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Breastfeeding Questions
If you would like to submit your own question to be answered click here. For more information on breastfeeding, please visit GBMC's Lactation Services.
General Questions
I would like to know what can I do to adequately prepare for breastfeeding. I am 27 weeks and a little concerned because with my first child I was told I had inverted nipples which made it difficult for her to latch on and she would not feed for a consistent period of time. I tried to breastfeed for a week and a half but eventually went straight to using the breast pump for 6 weeks because after 3 days she became dehydrated and had to go back in the hospital for 3 days. I tried different techniques but she was so impatient and would not latch on. I decided to just use the pump but my milk supply decreased more and more and my nipples started cracking, hurting and peeling as the weeks went by so I switched to just formula. Is it possible I will not have the same problem again because I would like to breastfeed for as long as possible? Is there anything I can do to be proactive?
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
It is great that you are being so proactive this time. Unfortunately, there is not too much you can before your baby is born. READ, READ, READ. Know that breastfeeding takes time, patience, practice and work to establish effectively. When you are in the hospital ask for all the help you can get.
If you need to pump know that one must pump 8-10 times in 24 hours in the beginning to build up a good milk supply. (You know supply and demand. If you do not use it you will lose it.) Make sure that you are using a hospital grade pump (most efficient) and that the flange fits correctly. Most breast pumps come with a set of breast pump flanges. The breast pump flange is typically a 24-27 mm size breast pump flange, which are average sizes. Not all women fit into these sizes. Most companies sell various size flanges. To tell if you have the correct breast pump flanges:
- Your nipple should move freely in the tunnel of the breast pump.
- Your areola should have little or no tissue inside the tunnel of the breast pump.
- You should not be able to feel areas of the breast that still have milk inside. (Uneven removal of milk.)
- You should not experience pain in your nipple.
- You should not see a white circle at the base of the nipple, nor should your nipple blanche.
If you don't have the right size, you will want to see if your breast pump came with other flanges or if you will need to order flanges. Not having the right size breast pump flange can result in problems. One problem is that you will not be getting the most amount of breast milk possible. The other potential problem is actually causing nipple damage like rub marks and cuts on the nipple.
You might want to do Revers Pressure Softening to help soften the tissue around nipple making it easier for baby to grasp.
Reverse Pressure Softening
K. Jean Cotterman RNC, IBCLC (email@example.com)
What is it?
Reverse pressure softening is a new way to soften the circle around your nipple (the a-re-o-la) to make latching and getting your milk out easy while your baby and you are learning. Latching shouldn't be painful. If your areola is soft enough to change shape while feeding, it helps your baby gently extend your nipple deep inside his mouth, so his tongue and jaws can press on milk ducts under the areola. (These motions differ from those that artificial nipples force a baby to use.)
This new method is not the same as removing milk with your fingers. Don't expect milk to come from your nipple while you soften your areola this way. (But it's OK if some milk does come out.)
When is it helpful?
Try reverse pressure softening in the early days after birth if you begin to notice firmness of the areola, latch pain or breast fullness. (This full feeling is only partly due to milk. Delayed or skipped feedings may also cause the tissue around your milk ducts to hold extra fluid much like a sponge does. This fluid never goes to your baby.) Intravenous (IV) fluids, or drugs such as pitocin may cause even more retained tissue fluid, which often takes 7-14 days to go away. Avoid long pumping sessions and high vacuum settings on breast pumps to prevent extra swelling of the areola itself.
Feel your areola and the tissue deeper inside it. Is it soft and easy to squeeze, like your earlobe or your lip? Or does it feel firmer and harder to compress, like your chin? if so, it's time to try reverse pressure softening just before each time you offer your baby your breast. (Some mothers soften their areola before feeding, for a week or longer, till swelling goes down, baby can be heard swallowing milk regularly, and latching is always painfree without softening first.)
Why does it work?
Reverse pressure softening briefly moves some swelling backward and upward into your breast to soften your areola so it can change shape and extend your nipple. It sends a special signal to the back of your breasts to start moving milk forward (let-down reflex) where your baby's tongue can reach it. It also makes it easy to remove milk with your fingertips or with short periods of slow gentle pumping, combined with gentle forward massage of the upper breast, if you need to remove milk for your baby.
Where should I press?
It is most important to soften the areola in the whole one-inch area all around where it joins your nipple. Soften even more of the areola if you wish. You may also want to soften a place where your baby's chin will be able to move easily against the breast. Reverse pressure softening should cause no discomfort.
How do I do Reverse Pressure Softening?
K. Jean Cotterman RNC, IBCLC (email@example.com)
Illustrations by Kyle Cotterman, Dayton, Ohio
- You (or your helper, from in front, or behind you) choose one of the patterns pictured.
- Place the fingers/thumbs on the circle touching the nipple.
- (If swelling is very firm, lie down on your back, and/or ask someone to help by pressing his or her fingers on top of your fingers.)
- Push gently but firmly straight inward toward your ribs.
- Hold the pressure steady for a period of 1 to 3 full minutes.
- Relax, breathe easy, sing a lullaby, listen to a favorite song or have someone else watch a clock or set a timer. To see your areola better, try using a hand mirror.
- It's OK to repeat the inward pressure again as often as you need. Deep "dimples" may form, lasting long enough for easy latching. Keep testing how soft your areola feels.
- You may also press with a soft ring made by cutting off half of an artificial nipple.
- Offer your baby your breast promptly while the circle is soft.
One handed "flower hold."
Two handed, one-step method.
(You may ask
Two step method, two hands,
Two step method, two hands,
Soft ring method.
