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Hi, my name is Naomi and I am one of the Intern Conservation Assistants. After 9 weeks here I think I have finally found my feet. The days are filled with a diverse range of tasks and opportunities to learn many new skills. The most daunting of which has to be a toss-up between carrying chalk pastel portraits "just think smooth thoughts" and cleaning and inspecting the Meissen porcelain in the Study. Both were great experiences once I got used to the idea but it was scary to start with.
For the first few weeks I took part in the daily housekeeping tasks such as dusting and vacuuming the showrooms. I was also involved in getting the house open and ready for visitors at the start of the day and closing up the showrooms at the end of the day. This included many fights with the blinds, struggles to remember all the different light switches, and several sessions of room guiding while volunteers had their tea/coffee breaks.
Having got to grips with the Open Season, it was now time for me to get used to the routines of the Closed Season, learning about the balance between the deep cleaning in the week and the glorious glimpses tours at the weekend. It has been strange to see some of the rooms emptying as the furniture is moved to the study in preparation for Christmas.
Last week we cleaned the study from the top to the bottom cleaning every nook and cranny. We used hogs hair brushes to brush the dust from the crevices into a specialist museum vacuum cleaner before covering the furniture and preparing for the 'Furniture Tetris' game to begin.
Next on the list was the Hall. The furniture was cleaned using a mixture of pony hair and hogs hair brushes as well as the specialist museum vacuums. The tapestry chairs and table were moved to the study. The hall was now ready for the main carpet to be rolled and moved to make room for the Christmas tree which will arrive in a few weeks. It took 4 people over an hour to roll the carpet and 8 to lift it to the study. Once this momentous task was complete we could then move on to the floor. House steward Helen added a layer of wax to high foot traffic areas and then Amy painstakingly buffed it which took her a little over 4 hours. Needless to say the floor looks sparkling.
During my time here I am continuing the Basement stores project started by Amy earlier this year, so I spend many an afternoon sorting through architectural objects in the basement. My first foray into the basement was a little intimidating in that despite the noise of people walking round the house it was still eerily quiet. Thanks to the pianists, my second trip was far more comfortable as I had some music to keep me company through the floor while I continued my adventure into the depths of the store. After several weeks down there I have now become accustomed to the silence and environment, which is a good thing as the house is now closed to visitors in the week.
I have also made great swathes into the initial inventory record sheets with more than half the objects in the basement now ready to be put onto the collections management system. My favourite find so far has been a piece of coving that I found in the middle of a pile that looked to be made up of primarily plain lengths of wood but in fact when you turned the pieces over most were covered in intricate engravings. When I turned the piece of coving over I found that as well as texture it still had gilding on it. I also like to wonder about the different rooms the items came from which although some have clues written on the back some have no markings at all.
Overall it has been a busy few weeks with me getting to grips with the housekeeping routines and my project work. Now that I am settled in I am enjoying searching through the basement and learning more about looking after the collections and rooms which make up Polesden Lacey House.


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Both in residential and outpatient treatments have high success rates on treating patients who are addicted to substances including heroin. The essential element is always about giving enough level of care and treatment that would achieve long term recovery.
Safe Haven Ibogaine is all about residential treatment but not quite the way 'residential' is commonly described as. The facility needs to fit in as a getaway treatment center as it is designed around the idea of indulging in spa resort like treatment while you rehabilitate from the use of heroin.
Residential Programs
These treatment programs go on for at least5days.The patients enter into a safe environment in a secure facility where the insensitive drug treatments are the focus of every single activity that thepatient is a part of.
Most patients relapse into their old habits of drug and alcohol use mostly because they never manage to complete the planned duration of time that a residential treatment program is scheduled tocarry on.
The number one benefit of enrolling into residential treatment is when the treatment is regarding a detox from a certain substance.In this case, heroin withdrawal is an element of the rehabilitation procedure and the only way to make the annoying ordeal successfully gotten over within one go is through none other treatment program than residential programs.
Residential treatments give you a structuredenvironment where the patient is taken out from a stressful environment that is one of the causes of enraging the urge to use. By removing the negative aspects of someone's surroundings, residential treatment is used for people who have already tried to rehabilitate in outpatient programs but with no success.
Some patients are scared of the intensity of such programs; they should know that residential programs are actually emotionally supportive and concentrate on improving your entire wellbeing instead of loading on too much stress on you. In other words, it is meant to get you off drug abuse and make you feel better about yourself.
Outpatient Treatment
This sort of program has many similarities with that of residential programs, owing to the fact that both concentrate on total well being of the patient at the end of the treatment.The big difference is the different structured environment. Outpatient programs give their patients more freedom of movement that will allow them to maintain a consistent commitment to their jobs, family and everything else that goes around their daily life. The idea is to adapt the treatment and the improvement into their routine so that when the treatment is over going back to their old environment does not hit them as a shock. Outpatient programs,unlike residential ones, focus a lot on the patient's family as well as let them play a part in the everyday recovery of the addict.
Unfortunately, with drugs like heroin, it is harder to let go fully if you have not experienced complete withdrawal, and that is only practically possible with the use of a residential treatment.

subset: commoncrawl


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New carpark will free up land
A new multi-storey carpark building will provide 680 parking spaces and free up valuable land in Manukau city centre for future development.
The $14 million project, which Auckland Transport inherited from the former Manukau City Council, is located on the corner of Davies and Ronwood avenues.
Auckland Transport says construction will start in June and it's expected to be completed by April 2012.
The design is a mid-block concept, allowing the carpark to be surrounded by future commercial and retail buildings, to lessen its visual impact on the public and surroundings.
It will have a combination of public and leaseholder parking areas.
Auckland Transport major projects manager Rick Walden says providing parking on the site fits with the future plans of the centre.
"The lack of parking for businesses has been a problem for many years and is constraining development in the city centre.
The vast majority of parking in Manukau city centre is short-term for the Westfield shopping centre.
"The carpark is in a strategic location and future development of the site will attract a mixed use of commercial and retail business to the area.
"It will also free up ground level land currently leased for parking, allowing the sites to be developed."
The new tertiary campus, Manukau rail link and workers in the area will also benefit, Mr Walden says.
The work will include an upgrade to the nearby Ronwood Ave intersection to ease traffic movement through the area.
Park-and-ride options for the new Manukau station and other sites are still under consideration.
Manukau Courier


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Lending Club (NYSE: LC), the world's largest online marketplace connecting borrowers and investors, today announced the launch of a partnership with HomeAdvisor, an online home improvement marketplace where homeowners can connect with pre-screened local home repair and improvement professionals. Under this multi-year agreement, Lending Club will be the exclusive partner providing access to loans for consumers seeking home improvement project financing through the HomeAdvisor website.
"In recent years there have been remarkably few options available for consumers to finance their home improvement or renovation project as the process for obtaining home equity lines of credit has become increasingly strenuous," said Lending Club Founder and CEO Renaud Laplanche. "We're proud to partner with HomeAdvisor to make it easier and more cost efficient for consumers to improve their homes and lives."
"For 16 years, HomeAdvisor has been the leading online marketplace for homeowners to find pre-screened local home service professionals," said Adam Burrows, SVP of Corporate Strategy at HomeAdvisor. "The partnership with Lending Club is a valuable addition to our existing offerings and will enable homeowners to seamlessly get pre-approved loans to help them achieve their goals of home improvement."
HomeAdvisor matches homeowners with pre-screened, local home improvement professionals and provides the homeowner with access to reviews on the professionals from other HomeAdvisor customers. Lending Club's marketplace will be integrated into the HomeAdvisor site so that HomeAdvisor customers can get preapproved for project financing through the Lending Club platform, with fixed monthly payments and no prepayment penalties, at interest rates starting at 3.99% (4.99% APR).
All loans made by WebBank, a Utah-chartered Industrial Bank, Member FDIC, Equal Housing Lender. Actual rates depend upon credit score, loan amount, loan term, and credit usage & history.
Read more at PR Newswire


text:
Materials Science
Semiconductor Works Better when Hitched to Graphene
Recent experiments at SLAC's SSRL reveal that an organic semiconductor transports electrical charge more efficiently when combined with the wonder material graphene.
5 Ways to Put Tiny Targets in Front of an X-ray Laser
Scientists have assembled an exotic toolbox for experiments that tap into the brightest X-rays on the planet.
SLAC Welcomes Professor and Chemical Sciences Division Director Tony Heinz
He's known for exploring fundamental properties of novel materials on the nanoscale, and for developing new tools for the exploration.
SIMES Engineers Use Brilliant X-rays to Illuminate Catalysis, Revise Theories
Stanford and SLAC engineers observed electrons at work during catalytic reactions. Their findings challenge long-held theories about some catalysts, opening the door to new or improved renewable energy applications.
First Direct Evidence that a Mysterious Phase of Matter Competes with High-Temperature Superconductivity
SLAC study shows the so-called 'pseudogap' hoards electrons that otherwise might pair up to carry current through a material with 100 percent efficiency.
Rattled Atoms Mimic High-temperature Superconductivity
An experiment at SLAC provided the first fleeting glimpse of the atomic structure of a material as it entered a state resembling room-temperature superconductivity – a long-sought phenomenon in which materials might conduct electricity with 100 percent efficiency under everyday conditions.
Agreement Gives Energy Storage Companies Easier Access to SLAC
More than a dozen energy-storage companies have streamlined access to research facilities and expertise at SLAC under a new cooperative R&D agreement with CalCharge.
Study at SLAC Explains Atomic Action in High-Temperature Superconductors
A study at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory suggests for the first time how scientists might deliberately engineer superconductors that work at higher temperatures.
Stanford Scholars Tapped for Quantum Materials Research Grants
SLAC science and technology advisor Zhi-Xun Shen is among the recipients of the Moore Experimental Investigators in Quantum Materials grants, one of the top grants in quantum materials research. Another recipient, Columbia University Professor Tony Heinz, will join SLAC and Stanford in January 2015.
Puzzling New Behavior Found in High-Temperature Superconductors
Research led by SLAC and Stanford scientists has uncovered a new, unpredicted behavior in a copper oxide material that conducts electricity without any loss at relatively high temperatures.


text:
Chicason-Mannyon Specialist Hospitals Ltd includes well trained surgeons, pediatrician, gynecologist, physicians and acupuncturists. The hospital have five Korean specialist doctors and several Nigerian doctors.In our hospital we take care as well as treat our patient in a well manner. Our hospital have well trained doctors and we make sure all the people at Chicason-Mannyon Specialist Hospital get the proper hospitality, they should feel that they are in good place.
Chicason Drive, Akwu-Uru Industrial Estate,
P. O. Box 905 Umudum, Nnewi,
Anambra State, Nigeria
Fax : +234 046 460972, 462920


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We care for Earth
+91 040 27712264
We are a reputed exporter of decorative plates and dry fruit bowls that having feature like aesthetic looks, durability and fine polish.
Purezone, our goal is to provide an environmentally-safe alternative to petroleum-based products to our customers who choose to minimize the impact of manufacturing, consumption, and disposal of food service products. Our goal is to consider the cradle-to-grave impact of each and every product we offer, in order to minimize the carbon footprint and to preserve the environment.


