structural biology. These problems come to us as Driving Biomedical Projects (DBPs), selected for their groundbreaking science. Examples include membrane channels, transporters, and receptors;cell signaling proteins;enzymes catalyzing complex cellular processes;structural biology of translation, transcription, recombination and repair;lare RNA molecules and RNA-mediated gene regulation, and large protein complexes such as nuclear pores. These projects often confront microcrystals, inhomogeneous crystals, poorly diffracting crystals, or pathologies such as multiple lattices. To address these problems we will develop technology in three interdependent areas: (1) microbeam diffraction, (2) beamline automation, and (3) low resolution structural biology. Microbeam diffraction builds on our successful microcrystal diffraction program. We will develop technology for small (2- 5 |j,m), intense and stable microbeams, for use with microcrystals and for measuring data from selected regions of inhomogeneous crystals. We will also work out how to improve sample stability, which often limits data quality. For inhomogeneous samples we will develop optimal data-collection protocols. Beamline automation will focus on new, rapid screening protocols, automated procedures to determine the best data collection strategies, especially for multiple crystals and flexible kappa geometry, and methods for automated data processing and analysis. Low resolution structural biology is growing rapidly, driven by structural studies of multicomponent complexes and membrane proteins. We will develop technology to obtain the best possible signal-to-noise at the resolution limit while still measuring the lowest order reflections. We will develop protocols to optimize data-collection strategies and data processing, especially for multiple crystals. We will also develop on- site methods to improve the resolution of existing crystals. During the past five years we have maintained a very productive collaboration and service program. We expect the number of users (including DBPs) to remain constant at about 1000 per year. We will make our new technology available to all users as early as possible. A strength of our Center is user training. We will continue our extensive training program, while developing new approaches to train remote access users. We will continue dissemination of both technology and scientific results through mechanisms that include our web site, presentations at meetings, workshops, publications, and one-on-one contacts.
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I don't do resolutions. Well, scratch that. I do make resolutions, I just always end up not following them.
This year will be different though. No resolutions.
I will, however, make a pledge: I promise to explore and take more chances.
By exploration, it doesn't only mean traveling to a foreign land or some hidden paradise in the Philippines. It's already given, considering the line-up of destinations waiting for me. It also means, exploring oneself. What do I really want in life? Where do I go from here? How do I move forward? Where do I see myself in five years? I would also like to say I'd like to explore new things, like food (I'm the pickiest eater ever, true story.) and other extreme activities (Hello, reverse bungy!) but I don't want to make a commitment just yet. Let's just say I'm open to these things, and I guess let's just wait for nature to take its course.
When I said I'll take more chances, it means I'll stop being afraid. Afraid of failure, of rejection, of losing sense of control with my life. Well, here's the thing, Erika (yes, that's me): You won't go anywhere if you don't take chances. If you want to go to your dream destination, then do it. Save if you must, apply for a visa, and fly away you go. If you want to get your dream job, then at least try. Look for openings, manage your finances so when the time comes that you need to retire from work, then you have the resources to do so.
Alors, 2013…let's do this!


text:
Listen to a selection of recordings, including samples from most recent album French Holidays and past album Clarinet Variations.
John Finucane, Clarinet
Elisaveta Blumina, Piano
Works by C. Debussy, J. Françaix, G. Grovlez, G. Pierné, F. Poulenc, C. Saint-Saëns, D. -M. Widor
Françaix, Rossini, Boydell, Stanford, Potter
John Finucane has wowed Irish audiences for decades with his superlative clarinet playing. Now the legendary Irish virtuoso has committed his work to CD for the first time in his career. John Finucane has been the principle clarinettist of the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra since 1995. Yet due to his orchestral, chamber and teaching commitments it is only now that John has found the time to record a CD to centre stage his abilities. The music on John Finucane: Clarinet Variations reflects his musical interests and education. It is hard to resist the challenge of a piece that was described by the great clarinettist Jack Brymer as remaining unplayable until the shape of the human hand evolves, Finucane says about recording the Françaix concerto alongside the better known Stanford Clarinet Concerto and Rossini s Introduction and Variations. John has always been a champion of Irish composers and there is a really feeling of connection with the native music of Ireland on the CD As well as the Stanford composition, Brian Boydell s Elegy and Cappricio and Archibald Potter s Fantasy for Clarinet and Strings are included. These works reflect a true sense of place while also being utterly connected with early and mid-twentieth century musical life in Europe. John Finucane: Clarinet Variations is a marvellous introduction to a musician in his prime. It joins a growing stable of releases from RTÉ lyric fm, a label that is getting critical acclaim from reviewers at home (The Sunday Business Post/ The Irish Times) and abroad (Gramophone/ The American Record Guide/ The Strad/ Classical Music Magazine)
Live broadcast recording of a jazz concerto by Robert Lamb.
The following pieces were recorded at Windmill Lane Studios in March 2008 by Bill Somerville-Large with Finghin Collins as accompanist.
RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra – orchestral and vocal favourites


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View All Calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar. Subscribe to calendar notifications and you will automatically be alerted about the latest events in our community.
All submissions will be reviewed before posting to the city's Community Calendar. The city has the discretion to determine which public events will be included in the calendar. The events should provide entertainment, food or other attractions to a diverse population, and promote the economic benefits of tourism or enhance the quality of life of the community. All events must be open to the general public (for free or cost), located within the City of Greenville and organized for non-profit purposes.
September 17, 2017, 2:00 PM - 5:30 PM
5K Walk to raise funds and awareness for eliminating drunk driving. Includes victim tributes and first-responder recognition.
September 20, 2017, 6:00 PM - 10:30 PM @ Falls Park on the Reedy
September 21, 2017, 6:30 PM - 10:00 PM @ Peace Center Amphitheater
Summer Concert Series
September 22, 2017, 10:00 AM - 2:00 PM @ Main Street Plaza
September 22, 2017, 5:30 PM - 9:30 PM
September 23, 2017, 12:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Charitable food, wine and music festival