© 2004 Lactation Education Consultants. May be reproduced for non-commercial purposes
I was wondering if I would receive a hand pump from the lactation specialist before I leave the hospital? I do know that they do give them out at certain hospitals.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
GBMC does not routinely issue breastpumps to patients. If there is a medical need for the use of a breastpump (ie: baby not feeding well, baby and mother separated, etc., we do give breast pumps. Here at GBMC we use the Ameda brand breast pumps. The "kit" we give out has the Ameda hand pump as well as all the pieces that connect to any Ameda electric pump.
Hope that this information is helpful. If there is anything else we can help you with please contact us again.
Hello. I was wondering how much the fee is for a one-on-one lactation consultation?
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
A consult is done by appointment only. It costs $80.00 for a hour consult. Please call if you have any questions/concerns.
I am 23 weeks pregnant with my second baby. In 1998 (age 17), I had a breast reduction. My daughter was born in 2009, and I was somewhat able to breastfeed, although I had to supplement with formula because I never made enough milk. From birth (when they did her Apgar), she had a poor sucking reflex. At a visit with a LC when my daughter was nearly four weeks old, she pulled less than 1/2 ounce of milk in 20 minutes of nursing (based on the weigh-feed-weigh technique). By that point, my milk supply had dropped so much from her lack of pulling milk that I was never able to get it back up even with other interventions (pumping, Fenugreek, Reglan). Of course, it's impossible to tell how much of the issue was due to my daughter's poor suck and how much was due to the breast reduction. I very much want to nurse my second baby and wonder if there is anything I can be doing during the last trimester to better prepare my body for breastfeeding. Also, I wonder if you have any suggestions as to how I can avoid the same difficulties I experienced last time, leading to a drop in supply that could not be fixed by the time it was caught (e.g. pumping after each feeding from birth to increase supply, getting a scale at home to do weigh-feed-weigh to be sure the baby is eating, etc.). Thank you for your help.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
It is great that you are being so proactive. The good news is that with each time we are pregnant our bodies lay down "ductal work." So maybe with a very interested and cooperative baby you will be able to make plenty of milk. We can start you pumping as soon as you are up to it.
The main thing I strongly encourage is a lot of skin to skin with you and your baby. Even if he/she is not latching right away try to hand express colostrum.
Keep in touch.
First Week
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
You are correct. For the most part there are no food restrictions with breastfeeding. If you or the baby's father have any food allergies or food sensitivities those are good thing to avoid. It is also to eat foods in moderation. Many physicians recommend avoiding seafood while pregnant it is not necessary while breastfeeding; only eat it in moderation. (In other words do not eat seafood 3 times a day 7 days a week.)
First Month
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
What to do depends on what you would like to ultimately accomplish and how much energy you have. The first thing is when you say she only gained 3 ounces in 15 days do you mean from her birth weight or from what she had lost initially? As far as pumping not going well, what is not going well? How much you are getting? How often, how long, and what type of pump are you using?
Please call (443-849-3428) and/or write back.
Return to Work
I just had my baby on January 17th and breastfeeding has been going very well. I will be returning to work in early March and plan to pump in order to feed her during the day. At what point should I start pumping and introduce her to bottles to ensure a smooth transition?
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
You can start pumping at any point. Some women find that it works best to pump after first 1-2 feedings. (For a lot of women that is when we make the most milk.) I generally suggest that one double pumps even when the person usually only feeds her baby on one side. When offering a bottle try Paced Bottle feeding. Hold the bottle parallel to the floor so that the milk does not flow too quickly.) Have the baby open his mouth wide and place bottle teat deep in his mouth so that he does not eat his way onto the nipple. This appears to be a healthier way to bottle feed. Your baby will not guzzle, gulp or be inclined to over eat. Do not hesitate to call (443-849-3428) or write back. Good Luck.
Dear Marla, good morning. This is me again :) everything is going great with my son and our nursing journey. He was born 12/7/2011. I am very thankful for the help you and your team have provided. I am very confident about everything now and I am enjoying without worrying.
I am writing today to ask for advice on pumping and returning to work and about length of time for each feeding.
1. He takes both breasts during feedings, very rarely accepts just one. So far I am able to pump 2-3 oz from a full breast, I pump when he does not take the breast, sometimes I also pump at the end of a session (I get about an ounce altogether). He nurses every 2 to 3 hours. I often find myself feeding him for a full hour. I don't want to cut him off too soon, but I wonder if he is done around 20 minutes on each breast. What should I do to make the feedings more efficient for him and for me? Can I stop him at 20 minutes if he had strong sucking and slows down? I want to start leaving the house and I found myself "stuck" for a long time feeding him... I hope to nurse him if I am with him, and only use the bottle if he is in daycare. I also want to mention he is taking prevacid for acid reflux.
2. Pumping. I am returning to work on Feb 6, just about a month from now. At what times of the day do I pump? What should be my strategy considering his eating habits. I am also expecting growth spurts coming up soon. Until I return to work I am building on my stored milk supply. How should I pump and store once I am at work? I have heard of pumping every 3 hours or so, but what should I do with the milk, freeze or use next day? I am a little confused.
3. Night feedings: my husband suggested I pump and feed the baby at night, so I can rest more. What do you think? Will I have enough for day care and night feedings?
Thank you so much!
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
I am happy to hear that breastfeeding is going well for you and your little guy. Now to try to answer your questions.
When your baby starts with the slow, sleepy sucks, try taking him off and see if he is satisfied. If he is definitely end the feeding. You could also try breast compression to see if that will get him sucking more energetically. (Breast compression taken from Jack Newman, MD)
1. Hold the breast, cupping the breast from underneath with your thumb on one side of the breast and your fingers on the other.
