text: NPR News National and international news from NPR Fla. Man Kills 6 Grandchildren, Daughter Before Suicide By Scott Neuman • Sep 19, 2014 Police in Florida say a man who did time in prison a decade ago on firearms violations gunned down his six grandchildren and his daughter before turning a weapon on himself. Authorities say Don Spirit, 51, called 911 on Thursday to report that he might harm himself or others. When a sheriff's deputy arrived, Spirit fatally shot himself. The deputy subsequently found the bodies of his seven victims "all over on the property," at the rural home in the town of Bell, Gilchrist County Sheriff Robert Schultz said. French Jets Conduct First Airstrikes Against ISIS In Iraq By Scott Neuman • Sep 19, 2014 French warplanes conducted their first airstrikes against targets in northern Iraq just hours after the U.S. Senate approved arming and training Syrian rebels to enter the fight against Islamic State militants. Rafale fighters struck a logistics depot, which French President Francois Hollande declared "entirely destroyed." As Scotland Rejects Independence, Cameron Promises More Autonomy By Scott Neuman • Sep 19, 2014 Updated at 11:27 a.m. ET British Prime Minister David Cameron said the Scottish vote to remain in the United Kingdom has put the question of independence to rest "for a generation," but he pledged constitutional reforms to give Edinburgh greater control over its own affairs. How NASA's New Spaceships Stack Up By Geoff Brumfiel • Sep 19, 2014 Earlier this week NASA announced that two private companies will build spaceships to take astronauts to the International Space Station. NASA hopes that both models will eventually be used by space tourists to get into orbit. Which got us wondering, which one would we rather fly in? Scientist IDs Bodies Of Migrants, Helping Families Find Closure By editor • Sep 19, 2014 Thousands of immigrants have died crossing the southern U.S. border. Many are never identified, leaving their loved ones to speculate about their fate. Congress Quietly Extends The Budget — Past Election Day, Anyway By Ailsa Chang • Sep 19, 2014 This week on Capitol Hill, a proposal to aid Syrian rebels got all the drama, while the larger government funding bill it was attached to barely got mention. But that spending package is quite similar to the one that led to the government shutdown in October — most notably, it still funds the Affordable Care Act. Yet this year, talk of a government shutdown was virtually nonexistent. Some On Staten Island Opt For Buyout Of 'Houses That Don't Belong' By editor • Sep 19, 2014 Staten Island's Fox Beach neighborhood used to be a working-class area with about 180 homes, mostly small bungalows. Fox Beach is — or rather was — a few hundred feet from the Atlantic Ocean, and after Hurricane Sandy hit in 2012, homeowners decided their neighborhood was dangerous in terms of natural disasters and too expensive because of the rising cost of flood insurance. So the state has been tearing down the homes. Bill Bye's home at 16 Kissam Ave. was a recent one to go. In Scotland History Is Made... But At A Golf Club By Eyder Peralta • Sep 18, 2014 Yes, history is unfolding in Scotland this evening. But another bit of history was made in the region earlier today, when the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews announced that its members had voted overwhelmingly to allow women to become members. In a statement, the club's secretary Peter Dawson said 85 percent of members voted in the affirmative. He added: A Frightening Curve: How Fast Is The Ebola Outbreak Growing? By editor • Sep 18, 2014 In the past week, world leaders have started using a mathematical term when they talk about the Ebola epidemic in West Africa. "It's spreading and growing exponentially," President Obama said Tuesday. "This is a disease outbreak that is advancing in an exponential fashion," said Dr. David Nabarro, who is heading the U.N.'s effort against Ebola. A Coastal Paradise Confronts Its Watery Future By Jon Hamilton • Sep 18, 2014 Dan Reiter, 37, is a long-board surfer and contractor who used to live in Tampa, Fla. Then he discovered the surf breaks along a stretch of coast south of Cape Canaveral. "It's one of the most beautiful places in the world to live and surf and raise your kids," says Reiter, 37, as we watch head-high waves roll into Hightower Beach. But there's trouble in this coastal paradise. It's on a low-lying barrier island that's getting lower as sea level rises. So the cities here are looking for ways to keep the water at bay or retreat from it. Pages« first ‹ previous … 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 next › last »


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Download E-books Standing Pilates: Strengthen and Tone Your Body Wherever You Are PDF
By Joan Breibart
Joseph Pilates's innovative tools of strengthening, firming, or even lengthening the physique became highly well known all over the global. Now, in status Pilates, celebrated Pilates professional Joan Breibart takes Pilates off the ground, displaying you step-by-step how you can practice vintage postures whereas status or sitting.
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Download E-books Super Cleanse Revised Edition: Detox Your Body for Long-Lasting Health and Beauty PDF
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Download E-books The Acid-Alkaline Diet for Optimum Health: Restore Your Health by Creating pH Balance in Your Diet PDF
This multiplied moment variation presents the newest details on restoring your body's acid-alkaline stability
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The nutrients and wellbeing and fitness sequence of books has an overriding venture to supply future health pros with texts which are thought of crucial simply because each one comprises: (1) a synthe sis of the nation of the technological know-how, (2) well timed, in -depth experiences by way of the prime researchers of their respective fields, (3) large, up to date, totally annotated reference lists, (4) an in depth index, (5) suitable tables and figures, (6) identity of paradigm shifts and the implications, (7) feedback of parts for destiny study, and (8) balanced, information pushed solutions to sufferer /health pros questions which are established upon the totality of proof instead of the findings of any unmarried learn. The sequence volumes aren't the end result of a symposium. relatively, every one editor has the capability to ascertain a selected zone with a wide standpoint, either in material in addition to within the selection of bankruptcy authors. The overseas viewpoint, in particular with reference to public health and wellbeing tasks, is emphasised the place applicable. The editors, whose trainings are either study- and practice-oriented, have the option to boost a chief target for his or her e-book; outline the scope and concentration, after which invite the top gurus from around the globe to be half oftheir initiative. The authors are inspired to supply an summary of the sector, speak about their very own study, and relate the learn findings to capability human well-being outcomes.
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By Frank Murray
Although people cannot reside perpetually, existence will be lengthy through paying extra awareness to vitamin, way of life, workout, and the vitamins which are the cornerstone of latest glossy drugs. 100 large vitamins for an extended Life highlights the numerous supplements, minerals, herbs, amino acids, phytonutrients, and different average elements which are getting used to avoid and/or deal with middle disorder, stroke, melanoma, hypertension, diabetes, Alzheimer's ailment, getting older, and different debilitating health problems. The ebook contains the main updated details from clinical journals, clinical symposia, and different assets from round the world.
Download E-books Am I Really Hungry?: 6th Sense Diet:Intuitive Eating PDF
By Jane Bernard
Am i actually Hungry? is the final vitamin e-book you are going to ever need to purchase! it is a twenty first century intuitive advisor for pondering in a different way approximately being your fit weight that individuals are calling "liberating". in response to interviews with dieters and intuitive eaters, this ebook tells how one can flip off outdated vitamin hot-buttons and switch on usual self-discipline. it is a reduction! think figuring out what you will have, figuring out if you find yourself hungry and being at peace along with your physique and your self. it is all a part of the interior online game of consuming self-discipline. this can be for a person who's drained and annoyed with conventional twentieth century diets. existence is varied now so it is time to imagine diversified. learn how to open your brain and fix along with your physique through the use of your senses to imagine. rather than energy and principles, you get 10 instruments to rely on as publications for consuming intuitively. Say "good-bye" weight loss program and "hello" lengthy term-satisfaction along with your physique and your self. No internal critic. No calorie counting. No forbidden meals. as a substitute the point of interest is caliber of existence. A bankruptcy offers with social tension. have you wanted you may chill out at a celebration the place there has been a major buffet? have you dreamed it's possible you'll unfastened weight with no need to vitamin? good, you could. There are tips intuitive eater's use to guard themselves with out pondering strength of will that make feel and are effortless! A bankruptcy finds the that means of sensual consuming. it really is moment nature to find excitement with our senses. you'll by no means examine foodstuff an identical manner back. find out how to recognize the variation among actual and emotional starvation is made transparent. And such a lot, very important, you discover ways to realize and rely on your protecting internal voice. consuming is a metaphor for dwelling. considering another way approximately consuming is sure to lessen tension in addition to your waistline. it's going to switch your lifestyles. With this progressive ebook you discover ways to realize indications on your lifestyles that retain you in sync together with your priorities. it really is intuitive to answer your physique should you consume. it truly is usual to stick conscious of consuming concepts whereas connecting with the excitement of consuming by way of being in sync along with your physique. Get insights into how conduct of emotional reactions to consuming intervene with actual actual wishes. is not it time to place an finish to conduct that de-rail your nutrition and your peace of brain? hook up with your instinct, song in for your physique and glance nice. Am i actually Hungry courses us in the course of the maze of consuming frustration and vitamin pressure to rediscover and realize pride at mealtime. you simply fail if you surrender. it is a basic philosophy of considering together with your senses to stick transparent approximately priorities and private limitations that's releasing. actually, those that study this system locate it complements possibilities in all relationships - method past their dating with consuming. thinker Jane Bernard tells how one can holiday the cycle of tension consuming and the way to prevent undesirable consuming conduct perpetually. This procedure is taken into account "revolutionary" for its mental and intuitive revelations approximately consuming and diets. Am i actually Hungry is accessible via entire meals and counseled by way of The James Beard origin. research the interior online game of consuming self-discipline. Watch your lifestyles swap.
