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Top Dr. Seuss Quotes
Top Dr. Seuss Quotes
Quotation is the repetition of someone Else's statement or thoughts. Quotation marks are punctuation marks used in text to indicate a quotation. Both of these words are sometimes abbreviated as "quotes". Top Dr. Seuss quotes is given blow,
1. Today you are you! That is truer than true! There is no one alive who is you-er than you!
2. Don't cry because it's over. Smile because it happened.
3. From there to here, and here to there, funny things are everywhere.
4. You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself in any direction you choose. You're on your own, and you know what you know. And you are the guy who'll decide where to go.
5. You're never too old, too wacky, too wild, to pick up a book and read to a child.
6. Only you can control your future.
7. Step with care and great tact, and remember that Life's a Great Balancing Act.
8. You can get help from teachers, but you are going to have to learn a lot by yourself, sitting alone in a room.
9. Maybe Christmas, the Grinch thought, doesn't come from a store.
10. I like nonsense; it wakes up the brain cells.

subset: commoncrawl


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Enter your private lobby and immediately feel the balmy ocean breezes from the 10 ft floor to ceiling sliders in living areas and master bedroom. Languish in the enormous spa bath/jacuzzi tub/shower. Enjoy a morning coffee from the built in coffee maker on your oceanfront balcony. Then have spa/gym or beach time or enjoy the culinary offerings at the on-site restaurant with indoor, al fresco or beach service. Shopping at bal harbour is 5 min aventura 10 min. Conv to both airports. Most desirable building.
Apartment – Sunny Isles Beach, Florida, USA
1,475,000 $
7,525 $ /m²
Total area: 196 m² 2 bedrooms 3 bathrooms
- Built in 2008
- Beachfront
Location and nearby objects
More properties
If this property wasn't for you, take a look at other apartments for sale in USA.
You can see more apartments for sale in Sunny Isles Beach elsewhere on our website.


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- Eczema
- Overview
- Types of Eczema
- Treatment
- Eczema in Children
- Living Well
- Resources
- Eczema Products
- Get Involved
- Research
This common form of eczema causes small, intensely itchy blisters on the edges of the fingers, toes, palms, and soles of the feet. It is is twice as common in women as it is in men.
Stress, allergies (such as hay fever), moist hands and feet, and contact with nickel (in metal-plated jewelry), cobalt (found in metal-plated objects and in pigments used in paints and enamels), or chromium salts (used in the manufacturing of cement, mortar, leather, paints and anticorrosives) may be triggers of dyshidrotic eczema.
Because of the association with seasonal allergies, the dyshidrotic eczema blisters are known to erupt more frequently during the spring allergy season. The blisters may last up to three weeks before they begin to dry and can sometimes be large and painful. As the blisters dry, they may turn into skin cracks or cause the skin to feel thick and spongy, especially if you've been scratching the area.
Doctors also may refer to dyshidrotic eczema as:
There is no cure for dyshidrotic eczema, but the good news is, in many cases it's manageable. And like all types of the condition, it isn't contagious. You cannot "catch" dyshidrotic eczema from another person, or give it to someone else.
All types of eczema cause itching and redness. But some, like dyshidrotic eczema, look and act slightly different than others. You can have more than one type of eczema at a time, for example you can have dyshidrotic eczema and atopic dermatitis at once.
Some symptoms of dyshidrotic eczema:
It's important to understand which type of eczema you may have and also your symptoms and triggers, so that you can better treat and manage it. The only way to be sure that you have a form of eczema, including dyshidrotic eczema, is to make an appointment with your doctor.
At home treatment for dyshidrotic eczema includes soaking hands and feet in cool water or applying compresses to the affected area two to four times a day. This will help dry out the blisters and let the healing process begin.
Your doctor may prescribe a topical steroid and a topical anesthetic like pramoxine to help with the itch and pain. Using a rich moisturizer or a skin barrier cream is also recommended.
There is no surefire way to prevent eczema, including dyshidrotic eczema. However, good skin care, and daily bathing and moisturizing can help strengthen your skin against irritation, so that it doesn't flare up, or get worse. The most important thing to remember is to be consistent.
Learn what triggers to avoid — like metal-plated jewelry — that can really set off certain types of eczema
Some basic things you can do to help control your dyshidrotic eczema:
Learn more about how to control and treat your eczema.


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Sometimes the online world reveals unsuspected parallel dimensions. This is an unknown restyle of Neural independently (and secretly as we never knew about it) made by NY-based Motion and Graphic Designer, Clarke Blackham. Very nicely made, perhaps only a bit glossier for the magazine's line, it testifies once more how even your most familiar outcomes can have another life somewhere else.
Ulrich Troyer meets Georg Blaschke – Somatic Soundtracks
CD – 4Bit
Among the cuts of Somatic Soundtracks we find analogue synthesizers, loops, effects and guitars. The compositions were created in 2010 and 2012 to provide material for the choreographic work of Georg Blaschke, a dancer and maths/philosophy/pedagogy graduate. Blaschke was previously a member of Pilottanzt, a contemporary dance academy very interested in inter-disciplinary collaboration and the integration of different formal languages. The scores here are very minimal, sensitive and pulsating. They are articulated by a symbiotic harmony of atmospheres, movements and spaces, deconstructed in experimental blends and saturated with a mixture of noises and drones, producing hypnotic sequences. The fascinating result is partly due to the multichannel audio techniques employed. The quality of the sound and the merging of acousmatic features are evidence of an approach that doesn't get stuck in abstractions or formalisms, and there are clear references to Troyer's passion for dub, reggae and techno. There is no lack of rigour and coherence on display and listeners should bear in mind the original context of the compositions – focus should be placed on the inner worlds recalled, on the passages of "scenes" and on the iterations of the different audio elements that suddenly form exciting new musical units. There is a certain lack of information available regarding how the two artforms are conjoined in the performance of this work, but this absence is largely made up for by the narrative density and extensive imaginative scope of the sounds.


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Uncertainty and monetary policy
11 May 2017 Why Is Global Business Investment So Weak? Some Insights from Advanced EconomiesVarious drivers of business investment can be used to explain the underwhelming performance of investment in advanced economies since the global financial crisis, particularly since 2014. The slow growth in aggregate demand cannot by itself explain the full extent of the recent weakness in investment, which appears to be linked primarily to the collapse of global commodity prices and a rise in economic uncertainty. Looking ahead, business investment growth is likely to remain slower than in the pre-crisis period, largely because of structural factors such as population aging.
The Case of Serial DisappointmentSimilar to those of other forecasters, the Bank of Canada's forecasts of global GDP growth have shown persistent negative errors over the past five years. This is in contrast to the pre-crisis period, when errors were consistently positive as global GDP surprised to the upside. All major regions have contributed to the forecast errors observed since 2011, although the United States has been the most persistent source of notable errors.
The Dynamics of Capital Flow EpisodesThis paper proposes a novel methodology for identifying episodes of strong capital flows based on a regime-switching model. In comparison with the existing literature, a key advantage of our methodology is to estimate capital flow regimes without the need for context- and sample-specific assumptions.
What Is Behind the Weakness in Global Investment?The recovery in private business investment globally remains extremely weak more than seven years after the financial crisis. This paper contributes to the ongoing policy debate on the factors behind this weakness by analyzing the role of growth prospects and uncertainty in explaining developments in non-residential private business investment in large advanced economies since the crisis.
Tractable Term-Structure Models and the Zero Lower BoundWe greatly expand the space of tractable term-structure models. We consider one example that combines positive yields with rich volatility and correlation dynamics. Bond prices are expressed in closed form and estimation is straightforward.
19 November 2015 A Survey of Consumer Expectations for CanadaThe Bank of Canada recently launched a quarterly survey to measure the expectations of Canadian households: the Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations (CSCE). The data collected provide comprehensive information about consumer expectations for and uncertainty about inflation, the labour market and household finance. This article describes the CSCE and illustrates its potential to offer rich information about Canadian consumers for researchers and policy-makers.
Forward Guidance at the Effective Lower Bound: International ExperienceForward guidance is one of the policy tools that a central bank can implement if it seeks to provide additional monetary stimulus when it is operating at the effective lower bound (ELB) on interest rates. It became more widely used during and after the global financial crisis.
13 November 2014 Firm Strategy, Competitiveness and Productivity: The Case for CanadaAt a time when the Bank is expecting a rotation of demand toward exports and investment, and transformative global trends are placing increasing emphasis on innovation, technology and organizational learning, an understanding of the competitiveness strategies of Canadian firms and the factors affecting them has become particularly relevant. This article summarizes findings from a Bank of Canada survey of 151 firms designed to extract signals on elements of firm strategy and organizational capital in order to help inform the macroeconomic outlook.
Integrating Uncertainty and Monetary Policy-Making: A Practitioner's PerspectiveThis paper discusses how central banking is evolving in light of recent experience, with particular emphasis on the incorporation of uncertainty into policy decision-making.
13 May 2014 Measuring Uncertainty in Monetary Policy Using Realized and Implied VolatilityUncertainty surrounding the Bank of Canada's future policy rates is measured using implied volatility computed from interest rate options and realized volatility computed from intraday prices of interest rate futures. Both volatility measures show that uncertainty decreased following major policy actions taken by the Bank in response to the 2007–09 financial crisis. Findings also indicate that, on average, uncertainty decreases following the Bank's policy rate announcements.