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Hi loves! I have been testing more then a month Mizon Night Repair Melting Rich Cream (50ml, $15.50).
This night cream comes in a red glass jar and the cream itself has a delicate floral scent to it. The cream reminds me of thick body butter. It instantly starts melting when it touches the skin and it sinks into the skin fast, leaving it soft and hydrated.
It contains niacinamide and licorice root, which helps to brighten dark spots. There is also olive oil, jojoba oil and sunflower seed oil, which help to hydrate the skin. Vitamin E softens and repairs the skin, and the formula contains antioxidants via cocoa extract and magnolia extract.
This cream is more to mature and dry skin type. I love this type of rich creams for night time, even though I have oily skin. I have used it now for some time and it hasn't been too much for my skin type. It does claim to reduce wrinkles, but the wrinkle between my brows is still there and it really hasn't gone anywhere, so I'm not too sure about the wrinkle care in it. I haven't got any new wrinkles or fine lines when using it, so it does something. But it does brighten my skin and gives it a healthy glow.
Ingredients: Water, Dimethicone (And) Phenyl Trimethicone (And) Cyclomethicone (And) Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Cyclomethicone, Synthetic Wax, Stearyl Dimethicone, Glycerin, Water (And) Sodium Hyaluronate, Niacinamide, Cetyl Peg/Ppg-10/1 Dimethicone, Water (And) Beta Glucan, Sodium Chloride, Titanium Dioxide (And) Aluminum Hydroxide (And) Stearic Acid, Olea Europaea (Olive) Fruit Oil, Helianthus Annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil, Limnanthes Alba (Meadowfoam) Seed Oil, Water (And) Propylene Glycol (And) Hydrolyzed Extensin, Sodium Pca (And) Betain (And) Sorbitol (And) Glycine (And) Alanine (And) Proline (And) Serine (And) Threonine (And) Arginine (And) Lysine (And) Glutamic Acid, Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice, Glycyrrhiza Glabra(Licorice) Root Extract, Broussonetia Extract, Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract (And) Convallaria Majalis Root Extract (And) Magnolia Liliflora Flower Extract (And) Lilium Candidum Flower Extract (And) Leontopodium Alpinum Flower/Leaf Extract, Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract, Coptis Japonica Root Extract, Adenosine, Oenothera Biennis (Evening Primrose) Oil (And) Tocopherol (And) Ascorbyl Palmitate, Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis(Jojoba) Seed Oil, Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Extract, Copper Tripeptide-1, Water (And) Glycerine (And) Butylene Glycol (And) Carbomer (And) Polysorbate-20 (And) Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, Disodium Edta, Phenoxyethanol, Methyl Paraben, Propyl Paraben, Fragrance.
All the info on the ingredients is from EWG's Skin Deep Cosmetics Database(low hazard, medium hazard, high hazard).
There are some bad ingredients in it, which can irritated sensitive skin. I haven't experience any brake outs when using this cream or irritation on my skin.
I have been enjoyed this cream, but I'm not super excited about it and wouldn't repurchase it. It was fun to try out, because of the unique formula. If you are interested you can find it on RoseRoseShop (link).
Which night cream are you using at the moment?


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World News: 16:59 GMT Monday 17th July 2017. [Research and Markets via Businesswire via SPi World News]
The "Global Coal Bed Methane Market, 2016 to 2023" report has been added to Research and Markets' offering.
The Global Coal Bed Methane Market is expected to reach US$ 4.3 Bn by 2023, expanding at a CAGR of 4.3% between 2016 to 2023.
Coal bed methane refers to the extraction of natural gas from the coal beds. Natural gas is generally present in the coal bed in the form of methane. It is also known as coal-mine methane (CMM) or coal bed gas or coal seam gas (CSG). Advancement in technology has facilitated the production of coal bed methane on commercial scale. Growing energy demand and depleting oil reserves influencing oil producer to seek alternative source of energy such as shale gas, tight oil and coal bed methane.
Coal Bed Methane market is expected to gain moderate growth with growing application of natural gas into manufacturing, residential and automotive sector. Oil deficit economies with high coal reserves are looking to explore coal bed methane to reduce their dependency on conventional oil and gas. Moreover, exploration of coal bed methane helps in mitigation of greenhouse gases therefore improve the safety of coal mining operations and also earns carbon credits are factors expected to augment the growth of global coal bed methane market over the forecast period.
However, environmental concerns over the usage of water for the recovery of coal bed methane and high capital intensive projects of exploration of coal bed methane is anticipated to restrain the growth of coal bed methane market during the forecast period (20216-2023).
Companies Mentioned
Key Topics Covered:
1. Preface
2. Executive Summary
3. Global Coal Bed Methane Market Dynamics
4. Global Coal Bed Methane Market Size (US$ Mn) (Bcf), by Application, 2013 - 2023
5. Global Coal Bed Methane Market Size (US$ Mn) (Bcf), by Geography, 2013 - 2023
6. Company Profiles
For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/sjjdf4/global_coal_bed
View source version on businesswire.com: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170717005825/en/
More news and information about Research and Markets
Business Wire: 16:59 GMT Monday 17th July 2017
Published: 2017-07-17T16:59:00.
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text:
Writer: Ron Marz
Artist: Michael Broussard
Publisher: Top Cow/Image
The first chapter of this incredible event comes to a close in this issue. After the cyborg assassin known as Aphrodite IV kills detective Sara Pezzini's sister and kidnaps her daughter in the first issue, things have started to align themselves in what is shaping up to be a battle for the universe. As stated in the recap, "Separately, thirteen powerful artifacts guide the fate of the universe. Gathered, those thirteen artifacts will bring about the end of the universe." There is a mystery villain who has been using Aphrodite IV to gather some of the more evil artifact bearers, and he is finally revealed in this issue.
This issue is by no means a stand alone issue. It doesn't jump up and "wow" you like the previous issues, but it is a great bridge to the rest of the story. Slowly, this shows the line being drawn and the sides being chosen. Five bearers have joined Aphrodite IV and her boss, while seven stand at the other end of the spectrum. What is missing is the bearer of the thirteenth artifact. Who and what it is has yet to be determined. What is known is that the balance of power lies on whoever's side this person chooses.
Life throws up options daily. We have to constantly choose what to do. We may not have the fate of the whole universe to worry about, but we do have the fate of our lives to worry about. The choices we make ultimately determine our fate. Not just in a sense of Heaven or Hell, but right here on earth. Who we are tomorrow depends on the choices we make today. One thing is for certain, we can't walk two paths. As Jesus said in Matthew 7:13-14, "Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it."
Ron Marz has done a tremendous job in laying out the foundation of this event in this first chapter. It has great story telling and is accessible to new readers, without being dull to old readers. Michael Broussard's art is top notch. He fits in different characters and makes them all unique and distinct from each other. And if you don't want to go back and look for the previous issues, good news; they will be collected into a trade before the end of the year. So you can pick up all 4 issues in a trade that will be surely loaded with some extras. In a year filled with comic events, this, to me, is the best and most accessible event of 2010 that any comic publisher has put out.
To find the closest comic shop to you CLICK HERE!


text:
To try the thousands of add-ons available here, download Mozilla Firefox, a fast, free way to surf the Web!Close
Welcome to Firefox Add-ons.
Choose from thousands of extra features and styles to make Firefox your own.Close
About me
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My Reviews
Wolfram Alpha Google
Just needs a few trimmings to make it perfect Rated 5 out of 5 stars
The extension does what it says on the tin. In future releases I'd like it to be much more like googlepedia meaning the results are full page length without needing to scroll. The status bar icon would be helpful if it was optional with a simple option in the options of the addon to turn it off and on. Also, when I installed the addon it seemed to shrink my status bar icons to a smaller size and now I don't know how to revert them back to normal size (I'm guessing this may be a bug or be caused by the icon supplied between too small).This review is for a previous version of the add-on (0.6).
Rated 5 out of 5 stars
Brilliant extension, easy to use and very useful.
Just what I was looking for.
To create your own collections, you must have a Mozilla Add-ons account.


