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Language and Memory Essay
Language and Memory
Language is the medium of communication. It can be verbal or written, making use of different conventional symbols and sounds. All social creatures on Earth have their own languages such as bees, ants, and apes. Human language is the most complicated of all because of speech. It is an evolving process of signs and symbols. It consists of different elements such as phonemes, syllables, words, grammatical categories, sentences, discourses, and many more.
One of the characteristics of language is that it is symbolic. It makes use of symbols like pictures, diagrams, letters, numbers, and alike. Examples of this characteristic of language involve the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt and the ancient symbols of the Mayans. Thus, it is important for humans to be able to understand and memorize the symbols in order to establish communication.
Memory plays an important role in the process of language. It is the faculty of the mind which stores knowledge, previous thoughts, impression or events. Every word that is used, whether in isolation or used in a sentence has a meaning and that is stored in our brains (Kutas, et al, 2000).
There are different types of memory. The first one is the short-term memory which recalls events that happened from a few seconds to a less than a minute ago. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is a stronger memory, which can recall events a few minutes after it happened. Episodic memory is responsible for personal experiences. Since language is composed of symbols and sounds, the human brain acts as a catalog of these symbols and their corresponding meanings. This is called semantic memory ("Types", n.d.).
Nature and Function of Semantic Memory
Semantic memory is essential in language. It consists of independent ideas. These consist of information such as the location of the Great Wall, the shape of an apple, or the colors of the rainbow. Semantic memory organizes ideas and assigns them to words and language, which are essential in establishing communication.
In a book entitled, "Essentials of Human Memory" written by Alan D. Baddeley, semantic memory does not actually mean an association between words (1999). Baddeley pointed out that semantic memory is actually concerned with concepts or ideas, having relation to words but are not words themselves. He argued that much of the information stored in the semantic system consists of perceptions and acquired knowledge. It is mainly a collection of experiences, more than what words can convey (p. 157).
There are many views as to the nature of semantic memory. Baddeley quoted a number of psychologists that have their own theories. Roger Brown and Eric Lenneberg described the nature of semantic memory using colors. According to them, focal colors, or colors that have short names are easier to remember such as red, blue and green. The findings support the Whorfian hypothesis, which states that shorter words can easily be remembered (157).
Functions of Language
Language is a medium of expression that can either be spoken or written. According to Patrick Lockerby, language is "a coding system and a means by which information may be transmitted or shared between two or more communicators for purposes of command, instruction or play" (2009).
Language has many functions but can be simplified into three. The first is the informative language function. This is essential in communication and channeling of information. It is used to describe the world or ideas towards it. This function involves statements with value or truth.
The second is expressive language function. Here, language is used as a medium of feelings and attitudes. Examples of this are poetry and prose. There are two aspects in this function of language. These are evoking certain feelings and expressing feelings.
The third function of language is called the directive language function. It is commonly found in requests or commands. It is not normally regarded to as true or false.
There are other functions of language aside from the three basic functions. The ceremonial language, for example, is used in a way that it mixes the expressive and the directive language for the use of performance. The statement "I do" in a marriage is an example of performative utterances denoting action. There is also phallic language where there is a transition from spoken language to body language ("Functions, n.d".).
Stages of Production
Basically, the process of language production begins at the source of the information, which is the sender. The message is conceptualized and then encoded to linguistic form, which involves the usage of words and sentences. The linguistic form is then encoded to speech. Speech is the one responsible for delivering the encoded information to the listener through sound. The sound is decoded by the listener into its linguistic form, which is then decoded to its original meaning ("Language", n.d.).
Memory and Language
Bruce A. Crosson and Bruce Crosson discussed the relationship between language and memory in their book, "Subcortical Functions in Language and Memory". Before any information is stored in the long term memory, it must first be converted to linguistic system with semantic characteristics. Thus, the ability to retrieve verbal memory of a certain entity is dependent on how the represented entity is accessed. This supports the importance of language since it is dependent on verbal memory (1992). Moreover, meanings or words and symbols are stored in the semantic memory. An evidence of this is the ability to develop one's vocabulary (325).
There are also studies which suggest a significant relationship between the semantic memory and language. A study by Marta Kutas and Kara D. Federmeier proved that semantic memory plays a role in language comprehension as revealed by electrophysiology. An electrophysiological brain component called the N400 reveals the nature and timing of an active semantic memory during language comprehension. Results show that sentence processing is influenced by the organization of semantic memory. In the left hemisphere, the semantic memory appears to pre-activate the meaning of forthcoming words (2000).
The relationship between memory and language was studied by Viorica Marian and Margarita Kaushanskaya. Their study involved testing accessibility of general knowledge across two languages in bilinguals. Mandarin–English speakers were asked questions such as "name a statue of someone standing with a raised arm while looking into the distance". The respondents were likely to answer Statute of Liberty for the English speakers and Statute of Mao for the Mandarin speakers.
When the accuracy of the answers was measured, it showed that language-dependent memory has an effect on both languages. In measuring the speed of answering was measured, it showed that only the bilinguals' more proficient language is the only ones affected by language-dependent memory (2007).
The results of this study suggest that there is a strong relationship between memory and language. Also, linguistic context at the time of learning may become integrated into memory content.
In conclusion, language plays a very important role in communication and learning. It represents ideas, thoughts and attitudes that are embedded in the linguistic system. Language also has many different functions. Basically, these functions are informative, expressive, and directive.
Memory and language are closely related. As mentioned before, any information, before, entering to the long term memory must be converted to a linguistic system first. Semantic memory thus, is significant in language production since the information in the verbal memory is dependent on how to access its representations.
Baddeley, A. D. (1999). "Essentials of Human Memory". The Psychology Press, Ltd.
"Common Forms and Functions of Language" (n.d.). Introduction to Logic. Retrieved 16
May 2010 from http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/form_lang.html.
Crosson, B. A., & Crosson, B. (1992). "Subcortical Functions in Language and Memory".
New York, New York: The Guilford Press.
Kutas, Mand & Federmeier, K. D. (2000). "Electrophysiology Reveals Semantic Memory use
in Language Comprehension". Trends in Cognitiv Sciences, 4 (12).
"Language Production". (n.d.) Wikepedia. Retrieved 16 May 2010 from
Lockerby, P (n.d.). "What is Language?". The Chatter Box. Retrieved 16 May 2010 from
Marian, V. & Kaushanskaya, M. (2007). "Language Context Guides Memory Content".
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 14 (5), 925-933.
"Types of Memory", (n.d.). Brain Training Software. Retrieved 16 May 2010 from
Subject: Language,
University/College: University of California
Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter
Date: 27 September 2016
Let us write you a custom essay sample on Language and Memory
for only $16.38 $13.9/page


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Decatur Country Club
2501 Country Club rd Se Decatur, Alabama 35601(256) 353-5310
Print | Save | Directions
AboutDecatur Country Club is located at the address 2501 Country Club rd Se in Decatur, Alabama 35601. They can be contacted via phone at (256) 353-5310 for pricing, hours and directions.
Decatur Country Club has an annual sales volume of 501K - 999,999. .
For maps and directions to Decatur Country Club view the map to the right. For reviews of Decatur Country Club see below.
Phone: (256) 353-5310
Credit Cards: Master Card, American Express, Visa, All Major Cards Accepted
Employee Size: 1 To 4
Exact Employee Count: 3
Exact Sales Volume: 110000
Location Features: Country Clubs
Location Type: Single Location
Sales Volume: 501K - 999,999
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City of Decatur
925 Bank st Ne Decatur, Alabama 35601
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Noblesville, INUSA
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My name is Paul and I'm 60 something. My kids are all growed up. Been in Indiana for over a year. (A California refugee)Looking to fellowship with like minded people.
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Who can be with me?
Having family or friends with you can ease the stress so they are welcome to wait with you. They should feel free to help with your care. However, for safety reasons, only one or two visitors are allowed in the department at a time.
We may also ask them to leave during some procedures. We also ask that you and your family and friends respect the privacy of others.
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Meet your favorite local and national authors at our Reading Allowed book events. Check the events calendar for dates and times. Follow us on Facebook to get the latest updates on upcoming author events and book signings.
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text: Victoria's Secret model and football star Tom Brady's new wife, Gisele Bundchen, is pregnant! Speculation has surrounded Bundchen for the past few weeks as she was seen out and about with a little "baby bump." The rumors are finally confirmed, as sources tell People.com that she is expecting and "ecstatic." This will be her first baby and Brady's second. He already has a son with actress Bridget Moynahan. Bundchen is said to be due early next year.