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In the News
Northwestern Dining Recognized As One Of The 14 Best Dining Halls In America
February 05, 2015
Thrilllist has ranked Northwestern Dining as one of the 14 best college dining halls in America.
Northwestern Dining Recognized As One Of The 15 Best Dining Halls On College Campuses By Busniess Insider
February 05, 2015
Northwestern dining has been recognized as one of the 15 best dining halls by Business Insider by reducing waste, increasing the purchases of local produce, our wonderful on-campus dietitian and our famous hot cookie bar!
RobecoSAM Sustainability Yearbook 2017
August 09, 2017
Sodexo earns highest marks in RobecoSAM's "Sustainability Yearbook" for tenth straight year!
Sodexo, world leader in Quality of Life services, reinforces its position as one of the most sustainable companies in the world by earning Gold Class distinction in RobecoSAM's annual "Sustainability Yearbook 2017". For the tenth consecutive year, Sodexo has been ranked as the top-scoring company in its sector for its excellent sustainability performance.


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- Careers Home
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Early Childhood Teacher Job
Full Job Title: Early Childhood Float Teacher
Job Number: 17001462
Facility: SSM Health St. Mary's Hospital - Madison
Location: Madison, WI
Schedule: Benefit Eligible, Full Time, 8 Hour Day
Hours: 9:30am-6:00pm
Float Teacher Full time 80 hour per pay period.The position I am hiring for would be ages birth-3.
2 year Associate Degree in Early Childhood, or 4 year degree in Elementary Education/Early Childhood, or proof through a Registry Certificate or Educational Institution that he/she meets the requirements to teach alone. Must be a Wisconsin Registry 3 or higher and Early Childhood classes!!
Must have Early Childhood classes!!!
Role Purpose:
Under the general direction of the Director of the Child Care Center, assists with implementing operations, including provision of direct care to and supervision of children and networking with families, program development, curriculum activities, health and safety and environment planning and development.
Role Responsibilities:
1. Customer Service: (A) Respects the dignity, diversity and rights of each child and family, while fostering positive self-esteem and child independence. (B) Maintains confidentiality among families and staff. (E) Represents the Child Care Center at hospital functions.
2. Team: (A) Attends and participates in all scheduled staff and team meetings, in-services and parent-staff functions. (B) Fulfills other responsibilities as requested by the Director, Lead Teacher or Charge Personnel. (C) Possesses a willingness to serve as a cooperating teacher for a student teacher, practicum teacher or volunteer. (D) Attends and/or is knowledgeable of Parent Advisory Committee activities and possesses a willingness to serve as staff representative to the Committee, if selected. (E) Encourages parent/guardian participation in the center. (F) Contributes to a positive working relationship with Community Coordinate Child Care (4-C), Wisconsin Early Childhood Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) (WECA) and other child care organizations. (G) Participates as an active member on center and/or hospital teams and/or committees, as appropriate. (H) Perform other duties as assigned.
3. Policy/Procedure: Contributes to the development and implements center policies and procedures.
4. Documentation: (A) Maintains continuous observation of primary contact children and contributes to the maintenance of children's files and all associated documentation and record keeping.(B) Notifies lead teacher of physical plant concerns and submits maintenance requests as appropriate.
5. Regulatory: (A) Implements all legal and licensing requirements for Group Centers per the Wisconsin Administrative Code HSS55. (B) Implements legal and licensing requirements per JCAHO and all safety regulations. C) Implements health guidelines as specified per the "Healthy Children" manual established by the Madison City Health Department. (D) Maintains a healthy and safe environment for children. (E) Administers appropriate medications, first-aid and/or CPR, as necessary. (F) Reports observations of children's health and physical condition to Director, Lead Teacher, parents and required regulatory agencies, if necessary.
6. Quality Improvement: Implements the daily functioning and continuous improvement of program.
7. Curriculum/Activity/Guidance: (A) Develops and implements child care curriculum that fosters creativity, trust, self-growth and learning. (B) Provides curriculum which promotes the social, emotional, cognitive and physical development of each child in accordance with developmentally appropriate practice. (C) Provides verbal and written input into curriculum development and daily/ weekly activity plan. (D) Prepares curriculum activities, learning environment and gathers materials and supplies necessary for implementation of daily/weekly activity plans. (E) Establishes positive interactions with children; assists in developing positive child guidance principles, supportive communication and conflict resolution skills with children.
8. Education: (A) Attends professional seminars, conferences and workshops to fulfill continuing education requirements per DHSS 55. (B) Plans, schedules and conducts intake conferences prior to the enrollment of new attendees. (C) Anticipates primary contact children's transitions to and/or from a specific program or classroom. (D) Plans, schedules and conducts a transition conference and plans and facilitates child visitation of the new program. (E) Plans, schedules and conducts two parent-teacher conferences per year minimally for all primary contact children. () Completes the mid-year evaluation form, when appropriate. (In some cases, intake and transition conferences wholly or partially make up these conferences.)
9. Communication: (A) Maintains daily communication with parents. (B) Communicates regularly with parents information pertaining to each primary contact child in accordance with a specific programs standards. (C) Communicates with parents regarding center and a specific program's policies and procedures. (D) Establishes mutually supportive relationships and procedures with families. (E) Contributes to the regular composition and distribution of a specific program's newsletter. (F) Communicates, promotes teamwork, fosters respect and cooperation and initiates positive problem solving among all center staff. (G) Assists in the regular cleaning, sanitation and general attractiveness of the entire center, specific program space, materials and equipment. (H) Maintains and enhances communication with hospital and the community at large.
10. Problem solving: (I) Participate in center decision-making, as appropriate and demonstrates support of hospital, center Director and other personnel the implementation of center policies and procedures. (J) Participate in self-evaluation and program evaluations. (K) Seeks assistance and guidance from other Teachers, Lead Teacher, Director and/or Resource Coordinator.
Minimum Qualifications:
- Wisconsin Registry Level of 3 or higher, CDA or Associate Degree or Bachelor's Degree in early childhood education.
- Completion of one year of experience as a teacher in early childhood education for those meeting minimum educational requirements.
- Minimal education requirements are defined as training equivalent to less than a completed two year early childhood education technical degree. Those who have completed a two year early childhood education technical degree or better are required to have completed a minimum of 6 months or the equivalent of 900 hours experience as a teacher in early childhood education. Meeting this experience requirement does not include student teaching, practicum or volunteer experience.
- Oral and written skills required. Demonstrates a commitment to the continual growth of the whole person.
Preferred Qualifications:
2 year Associate Degree in Early Childhood, or 4 year degree in Elementary Education/Early Childhood, or proof through a Registry Certificate or Educational Institution that he/she meets the requirements to teach alone.
- Additional early childhood education experience preferred.
St. Mary's is a 440-bed tertiary referral hospital offering inpatient and outpatient treatment and diagnostic services in primary care and nearly all specialties. Medical/surgical areas of special focus include the Family Birth Center, pediatrics, Neuroscience Center, geriatrics, orthopedics, emergency services and more. St. Mary's is affiliated with the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine's three-year family practice residency program. Since 1912, St. Mary's has provided service to much of south-central Wisconsin including Dane County and 17 other nearby counties. In the growing city of Sun Prairie, northeast of Madison, St. Mary's Emergency Clinic provides services to more than 30,000 residents.
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$700—$925 1—2 bed 11008 83 St NW, Edmonton AB, T5H 1M3
Previously Listed from $700 1—2 bed
11008 83 St NW, Cromdale, Edmonton, T5H 1M3
Commute to Downtown Edmonton
11008 83 St NW is a four minute walk from the 501 LRT Capital Line at the Stadium Station stop.
This apartment is in the Cromdale neighborhood in Edmonton. Nearby parks include Sheriff Robertson Park, Clarke Stadium and Sheila Bowker Park.
11008 83 St NW has a Walk Score of 73 out of 100. This location is Very Walkable so most errands can be accomplished on foot.
This property is managed by Avenue Living.
**Free Rent for the Rest of January on Now When you Sign a New Lease**
**For a Limited Time Only, Include Heat, Water and Electricity with Rent When You Sign A New Lease.**
**Apply yourself and Save Event On Now: Apply online before your appointment. Pre-approved applicants will qualify to reduce the required Security Deposit by $100.00.**
Welcome! To avenue living's Luxor Manor apartment for rent in Edmonton.
Luxor Manor is a low-rise apartment building situated in a quiet district near River Valley and Borden Park in Edmonton, Alberta. This cozy building features 1 and 2 bedroom suites for rent that include such upgrades as new windows, carpet and/or laminate floors. Enjoy the convenience of in-suite storage. If you are a lover of the outdoors you will enjoy taking a stroll down your tree-lined street to Dawson Park where you can enjoy wonderful river views. If you've been looking for a quiet, clean and safe building to call home then Luxor Manor may be just what you need. We would love to welcome you to avenue living's family of happy renters, so please give our leasing agent a call today to arrange for a viewing.
Through our exclusive partnership with Telus, tenants can now enjoy preferred Offers and Discounts on Telus Optik TV, High Speed Internet and Home Phone Packages.
Ask your Leasing Specialist to start receiving exclusive deals today.
Terms: Minimum stay of 6 months
we accept cats and small dogs (under 20lbs) There is a $350 non-refundable pet fee required.
**Words for the Wise**
$299.00 Security Deposit for Seniors\*
\*Reduced Security Deposit for qualified individuals ages 55 and older
\*Prerequisites and conditions subject to change
For more information on this or similar apartments please call us at
We look forward to welcoming you to your next new home!
Building Features
- Family building
- Card laundry
- Intercom security
- Plug-in outdoor parking
Location Details
- Panago Pizza
- Stadium Donair & Pizza
- Pacific Cafe
- Save On Foods
- Mother Teresa Elementary School
- McCauley School
Suite Details
- Ensuite bathroom
- In-suite storage
- Fridge, stove included
- Window coverings included
- Carpet and/or laminate flooring
Utilities Included:
- Heat
- Water
- Electricity
Pets allowed:
Owner/manager tools | Report bad listing | From zumper.com
Most errands can be accomplished on foot.
Many nearby public transportation options.
About your score
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 11008 83 St NW.
11008 83 St NW has good transit which means many nearby public transportation options.
Rail lines:
501 LRT Capital Line
0.2 km
502 LRT Metro Line
2.0 km
Bus lines:
2 Lessard - Downtown - Highlands - Clareview
0.1 km
512 LRT Late Night Service
0.1 km
120 Jasper Place - Downtown - Stadium
0.1 km
127 Westmount - Coliseum - Belvedere
0.2 km
837 Ross Shep - Kingsway/RAH - Coliseum
0.2 km
858 Amiskwaciy-Kingsway-Stadium
0.2 km
Bike shares:
View all Cromdale apartments on a map.
11008 83 St NW is in the Cromdale neighborhood. Cromdale is the 69th most walkable neighborhood in Edmonton with a neighborhood Walk Score of 60.