text:
A list of nonprofit and government resources for immigrants and refugees in Defense Fund for Immigrants and Refugees passed in April this funding will not . conducts Know Your Rights workshops, helps workers navigate city, state.
This resource answers questions about the Social Security Administration's use of employer "no match"letters to identify people who are working under incorrect...
Resource what immigrant workers should know about -- triWorking With Immigration Attorneys. Earnings and Employment Impacts of Participation in Employment and.
You may be an independent contractor. If government agents question you, it is important to understand your rights. Is Your Job Killing You? Her aunt may still care for her while she awaits SIJ status and eventually adopt. A legal permanent resident LPR can legally remain in the United States and has many of the same rights and responsibilities as a U. Before engaging in protests, meet with local labor lawyers and do an analysis of your worksite and the demands or claims you could potentially allege. Solid Ground Offers housing counseling services for tenants that can help you maintain permanent and reliable rental housing. The best option for Sandra may instead be to have her declared eligible for long-term foster care with her aunt acting as a foster parent and then try to apply as an SIJ. Under "Event Type", click "Tech Help". Northwest Immigrant Rights Project has this page with a comprehensive list of resources for knowing your rights when interacting with various law enforcement officials and officers: detikhots.info. For a child to be considered an orphan, he or she must be the following:. The current rules regarding immigration as they pertain to the workplace are comprehensive enough that many small companies with fledgling human resource management departments are tempted not to sponsor work visas at all. U Visa for Main asian escorts manila philippines makati gfemanila Victims.
Tour easy: Resource what immigrant workers should know about
- Resource what immigrant workers should know about
- Foreclosure Prevention Program Eligible homeowners can receive assistance in avoiding default and working out repayment plans in order to stay in their homes. Talk to your union representative .
- India news hyderabad arrested uploading girlfriend videos porn site story ekbq yxyxm
- Resource what immigrant workers should know about
Migrant worker resource centres in Viet Nam


text:
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We love finding immerging design talent, and illustrator Melissa Bailey is no exception. Recently graduated from University, her work embraces the beauty of pencil drawings and water colours. Inspired by 'fashion blogs, magazines, film, music and of course real life', she loves finding anything new and bizarre to draw.
Having previously illustrated for The Sunday Times Style Magazine, we were excited to get her on board to illustrate our New York Fashion Week features. Melissa created a beautiful map of Manhattan, depicting the locations of our most loved NYC designers. Above is some of Melissa Bailey's previous work. It's time to get inspired!
To view Melissa Bailey's blog click here


text: I loved zipping in Scaly Mountain at Highlands Aerial Park. I met Carrie, the manager and she and Worth were my awesome guides on the tour. We zipped 7 lines through trees that were in full color. On the long lines I could see the mountains in the distance...beautiful color. I also was able to talk to the owner, George Powell. Great zip tour!


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SRC Administrator: Mayenzeke Chiya
Student Representative Council
Mr Mayenzeke Chiya was appointed as SRC Administrator by the UNIZULU Council on 26 November 2016 as permitted in terms of Section 34 of the SRC Constitution (Policy SSD P1).
Mr Chiya serves in his position with full powers, duties and functions as stipulated in the Constitution.
Tel: 060 509 1323


text:
It Comes at Night Featurette - Tension (2017) | Movieclips Coming Soon Video Download in HD Mp4, 3Gp, Video Song, Movies, Trailer Free DownloadAll credits go to their respective owners.
It Comes at Night Featurette - Tension (2017): Check out the new featurette starring Joel Edgerton, Christopher Abbott, and Carmen Ejogo! Be the first to watch, comment, and share clips and behind the scenes dropping @MovieclipsComingSoon. ► Buy Tickets to It Comes at Night: http://www.fandango.com/itcomesatnight_199695/movieoverview?cmp=MCYT_YouTube_Desc Watch more Clips and Behind the Scenes: ► MUST SEE Movie Clips Playlist http://bit.ly/2nxzNsA ► MUST SEE Behind-the-Scenes Playlist http://bit.ly/2nQRiFX ► MUST SEE Animated Trailers & Clips Playlist http://bit.ly/2nQJbZP Secure within a desolate home as an unnatural threat terrorizes the world, a man has established a tenuous domestic order with his wife and son, but this will soon be put to test when a desperate young family arrives seeking refuge. Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn We're on SNAPCHAT: http://bit.ly/2cOzfcy Like us on FACEBOOK: http://bit.ly/1QyRMsE Follow us on TWITTER: http://bit.ly/1ghOWmt The Fandango MOVIECLIPS Coming Soon channel is the destination for movie clips, interviews, trailers, TV spots, behind-the-scenes videos, and all promo content for the hottest new movies. Fandango MOVIECLIPS Coming Soon has all the newest content in one place. Good luck getting any work done once you start poking around this channel.
Duration: 1Min 18Sec
Rating: 4.4 - Good
Definition: hd
Published: 16-06-2017 (3 months ago)
Author: Movieclips Coming Soon
Related Video
It Comes At Night | Official Trailer 2 HD | A24
3 months ago


text:
Scarlett has a few opinions about marriage. She should know. She's been married twice.
Actress Scarlett Johansson says she's not sure people are cut out to be in monogamous relationships which, she believes, require "a lot of work."
"I think the idea of marriage is very romantic; it's a beautiful idea, and the practice of it can be a very beautiful thing," the 32-year-old actress said in a feature interview for this month's issue of Playboy magazine. "I don't think it's natural to be a monogamous person. I might be skewered for that, but I think it's work. It's a lot of work."
"And the fact that it is such work for so many people — for everyone — the fact of that proves that it is not a natural thing," Johansson adds. "It's something I have a lot of respect for and have participated in, but I think it definitely goes against some instinct to look beyond."
The Avengers actress said being married is far "different" than not being married, and "anybody who tells you that it's the same is lying."
"It changes things," she said. "I have friends who were together for 10 years and then decided to get married, and I'll ask them on their wedding day or right after if it's different, and it always is. It is. It's a beautiful responsibility, but it's a responsibility."
The star of Ghost in the Shell and her husband, French journalist Roman Dauriac, separated in January and have a 2-year-old daughter. Johansson also was previously married to actor Ryan Reynolds from 2008 to 2011.
Last week, Johansson told Entertainment Tonight she is "barely holding it together" as a working mother.
"I don't profess to know anything about parenting, anything more than anybody else, [but] being a working mom is an incredible challenge, [and] it's an incredible gift," she said. "I think you always feel a little bit of guilt… If you're at work, you feel like you're missing out on those special moments with your kid. If you're with your kid, you feel like you're not giving enough to your job. It's a balance."
The actress marched in the pro-abortion, anti-Trump Women's March last month after announcing, "I am marching on Washington to let our next president know that we, men and women alike, will not stand down or be silenced and will fight to protect our bodies and our choices."
First things first… If you're going to look for advice on marriage, never under any circumstances look to anyone associated with Hollywood for guidance. It's a cesspool of immorality, drugs, infidelity, and moral relativism. Very few Hollywood marriages succeed. And why would they? The actors, producers, filmers, directors, etc. are always away on location. The only couple that I've heard of that had a mildly good take on this was Paul Bettany and Jennifer Connolly, who take turns making films and travel with the family in tow for one or the other to become "set bitch" as they call it. Not ideal, but if it works for them…
The problem with Scarlett saying this kind of thing is that younger people are listening to it. They're starting to agree that marriage is for a few people out there but not for them and that getting married or being a mother won't make them happy in life. Even though studies have shown that women who stay at home with their children and who are married are much more fulfilled and happier with life than those who work full time. Believe it or not, that cubicle won't bring a life time of joy.
Yes, marriage is hard. No one denies that. And there are cases where divorce should be considered. I've always told myself that if I get married, the conditions under which I would file for divorce would be infidelity or emotion/physical/substance abuse. That's it. If you're reading this and you escaped a marriage for those reasons, you have my sympathies.
The truth of the matter (as someone bluntly stated in the comments of this Breitbart article), is that marriage is only really hard if you or your spouse are immoral. Or moral relativists. Those who are moral and committed to continuing to try and make an effort to be together, stay together. And commitment is a rarity these days in a society where women are being told that being in a marriage isn't natural. Or if things don't work out, no worries. You can always just get a divorce.
Scarlett sunk below the depths of respectability for me when she participated in that god awful anti-Trump advert that completely bombed and resulted in a number of response videos from people who can't stand these liberal Hollywood elites talking down to those who pay for movie tickets. But telling younger women that that marriage is unnatural and that it's "too hard" makes her an example for young women not to follow.
Although, it does make sense in a way. The left in general loves big government programs and the idea of taking money out the pockets of the "rich" or "top 1%" rather than doing the work themselves. So naturally the idea of marriage was too much work for Scarlett. Let's see how this gamble works out when her beauty fades and the box office ticket sales begin to hit a snag.
The fame won't make her happy thirty years down the road. But clearly the left has her believing that it will. And don't listen to Hollywood liberal idiots trying to convince you (especially if you're a young woman reading this) that marriage is unnatural or that monogamy doesn't work. It's been done since the beginning of time and women who are married and stay-at-home moms are happier. The studies have proven that to be true. Don't let the left tell you otherwise. The left doesn't want you to know this. They want your income taxes from your slave labor. Don't give it to them. Also, couples that have only the husband working tend to make more money because the man is being taken care of by his woman and he can really thrive in a work environment. I understand that some women have to work because the economy is such shit that couples need duel incomes. My sympathies. This doesn't apply to those people.
Of course marriage and kids aren't for everyone. But then again, no woman was ever made truly fulfilled or happy by being a single mother, working constantly, and being away from her children who latch onto her legs begging her not to go to work.


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- Calories 160
- Fat 0g
- Satfat 0g
- Unsatfat 0g
- Protein 0g
- Carbohydrates 12g
- Fiber 1g
- Sugars 11g
- Added sugars 7g
- Sodium 163mg
- Calcium 1% DV
- Potassium 4% DV
Tomato-Elderflower Cocktail
How to Make It
Step 1
Place tomatoes and ½ cup water in a blender; blend on high until smooth, about 1 to 2 minutes. Pour through a fine sieve into a pitcher; discard solids. Mix in lemon juice, simple syrup, and salt.
Step 2
Add 1/3 cup tomato mixture, 3 oz. vodka, and .5 oz. St-Germain to a cocktail shaker. Fill with ice; cover, and shake well. Strain evenly into 2 glasses. Repeat twice with remaining ingredients. Garnish with tomatoes and fresh basil, if desired.