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Cooking Light
3 Choc-o-Lantern (Frosted Chocolate Fudge) Pop-Tarts
2 cups granulated sugar
10 tbsp unsalted butter, softened
1/2 cup (4 oz.) block-style cream cheese
2 large egg white
1 large egg
2 cups all-purpose flour
1/2 tsp baking powder
1/2 tsp baking soda
1/4 tsp salt
1 cup sour cream
1/2 tsp vanilla extract
1 cup powdered sugar
1 tbsp plus 1 tsp milk
1 tsp vanilla extract
Orange gel icing color or food coloring
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Spray a 12-cup Bundt pan with cooking spray.
Roughly chop the Pop-Tarts and set aside.
In the bowl of a stand mixer (or in a large bowl, using a hand mixer), beat granulated sugar, softened butter, and cream cheese at medium until light and fluffy, 3 to 4 minutes. Add egg whites and whole egg, one a time, mixing after each addition.
In a medium bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. With the mixer set to low, spoon in the flour mixture and sour cream, alternating, beginning and ending with the flour mixture. Mix in pure vanilla extract.
Spoon half of the batter into the prepared Bundt pan. Sprinkle the chopped Pop-Tarts evenly over the batter. Spoon the remaining batter over the Pop-Tarts and spread evenly to cover the Pop-Tarts.
Bake until a wooden toothpick inserted in the center of the cake comes out clean, 50 to 55 minutes. Remove from oven and let the cake cool in the pan for 10 minutes, sitting on a wire rack. Invert the pan onto the wire rack and cool cake completely.
In a small bowl, whisk together powdered sugar, milk and vanilla extract. Add orange food coloring or gel icing color.
Place cake on serving platter and evenly pour the glaze over the cake. Lightly sprinkle with powdered sugar. Serve.
Serves 16.


text:
Nurses are one of the most vital key players within the medical community. They serve as a crucial communicator of the patient needs and condition to other healthcare members. They perform dependent, independent and collaborative functions that are very crucial for the fast recovery of patients. Because of the importance of the service they provide, there had been an increasing demand for nurses all around the world. This shortage has created many job opportunities for aspiring and professional nurses.
One of the job prospects that registered nurses can take is to be a traveling nurse. The main difference between a traditional nurse and traveling nurse is the length of their employment. Traveling nurses go from one area to another where there is a short-term need for additional nurses. The services they provide is usually sought after by private individuals or entities, different communities, hospitals, and other potential employers. The function they perform may differ depending on the requirements of the company.
Traveling nurses and ordinary nurses have the same scope of practice. It is only on how they offer their services that differ. There comes an inevitable time that a medical institution fall short of staff nurses because of unpredictable sudden increase in number of patients. Instead of hiring a regular nurse, these institutions prefer to practically choose the service of traveling nurses. Since significant patient increase does not happen on a habitual basis, they would hire traveling nurses to fill the current need. On the other hand, private employers could still have the same reasons when seeking a traveling nurse.
There is no doubt that traveling nurses are very important for overall success of healthcare. They assess patient from time to time, taking into consideration their vital signs and general condition. When this is done, they will make a nursing diagnosis and formulate the necessary treatment plan. Most importantly, they perform interventions and evaluate the response of the client. All care and management done to the patient is documented so that this information can be communicated to other healthcare team. There is no doubt, without the help of traditional and traveling nurses alike, the healthcare service would totally collapse.
If you were considering the nursing path, you would be happy to know that there are many job opportunities, which await you. Traveling nurse is just one of the wonderful options that you can choose. You can get to that path faster by opting for an online nursing program.


text:
- Visit
- Explore
- Preservation
- School & Youth
- Get Involved
Silver dinner knife with a dimensional oval handle and a rounded blade. Beaded design.
table knives
silver (metal)
Knife, Eating
Knife, Dinner
Knife, Dinner
Coles, Albert, 1835-1875 (Silversmith)
New York, NY, USA
Gift of the Misses Cummings
New York state (United States)


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text:
Clearwire Planning Migration to LTE in Future
4G wireless broadband has yet not attained its youth and many of the nation's cellular carriers are toiling hard to devise their individual 4G implementations.
AT&T and Verizon Wireless are in the process of plans to implement Long Term Evolution service, set to be introduced in the later parts of this year or early phase of the approaching year.
Clearwire is quite sure that it will initiate the test LTE service in Phoenix and also, news is that Sprint might migrate to LTE at certain point, but for now, it uses WiMax.
Sprint, which is already committed to WiMax, will deliver 4G service at the earliest to its customers and will be the first one to do so.
Mark Elliot, Spokesperson of Sprint said that Clearwire's LTE tests were a fraction of the plans to match shoulders with upcoming 4G technologies and also asses the kind of future, which this technology will have.
Ramon Llamas, IDC mobile phone Analyst thinks that HTC EVO 4G owners should not be worried since WiMax was not going anywhere for now.
He said that no signal was received either from Sprint or Clearwire that they were ready with LTE.
45 U. S. markets at the moment, have Sprint 4G readily available, which covers no less than 51 million people.


text:
|You are in: UK
Friday, 14 September, 2001, 10:24 GMT 11:24 UK
First US flights arrive
Passengers on the first transatlantic flight from America since Tuesday's terror attacks have described their relief on touching down on British soil.
An American Airlines service from Chicago - the first US plane to reach Britain since America resumed international flights - landed at Heathrow Airport just after 0800BST.
Passengers said there had been a much more visible security presence as they were passing through Chicago airport.
US airspace was completely closed in the aftermath of the attacks on New York and Washington, causing disruption to airports around the world.
Chicago real estate salesman Robert Buhrow, visiting Britain for a holiday, said: "People clapped when we finally took off. It's a good feeling to be here. It's a miracle we're here considering the way the flights have been disrupted.
"There was a lot more security at Chicago. It was kind of eerie. There was a lot more police around.
"After they had scanned my bag, they opened it up as well to have a look. It made me feel somewhat safe."
Deborah Overoyen, a 46-year-old American dentist, who lives in Qatar, was not concerned about travelling on to the Middle East.
"I feel safe there," she said. "There was a sense of relief to be finally moving and leaving. People started clapping when we took off but on the flight itself the atmosphere was quite subdued.
"There is a strong sense of nationality in America at the moment. Everyone thinks it's so sad. No-one wants more violence."
"People cheered when we took off though. I think everyone is relieved things seem to be getting back to normal.
"The security at Chicago was a lot more strict than it had been. The police presence was particularly great.
"The domestic flights seem to be the most backed-up over there."
Return to normal
American Airlines has said it hopes a limited number of US-bound flights will fly from Gatwick and Heathrow on Friday.
Passengers are advised to call the airline on 08457 789789.
Some American airports are now allowing non-stop international flights from high security airports to land.
British Airways flights to America are still suspended pending new security measures from the US Federal Aviation Authority, but the company says it hopes to resume some services to Canada on Friday.
No Virgin Atlantic flights to the US and Canada will go ahead on Friday.
As air services in the UK start to return to normal, a ban on low-flying over central London will end at midnight on Saturday.
Aircraft using London City will follow different flight paths until all the London restrictions are lifted.
Meanwhile, passengers planning to fly out from UK airports have been warned not to pack sharp objects in their hand luggage.
UK airports operator BAA said banned items include knives, scissors, nail files, razor blades and knitting needles.
A BAA spokesman said: "They can check with their airline or their departure airport on what can be carried on board and if in any doubt, should pack items in their hold luggage."
See also:
12 Sep 01 | UK
Attacks cancel UK flights
12 Sep 01 | UK Politics
Blair calls emergency security meeting
11 Sep 01 | UK
Police chief to liaise with FBI
11 Sep 01 | UK
Britons tell of New York horror
12 Sep 01 | UK
Papers tell horror story in images
12 Sep 01 | UK
Flight chaos for UK passengers
Internet links:
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites
Top UK stories now:
Links to more UK stories are at the foot of the page.
Links to more UK stories
|^^ Back to top
News Front Page | World | UK | UK Politics | Business | Sci/Tech | Health | Education | Entertainment | Talking Point | In Depth | AudioVideo
To BBC Sport>> | To BBC Weather>>
© MMIII | News Sources | Privacy