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Be Happy.
Gift Shop
My DailyOM
About Us
DailyOM - Transform Your Life with Reiki
From Transform Your Life with Reiki On-Line Course
From Transform Your Life with Reiki On-Line Course
From Transform Your Life with Reiki On-Line Course
Rosalyn Light
The following is an excerpt from the "Transform Your Life with Reiki" on-line course. If you would like to enroll in the course,
click here
Reiki has a way of reaching out to those of you who are ready for it. Many Reiki Masters I have known told me they felt that Reiki found them, not that they found Reiki. Reiki comes to us as a result of prayer, or asking to be shown your next steps for being of service to the greater good.
You can focus on utilizing Reiki as a way to create more beauty, joy, harmony and peace in your life. In this day and age it is not so much about healing others as it is about raising your own vibration and holding a steady clear light. By doing this you will become a healing presence for yourself and others. Reiki will assist you in raising your vibration, and as you do this you will be contributing to the light and peace on the planet.
The Definition of Reiki
Reiki (pronounced Rey-key) means Universal Life Force energy. When the word Reiki is broken down, the words can be translated as: Rei meaning "Universal, All Knowing, Inner Self or Higher Power" and Ki meaning "Life Force".
Ki is the energy that runs through every living thing at all times. In Chinese it is known as Chi. One could call it a spiritual energy system, but not a religion. Reiki utilizes symbols to activate this Universal Life Force energy and to help it to flow through your hands as a healing modality. As I have played with these symbols and experienced their healing power I believe that the Reiki symbols are actually keys to unlock energy patterns that are blocked or frozen, thus creating more flow.
A Brief History of Reiki
There are many different versions of Reiki available today. The common thread that runs through all accounts of the history of Reiki is that it comes from the ancient Sanskrit texts. Sanskrit is the mother-tongue of all other languages. The Vedas (ancient spiritual text) say that Sanskrit is the language of the spirit world.
Reiki was translated and brought through in a form available to us as the Reiki symbols by a Japanese man named Mikao Usui in the early 1900's.
Usui was on a mission to discover the healing power that was used by Jesus Christ and other great healers. As he was studying the Sanskrit writings he discovered this healing modality and called it Reiki.
After Usui awakened to the healing light of Reiki, he was able to heal people. He then traveled all over Japan and China healing and teaching his people. Usui taught approximately 16 Reiki Masters or teachers. One of the men was a retired military man, Dr. Chujiro Hayashi. Dr. Chujiro then taught a woman named Mrs. Hawaya Takata. She became a powerful healer and teacher initiating many Reiki Masters.
In 1970 Mrs. Takata was charging $10,000.00 for a Reiki Masters Initiation, which then became the going price to become a Reiki Master. This price remained the going rate throughout the 70's and into the 80's. The Reiki Masters she attuned then charged the same price to others. This price prevented many people from learning Reiki. There was a lot of secrecy around the symbols and the whole process of learning the symbols. It is because of Mrs. Takata and many others that there are now thousands of Reiki Masters throughout the world.
An expansion of Reiki occurred in 1995 when Diane Stein wrote a book called Essential Reiki. In this book she released the symbols and all the secrecy around Reiki. Many Reiki Masters were very upset with this, but she felt this information was needed in order to awaken the healers to do their work.
Shortly after this many Reiki Masters published the symbols on the internet, along with all the Reiki teachings. Learning Reiki through distance healing became very popular. People were now able to receive the teaching and initiations of Reiki at a much lower cost than the original price of $10,000.
Learning Reiki through distance opened up Reiki to a new level and helped it to become a useful healing tool for many thousands of people throughout the world. Reiki continues to grow and evolve. There are many different types of Reiki available now, and they all originated from the teachings of Mikao Usui.
Reiki is similar to Religions in that it provides principles to follow, however, it doesn't make any claims to being a Religion or the only way to reach enlightened states of consciousness. The Reiki symbols are simply tools for you to use whatever your beliefs are, and are available to all.
The Reiki Attunement
The Reiki attunement is what separates Reiki from other healing modalities.
The attunement instantly creates a pathway for the energy and symbols to enter the crown chakra (located at the top of the head), and flow to the heart and exit through the hands. It is a process where a Reiki Master attunes or initiates through ceremony.
In this initiation the Reiki Master gives the Reiki symbols to the student and anchors them in the students subtle energy field. Attunements are not necessary to practice the beginning levels of Reiki, however they are very helpful in learning to channel light, as they do assist in opening the channel and central meridian.
Attunements strengthen one's connection to the Reiki energy and are necessary to receive the advanced levels of Reiki, or to become a Certified Reiki Master. Most people can easily learn to channel light through their hands, however Reiki is a helpful tool to assist you in creating balance in your life while you learn to become a healer.
The Levels of Reiki
There are 3 levels of Reiki. Depending your teacher and style of Reiki, these may vary.
In the Level 1 or First Degree class, the student receives an attunement that starts to open the channel or central meridian and allows the energy to start flowing through the hands.
In Level 2 or Second Degree the student is taught how to activate the first 3 Reiki symbols. He or she also receives an attunement that opens the channel or central meridian more, and the first 3 symbols are given in a ceremony.
In Level 3 or Reiki Mastery the Master Symbols are given and the student is then able to give Reiki attunements and initiate others to become Reiki Practitioners.
This has been the traditional path for teaching Reiki in a class setting.
There are many ways of teaching Reiki now, either through home study, a live class, or in a week long immersion class. All methods work and all are useful ways of learning Reiki.
Practice 1: Activating Your Hands
Begin by setting aside a sacred space in your home in which to practice this assignment. You can set up an altar, or just have a meditation cushion which you can sit on to center yourself before activating the Reiki energies.
If you have pictures of spiritual teachers, or angels it is a good idea to have them in this sacred space as they are high frequency beings and will activate a feeling of reverence and honoring of the sacred in you. Plants are also helpful to have around as they carry a healing life force energy.
Take the palms of your hands and place them together. Feel the heat and energy that your palms hold. Now slowly pull them away from each other until they are about 4 to 6 inches apart. Now, bring them close together again and notice how this energy is pushing your hands apart a bit. See if you can sense the energy coming off your hands. Does this energy pull or push with your hands at different distances?
Next, imagine that you are holding a ball of light in your hands. Play with this and make it big, like a basketball. Now make it small like a baseball. You can make this light more beautiful with your imagination. With your eyes closed, see if you can sense this ball of light more fully. Does it have any color in it? Do this every day for the next week, getting accustomed to playing with and activating the energy to flow through your hands, and visualize this ball of light.
**If you are having a difficult time feeling any energy coming out of your hands, or sensing the energy with your hands, clap them together gently and see what happens. You can also rub them together vigorously to get the energy to open. Notice any tingling in your fingers after you do this.**
Practice 2: Cleaning and clearing your aura with a ball of light
Once again activate the ball of light with your eyes closed, moving your palms close together and then farther apart. Play with this ball of light.
Holding this ball of light, direct your hands toward your heart and let this ball of light touch your heart. Do you notice any shifts? Now move this ball of light all over your body, holding your hands about 4 to 8 inches away from your body. Imagine this is cleansing and clearing your aura as you do this. Notice any shifts in the way you feel. Do you feel lighter or clearer, or notice any tingling? Practice this every night before you go to bed to clear the energy of the day.
For more information visit:
Transform Your Life with Reiki
DailyOM Course Spotlight
Healing Mantras for Anxiety and Depression
Harrison Graves MD
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American Panel Tec Corporation
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Dec 4, 1934
|Filing date
|Jun 19, 1930
|Priority date
|Jun 19, 1930
|Publication number
|Wallace L Howe, Richard H Martin
|Original Assignee
|Norton Co
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (24), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Patented Dec. 4, i934 ARTICLE OF BONDED GRANULAB MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Wallace L. Howe, West Boylston, and Richard H.
Martin, Worcester, Mass., assignors to Norton Company, Worcester, Mass a corporation of Massachusetts Application June 19, 1930, Serial No. 462,288 Claims. (01. 51-218) This invention relates to articles of borided granular material and particularly to abrasive bodies, such as grinding wheels, which are made of abrasive grains united into an integral struc- 45; ture by cementing or bonding materials matured in place. I
Abrasive articles have heretofore been made largely of standard abrasives, such as silicon carbide and crystalline alumina, cemented together 10, byvarious bonds, such as vitrified ceramic materials, rubber, sodium silicate, shellac, and natural or synthetic resins. Typical of these is the vitrified bond, made up ordinarily of a mixture of various clays and other ceramic materials.
.151 The bond in the raw condition and the abrasive grains are mixed and suitably molded to a desired shape, and the bond is then matured by heating it until it vitrifies or fuses and cements the grains together. Such a bond is concentrated largely between the grain surfaces that are closest together and so forms posts or webs interspersed with pore spaces.
It is necessary that grinding wheels and other abrasive articles be inspected and classified by 25-;; comparison with certain standard bodies in accordance with the hardness or strength of the bonded article, one of the chief characteristics that affects a grinding operation. This has ordinarily been done, by noting the penetration and the feel of a chisel-like grading tool which a skilled operator attempts to force into the side of the wheel while rotating the tool under a deflnite pressure and through a given distance. In accordance with the standards created by this 5;- crude test, the wheels have been assigned grade letters of which the first letters of the alphabet represent the softer grades or lower strength of bonded article, while the letters near the end of the alphabet represent the harder grades of wheels. This resistance of the article to the 'penetration of the grading tool has been supposed to represent the tenacity or strength with which the bond cements or holds the abrasive grains together. Based on the principle that a larger percentage of bond in the wheel will give mulas have had to be changed empirically or by a. cut-and-try method from time to time to obtain that grade of wheel which the wheel inspector has decided by the penetration test to be correct.
- The requirements of the industry have necessitated using many types of processes and producing a large number of kinds of grinding wheels. These wheels have been known to differ not only in the assigned grades but also, and more mysteriously, in their grinding capabilities, and the latter has seemed to depend on the type of process employed in making the wheel, hence the user of the wheel when ordering a duplicate has had to specify the process by which it was made. For exa fluid mass and then an unmeasured amount of I the mixture is poured into a mold and allowed to dry. The water serves as a plasticizing medium to render the clay moldable. Thereafter the shaped article is fired to mature the bond. 'The abrasive grains and the bond, in this process, assume such positions as gravity requires. In the pressure process, a mixture of abrasive and bond is slightly moistened with a plasticizing medium, such as a solution of dextrine in water, and then molded under a hydraulic pressure of a, definite number of pounds per square inch. It has been considered that such a wheel had a denser structure, or more abrasive per unit volume, than had a puddled wheel and that this difference in density affected the grinding operation. It was not appreciated, however, that such a wheel might have either more or less pore volume than a puddled wheel, depending upon various unrecognized variables which affected the wheel structure. In the manufacture of such wheels, it has been found that although every precaution, as then known, was taken to follow definite bond formulas and to control the manufacturing operations carefully, yet a wheel was often found to have a different grade from that intended. In fact, it has not been possible to make a wheel which would have a desired grinding behavior except by following cutand-try methods and adopting empirical formulas and processes for its manufacture. Consequently the operation of grading the wheels was essential for determining whether or not the wheel came through process with the required grade or whether it was off-grade and would have to be destroyed or set aside and a new wheel made, with a delay of many weeks time. Other difiiculties have been met, such as the fact that a small sized wheel often could not be made by the same formula and method as was found suitable for producing a large wheel of the same grade.
Heretofore it has been assumed that the abrading characteristics-of a grinding wheel were adequately determined by taking into account the kind and the size of the abrasive grains and the kind and the amount of the bond present in the wheel. As the result of our study and experimentation in the effort to solve such problems and to make grinding wheels which would vary by uniform gradations in certain characteristics and which could be easily duplicated by feasible manufacturing methods, we have discovered that there is a fifth variable which must be taken into account in determining the characteristics of an abrasive article. This is the volume percentage of the abrasive material in the article and it must be controlled to give a desired wheel structure. As a corollary; the volumes of the bond and of the pores are to beipredetermined percentages of the total volume of the article.
It is accordingly the primary object of this invention to provide a method of making an article of bonded granular abrasive material, in which its essential characteristics havepredetermined values, and which may be easily duplicated by feasible manufacturing methods.
A further object is to provide a method of making a set of abrasive articles, such as grinding wheels, in which the articles will have certain structural characteristics ofpredetermined and uniform values and other characteristics, such as the strength of the bonded article, differing by uniform or regularly varying increments.
A further object of the, invention is to provide an article made of granular abrasive material in which the volume structure of the abrasive article is controlled and the proportions of the abrasive grains and pores in this controlled structure are predetermined.
With these and other objects in view as will be apparent to one skilled in the art, this invention resides in the steps of the process and in the structure of an article of bonded granular material as hereinafter describedand set forth in the claims appended hereto.
a In the drawing, Figs. I to d illustrate diagrammatically certain relationships of abrasive grains and bond which determine essential characteristics of a grinding wheel;
Fig. '7 is a set of curves indicating how wheel structures made by prior methods have varied;
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of an apparatus which may be employed in the practice of this invention;
Fig. 9 is a set of curves showing how this invention may be put into practice.