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property description
Located on one of the best open water lots in Eastern Shores, this brand-new construction, modern home will be a dream come true! With 100' of waterfront, new pool, wood deck & new dock, the backyard is ideal for entertaining. The stunning lake views are visible through large hurricane impact windows & doors. Elegant high-end Italian finishes, marble & wood floors, & elevator. The kitchen will feature top-of-the-line appliances & wine cooler. Enjoy the comfort of living in a luxurious, new modern home!
Exterior Features
- Wood Decking
- High Impact Doors
Interior Features
- Elevator


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© gram - the 352g in beige wool and brown leather gram takes a trip down memory lane to the heyday of true style. the brand's a/w 2011 resurrection collection is all about craftsmanship, classic aesthetics and mountaineering while adding it's very own signature twist. hand-made in family-run workshops in china, the shoes come in matching shades of mustard, indigo, grass and poppy offset by subdued khaki, back and thyme. oiled leather and nubuck pair up with parachute polyester and sturdy oilskin canvas, adding a contemporary edge. this new range of shoes very appropriately incorporates a collab with swedish handprint factory jobs which crafted designs for two models. shown here are two styles from the collection that we particularly like. gram's a/w 2011 resurrection collection is available at select stores across the planet, including cry wolf [new york], liberty [london], 2pr [amsterdam], united arrows [tokyo] and alphaville [sydney].
© gram - the 398g with jobs' green-brown printed canvas


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Memo for Murder--_--DUBSTEP
Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- Sep 13, 2010 | 6:12 AM EDT
- File Info
- Song
- 3 min 34 sec
- Score
- 4.11 / 5.00
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Licensing Terms
Please contact me if you would like to use this in a project. We can discuss the details.
- Score:
- Rated 4.11 / 5 stars
- Plays & Downloads:
- 1,956 Plays | 123 Downloads
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- Genres:
- Electronic - Dubstep
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Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Oh god damn
You're stuff is so beautiful. I love the review below me... it's the truth.
May you have many children and then teach them how to do this.
Rated 4 / 5 stars
Congrats! I'm givin you a legit review tho ;)
I love your stuff, Zenon. Always have. It's got that darkness to it that makes me think, "If the ideals of metalcore got married to epic dance music of sorts and decided to have a baby, this is exactly how that baby would sound crying out of the womb." I know, strange comparison. But, your stuff has always been there for me to listen to and get excited about.
However, we both know that I can produce a damn nasty formant bass. ;) Try bitcrushing it a little more, giving it a slightly deeper. I find stereoizing works phenomenally well also, especially with some extra chorus. Go for it, and have fun! =D
Great tune overall, although I think the mix needs a little cleaning up, and the ideas may need a little refining, especially towards the conclusion. Your percussive edge in this song is something noteworthy though. Keep it up bro, you're soon to be crowned a king of dubstep if you keep following this path! =D
Your friendly neighborhood dubstep producer,
Rated 4 / 5 stars
Crazy Shit! Love the sick bass.