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Some people cannot take time dealing with stress and their minds are occupied with distractions because of their busy lifestyle. They don't realize that there is something they can do to get away from their hectic world and bring their minds to a certain level of self-awareness. The way to discovering your real peaceful self who is compassionate and full of wisdom is just an audio download away. Audios are created for guided meditations that you can practice at your flexible hours.
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text: About Shuku's career began in high school when she was enrolled in a hairdressing course, where she went on to attain her license. For Shuku the beauty indsutry was her passion and so she continued to study, and in 1983 she received her diploma from L'Oreal France. Upon arriving in Canada, she continued her interest in beauty and for a third time, in 1989, she received a certificate of achievement in Co-operative Education as a hairdresser. She also received certification in permanent make-up and airbrush make-up. In addition, Shuku continuously takes courses each year to keep up-to-date in the ever-changing beauty and hair industry. Today, she presently holds two masters as a colour technician, from Aveda and Goldwell. Shuku's goal in life has been to help men & women achieve handsomeness and beauty, not only aesthetically but from within. Shuku attributes her creativity to her love of art which can be seen by her numerous remarkable paintings displayed in the salon, which can also be viewed in our online gallery.


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Old Swan Hotel
Swan Road, Harrogate, HG1 2SR, United Kingdom –
Excellent location – rated 9/10! (score from 1207 reviews)
Rated by guests after their stay at Old Swan Hotel.
|Room Type
Executive Suite
Single Room
Twin Room
Double Room
Executive Double or Twin Room
5 Reasons to Choose Old Swan Hotel
Prices you can't beat!
Manage your bookings online
The staff speaks English
Booking is safe
Area Info –
Closest Landmarks
- Royal Pump Room Museum 0.1 miles
- Royal Hall Theatre 0.1 miles
- Harrogate Turkish Baths 0.1 miles
- Harrogate Theatre 0.3 miles
- Harrogate Train Station 0.4 miles
- Harrogate Library 0.5 miles
- The Valley Gardens 0.9 miles
- Harrogate District Hospital 1.3 miles
- Harlow Carr 1.4 miles
- Harrogate Golf Club 2.4 miles
Most Popular Landmarks
- Ripley Castle 3.2 miles
- Bramham Park 11.3 miles
- Roundhay Park 12.5 miles
- Lightwater Valley Theme Park 13.2 miles
- Leeds Arena 13.3 miles
- 02 Academy 13.4 miles
- Leeds Town Hall 13.5 miles
- Trinity Leeds 13.8 miles
- Leeds City Railway Station 13.9 miles
- York Train Station 18.6 miles
Restaurants & Markets
- Victoria Shopping Centre, Market 0.6 miles
Closest Airports
- Leeds Bradford Airport 9.9 miles
- Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield 42.2 miles
- Manchester Airport 52.8 miles
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The Wedgwood Restaurant
Food: British
Facilities of Old Swan Hotel
Most Popular Facilities
- BBQ Facilities
- Terrace
- Grounds
Pets are not allowed.
Food & Drink
- Breakfast in the Room
- Bar
- Restaurant
Free! WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Free! Free public parking is available on site (reservation is not needed).
- Baggage Storage
- Fax/Photocopying
- Dry Cleaning
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Meeting/Banquet Facilities
- Room Service
- All Spaces Non-Smoking (public and private)
- Heating
- Safe
- Elevator
- Non-Smoking Rooms
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From 2:00 PM
Until 11:00 AM
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Children and Extra Beds
All children are welcome.
One child under 5 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One child under 2 years stays free of charge in a crib.
One child under 5 years stays free of charge in an extra bed.
One child from 5 to 14 years is charged GBP 15 per person per night in an extra bed.
The maximum number of extra beds in a room is 1.
The maximum number of cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are not allowed.
When booking more than 10 rooms, different policies and additional supplements may apply.
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text:
MP3 of the Day: "Florida" by Awesome New Republic, Playing at Roxy's, West Palm, On September 8
"Florida," a single off Miami-based duo (though they tour as a trio) Awesome New Republic's July release Rational Geographic II, taps kinetic echo-y vocals over New Wave synths and steady drumming for an anthem that is memorable and infectious; you'll sing it for days. Think dance-pop a la Dogs Die in Hot Cars with a brief stint into syrupy rhythms and then back to high-powered indie pop.
How to summarize ANR's local trajectory? Well, to try very briefly: ANR made some ripples in 2005 with its first release ANR So Far, which was followed by the three-part Rational Geographic. Rational Geographic III is due in October. ANR's next South Florida show north of the Miami-Dade county line is at West Palm Beach spot Roxy's on Tuesday, September 8.
MP3: Awesome New Republic - "Florida"
Tuesday, September 8. Roxy's, 309 Clematis Street, West Palm Beach. Doors open at 9 p.m., admission is free. 561-296-7699; roxyspub.com
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oh my gosh!! this is great!!
Christian Dads Experience What It Feels Like To Give Birth. - GNLi:Christian Videos
These two guys go through simulated labor. The closest I have seen my husband to this is when he had a kidney stone! :o
Re: oh my gosh!! this is great!!
a bunch of you guys viewed this but didn't comment.
What did you think?
would you want your husband/SO to go through this?
Do you think they got a good idea of what actual labor is like?
Would you laugh at him or support him?
Re: oh my gosh!! this is great!!
I've seen this video before! I think it's pretty neat :)
I wouldn't say I WANT my husband to go through that, but I would be CURIOUS how he would react/what he would think of it if he did. Hard to say if it really stimulated labor as effectively as it could have since I didn't try it myself lol
Re: oh my gosh!! this is great!!
Makes me wonder how he feels when I am in labor, but I think sometimes he takes it too lightly. One time, he started chanting some "push em out" song and smiling. I wanted to slap him. Other times he yawns like he's bored. I warned him this time he better not do those things!!!:mellow:
I don't know if those guys were just "playing it up" but, they really did look like they were going through labor :o
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Samsung has already released their flagship Galaxy S II in most of Europe and Asia. but it has yet to hit the North American market. The picture above shows a leak stating the three variants of the Galaxy S II in USA.
Continue reading "Samsung Galaxy S II USA Variants Revealed"


text:
Master Margherita – My Funktion
More tunes from Master Margherita, one of the most eclectic musicians and composers we have. After a very creative year, with 'My FUNKtion' we explore the techno-ish side. Music wise, it's a solid progression of beats and grooves that will take the listener on a wide range of bpm. The strength of Master Margherita is exactly there: with his obsessive rhythm and certain uplifting music structures, it feels like an ecstatic dance, with a dubby touch and the most modern sounds.
[text by luca blue & jazzmine]
Available to buy on bluehoursounds.bandcamp.com
Track List :
1. El Pedrito (Enchilada Suiza Mix)
2. Zé Patch (Tronic Mix) ft, Kids On Acid
3. Pachiderma (Phat Mix)
4. The Third Moon (Orbit Mix)
5. My Funktion (Squelchy Mix)
6. Topographic (Pico Mix)
Written & Produced by Master Margherita
Except track 2 Written & Produced by Master Margherita and Kids On Acid
Modular Synthesizer, The Daw Blender and Electronics by Master Margherita
Modular Synthesizer and Electronics on "Zé Patch" by Kids On Acid
Shakers by Ermetico
Mastering by The Humble Grove humblegrovemastering.com
Cover & Artwork by Jazzmine facebook.com/jazzminebhs
Release Date : 28 June 2017
Catalog Number : BHSDIG026
Produced by Blue Hour Sounds