Download E-books Ballerina Body PDF
The celebrated ballerina and function version, Misty Copeland, stocks the secrets and techniques of the way to reshape your physique and attain a lean, powerful body and sparkling health.
Download E-books The 3-Hour Diet On the Go (Collins Gem) PDF
By Jorge Cruise
More Than six hundred New Options!
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Download E-books The CalorieKing Calorie, Fat, & Carbohydrate Counter 2013 PDF
By Allan Borushek
2013 CalorieKing Calorie, fats & Carbohydrate Counter a pragmatic, uncomplicated & secure consultant to the calorie, fats and carbohydrate content material of tens of millions of your favourite meals through Allan Borushek, healthiness educator and registered dietitian. Tens of millions of foodstuff listings. development on CalorieKing Counters 22 years because the bestselling publication of nutrients counts, this variation has extra updated quick nutrition and eating place chain listings than any comparable e-book with greater than two hundred quickly nutrition and eating place chains, plus specified listings for meals courts, theaters, carnivals and lots more and plenty extra. The color-coded listings make it effortless to match meals at a look and become aware of hidden energy, fats, and carbohydrates. you are going to recognize which meals to prevent. larger but, you are going to understand which of them you could devour and nonetheless accomplish your weight and wellbeing and fitness pursuits. The CalorieKing Counter is the number 1 vendor and gets the top reader score of all related books of nutrition counts. greater than simply the simplest e-book of foodstuff counts, the 2013 CalorieKing Calorie, fats & Carbohydrate Counter comprises valuable dietary publications and how one can decrease energy, fats, and carbohydrates and the way to shed extra pounds. Plus, youll locate important publications and bonus counters for: Alcohol, caffeine, fats & ldl cholesterol, fiber, protein, iron, and sodium and informative reference sections on diabetes, weight administration, osteoporosis and hypertension.
Download E-books T.H.E. A2z DIET PDF
By Adrian Yeo
This beneficial e-book explains, in basic language, why we overeat, and why we locate meals that's salty, fatty and candy so tempting and addictive. It then zooms into the easiest and most simple rules of potent weight-reduction plan, which the writer himself has used over the last 25 years with luck. The e-book distills in basic terms what's completely invaluable.
slicing during the mountain of data on healthy eating plan, food and fit dwelling, this publication makes the message and suggestion so basic and transparent that even a baby can comprehend and have fun with it, in addition to positioned it into perform daily. An FAQ part addresses the major questions that so usually confuse dieters.
Incorporating an easy graphing checklist of day-by-day growth, The A2z Diet will inspire those that need a slimmer, fitter and healthier physique to accomplish the consequences that they seek.

subset: commoncrawl


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Chat Now
with a recruiter from PEAK Technical Staffing USA about the Tool and Die Maker - 1st, 2nd & 3rd Shift position
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Tool and Die Maker - 1st, 2nd & 3rd Shift
Fort Mill, South Carolina - PEAK Technical Staffing USA
Chat with me now! - https://flashrecruit.com/jobs/81929
Type: Direct
Location: Fort Mill, SC
Positions: 4
Shift: 1st, 2nd and 3rd Shift
OT: Yes
Our client currently has 4 openings
Client will consider any tool makers with stamping experience.
This position requires experience in metal stamping, the ability to prepare, breakdown, repair and troubleshoot COMPLEX tooling.
It also requires tool optimization and new tool development.
Key responsibilities include but are not limited to:
* Assembles tool sets for production
* Inspects tooling for damage or wear after production
* Completes complex tool optimization projects * Communicates with tool design on drawing changes for tooling
* Primary trainer tool preparation A and B
* Completes new tool development (complete die build for new product launch)
* Maintain complete and accurate records on tooling as required Maintain a clean a safe work area
* Follows all Safety rules and practices
* Follows all Quality procedures
Qualified candidates will have:
* Associates Degree in Machine Tool Technology (machine tool curriculum) or formal Apprenticeship with journeymen's card
* A minimum of 10 years of experience
* Proficient with a variety of machine tools, including lathes, mills, grinders, etc.
* Skilled in the use of blue prints
* Proficient with the use of both metric and standard measurement systems
* Proficient in the use of precision gauging
* Preference will be given to candidates with 10+ years of experience or experience with both progressive and modular dies.
* Must come from a High Speed/High Production environment (Currently producing 11,000 Bearings per day)
* Experience must be reflected on each candidate's resume, showing detail about what machines candidate has worked on.
* Candidate must be accustomed to working with Progressive and High Speed Dies
* Must be able to produce Micron Level Tolerances (Presses are 45 Ton up to 450 Ton Presses)
* Must have experience with Tool Development
Other Information:
* Client will offer some relo (Under 6K depending on current housing situation)
* Preference would be a background working with a Tier 1 Automotive supplier.
* Contractors on 2nd and 3rd shift receive a 12% shift differential.
Chat with me now! - https://flashrecruit.com/jobs/81929


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GX-20 Bits breaking!!
Had the Camera 2 weeks. Similar bargain price, purchased while passing through Heathrow.
Had the *ist and was happy enough with that. The GX20 is great, very easy to use, and although I'm still learning, seems to have some great features.
However - within 2 weeks the release clip for the memory card has broken. I can only have used the clip about 6 times to change cards. Is this a problem with these models? I think it's the same mechanism as the GX / K10 and I didn't hear of any problems with them - am I just unlucky?
It's at a Samsung repair centre now and I'm a little uneasy. No-one at the centre (In Perth) had even seen one of these cameras before, let alone fixed one. maybe that's a good thing, either they don't breakdown much (So I'm just unlucky) or Australians don't buy Samsung SLRs!!
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Surprise Police are searching for a 15-year-old female who was reported as a runaway.
Daniella Rivas-Espinoza left her home around 11 a.m. Sunday and did not return.
She is 5-foot-3 and approximately 100 pounds with brown hair and brown eyes. She was last seen wearing a black shirt, gray sweatpants and was carrying a black backpack with colored stars on it.
Police are asking anyone with information about her whereabouts to call Surprise Police at 623-222-4000 or 623-222-TIPS (Ext. 8477).
If you want to remain anonymous you can email your tip to email@example.com.
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- A. K. Singha,
- T. K. Colemanb,
- M. T. Tollenaarc and
- E. A. Lee *c
Maize (Zea mays L.) breeders through selection have had profound impacts on the maize genome. In this study we examine one aspect of this intense selection pressure, the extent and nature of genetic variation present in an elite maize breeding cross. Specifically genetic variation is examined with regards to genotype × environment interactions (G × E), magnitude of the genetic variance (Vg) estimates, and the underlying grain yield quantitative trait loci (QTL). Using two elite Iodent sister-lines that are 64% identical by descent, 128 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were generated and testcrossed to a Stiff Stalk inbred line (CG102). Hybrid RILs were grown in 24 trials encompassing 4 yr, three locations, and three planting densities. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis resolved the trials into eight unique patterns of G × E. Smaller Vg estimates were associated with the more frequently observed patterns of G × E. Nine single-effect QTL and four epistatic interactions were detected across seven of the G × E patterns; however, the single-effect QTL and epistatic interactions were, in general, specific to a G × E pattern. In summary, we found extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD), reduced Vg in the more commonly occurring G × E patterns, and genetic variation due to larger effect epistatic interactions and smaller single effect QTL specific to the G × E pattern. Consequences of the genetic variation are discussed in relation to modern maize breeding programs.Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left.
Copyright © 2011.


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Improve your sustainability strategy with fact-based goals
Implementing a sustainability strategy is a rewarding, but complex process. Set yourself up for success by mapping your situation and your business goals, assessing your sustainability performance and integrating an effective sustainability strategy into your business.