text: A good friend of mine just picked up his new HD cable box from Time Warner. He has a sony HD ready 36" tv and the HD cable box is a Scientific Atlanta Explorer 3100HD. Is there anything that lights up on the HD cable box that shows you that the show you are watching is HD? Just trying to help him figure out how he can tell. Also, our cable company has HBO HD and Showtime HD which I assume are broadcast in HD all the time. Does anyone know if the regular HBO channels broadcast in HD? Any advice here would be a great help. Thanks. Brian Price


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Hey all! We have 4 new Quick Page packs in our Scraps N Pieces and our Gingerscraps stores this week. They should be at My Memories within the next few days. They are 1/2 off at Scraps N Pieces and Gingerscraps for this next week. My Life July – SNP GS My Life March – SNP GS Take Off – SNP GS They Came 2 x 2 – SNP GS See you next week with a fun new kit and… Read more »
Posts Categorized: Quick Pages
New Release: 6 NEW Quick Page Packs
Hey my fellow quick scrapper friends! You will be excited about our releases this week. We have 6 NEW Quick Page packs in our stores. You can get them at Scraps N Pieces, at Gingerscraps, and they will be at My Memories within the next few days. They are 50% OFF at Gingerscraps through the end of the month! The rest of our products are 50% off there as well. My Life June My Life May A Bug's Life Dressed… Read more »
New Releases: Quick Page Packs Galore and STOREWIDE SALE!!
Everything is 50% off and will be through the end of May! Hurry over and stock up on all of your favorite digiscrap kits! This week we have eight new QP sets for you! Click on the image below and it will take to you the QP section in the store for more details about each one.
New Releases: New QP Packs
Hey everyone! We have some new Quick Page packs in the store this week. Be sure to check our newsletter that came out yesterday for a coupon for them! My Life February Memories of Moscow and We The People Also, beginning tomorrow, March 19th through the end of the month, we are doing a Spring Cleaning Retirement sale. We are retiring 25 kits, 19 QP packs, a cardstock pack, and a cluster pack. They will be $1 each, or… Read more »
New Releases: 3 New QP Packs and a Bundle
We have 3 new QP packs this week. There is a 50% off coupon for them in our newsletter, so be sure to subscribe. Sea World Splat Ping Pow Toy Box Pack 2
New Releases: QP Packs
Hello everyone! Just a quick release this week of some new QP packs. All packs are available at both Scraps N Pieces and at our My Memories Store. Watch for a coupon for these in our newsletter on Friday.
New Releases: 4 NEW QP Packs
We have 4 new QP packs in the store today. These themed albums are great for getting a lot of scrapping done in a short amount of time. Just add dates and your photos and print. This is a great way to finish up at the end of the year if you are behind. There will be a half off coupon in our newsletter tomorrow, so be sure you are subscribed. You also get all of our past freebies when… Read more »
New Release: Two NEW Quick Page packs – Life's A Circus and You Are Incredible!
We have two new QP packs releasing today and both of them have 50+ photo spots. That is a super awesome deal. You Are Incredible! and Life's A Circus (images are linked) See you next week with a great new release!
New Release: 3 New QP Packs
We have three new QP packs releasing today. Be sure you check our newsletter for an exclusive coupon to get these for 1/2 off. Auf Weidersehen Family is Everything Slip N Slide See you next week with an awesome new kit!
New Releases: 5 New QP Packs
We have 5 new QP packs and one of them even has extra pages in it. Be sure you are subscribed to our newsletter to get a discount coupon for these tomorrow. They are available at our Scraps N Pieces store and at our My Memories store. Coupon will only work at Scraps N Pieces. You will love these! Awesomesauce Haunted Nightmares Oh Canada, Eh! San Francisco Treat Timeless


text:
About us
We are a locally owned company (license 600/2015 of the Tourism of Portugal) that aims to organize unique Nature experiences to our clients by providing outdoor tailor-made activities at Madeira Island, Portugal.
Our Goal
Provide quality guiding services, tailor-made excursions and remarkable memories to our clients, exploring all corners and sceneries, from the top of the mountain to the sea.
We focus on three outdoor activities, Mountain Bike, Hiking and Climbing. Nonetheless, we are able to organize other kind of outdoor activities at your will, with our business partners.
Our Packages
XC Tours
Cross-country tour is designed to promote a leisurely exploration of the Madeira's trails. You can stop at will along these pathways to savour the views or to get closer to that something you spotted just off the beaten track. This ride is suitable to anyone as it requires little technical riding skills and fitness levels.Read More
All Mountain // Enduro Tours
Is suited to the individual who seeks to spice their life with some thrill. Imagine having this experience on a single track in the midst of Laurissilva that departs from somewhere up high where you can just about touch the sky and upon your descent towards the ocean you will do so by crossing a varied terrain littered with flowing switchbacks, drops and spectacular views.Read More
Rock Climbing
An emerging sport that will figure at the 2020 Olympics, it is just starting to catch on in Madeira. Our island, however, offer opportunities to explore this activity. And there is no better way to end the activity than a swim or deep water soloing in crystal clear water.Read More
Hiking Tours
Madeira is known for its ancient pathways, whether they are along the water canals or simply the only way to reach certain places. Its history goes as far back as the 16th Century. What was purpose build to provide water and better logistics to all the islanders, today offer a novel pedestrian manner in which to explore Madeira and to discover its beauty and claim it to be your own. If need be ExtraMile will tailor-make your route.Read More