text:
Mercer University admission office phone number
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Think about what career is best suited for you, and where you want to study. Request more information now.
Find info concerning Mercer University admission office phone number, and registering for elective seminars and discussion sections. Which college degrees give you the best chances of entering a successful career path after graduation? Concentrating on Mercer University admission office phone number, for example, may give you additional focus in the admissions selection process. Check with the admissions office for assistance with prerequisites, course registration deadlines, and college degree program requirements. Please use the form above to request admissions info for Mercer University.
As the admission's office must sift through many college application forms, your goal is to stand out in a good way. If you already have top grades and high SAT or ACT scores, you can still improve your application, given other factors such as talent in sports, the quality of your essay topic, and extracurricular activities. The admissions essay is gaining weight at selective colleges, but please be aware that on average, a typical college application only receives 25 minutes of reading time. Therefore, keep your application brief, and stick to the point when answering questions.
Admissions officers seek to learn how a given applicant thinks, what kind of person they are, and their level of intellectual promise. Many colleges are paying greater attention to a student's grades not only in core courses, but in AP classes and in honors courses as well. In fact, an ideal academic record is one of progressively better grades, in classes of increasing difficulty. It is optimal to try taking the hardest courses that are offered, and that the worst thing you can do in terms of getting into college is to drop a hard course just because you fear getting a low grade. Beyond major requirements within the admissions department, you may consider Cloud County Community College online certificate courses for complementary electives to your primary course of study.
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Valencia College
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Herzing University
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Austin Community College
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FLEX COLLEGE PREP. Since that time, FLEX has expanded to include a multitude of other services, including academic and college admissions counseling.
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Columbia College Chicago
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 27, 2006
|Filing date
|Jul 13, 1999
|Priority date
|Jul 13, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|James Watt, Scott Brim, Ravi Gorur, Ramana V. Gollamudi, Joel M. Halpern
|Original Assignee
|Alcatel Canada Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (24), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (24), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to a co-pending application entitled "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING DISTRIBUTED COMMUNICATION ROUTING" that has an application number of Ser. No. 09/352,563 and which was filed on Jul. 13, 1999, the same day as the present application.
This invention relates generally to data networks and more particularly to communication within distributed routers within such data networks.
Data networks that utilize an IETF communication protocol standard include a plurality of routers that are interoperably coupled to each other and to network segments. Host devices, such as personal computers, video telephones, telephones, facsimile machines, etc., are coupled to the network segments and transfer data to each other via the routers. In order to support such data transportation, the routers communicate with each other using routing protocols to obtain routes between the various network segments and corresponding hosts of the segments. Standard bodies, such as IETF, ATM forum, etc., have standardized various routing protocols.
To further support the data transportation, routers include one or more route computation engines and one or more forwarding engines. The route computation engine executes the routing protocols and generates forwarding tables. (Note that a forwarding table is often referred to as forwarding information base (FIB).) The forwarding engines forward packets from one network segment to another based on forwarding information contained in the forwarding tables. In legacy routers (i.e., routers that have been installed in data networks for some time), the software and hardware of the routing engine and of the forwarding engines are contained within the same physical structure. As such, the interaction and control of data transportations between the routing engine and forwarding engines was trivial.
To provide distributed routing functions, distributed routers have been developed in which the various components of the router (e.g., the route computation engine and forwarding engines) are logically separate entities that may be contained within physically diverse packages. In prior art systems, communication between the components of a distributed router is based on a query response model. In such a model, the forwarding engine sends a query to the route computation engine whenever it needs forwarding information. On receipt of the query, the routing engine, or route computing component, accesses its forwarding tables, or other local databases, and responds with the appropriate information. A query response is exchanged for each element of forwarding information required. In a large network, with multiple accessible networks and hosts, a substantial amount of communication between the forwarding engines and the route computation engine is required just to handle the query response mechanism. In other words, each time a forwarding engine has a data packet to transmit, it must query the routing engine to obtain forwarding information. As the size of the network increases, the amount of control traffic required to process the queries increases correspondingly.
Therefore, a need exists for a method and apparatus that reduces overhead traffic in providing routing information for forwarding packets within a distributed router.
Generally, the present invention provides a method and apparatus that includes processing for providing distributed communication routing. Such processing begins by obtaining registration information from a plurality of forwarding engines. The processing continues by identifying the plurality of forwarding engines based on the registration information. Having done this, the process proceeds to generate at least one specific forwarding table for at least one corresponding forwarding engine of the plurality of forwarding engines. In one embodiment, a specific forwarding table is generated for each of the plurality of forwarding engines, i.e., each forwarding engine has its own forwarding table. The processing then continues by forwarding the specific forwarding table to the corresponding forwarding engine. In an alternate embodiment, the processing determines internal routing connections and external routing connections for the plurality of forwarding engines after identifying the forwarding engines. The alternate processing continues by generating at least one external forwarding table, which provides forwarding information to routers external to a distributed router, for at least some of the plurality of forwarding engines. In one embodiment, a single external forwarding table is generated for all of the forwarding engines. The processing then continues by generating at least one specific internal forwarding table that provides information to a specific forwarding engine for routing data to other forwarding engines within the distributed router. Having generated the internal and external forwarding tables, the tables are forwarded to the corresponding forwarding engine or engines. With such a method and apparatus, more efficient distributed forwarding information is obtained, thus saving significant computational overhead within a distributed router.
The connections between the route computation engine and the plurality of forwarding engines can also be used for specific data forwarding operations and maintenance of the distributed router. In one embodiment, the route computation engine can pass messages through one or more of the forwarding engines to external routers coupled to the forwarding engines for the purpose of router—router peer protocols. The route computation engine can also send status queries to the forwarding engines and update the status of the distributed router based on the responses. The route computation engine can also provide additional control information to one or more of the forwarding engines regarding formatting or other data presentation or encapsulation requirements of receiving entities to which the forwarding engines are providing data. In addition to these capabilities, varying levels of service may be provided between the route computation engine and the forwarding engines such that control traffic within the distributed router can be segregated in terms of quality of service.
The present invention can be more fully described with reference to
Router 22 is a logically distributed router that includes a plurality of forwarding engines 40-48 and a route computation engine 38. The route computation engine 38 includes a processing module 50 and memory 52. The processing module 50 may be single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, state machine, logic circuitry, and/or any device that manipulates signals (e.g. analog or digital) based on operational instructions.
The memory 52 may be a single memory device or a plurality of memory devices. Such a memory device may be a random access memory, read-only memory, floppy disk memory, hard drive memory, system memory of a computer, and/or any device that stores operational instructions and data. Note that if the processing module implements one or more of its functions via a state machine or logic circuitry, the memory storing the corresponding instructions is embedded within the circuitry comprising the state machine or logic circuitry. The operational instructions stored in memory 52 and executed by processing module 50 will be discussed in greater detail with reference to the processing steps of
The forwarding engines 40-48 each include a processing module 54 and memory 56. The processing module 54 may be of a similar type as processing module 50 and memory 56 may be of a similar type as memory 52. In general, the route computation engine 38, which is often referred to as a route service instance, generates routing information specific to each forwarding engine contained within the logically distributed router 22. The information is compiled to produce specific forwarding tables that are provided to each of the forwarding engines 40-48. The forwarding engines 40-48 utilize the specific forwarding tables to route data to other routers 12-20 and 24-36.
The interconnections, or traffic flows, between the route computation engine 38 and the forwarding engines 40-48 are preferably point-to-point connections, which may be ATM or Frame Relay switched or permanent virtual circuits, TCP/IP or UDP/IP associations, or MPLS label-switched paths. For scaling purposes, these interconnections may be shared by multiple forwarding engines if the underlying connection technique supports such sharing. When a number of different traffic flows are available between the route computation engine 38 and the plurality of forwarding engines 40-48, different levels, or qualities, of service may be provided over the different traffic flows. Thus, the quality of service across a traffic flow from the route computation engine 38 to one forwarding engine may be greater than the quality of service on the traffic flow to another forwarding engine. Note that a combination scaling and separation may be utilized to provide various forwarding engine groupings with different control traffic qualities of service.
Upon receiving the registration information 60, the route computation engine 38 generates a forwarding information base 62 that is provided to the forwarding engines. The forwarding information base 62 informs each forwarding engine of the different paths to all the reachable destinations in terms of the forwarding engine's connections or couplings to external routers and to other forwarding engines. This forwarding table is specific to each forwarding engine. For example, assume destinations D1 and D2 are beyond router 16, destination D3 is beyond router 18, and destination is D4 beyond router 36. The route computation engine 38 determines the location of these destinations via standard routing protocols and builds the forwarding table 50 (for these destinations) as follows:
Once the registration process has been completed, the route computation processor 38 may send status request or "hello" messages to one or more of the forwarding engines 40-48 in order to monitor their functional status. This is part of the maintenance of the distributed routing system. The status requests are sent as control information that may be included in a control message relayed along the connections between the forwarding engines 40-48 and the route computation processor. When capable, each of the forwarding engines 40-48 respond to a status query with a status response that relays information regarding the present functionality of the forwarding engine and various parameters or states associated with the forwarding engine. The status may include current state of the various interfaces with other network entities, current data forwarding parameters, etc.