Good sustainability strategy requires fact-based goals
Every effective sustainability strategy is founded on fact-based set goals. To monitor the progress you are making, set targets for the next steps and communicate your performance gains, you need keen insight into your organisation's sustainability performance. We can help you by supporting you with the fundamentals: defining a clear vision, setting fact-based sustainability KPIs to match your values and goals and creating solid internal commitment.
Expert strategic help
We can help you create a solid foundation for your organisation's sustainability strategy:
- Defining KPIs – well-chosen sustainable KPIs match your organisation's values, ensure that your goals remain realistic and achieve a sustainable return on investment.
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- Creating commitment – disseminating the results of your sustainability strategy in a format that speaks to your audience.
More sustainability services
We can help you with a wide range of sustainability services on all levels, from the highly strategic to the immediately practical. See the overview on our sustainability consulting page or talk to our consultants to find out which type of consulting best suits your business needs.
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PRé is a pioneer in the field of sustainability strategy and metrics. We serve organisations and institutes such as the European Commission, European Space Agency, Heineken, CAP'EM, BASF and DSM and have worked for many industries for years.
Get in touch
Get in touch with us, we'll be glad to discuss your strategic concerns and goals. Fill in the form below or e-mail our strategic expert, Cash East.
PRé supported DSM in developing the methodology for the People+ programme, in which DSM measures the social impact of its products from a life cycle perspective. This project inspired the start of the Roundtable for Social metrics, in which renowned companies are developing a methodology for social LCA.


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Dixie Adoptables 2153 Highway 198 Lucedale MS 39452 15.1 miles from Leakesville 601-947-6336
Louiedale Animal Shelter 545 Oak Street Lucedale MS 39452 15.9 miles from Leakesville 601-947-7506
The Mobile County Animal Shelter 7665 Howells Ferry Road Mobile AL 36618 36.3 miles from Leakesville 251-574-3647
Mobile SPCA 620 Zeigler Circle West Mobile AL 36608 37.2 miles from Leakesville 251-633-3531
Saraland Animal Control 104 Station Street Saraland AL 36571 37.5 miles from Leakesville 251-679-5570
Lauren's Zoo Special Interest Adoptions 6113 Saint Gallen Avenue South Mobile AL 36608 37.9 miles from Leakesville 251-402-3039
Adopt-A-Pet Save A Life 522 North Craft Highway Chickasaw AL 36611 38.8 miles from Leakesville 251-457-4529
Mobile County Animal Shelter 2402 West Rebel Road Mobile AL 36612 39.0 miles from Leakesville 251-574-3647
Prichard Animal Shelter 2402 North Rebel Road Prichard AL 36613 39.3 miles from Leakesville 251-456-5399
Azalea City Catcoaltion PO Box 1612 Mobile AL 36633 43.2 miles from Leakesville 251-648-7582
Mobile Animal Shelter PO Box 1827 Mobile AL 36633 43.2 miles from Leakesville
Animal Protection and Education Association, Inc. 13481 Seaman Road Vancleave MS 39565 44.0 miles from Leakesville 228-990-6776
Mobile Animal Shelter 855 Owens Street Mobile AL 36604 44.5 miles from Leakesville 251-208-2800
Copeland's Pet Motel & Grooming, Inc. 4457 Halls Mill Road Mobile AL 36693 44.6 miles from Leakesville 251-661-5021
Forrest County Humane Society PO Box 2021 Hattiesburg MS 39403 46.1 miles from Leakesville 604-544-6632
Hattiesburg Animal Shelter 1901 North 31st Avenue Hattiesburg MS 39401 47.9 miles from Leakesville 601-544-6632
Animal Rescue Foundation 6140 Rangeline Road Theodore AL 36582 48.1 miles from Leakesville 251-443-1198
Jackson Animal Control 3748 North College Avenue Jackson AL 36545 48.8 miles from Leakesville 251-246-5216
Bay Minette City Animal Control 300 North Hoyle Avenue Bay Minette AL 36507 50.0 miles from Leakesville 251-580-1625
Animal Rescue League 2511 Moose Drive Laurel MS 39440 50.7 miles from Leakesville 601-649-0821
Household animals that no longer have homes are often brought to animal shelters. Animal shelters are safe places to bring animals that are abandoned or lost. Many shelters will also take in animals that are sick or injured. In some areas of the U.S., humane societies will also provide shelter for animals. Shelters often serve as pet adoption centers. Animal shelters are also open to household pets taken from owners who can no longer care for them, those who have mistreated them, or those who have violated animal welfare laws.
Shelters provide animal care, rescue, and animal control. They assist with adopting dogs, cats, and other pets. They also may offer services like spaying or neutering. Shelters may offer adoption. Local and county governments fund some dog pounds and animal shelters, while volunteers and donations provide further support.


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2 to 6 GHz, 200 W, 4 Way Power Divider/Combiner
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Matt Kenseth's average finish of 17.2 at Martinsville ranks sixth among the 10 tracks in the Chase. Kenseth and the No. 17 team will be flying the R+L Carriers colors this weekend for the third and final time in 2006. Kenseth's average finish...
Matt Kenseth's average finish of 17.2 at Martinsville ranks sixth among the 10 tracks in the Chase.
Kenseth and the No. 17 team will be flying the R+L Carriers colors this weekend for the third and final time in 2006.
Kenseth's average finish on short tracks this season is 14.8; his overall average is 9.9. Take out two finishes at Bristol (third and first), and Kenseth's average finish on short tracks in 2006 is 23.3.
Kenseth's "Chase stats" at Martinsville:
Kenseth has completed the third most laps of any Cup driver at Martinsville in the past nine Cup races (4,491 of 4,500).
Kenseth has scored only three top-10s at Martinsville, the lowest count of top 10s at any track where Kenseth has totaled at least 10 starts.
Kenseth on racing at Martinsville Speedway:
"Martinsville is one of our tougher tracks and it hasn't been too kind to us for sure. I'm just not a big fan, mostly because it's so slow and there's no room to pass. Racing at Martinsville is kind of like racing around two cones out in a parking lot somewhere. That being said, we have to stay focused on the job at hand and that is trying to score a top-10 finish this weekend. This is the race that I knew would be the toughest for us going into the Chase. Some people point to Talladega, but I've always pointed to Martinsville as the real wild card for us. If we can get a good finish this weekend I think we'll be in good position to make a run at the title, because we've had success at the remaining tracks."
Crew Chief Robbie Reiser on racing at Martinsville Speedway:
"This is a big weekend for us. We didn't do too good as a team last Saturday night and this is probably our toughest track coming up at Martinsville. We've got our work cut out for us but the good thing is, after all that happened last weekend, we're only 45 points back. We were very fortunate to finish 14th last week. We've had some brake issues at flat tracks this year. We wrecked with less than 10 to go in the spring at Martinsville when our brakes went out. But, we've done a good amount of brake testing over the past month and we're hoping we've got the issue fixed. If not, it's going to be another long day where we have to kick and fight our way to a decent finish. We can't have many more of those races. We need to stay up front and do a great job in the pits this week and try to come out of there with a top 10."
-credit: roush racing


text:
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Please help us to choose what to make, down below also let us know what you, an k mean it's really good and if you've, dr moss hello everybody i'm shinichi, there's no dryness in it whatsoever. Our mixture is well blended we carefully our pancakes are tender and not tough, loves apricot jam another who loves an egg too which i'm going to add 1 cup, until just blended mixing it until just pancakes differently i have one who.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 12, 1982
|Filing date
|Jul 14, 1980
|Priority date
|Jul 14, 1980
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter G. Marchetti
|Original Assignee
|Energy Research Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (14), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to the electrochemical cells, and in particular, to electrochemical cells provided with thermal control.
In the design of electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells and batteries of the type wherein reactant or process gas is conducted to the cells for electrochemical reaction, thermal control is a dominant factor. One seemingly desirable technique for realizing such control involves the utilization of the sensible heat from the process gas itself. In this technique the incoming process gas may be supplied to the fuel cell at a temperature below the desired cell operating temperature and at a flow level above that required to obtain a preselected cell output power. The additional process gas at the lower temperature then acts to remove heat simply by increasing its temperature during passage through the cell. In this type of system, it is also usual to recover unused outgoing heated process gas and, after suitable cooling and water removal, add same to the fresh supply gas to provide the required in-flow of process gas to the cell.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,198,664 discloses a typical system of the aforesaid type. A vastly improved system of this type is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 923,363 assigned to the same assignee.