text:
The chef's knife is one of the most versatile tools in the kitchen, so it is important that you always have a good one on hand. Add to your collection of kitchen gear with this solid Victorinox 8'' Chef's Knife which features a slip-resistant Fibrox handle. It is obviously important to maintain control over your knife while chopping and slicing, and the textured handle on this model will help you do just that. The blade itself is made from high-carbon stainless steel, it holds its edge nicely, and will remain sharp for an extended period of time.
Victorinox is a brand name that has a long-standing tradition of quality within the cutlery world. Don't make the mistake of trying to prepare food with substandard gear when you can pick up this knife for a great price. Place your order today and enjoy the performance of this chef's knife in the near future.
Excellent knife
This is the best knife I've ever owned. It is also one of the cheapest. Would recommend heavily.
It is competitively priced, well constructed, and incredibly sharp. If you keep it honed and sharpen it once in a while, it should last a long while.
Write A Review You Are Reviewing: Victorinox - 8" Chef's Knife with Slip-Resistant Fibrox Handle - 40520
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$303.99Was $380.00


text: The BFI is planning on releasing a Ghostwatch DVD before the end of the year, and recently the programme has been passed 12 by the BBFC (uncut). While most non-UK residents may not be impressed with this news, I should point out that the 'mockumentary' was blamed for the death of a teenager who suffered from mental problems and as a result, the BBC (who made and transmitted the programme) vowed it would never be shown again. Knowing that a DVD release is lined up is fantastic news - this really is a piece of British television history. I hope the disc's content will examine and report on the surrounding controversy as part of the supplements.


text:
For some reason this was not passed on by the webmaster, so I am resending it. My thanks to the following for their quick response and input to my forking question: harryxu41: ...run it in the background, you can add this to your .cshrc: xterm & Mike Karl: you can run the script in another window from that user's .login file via: /usr/openwin/bin/xterm -e "script_name" & Valerly Glinskiy: /usr/dt/bin/dtterm -e <program> xterm has similar option Larye Parkins: You can start a background job with the '&' command line suffix, and use dtterm to start a separate window: dtterm -name "My Other Program" -e otherprogram & Dave Baker: Perhaps 'screen' (it's a gnu tool) can do this for you? It allows terminal based programs to run in the background and be detached/reattached from an active tty as required. and Michael Schulte: you might try: xterm -e <program_name> <program_args> All were good, most similar, but the user and I agree on Valerly's input placing it in a .login script. Others also replied, but after my initial summary. Their answers were very much the same as above and included that forking was not a shell command but used in programming. Thanks very much to all, I appreciate the help. Bill Bill Powers Direct Support Engineer GD Electronics Systems 100 Ferguson Drive Mountain View, CA 94043 MS: 7G35 email: firstname.lastname@example.com _______________________________________________ sunmanagers mailing list firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagersReceived on Mon Sep 17 12:34:11 2001
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.1.8 : Thu Mar 03 2016 - 06:42:25 EST


text: Every one of Soderbergh's films (that I can think of) is framed at 1.85:1 (Erin Brockovich, Traffic, Out of Sight, The Limey etc.), or something very close to it. It's clearly what he's most comfortable working with. Given his adventurous and experimental reputation, maybe he wanted to try something new on O11. Still, it surprised me greatly when I saw the film, framed at the greater width of 2.35:1. I still think it looks magnificent. The color palette is awe inspiring, and very close to Out of Sight. But there were a number of key scenes that seemed kinda off. Unusually for a film framed at that ratio, the image felt constricted. To my amazement, while watching the main documentary on the DVD, the same key scenes I noticed in the cinema, came up, framed at 1.85:1, and they seemed much more natural, and open. (Also, bizarrely, they seemed clearer and sharper than the same scenes in the actual movie) Specifically, the opening parole board scene, and the "why do this" speech scene. Did anybody else notice this? Why did Soderbergh choose to present his movie like this? Could it have been a contractual obligation? I have no idea why it would have been, but it still seems like an unusual choice. What other observations about the film's framing, or the differences/similarities between how the film has been shot compared with his other movies do you guys have? For an in-depth look at the cinemtography of (IMO) Soderbergh's best film Out of Sight, check out Seth Paxton's Analysis. It's got some great caps, which perfectly demonstrate the framing style I refer to above. If anyone has screencap capabilities and a copy of Ocean's 11, plus a little time to spare, caps of the above two scenes, in the documentary, and then in the film itself, would greatly add to the above observations.


text:
Trimming your pot plants can mean manicuring the buds or it can mean actually maintaining the plants while they are still growing. Manicuring or trimming buds is one of those things that separates amateurs from pros.
Trimming your bud does a whole lot more for the quality of your weed than just the visual bag appeal. A properly trimmed bud will have smoother smoke and be less harsh. The more leaf you leave on a bud the harsher it will be.
Some growers choose to trim vegging plants to remove lower branches that do not get much light anyways. Why spend plant resources on lower shaded branches. Or they may trim some of the large sucker leaves off. Other growers would see this as an atrocity and believe that you should not trim a growing plant at all, leave it all natural.
Manicuring Your Pot Plants
Trimming marijuana is done by hand with very sharp shears. Some larger growers use trimming machines that remove the extra leaf very quickly. The effectiveness and the efficiency of these machines is highly debated and many growers argue that they only work when the buds are fresh and wet.
For most growers trimming is done by hand with sharp shears. This process can turn into a very monotonous activity but it is a necessity to harvesting marijuana. The best method is to place the shears against the bud and cut all the leaves without cutting off any of the bud itself. You will get the hang of it. Put your extra leaf in bag for making cana butter or hash later.
You will notice pretty fast that your fingers get gummed up from the resin. You may choose to wear latex gloves to keep your hands cleaner but gloves will have to be changed often since they will get gummed up as well. Once you have your buds trimmed and manicured perfectly they will then be dried or cured.
Trimming pot plants in the manicuring sense of the term, is an important step that can be the difference between so-so bud or high quality medical marijuana. Take your time, you have put in a lot of effort so far so be patient to finish the process.