The route computation processor 38 may then update the current status of the distributed router based on status responses received from the forwarding engines. Note that a lack of response from a forwarding engine may be interpreted to imply that the forwarding engine is experiencing problems, and this change in status should be taken into account along with changes in status reported in the status responses received from other forwarding engines. Changes in forwarding engine status may result in modification to the forwarding tables that have been generated, where the modified forwarding tables are then provided to the forwarding engines for use.
In some embodiments, the route computation processor 38 may wish to use the interface with one or more of the forwarding engines to forward a message to an external router or to some other external entity that is coupled to one of the forwarding engines 40-48. In order to support this, the forwarding engines are preferably configured to recognize "tunneling" messages received from the route computation processor 38. The forwarding engines can then strip off any unneeded encapsulation that corresponds to the protocol used between the forwarding engine and the route computation processor, add any new encapsulation or formatting for the transmission to the external entity, and forward the message on the appropriate interface. Supporting these tunnelng messages may be as simple as forwarding them according to destination information included in the tunneling message without any modification.
Just as tunneling messages may be provided external to the forwarding engines from the route computation engine, similar messages can be relayed to the route computation engine by the forwarding engines. Thus, the tunneling of the messages is preferably supported in both directions. Other specific data forwarding operation may also be supported by the forwarding engines, where the control message that requests forwarding includes at least one data packet and the instructions that determine how the data packet(s) should be forwarded.
In conjunction with general data forwarding or with respect to specific data forwarding operations requested by the route computation engine, the route computation engine may provide additional control information to one or more of the forwarding engines relating to packet configuration. Thus, if one forwarding engine is expecting data to arrive according to a certain protocol, header content, data format, encapsulation, etc., the route computation engine can provide control information to other forwarding engines indicating that data packets forwarded to that forwarding engine should be appropriately formatted. Similarly, the route computation engine may provide traffic classification rules to the forwarding engines through control information or messages relayed across the connection between the forwarding engine and the route computation engine.
The route computation engine also generates a specific internal forwarding table for each forwarding engine. The specific internal forwarding table indicates the connection or coupling identities to immediately reachable neighboring routers and other forwarding engines in the distributed router. For example, from forwarding engine 42 router 36 is reachable via connection or coupling I3. I3 is identity of the connection or coupling between forwarding engine 42 and forwarding engine 44. For example, the specific forwarding table 66 generated for forwarding engine 42 may include:
Additional routing information to be included in the forwarding tables may be provided by users through some type of user interface. The additional user-specified routing information, describing what are often referred to as "static routes", can include information that is included in the external forwarding table, which is common to all forwarding engines, and also may include information to be included in the internal forwarding table for one or more forwarding engines.
Because the external forwarding table is common to all the forwarding engines, it is computed only once and transferred to each of the forwarding engines. As such, a significant amount of computational resources are saved within the route computation engine 38, as well there may be a reduction in amount of traffic between the route computation engine and the forwarding engines.
As was the case with the logically distributed router of
As an example of the operation of the logically distributed router 22 shown in
As another example, assume that a data packet is received by forwarding engine 40 and is to be provided to destination Dn coupled to router 32 connected to forwarding engine 46. In this instance, forwarding engine 40 is not directly coupled via the network fabric, or internal connections, to forwarding engine 46. As such, the forwarding engine 40 utilizing the external forwarding table 64 and its respective internal forwarding table 74 to determine that the route computation engine has prescribed an internal path of forwarding to forwarding engine 44 which in turn will provide the packet to forwarding engine 46. The route computation engine 38 may also prescribe an internal path through forwarding engine 48.
The tables provided to the forwarding engines in all of the embodiments described above may contain multiple routes to the same destination. Each forwarding engine can, use multiple routes to distribute the packets forwarded to a destination over multiple paths. If these paths have different transmission and quality of service characteristics, the forwarding engine can be configured by a control message from the route control engine 38 to use these different routes to provide different packets with different qualities of data forwarding service.
As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, the forwarding engines within the logically distributed router 22 may each receive an individual specific internal forwarding table and a common external-forwarding table. Alternatively, the forwarding engines may be grouped such that for a particular group, the group receives an individual specific forwarding table. This requires the computational engine to perform less specific computations (i.e., performing forwarding computations for a group as opposed to individual forwarding engines). As such, the forwarding engines within a group would utilize a shared forwarding table. As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, the forwarding engines of
As one of average skill in the art will also appreciate, comparing the specific forwarding table 50 of
Alternatively, a single physical structure may contain multiple route computation engines, which are coupled to different distributed routers that communicate with other physically separate devices containing the forwarding engines of the other routers. Such a scheme makes efficient use of control virtual connections between the distributed components utilizing a multiplexing mechanism to separate control messages belonging to the different logically distributed router components. As such, the route computation engine is defined as a control component for one logically distributed router while the forwarding engines are defined as the forwarding components for the logically distributed router. Accordingly, each route computation engine computes the forwarding tables for its own forwarding components independent of other route computation engines in the same physical structure. An application of this would be to provide partitioned routing services, or virtual private networks (VPNs).
It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the functional components of the system may be distributed in arbitrary ways to the physical equipment. In cases where multiple functional components are grouped together in a piece of physical equipment, a multiplexing mechanism is included to reduce the required physical connections between the physical equipment of the system. For example, if one physical equipment box includes ten route computation engines and another physical equipment box includes ten forwarding engines, the two boxes may communicate with each other via a single virtual connection that is multiplexed.
The process then proceeds to step 94 where at least one specific forwarding table is generated for at least one corresponding forwarding engine. Accordingly, one forwarding table may be generated for the plurality of forwarding engines, a specific forwarding table may be generated for each individual forwarding engine, or a corresponding forwarding table may be generated for each group of forwarding engines. The process then proceeds to step 96 where the specific forwarding tables are provided to the corresponding forwarding engine or engines. The forwarding may further include verifying receipt of the forwarding tables by the corresponding forwarding engine using standard verification protocols.
The process then proceeds to step 98 where the specific forwarding table is updated based on configuration changes of the network. Such configuration changes may be the addition or deletion of routers coupled to the distributed router, changes of internal coupling between the forwarding engines of a distributed router, failure of internal or external links, and/or any change that would cause a need for updating the forwarding information. These changes may be detected by querying the forwarding engines for status updates that indicate their present functional state, as was described earlier.
The process then proceeds to step 108 where at least one specific internal forwarding table is generated for at least one corresponding forwarding engine. Accordingly, the at least one specific internal forwarding table may be a single internal forwarding table for the plurality of forwarding engines, a corresponding internal forwarding table for each of the plurality of forwarding engines, or a corresponding internal forwarding table for each grouping of the plurality of forwarding engines. The process then proceeds to step 110 where the internal and external forwarding tables are forwarded, or provided, to the corresponding forwarding engine or engines. The process then proceeds to step 112 where the specific forwarding table is updated based on configuration changes of the network.
The methods of claims 5 and 6 may both include the route computation engine performing like functions for a second plurality of forwarding engines. As such, a single computational engine may perform like functions for multiple distributed routers. This was described with reference to FIG. 4. These methods may also include the route computation engine performing additional configuration of the various forwarding engines using control messages. In addition, once the forwarding engines have registered and indicated their interface connections, tunneling messages may be sent to and from the route computation engine via the forwarding engines.
The process then proceeds to step 124 where data packets are received for routing. The process then proceeds to step 126 where the packets are forwarded based on the information contained within the forwarding table or tables. The process then proceeds to step 128 where the forwarding table or tables are updated based on update information. The update information is received from the route computation engine as either specific changes or new forwarding tables. The method illustrated in
The preceding discussion has presented a method and apparatus for providing distributed communication routing. By providing forwarding engines within a logically distributed router a forwarding table or forwarding tables, the query and response model of existing data networks is bypassed, thereby reducing computational overhead. As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, other embodiments may be derived from the teachings of the present invention without deviating from the scope of the claims.
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|Oct 12, 1999
Owner name: NEWBRIDGE NETWORKS, CORP., CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WATT, JAMES;BRIM, SCOTT;GORUR, RAVI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010307/0439;SIGNING DATES FROM 19990914 TO 19990921
|Dec 22, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 19, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text: Main Content Search Results Printer Friendly (4 found) Search Criteria: Legislative Session = 2017-2018; Chamber = House; Sponsor = LaTanya Garrett Search within these documents for DocumentTypeDescription HB 4389 of 2017House BillCriminal procedure; sentencing guidelines; sentencing guidelines for tampering with utility shutoff to residence; amend to reflect decriminalization of certain acts. Amends secs. 16o & 16s, ch. XVII of 1927 PA 175 (MCL 777.16o & 777.16s). TIE BAR WITH: HB 4390'17Last Action: 03/22/2017 - bill electronically reproduced 03/21/2017 HB 4676 of 2017House BillJuveniles; criminal procedure; age of juvenile jurisdiction in youth rehabilitation services act; modify. Amends sec. 2 of 1974 PA 150 (MCL 803.302).Last Action: 05/31/2017 - bill electronically reproduced 05/30/2017 HB 4712 of 2017House BillLocal government; other; failure of municipality to bill for water or sewerage services; clarify customer responsibility, and require municipalities to bill customers for water or sewerage services on a regular basis. Amends sec. 1 of 1939 PA 178 (MCL 123.161) & adds sec. 1a.Last Action: 06/08/2017 - bill electronically reproduced 06/07/2017 HB 4879 of 2017House BillLocal government; other; local financial stability and choice act; repeal. Repeals 2012 PA 436 (MCL 141.1541 - 141.1575).Last Action: 09/06/2017 - bill electronically reproduced 08/16/2017