While the last mentioned system successfully provides temperature control, alternative systems are still being investigated.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical cell system wherein thermal control is effected in a simple, passive and automatic manner.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system wherein automatic and simple thermal control is provided during operating periods and automatic hermetic sealing during non-operating periods.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the above and other objectives are realized in an electrochemical cell system and method wherein the incoming process gas to the cell is provided by combining a first amount or flow level of heated process gas outgoing from the cell with a second amount or flow level of fresh supply process gas, and by adjusting these first and second amounts to maintain the cell at a predetermined temperature. The adjustment of the first and second amounts of outgoing heated process gas and fresh supply gas is via a temperature sensitive means which is responsive to the temperature of the heated gas.
In the particular embodiment of the invention to be disclosed hereinafter, a conduit means having a passage in communication with the input and output manifolds of the cell and with the source of fresh supply gas is provided. The temperature sensistive means is in the form of a charged bellows whose expansion and contraction controls a damper assembly which effects passage of the first and second amounts of the heated process gas and supply gas through the conduit passage to the cell input manifold.
The above and other features and aspects of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an electrochemical cell system in accordance with the principles of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 shows in greater detail the temperature control system of the cell system of FIG. 1.
In FIG. 1, electrochemical cell system 1 comprises a fuel cell stack 2 having corresponding sets of input and output manifolds 3 and 4 and 5 and 6, respectively, serving the anode and cathode sides of the stack. Input manifold 3 receives process gas (fuel gas) from a fuel supply 7 and conveys same as incoming fuel gas to the stack 2. Unused outgoing fuel gas is expelled through output manifold 4 to an exhaust conduit 8. Further process gas (oxidant gas) is received by the input manifold 5 which conveys same as incoming oxidant gas to the stack, while unused oxidant gas outgoing from the cell is expelled from the output manifold 6.
Attendant the operation of the stack 2 to provide a predetermined or desired output electrical power through electrochemical reaction of the fuel and oxidant gases, is the production of heat which increases with continued cell operation. This heat, if not maintained at a predetermined temperature associated with the desired cell output power, will cause a reduction in output power and eventual destruction of the stack 2. Accordingly, a temperature control system 11 is provided to ensure maintenance of the cell temperature at the predetermined level.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, the system 11 provides temperature control through forming the incoming process gas from a combination of respective amounts of outgoing heated process gas and fresh supply process gas, these amounts being automatically adjusted to ensure cell temperature at the predetermined level. In the present illustrative example, temperature control is brought about by forming the incoming oxidant process gas from first and second amounts of outgoing heated oxidant process gas and fresh supply oxidant process gas. However, it is within the contemplation of the invention to provide such control by establishing the incoming fuel process gas or both the incoming fuel process gas and the incoming oxidant process gas in such manner. Where fuel process gas control is to be provided, a system similar to that to be described for the system 11 can be used.
The system 11 comprises a conduit 12 having a passage 13 whose one end 13A communicates with the input manifold 5 and whose other end 13B communicates with the output manifold 6. Temperature responsive means 14 situated in the passage 13 is responsive to the temperature of the outgoing heated oxidant gas from the output manifold 6 and controls the amount of such gas and the amount of fresh supply oxidant gas from a suppy 15 to be coupled to the passage end 13A and, therefore, to the input manifold 5.
More particularly, referring both to FIGS. 1 and 2, the conduit 12 comprises a first conduit section 16 having first and second ports 17 and 18 at its opposite ends, the port 18 being fed by the supply 15 and the port 17 serving to exhaust the portion of the outgoing heated oxidant gas not utilized to form the incoming oxidant gas. Third and fourth ports 19 and 21 are also provided in the section 16. The port 19 communicates with the output manifold 6 and receives the outgoing heated oxidant gas from the stack 2. The port 21 couples respective portions of the outgoing heated oxidant gas and the fresh supply oxidant gas to a second conduit section 22. Conduit section 22 extends from the port 21 to the input manifold 5.
Temperature responsive means 14 controls the relative amounts of outgoing heated oxidant gas and fresh supply oxidant gas coupled through port 21 by adjusting the respective access regions 21A and 21B of the port 21, and by simultaneously adjusting the exhaust region 17A of the exhaust port 17. More particularly, the control means 14 comprises a fluid charged bellows 20 which operates a damper assembly 23 comprised of first and second dampers or plates 24 and 25 situated adjacent the ports 17 and 21, respectively. Damper 24 is of area sufficient to totally block the port 17 when in abutting relationship thereto. As shown, the damper is disposed exterior to the section 12 and defines with the port 17 the exhaust region 17A. Damper 25, in turn, is of area equal to the cross sectional area of the section 12 and defines with the port 21 the access regions 21A and 21B.
As seen more clearly in FIG. 2, the damper assembly further includes component structure for supporting the dampers 24 and 25 and for interconnecting same to the bellows 20. Thus, first and second tie rod assemblies 26 and 27 connect the dampers 24 and 25 to a yoke assembly 28 which is connected through an acutaing rod 29 to an acutator plate 31 carried by the free end 20A of the bellows 20. The other end 20B of the bellows is held fixed by a support plate 32 which is rigidly held against the inner wall of the section 16. The tie rod assemblies 26 and 27 are of similar construction and comprise first rod sections 33, 34 connected to the respective dampers and second rod sections 35, 36 connected to the yoke assembly. Bearing plates 37, 38 slidably support the rod sections 33, 34 to permit adjustment of the tie rod length. The rod sections 35, 36 connect to yoke assembly transverse members 42, 43 which, in turn, are coupled by connecting rods 44, 45. The latter pass through apertures 32A, 32B in the support plate 32, while the transverse member 42 is further connected to the actuating rod 29.
As further shown in FIG. 1, an O-ring 46 is provided in contiguous relationship with the inner wall of the section 16 at the port 17 to provide an effective seal when the damper 24 is in engaging relationship with the port. Similarly, O-rings 47, 48 are provided contiguous the section 16 inner wall adjacent opposite ends of the port 21. These rings are engaged by the damper 25 when at such port ends to thereby effect a gas seal thereat.
As above-indicated, the temperature control system 11 provides control of the stack 2 temperature by controlling the respective amounts of outgoing oxidant gas and oxidant supply gas coupled through the access regions 21A and 21B and combined in the conduit 12 for passage to the passage end 13A adjacent the cell input port 5. In practice, the bellows is designed to undergo expansion at a temperature above the minimum reaction temperature of the cell. A typical temperature at which bellows expansion begins might be 250� F. for a cell having a minimum reaction temperature of 225� F. Moreover, the conduit sections 16 and 22 are selected to establish flow in excess of that required for electrochemical reaction at the predetermined cell temperature which might, for example, be 325� F. The oxidant supply is typically air, preferably, at ambient temperature (e.g., about 72� F.).
In operation, the fuel cell stack 2 is initally at rest with no process gas flow therethrough and, thus, in an unheated condition. The oxidant gas at the bellows is, therefore, likewise unheated and the bellows 20 is in its maximum contracted position. In this position, the actuating rod 29 and yoke assembly 28 move the respective rod assemblies 26 and 27 rightward thereby moving the dampers 24 and 25 into sealing engagement with the O-rings 46 and 48. The access regions 17A and 21B are thereby reduced to zero expanse and the access region 21A to maximum expanse. In this condition, the cathode side of the stack 2 is placed in an hermetically sealed condition.
To bring the fuel cell into operation, the oxidant gas initially in the conduit 22 is preheated by a heat exchanger (not shown) situated in the conduit line to the cell reaction temperature and a blower (also not shown) in the line 22 causes circulation of the heated oxidant gas and, therefore, application of the gas as incoming oxidant gas to the stack 2. Fuel gas is then supplied to the stack 2 manifold for passage through the stack.
Due to electrochemical reaction, the stack 2 produces electrical energy from the incoming oxidant and fuel gases. As a product of this reaction, heat is generated by the cell causing a heating of unused oxidant gas outgoing from the cell through manifold 6. This gas passes through the port 19 into the conduit 16 and, in doing so, contacts the bellows 20, which, in the case shown, is directly above the port 19. Since the bellows does not begin to expand until raised to a temperature above the stack minimum reaction temperature, the bellows remains in its contracted position as initial outgoing heated oxidant gas passes through the conduit 16. At this time, the dampers 24 and 25 remain in their initial positions, maintaining the access region 21A at its maximum expanse and the access region 21B and exhaust region 17A at their minimum zero expanses.
As the stack 2 continues to operate, the stack 2 temperature increases above the temperature at which the bellows 20 expands. At this point, the outgoing oxidant gas, which now also is at this increased temperature, in contacting the bellows causes expansion thereof. Such expansion results in leftward movement of the free end 20A of the bellows and, accordingly, leftward movement of the dampers 24 and 25 through actuating rod 29, yoke assembly 28 and rod assemblies 26 and 27. The dampers are thus moved leftward of the O-rings 46 and 48, causing the exhaust region 17A to increase from its minimum zero expanse and the access region 21A to decrease from its maximum expanse. A portion of the outgoing heated oxidant gas is thus expelled from the conduit 16 through the region 17A, while the remaining part is carried by the conduit to the access region 21A. At the same time, the access region 21B is increased from its minimum zero expanse allowing fresh supply oxidant gas to pass through this region.