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text:
Have you ever purchased from PartSelect.com before?
Thank you for helping make our site better.
Part Number 241872512 replaces: 1379488, 240390704, 240514612, 240542112, 240542124, 241872512, 5304439526, AP4316031.
PartSelect Number PS1991436
Manufacturer Part Number 241872512
Manufactured by Frigidaire
This door gasket is used to seal the refrigerator door when closed to keep the cool air inside and the room air out.
This part works with the following brands: Frigidaire, Kenmore, Crosley, Westinghouse, Kelvinator, Electrolux, Uni.
This part works with the following products: Refrigerator.
This part fixes the following symptoms:
Part Number 241872512 replaces: 1379488, 240390704, 240514612, 240542112, 240542124, 241872512, 5304439526, AP4316031.
The gasket pops into a channel could not have been easier.
Help other customers find the most helpful instructions.
Were these instructions helpful?
This was a really easy replacement job, but it did not have any directions. The main thing to know is to really "warm" up the new gasket before installing so that it can easily be fit into the door of the refrigerator. Some recommend putting it in warm water, but it's pretty big & I didn't have anything to put it in, so I used a hairdryer to soften it up. It also takes a few days for it to "form" to the door. When I received it, the top right had a seem split, not an actual "rip" but it looked like the glue did not stay to connect the edges very well. I called and Part Select issued a refund and got a new one out to me the next day! Great company!
Pulled out the old one and popped in the new one
All brand logos are trademarks of their respective owners.
The PartSelect logo is a Registered Trademark of Atlantic Laundry Centres, Ltd.
Copyright © 1999-2017 , Eldis Group Partnership. All rights reserved.


text:
Foreign Languages: How We Translate Latin Effectively
We translate in Latin by using both technology and human knowledge to our advantage. The website has a team of professional translators that can help you understand the language more clearly than ever before. As mentioned earlier, we use an automatic language translator that can help us and you translate the document faster.
However, if you would want to have the professional translator do it, we can also set you up with one of our competent staff members who can help you translate your documents more efficiently than any machine or online software available.
We assure you that any private documents that would be translated in Latin would remain confidential if you decide to avail of our website services in the future. We value our customers dearly and they will do everything to maintain a good relationship with you as a customer.
We will also give you the opportunity to talk to other members of the community online so that you would be able to share the knowledge that you have about the language and much more. Also, you just have to copy and paste your document onto our translators if you're more comfortable having the machine do it.
Whenever you may choose to do, our services will always be available to you 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Aside from this, you will also be able to watch some videos of our Latin language classes online so that you can have a full view of what we can offer you not only as a website but also as an educational tool that will be available to you as long as you would need it.
Translate Latin: Getting The Best Translated In Latin Documents
So if you really need a website that can help you translate to Latin some of the documents you have, it is important that you consider this website right away. We assure you that we will give you an efficient service and professional looking translations at the soonest possible time. You don't even have to pay us for the service. We will give you our Latin translate services for free.
All you need to do is to log onto the website and we will do the rest. We can assure you that you will never look for any other websites to translate Latin for you ever again. We look forward to giving you the help that you need soon.