In explanation of our discovery, reference is made to Figs. 1 to 6 of the drawing illustrating various arrangements of four abrasive grains bonded by vitrified ceramic materials, which represent diagrammatically the structure of what is known as a vitrified grinding wheel. These figures are necessarily conventional designs and are not intended to picture any exact arrangement of the grains in 'a-wheel. since some of the grains in an actual wheel structure may be in contact and others slightly'spaced apart, and the volume of the pore spaces is determined in large part by how much the grains are permitted to bridge over the spaces in one case or are oriented or forcedto assume a denser packing in another case. As shown in Fig. 1, the abrasive grains 10 may be spaced apart by a certain distance as indicated and cemented together by posts or webs 11 of the bond. The latter may be concentrated in the spaces between the grains, thus leaving a pore space 12 between portions of the bond. The strength of the bond which holds the grains together may be roughly indicated by the cross sectional area of the bond at its thinnest portion on the line aP-a in Fig. 1. This strength of bond is determined by the resistance which it presents to the grading tool when an attempt is made to pry one of the grains 10 from its setting. Figs. 3 and 4 indicate a dense packing of grains, and Figs. 5 and 6 an intermediate packing in which the distance between the grains is less than that shown in Figs. 3 and 4 but greater than those shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The following table gives various characteristics of certain grinding wheels the structures of which are represented in Figs. 1 to 6:
The wheel described in line 1 is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 1 and as indicated it has been made to an assigned grade of M by bond ing abrasive grains of 30 grit size with a vitrified bond. This wheel structure is such that 50% of its volume is made up of abrasive, 9.9% of bond and 40.1% of pores and the total weight per unit of volume is 2.20 grams per cubic centimeter. In order to obtain a harder wheel which will be grade R, then as shown in line 2 of the table the abrasive volume may remain the same and the bond content be increased to 18.4%, thus lowering the pore content to 31.6%. This R grade wheel is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 2, and it will be readily appreciated that the main difference between the two wheels of Figs. 1 and 2 is represented in the thickness and amount of the bond between the abrasive grains, and that this thicker post of bond will resist the disruptive action of the grading tool more easily than will the wheel bond of Fig. 1. If it is desired to make a wheel structure having a denser pack ing, such as by utilizing a hydraulic press, then we have the condition illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 3 and 4. As indicated in lines 5 and 6 of the table given above, these two wheels may have an abrasive volume percentage of 57, but the proportion of bond in the wheel of grade M (Fig. 3) is 8.0% and in the wheel of grade E (Fig. 4) is 13.4%. It will be seen that the grains are closer together in Figs. 3 and 4 than in Figs. 1 and 2, and that the total amount of bond required to give the same wheel grade or resistance to the disruptive action of the grading tool is less where the grains are close together than when five instead of four variable characteristics.
farther apart. This is indicated by the table, which shows that the bond content of the wheel of Fig. 3 is 8.0 as against 9.9 for the bond content of the wheel of Fig. 1.
A study of these data and of the theoretical considerations attending them has therefore led us to the conclusion that wheels of intermediate grain packings may be made; and this is indicated in the third and fourth lines of the table and shown in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawing. As illustrated, there is less bond in the wheel of Fig. 5 than in the wheel of Fig. 1 but more than that found in Fig. 3, although'the grades or strengths of the three sets of bonded wheels are alike.
This leads to the further thought that one may make different grades of wheel which have the intermediate packing of abrasive grains. This is indicated in lines '7 and 8 of the table, which show that with the same abrasive volume of 54% of the total volume, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, a wheel of grade P may be made by using 13.3 volume percent of bond and a wheel of grade K may be made by using only 6.4% of bond. It will be observed that the wheels described in lines 5 and 8 of this table have exactly the same bond content of 1% ounces of bond per pound of abrasive, (as shown in the last column) but the wheel of line 5 is a dense wheel ofgrade M having 57% of abrasive while the wheel of line 8 is a less dense wheel of grade K having 54% abrasive, and the actual volume percentages of the bonds are 8.0 and 6.4 respectively. In this case the increase in percentage of the abrasive has resulted in a decrease in percentage of porosity. This shows that using the same amount of bond in two grinding wheels does not necessarily produce the same grade or grinding characteristics.
It will now be apparent that, in accordance with our discovery, each mixture is to be molded to produce a definite weight per unit of volume in the fired article and that the abrasive and the bond are to be used in calculated weight proportions so that they will form predetermined percentages of the total volume of the bonded article. In this way, a controlled structure is obtained. This weight per unit of volume is the yardstick used by the factory for the control and the inspection of the volume structure of the wheels. It, however, has no particular meaning by itself unless the other data are taken into consideration. For example, as shown in table I there are three wheels which have a weight per unit volume of 2.41 :L- 0.01 grams per 00., yet
these wheels are of entirely different grinding characteristics, that one in line 2 being of grade R, the one in line 5 being a grade M and that in line '7 being a grade P.
Since different percentage volumes of abrasive may be used, it followsthat one may make a series of wheels 'all of the same volume percentage of abrasive but which differ from each other in their wheel grades, and that other series may be made in which the abrasive makes up different percentages of the total wheel volume. It will therefore be necessary in the future to make and designate grinding wheels in accordance with As an illustration of aproper marking for a wheel having these{ five variables, the marking 3830-M8B indicates the following characteristics: the numeral 38" represents the type of abrasive, 30 the} grit size of the abrasive grains, "M the assigned grade, 8 the volume structure of the bonded article and "B" the type of bond employed. In regard to the numeral 8, this is an arbitrary number taken from the scale of 0 to 10 which indicates the volume percentages of abrasive that may be employed in a given wheel structure, the numeral 5 representing a denser packing of abrasive grains or a higher volume percentage of abrasive in the wheel than does the numeral 8. The process by which a grinding wheel is made need not be known or specified by the user or purchaser of the wheel since it is now no longer necessary that a desired wheel structure be made by any particular process. Since various processes will give the same wheel structure, then that'process may be used which is found to be most suitable for obtaining a desired structure.
The nature of this invention will be made more apparent by the following discussion of some of the difficulties met heretofore in this art. If a grinding wheel is to be made of abrasive grains bonded with a ceramic bond, one of the methods known as the dry press method as heretofore used has involved mixing the dry ceramic bonding materials with the abrasive grains and wetting them slightly with a temporary plastic bind er, such as a solution of dextrine and water, which will hold the mass together until it can be fired to vitrify the bond. On a dry day the water will evaporate more than on a wet day and consequently the plasticity of the mixture will change,
and since the material is pressed under a uniform, predetermined pressure and not to a constant volume, the volume occupied by this mixture and therefore the wheel structure may vary from time to time.
It has also been observed in the past that wheels made with shellac or resinous bonds are afiected considerably by the humidity of the atmosphere at the time the green mixture is pressed. For example, if the abrasive grains are to be bonded with a synthetic resin known under the trade name of Bakelite", then on a day of low humidity, a given pressure of, say, one ton per square inch will produce a wheel of a given thickness, while if the humidity is high the thickness may be considerably different for the same weight of mixture in the mold. Therefore, the internal structure of the wheel as made on these two different days will be different; and actual experience has shown that as high as 10% of such resin bonded wheels are likely to come of!- grade in the manufacturing process.
Further problems related to the structure of the wheel have also been-met in the matter of making small abrasive wheels to duplicate the grinding characteristics of larger wheels. If the wheel compositions'are molded by what is known as the jolting process, in which the molds containing slightly moistened mixtures of grain and raw bond are subjected to shocks by being dropped repeatedly for a definite number of times, or for a given time interval, and through a given distance, and if one uses identical compositions and the same procedure in the attempt to make a small wheel which will have the same grinding characteristics as a large wheel, it still is found by experience that the small wheel may actually be several grades harder than the other. This diflference may be caused in part by differences in friction of the two mold sides and the impacts received by the grains iri'the two cases. Hence, in the prior practice, the wheel makers resorted to the expedient of using less bond for making the small wheel and so unwittingly produced a two standard methods.
wheel of different structure and different grinding capabilities although of the same grade as the large wheel. This difference is indicated in Table II which shows the volume'relationship between a grinding wheel of 16" diameter and 2" thickness, the hole being 1%" in diameter, and a bar which has the dimensions of 22 x 3 x 1%. In each case the abrasive is of 12 grit size and the bond used in the amount of z 'ounces per pound of abrasive. Each has. been jolted for the same length of time and otherwise made by the same process. The bar is found to be about three grades harder than the wheel.
These data show that it is not always possible to obtain the same volume structure by utilizing identical compositions and the'sameprocedure in making two articles of different shapes and sizes. As a graphic illustration-of such defects of the prior practice in this art of making grinding wheels reference is had to Fig. 7 which gives three sets of curves, those labeled P representing puddled wheels and those labeled D representing pressed wheels made of abrasive of 80 grit size. The lower curves represent the volume percentages of the abrasive; the intermediate curves the volume percentages of bond and-the upper curves the volume percentages of pores in a series of wheels made in accordance with these As indicated, the wheels having the assigned grade of K'have substantially the same volume percentages of both bond and abrasive and therefore the wheels are alike, in accordance with the new standards set forth in this case. But for the grade P, the puddled wheel has an abrasive packing of 48 volume percentage and a bond volume of about 21.0%, the
rest of it being pores; while the dense wheel has an abrasive volume percentage of 54.5 and a bond content of 11.5. Hence'these' wheels of the same grade are radically different in structure.
It will also be seen that the two wheels graded M have substantially the same porosity although the amounts of abrasive and bond vary considerably. It is obvious that these wheels must have altogether different grinding characteristics,
yet they have been assigned the same grade, as determined by the penetration test. As shown by the curves, the denser wheels throughout the harder grades have actually more pore space than do the puddled wheels and yet it has been sup- 3 posed that a pressed wheel had less pore space wheels made in accordance with the prior practice have not been of uniformly varying grades and compositions and grinding characteristics and that they have shown all sorts of unaccountable dissimilarities which represented the em pirical methods of manufacture as derived by the cut-and-try process. In accordance with our discovery it is now possible to make wheels which fit into a grading system of uniformly differing characteristics.
- In view of the above discussion of volume structure, it'will now be appreciated that whatever may be the factors which have heretofore influenced the manufacture of such grinding wheels, it will in the future be possible to control the volume structure of the wheels and to produce more uniform products. This is obtained in the case of the jolting operation, not by jolting the wheel mixture for a given length of time but by jolting a definite weight of the green mixture until it has been compacted to a predetermined volume. Likewise, in the case of the pressed wheel, the operator will no longer watch the pressure gauge and press the wheel to a predetermined pressure, but he will employ whatever pressure is required to compact a precalculated weight of the green mixture in the mold until it occupies exactly a given volume.
This may be easily accomplished as illustrated in Fig. 8 of the drawing by having gauge blocks 20 of predetermined thickness which determine the downward movement of plate 21 of the hydraulic press which by means of the ring 22 forces the mold cover 23 downwardly so that when the mold cover has been stopped by these gauge blocks the material present beneath it will occupy a predetermined volume in the mold 2 1. The core 25 determines the size of the hole in the wheel. It will be understood that wheels of difierent dimensions but of the same diameter may be made in the same mold by changing the cover, the core be obtained. To obtain a definite weight per unit of volume of the completed article and definite volume percentages of the abrasive, bond and pores, as determined by calculations, the wheel maker will now weigh out and mix definite amounts of abrasive and of bond and then compact them in the mold to a volume of predetermined size, irrespective of the amount of water present or of the dryness or stickiness of the plastic bond or of the friction of the walls of the side of the mold or the pressure required or of any other conditions which have heretofore affected theoperation of molding grinding wheels. In this way, the volume percentage of the abrasive and of the bond and therefore of the pores will be exactly predetermined. The percentage volume of the ingredients in the green stage or before the bond has been matured does not represent the structural condition after the wheel has been finally finished; but certain constants such as the specific gravity of the abrasive and the matured bond as found in the wheel, are known by the grinding wheel manufacturer, and from these the weights of the raw materials may be calculated.
-As indicated by the above discussion, we may make a set of grinding Wheels of similar types of abrasive and bond, as controlled by laboratory analysis, in accordance with predetermined charts and curves so that they will come to the desired grade and have the desired volume structure. This is illustrated in Fig. 9 of the drawing,-
l a series of wheels.
1. 8 .0 2 which shows a series of curves drawn to representthe relationship of the wheel grade to the volume percentage of the bond in the fired wheel. The
bottom curve shows that a series. of. wheels maybe made in each of whichthe abrasive comprises 54% of the total volume. This particular curveintersects the y-axis at about 4 and the :c-axis at.
K, thus indicating that a K" grade of wheel is made if the bond content comprises approximately, 4% by volume of the wheel structure. If one wishes to make a P grade .of wheel having the. same volume percentage of abrasive then as shown by the curve the bond content will be 10%. Likewise, a series of wheels having of abrasive may be made, and an L grade wheel, forexample, will result by the use of that amount of raw bond which will give a structure having 8% by volume of the fired bond. The curves are shown as straight lines but, of course, the variations in factory procedure may cause the wheels to vary somewhat from the mathematical accuracy indicated by the curves; nevertheless it is now possible in accordance with this invention to make these several series of wheels which will .conform sufficiently accurately to grade stands be heated at such temperatures as are found suitable for setting or maturing the bond. Likewise, rubber bonded articles will contain vulcanizing and accelerating agents which serve to vulcanize the rubber. The type of bond and the process employed will be varied to meet the requirements of the industry for any particular article.