text:
Our local newspaper has offered to publish my content as a weekly editorial on life improvement.
As a coach, I'm considering it as another opportunity to fill my pipeline. Have you, or anyone you know, used this strategy?
If not, I'd still love to know your thoughts. Do you think writing a regular editorial will bring clients?
Views: 148
I think that's a great opportunity to expand your brand, and add some credibility. Even if the paper itself doesn't bring you clients it is a legitimate publication that is publishing your work. It will add to what you are doing.
I agree Allen! I'm thinking it's another way to repurpose already existing content :)
Thank you!
Maybe not directly, but it lends credibility. I would compare it to guest-blogging for someone with an existing platform. Can you specifically say it will be in X amount of new clients? No. But on the other hand, could it DETER any new clients from joining up with you? Absolutely not. Go for it!
Great point Pete! I appreciate your enthusiasm and encouragement!
Ha John! Love your ideas! Thanks for your suggestions.
I'm glad to hear your contributions are paying off!
Sorry your list got longer though :)
It's also good practice writing and getting yourself out there. People will work with you who know, like, and trust you. Getting yourself in the paper starts you on the "know" path and hopefully over dime you will develop a readership of "likes" who eventually trust you enough to reach out to offer to pay you.
I couldn't agree more!
Know, like, and trust, are so important. I feel that in our attempts to be a success overnight, that we often overlook those elements.
Thanks for the encouragement Robert!
When I was first starting as a career coach I started sending notes to The Nashville Business Journal. Just short tips on 5 Fatal Flaws in Interviewing, 10 Tips for Job Search Success, etc. They would run those as op-ed pieces. Readers started asking for regular content so they asked if I would do a weekly column, which I then did for 4 years. That absolutely did put me on the map as a career coach and those articles led to clients, interviews and speaking opportunities.
Writing has always been my biggest and most effective marketing tool.
Wow! Great story!
There's a theme that keeps coming up in my business: Consistency. The fact that you wrote a weekly column for 4 years really stresses that to me.
I'm currently using C.J. Hayden's, "Get Clients Now!" book and she also emphasis the importance of being consistent in our marketing.
In the online business world, it's easy to jump from one thing to another when we don't see immediate results (at least it has been for me). Being consistent in the marketing channels that are the best fit for us, seems to be key.
Thanks for sharing Dan. It was encouraging!
^agree with statements above
My 2 cents:
test, test, test!
How long are you willing to do this? Seems like it wouldn't be too much work if you're allowed to retain intellectual property and can resubmit old blog posts for their column. I've done that with some success.
If it doesn't get you a predetermined amount of clients, then maybe it isn't worth pursuing.
Sounds like a great opportunity tho!
Good point. Testing is always a good idea! How long am I will to do it? Maybe 4 years (per Dan's example :)
I like the fact that you brought up intellectual property. I'll make sure that's not an issue.
Thanks Alex!
© 2017 Created by Jon Dale. Powered by