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text:
Feature request — link to gallery from image search results
It would be helpful to include a gallery link within the default Image search results on the Gallery list page. As it is, there's no direct way of knowing which gallery contains a particular image that appears in the search results.
On a related note, while in a particular gallery edit page, it would be nice if the gallery ID could be displayed, without having to hunt for the gallery's ID in the web address (e.g., http://website.com/wp-admin/admin.php?page=nggallery-manage-gallery&mode=edit&gid=37&_wpnonce=24120bbb15 ).
Thanks for your consideration. And thanks for keeping classic NextGen going strong. Also looking forward to the nggtags update/fix.
Viewing 3 replies - 1 through 3 (of 3 total)
Viewing 3 replies - 1 through 3 (of 3 total)
- The topic 'Feature request — link to gallery from image search results' is closed to new replies.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 17, 2001
|Filing date
|Feb 9, 1998
|Priority date
|Feb 9, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Brian P. Borglum
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (27), Classifications (16), Legal Events (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-FC21-91MC28055 awarded by the United States Department of Energy. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.
The present invention relates to fuel cells, and more particularly relates to a method of making straight tubes for solid oxide fuel cells.
Fuel cells are among the most efficient of power generation devices. One type of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generator has a projected 70 percent net efficiency when used in an integrated SOFC-combustion turbine power system in which the turbine combustor is replaced by a SOFC.
Several different fuel cell designs are known. For example, one type of solid oxide fuel cell consists of an inner porous doped-lanthanum manganite tube having an open end and a closed end, which serves as the support structure for the individual cell, and is also the cathode or air electrode of the cell. A thin gas-tight yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte covers the air electrode except for a relatively thin strip of an interconnection surface, which is a dense gas-tight layer of doped-lanthanum chromite. This strip serves as the electric contacting area to an adjacent cell or, alternatively, to a power contact. A porous nickel-zirconia cermet layer, which is the anode or fuel electrode, covers the electrolyte, but not the interconnection strip.
Exemplary fuel cells are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,431,715 to Isenberg, U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,444 to Isenberg, U.S. Pat. No. 4,562,124 to Ruka, U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,138 to Ruka, U.S. Pat. No. 4,748,091 to Isenberg, U.S. Pat. No. 4,791,035 to Reichner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,833,045 to Pollack, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,678 to Reichner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,163 to Reichner, U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,850 to Carlson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,258,240 to Di Croce et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,273,838 to Draper et al., each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The air electrode tubes used for solid oxide fuel cells are required to be very straight, for example, with a maximum allowable bow of 2.0 mm over a length of 1.81 m. The process used to make a finished tube consists of several steps. First, organic binders, inorganic powder and water are mixed under high shear to form a paste with suitable rheological properties. This mix is then extruded through a die under high pressure to form the tubular shape of desired cross-sectional geometry. As the tube dries, it becomes rigid such that it can be handled. Conventional air electrode tubes undergo two heating steps. The extruded tubes are first heated horizontally to burn off the organic binders and to develop handling strength. The tubes are then fired to their desired density while hanging vertically.
The primary obstacle in fabricating straight tubes is forming straight green tubes composed of organic binders and the air electrode material. The straightness of the tube prior to sintering dictates in large part the resultant straightness of the sintered tube. In the past, tubes have been extruded onto V-shaped racks and dried in a controlled temperature/humidity chamber. This has been done in an effort to moderate and control the drying rate of the tube such that it would not become bowed. However, this process has been only marginally successful, and the tubes are often severely bowed. If a dried tube is bowed, vertical sintering is conventionally required in order to straighten the air electrode tube in order to correct the problem. At typical air electrode sintering temperatures of 1,500-1,600� C., high temperature creep and gravity work together to straighten the once bowed tube to within allowable limits. However, vertical sintering adds another processing step and does not consistently result in the formation of tubes within the desired straightness tolerance. Accordingly, it would be advantageous to form dried air electrode tubes of sufficient straightness such that subsequent straightening processes are not required.
The present invention has been developed in view of the foregoing, and to address other deficiencies of the prior art.
The present method involves continuously rotating an extruded fuel cell tube while it dries in order to provide circumferential drying and uniform linear shrinkage. The resultant ceramic tube is of superior straightness compared to tubes dried by methods used in the past. Additionally, a subsequent straightening step and its associated equipment may be removed from the manufacturing process. The present process produces a ceramic tube that is compatible with one step horizontal sintering, which may further reduce the cost of air electrode tubes.
The method of the present invention increases the manufacturing yield of air electrode tubes, decreases the capital investment required for equipment, decreases the manufacturing cycle time, and increases the throughput of a manufacturing facility, thereby reducing the cost of producing solid oxide fuel cells for SOFC generators.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method of drying a fuel cell tube. The method includes the steps of forming a tube from a mixture comprising ceramic fuel cell powder and a solvent, and rotating the formed tube about its axis to remove the solvent from the tube to thereby form a dried fuel cell tube.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for drying a fuel cell tube. The apparatus includes means for rotating a formed fuel cell tube about its axis to remove solvent from the formed tube as it rotates.
These and other objects of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description.
FIG. 1 is a partially schematic end view illustrating a conventional process for drying an extruded fuel cell tube.
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a fuel cell tube dried by conventional methods having substantial curvature resulting from non-uniform shrinkage.
FIG. 3 is a partially schematic end view illustrating a process for drying a fuel cell tube in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an elevational view of a straight dried fuel cell tube produced in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention an extruded fuel cell tube is dried in such a manner that it is very straight. As used herein, the term "fuel cell tube" means a formed fuel cell component which may be used to make a fuel cell. For example, a typical fuel cell tube may include a generally cylindrical air electrode or fuel electrode of a solid oxide fuel cell.
In the past, as-extruded fuel cell tubes were dried in a controlled temperature/humidity chamber in an effort to moderate and control the drying rate to prevent the tubes from becoming bowed. However, it has been found that a primary cause of tube bowing is non-uniform drying. As shown schematically in FIG. 1, when an extruded tube 10 remains stationary on a conventional V-shaped drying rack 11, preferential drying occurs on the top portion of the tube, as shown by arrows 12. This gives rise to a linear shrinkage that is larger on the top of the tube than on the supported side, and results in tube bow as shown by the arrows 14 in FIG. 2.
The improved method of fuel cell tube drying of the present invention preferably involves continuously rotating the tube while it dries. An embodiment of this method is schematically illustrated in FIG. 3. The fuel cell tube 20 rests on two rollers 21 and 22. Rotation of the rollers 21 and 22 in the directions shown by the arrows 23 and 24 causes rotation of the fuel cell tube 20 about its axis in the direction shown by the arrow 25. Drying of the fuel cell tube 20 is substantially uniform around the circumference of the tube, and hence the linear shrinkage of the tube is also uniform, as illustrated by the upper arrows 26 and lower arrows 27 shown in FIG. 4. This results in a dried green tube that is straight.
The rollers 21 and 22 may be made of any suitable material such as stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride or nylon. The diameter of each roller 21 and 22 is preferably from about 25 to about 200 percent of the diameter of the fuel cell tube to be dried. An alternative drying configuration would be to support the tube on an air bed and connect the tube itself to a drive mechanism that would provide continuous rotation of the tubes.
In accordance with the method of the present invention, a tube is formed from a mixture comprising ceramic fuel cell powder and a solvent. The mixture is preferably in paste form. The ceramic fuel cell powder may be of any suitable composition for the formation fuel cell components. For example, for an air electrode of the fuel cell, the ceramic fuel cell powder may comprise La1-X(M1)XMn1-Y(M2)YO3 where M1 is calcium, strontium, yttrium, cerium, other appropriate dopants or combinations thereof, M2 is nickel, chromium, zinc, colbalt, other appropriate dopants or combinations thereof, X is from 0 to about 0.5, and Y is from 0 to about 0.5. The solvent may comprise water, propanol, butyl acetate or butoxyethanol, with water being preferred for many applications. In addition to the ceramic fuel cell powder and solvent, the mixture may include organic binders such as methylcellulose, hydroxyproply methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral resin or acrylic polymer, and/or may include plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol, butylbenzl phthalate or polymeric fatty acids.
The tube may be formed by any suitable method, preferably extrusion. For example, a paste may be made by combining an appropriate mixture of the above-noted compounds and mixing them under conditions of high shear. The tube may then be extruded by forcing the paste through a die at elevated pressure, e.g., 800 to 5,000 psi. The shape of the die determines the cross-sectional geometry of the extruded tube.
The resultant formed tube may be of any desired geometry. Preferably, the formed tube is hollow with an annular cross-section. The hollow tubes may be open at both ends, closed at both ends, or open at one end and closed at the other end.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the formed tube is rotated about a substantially horizontal axis. Preferably, the formed tube is rotated at a substantially continuous speed. For example, a set of rollers 21 and 22 as shown in FIG. 3 may be provided onto which the extruded fuel cell tubes are placed and rotated at preferred rate of about 0.1 to 20 rpm, more preferably from about 1 to about 2 rpm.
During rotation of the tube, any suitable surrounding atmosphere may be used. In a preferred embodiment, the surrounding atmosphere is ambient air. Alternatively, gas may be directed against the rotating tubes in order to accelerate their drying. Such forced gas may comprise air or any other suitable gas. The air may be dehumidified if desired.
Typical drying times are less than about 48 hours, preferably less than about 36 hours. More preferably, drying times of from about 16 hours to about 24 hours are used.
The resultant dried fuel cell tubes are substantially straight. For example, the dried fuel cell tube may have an axial bow of less than 0.15 mm per meter, more preferably less than about 0.10 mm per meter. As a particular example, ten recently extruded tubes having a length of 2 m, an inner diameter of 1.95 cm, and an outer diameter of 2.45 cm were dried on a roller system in ambient air for 24 hours at a temperature of about 25� C. The resultant dried tubes all had bows of less than 0.25 mm. This is in contrast with tubes dried using the conventional method shown in FIG. 1, which often had tube bows that were in excess of 2 cm.
After the fuel cell tubes are dried, they may optionally be sintered at a typical temperature of from about 1,500 to about 1,600� C. Preferably, the dried tubes are sintered in a horizontal orientation. The horizontal fuel cell tubes may optionally be rotated during the sintering process.
The present invention possesses several advantages over prior art. For example, it produces air electrode tubes that have superior straightness, and which are compatible with one-step horizontal sintering. The present method eliminates the need for a controlled relative humidity/temperature chamber, which is quite costly and large in a high volume air electrode manufacturing facility. The invention also controls the drying uniformity of the tubes without the requirement of controlling the drying rate. As a result, for example, as opposed to drying over a 48 hour period in a humidity/temperature chamber, the tubes may be completely dried within a 24 hour period in ambient air. It is also possible to accelerate drying by passing air over the tubes while they dry without adversely affecting their straightness.
Whereas particular embodiments of this invention have been described above for purposes of illustration, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that numerous variations of the details of the present invention may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 24, 1982
|Feb 14, 1984
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Electrical contact structures for solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell
|Nov 20, 1981
|Dec 25, 1984
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|High temperature solid electrolyte fuel cell configurations and interconnections
|Jan 22, 1985
|Dec 31, 1985
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Air electrode material for high temperature electrochemical cells
|Jan 18, 1985
|Dec 23, 1986
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Cobalt doped lanthanum chromite material suitable for high temperature use
|Dec 9, 1986
|May 31, 1988
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Bipolar plating of metal contacts onto oxide interconnection for solid oxide electrochemical cell
|Dec 10, 1987
|Dec 13, 1988
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Cell and current collector felt arrangement for solid oxide electrochemical cell combinations
|Dec 10, 1987
|May 23, 1989
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Porous electronic current collector bodies for electrochemical cell configurations
|Dec 10, 1987
|Oct 17, 1989
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Elongated solid electrolyte cell configurations and flexible connections therefor
|Dec 18, 1987
|Oct 24, 1989
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Generator configuration for solid oxide fuel cells
|Aug 1, 1990
|Apr 28, 1992
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Thin tubular self-supporting electrode for solid oxide electrolyte electrochemical cells
|Jul 9, 1990
|Jul 13, 1993
|The Carborundum Company
|Process for manufacturing ceramic tubes
|Mar 17, 1993
|Nov 2, 1993
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Solid oxide fuel cell generator
|Oct 7, 1992
|Dec 28, 1993
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Double interconnection fuel cell array
|Apr 10, 1998
|Jun 15, 1999
|Nucon Systems
|Process for the preparation of thick-walled ceramic products
|Principles of Ceramics Processing by Reed, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 9, 1998
|Apr 30, 2002
|Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation
|Method of making closed end ceramic fuel cell tubes
|Feb 14, 2002
|Nov 30, 2004
|Alberta Reasearch Council, Inc.
|Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack
|Jan 16, 2002
|Jan 25, 2005
|Alberta Research Council Inc.
|Hollow inorganic membranes produced by metal or composite electrodeposition
|Jul 25, 2002
|May 17, 2005
|Alberta Research Council, Inc.
|Metal-supported tubular micro-fuel cell
|Jul 24, 2003
|Nov 18, 2008
|Alberta Research Council Inc.
|Metal-supported tubular fuel cell
|Jan 27, 2009
|May 4, 2010
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Bio-electrochemically assisted microbial reactor that generates hydrogen gas and methods of generating hydrogen gas
|Feb 14, 2003
|Jun 15, 2010
|Alberta Research Council, Inc.
|Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack
|Jun 25, 2008
|Apr 12, 2011
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Electrohydrogenic reactor for hydrogen gas production
|Dec 28, 2006
|Aug 30, 2011
|Boditechmed Inc.
|Manufacturing method of electrolyte filled cathode for molten carbonate fuel cell
|May 1, 2007
|Oct 2, 2012
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Substrate-enhanced microbial fuel cells
|Sep 11, 2006
|Mar 5, 2013
|Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc
|Electrolytic/fuel cell bundles and systems including a current collector in communication with an electrode thereof
|Dec 15, 2005
|Apr 29, 2014
|Alberta Research Council Inc.
|Fuel cell support structure
|May 1, 2007
|Feb 24, 2015
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Materials and configurations for scalable microbial fuel cells
|Mar 7, 2014
|Jan 17, 2017
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Methods for hydrogen gas production
|Jul 25, 2002
|Jul 17, 2003
|Partho Sarkar
|Metal-supported tubular micro-fuel cell
|Apr 30, 2002
|Jul 8, 2004
|Spacie Christopher John
|Extrusion of graphite bodies
|Feb 14, 2003
|Sep 29, 2005
|Partho Sarkar
|Tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack
|Jul 24, 2003
|Mar 9, 2006
|Alberta Research Council Inc.
|Metal-supported tubular fuel cell
|Dec 15, 2005
|Nov 2, 2006
|Partho Sarkar
|Fuel cell support structure
|May 1, 2007
|Nov 8, 2007
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Substrate-enhanced microbial fuel cells
|May 1, 2007
|Nov 8, 2007
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Materials and configurations for scalable microbial fuel cells
|Sep 11, 2006
|Mar 13, 2008
|Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc
|Electrolytic/fuel cell bundles and systems including a current collector in communication with an electrode thereof, methods for generating electricity and/or performing electrolysis using the same
|Dec 28, 2006
|Jul 3, 2008
|Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd.
|Manufacturing Method of Electrolyte Filled Cathode for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
|Jun 25, 2008
|Nov 13, 2008
|Bruce Logan
|Electrohydrogenic reactor for hydrogen gas production
|Jul 23, 2008
|Nov 27, 2008
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Electrodes and methods for microbial fuel cells
|Jan 27, 2009
|Jun 25, 2009
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Bio-electrochemically assisted microbial reactor that generates hydrogen gas and methods of generating hydrogen gas
|Dec 30, 2009
|May 13, 2010
|The Penn State Research Foundation
|Cathodes for microbial electrolysis cells and microbial fuel cells
|U.S. Classification
|264/632, 264/232
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 9, 1998
Owner name: CBS CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BORGLUM, BRIAN P.;REEL/FRAME:008979/0736
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|Oct 13, 1998
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Vol 18 Translation part 17Jun. 26th, 2009 11:58 pm
*laughs* And a bit of effort to today's post courtesy of yesterday's pathetic showing. ^^; This brings us up to somewhere on page 237.
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Harrods - London, publisher, 1900 - 1910
This catalogue advertised goods available from the china, glass and lamp department at the Harrods department store in London between 1900 and 1910. Colourful lampshades were popular throughout the turn of the century. They were produced for standard, table, wall and desk lights and were available in a wide range of colours, styles and prices. These hand-printed silk shades have a rose-and-ribbon pattern and were expensive for consumers in the early 20th century.