2. Watch for the baby's swallowing. The milk flows more rapidly when baby is drinking with an open-pause-close type of suck. Open-pause-close is one suck; the pause is not a pause between sucks, but of milk flowing into his mouth before a swallow. You may notice the same pause yourself when fluid flows in as you drink deeply and continuously. If using compressions while pumping, watch for sprays of milk.
3. When baby is nibbling or no longer drinking with the open-pause-close type of suck, compress the breast gently but firmly (not so hard that it hurts) and try not to change the shape of the areola (the part of the breast near the baby's mouth). With the compression, baby should start drinking again briefly with the open-pause-close type of suck.
4. Keep the pressure up until the baby no longer drinks even with the compression, then release the pressure. Often the baby will stop sucking altogether when the pressure is released, but will start again shortly as milk starts to flow. If the baby does not stop sucking with the release of pressure, wait a short time before compressing again.
5. Releasing the pressure allows your hand to rest and milk to start flowing to the baby again. If the baby stops sucking when you release the pressure, he will start again when he starts to taste milk.
6. When the baby starts sucking again, he may drink (open-pause-close). If not, rotate your hand position and compress again as above.
7. Continue on the first side until the baby does not drink even with compression. You should allow the baby to stay on that side for a short time longer, since you may occasionally get another milk ejection and the baby will start drinking again, on his own. If the baby no longer drinks, however, allow him to come off or take him off the breast.
8. If the baby wants more, offer the other side and repeat the process.
9. You may wish to switch sides back and forth in this way a few times.
If you find a way that works better at keeping the baby sucking with an open-pause-close type of suck, use whatever works best for you and your baby. As long as it does not hurt your breast to compress, and as long as the baby is "drinking" (open-pause-close type of suck), breast compression is working. (2) If you don't find compressions helpful, try them again a few days or a week later. Techniques that aren't helpful at one stage of your production-building efforts may be helpful at another.
As far as pumping, make sure that you are using a good pump that works well for you. If the pump is not working effectively think about a different pump. I usually suggest that mother's try pumping (double gives the most in the least time, usually) after the first one or two feedings of the day. Pump for 10-15 minutes. Initially you might not get very much milk but gradually the amount you get should increase.
(Please if there is anything that you do not understand call or write so that I can clarify it).
As far as your last question "pump and feed the baby at night, so I can rest more" I am not sure how well this really works. First off will you really sleep longer. Secondly, that might mean more stress trying to pump to get enough milk for night feedings. Third, as far as milk production, it would not be such a good idea to go such a long stretch without breast stimulation. How about a compromise: let dad change his diaper and bring the baby to you. Then all you would have to do is feed and dad can put him back in his crib.
Hope that this helps.
Storage of Human Milk
I breastfeed only for 8 weeks 2 days, but stopped due to new necessary medication. After baby being exclusively on formula for 3+ wks, I was wondering if it would be ok to mix formula & breastmilk for a few feedings? I have about 15 oz. breastmilk remaining in freezer. It's healthy and I would love to feed to her. Is this advised? many thanks.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
It is fine to mix breastmilk with formula. I would probably encourage you not to mix them together, but first feed the human milk and then feed the amount of formula that is needed. The rational is why chance wasting your milk that you worked hard to produce
Breast Pumps
My sister is going to be a first time mom delivering at GBMC and my mom wants to get her the "cadillac" of breast pumps, whatever that may be. We heard the best way to get a pump is through a lactation consultant, so I was wondering which pump(s) you recommend and the most economical way of getting one (we know they are not inexpensive). Thank you.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
The two pumps that we usually recommend to purchase are the Ameda Purely Yours or the Medela Pump in Style. Please note that if the baby is born early (premature) or if having breast feeding problems we strongly encourage the use of a hospital grade pump-NOT a purchasable pump. Do not hesitate to call or write with any other questions.
Is it ok to breastfeed on lamitcal? My neurologist states yes but want to make sure before purchasing pump.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
Lamictal appears to be fine to take if the dose is below 500 mg per day . Study show that generally these baby's do not show side effects. (Information obtained from Medications and Mother's Milk by Thomas Hale, LactMed (NIH) website and Lactation Study Line.
Hope that this information helps. Please do not hesitate to call or write back.
Paced Bottle Feeding
Hi-I am exclusively breastfeeding my baby girl- born 8/4/10 and work full time. I am having a really hard time keeping up with her intake. I have had to use frozen milk just so she has enough to drink while at daycare. I only have 3 bags of frozen milk left. I pump 3 times while I am away from her (which is pretty hard to fit in while working but I was hoping when I added the 3rd time it would really help but it hasn't)and I only get 3 4-5oz bottles. She is drinking 4 4-5oz bottles while at daycare. I really really want to keep breastfeeding and would like to do so with out supplementing. What can I do to keep up with her? I also pump after she goes to bed but by that time usually only get about a total of 2oz. She is still waking up 2-3 times a night for a "snack" so its not like I am overflowing in the AM. I feed her one last time before she goes to daycare at 540 AM and then I pump at 730 AM; 11ish and 2ish. Then by the time I get home I breastfeed her. Should I try some of the herbal remedies to increase my milk supply? I do drink close to 64oz of water a day- 44oz at work and then the rest at home. Thank you for your help!
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
It sounds like you are doing a fantastic job. The volume you are pumping is amazing! I think that your little one is a consuming a lot right now. One easy thing to try is having your day car provider feed using pace bottle feeding, so that your baby does not guzzle the milk down too quickly. I would not encourage you to drink any more unless your urine is concentrated or you are thirsty. Try to continue with the 3 pumpings at work and the extra pumping in the evening. Two other pumping suggestions are power pumping and pumping after the first 1 or 2 nursings on the days your home. You probably will not get a lot of milk at those times, but the milk will probably be high fat quantity. Power pumping is pumping for 10 minutes, off for 5 minutes, then pump for 10, etc. for an hour. Hope that this helps. You can definitely try one of the herbal remedies. If you have any questions about them do write back or call.