In the prior practice, no attempt has been made to keep to such a set of curves in making Consequently, the abrasive content may have varied and a wheel of one grade would be on one of these curves and a wheel of another grade on another, and the shape of the curve representing these grades and percentages would vary from time to time as factory procedure happened to vary; hence there has been no as sured uniformity heretofore in the wheel manufacturing operations because of this lack of control of an unknown variable, i. e. the abrasive volume content, which afiected the wheel molding operation.
It might be further observed that to get a harder grade of wheel one may now accomplish this by increasing either the volume percentage of the abrasive or the volume percentage of the bond. If one holds the bond volume constant then an increase in amount of abrasive will necessarily give a wheel of greater strength.'as explained above with reference to Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive. It. however, is preferable to hold the abrasive content constant, as indicated by the curves of Fig. 9, and to vary the bond to change the grade of wheel.
One reason why a definite pressure of so many tons per square inch does not give identical products at diiferent times is that the abrasive grains used at two different times may differ somewhat in shape. There are two principal types of grain, one of which is substantially equidimensional and "solid in appearance and the other being made up toflailarge extent-oi plates and slivers which are generally ,weakin its structure. The former actually weighmore per unit of bulk volume than do the flakes or slivers and there may be as much as 10% diiferenceinthis weight per unit of vol-. ume.- ,-If two grinding, wheels are made up of these two materials and each mixture is sub-- jected to the-same number of pounds of pressure-,persquare inch in the molding operation. it is found that the wheel containing the slivers andfiakesmillhave about-8 to 10% less abrasive by weight perunit volume than does the wheel.
which has been made upof the equidimentional and-solid looking abrasive grains. Therefore, these two wheels have different grinding characteristics because of this great difference in the amount of abrasive present. r
- If one makes thegrinding wheels in accordance with our invention from these two dilferent types of abrasive grain and puts the same volume of each grain in the wheel then it is found that the two wheels have substantially the same grinding characteristics. To'get identical volume percentages, it willhave been necessary to press one of the wheel compositions under a higher hydraulic pressure than the other in order'to compact the materials to the same desired volume structure. The rounder type of abrasive grains will pack more easily than do the flakes and slivers, hence tov make a wheel having a very dense packing the equidimensional grains should ordinarily be used; while if a loose mixture with large pores is desired, then' the flakes and slivers may be employed.- This now makes it possible for one to utilize the commercial variations in the shapes of the abrasive grains to good advantage. However, it is not necessary to use any particular type of grain, since if one happens to employ the wrongv grain for a given density packing, yet by applying sufficient pressure to. the material he will get. the desired volume structure.
As an example of utilizing the various shapes of grains for making different types of wheels.
it has been found; that to grind cutting tools made of. themodern h'ard alloys there is required a grinding wheel of low abrasive volume which is very soft in its grade. A grinding wheel of grade H whichhas 50% of abrasive per unit volume, as heretofore made by-the standard methods, has not been found satisfactory because of the presence of too much abrasive in the body. In accordance with our method it is now possible to make this wheel of a much more open structure by using those grains which have the weaker shape, that is, the flake or sliver shaped grains. By molding this wheel to a desired volume structure it is possible to get as low as 38% of abrasive.
cause there is not enough bond present in the mixtureto cushion the effects of the grinding operations on the abrasive grains. It is now possible to make up a highly superior wheel of exactly the same grade as determined by the penetration method but which has much less abrasive and more bond in it. Such a wheel may have the following volume proportions: 22.23% porosplies to various other products as well.
ity, 29.57% bond and 48.1% abrasive. For one typeof abrasive wheel bonded with the resinous material it is now possible to get a controlled structure which varies through 20% of porosity, which means a very great difference in the grinding ability of these wheels, although the assigned grade for all of them may be the same.
In the above discussion, particular reference has been made to abrasives and grinding wheels, but it is to be understood that this invention ap- The standard abrasive grains, such as silicon carbide and crystalline alumina, are highly refractory materials and therefore lend themselves to various refractory uses. The heat resistance and the heat conductivity of these bonded articles will depend not only upon the nature of the bond and the particular refractory material employed but also on their relative volume percentages in the article. These volume percentages may now be varied to produce an article of a definite structure. Also, the fact that these articles are porous makes them useful as filters or other gas and liquid permeable bodies. The strength of a tile or other porous article as well as its structure may be accurately predetermined and varied intelligently in accordance with this invention. The claims are therefore to be interpreted broadly as covering granular abrasive and other materials which are bonded into a porous structure, irrespective of the nature of the bond and for whatever purpose the granular material may be intended to serve.
Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. The method of making an abrasive article by molding a mixture of abrasive grains and a raw bond and then maturing the bond, which comprises, in addition to selecting the required size and kind of abrasive grains and the type of bond to be used, measuring out accurately the quantities of the grains and of the raw bond, taking into account the shrinkages involved in drying and maturing the bond of the molded article, which will respectively occupy predetermined volumes in the final product after the bond has been matured, forming a coherable intimate mixture of said grains and bond, placing in an accurately dimensioned mold all of said precalculated quantity of grains and bond and causing the mixture to occupy, prior to maturing the bond, that volume which has been precalculated to be such that, after the bond has been matured, the abrasive grains, the bond and the pores will each constitute predetermined volume percentages of the article and the abrasive characteristics of the article will be determined solely by the precalculated volume percentages of abrasive, bond and pores and the types of the bond and abrasive.
2. The method of making an abrasive article according to claim 1 in which all of the mixture of precalculated quantities of grains and bond, with sufilcient plasticizer for a pressure molding operation, is subjected to pressure in the mold of predetermined dimensions so that it will occupy the calculated volume, irrespective of the pressure required, which will give the predetermined volume percentages of grains, bond and pores.
3. The method of making a porous abrasive article of granular abrasive material and bond which will differ from a similar article in a series by a predetermined variation in an abrasive characteristic,comprising the procedure of claim 1 and measuring that quantity of one of said ingredients which has been precalculated to provide the same volume percentage thereof that is found in the other article and measuring that quantity of the otheitingredient in the article as precalculated to produce an article which differs by a predetermined increment in the volume percentage thereof from that employed in the other article, and causing the raw mixture to occupy that precalculated volume in the mold, irrespective of the pressure required, which will produce a molded article of such dimensions that after the bond has been matured, it will have the same volume percentage of one ingredient as is found in the other article but will differ in the volume percentage of the other ingredient by a predetermined increment, whereby a. series of articles having. the same volume percentage of one ingredient but uniform variations in the percentv ages of pores and the other ingredient may be made.
4. The method of making one of a series of grinding wheels by molding a mixture of abrasive grains and raw bond and then maturing the bond, comprising the procedure of claim 1 and measuring accurately that quantity of abrasive grains of selected grit size and type which has been calculated to give the same volume percentage of abrasive in the finished article as is found in each of the series and measuring that quantity of bond which has been calculated to give a different volume percentage of bond in the finished article from those of the other wheels in the series, and subjecting the raw mixture of grains and bond to pressure in the mold and causing it to occupy that volume, irrespective of the pressure required, which has been calculated to shape the green article to such dimensions, without reference to the volume of another similar pressed article in the series, which will result in the final product having the required volume percentages of grains, bond and pores, whereby a series of wheels of different grinding characteristics but containing the same volume percentage of abrasive throughout the series may be made.
5. The method of making an article of bonded granular abrasive material to be the duplicate of a similar article, comprising the process of claim 1, in which the same kind of abrasive and the same grit size are selected without consideration of the shapes of the grains, and the quantities of the grains and of the raw bond are measured accurately to be the same as those used in the duplicate article, and the mixture in the raw state is pressed in the mold, without considering the pressure applied and irrespective of any differences in the shapes of the grains or variations in the physical characteristics of the mixture that may arise during the process as compared with those of the duplicate article at the same stage, and the mixture is caused to occupy the same volume as was occupied in the mold bythe raw mixture of the duplicate article, so that after the duplicated quantities of bond and abrasive have been 'compressed to the duplicated volume in the mold, the pressed body will then shrink to the same final volume during the operation of maturing the bond as is occupied by the duplicate article.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 19, 1945
|Jun 10, 1947
|Norton Co
|Nov 19, 1943
|Jul 1, 1947
|August C Ciell
|Process of making abrasive wheels
|May 10, 1947
|Aug 15, 1950
|Norton Co
|Tunnel kiln
|Sep 18, 1946
|Dec 11, 1951
|Dentatus Ab
|Grinding wheel and method of producing same
|Oct 13, 1954
|Jun 3, 1958
|Norton Co
|Vitrified bonded silicon carbide abrasive articles
|Feb 11, 1986
|May 5, 1987
|Arkansas Hones Inc.
|Vitrified composite novaculite and process for producing same
|Apr 30, 1987
|Apr 12, 1988
|Arkansas Hones, Inc.
|Vitrified composite washita stone and process for producing same
|Apr 11, 2002
|Jan 20, 2004
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company
|Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives
|Dec 24, 2002
|Jan 24, 2006
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company
|Method of roll grinding
|Sep 23, 2003
|Jul 18, 2006
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company
|Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives and method for making the agglomerated abrasives
|Aug 24, 2004
|Aug 15, 2006
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company
|Method of centerless grinding
|Mar 21, 2003
|Oct 2, 2007
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company
|Abrasive articles with novel structures and methods for grinding
|Jan 12, 2006
|Sep 9, 2008
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company
|Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives
|Oct 1, 2007
|Jun 9, 2009
|Saint-Gobain Technology Company
|Abrasive articles with novel structures and methods for grinding
|Apr 8, 2010
|Jul 2, 2013
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
|Abrasive tools having a permeable structure
|Dec 24, 2002
|Oct 16, 2003
|Bonner Anne M.
|Method of roll grinding
|Aug 24, 2004
|Feb 3, 2005
|Bonner Anne M.
|Method of centerless grinding
|Sep 23, 2003
|May 12, 2005
|Eric Bright
|Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives and method for making the agglomerated abrasives
|Jan 12, 2006
|Jul 20, 2006
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
|Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives and method for making the agglomerated abrasives
|Mar 21, 2003
|Sep 21, 2006
|Bonner Anne M
|Abrasive articles with novel structures and methods for grinding
|Sep 27, 2007
|Mar 20, 2008
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
|Abrasive Articles with Novel Structures and Methods for Grinding
|Oct 1, 2007
|Apr 10, 2008
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
|Abrasive Articles with Novel Structures and Methods for Grinding
|Apr 8, 2010
|Aug 5, 2010
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
|Abrasive Tools Having a Permeable Structure
|Mar 21, 2003
|Apr 18, 2013
|Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
|Gebundenes Schleifwerkzeug, Verfahren zum Schleifen mit einer Schleifscheibe und Verfahren zum Tiefschleifen
|U.S. Classification
|51/293, 51/296, 51/298, 451/28
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
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text:
David Starr ready for a strong run at Daytona. Armed with a brand new, tough running Spears Motorsports Chevy truck, a highly skilled crew and a positive winning attitude, David Starr is ready to thunder his way to a top finish at Daytona ...
David Starr ready for a strong run at Daytona.
Armed with a brand new, tough running Spears Motorsports Chevy truck, a highly skilled crew and a positive winning attitude, David Starr is ready to thunder his way to a top finish at Daytona International Speedway, Friday evening, February 13th.
"This is the first of 25 events in this year's NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series," explains Starr. "And, the first race of the season is always exciting. It is the one and only time of the year, when everyone is on the same page. No one has any points. You don't have to worry about catching up, so you can focus all your energy into running up front. Daytona is pretty much an animal unto itself. You have to really keep your foot on the floor and your eyes on the competition. It's fast and exciting and the fans love it. To make it even better, this year we will be running under the lights for the first time. Daytona also tends to set the tone for the season. Last year we got hit and crashed in the second lap. It was a bad luck break and the rest of the season pretty much went the same way. The year before (2002) we finished 7th and continued on to end the season in 5th place. We're looking to set that tone again and feel we are ready for a great year."
In his third full year of Craftsman Truck Racing, Starr and everyone at Spears Motorsports knows precisely what it takes to win. "This year, for the first time, we are a Chevrolet-backed team, continues Starr. "And, I really think that getting both wind tunnel time and engineering support will certainly help to give us that extra edge that is so very important. There is nothing that would please me more than to present Chevrolet with their first Craftsman Truck victory in 2004. Being part of their team is a great honor and obviously the way to repay them is by winning. It was a Ford that took Daytona last year, this time it needs to be a Chevrolet."
One of the most competitive series in America today, the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series offers fans unparalleled racing action from start to finish. "This year, from the looks of things, the competition is going to be tougher than ever before," says Starr. "The number of drivers who are definitely capable of taking the Checkered at each race is pretty mind staggering. Every event is going to be a full on battle."
Extremely talented behind the wheel, there is no doubt that Starr can do exactly what he sets out to do. In his years of racing, he has proven himself time and time again. And, with a little old fashioned luck, this coming season should be one of the best of his career.
"I definitely have a good feeling about this year," sums up Starr, who also plans to contest fifteen NASCAR Busch Races for Holigan Racing. "Racing is my passion and the more I race, the happier I am. I'm definitely ready for the season to start. All I need is for the Green Flag to drop."