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(Eq. 17-1)
Through metabolism, the body produces approximately 150 g of H+ each day. Yet the concentration of H+ in the extracellular body fluids is maintained within a narrow range from 36 to 44 nmol/L (pH 7.35 to 7.45). Through mechanisms that involve the lungs and kidneys, the body controls and excretes H+ in order to maintain pH homeostasis. Imbalances between the rate of acid formation and excretion can occur and can lead to alterations in consciousness, neuromuscular irritability, tetany, coma, and death.
The relative strengths of acids and bases, their ability to dissociate in water, are described by their dissociation constant (Ka). Tables of dissociation constants can be found online and in most biochemistry texts. The pKa is defined as the negative log of the dissociation constant. The dissociation constant is also known as the ionization constant. If the pH equals pKa, then the solution in equilibrium and protonated and unprotonated species are present in equal concentrations. If the pH of the solution is less than pKa then majority of the components will largely be protonated. Many species have more than one pKa meaning they can accept or donate more than one H+.
Buffer Systems: Regulation of H+ and the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
A buffer consists of a weak acid and a salt of its conjugate base, and it resists the change in pH upon adding acid or base. The effectiveness of a buffer depends on the pKa of the buffering system and the pH of the environment in which it is placed. In plasma, the bicarbonate–carbonic acid system, is one of the principal buffers:
Buffers consist of a weak acid, such as carbonic acid (H2CO3), and a salt of its conjugate base, such as bicarbonate (HCO3–), which forms the bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system. H2CO3 is a weak acid because it does not completely dissociate into H+ and HCO3–, whereas a strong acid, such as HCl, completely dissociates into H+ and Cl– in solution. When hydrogen ions are added to the bicarbonate–carbonic acid system, the HCO3– will combine with the H+ to form H2CO3 (Eq. 17-2). Therefore, bicarbonate–carbonic acid reaction is driven to the right, increasing the amount of carbonic acid and consuming bicarbonate ion. Conversely when a strong base is added, H2CO3 will combine with the OH– ions to form H2O and the weaker conjugate base HCO3–.
Although the bicarbonate–carbonic acid system has low buffering capacity, it is still the most important buffer system in extracellular fluids for three reasons: (1) H2CO3 dissociates into CO2 and H2O, allowing CO2 to be eliminated by the lungs and H+ as water; (2) changes in CO2 modify the ventilation (respiratory) rate; and (3) HCO3– concentration can be changed by the kidneys.
Proteins and phosphates are also involved in buffering, primarily in the intracellular fluids and to a minor extent in the extracellular spaces. Most circulating proteins have a net negative charge and are capable of binding H+. The phosphate buffer system (HPO42– – H2PO4–) is the primary buffer in urine and is involved in the exchange of sodium ion in the urine filtrate. Hemoglobin plays a role in buffering the CO2 as it is transported to the lungs for excretion.
The lungs and kidneys play important roles in extracellular fluid pH homeostasis. The interrelationship of the lungs and kidneys in maintaining pH is depicted by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (Eq. 17-3). The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation expresses acid–base relationships in a mathematical formula:
where A– is the proton acceptor or base (e.g., HCO3–), HA is the proton donor or weak acid (e.g., H2CO3), and pKa′ is the pH at which there is an equal concentration of protonated and unprotonated species. Knowing any of the three variables allows for the calculation of the fourth.
Regulation of Acid–Base Balance: Lungs and Kidneys (Transport of Carbon Dioxide)
Carbon dioxide, the end product of most aerobic metabolic processes, easily diffuses out of the tissue where it is produced and into the plasma and red cells in the surrounding capillaries. In plasma, a small amount of CO2 is physically dissolved or combined with amino groups of proteins to form carbamino compounds. However, most of the CO2 freely diffuses into the red blood cells and catalysed by carbonic anhydrase, combines with H2O to form H2CO3, that dissociates into H+ and HCO3– (Fig. 17.1).
FIGURE 17.1 Interrelationship of the bicarbonate and hemoglobin buffering systems.
The dissociation of H2CO3 causes development of a concentration gradient due to the increase in HCO3– concentration; accordingly, biocarbonate ions diffuse from the red cells and diffuse into the plasma. To maintain electroneutrality (the same number of positively and negatively charged ions on each side of the red cell membrane), chloride diffuses into the cell. This is known as the chloride shift (also known as the Hamburger shift). The H+ generated is buffered by binding with the recently deoxygenated hemoglobin molecules. This is why the abbreviation HHb is used to designate deoxygenated hemoglobin, because it has hydrogen bound instead of oxygen.
In the lungs, this process is reversed. Inspired O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood and is bound to hemoglobin, forming oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb). The H+ that was carried on the (reduced) hemoglobin in the venous blood is released to recombine with HCO3– to form H2CO3, which dissociates into H2O and CO2. The CO2 diffuses into the alveoli and is eliminated through ventilation. The net effect of these systems is a minimal change in H+ concentration between the venous and arterial circulation. When the lungs do not remove CO2 at the rate of its production, it accumulates in the blood, causing an increase in H+ concentration. However, if CO2 removal is faster than its production (hyperventilation), the H+ concentration will be decreased. Therefore, the pH of the blood will increase. A change in the H+ concentration of blood that results from nonrespiratory disturbances causes the respiratory center to respond by altering the rate of ventilation in an effort to restore the blood pH to normal. The lungs together with the buffer systems provide the first line of defense to change the acid–base status.
The kidneys regulate the excretion of both acid and base, making them an important player in the regulation of acid–base balance. Specifically, the kidney's main role is to reabsorb bicarbonate ion, HCO3–, from the glomerular filtrate in the proximal tubules (Fig. 17.2A). If bicarbonate ions were not reasborbed and excreted in the urine, this would impact the bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system resulting causing a markedly increased levels of H+ ions. Because the glomerular filtrate contains the same HCO3– concentration as plasma, passive reabsorption of HCO3– across the tubule membrane into the blood cannot occur. Instead, sodium (Na+) in the glomerular filtrate is exchanged for H+ in the tubular cell. The H+ combines with HCO3– in the filtrate to form H2CO3, that is subsequently converted into H2O and CO2 by carbonic anhydrase. The CO2 diffuses into the tubular cells and reacts with H2O to reform H2CO3, which then largely disassociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed into the blood along with sodium. The hydrogen ion provides a vehicle to reabsorb bicarbonate ion. In a healthy individual, virtually all of the filtered bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed.
FIGURE 17.2 Bicarbonate reabsorption by the proximal tubule cell. C–A, carbonic anhydrase.
During alkalosis, the kidney excretes HCO3– to compensate for the elevated blood pH. The exchange between H+ and Na+ suggests, in part, why clinicians order pH and blood gases together, along with electrolytes (Na+, K+, and Cl–) to assess the acid–base status of a patient.
Under normal conditions, the body produces a net excess (50 to 100 mmol/L) of acid (H+) each day that must be excreted by the kidney. The minimum urine pH that can be generated is 4.6, which limits the amount of free hydrogen ion excretion. The phosphate buffering system (Fig. 17.2B) allows for greater hydrogen ion excretion. Most of the H+ ions in the glomerular filtrate combine with monohydrogen phosphate (HPO42–) and ammonia (NH3) and is excreted in the urine as dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4–) and ammonium ions (NH4+). Ammonia is produced by the deamination of glutamine and other amino acids. During acidosis ammonia production is increased to help buffer the excess hydrogen ions.
The Bicarbonate Buffering System
In assessing acid–base homeostasis, components of the bicarbonate buffering system are measured and calculated. Inferences can be made from these results about the systems produce, retain, and excrete the acids and bases. For the bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system, the dissolved CO2 (dCO2) is in equilibrium with CO2 gas, which can be expelled by the lungs. Because the CO2 can be removed, the bicarbonate buffering system is referred to as an open system, and the dCO2, expelled by the lungs, is the respiratory component. The lungs participate rapidly in the regulation of blood pH through hypoventilation or hyperventilation. The kidneys, the nonrespiratory or also known as the metabolic component, control the bicarbonate concentration.
In plasma and at body temperature (37°C), the pKa′ of the bicarbonate–carbonic acid buffer system is 6.1. The concentration of H2CO3 is proportional to the partial pressure exerted by the dCO2. In plasma at 37°C, the value for the combination of the solubility constant for pCO2 and the factor to convert mm Hg to mmol/L is 0.0307 mmol/L/mm Hg. The solubility constant is dependent on temperature and the solvent. Both pH and pCO2 are measured in blood gas analysis, and the pKa′ is a constant; therefore, HCO3– can be calculated:
When the kidneys and lungs are functioning properly, the ratio of HCO3– to H2CO3 is 20:1, corresponding to a pH of 7.40. This can be calculated by substituting normal values (Table 17.1) for HCO3– and pCO2 from the preceding equation:
TABLE 17.1 Arterial Blood Gas Reference Range at 37°C
The normal pH of 7.4 can be derived by adding the log of 20 (1.3) to the pKa′ of the bicarbonate system (7.40 = 6.1 + 1.3).
The numerator (HCO3–) denotes the kidney function, whereas the denominator (pCO2, which represents H2CO3) denotes the lung function. The lungs will impact pH through retention or elimination of CO2 by changing the rate and volume of ventilation. The kidneys regulate pH by excreting acid, primarily in the ammonium ion, and by reclaiming HCO3– from the glomerular filtrate.
A 50-year-old man came to the emergency department after returning from foreign travel. His symptoms included persistent diarrhea over the past 3 days and rapid respirations (tachypnea). Blood sample for blood gas analysis was drawn with the following results:
1. What is the patient's acid–base status?
2. Why is the HCO3– level low?
3. Why does the patient have rapid respirations?
Acid–Base Disorders: Acidosis and Alkalosis
Acid–base disorders result from imbalances in the acid base equilibrium. When blood pH is less than the reference range (7.35 to 7.45), it is termed acidemia. Similarly, a pH greater than the reference range is termed alkalemia. Acidemia will result if the hydrogen ion concentration increases through increased pCO2 concentrations or decreases in the bicarbonate concentration. Alkalemia will result with hydrogen ion concentrations that are decreased, either from decreased pCO2 or increased concentrations of bicarbonate. Technically, the suffix -osis refers to a process in the body; the suffix -emia refers to the corresponding state in blood (-osis is the cause of the -emia).
A disorder caused by ventilatory dysfunction (a change in the pCO2, the respiratory component) is termed primary respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. A disorder resulting from a change in the bicarbonate level (a renal or metabolic function) is termed a nonrespiratory or metabolic disorder.
The response to maintain acid–base homeostasis is termed compensation and is accomplished by altering the factor not associated with the primary process. Mixed acid–base disorders arise from the presence of more than one process or compensatory mechanism in response to the primary disorder. For example, if the imbalance is of metabolic (nonrespiratory) origin, the body compensates by altering ventilation. Conversely, for disturbances of the respiratory component, the kidneys will compensate by selectively excreting or reabsorbing specific ions.