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Mobile search took center stage at yesterday's Google Inside Search Event. In addition to debuting new technology, Google also announced that some mobile features are coming to the desktop, including voice search and the ability to search by image.
With Google reporting that mobile search traffic has grown five-fold in the past two years, Google said that it would be focusing much more attention on mobile searching, due in part to the role it was playing in augmenting its desktop business. Searches from a desktop generally dropped off at lunchtime and at the evenings, with significant annual drops during the summer holiday season and over Christmas.
But mobile search patterns showed the opposite result in many ways. Searches jumped over lunch and in the early evening, and there was very little drop off for the holiday season or over the holiday period.
Mobile Shortcuts
New icons are being added to Google's mobile homepage. These shortcuts lead to three popular local search categories – restaurants, coffee shops, and bars – with the option to tap "more" to see additional categories (e.g., shopping, ATMs, gas stations), part of what Google calls a simplified Places mobile homepage.
After you tap on an icon, you'll see a map with markers indicating where you are relative to each place. As you scroll through the results, the map stays at the top of the page and adjusts to each listing.
Tap on any business name to see info about a place, such as hours, phone number, reviews, and more.
Also, Google had added a feature from its Search app for Android and iOS to its mobile homepage, which basically lets you more quickly build your search using suggested phrases. Here's a video of how it works:
Voice Search on Your Computer
Voice search, an increasingly important part of mobile searching, is rolling out now to the desktop via new code in the Chrome browser. Chrome users can use it by clicking on a microphone icon that appears in the search box.
Google also shared some interesting stats about Google Voice Search:
- Spoken queries to Google have risen sixfold over the last year
- Google teaches its English Voice Search system using 230 billion words from real queries.
- Every single day people speak more than two years worth of voice to Google's system.
And here's a video:
Instant Image Search
Google's Instant Search feature, launched last year, is now being rolled out to image searches, effective this week. The image search feature now sets up a search results page and updates the results as the user Autocomplete identifies new words. A new search page has also been added for tablet systems to use the larger screens of such devices.
Search by Image
Google has also introduced Search by Image, where you click on a little camera icon at images.google.com to upload any picture or enter an image URL from the web. Google will then seek to match the photograph's identifying features against other websites to figure out what it is.
Google stressed that facial recognition software wasn't included in this search, perhaps in light of the problems Facebook has recently had in this area.
Users can fine-tune results with the addition of plus icons next to results. Chrome and Firefox extensions will let you search on any web image simply by right clicking on it.
And yes, there's a video:
What do the last two updates mean for SEOs? Image optimization. Get on it if you haven't already.
Inside Search Event Full Video
Google also yesterday announced Instant Pages. If you missed the live stream, the entire event is now available:
Iain Thomson also contributed to this report.
Related reading
Why SEOs can't afford to wait around for a mobile-first index
SEO and performance marketing agency BrightEdge today released a new report which sheds light on the steadily widening gap between mobile and desktop search. I spoke to Erik Newton, VP of Customer Marketing and Head of SEO at BrightEdge, about the report's findings, Google's mobile-first index tests, and how SEOs can adapt their strategy.
Mobile SEO: The 3 areas that really matter for SEO performance
Mobile SEO is distinct from its desktop counterpart in significant - sometimes very subtle - ways. As mobile usage continues to grow, user behaviors and expectations change too. In this article, we'll look at three categories in which mobile SEO stands apart, with practical tips to help marketers drive improved performance in each.
What do we know so far about Google's new homepage?
Google has released a new, feed-based mobile homepage in the US, in perhaps the most drastic and significant update of its homepage since 1996. We take a look at what the relaunch entails, and how it might change things for marketers.
Everything you need to know about visual search (so far)
Visual search is one of the most complex and fiercely competed sectors of our industry. Here's a review of the key players, and what their technology allows us to do.