Too Much Milk
I have an over supply of breast milk more than our 12 week old can consume at her current demand rate. I kept on freezing, and already have enough to last for two months for my baby. My plan is to breast feed her for one year. I hope her demand of milk increases and at some point I have to freeze less everyday. In the mean time do you know if there is a milk bank in Baltimore where breast milk could be shared for the needy newborns? Thank You.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
Currently there is no Human Milk Bank in Maryland.
Below is a list of some Milk Banks in the United States. I have had good and helpful response from the Milk Bank in Ohio.
NEW ENGLAND Mothers' Milk Bank of New England (developing) PO Box 600091 Newtonville, MA 02460 firstname.lastname@example.com www.milkbankne.org
NORTH CAROLINA WakeMed Mothers' Milk Bank and Lactation Center 3000 New Bern Ave Raleigh, NC 27610 Phone (919) 350-8599 FAX (919) 350-8923 firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.wakemed.com/body.cfm?id=135
OHIO Mothers' Milk Bank of Ohio Grant Medical Center @ Victorian Village Health Center 1087 Dennison Avenue Columbus, OH 43201 Phone (614) 544-0810 FAX (614) 544-0812 email@example.com
All donors to Human Milk Bank Association of North America member milk banks undergo a screening process that begins with a short interview over the telephone. Donor mothers are women who are currently lactating and have surplus milk. Donor mothers must be:
In good general health
Willing to undergo a blood test (at the milk bank's expense)
Not regularly using medication or herbal supplements (with the exception of progestin-only birth control pills or injections, Synthroid, insulin, pre-natal vitamins; for other exceptions, please contact a milk bank for more information)
Willing to donate at least 100 ounces of milk; some banks have a higher minimum
A woman would not be a suitable donor if:
* She has a positive blood test result for HIV, HTLV, hepatitis B or C, or syphilis
* She or her sexual partner is at risk for HIV
* She uses illegal drugs
* She smokes or uses tobacco products
* She has received an organ or tissue transplant or a blood transfusion in the last 12 months
* She regularly has more than two ounces or more of alcohol per day
* She has been in the United Kingdom for more than 3 months or in Europe for more than 5 years since 1980
* She was born in or has traveled to Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Niger, or Nigeria
If you would like any additional information please do not hesitate to call. Good luck.
Not Enough Milk
My baby is 6 months and I have been breastfeeding since birth. I recently went on a four day vacation without my baby. At this time my breast became engorged and I squeezed out some milk for relief. By the fourth day my breast went down, but now that I am home and trying to breastfeed, I can not produce any milk. I normally produce 4 to 8 oz at a time and now I'm barely getting out one milliliter. Can you offer any suggestions? I would like to continue breastfeeding.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
I would encourage you to keep breastfeeding frequently and pump for about 10-15 minutes every 3 hours, even if nothing comes out. With frequent, effective stimulation the volume should increase. If this does not help ,please, call or write back for additional tips for increasing milk supply. Good luck.
Nipple Care
I think I have inverted nipples. My baby is due Aug 8th. Is there anyway to set up an evaluation before then so an expert can examine them and help me prepare to breastfeed if I do have inverted nipples?
Thank you!
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
We could definitely meet with you and check your nipples, but there is little to no point. Babies are suppose to breastfeed, not nipple feed. Read and learn about breastfeeding. Do NOT worry about it. And once your munchkin is born feed early and feed often. If you have any more questions or feel that you need more information do not hesitate to write back and/or call 443-849-3428.
My daughter is 5 weeks old now and I've been breastfeeding her. My nipples are cracked at the base. I have forgotten to use the Lanolin cream a few times. I try to make sure it is next to me when I breastfeed her so that I can put it on right after she's done eating. My nipples are not dry, but the cracks are still there and don't seem to be healing. It is very painful when she first latches on. I try to push my nipple in as far as I can while trying to open her mouth wider, but sometimes it just doesn't work and it's painful. Is there anything I can do to help the cracks heal? I sometimes pump while she eats from a bottle of milk I've already pumped because it's so painful. Also, I sometimes have pain throughout my breast while she's eating. The pain runs in a straight line, like it's a duct that is giving me pain. It doesn't happen at every feeding though. What can cause this?
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
I would not worry so much about using lanolin. Since the base is already cracked I would consider rinsing with clear water after each pumping or nursing, pat dry and apply an antibiotic ointment such as bactroban or polysporin (per Dr. Thomas Hale).
Click here for a terrific description of achieving a good latch and positioning. A poor latch and/or positioning is usually the cause of sore nipples. The web site for this hand out is Education Resources http://www.lactationtraining.com/.
The other thing that I would have you check is that the flange from the pump you are using fits correctly.
When a breast flange fits correctly there is space around the nipple during pumping, which gives greater comfort and milk flow.
The nipple rubs against the sides of the breast flange during pumping, which squeezes the milk ducts and decreases milk flow. This rubbing can also cause skin trauma and pain.
The pain throughout breast can also be the result of poor latch/positioning. Please do not hesitate to write/call (443-849-3428) and/or set up a consult.
Good luck.