The lungs can immediately compensate by retaining or expelling carbon dioxide; however, this response is short term and often incomplete, whereas the kidneys are slower to respond (2 to 4 days), but the response is long term and sustained. Fully compensated status implies that the pH has returned to the normal range (the ratio of HCO3– to H2CO3 of 20:1 has been restored); partially compensated implies that the pH is approaching normal.
Acidosis may be caused by a primary metabolic or respiratory imbalance. In primary metabolic acidosis, the amount of acid exceeds the capacity of the buffer systems, and there is a decrease in bicarbonate to less than 24 mmol/L. The resulting decrease in pH is due to the decreased ratio of the metabolic to respiratory component in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
where N is a normal value and ∝ indicates proportional.
The body compensates for metabolic acidosis through hyperventilation, which is an increase in the rate or depth of breathing. By expelling (i.e., "blowing off") CO2, the base-to-acid ratio will normalize by reducing the pCO2 and thereby elevating the pH. Secondary compensation occurs when the kidneys begin to correct the ratio by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions.
Metabolic acidosis may be caused by the following reasons:
- Direct administration or ingestion of acid-producing substances (i.e., ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, salicylates, ethanol).
- Production of organic acids as seen with diabetic ketoacidosis (increased levels of acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid in lactic acidosis).
- Reduced excretion of acids as seen in renal tubular acidosis.
- Excessive loss of bicarbonate from diarrhea or drainage from a biliary, pancreatic, or intestinal fistula.
An 80-year-old woman fell on the ice and fractured her femur. After several hours, upon arrival to the emergency department, she was anxious, panting, and complaining of severe chest pain along with not being able to breathe. Her pulse was rapid (tachycardia) as was her respiration rate (tachypnea). A sample for blood gases was drawn and yielded the following results:
1. What is the patient's acid–base status?
2. Why is the HCO3– level low?
Primary respiratory acidosis results from a decrease in alveolar ventilation (hypoventilation), causing a decreased elimination of CO2 by the lungs:
Respiration is regulated in the medulla of the brain. Chemoreceptors present in the aortic arch and the carotid sinus respond to the levels of H+ (pH), O2, and CO2 in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
Respiratory acidosis may be caused by the following reasons:
- Ineffective removal of CO2 from the blood as seen in lung disease.
- Airway obstruction as seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Destructive changes in the airways and alveolar walls increase the size of the alveolar air spaces, resulting in a reduction of the lung surface area available for gas exchange. As a result, CO2 is retained in the blood, causing chronic hypercarbia (elevated pCO2).
- Drugs such as barbiturates, morphine, and alcohol will cause hypoventilation which subsequently increase blood pCO2 levels.
- Decreased cardiac output, as observed with congestive heart failure, will result in less blood being presented to the lungs for gas exchange and, therefore, an elevated pCO2.
In primary respiratory acidosis, the compensation occurs through metabolic processes. However, as previously mentioned, the metabolic processes, unlike the respiratory, require hours to days to affect the pH. Therefore, it takes days to weeks for full compensation to occur. The kidneys respond to respiratory acidosis by increasing the excretion of H+ and reclamation of HCO3–. As a result of this, HCO3– in the blood increases causing the pH to return to normal.
As with acidosis, alkalosis can result from metabolic and respiratory causes. Primary metabolic alkalosis results from a gain in HCO3–, causing an increase in the pH:
Metabolic alkalosis maybe caused by the following reasons:
- Excess administration of sodium bicarbonate or through ingestion of bicarbonate-producing salts, such as sodium lactate, citrate, and acetate.
- Excessive loss of acid through vomiting, nasogastric suctioning, or prolonged use of diuretics that augment renal excretion of H+ can produce an apparent increase in HCO3–.
- Hypokalemia and chloride deficit stimulate the reabsorption of HCO3– in the distal tubules.
The hydrogen ion sensors in the brain signal the respiratory center to depress respiration, which results in hypoventilation and increases the retention of CO2 thereby increasing pCO2 and lowering the pH. However, this response is erratic, and increases in pCO2 is a stimulus itself to increase respiration. Ultimately, the primary cause of metabolic alkalosis needs to be corrected.
Primary respiratory alkalosis from an increased rate of alveolar ventilation causes excessive elimination of CO2 by the lungs:
The causes of respiratory alkalosis include:
- Hypoxemia- and hysteria-induced hyperventilation.
- Chemical stimulation of the respiratory center by drugs, such as salicylates and nicotine that cause hyperventilation.
- Pulmonary emboli or pulmonary fibrosis in which pulmonary oxygen exchange is impaired.
The kidneys compensate by excreting HCO3– in the urine and reclaiming H+ to the blood.
A 24-year-old graduate student was brought to the emergency department in a comatose state after being found unconscious in his room. A bottle of secobarbital (sedative) was found on his bed stand. He did not respond to painful stimuli, his respiration was barely perceptible, and his pulse was weak. A sample for blood gases was drawn and yielded the following results:
1. What is the patient's acid–base status?
2. What caused the profound hypoventilation?
3. Once the respiratory component returns to normal, what will be the patient's expected acid–base status?
A 24-year-old Himalayan man was accepted to graduate school in the United States. Before leaving home, he had an extensive physical exam that included various blood tests. When the medical staff at the US university reviewed his medical records, it was noted that all test results were normal except the HCO3–, which was 15 mmol/L (reference range, 22 to 26 mmol/L). The HCO3– was done separately on a serum sample. It was not part of a blood gas panel. To rule out nonrespiratory acidosis, the university physician wanted to check current status of the HCO3–. The value was 24 mmol/L.
1. How would his blood gases results (pH, pCO2, HCO3−) differ between home and the US?
2. Which direction does the oxygen dissociation curve shift at altitude?
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
The role of oxygen in metabolism is crucial to life. In the mitochondria, electrons from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 are transferred through the electron transport chain to reduce molecular oxygen to water. pO2 is measured to evaluate a patient's oxygen status and is typically measured along with pH and pCO2 in routine blood gas analysis.
For adequate tissue oxygenation, the following seven conditions are necessary: (1) available atmospheric oxygen, (2) adequate ventilation, (3) gas exchange between the lungs and arterial blood, (4) binding of O2 onto hemoglobin, (5) adequate hemoglobin, (6) adequate blood flow to tissues, and (7) release of O2 to the tissue. Any disturbances in these conditions can result in hypoxia, poor tissue oxygenation.
The amount of O2 available in atmospheric air depends on the barometric pressure (BP) and altitude. At sea level, the BP is 760 mm Hg. (In the International System of Units, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa, where 1 Pa = 1 N/m2.) Dalton's law states that total atmospheric pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of each of the gases in the atmosphere. One atmosphere exerts 760 mm Hg of pressure and is made up of O2 (20.93%), CO2 (0.03%), nitrogen (78.1%), and inert gases (~1%). The percentage for each gas is the same at all altitudes; the partial pressure for each gas in the atmosphere is equal to the BP at a particular altitude times the appropriate percentage for each gas. The vapor pressure of water (47 mm Hg) at 37°C must be accounted for in calculating the partial pressure for the individual gases (Fig. 17.3). In the body, these gases are always fully saturated with water. For example:
FIGURE 17.3 Gas content in lungs and pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Air is moved into the lungs through expansion of the thoracic cavity, which creates a temporary negative pressure gradient, causing air to move into the numerous tracheal branches that terminate at the alveoli. Gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary blood occurs in the alveoli. At the beginning of inspiration, these airways are still filled with air (gas) retained from the previously expired breath. This air, termed dead space air, dilutes the air being inspired. The inspired air is warmed to 37°C and becomes saturated with water vapor and mixes with air in the alveoli. The resulting pO2 in the alveoli averages about 110 mm Hg instead of the anticipated 149 mm Hg. There are many factors that can influence the amount of O2 that moves to the alveoli, and some of the factors are as follows:
- Destruction of the alveoli. The normal surface area of the alveoli is as big as a tennis court. Diminished surface area in diseases such as emphysema will cause an inadequate amount of O2 to move into the blood.
- Pulmonary edema. Gas diffuses from the alveoli into the capillary through a small space. With pulmonary edema, fluid "leaks" into this space and inhibits diffusion of gases.
- Airway blockage. In patients with asthma or bronchitis, airways are blocked, which prevents air from the atmosphere from reaching the alveoli.
There are factors that can influence the amount of O2 to the tissue, and some common causes of inadequate perfusion are as follows:
- Inadequate blood supply. When the blood supply to the lung is inadequate, O2 enters the blood in the lungs, but not enough blood is being carried away to the tissue where it is needed. This may be the consequence of a blockage in a pulmonary blood vessel (pulmonary embolism), pulmonary hypertension, or heart failure.
- Diffusion of CO2 and O2. O2 diffuses 20 times slower than CO2, it is more sensitive to problems with diffusion. In instances such as pulmonary edema, hypoxemia will develop but with minimal alteration to pCO2. This type of hypoxemia is generally treated with supplemental O2. The percentage of O2 can be increased temporarily when needed; however, 60% or higher O2 concentrations must be used with caution because it can be toxic to the lungs.
- Intrapulmonary shunting. Nonfunctional alveoli prohibits venous blood from being oxygenated that results in decreased oxygen content.
- Anemia. Blood with less hemoblogin will carry proportionally less oxygen.
Oxygen Transport
Most O2 in arterial blood is transported to the tissue by hemoglobin. In the adult, hemoglobin (A1) molecule can combine reversibly with four molecules of O2. The actual amount of O2 loaded onto hemoglobin depends on the availability of O2; concentration and type(s) of hemoglobin present; presence of competing molecules, such as carbon monoxide (CO); pH; temperature of the blood; and levels of pCO2 and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). With adequate atmospheric and alveolar O2 available and normal diffusion of O2 to the arterial blood, more than 95% of "functional" hemoglobin (hemoglobin capable of reversibly binding O2) will bind O2. The percentage of O2 in inspired air, or fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), can be increased by breathing gas mixtures up to 100% O2. Increasing FiO2 further saturates hemoglobin. However, once the hemoglobin is 100% saturated, an increase in O2 to the alveoli serves only to increase the concentration of dO2 in the arterial blood. Prolonged administration of high concentrations of O2 may cause oxygen toxicity and, in some cases, decreased ventilation that leads to hypercarbia.
Hemoglobin exists in one of four conditions:
1. O2Hb is the erythrocyte hemoglobin. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the heme group reversibly binds to O2.
2. Deoxyhemoglobin (HHb), also known as reduced hemoglobin, is hemoglobin not bound to O2 but capable of forming a bond when O2 is available. Notably, hemoglobin increases its affinity to hydrogen ions as it loses O2.
3. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide (CO) and is not available for O2 transport. This is because the bond between CO and Hb is 200 times stronger than the bond between O2 and Hb.
4. Methemoglobin (MetHb) is hemoglobin unable to bind O2 because iron (Fe) is in an oxidized (Fe3+) rather than reduced state. The Fe3+ can be reduced by the enzyme methemoglobin reductase, which is found in red blood cells.