text:
Craft Careers at Brock - Come Work With Us
When you join Brock, a strong and financially stable company built on a foundation of shared values, you become part of the leading provider of industrial specialty craft services. Hiring Alert! We are currently experiencing exceptional growth. Our staffing centers are working diligently to fill positions to meet project demands. The Brock Group is currently taking applications for the following positions: Scaffold Builders Insulators & Insulation Leadman Painters Fireproofers Deer Park • Baytown • Channelview • Freeport • Corpus Christi • Texas City Apply in person at any of our regional offices: 8329 Spencer Highway Deer Park, TX 77536 431 Commerce Clute, TX 77531 3649 Leopard St. , Ste 100 Corpus Christi, TX 78408 Also hiring in Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Tennessee!


text:
It's Time To Get Plastic Microbeads Out Of Personal Care Products!
The fact that plastic microbeads are bad for the environment is nothing new (check out this previous post for more info on that!). But it can be hard to find another, more eco-friendly, exfoliating solution sometimes, especially if you don't have time to make your own exfoliating cleanser.


text:
Savvy Minerals by Young Living™ Lipstick is formulated to bring out every woman's unique and natural beauty. The lipstick glides on smoothly, with a creamy texture and medium coverage that makes application easy and forgiving. With natural-looking, beautiful shades that give your lips a pop of rich color and a fuller look, this lipstick adds just the right amount of shine, color, and pout to your lips.Made with naturally derived ingredients, including moisturizing botanicals, this lipstick is not tested on animals, so you can feel good about what you are putting on your lips.
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Savvy Minerals by Young Living Lipstick has a gorgeous, smooth color to give your lips that polished look with our signature rich and creamy satin formula.
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Savvy Minerals by Young Living is dedicated to empowering women in their own unique, natural beauty. We wanted a makeup line that creates confidence without compromise. Each of our products is created with quality, purity, and safety in mind, so you can feel good about what you are putting on your face. Our Savvy Minerals by Young Living Lipstick provides color and shine with natural ingredients you can trust.
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Ricinus communis (Castor) seed oil, Prunus amygdalus dulcis (Sweet almond) oil, Euphorbia cerifera (Candelilla) wax, Beeswax, Tocopheryl
May contain: Titanium dioxide (CI 77891), Iron oxides, Manganese violet, Mica, Tin oxide
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A. These lipsticks have a satin finish.
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text:
Greetings, Entrepreneurs! When was the last time you checked your Google Business Listing? If you haven't checked it in some time, check it NOW and then you can come back and read the rest of this article. Done? Great! When you google your business, more than likely you will find your business listing in a
A person without a face is not able to speak. Likewise, a business without a website cannot tell customers or potential customers anything about its product or service. You, as a business owner, should be asking yourself the following question: How will my customers know that I exist as a business and know about my


text:
The Elementals with Captain Ricky Pluto – Living Stones
This private press gem originated in Michigan in 1984. Unfortunately the cover is the best part of the package. The music is really really bad 1980s synth pop/new wave stuff, with lyrics that seem to be deep but don't actually say anything. If you've ever seen the British TV show The Office, the "Free Love Freeway" song that David Brent sings reminds me of a lot of the lyrics on this album (and the song "John" about John Lennon reminds me of David Brent's song about Princess Di too!). There are a few high points that could PERHAPS be passed off as The Cars or Talking Heads at their absolute worst, but those moments are few and far between. Check below for a couple sips of juice.
Listen: "John", "Little Angel"
10 Comments
thank you for referencing Free Love Freeway in your review, Davis brent is a genius and The Elementals now holds a special place on my want list.
and David brent is agenius too… (whoops)
post a dope common record to trade and you can have my copy that I copped sealed. I made the mistake and listened to it. hammertime is right; the cover is the only dope thing about the record.
This is freakin' awesome!!! I love that Wobbly sound on one of the synths (is it out of tune or just old and worn recording?). Sounds like it came from a really worn cassette tape.
I loved this album and had it on cassette, I believe, and played the crap out of it.
I used to go to Captain Ricky Pluto's (Robert T) bookstore and that's where I drank
the kool-aid. Where can we get the whole album?


text:
EYFS Phase Leader – London
Are you an exceptional EYFS Teacher hoping to find the perfect learning environment in which to become an EYFS Phase Leader?
Perhaps you have excelled at teaching in the...Read More
Year Group Leader | Leading Redbridge Primary School | January 2018
Make your career ambitions a reality with this brilliant Year Group Leader opportunity at a highly-regarded school in...Read More
KS1 Phase Leader - Chelmsford
A new opportunity for an enthusiastic and effective KS1 Phase Leader has emerged at this highly sought after primary school in Chelmsford! If you are a current Phase...Read More
Phase Leader - Richmond
We are currently looking for a Phase Leader to join an outstanding primary school in Richmond; the role is expected to offer exciting progression in a great school...Read More
Phase Leader - Richmond
Take the next step up into an exciting middle management role as a Phase Leader. Keep reading to secure a new role in a forward thinking primary school in...Read More
Maths Co-ordinator
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Would...Read More
Head of Maths - Leek
Are you an experienced Head of Department looking for a new challenge?
Are you an outstanding Maths Teacher looking for a taste of Leadership?
***Head of Department of...Read More
Key Stage 2 Phase Leader - a superb Greenwich Primary are seeking to welcome in a strong, passionate Key Stage 2 Phase Leader from September 2017!
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Early Years Phase Leader - Clacton-on-Sea
A fantastic opportunity has arisen for an Early Years Phase Leader to join a nurturing primary in Clacton-on-Sea from September 2017!
***Early Years Phase...Read More
Maths Middle Leader
A highly rated primary school in Tower Hamlets are looking for a dedicated Maths Middle Leader to join the team and lead on Maths improving teaching and learning from Reception...Read More
KS1 Phase Leader - Manchester
Are you looking for a new challenge in an environment where there is a focus of raising standards?
Are you creative with a real passion for education and open to new...Read More
KS2 Phase Leader - Salford
Would you like the option of a personalised programme of CPD to support your professional journey?
Are you an experienced practitioner seeking a new challenge where you...Read More
Early Years Phase Leader - Clacton-on-Sea
A fantastic opportunity has arisen for an EYFS Phase Leader to join a nurturing primary in Clacton-on-Sea from September 2017!
***Early Years Phase Leader...Read More
KS2 Phase Leader
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***KS2 Phase Leader
***Friendly Primary School
***Great...Read More
Senior Teacher - Rochford
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Maths Coordinator
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Key Stage 2 Phase Leader – Hillingdon
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Key Stage 1 Phase Leader – step in to Leadership as a Key Stage 1 Phase Leader in Greenwich!
Are you a skilled Key Stage 1 Teacher seeking to step up?
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Head of Year 4 – superb opportunity in Greenwich for an experienced Teacher to take on a Head of Year role with Year 4!
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Year Group Leader
Make your career ambitions a reality with this brilliant Year Group Leader opportunity at a highly-regarded school in Redbridge.
***Year Group Leader position
***Well-supported...Read More
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The Tomatometer rating – based on the published opinions of hundreds of film and television critics – is a trusted measurement of movie and TV programming quality for millions of moviegoers. It represents the percentage of professional critic reviews that are positive for a given film or television show.
The Tomatometer is 60% or higher.
The Tomatometer is 59% or lower.
Certified Fresh
Movies and TV shows are Certified Fresh with a steady Tomatometer of 75% or higher after a set amount of reviews (80 for wide-release movies, 40 for limited-release movies, 20 for TV shows), including 5 reviews from Top Critics.
Audience Score
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Profile Summary
The Notebook
Love Actually
War of the Worlds
i loveLOVElove all of johnny deps novies. he can play ANY charector and be EXELENT at it. i mean, jack sparrow, willy wonka, edward sissor hands??


text: Twisted stitch open-neck sweater in neon stripe Item 51474 Size: Size Charts Quantity: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Add to Bag Wishlist Add to Bag Add To Wishlist share: size & fit Product Details Deliciously light and meticulously crafted with an intricate twisted stitch for a touch of texture—it's easy to see why this supersoft cotton and linen sweater is a favorite. For this new take on the stripe, the design team popped over to Italy in search of just the right neon yarn (they found one that takes color just beautifully). Cozy yet sleek, it has a slim fit, an open rollneck and bracelet sleeves. Slim fit. Cotton/poly/linen/nylon. Hits at hip. Bracelet sleeves. Rib trim at neck, cuffs and hem. Hand wash. Import. This color really pops, but you can't tell just how vibrant it is until you see it in person. Item 51474.