I have been breastfeeding my son since he was born 19 weeks ago. My right breast has always produced more than my left one but lately it's been really bad. My right will produce 8 ounces and my left will only put out around 1-2 ounces. Also my right breast always stays engorged. I can feed my son and even pump and it will never come close to empty. And within the hour I'm engorged again and I leak all the time. I can't go without doubling up my breast pads any where at anytime. My breasts now are really different sizes. It's very noticeable no matter what I wear. My right size is like an e and my left is a big c. It's just become really frustrating and embarrassing to go anywhere because of it. I've tired to only feeding on my small side but it hasn't helped and I can't go long without relieving right one. I was wondering if you could tell me if I could wrap my right one for a few days and drink sage tea would it help me decrease my supply to even out my breast or would that dry up my supply? And if that would work how would you recommend I wrap myself and should I relieve myself at all during the time. I'm looking forward to hearing back from you. Thank you for your time.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
This is a little tricky to solve. It is GREAT how you have managed until now. Taking sage will decrease milk on both sides so I do not think that it would be the best choice. How often is your baby breastfeeding or you pumping ? You could try breastfeeding 2 out of 3 times on your lower producing side and the 3rd time on your super producer. The times you are breastfeeding on left only express off your right enough to keep you comfortable (and store that milk). Before you nurse on the right (every third breastfeeding) express until you are MUCH softer and then put baby on that side.
Do not hesitate to call back or write.
My son will be a week old tomorrow and we are breastfeeding. I became engorged on Saturday. I think my milk is fully in now however my breasts do not feel hard anymore. Are they supposed to feel hard before I feed him again? My friends have told me to feed till one of my breasts feel empty. I don't really feel a big difference. I did, but now they just feel pretty much the same. My baby is getting milk, when he lets go there is milk in his mouth, but I just don't know if I am doing this right or if there is a problem with my milk supply.
Marla Newmark, IBCLC, RN, BSN writes...
Generally speaking after the very beginning a mother only gets that full feeling only if she skips a feeding or her baby does not do a good job of draining the breast. If your munchkin appears content after a feeding, is having plenty of wet and soiled diapers and is gaining weight life is GREAT in the breastfeeding world. It sounds like you and your baby are doing very well. Marla 443-849-3428


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Differential Effects of Various Anesthetic Agents on Cognitive Function in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
The recruitment status of this study is unknown. The completion date has passed and the status has not been verified in more than two years.
Verified February 2014 by Zhongcong Xie, Massachusetts General Hospital.
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
Massachusetts General Hospital
Alzheimer's Association
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Zhongcong Xie, Massachusetts General Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: June 3, 2013
Last updated: February 6, 2014
Last verified: February 2014
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Detailed Description:
The objective of the study is to determine the effects of different anesthetic agents on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The investigators will test the hypothesis that anesthesia with desflurane or propofol, compared to isoflurane or sevoflurane, will have less of an effect on post-operative cognitive dysfunction in patients with AD.
|Alzheimer Disease
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|Differential Effects of Various Anesthetic Agents on Cognitive Function in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Resource links provided by NLM:
Genetics Home Reference related topics: Alzheimer disease
MedlinePlus related topics: Alzheimer's Disease AnesthesiaU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Zhongcong Xie, Massachusetts General Hospital:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Cognitive Function [ Time Frame: 1 week pre-operatively to 1 year post-operatively ]Cognitive function will be assessed using a battery of neuropsychological tests in the domains of attention and executive functions (Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Category Switching Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test), memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R, Brief Visual Memory Test-R), visuospatial functions (Benton Judgement of Line Orientation Test), and language (Category Fluency Test).
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|October 2013
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|April 2016
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|August 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Isoflurane Anesthesia
Recruited subjects that were anesthetized with isoflurane for their surgery.
Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Recruited subjects that were anesthetized with sevoflurane for their surgery.
Desflurane Anesthesia
Recruited subjects that were anesthetized with desflurane for their surgery.
Propofol Anesthesia
Recruited subjects that were anesthetized with propofol for their surgery.
Detailed Description:
Patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease who are scheduled to have elective noncardiac, nonneurologic, nonvascular surgery will be recruited at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). The study will first be introduced to patients at their preoperative surgical clinic appointment by his/her surgeon. If patients are interested in participating, they will notify their surgeons, and subsequent recruitment will take place at the MGH Pre-Admission Testing Area (PATA), a clinic for preoperative evaluation and medical optimization. Patient contact and recruitment, however, will only proceed with permission from (1) the patient him/herself and (2) the patient's surgeon. Per the Partners Human Research Committees-approved criteria, if patients do not have capacity for clinical-decision making but express a willingness to participate in the study, a surrogate (i.e. healthcare proxy and/or family member) co-signature will be required on the consent form. On the day of the subject's surgery, the anesthesia team will be allowed to choose one of four anesthetic options (i.e. propofol anesthesia, isoflurane anesthesia, sevoflurane anesthesia, or desflurane anesthesia) based on clinical preference and appropriateness. The research team will be blinded to the anesthetic to which subjects are assigned. Finally, patients will be followed for one year post-operatively with a battery of cognitive tests to determine differences in cognitive trajectory.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|Child, Adult, Senior
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
100 study participants with mild-to-moderate AD who are scheduled to have elective noncardiac, nonneurologic, nonvascular surgery will be recruited at MGH. Surgeons will first introduce the study to patients at their preoperative surgical clinic visit. If a patient expresses interest in the study, and with permission of the surgeon, the patient will then be contacted by study staff at his/her PATA preoperative evaluation and medical optimization clinic visit. Recruitment, screening, and enrollment will then occur at the patient's PATA clinic visit.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) per Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria.
- Patient recruitment permission granted by his/her surgeon
- Requires general anesthesia for elective noncardiac, nonneurologic, nonvascular surgery.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of neurologic or psychiatric disease (i.e. stroke, psychosis, etc.)
- Non-native English speaker
- Severe visual or auditory disorder
- Sensitivity to sulfites (some propofol formulations at MGH may contain sodium metasulfite).
- Asthma (sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in non-asthmatic people).