text:
2730 FREDERICKSBURG RD, Hanover, Maryland
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text:
Panthers fire special teams coordinator Brian Murphy
The Carolina Panthers have fired their special teams coordinator Brian Murphy, according to a report from the Charlotte Observer. The move come one day after the panthers allowed a 76-yard punt return for a touchdown in the team's 36-14 loss to the Denver Broncos. Murphy will be replaced with former assistant special team coordinator Richard Rogers.
The decision to fire Murphy was reportedly that of head coach Ron Rivera, though Panthers management supported the idea.Observer


text: From Here by Katey Laurel Artist: Katey Laurel Title: From Here Catalogue Number: No catalogue number Review Format: MP3 Release Year: 2011 I know I should hate this album. It's from an aspiring Denver based singer songwriter called Katey Laurel and is called "From Here" and is in pretty much standard Nashville country pop in its sonic style. Like I said, I should hate this album. Sure enough, there is some sugary sludge (a synonym for Nashville country pop, by the way) to wade through like "Begin Again" but who am I to begrudge a girl the opportunity to take the radio route to the Grand Ole Opry. All is, fortunately, not lost in the credibility war as our Ms Laurel then pulls out of the dive and takes a mellow and confident stroll into Ingrid Michaelson territory with the ear friendly "Blue Skies Comin'". Then she goes all sentimental with the fluffy "Everything I Love" that harks back to better days as, indeed, does "My Funny Boy". You can tell she is on a roll as "Pieces Of The Moon" follows quickly on to make the most convincing case for hot milk and cuddles that I have heard of late. She is sentimental, solidly mainstream and right up the middle of the road commercial and is therefore just about the dictionary definition of all that I should despise but I just can't bring myself to do so. Katey Laurel, it would appear that I am glad to make your acquaintance. The album is available from CD Baby. www.kateylaurel.com Reviewer: Bluesbunny Review Date: November 20, 2012