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Financial reasons played a key role in the Nationals' offseason decision to trade for then-White Sox center fielder Adam Eaton instead of the Pirates' Andrew McCutchen, reports FOX Sports' Ken Rosenthal (video link). With his $4MM salary this year, Eaton is much cheaper than McCutchen ($14MM), and acquiring the latter would have forced the Nationals to jettison left-hander Gio Gonzalez and his $12MM price tag in a separate deal, says Rosenthal. In addition to having concerns over how their payroll would have looked with McCutchen, the Nationals had no interest in meeting Pittsburgh's lofty demands for the five-time All-Star. Washington bought high on Eaton, whose excellent 2016 helped convinced the club to give up high-end pitching prospects Lucas Giolito, Reynaldo Lopez and Dane Dunning for him. McCutchen, on the other hand, had a career-worst season last year, yet the Pirates wanted an even more impressive package for him than the Nationals sent the White Sox, according to Rosenthal. Pittsburgh held out for both pitching prospects and major leaguers, leading the Nats to go in another direction.
Trade From Cardinals Helped David Freese Deal With Depression
Pirates corner infielder David Freese has battled depression throughout his life, often making his reputation as a Cardinals World Series hero (and St. Louis-area native) feel like a burden, USA Today's Bob Nightengale writes. Freese's depression and difficulty defining himself in the wake of his 2011 World Series heroics led to a downward spiral. (Freese also had a previous history of alcoholism and alcohol-related arrests.) "You could tell something was not right," says Cardinals GM John Mozeliak said. "I don't know the bloody details what was going on, but I knew the path he was on was going to make life difficult for him to manage." The Cardinals noticed the problem and provided counseling, but ultimately decided that it was best for both Freese and the team if he had a change of scenery. They then traded him to the Angels, where he wouldn't have to deal quite so much with the social demands of his popularity in St. Louis. Freese also met the woman who became his wife. Now in Pittsburgh, he feels he's turned his life around. "I used to be so afraid what would happen to me after baseball," he says. Now, though, "I can't wait to get out of bed in the morning. You wake up, and you're ready to face the world." Here's more from the NL Central.
Reactions To Starling Marte's Suspension
The baseball world was collectively stunned yesterday by the announcement of an 80-game suspension for Pirates center fielder Starling Marte, who tested positive for Nandrolone — an anabolic steroid (which, as Bill Brink of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette details, has a long history of use in professional sports). Unsurprisingly, there have been a number of reaction pieces written, to say nothing of significant on-field ramifications for the Bucs, who will be without arguably their best player for half of the 2017 season. Some notable aftereffects and reactions…
- The Pirates have shifted Andrew McCutchen back to center field will utilize a combination of Adam Frazier, Josh Harrison, John Jaso and Jose Osuna (who was called up from Triple-A following Marte's suspension) in right field, as MLB.com's Adam Berry writes in an excellent breakdown on the fallout from Marte's 80-game ban. The Bucs have no plans to shift Josh Bell back to the outfield at this time, per Berry.
- While the immediate reaction from many was that Marte's suspension could open a window for touted outfield prospect Austin Meadows, GM Neal Huntington ruled out that possibility (also via Berry's piece). "We're encouraged by where Meadows will be at some point over the course of the summer," Huntington told reporters. "He's not ready right now, but we're thrilled by where he can go." It's hard to refute Huntington's assessment; even though Meadows clearly comes with a lofty ceiling, he's followed up last year's .214/.297/.460 showing in 175 Triple-A plate appearances with a mere .146/.217/.244 line through 46 PAs in Indianapolis this season. The Pirates typically wait until their top prospects have avoided Super Two status before promoting them to the Majors anyhow, but statistically speaking, Meadows has yet to demonstrate that he's ready for more advanced competition.
- Marte first tested positive early in Spring Training, reports USA Today's Bob Nightengale, but he was allowed to play through this point in the season as his appeal process played out. Nightengale adds that while the Pirates could theoretically make a run at Angel Pagan now with a hole in the outfield, they'll likely pass. Huntington suggested that trades aren't an option at this time, Nightengale adds. In Berry's column above, Huntington indeed suggested that trades for impact players at this point of the season are "not real," and he cast some doubt on bringing in a free agent: "We'll always look for ways to improve the club. It would have to be someone who is a significant upgrade over our internal options."
- Marte's teammates, certainly, are disappointed by the news, but they also offered messages of support following the news, writes Stephen J. Nesbitt of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. McCutchen, Josh Harrison, Gregory Polanco and Gerrit Cole were among the members of the Pirates roster quoted in Nesbitt's column. "He's not exiled," Harrison told reporters. "He made a mistake." Polanco and Cole both referred to Marte as their "brother" when speaking to the media. "When you make a mistake, you gotta pay for it," McCutchen said to reporters before also voicing his support. "…I'm just trying to be a good friend before I am a teammate."
- Cubs first baseman Anthony Rizzo was among the players to call for more testing throughout the league. Rizzo was doing an interview with Yahoo's Big League Stew at the time the news of the suspension hit, and told them (Twitter link): "It kinda makes you angry as a player, because you know there are still flaws in the system, you know there are still guys getting away with it. For me, I've been drug tested zero times this year. Not once since the beginning-of-Spring-Training standard drug test. Guys are going to get away with it as long as they can and obviously everybody's going to say they didn't know they were doing it." Many current and former players took to social media to call for more stringent testing policies and, in some cases, harsher punishment for first-time offenders.
- ESPN's Buster Olney opines that Marte's suspension taints his legacy in Pittsburgh to the point that he can never provide a suitable return on their long-term investment in him. Marte's suspension comes early in a pivotal season for the Pirates that may very well be McCutchen's last year in black and yellow, Olney notes, and Pittsburgh had very little margin for error as it sought to keep up with the Cubs and Cardinals. While it's hard to disagree with the notion that Marte's suspension is a poorly timed blow that that Pirates could ill afford, the suggestion that he's "torpedoed" his value beyond repair seems excessive. Marte is earning a combined $17.5MM in 2018-19 and has a pair of reasonably priced club options for the 2020 and 2021 seasons.
- Yahoo's Jeff Passan lists a number of myths and truths about performance enhancing drugs in a reaction column, ultimately calling for transparency and regulated use of certain substances (though not necessarily Nandrolone). Passan points out that some steroids are already commonly used (e.g. cortisone injections for pain) as a reference point when citing that the term "performance enhancing drugs" is rather arbitrary in its nature. "There is a place for chemistry in baseball and all other sports, and it is in a tightly regulated, ever-evolving partnership with doctors, chemists, politicians, ethicists, management and players to develop fair rules for sport while acknowledging sport itself can benefit from the use of drugs," writes Passan. "The rules in place now don't work. They never have. They never will." Passan also suggests that PEDs will never be eradicated from baseball and disagrees with any suggestion that Marte's value has somehow been erased by the suspension, among other points.
- Marte might be the best player (at the time of his punishment) to ever receive a suspension for performance enhancing drug use, writes The Ringer's Ben Lindbergh. Lindbergh profiles the numerous reasons that Marte has flown under the radar as one of Major League Baseball's most underrated and unheralded stars in recent years, though certainly now that view will be tainted in the eyes of many. As Lindberg adds, there's a cascading effect of Marte's suspension, in that the downturn in the Pirates' expected performance will now make a trade of McCutchen and, eventually, a promotion of Meadows all the more likely.
Starling Marte Suspended 80 Games For Positive PED Test
Pirates outfielder Starling Marte has been suspended for 80 games due to a positive PED test, the league announced. Marte tested positive for Nandrolone, an anabolic steroid. As per Major League Baseball's PED policy, Marte will receive the 80-game suspension assigned to first-time offenders, he won't be paid during his suspension (which will cost Marte roughly $2.4MM of his $5MM salary for the season) and he'll be ineligible for Pittsburgh's postseason roster if the Bucs make the playoffs.
The shocking news leaves the Pirates (and MLB itself) without one of the game's most well-rounded young stars. Marte hit .292/.349/.448 with 53 homers and 148 steals over 2273 PA from 2013-16, his first four full seasons in the big leagues, amassing 16.7 fWAR in that stretch. He made his first All-Star appearance last year and is a two-time Gold Glove winner for his outstanding left field defense. Marte displayed such excellent glovework that the Pirates moved him into the starting center field job this season, with longtime face of the franchise Andrew McCutchen shifting to right field and Gregory Polanco going from right to left field.
The Pirates clearly saw Marte as a long-term building block, signing him to a six-year, $31MM extension (with club options for 2020 and 2021) prior to the 2014 season. Beyond his remaining post-suspension dollars this season, Marte is slated to earn $17.5MM in 2018-19, with a $11.5MM salary/$2MM buyout on the 2020 club option and $12.5MM salary/$1MM buyout for 2021.
[updated Pirates depth chart at Roster Resource]
There's no good way for the Pirates to truly replace such an important player, and their outfield depth is further limited by Polanco missing time recently due to a minor groin injury. The short-term answer would be to move McCutchen back to center, despite his declining glove, and giving more time to Adam Frazier, John Jaso, or even Josh Harrison in a corner outfield spot. The move with longer-term implications for the Pirates would be to promote Austin Meadows, one of the game's best prospects. Meadows hasn't hit well in Triple-A so far this season, however, and he has just 186 total PA at the Triple-A level. The Pirates might want to hold off on promoting the 21-year-old both until they're sure he is ready, and of course service time considerations are also likely a factor for the small-market team.
Marte released the following statement (hat tip to Ken Rosenthal of FOX Sports) to fans and media:
"I have been informed that I have tested positive in one of the tests that are regularly done in my job. In this very difficult moment I apologize to my family, the Pittsburgh Pirates, my teammates, my fans, and baseball in general. Neglect and lack of knowledge have led me to this mistake with the high price to pay of being away from the field that I enjoy and love so much. With much embarrassment and helplessness, I ask for forgiveness for unintentionally disrespecting so many people who have trusted in my work and have supported me so much. I promise to learn the lesson that this ordeal has left me. God bless you."
Pirates club president Frank Coonelly also made a public statement in regards to Marte's suspension:
"The Pittsburgh Pirates fully support MLB's Joint Drug Agreement, including the very tough penalties for violations of its prohibitions. We are disappointed that Starling put himself, his teammates and the organization in this position. We will continue to fight for the division title with the men who are here and will look forward to getting Starling back after the All-Star break."
The Pirates have called up Jose Osuna to take Marte's spot on the 25-man roster. Osuna, 24, is a first baseman/outfielder who is getting his first taste of the majors after eight years in Pittsburgh's farm system. Baseball America ranks Osuna as the 26th-best prospect in the Pirates' system and describes him as a good defensive first baseman but a below-average corner outfielder, so this could hint that Jaso or even Josh Bell could be getting some time in the corners help replace Marte.
Photo courtesy of Charles LeClaire/USA Today Sports Images
Pirates Notes: Kang, Barbato
- The Pirates will use the newly-acquired Johnny Barbato as a multi-inning reliever at Triple-A "and go from there," MLB.com's Adam Berry tweets. The Yankees stretched Barbato out as a starter during the spring, so the Bucs seem to have some flexibility in using Barbato as a depth piece for either the rotation or bullpen depending on needs during the season.
The appeals hearing for Jung Ho Kang's DUI sentence has been set for May 25, Yonhap News' Jeeho Yoo reports (Twitter link). Kang received an eight-month sentence that was suspended for two years, which theoretically cleared the way for the infielder to return to the Pirates this season, though Kang has yet been unable to receive a visa to return to the United States. Between the May 25 date, any further visa hurdles and some necessary minor league time to get in playing form, it seems like Kang may not appear in a Pirates uniform until the second half of the season (if at all).
Pirates Acquire Johnny Barbato From Yankees
The Yankees announced that they've traded right-hander Johnny Barbato to the Pirates in exchange for a player to be named later or cash. Barbato was designated for assignment by the Yankees last week. THe Bucs entered the day with a pair of open spots on their 40-man roster, so a corresponding move isn't required. Pittsburgh announced that Barbato has been optioned to Triple-A Indianapolis.
[Related: Updated Pittsburgh Pirates Depth Chart]
The 24-year-old Barbato, originally acquired in the trade that sent right-hander Shawn Kelley to San Diego, struggled in his Major League debut with the Yanks last season, as he surrendered 11 runs in 13 innings of work. On the plus side, Barbato did post an impressive 15-to-5 K/BB ratio in that short time while averaging 94.6 mph on his fastball. Barbato's numbers in Triple-A last season were solid as well: a 2.61 ERA with 9.1 K/9, 4.3 BB/9 and a 46.3 percent ground-ball rate in 48 1/3 frames.
There's no immediate room in the Pittsburgh bullpen for Barbato, as manager Clint Hurdle's relief corps is fairly well set with Tony Watson (the current closer), Daniel Hudson, Felipe Rivero, Juan Nicasio, Antonio Bastardo, Trevor Williams and long man Wade LeBlanc providing a nice blend of both left- and right-handed options. Bastardo has gotten off to a rough start, but his $6.5MM salary probably gives him a bit of a leash to right the ship. For now, Barbato will join relievers such as A.J. Schugel and Pat Light on a Triple-A pitching staff that is fairly well stocked with depth options for the big league pitching staff (both in the bullpen and in the rotation).
Pirates Trying To Help Jung Ho Kang Prepare
- Pirates third baseman Jung Ho Kang remains stuck in South Korea after his third DUI conviction resulted in his being unable to get a visa. The Bucs are hoping to get him back, but making other plans until he does, MLB.com's Phil Rogers writes. The Pirates are hoping to send Kang a special hitting machine that delivers hard fastballs along with MLB-style breaking pitches. "We're trying to get him a machine with velocity and spin, to help," says Pirates manager Clint Hurdle. "He's been more working indoors, doing everything he can to prepare. But in here, we're moving on until he's back." David Freese has performed well at third in Kang's absence, batting .344/.482/.594 thus far.
Pirates Not Considering Demoting Tyler Glasnow
Although towering right-hander Tyler Glasnow has gotten off to a slow start this year, the Pirates aren't considering demoting the starter to Triple-A, writes Rob Biertempfel of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. While Clint Hurdle told Biertempfel that Glasnow must earn the right to stay in the majors, the manager is "a firm believer, as I believe everybody else is, that the greatest opportunity for growth is for him to pitch at this level and meet the challenges of the game at this level — and to understand the consequences of not being able to do the things you need to do at this level. You feel a lot more here than you do at Triple-A. There are games in the minors that nobody knows about. You don't care. Up here, there's a different care." Glasnow had control problems in the minors last season, but the star prospect nevertheless dominated at Triple-A. The majors have been less forgiving for the 23-year-old, whose control issues haven't dissipated since he debuted last season. So far this year, Glasnow has allowed nine earned runs on 10 hits and seven walks in 6 2/3 innings (two starts).
A few more notes from the National League…
- Cardinals brass spent the offseason preaching defense, but Jose de Jesus Ortiz of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wonders where the improvements are. The Redbirds rank among the majors' bottom five in both errors (10) and Defensive Runs Saved (minus-14), and, in Ortiz's estimation, have relied far too heavily on Matt Adams in left field (FanGraphs' Dave Cameron echoed a similar sentiment Friday). Adams slimmed down during the winter, but he still entered the season as a first baseman with no outfield experience, which has been obvious to those who have watched the Cardinals in the early going.
- The Diamondbacks' usage of fledgling super-reliever Archie Bradley has been suboptimal thus far, Nick Piecoro of the Arizona Republic suggests. Bradley has been stellar out of the bullpen, having thrown 6 2/3 shutout innings and struck out 10 (against four hits and two walks), yet the Diamondbacks were on the wrong end of blowouts in two of his three appearances, as Piecoro points out. Manager Torey Lovullo has left open the possibility of Bradley becoming more of a high-leverage reliever, which makes sense for a team whose bullpen hasn't been great. "We may change the inning based on what he's doing," Lovullo said. "We're very well aware of what you're saying. We know he's had some quality outings and we want that to continue. It's just going to be in any format possible to help us win a moment."
- Nationals shortstop Trea Turner, on the shelf since suffering a hamstring injury April 8, doesn't expect his stay on the disabled list to last beyond the 10-day mark, per Jamal Collier of MLB.com. Turner could return as early as Wednesday, though that will depend on how he fares while testing out his hamstring before then. The speedster showed progress when he ran sprints, took batting practice and fielded grounders prior to the Nats' game against the Phillies on Sunday. He's one of two Washington shortstops dealing with hamstring injuries – Stephen Drew is the other – which has left the position in the hands of Wilmer Difo.
Huntington On Opening Day Payroll
- After finishing the 2016 season with a $99.9MM payroll, the Pirates opened 2017 with a payroll of about $91.5MM, per the Associated Press, and Bill Brink of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette spoke to GM Neal Huntington about the change. "It's a product of how we chose to allocate the dollars," says Huntington. "With Jung Ho Kang's money, our thought is at some point in time we'll be responsible for the dollars once he's able to get here and return to the major league level." Huntington also notes that the team made a late decision to move on from Jared Hughes, who would've otherwise accounted for another $2.8MM on the payroll. Instead, as Brink notes, the Buccos are on the hook for about $740K of that would-be salary. And, Brink points out, the payroll will organically increase over the course of the season, as additional players are brought up to the MLB level.
Central Notes: Martinez, Reds, Hughes, Thames
Tigers right fielder J.D. Martinez was able to take BP yesterday, manager Brad Ausmus tells Evan Woodberry of MLive.com (via Twitter). That puts the slugger a bit ahead of schedule in his rehab timeline from a lisfranc sprain in his right foot. The expectation had been that Martinez would not resume baseball activities until mid-April. Detroit is obviously hoping to get Martinez back quickly, while also balancing the need to ensure he doesn't suffer a setback along the way.
Here's more from the central divisions:
- Reds skipper Bryan Price is backing up the organization's promise to utilize unconventional bullpen tactics, as C. Trent Rosecrans of the Cincinnati Enquirer writes. Yesterday, top setup man (and occasional closer option) Michael Lorenzen entered with the bases loaded in the third, putting out that fire and staying in to record three scoreless frames. (That's not all; Lorenzen will also factor as a pinch-hitter.) Top baseball ops man Dick Williams has preached outside-the-box thinking for the rebuilding organization, with flexible, multi-inning relief outings representing one point of apparent focus. Top closer option Raisel Iglesias is also slated to continue throwing more than one frame from the pen at times, as he did on 17 occasions last year.
- New Brewers reliever Jared Hughes discussed his transition from the NL Central-rival Pirates with Todd Rosiak of the Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel. He wasn't surprised when he was cut loose by Pittsburgh, the only organization he had known to this point. "They told me early in spring that if it wasn't going to be a great spring that they might need to part ways," said Hughes. He noted, though, that struggling in camp is mostly a byproduct of his big frame. "I've got long levers," said Hughes. "I need to get the timing of my sinker. … My sinker was not sinking the way it should have been. By the end of spring I was getting groundball outs. I'd imagine the Brewers saw it, and that's what I'm doing now in the season." Indeed, Hughes has generated eight grounders in 4 1/3 scoreless innings, though he has also issued four walks against just one strikeout thus far.
- Another new Brewers player, first baseman/outfielder Eric Thames, took a much more circuitous route to Milwaukee. MLB.com's Adam McCalvy details how he landed with the Brewers, identifying the statistical and scouting analysis — as well as the "old-school sit-down" — that led to the three-year, $16MM pact. Thames, who is back in the majors for the first time since 2012, is off to a fine start. He owns a .333/.429/.611 slash through 21 plate appearances, though that comes with the usual sample caveats. Thamas has also gone down on strikes eight times against three walks and has hit safely on over half the balls he put in play.