The heated oxidant gas and the fresh supply gas pass through the respective regions 21A and 21B and into the conduit 22. The gases are combined therein to form a composite gas which is now at a lower temperature than the outgoing heated oxidant gas, the combined gas being conveyed by the conduit 22 to the manifold 5 as incoming oxidant gas.
The aforesaid process continues until the bellows expands to a position whereat the dampers 24 and 25 are positioned to provide an exhaust region 17A and access regions 21A and 21B of expanses which proportion the amounts of heated oxidant gas returned and exhausted and the amount of fresh supply gas taken in to result in a temperature equilibrium in the stack at the preselected temperature. When this condition ensues, the stack temperature remains at the preselected temperature and the heated outgoing oxidant gas ceases to increase in temperature. The bellows thus stops expanding and maintains the equilibrium positions of the dampers 24 and 25 and, therefore, the respective relationship of the regions 17A, 21A and 21B. The amount of heated outgoing oxidant gas and fresh supply gas combined in the conduit 22 is thereby held constant, as is temperature of the combined gas as it is applied to the cell at the input manifold 5.
Any additional increases in temperature of the cell are now manifested as temperature increases in the outgoing heated oxidant gas which causes further expansion of the bellows 20. This results in further increasing the expanse of exhaust region 17A, further decreasing the expanse of access region 21A, and further increasing the expanse of access region 21B. Less heated outgoing oxidant gas and additional fresh supply gas at the lower temperature are thereby fed into the conduit 22, whereby the temperature of the composite gas is lowered sufficiently to lower the stack temperature. This continues until the stack temperature returns to the preselected temperature, at which time the bellows will have contracted and moved the dampers to their respective equilibrium positions.
If the stack temperature now should decrease below the preselected temperature, the opposite operation occurs. Thus, the bellows is further contracted causing rightward movement of the dampers, thereby decreasing the expanses of regions 17A and 21B and increasing the expanse of region 21A. This reduces the amount of outgoing oxidant gas exhausted, increases the amount of such gas recirculated and decreases the amount of fresh supply oxidant gas taken in. The composite gas in conduit 22 is thus increased in temperature, thereby increasing the stack 2 temperature. Again this continues until the stack 2 temperature is at the preselected temperature, at which temperature the bellows brings the dampers to their equilibrium positions.
As can be appreciated, the temperature control system 11 of the invention thus acts to control temperature of the stack 2 by adjusting the relative amounts of outgoing heated oxidant gas and lower temperature fresh supply gas which are combined for use as incoming oxidant gas to the stack. Once equilibrium is reached, temperature control occurs through raising and lowering the temperature of the composite gas whose flow remains essentially constant but whose relative proportions of heated and fresh supply oxidant gas varies. Moreover, the aforesaid variation occurs automatically through a bellows and damper assembly which with the stack inoperative also provides hermetic sealing.
With the present system, the fresh supply of oxidant gas need not itself be heated, since heating occurs through combination with the outgoing heated oxidant gas. Thus, as above-indicated, the fresh supply may be at ambient temperature.
The bellows utilized with the present invention may be gas, liquid or otherwise charged and may be biased so as to provide expansion at the required temperatures.
In all cases, it is understood that the above-described arrangements are merely illustrative of the many possible specific embodiments which represent applications of the present invention. Numerous and varied other arrangements can readily be devised in accordance with the principles of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 30, 1961
|Aug 3, 1965
|United Aircraft Corp
|Fuel cell system
|Jul 10, 1978
|Jan 8, 1980
|Energy Research Corporation
|Fuel cell thermal control and reforming of process gas hydrocarbons
|Jul 10, 1978
|Mar 11, 1980
|Energy Research Corporation
|Electrochemical cell operation and system
|Oct 13, 1978
|May 13, 1980
|United Technologies Corporation
|Method for reducing fuel cell output voltage to permit low power operation
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 12, 1981
|Apr 19, 1983
|Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology
|Method for conversion of chemical energy to electric energy
|Feb 1, 1982
|Jul 12, 1983
|Energy Research Corporation
|Fuel cell temperature control assembly
|Mar 27, 1984
|Oct 22, 1985
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Heated transportable fuel cell cartridges
|Mar 18, 1986
|Feb 3, 1987
|Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
|Temperature control system for fuel cell powerplant
|Feb 19, 1986
|Mar 3, 1987
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Internal reforming type fuel cell
|Feb 5, 1986
|Mar 17, 1987
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fuel-cell power plant
|Jul 17, 1986
|Jul 14, 1987
|Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
|Method for starting fuel cell power systems
|Feb 24, 1987
|Dec 15, 1987
|Energy Research Corporation
|Fuel cell apparatus with rapid start-up
|Sep 25, 1989
|Aug 7, 1990
|Kti Group B.V.
|Process for generating electricity
|Oct 26, 1989
|May 28, 1991
|Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fuel cell system
|Mar 24, 1999
|Nov 27, 2001
|Aer Energy Resources, Inc.
|Air manager control using cell load characteristics as auto-reference
|Jun 14, 2000
|Jul 6, 2004
|The Gillette Company
|Synthetic jet for admitting and expelling reactant air
|Jun 12, 2000
|Nov 30, 2004
|The Gillette Company
|Air managing systems and methods for gas depolarized power supplies utilizing a diaphragm
|Aug 15, 1994
|Jul 25, 1995
|Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Fuel cell system
|U.S. Classification
|429/432, 429/444, 429/513, 429/442
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
2017-2018 CMTS Strategic Plan
Strategic Planning
The overall purpose of strategic management is to cultivate a continuing commitment to the mission and vision of an organization, promote a culture that establishes and supports the mission, and persistently maintain a focus on the organization's strategic agenda by means of a transparent decision-making process and subsequent activities. Thus, in September 2016, Dr. Charles Lindsay, Provost of Elmira College, asked Dr. Joseph Lemak, Director of the Elmira College Center for Mark Twain Studies (CMTS) to create a strategic plan in order to identify and respond to the most fundamental and immediate issues facing CMTS, and develop strategies for fostering fiscally sustainable growth to assist in moving CMTS toward being one of the leading internationally recognized scholarly academic centers. The following strategic plan endeavors to create a culture within CMTS that fosters proactive discussion and formulation of action plans by all staff members within their spheres of influence and within the organization as a whole.
The Center for Mark Twain Studies strives to renew and deepen its identity as a scholarly center for Mark Twain Studies and all related academic disciplines with the goal of becoming one of the very best international academic centers.
To achieve this vision, the Center for Mark Twain Studies must harness its great energy and talents, inspire its supporters, and most importantly, exercise the collective imaginations of the greater Mark Twain community to build and maintain an improved Center for Mark Twain Studies for its current constituents and future generations.
The Elmira College Center for Mark Twain Studies is dedicated to fostering and supporting scholarship and pedagogy related to all aspects of Mark Twain. The primary purpose of the Center is to serve an international community of professional and amateur scholars and educators. Thus, the Center closely collaborates with the Elmira College Mark Twain Archive, the home of primary and secondary sources dedicated to Twain and his circle. The Center's responsibilities include oversight of Quarry Farm, a scholar's retreat, and the Mark Twain Study, where Twain wrote many of his important works. The Center seeks to enrich local and regional community members and organizations by promoting and preserving the legacy of Twain and his deep connection to Elmira through facilitation and sponsorship of academic research fellowships and a number of scholarly events, including educational field trips, lectures, teaching institutes, symposia, and the quadrennial International Conference on the State of Mark Twain Studies, the world's largest scholarly conference focusing on Mark Twain.
Organizational History
The Elmira College Center for Mark Twain Studies is known and respected world-wide as one of the premier sites for the research and study of Mark Twain. The Center was established in 1983 with the gift of Quarry Farm to Elmira College from Mark Twain's great-grandnephew, Jervis Langdon, Jr. This gift followed a long tradition of associations with Elmira College that began with Mark Twain's father-in-law, the first Jervis Langdon.
A prominent business man, Jervis Langdon was one of the seven-member "Building and Executive Committee," a group of progressive civic leaders, who in 1853 began to formulate the plans for Elmira Female College – the first college in the nation founded for women to offer a course of study and a degree equal to that earned by men. Jervis Langdon was later appointed to the first Elmira College Board of Trustees, a position he held until his death in August 1870.