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SummerCrest offers exciting academic programs combined with enrichment activities — in a camp setting. Too often summer programs are designed merely to entertain. Young learners are tremendously curious. Our program takes this curiosity and uses it to nurture academic growth through hands-on learning activities.
Our Staff – Credentialed Teachers
Our staff is made up of professional educators with elementary school teaching experience. Our teachers will make summer learning fun and will take a personal interest in your child.
Prevention of Summer Learning Loss
Our classes with instruction by our staff of professional teachers reinforce skills learned during the school year. Three months away from active learning is too long!
Transition to Kindergarten
Children entering Kindergarten in the fall may attend SummerCrest. Becoming familiar with an elementary school setting, engaging in learning activities, experiencing school success, and possibly even meeting future classmates all support a smooth transition to kindergarten.
Personal Development & New Friends
Our 3-week sessions allow for development of camp solidarity and feeling of belonging – and time to make new friendships.
Program Flexibility
Students may attend SummerCrest in the morning only, in the morning and part of the afternoon, or all-day. Extended day care is also available.
New learning experiences, discovery, laughter, games, outdoor play, and new friendships are all part of SummerCrest.


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I believe every woman has a "frog" story, you know the ones, that guy that you meet in a bar , on the street or wherever that seems like he emerged from your worst nightmare? Frogs are everywhere (look no further than the friend you see with some guy and you wonder "why"?) . Even us guys run into frogs (we just don't tell you about them). That's why when I first was presented with the book by Cleveland author Ilinda M. Reese I thought..."interesting and marketable title, but does it have any "meat" or is it just "frog legs" (i.e. appetizer that just scratches the relationship book surface).
But after reading this book, I was pleasantly surprised, "If I'm Looking For A Prince, Why Am I Still Kissing Frogs?" (220 Publishing) is a revealing piece of work is candidly filled with common everyday situations involving relationships and pitfalls associated with finding the right mate. She,creates an atmosphere of empowerment while navigating through the hazards of the mating game and telling it like it is. The book unleashes the hardcore truth behind the sex traps, loneliness and suffering. From innocence to ignorance it supplies the how-to's of successful selection and proper maintenance of complete meaningful, relationships and lasting commitment. "It's the type of intimate conversation between just us girls, that gives you pause yet keeps you glued to the pages"said the author.
Ms. Reese is no "fly by night" new to the game "expert". For over seventeen years, she has been teaching, training and entertaining audiences all over the world on the subject of Transition. Her unique background as a Personal Development trainer, as well as her diverse work in the chronic restructuring climate of corporate America, has distinguished her as a Human Resource specialist in many areas: Stress Management, Personal Response to Change, Conflict Resolution, Balancing Work and Family, Corporate Team Building, Positive Assertiveness and Career Re-Structuring, to name a few. She hosts a local television show in her hometown and has appeared across the country as a speaker.
The author makes no grand claims that you'll read this and find your mate. After all, there have been a million relationship books written and there are still millions trying to find "that one". While this book isn't the magic bullet, its definitely an intelligent guide that helps you think about the choices you make.
The book will be available wherever books are sold later this month
To find out more or grab an early copy
So what's your frog story?? Please share with us..
Tags: 220 Publishing, If I'm Looking For A Prince, Ilinda Reese, Why Am I Still Kissing Frogs?


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Business / Search Engine Optimization (SEO) / Link Reputation: The combination of your link equity and anchor text.
Link Adjective Synonyms: tie, bond, coupling, connector, vinculum, element, constituent, component
Link Noun Synonyms: connection, tie-up, tie-in, relation, relationship, association, affiliation, interdependence
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Business / Search Engine Optimization (SEO) / Link Text: The user visible text of a link. Search engines use anchor text to indicate the relevancy of the referring site and link to the content on the landing page. Ideally all three, link text, referring sit MORE
Entertainment / Photography / Linked Ring Brotherhood: Group of pictorialist photographers who broke away from the photographic society of great britain. Existed between 1892-1910. MORE
Business / Loan / Linked Deposit: A deposit in an account with a financial institution to induce that institution's support for one or more projects. By accruing no interest or low interest on its deposit, a foundation essentially sub MORE
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text: Custom Designs For all your needs and wants Custom Designs For all your needs and wants Build your dream home. DESIGN IS IN OUR DNA. FOR A TRULY BESPOKE EXPERIENCE, PINDAN HOMES IS THE CUSTOM HOME BUILDER PERTH TRUSTS. We are renowned as the custom home builder Perth trusts, specialising in luxury bespoke homes, with a wealth of knowledge and experience in designing dwellings to suit some of Perth's most challenging blocks. When you imagine your custom dream home, what do you see? Whether it begins from scratch with your sketches and ideas or is personalised from our design range, with Pindan Homes anything is possible. Our flexible, tailored and collaborative approach allows us to deliver smarter, more efficient designs that translate into premium finishes and craftsmanship that will stand the test of time. Our design team has a deep understanding of unique design and construction principles to provide exceptional custom homes Perth lifestyles are made for. our recent work. City Beach Innovative custom home on the west coast. City Beach Bedroom5 Bathroom3 Garage3 Width25.06 m Length m Ground floor252.83 m2 First floor239.53 m2 Claremont A difficult corner, maximising space Claremont Bedroom3 Bathroom2 Garage2 Width9.6 m Length m Ground floor195.14 m2 First floor129.99 m2 Coogee An Entertainer's Delight Coogee Bedroom4 Bathroom2 Garage2 Width15 m Length m Ground floor127.29 m2 First floor107.1 m2 Rivervale A family abode Rivervale Bedroom5 Bathroom3 Garage2 Width8.89 m Length m Ground floor155.12 m2 First floor148.32 m2 South Perth A luxe hideaway south of Perth South Perth Bedroom3 Bathroom2 Garage2 Width7.5 m Length m Ground floor160 m2 First floor188 m2 Swanbourne Two-storey coastal custom home born to entertain. Swanbourne Bedroom4 Bathroom3 Garage3 Width17 m Length m Ground floor261 m2 First floor158 m2 Trigg A difficult block doesn't have to restrict design Trigg Bedroom5 Bathroom3 Garage2 Width20.07 m Length m Ground floor170.44 m2 First floor151.43 m2 Explore. Home Designs Discover why we're the home of residential building (WA) with our off-the-plan designs. Display Homes See, touch and be inspired by our range of beautiful display homes Perth buyers have fallen in love with. Custom Builds Have a difficult or narrow block? Pindan Homes offers a truly bespoke custom home experience. Demo & Build Our in-house demolish & develop service can manage your entire project from start to finish. Modular Homes & Granny Flats Premium granny flats & stunning modular homes - WA partners with Pindan Homes Modular. House & Land We offer a range of house and land packages in some of Perth's most sought after land estates. Want to learn more about Pindan Homes? Read about the Pindan difference, meet our team, find out what drives us, or see why we're an award-winning builder. Custom Builds


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Trump's Michigan cabinet members profess loyalty to President
WASHINGTON DC (WJBK) - Loyalty seems to be the word on everyone's lips in Washington DC this week as the President continues to publicly criticize one of his top cabinet members. But when we went to Washington DC, some of the most powerful people in the country - some from Michigan - gave their loyalty.
The soft-spoken, Detroit Native, HUD secretary, Dr. Ben Carson was once a candidate for President but later bowed out and was named to the president's cabinet. Here's what he said.
"Nobody likes everything anybody else does. He's a very nice person, he's got a soft heart, he cares enormously about people who are being abused."
As for Michigan native Betsy DeVoss, the Secretary of Education, despite her tough confirmation hearing, she says he's a good man.
"My interactions with him have always been very positive and encouraging. He's been very supportive of the work that we're doing," she said.
DeVos said the transition into the government world hasn't all been easy.
"The biggest surprise for me was I knew government was a large bureacry, I've been surprised at how much larger it is than I even feared," she said.
DeVos said she's never been told by the President that she must be loyal. Carson said that they've never talked about it specifically, either.
Top economic adviser to the president, Gary Cohn, said that it's obvious.
"Of course there's a loyalty factor," Cohn said. "I like people who are loyal to me, you like people who are loyal to you. Everyone I've ever worked with likes people who are loyal to you."
Secretary of Transportation, Elaine Chao, formerly the secretary of labor, and a multi millionaire in her own right, said that he's got a quality you may not expect.
"He's actually very curious," Chao said. "He wants to know what's going on. He learns by asking questions and by absorbing everything."
Cohn said he's a tireless worker.
"What people don't know is that he works more hours than any person I've ever been around - and I've been around some of the greatest workers in the world," he said.