text:
High Speed Steel Double End Drill BitsHigh Speed Steel Double End Drill Bits
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text:
Honduran Seeks U.N. Patrol To Evict Neighbors' Rebels
Special to the New York Times
Published: October 5, 1988
UNITED NATIONS, Oct. 4— The Foreign Minister of Honduras today proposed an international peacekeeping force that would evacuate Nicaraguan and Salvadoran rebels from Honduran territory and patrol the borders to keep them out.
The proposal by the Foreign Minister, Carlos Lopez Contreras, appeared to be another indication of growing Honduran unwillingness to be the host to thousands of American-backed Nicaraguan rebels, or contras.
The proposal also marks the first time Honduras has put forward a specific plan for an international force to halt border incursions by the contras. Nicaragua has put forward similar proposals several times in the past, to lukewarm Honduran response.
Assistant Secretary of State Elliott Abrams, at the United Nations for meetings with Latin American leaders, called the Honduran idea an ''intelligent proposal from Honduras to protect their national security'' but said he thought it would be ''physically not possible'' to remove the Nicaraguan rebels from Honduran soil.
Honduran officials estimate that there are 11,000 contra fighters and 12,000 family members in Honduras. A much smaller number of Salvadoran rebels are based there. Large numbers of Nicaraguan rebels have crossed the border and crowded into camps in Honduras since Congress defeated American military aid for the contras early this year and a truce was declared.
On Friday, Administration officials said that President Reagan had assured Honduras that the United States accepted responsibility for the Nicaraguan guerrillas in Honduran camps and that the United States was considering admitting some of them as refugees.
In a speech to the General Assembly, Mr. Lopez asked Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar for an international peace force that would guarantee that Honduran territory would not be used by armed insurgencies in El Salvador and Nicaragua.
He said the new force's duties would include relocating the contras and Salvadoran rebels to Costa Rica and Guatemala for resettlement in third countries.
Troops from Canada, Spain and West Germany would take part in the force, Mr. Lopez said. ''To this end, the international peace force should locate the combatants in Nicaraguan and Salvadoran territories, far away from the Honduran borders,'' he said.
Officials at the West German, Canadian and Spanish missions to the United Nations were unavailable to comment. In April, West German officials said they might be willing to contribute unarmed observers to a Central American force but had not considered if troops might be appropriate. Subject to Security Council
The United States would have veto power over the creation of a peacekeeping force if it were to operate under United Nations mandate because it would be subject to Security Council approval.
Mr. Abrams said the United States would consider the Honduran plan.
Mr. Lopez also asked the United Nations to set up international mechanisms to prevent ''new flows of refugees through Honduras, and to speedily repatriate or relocate in third countries those that already are in Honduran territory.''