Beginning in 1870, and continuing for more than twenty years, at the prime of his creative life, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, writing as Mark Twain, summered at Quarry Farm, the home of Susan and Theodore Crane. Susan Crane was Twain's wife's sister. Each year, the Clemens family members divided their time between their own home in Hartford, Connecticut, and Quarry Farm in Elmira. Life in Hartford was happy, hectic, and very social. In Elmira, life was slower. At Quarry Farm the family was more isolated, away from distractions, and in an environment conducive to relaxation where Mark Twain could concentrate on his writings.
In 1874, after Mark Twain had already successfully published his best sellers, The Innocents Abroad (1869) and Roughing It (1872), Susan and Theodore Crane surprised him with a small octagonal study. The Study was built on a secluded high knoll, one hundred yards from the main house at Quarry Farm. There, over the course of twenty summers, Mark Twain wrote many of his best works, such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), A Tramp Abroad (1880), The Prince and The Pauper (1881), Life on the Mississippi (1883), Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889). A number of important short stories and essays were also inspired and composed at Quarry Farm, including "A True Story, Repeated Word for Word as I Heard It," a short story recounting the life of ex-slave Mary Ann Cord. This story contained the first instance of an American author using an African-American dialect in a non-comedic way. The Clemens family spent its last summer at Quarry Farm in 1903. Mark Twain died on April 21, 1910, and was buried in the Langdon plot in Elmira's Woodlawn Cemetery.
In 1952, Twain's niece, Dr. Ida Langdon, a professor of English at Elmira College, presented Twain's Study to Elmira College. It was then relocated from Quarry Farm to the heart of the Elmira College campus.
In 1983, Jervis Langdon, Jr., the great-grand-nephew of Twain, donated Quarry Farm to Elmira College. In a document entitled "The Four Party Agreement," Jervis Langdon, Jr. bequeathed Quarry Farm to Elmira College with two basic purposes: first, "to assure that Quarry Farm, as a residence, will be properly maintained and preserved, and the grounds included in the donation will be cared for and protected, including the trees, lawns, shrubbery, flowers, and wild life;" and second, "to have the residence at Quarry Farm available as a Center for the Study of Mark Twain and as a temporary home for such members of the faculty of the College, visiting scholars, and graduate students as may be designated, from time to time, by the President of the College, because of their interest in Mark Twain, his works, his philosophy, and the environment in which he lived."[1] These words created the Elmira College Center for Mark Twain Studies. While Jervis Langdon, Jr. and Elmira College constitute the two primary members of "The Four Party Agreement," the National Trust for Historic Preservation and the Chemung County Historical Society are the other members. It is the responsibility of these two secondary organizations to insure that Elmira College carry out Jervis Langdon, Jr.'s intentions.
Quarry Farm offers Fellowships-in-Residence to scholars pursuing research or writing in the field of Mark Twain Studies. As one of the most important literary landmarks in American history, Quarry Farm is a working scholar's retreat with an updated, well-equipped work space for scholars and artists. Quarry Farm Fellows have access to a nearly complete reference collection on the premises, including the complete Oxford Mark Twain facsimile edition, Mark Twain Project publications, up-to-date secondary and reference works dedicated to Mark Twain Studies, and fine scholar collections of secondary scholarly material, including the comprehensive Michael J. Kiskis Collection.
Programming at Quarry Farm includes annual symposia on a wide variety of specific Mark Twain Studies topics, workshops for local teachers who wish to incorporate Mark Twain into their curricula, "The Trouble Begins" spring and fall lecture series, the "Park Church Summer Lectures" series, and dozens of school field trips every year. The lectures and field trips are offered free of charge to the schools and general public. While the main house at Quarry Farm is reserved as a home for visiting Mark Twain scholars, the nineteenth century barn and nearby housekeeper's cottage have been adapted for program use and serve as classrooms and lecture space.
Finally, CMTS houses the lion's share of Twain material in the Mark Twain Archive on the Elmira College campus. In conjunction with CMTS, the Mark Twain Archive affords scholars the uniquely rewarding experience of ready access to a collection of primary and secondary sources on Twain. In addition to various editions of Twain's works, the Mark Twain Archive collection includes photographs, books from Twain's personal library and the library at Quarry Farm, books and articles written about him, and microfilm letters and manuscripts from the Mark Twain collections at the Bancroft library in Berkeley, the Mark Twain Memorial in Hartford, Vassar College, and the Huntington Library.
CMTS has established an on-campus strategic steering committee that includes representatives of Elmira College faculty, staff, and administration. Members of the steering committee are:
- Nathaniel Ball, Archivist and Curator of the Elmira College Mark Twain Archives
- Patricia Cordell, Academic Secretary
- Jan Kather, Professor of Fine Arts
- Joseph Lemak, Director of the Center for Mark Twain Studies
- Charles Lindsay, Provost
- Matthew Seybold, Assistant Professor of American Literature and Mark Twain Studies
- Steven Webb, Quarry Farm Caretaker
Areas of Strategic Focus
Reflecting its vision and mission statement, the Center for Mark Twain Studies has established the following strategic goals:
- Sustain and enhance service to all constituents of CMTS
- Increase the quality and quantity of scholarly productions associated with Quarry Farm
- Increase the services and materials offered by the Mark Twain Archive to the academic community
- Preserve the historical infrastructure of Quarry Farm, the Study, the Exhibit, and the Mark Twain Archive
- Increase financial sustainability to help promote and support CMTS' mission and strategic goals
Strategic Goal #1 – Sustain and enhance service to all constituents of CMTS
A. Sustain and enhance services to the scholarly community
Reflecting its mission, service to the scholarly community is the most important aspect of this strategic plan. CMTS has a long history of hosting successful academic symposia and conferences. In fact, the quadrennial International Conference on the State of Mark Twain Studies is the largest Mark Twain conference in the world. CMTS endeavors to continue this legacy of accomplishment.
One of the most important literary landmarks in American history, Quarry Farm is a working scholar's retreat with an updated, well-equipped work space for scholars and artists, thus CMTS continues to facilitate the Quarry Farm Fellowship program. It funds scholars from around the world to live at Quarry Farm for short time periods while working on Twain-related scholarship. Quarry Farm Fellows have access to a nearly complete reference collection on the premises, including the complete Oxford Mark Twain facsimile edition and Mark Twain Project publications as well as up-to-date secondary and reference works dedicated to Mark Twain Studies. A focus on new Twain scholars is a particular emphasis of the Quarry Farm Fellowship program. The fellowship program not only supports senior scholars, but also graduate students and scholars with newly-minted doctoral degrees, ensuring the continuation and rejuvenation of Mark Twain as a central figure in American literature and the field of the Humanities. In the past, scholars published some of their findings in the now defunct Quarry Farm Papers publication. The merit of transforming this now defunct publication into an on-line format is being explored.
At the same time, a new website and the relatively new emphasis on digital humanities in academia offers fresh, innovative ways to serve the Mark Twain Studies scholarly community. CMTS has recently acquired the permission from David Fears, the author of the seminal reference work Mark Twain Day By Day, to display his reference volumes on the CMTS website. Since this important reference is not available at most libraries, it will have a profound effect on the everyday research methodology for Twain scholars and enthusiasts. CMTS will create the Mark Twain Day By Day project, turning the print work into a searchable, linkable, and updatable online platform.
- Tactic #1A – Facilitate Elmira 2017: The Eighth International Conference on the State of Mark Twain Studies "The Assault of Laughter" (August 3-5, 2017)
- Tactic #2A – Begin the Mark Twain Day By Day On-line project
- Tactic #3A – Explore the idea of rejuvenating the Quarry Farm Papers publication
- Tactic #4A – Facilitate Quarry Farm Weekend Symposia on an annual basis
B. Sustain and enhance service to the web community
In October 2016, CMTS launched its first stand-alone website, MarkTwainStudies.org, which features manuscripts and images from the Mark Twain Archive, updates about CMTS activities, announcements of Twain-related publications and events, interactive tours of Quarry Farm, and original commentary by CMTS staff. Dr. Matthew Seybold, Assistant Professor of American Literature and Mark Twain Studies at Elmira College, was named editor-in-chief.
While assuming a leadership role for the website, Dr. Seybold identified three distinct audiences which CMTS serves: the international community of Twain scholars, the local community of Elmira residents and Elmira College students, and a large, amorphous audience of amateur Twainiacs of all ages who read his books, recite his jokes, visit the museums in Hannibal and Hartford, and generally ensure Twain's esteemed place among the icons of Americana. Dr. Seybold postulated that this latter audience has little or no awareness of Twain's connection to Elmira. MarkTwainStudies.org is better oriented than other CMTS programs and publications to reach this specific audience and produce content relevant to a diverse community of hobbyists, collectors, journalists, and secondary school teachers.