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Powerlines hamper helicopter rescue
Three people, including a 20-month-old child, had to be rescued by police after their boat ran aground near the Avondale river mouth over the weekend.
The Auckland Westpac Rescue Helicopter was called to their aid by police at 11.26am on Sunday but was unable to winch them out of the mud due to overhanging wires, a rescue helicopter spokeswoman said.
After locating the boat, she said rescue helicopter crew members spoke with those on-board the small launch to see what provisions they had to "ensure their safety".
The spokeswoman said because of the "power lines and soft landing surface" the helicopter called in police maritime staff who successfully rescued them.
Auckland Now


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Usually it's the shy kitties who hang out in the rafters here at Best Friends. But that's not Lincoln. Sure, he likes the bird's-eye view. But when familiar friends call his name, he'll come running!
If you're meeting him for the first time, he'll want to give you a good sniffing first, but then he'll let you know he's ready for loving by rubbing against you. So endearing!
This sweet, handsome tabby was picked up as a stray in Beverly Hills. The local shelter didn't have space for him. But luck was on his side because he ended up at Best Friends! Besides some roughed-up ears and a half-sized tail, Lincoln is perfectly healthy. Born in 2009, he's still a youngster, and he shows it whenever you put a catnip toy in front of him. He's good with other cats, but also values his independence.
Lincoln is hoping for more luck when you see him. Going home with you would make him the luckiest cat ever!


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text: 44 A SEARCH IN SECRET EGYPT Was it then reared, this Egyptian skyscraper, merely to hold one Pharaoh's mummified flesh, as our handbooks tell us and as black-robed Arab dragomans tell their tourist clients? Was such vast bulk cut out of the limestone quarries of nearby Tourah and sawn out of the granite quarries of far-off Syene, merely to hide a single linen-wrapped corpse? Were over eighty million cubic feet of stone laboriously dragged and worked under a burning African sun to satisfy the caprice of a single king ? Were two million, three hundred thousand blocks, each weighing about two and a half tons, carefully cemented together to cover what a few blocks could have covered just as well ? And, finally, was Josephus, the Hebrew historian, right when he declared the Pyramids to be "vast and vain monuments" ? From what we know of the power of the Pharaohs and the after-death beliefs of the Egyptians, such a thing is quite possible, although it is not quite probable. No coffin, no body, no funerary appurtenances have ever been found inside the Great Pyramid, so far as careful historians know: although there is a tradition that one of the Caliphs used to keep a decorated wooden mummy-case standing outside a palace door and that this case had been brought out of the Pyramid, No lengthy hieroglyphic inscriptions, no chiselled bas-reliefs or painted representations of the life of the deceased appear upon any of the inner walls of the Pyramid, as they do upon the walls of every other early burial vault in Egypt. The interior structure is plain, devoid of the embellishment which the Pharaohs loved to lavish upon their tombs, free from the ornamentation which one might reasonably expect to find were this one of ancient Egypt's most important tombs. Perhaps the point which is regarded as most conclusive evidence that here was the tomb of a pagan monarch, is the empty, coverless, red-granite box which lies on the floor of the King's Chamber. This, obviously, was the sarcophagus of the king, says your Egyptologist; who thereafter regards the matter as settled. But why do not the sides of this sarcophagus carry the usual conventional texts and religious representations? Why do they not bear a single word or a single hieroglyphic inscription of any kind? All other sarcophagi usually carry some written or pictured memorial of their use; why not this one, if it was dedicated to one of Egypt's most celebrated kings?


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Summary: 12.15 Drabble. Dean and his thoughts on Sam's secret (with bonus Dean using Sam's 'Fancy Shampoo' Drabble)
Rating: PG13
Genre/Spoilers: Gen. Spoilers for Season 12.
Warnings: Unbeta'd
Word Count: 100 (+ a 100 word extra treat drabble)
Disclaimer: I don't own Supernatural that privilege belongs to CW, Kripke and Co, I'm simply borrowing them for a while. I'm not making a profit, this is just for fun and all the standard disclaimers apply.
He's pissed. He hates lies and secrets and Sam knows that, was sat quietly right next to him after he yelled at Mom for doing the same damn thing.
But just because it's not 'the side' Dean would have picked, he can see Sam's reasoning. Mostly.
But these guys with their gadgets? They're not right, and Dean can feel it deep in his gut where it matters. Something's off, and he's not going to trust them with his family.
So yeah, he'll work with them, but what it is that they say? Keep your friends close, and your enemies closer.
Bonus Dean Using Sam's 'Fancy Shampoo' Drabble - Yet to be titled...
Blood-red water rivers down his body and into the drain, taking bits of siren and ghoul with it.
He picks up Sam's fancy-ass shampoo, some organic shit with rosemary that costs more than most of the motels they stay in, and purposely squeezes way too much onto the palm of his hand.
Damn, it smells good, and leaves the most luscious lather. Once the last of the bubbles have drained away, he goes back for a second helping; y'know, just to make sure he's squeaky-clean.
If he uses the conditioner that Sam also tried to hide, well, that's Dean's business!
A/N: A bit of a mixed bag this one. But we got a Negan reference which I loved, boys in glasses, the banter and teasing, some lovely brotherly moments, the green cooler, Crowley out-smarting Lucifer, and Sam's 'secret' is finally out and hasn't caused too much drama! But I did find that some of the angel and demon scenes were a little dry, but I think there was definitely more good than bad. I hope you enjoy the drabble, and the bonus shower drabble which was spawned by caranfindel's initial reaction. Oh and I'm sure there's a witty title for that ('Lather, Rinse, Repeat'?), so let me know if you have any suggestions. Thank you for stopping by and take care :)