text:
Comments problem
Hopefully this is the right place to request this…
I just switched over from Movable Type and I love WordPress. After some work (I'm completely new to PHP, just so you know), I converted my template, which started as a Firdamatic style that I've heavily modified, over to WordPress. The only problem I'm having is that I can't seem to get the categories out of the updated list (ul). I want the comments to be on the line at the bottom of my posts with everything else. I want everything to look like this, basically:
Travis@(time) | Edit This | Category: category_name | comments
You'll see what I mean when you get there. Thanks in advance for any help you can provide!
Site: http://travis.moneyburger.com/
CSS: http://travis.moneyburger.com/firdamatic2.css
- The topic 'Comments problem' is closed to new replies.


text: Greetings everyone! We hope that your Thanksgiving weekend is going well, and that family hasn't stressed you out too much. Or that the Presidential debates didn't boil your brain. (Or hey, maybe you skipped all of it and watched some wrestles instead? WWE's Smackdown brand usually puts on a good show.) Anyway, this week is a monster, as we've finally got a massive restock in after our big move. It's… robust, to say the least, and this post was clocking in at over 1800 words before we wrote the introduction. Basically? Lots of stuff. So much stuff, there was no time...Read MoreRead More


text:
Kamakshi Navavarana Dhyana Krithi
Vanchasi Yadi Kusalam
OOthukadu Venkata Subba iyer
Translated by
(This is the song of meditation on Goddess Kamakshi , which is a prelude to the Navavara Krithis of OOthukadu Venkata Kavi)
Ragam Kalyani
Thalam AAdhi
Vanchasi yadi kusalam Manasa , paramananda rasa Sindhu Madhya mani,
Bindhu chakra nilayam nirantharam Dhyayeth Sri Kamakshim.
Kanchi nagara viharam , shiva kalyana guna gana saram,
Madhyama Kalam
Kamaniya kalpitha nija maayaya karana karya vidhayaka dheeram
Nija moda sadaa ramaneeya shivamrutha nama japam,Subhagam,
Gaja mukha guru guha vinutham , sumukham kaarunaam pushpitha kalpa lathaam.
Madhyama Kala Sahithyam
Gaanakalaam kusalam . avabodhana gandarva samaraditha , suswara,
English translation
Oh mind if you want welfare , always meditate on Sri Kamakshi ,
Who is in the middle point of the jeweled Sri Chakra which is in the ,
Ocean of the essence of great and divine joy.
She lives in the city of Kanchi and she is ,
The essence of the auspicious qualities of Lord Shiva.
Madhyama Kala Sahithyam
She is bold enough to bring about the cause and effect ,
Of the pretty and imaginary , Goddess of illusion.
One who is really joyous , one who is always attractive , One who chants nectar like name of Shiva,
One who is auspicious,
One who is worshipped by Ganesa and Subramanya , one who has a pleasant face , one who is merciful creeper of a flowering wish giving vine.
Madhyama Kala Sahithyam
One who is an expert in art of music, One who teaches good notes to Gandharwa who worship him,
One who holds a pretty Veena made of Manikhya and who has a lotus like feet saluted by devas.


text:
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What should I do with in laws who treat me differently from other daughter in law(16 Posts)
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