The core constituency for the Center for Mark Twain Studies remains scholars. MarkTwainStudies.org currently serves them by promoting events and publications, circulating ephemera, and making archival materials accessible. In coming years, CMTS plans to digitize as much of its collection as possible, including three decades of recordings of the "Trouble Begins" lectures. Such projects will attract grant money and be substantively aided by Elmira College student interns, the first of whom began her work with CMTS in January 2017. Student interns will not only digitize archival materials and upload them to the web, but also make regular contributions to the blog, in consultation with Dr. Seybold.
In less than six months, the website attracted tens of thousands of visitors. Such traffic exceeded all expectations, especially considering the site had an amateur design, minimal coding, and virtually no search engine optimization. However, this will soon change, since MarkTwainStudies.org will undergo a professional re-design. CMTS will also challenge Elmira College students to implement a digital marketing campaign with the express goal of raising MarkTwainStudies.org to the first page of Google search results for "Mark Twain."
Finally, MarkTwainStudies.org will become permanent home to a digital version of David Fears's voluminous research aid, Mark Twain Day by Day. CMTS will establish a foundation for a searchable, linkable database, complete with photographs and other visual aids, and open to ongoing revisions. CMTS aims to provide for Mr. Fear's resource, already a tremendous boon to Twain scholars, a digital interface which, in his words, "will do the work justice and me honor." Done correctly, the Mark Twain Day By Day Online database will serve Twain researchers for generations and, in the process, help maintain the CMTS's rightful place at the center of the scholarly community.
- Tactic #1B Redesign and launch updated website
- Tactic #2B Begin the Mark Twain Day By Day Online project
- Tactic #3B Create a "Resources for Teachers and Students" section on website
- Tactic #4B Elevate website to top page of Google results for "Mark Twain"
- Tactic #5B Apply for digital humanities grants for website
C. Sustain and enhance service to the local and regional community
CMTS currently does an excellent job serving the local and regional community, mainly through the facilitation of the Spring and Fall "Trouble Begins" and the Summer "Park Church" lecture series and service to local schools. Between the two lecture series, ten to twelve high-quality talks from top scholars in the field of Mark Twain Studies are offered to the general public for free. Furthermore, these lectures are consistently well attended. It is worth noting that the younger demographic (18-40 years) are not well-represented at these lectures. The following action steps look to create content that preserves the demographic that has long supported CMTS, yet reaches out to new ones at the same time. As a result, the long-standing lecture series will remain the same, but an additional emphasis will be placed on new academic programming aimed at the millennial generation. CMTS plans to reach out to, and perhaps partner with, other local institutions, such as the Tanglewood Nature Center and the Chemung County Historical Society, in order to brainstorm and create meaningful educational program material which may benefit all organizations involved as well as interest a younger group of participants
Each year the Center for Mark Twain Studies hosts local school students as they delve into the world of one of America's greatest literary figures, Mark Twain. Students ranging from elementary to high school explore the life of Twain and local history as they tour sites that include the exhibit and Mark Twain Study at Elmira College, Woodlawn Cemetery (Twain's final resting place), and Quarry Farm – the summer home of Twain and his family. These field trips are completely cost free to the schools.
A partnership with WENY-TV, a local news station, has aided in bringing those journeys to life for many students from regional schools. Students receive free books through the Mark Twain Literacy Project – an annual program in partnership with WENY-TV and Lilly Broadcasting, which owns the television station. The program, which has been in place for about ten years, provides students with a book that they can keep in order to learn about the famous author. This book donation is often followed up with a field trip to the Mark Twain sites. According to Dr. Joseph Lemak, Director of the Center for Mark Twain Studies, "students of all ages are really struck by seeing the Study and Quarry Farm. They study Mark Twain's life and literature in the classroom, which really comes alive when they can see the places mentioned in their textbooks. Teachers have also told me that their students often walk away with a sense of hopeful pride of their home and their own futures, knowing that someone as important as Mark Twain accomplished so much in Elmira."
CMTS also collaborates with the Schuyler-Chemung-Tioga-Corning Teachers' Center to offer an annual Summer Teachers' Institute. Dozens of local teachers attend the two-day institute held on the Elmira College campus and at Quarry Farm. The institute is often led by visiting scholars who are experts in the field of Mark Twain Studies. Michelle Halperin, a fourth grade teacher in Elmira stated that "the Mark Twain Teachers' Institute is an outstanding opportunity to meet other educators interested in integrating Twain into their curriculum. The discussions on how to offer our students rigorous, age appropriate texts in authentic and meaningful ways inspires me…I use Twain's biographical information, letters, quotes and short stories to connect my students not only to reading and writing, but to a sense of community pride, as well."
- Tactic #1C – Create new programming aimed at 18-40 year olds by working with the Tanglewood Nature Center and the Chemung County Historical Society
- Tactic #2C – Promote the Mark Twain Literacy Project and CMTS field trips on the website
- Tactic #3C – Continue to facilitate the "Trouble Begins" and "Park Church" lecture series on an annual basis
- Tactic #4C – Continue to facilitate the Mark Twain Summer Teachers' Institute on an annual basis
D. Sustain and enhance service to the Elmira College community
Attempts at implementing the study of literature and history of Mark Twain in Elmira College's general education program have had mixed results. These worthwhile attempts usually targeted the entire incoming freshman class, requiring a large student population to work on and complete a specific assignment at the same time. While there is real merit in exposing freshman students to the legacy of Mark Twain in Elmira, the assignment was usually met with discontent by both the students and instructors. The following tasks look to expose Mark Twain Studies to Elmira College students and faculty in ways that are not required, but optional. The strategy is to incorporate a more "grassroots" approach, in hopes of creating and fostering a student culture which finds CMTS as a valuable resource for students' liberal arts education and career goals.
- Tactic #1D – Create a CMTS internship for two to four students annually
- Tactic #2D – Create the "Mark Twain Creative Arts Contest" and Award, supplementing the "Mark Twain Writing Contest" and Award
- Tactic #3D – Create a Visiting Scholar System among the Quarry Farm Fellows for the Elmira College Honors Program
Strategic Goal #2 – Increase the quality and quantity of scholarly production associated with Quarry Farm
At the heart of CMTS' mission are Quarry Farm and the Quarry Farm Fellowships. Quarry Farm is unique; it is, at the same time, an important literary landmark and an occupied house. The lodgers of Quarry Farm are the Twain scholars who live there for extended periods of time (mostly one week to one month), as envisioned by Jervis Langdon, Jr. when he donated Quarry Farm to Elmira College in 1983. CMTS' goal is to improve the scholarly work amenities, both direct (lights, desks, chairs, computers) and indirect (kitchen amenities and sleeping amenities). At the same time, CMTS wants to encourage a more diverse pool of applicants, and resulting occupants, for the Quarry Farm Fellowships.
- Tactic #1 – Revise the Quarry Farm Fellowship Application
- Tactic #2 – Update the scholarly work and living amenities at Quarry Farm
- Tactic #3 – Advertise the Quarry Farm Fellowship program on-line, in relevant journals, and in specific academic departments
Strategic Goal #3 – Increase the services and materials offered by the Mark Twain Archive to the academic community
Elmira College has created a new systemic relationship between CMTS and the Mark Twain Archives. Based on Provost Charles Lindsay's input, administrative functions are now relegated to CMTS while resource preservation and access are the responsibility of the archivist, maximizing each department's professional competencies. This new strategy has led to several notable accomplishments: increased availability of resources for the use of scholars at Quarry Farm, increased use and traffic at the Mark Twain Archive itself, bibliographic control of the books in the scholar's library and Langdon library at Quarry Farm, a preservation budget from the Mark Twain Foundation for 2016-2017, and a vision towards a comprehensive historic preservation plan for Quarry Farm.
- Tactic #1 – Digitize primary source materials for inclusion on New York Heritage and CMTS website
- Tactic #2 – Catalog objects and artifacts located at Quarry Farm and the Mark Twain Exhibit
- Tactic #3 – Create "Finding Aids" for Twain Collections
- Tactic #4 – Install ultra-violet protection glass in the Mark Twain Archive
Strategic Goal #4 – Preserve the historical infrastructure of Quarry Farm, the Study, the Exhibit, and the Mark Twain Archive
Due to the historic importance of Quarry Farm and the Mark Twain Study as National Historic Landmarks, it is essential that CMTS take a proactive approach to their preservation and maintenance. The first step in this is to obtain a historical preservation report. According to the U.S. Department of Interior, a historical preservation report "provides documentary, graphic, and physical information about a property's history and existing condition. Broadly recognized as an effective part of preservation planning, a historic structure report also addresses management or owner goals for the use or re-use of the property. It provides a thoughtfully considered argument for selecting the most appropriate approach to treatment, prior to the commencement of work, and outlines a scope of recommended work. The report serves as an important guide for all changes made to a historic property during a project-repair, rehabilitation, or restoration-and can also provide information for maintenance procedures. Finally, it records the findings of research and investigation, as well as the processes of physical work, for future researchers." (From the National Park Service Website) While this report would be invaluable for CMTS' stewardship of Quarry Farm in the long term, it is also provides a road map necessary for the CMTS staff to deal with immediate maintenance concerns.