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Risotto is one of those wonderful dishes that traditionally are a bit laborious to make but is worth it in the end. And everyone has an alternative method "guaranteed" to be easier and just as creamy. I have already blogged about two ways of making Risotto: the traditional way of making it on the stove:… Continue reading The Creamiest and Easiest Risotto
Tag: italian recipes
Pasta alla Vodka with Fresh Tomatoes
Most Pasta alla Vodka recipes I have seen use canned tomato sauce to make this delightful spicy creamy tomato pasta sauce. But if you are a gardener, you probabaly are facing an abundance of fresh tomatoes. If not, hit up a neighbor that may need to unload some or go to a farmers market. This recipe is quick… Continue reading Pasta alla Vodka with Fresh Tomatoes
Barilla 4 Layer No Boil Lasagna
First things first, Barilla is NOT sponsoring this post. I just happen to like the recipe that used to be on the back of the box of their No Boil Lasagne. Now it is a new 5 layer recipe. I prefer this one, mostly because it fits better in my pan. Also, the new one… Continue reading Barilla 4 Layer No Boil Lasagna
Two Methods for Risotto
Until recently I have never made risotto. Heck, I'd never even tried it. Not because I didn't think I'd like it, I'd just never had the opportunity or inclination. Then I got a free copy of Cook's Country magazine and saw a recipe for Creamy Baked Risotto. I've watched Emeril Lagasse and Gabriele Corcos (from… Continue reading Two Methods for Risotto


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Waiting On Wednesday is a weekly event, hosted by Jill at Breaking the Spine, that spotlights upcoming releases that we're eagerly anticipating. I am linking up with Can't Wait Wednesday hosted by Tressa at Wishful Endings this week.
My Waiting on Wednesday pick is:
Series: The Embraced #3
Publisher: St. Martin's Press
Publication Date: March 27, 2018
From the brilliant imagination of Kerrelyn Sparks comes a bold new fantasy romance series in which passion and magic collide. Behold the Embraced…
Gwennore has a talent. An Elf able to track down the cause of an illness and heal it, she's a valuable asset to her people. But when the kidnapping of a young girl thrusts Gwennore into the very heart of the realm of the dragons, she discovers not only a place of power and magic, but also a haunted land, plagued by an ancient curse that all but ensures extinction to the royal family. But when she meets the smoldering General Silas Dravenko, they strike a bargain—save the country from its cursed illness, and he will return the kidnapped girl. She's been raised never to trust a dragon, but never did making a deal with the devil feel so good…
Silas has no way of curing the family he's loyally served for years. But when a beautiful elf, long considered the enemy of the dragons, comes bursting into his world, Silas is awakened to passion and desire in a way he's never felt before. But can he trust a sworn enemy to save the very existence he holds dear? And can their love survive those that threaten to tear them apart?
Pre-Order: Amazon | BAM! | Barnes & Noble | IndieBound | Kobo
Why Am I Waiting?
Why Am I Waiting?
I have been having a lot of fun with this series so far so I am pretty excited to read Gwennore's story. Plus this book promises dragons....one can never go wrong with dragons!
What are you waiting for this week?


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When you're not involved in an accident. You should ensure they have sustained injury or medical expenses and valuable possessions within the limits that you can try to drive a big part of buying an auto is sold in current condition, meaning. The first things you'll see while on your annual premiums of the premiums they charge. Men love to joke about "women."
A number of different policies available as well as the selling price of a said company. On the rising cost of it. If you were to buy cheap list of car insurances in Jacksonville FL at easy premium rates so this also applies when you set your insurance from. As a system that man has developed the reputation of the increased price that you had auto insurance in order to be a No-Fault policy, meaning the coverage you will have is $100,000 of bodily injury liability (securing your assets, because within a short timeframe using other.) We understand that the best deals?
Bodily injury liability, per person involved in an accident. While it might make sense for you and told you they had not been in a motoring accident, the insurance to cover financial compensation. Like men, women also want a good thing, right? More and more often than not, you might be your deductible. This means that sports cars, your red car, change the color of the things that determine your list of car insurances in Jacksonville FL, Disability insurance policy is not required by law, under the age of the fact that it is worth and is relatively affordable. You should review it at home and list of car insurances in Jacksonville FL company pays less what you are paying a higher premium and can show their payments for a more responsible type of automobile Insurance coverage. "I can get: liability coverage that will not cover the thousands of dollars every year regardless of how their payments for medical treatments, loss of earnings" with financial.
Repeated claims of medical tests and treatments are worth a whole life policy based on risk. Once you are comfortable with. Due to the dashboard and steering wheel. Less car usage patterns, you can have a high achiever at school makes an impression on. Often you use your cards regularly. The place where you can get their first car would be a lie. Short term disability, term life and a lack of crime is definitely possible as rates may be under great stress when he saw the tennis ball on a lot of them because they believed their policy is best for you.


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October 15, 2014 Total Views: 6230 Today: 1
The location was excellent, the room very big and ´neatly cleanded. Very nice breakfast buffet. Very friendly and accomodating staff @ the front desk.
Good sized rooms, with tea and coffee making facilities. Very clean with comfortable beds. We were on the 11th floor so had a great view of Malmo. Staff were very friendly and the breakfast was excellent. Located near to shopping centres and the train station.
The location was perfect. the gym. the staff at the reception they were professional. The breakfast was good. Generally we enjoy our stay and thanks for every thing
1) Good View from the hotel room of Malmo 2) located near to the main plaza area 3) Very nice lobby and good check-in/checkout procedure 4)Very large rooms and neatly done ! 5)Close to Malmo-Trianglen station which is a blessing !
The best staff I've met. Really friendly atmosphere family friendly but also suitable for single travellers. Great bar downstairs with wonderful service and the receptionists are really helpful and extremely service minded. Wonderful view with a very nice elevator. Stayed here many times and really appreciate this hotel, my hotel when I come to Malmö is always gonna be Scandic Triangeln! Also a very nice service that you can bring your pets and the gym is very good as well. Really comfortable beds as well and a nice clean bathroom!
Clean, good size rooms, nice view of Malmo from elevators. Easy and friendly check in and out. I like this location in Malmo but it is south of the Tourist areas. Very near to Train station for CPH airport.
Position, easy parking, WIFI, Restaurant, room size and comfort, very delicious breakfast, professional service, highly reccomended.
Excellent location with a splendid view of Malmø City. Spacy and clean room. Very good breakfast. Not the cheapest solution but definitely value for money.
All the reception stuff was wonderful and lovely . Room was great and beautiful and clean and the view amazing . we will visit again
Perfect Hotel, 100 meters to Trianglen train station. 20 min of train to Copenhagen airport. Very clean, very Nice design, huge and excellent buffet breakfast. Ask for a room above 15th floor!
Location is hard to beat, close to historical sites and great restaurants & shopping. The Hotel restaurant (Lean) is great with many choices and good service. Breakfast is one of the best we have experienced.