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Jae Won Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd. was established in 1987 as a manufacturer which specializes in the Spiral Pipe Mill Line. And now our company has become a leading company of the industrial machinery equipment for making various size pipes and coating with PE or PP to pipe in South KOREA. This is the result of our constant efforts for developing technology and investment for improving the quality. It also means that our company has the capability to make various machinery equipments and install those where customer wants including finally commissioning after installation, for the Spiral Pipe Mill Line, Roll Bending Pipe Line, JCOE Pipe Line, ERW Pipe Line and the inspection test (Hydrostatic test, X-Ray test, On-Off UT test etc.) Our company will make every endeavor to supply machinery equipments with the best quality and the best price to our customer and potential customer all over the world.
Contact person:Edward Kim
Street address: 140-20, Songhyeon-Dong,
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text:
I hope this morning sees everyone safe, sound & relatively sane. Just wanted to point out the fact that we've recently undergone a bit of a renovation here at Stupefaction, and we hope you like the results. HUGE thanks to JC over at Cerysmatic Factory for the help & guidance.
As well, our sister site for photographer Eugene Merinov has undergone a similar change. We'll soon be announcing details on new, high quality, digital prints of his work so stay tuned.
Keep in touch with us:
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text:
VIDEO: Cwealm – Wither, Tainted Crown
Since it's Friday, we figured many of you are too drunk to read, just as your friendly Archaic Triad editor may soon be too drunk to write. Hence, we offer you this little video treat from Sweden's Cwealm. It is certainly no Hecate Enthroned's "An ode for a Haunted Wood", but with its clever use of footage from Häxan (1922) and Faust (1926) it does do something for the cause of black metal. Enjoy!


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Centerline Experienced Class A Reefer Drivers in Beaverton, Oregon
Experienced Class A Reefer Drivers
Job Location:
Beaverton, Oregon
Recruiting Office:
Clackamas OR 2187
Work Hours:
Monday - Friday; day shift
Pay Rate: $21.00 / hour; OT after 40 hours at $36.75 / hour USD
Do you have a Class A commercial driver's license? We are hiring for Food Service Reefer truck drivers. Refrigerated Truck Drivers will be doing dedicated, local or regional routes depending on assignment. We are looking for drivers to represent Centerline and our clients in a professional manner at all times, while maintaining a strong commitment to safety.
Shuttle runs
Delivering palletized frozen and dry food
Use of hand-trucks
We are an equal opportunity employer and all qualified candidates will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability status, protected veteran status, sexual orientation, gender identity or any other characteristic protected by law.
Experience Requirements:
Doubles endorsement
Reefer Experience
Two years recent driving experience
No recent moving violations
Medical, Dental, Vision
Driver Referral Bonus
Other benefits may be available, based on assignment
Safety training and incentives


text:
Work Van Interiors
At OEM we offer a variety of different Work Van Interiors ranging from shelving systems to security partitions or a custom-built package for any need. We are also a full line distributor of System Edstrom shelving systems as well as CNC Metal Products custom van interior packages. In addition to stock items, we also has an in-house design staff with the ability to create the custom shelving package to fit your needs regardless of vehicle type. We can take your truck design from concept through prototype and into production. We provide you with solutions to solve your day-today problems with ease and we always use wthe most trusted and respected names in the industry. So, when you come to OEM, you know the job is done right, the first time.
EZ Stak
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Ranger Design
Ranger Design manufactures van shelving, ladder racks & partitions for cargo vans, box trucks, & trailers. Industry leaders in quick shipping & innovation.


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Skip the chain hotels. This place is like your own tiny little house. The place is spotless and Ashley the owner has every detail covered. I come here for business a couple times a year and look forward to visiting. After my long drive fresh...More
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