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01870453
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01870453
|Contact: Zhongcong Xie, MD, PhD
|Contact: Phillip E Vlisides, MD
|United States, Massachusetts
|Massachusetts General Hospital
|Not yet recruiting
|Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
|Contact: Zhongcong Xie, MD, PhD 617-724-9308 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Contact: Phillip E Vlisides, MD 617-726-3030 email@example.com
|Massachusetts General Hospital
|Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
|Contact: Zhongcong Xie, MD, PhD 617-724-9308 firstname.lastname@example.com
Sponsors and Collaborators
Massachusetts General Hospital
Alzheimer's Association
More Information
Keywords provided by Zhongcong Xie, Massachusetts General Hospital:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|Zhongcong Xie, Associate Professor of Anaesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01870453 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
HAT-12-237963 ( Other Grant/Funding Number: Alzheimer's Association )
|Study First Received:
|June 3, 2013
|Last Updated:
|February 6, 2014
Keywords provided by Zhongcong Xie, Massachusetts General Hospital:
Alzheimer Disease
Postoperative Care
Cognitive Reserve
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Alzheimer Disease
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurocognitive Disorders
Mental Disorders
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Anesthetics, General
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


text:
No need for Juan Manuel Marquez to impress the judges. No need for the referee to count to 10. Marquez took care of all of his business Saturday with a thunderous right hand that left Manny Pacquiao face first on the canvas.
Unable to win a decision in their first three fights, Marquez won the old-fashioned way with a huge right hand that put Pacquiao down for the second time in the fight at 2:59 of the sixth round in Las Vegas.
Referee Kenny Bayless never bothered to count as Marquez leapt into his handlers' arms in celebration and Pacquiao's wife broke into tears at ringside.
"I threw a perfect punch," Marquez said. "I knew Manny could knock me out at any time."
It was a stunning end to the fourth fight in the last eight years between the two. It could also be the end of the Filipino's career, though he said in the ring afterward he'd like to fight Marquez for a fifth time.
"If you give us a chance, we'll fight again," Pacquiao said. "I was just starting to feel confident and then I got careless."
Pacquiao was ahead 47-46 on all three scorecards after the fifth round.
He had been down in the third round but knocked Marquez down in the fifth, and the two were exchanging heavy blows in the sixth before Marquez threw a right hand that flattened Pacquiao.
"I thought I was getting him in the last couple of rounds, but I got hit by a strong punch. I never expected that punch," Pacquiao said before being taken to a hospital for a precautionary exam.
It was the second loss in a row for Pacquiao, who dropped a decision to Timothy Bradley in June.
Marquez improved to 55-6-1; Pacquiao fell to 54-5-2.
"We always worked on that punch," Marquez said. "We knew he was going to come out aggressive so we had a fight plan that was more technical. We were able to capitalize on it."


text:
Sykes Student Union, Room 003
West Chester, PA 19382
Phone: (610)-436-3273
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
M-F 8:00am - 4:30pm
The Lawrence A. Dowdy Multicultural Center, formally the Office of Multicultural Affairs (OMA) serves a vital purpose at West Chester University by providing programs, activities and services that contribute directly to the success of the multicultural students attending the University. Through interaction with students from pre-enrollment through post-graduation, the office supports achievement in the classroom, Co-Curricular activities, and professional endeavors.
Mission: To help provide and maintain a supportive environment that promotes the academic achievement and personal development of more than 1,800 African-American, Latino/a, Asian-American, and Native American Indian students at the University.


text:
Adherence to Hydroxyurea in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Medication non-adherence is a true public health problem. Despite advancements in the molecular understanding of disease and improvements in therapy, patient health outcomes will not improve unless patients take prescribed medications regularly. Decreasing the gap between efficacious and effective therapy for patients with SCD is an essential research agenda. Hydroxyurea has been shown to be safe and efficacious in children and infants. However, the effectiveness of the prophylaxis depends on adherence to the recommended regimen. Medication adherence in SCD has previously been found to be sub-optimal in patients taking penicillin, desferoxamine, and pain medication. Adherence to HU has been studied to some extent in children with SCD. Based on estimates of adherence in other chronic illness we expect approximately 50% of patients to be >80% adherent with their HU administration. There is no gold standard for improving adherence to treatment. There have been a few attempts in the SCD population to improve adherence. These include a day camp to promote education about desferoxamine and peer support, a combination of a slide-show about SCD and it complications, weekly phone calls by the clinic social worker and a calendar, and a seven-phase educational program. Given the striking improvements in the peripheral blood smear findings of patients with SCD on HU therapy, with reduction in the numbers of sickled cells, we hypothesize that viewing the peripheral blood smear of patients with poor adherence to HU compared to a blood smear of someone on HU can be used to improve adherence in non-adherent patients.
We will conduct a randomized trial between the intervention of regularly showing children and their parents the peripheral blood smear and standard care, including reminders of the importance of compliance and review of complete blood count parameters, including WBC, MCV, and Hgb concentration. The outcome measures will be increase in hemoglobin concentration and %HbF and increase in perceived QOL. QOL will be measured with age-appropriate and parent/proxy PedsQL™. Medication adherence will also be monitored throughout the study with pharmacy prescription refills, physician assessment, and self-report via a visual analogue scale. Adherence estimates, hemoglobin concentration, %HbF and QOL will be measured at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.
|Sickle Cell Anemia
|Behavioral: Blood smear education Other: standard education
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
|Official Title:
|Adherence to Hydroxyurea in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia
- treatment adherence [ Time Frame: six months ]
|Study Start Date:
|April 2008
|Study Completion Date:
|November 2012
|Primary Completion Date:
|November 2012 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Experimental: 1
Blood Smear Education
Behavioral: Blood smear education
education at baseline and three month follow-up
Active Comparator: 2
Standard education
Other: standard education
standard education
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|2 Years to 17 Years (Child)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Sickle cell anemia
- on Hydroxyurea for at least six months
- age 2-17.9 years
Exclusion Criteria:
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00672789
|United States, North Carolina
|Duke University Medical Center
|Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
|Principal Investigator:
|Courtney D Thornburg, MD, MS
|Duke University
|Responsible Party:
|Duke University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00672789 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|May 4, 2008
|Last Updated:
|May 24, 2013
Keywords provided by Duke University:
Sickle cell anemia
Treatment Adherence
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Hematologic Diseases
Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital
Anemia, Hemolytic
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Antineoplastic Agents
Antisickling Agents
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


text:
First Night Ocean County Returns to Seaside
After taking a Superstorm hiatus, Ocean County continues the tradition of its alcohol free, family friendly, 'First Night' festivities in Seaside Heights this year.