CMTS is currently working with Johnson-Schmidt & Associates, Architects (Corning, NY). Not only is this organization local and has a complete familiarity with the history and legacy of Quarry Farm, Johnson-Schmidt & Associates specializes in historic preservation and is dedicated to the preservation of historic resources. They are long-standing members of the New York State Board of Historic Preservation and have worked on large-scale, important projects such as New York City's Grand Central Terminal, Harvard University's Boat Houses, and Boston's Trinity Church.
- Tactic #1 – Start the process of obtaining a Historical Preservation Report from Johnson-Schmidt & Associates for Quarry Farm
- Tactic #2 – Secure funds for the Historical Preservation Report through historical preservation grants and other potential sources of revenue
STRATEGIC GOAL #5 – Increase financial sustainability in order to help promote and support CMTS' mission and strategic goals
With generous support from the Mark Twain Foundation and individual donations from loyal private supporters, CMTS is in a stable financial condition. However, with large projects looming such as the Historical Preservation Report for Quarry Farm, the "On-Line Mark Twain Day By Day" project, and the digitization of the Mark Twain Archives, while still preserving the Quarry Farm Fellowships and the other customary annual programming (lectures, field trips, symposia, teachers' institutes, et cetera), CMTS must reexamine its current financial situation in order to help foster positive growth. CMTS will need to continue its most helpful relationship with the Mark Twain Foundation and individual donors, while at the same time, aggressively look for grants associated with historic building preservation and digital humanities. In 2016, the U.S. Mint produced and sold a series of commemorative coins. The profits produced by the coins are earmarked for the four Mark Twain centers (i.e. Hartford, C.T., Hannibal, M.O., Berkeley, C.A., and Elmira, N.Y.). It is essential that CMTS secure the funding from the U.S. Mint.
- Tactic #1 – Continue positive relationship with the Mark Twain Foundation and loyal individual supporters
- Tactic #2 – Ensure that CMTS receive funding from the U.S. Mint Commemorative Coin Program
- Tactic #3 – Aggressively seek out grants on an annual cycle which focus on historical preservation and digital humanities projects
[1] "The Four Party Agreement Regarding Quarry Farm, Elmira, N.Y.," December 31, 1982. Legal Contract involving Jervis Langdon, Jr., Elmira College, The National Historic Trust, and Chemung County Historical Society, (1983): 2-3


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Tin(IV) chloride is a precursor to prepare organotin compounds such as tetralkyltin and dialkyldichlorotin(IV), which find applications as catalysts and polymer stabilizers. As a Lewis acid catalyst, it is used in Fridel-Crafts reactions for alkylation and cyclization. It is involved in the selective nitration of aromatic compounds in the presence of fuming nitric acid. Furthermore, it is used to prepare tin(IV) oxide coating by sol-gel process.
Selvi, T.; Srinivasan, K. Synthesis of 2, 4, 5-trisubstituted oxazoles through tin(IV) chloride-mediated reaction of trans-2-aryl-3-nitro-cyclopropane-1, 1-dicarboxylates with nitriles. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50 (74), 10845-10848.
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WALKER'S POND, BROOKSVILLE Tel. 207-326-4418 INFORMATION SHEET
Cana Family Bible Camp is a ministry of the Evangelical Baptist Church in Bucksport, Maine (207) 469-7121. Dates: August 1st – 6th (first meal is supper on the 1st) Directions: We rent Camp Winniaugwamauk, a campground owned by the Reorganized Latter Day Saints. The camp is 24 miles from Bucksport. Take Routes 1&15 South out of Bucksport (past Hannaford shopping plaza) Continue for several miles until Big Apple gas station and store. Turn right, follow signs for Route 15 Drive 12 miles to stop sign in Blue Hill Turn right onto Routes 176&15 towards Sedgwick, 4.8 miles to next stop sign Turn left onto Route15, 2.9 miles to Jct. 175 Turn right towards Brooksville. Route 175 runs into Route 176 – keep straight 1.2 miles to brow of hill (look for camp sign) Camp road turns off to the left Cost: Pre July 1, 2011: $100 for the week per person ages 15-adult ($50 registration, $50 on arrival) Pre July 1, 2011: $75 for the week per person ages 2-14 ($40 registration, $35 on arrival) New in 2011: Any registrations received on or after July 1, 2011 will incur a late fee of $10 per person New in 2011: Cancellations received after July 25, 2011 will incur a cancellation fee of $10 per person No charge for those under the age of 2 This cost includes room and board and all expenses What to Bring: Bible Bedding and pillow Towels Soap Toilet articles Sports equipment Musical instruments Modest swim and play clothes and appropriate attire for evening meetings Bermudas are permitted, but NO SHORT SHORTS –BOTH MALES AND FEMALES TAKE NOTE OF THIS. Also, NO TWO PIECE BATHING SUITS and NO SHORT SKIRTS will be permitted, although ladies may wear modest tankinis. Boys and men are expected to wear shirts while on the campground away from the beach and when going to and from the beach. Girls and ladies are expected to cover the upper part of their swimsuit with a shirt, towel or robe between beach and cabins as well. Note: Use of radios restricted to cabins.
Rules: Acceptance and participation are the same for everyone without regard to race, color or national origin. All will be expected to cheerfully abide by camp rules which will be announced at mealtime. Check in at the registration desk when you arrive All who are able are expected to help with chores when it is your turn because there is no paid staff Parents are responsible to look after their own children except when provision have been made There will be supervised swim and play periods, and those with small children can arrange a mutual program for caring for them during certain periods High-school age young people will be permitted to come under supervision of a responsible adult All are expected to attend classes and meetings unless duties forbid No practical jokes, please – they always tend to get out of hand NO PETS ALLOWED, PER ORDER OF THE CAMPGROUND Phone policy: If you plan to make phone calls from camp, please make sure you bring a calling card. When calling from Brooksville, it is long distance to just about everywhere. The church will be billed for any long distance calls you make if you don't use a calling card, so please help us out. Accommodations: The camp has facilities that are very adequate, but luxury is left at home. Cabins for 4 or 8 have comfortable bunks and screens on windows and doors. These are fully enclosed, but have no heat. You may bring electric heaters or blankets as there are electrical outlets in the cabins. Rest rooms and showers are centrally located and have hot water. Eating is done family-style in a comfortable dining hall. There is an excellent beach for swimming, a ball field and ample space for other outdoor activities. You will find the meals to be ample and appetizing. Purpose: To study, play and work together as a family, learning the lessons of the cross. This is an excellent opportunity to learn to put into practice the love, patience, humility and other virtues while studying and praying together daily. There is much opportunity for discussion and fellowship with each other as we all work together. You will find the emphasis on the Word, prayer and the spirit of yieldedness, balanced with clean, wholesome recreation to be spiritually rewarding. Together, let us learn Christ and His cross. Camp speaker: Pastor Mitch Martin, pastor of Wiscasset Bible Baptist Church, was reared in Highland, Indiana and met his wife, Ruth, while they were students at Maranatha Baptist Bible College where he earned his BA. Degree in Bible and Pastoral Studies. He has earned a Masters degree in Theology and Biblical Counseling and is in pursuit of his Doctorate in the same field. He has served on the staff of Maranatha Baptist Bible College as well as senior pastor in Tennessee and Michigan. They have one daughter, Trina. Pastor Martin is committed to passionate expository preaching and gives himself to the ministry of the Word as the pastor/teacher at Bible Baptist. CAMPGROUND REGISTRATION ON THE 1st IS AT 1:00 P.M. You may arrive earlier if you wish but you must provide your own lunch (you will not be able to use the kitchen facilities), and you must supervise your own children. No children will be allowed in the water without parental supervision. Remember, there is much work to be done on Monday morning. If you are available and can help, please contact the following Camp director – Mike Trumble (207) 469-0972 Assistant camp director – Doug Merrill (207) 469-1951
Published on Nov 13, 2010
This is the document that contains all pertinent information for Cana Family Bible Camp 2011


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