Danielle Gries of the Seaside Heights Business Improvement District (BID) said there will be great family entertainment in participating arcades rain or shine. "Which will include face painting, caricature portrait artist, balloonist, a great show by the Give and Take Jugglers and also a show from Jenkinson's Aquarium."
According to Gries, the BID has hosted 'Ocean County First Night' for about a decade but 'First Night' originated in Boston in 1975 as an alternative to rowdy, alcohol-fueled New Years Eve celebrations by featuring the arts, music, food, culture and comedy. The celebrations caught on Nationally with hundreds of events held nationally but those numbers are dwindling because of municipal budget constraints and a lack of volunteers, according to some New Jersey Mayors.
There are however, a handful of 'First Night' events still being held in New Jersey. Ocean City is hosting one of the largest, along with Morristown, Mount Holly, Haddonfield and even an overnight celebration on the Battleship New Jersey.
Gries said the reasons they keep hosting the event is because "they (families) love being here. You know it's a family tradition and even new families that come over, they want to make new family traditions and this is one of those events that allows that to happen," she explained.
Gries says $5 dollar bracelets are on sale now at the County Connection in the Ocean County Mall. Tickets can also be purchased at any of the participating arcades.
First Night starts at 12:00 noon on Tuesday, December 31st in the Casino Arcade, Coin Castle Arcade, Lucky Leo's Arcade, and Shake Shoppe Arcade. For a complete schedule of entertainment visit exit82.com or call 732-830-3700.


text: While many cruising yachts less than 40 feet in length are best-suited to overnight or weekend stays, Meridian's 341 Sedan has redefined the class by providing the comfortable accommodations and extra features you need for extended cruising. This cruisability incorporates accommodations for four in two spacious staterooms, a full-service galley with all the amenities and an airy salon with opening windows, panoramic views and entertainment center with 20-inch LCD television, AM/FM/CD/DVD system and both salon and bridge speakers. And, like the rest of the Meridian Yachts 2008 fleet, she also offers standard underwater exhaust and a variety of available Northstar navigation and communications systems. The 341 from Meridian redefines just how much cruising comfort you can design into a compact sedan.


text:
NAPERVILLE, Ill. OfficeMax announced the launch of its back-to-school marketing campaign for the 2010 season designed to capture the excitement and opportunity the new school year brings to parents, teachers and students.
The company's campaign includes television spots that will highlight a new back-to-school promotion each week and are supported by OfficeMax's official back-to-school website, the company reported. Designed to support parents and teachers with all their back-to-school supply needs, the website offers useful tools including a zip code search for weekly local promotions and recommended school supply lists for each grade level, according to the company.
OfficeMax said it also created a special back-to-school tab on its Facebook fan page that includes a "Can you make the grade?" quiz that allows viewers to test their grade school knowledge or give out kid-centric status stickers such as TMI, Cat Lady or The PA System to friends.
"Many families and educators approach this time of the year with mixed emotions ranging from excitement to anxiety as they try and get everything together by the first day of school," said Ryan Vero, EVP and chief merchandising officer for OfficeMax. "Our strategy is to celebrate the start of a new year and to dispel a common perception that once the deals and the inventory are gone, they are gone for the season. We have a wide assortment of products and competitive weekly local promotions throughout the back to school shopping season that parents and teachers can take advantage of when they are ready to shop."
OfficeMax also announced that it has partnered with Payless for a second year to offer shoppers the opportunity to get new shoes and back-to-school supplies with additional savings this summer. By visiting an OfficeMax or Payless retail location, shoppers will receive a coupon at checkout to use at the other respective retail store. From July 27 to Sept. 6, OfficeMax stores will print a coupon for $5 off a $25 purchase at Payless that will be valid until Sept. 27. Alternatively from July 25 to Sept. 11, Payless retail stores will print a coupon for $10 off a $30 purchase at OfficeMax, which will be valid until Sept. 18.


text:
Issue 37 POP Magazine
POP was conceived and launched from the offices of The Face magazine in the late-Nineties. From the first issue its voice and style was felt around the world, the bold and brave international fashion message leading the way for a legion of followers. POP magazine is for the generation(s) of genuinely chic women and men who understand that fashion is a wonderful prism through which so much of contemporary creativity and cultural change is refracted.
Please note: 4 different covers. Covers will be shipped randomlyPrice DKK 152,00
~EUR 20,00 Buy
- Literature 166
- Magazines 27
B.O.G. Limitless
Puma x Solebox
The Puma x Solebox "Champagne Pack" features this B.O.G. Limitless with a black engineered mesh upper, black leather cages, a white Ignite midsole and a "glow in the dark" outsole. By the way, the Puma x Solebox B.O.G. Limitless is inspired by the Dom Pérignon Luminous Edition bottle.
Specifications - Material: Synthetic textile upper. Textile lining. Rubber sole.mask
Blaze of Glory
Puma x Solebox
The Puma x Solebox "Champagne Pack" includes this Blaze Of Glory with an upper mix of premium nubuck leather and mesh, the proven Trinomic sole unit and an insole made of cork. The colorway is inspired by the Moët & Chandon Rosé Impérial bottle. Grey Puma logo embroidery on tongue. Two pairs of grey laces.
Specifications - Material: Textile upper. Synthetic textile lining. Rubber sole.mask
Eastpak x Raf Simons
Black backpack featuring overflap closure and adjustable closure underneath for largest compartment. Two adjustable strings with buttons for closure between overflap and bag. Front pocket with zipper closure. Adjustable shoulder straps. Two pockets inside, one open and one with zipper closure. EASTPAK X Raf Simons logo print on back. Comes with dust bag.
Specifications - Material: 100% polyamide. Buckle material: 100% metal. Measurements (one size) - Width: 26 cm. Length: 39,5 cm. Depth: 22,5 cm.mask
Super / Pigalle
A collaboration between Retrosuperfuture and Parisian brand Pigalle. The collaboration is exclusive and limited. The Super / Pigalle sunglasses is an interpretation of the clasically modern terrazzo silhouette. The sunglasses are crafted out of metal and features a unique and fresh coloring that reflects the pastel, colorful tones of Pigalle's collection. Colorful acetate finish on the temple tips and black lenses by ZEISS.
Specifications - Material: Faded metal. Lens: Black Nylon ZEISS (B2). Hand made in Italy.mask
Chinti & Parker
Navy fine knit cashmere sweater featuring Moomin mother on front. Red "CP" sewn on back. Ribbed round neck, cuffs and bottom hem.
Specifications - Material: 100% cashmere. Made in Mauritius. Measurements (size M) - Chest: 46 cm. Length: 62 cm.
Please note: lookbook pictures are for inspiration only.mask
Chinti & Parker
Navy and cream striped fine knit cashmere sweater featuring Little My on front. Red "CP" sewn on back. Ribbed round neck, cuffs and bottom hem.
Specifications - Material: 100% cashmere. Made in England. Measurements (size M) - Chest: 47 cm. Length: 62 cm.
Please note: lookbook pictures are for inspiration only.mask
Chinti & Parker
Navy fine knit cashmere beanie featuring yellow tonal pom pom on top. White Moomin peeking on front.
Specifications - Material: 100% cashmere. Made in England. Measurements (one size) - Length (without fold-up): 26 cm. Length (with fold-up): 31 cm.
Please note: lookbook pictures are for inspiration only.mask
Chinti & Parker
Chinti & Parker
Navy fine knit cashmere sweater featuring open yellow pocket on front with white Moomin peeking out. Yellow "CP" sewn on back. Ribbed round neck, cuffs and bottom hem.
Specifications - Material: 100% cashmere. Made in Mauritius. Measurements (size M) - Chest: 62 cm. Length: 65 cm.
Please note: lookbook pictures are for inspiration only.mask
Chinti & Parker
Grey fine knit cashmere sweater featuring white Moomin on front and white stars from center to upper right shoulder. White "CP" sewn on back. Ribbed round neck, cuffs and bottom hem.
Specifications - Material: 100% cashmere. Made in Mauritius. Measurements (size M) - Chest: 62 cm. Length: 65 cm.
Please note: lookbook pictures are for inspiration only.mask
Chinti & Parker
Navy fine knit cashmere sweater featuring Little My on front. Red "CP" sewn on back. Ribbed round neck, cuffs and bottom hem.
Specifications - Material: 100% cashmere. Made in Mauritius. Measurements (size M) - Chest: 46 cm. Length: 62 cm.
Please note: lookbook pictures are for inspiration only.mask
L'Air de Rien
Miller Harris
Iconic singer and actress Jane Birkin's perfume, L'Air de Rien is a uniquely intimate and nostalgic fragrance. Seeking to capture all of Jane's favourite scents and chic sensuality, L'Air de Rien captures the comfort of a lovers embrace, watching dust dance in the light as you lay entwined. An intimate blend of musk and amber, softened by the suggestion of old books through earthy moss and dry vanilla. Alluring and profound, with an unspoken intimacy and closeness.
Specifications - Top notes: neroli, base notes: oak moss, patchouli, vanilla, amber, musk.mask
Black jacket featuring silver metallic buttons with black "Maison Kitsuné" printed. Two open hand pockets. Red and white printed lining. Ribbed round neck, cuffs and bottom hem.
Specifications - Material: 49% acrylic. 26% polyester. 22% wool. 3% AF. Made in Polen. Measurements (size M) - Chest: 54 cm. Length: 60 cm.mask
In a world where concrete is ubiquitous, the mundane fabric of urban cityscapes, now it is given disparate context: the uniquely refined realm of perfumery. Here, the prosaic is treated as precious; stereotypes subverted. A versatile material finds an unpredictable form. An exploration of destruction, construction and creation, CONCRETE is a fragrance where material preconceptions are deftly demolished, paving the way for something new.
Specifications - The richness of sandalwood is shattered to reveal its very essence, a radically new scent emerging from its fractured form. New contrasts are created through familiar fabrics. Industrial synthetics pierce natural familiarity; artificial rose oxide distorts an opulent woody overdose. Creation: Layers of resinous warmth are lacquered with metallic seams, built upon a foundation of Comme des Garçons' spice signature.mask
Pan And The Dream
BookThe coffee table book "The Emperor's New Clothes" is about the human situation post the digital revolution, where art and imperfection is removed for the sake of keeping our news feeds clean and our minds mainstream happy. The art book concerns itself with the naked form. It is not nudity in and of itself that is interesting, but rather the context and the message which the image carries. Each artist portrays the nude differently, however they all respond to the question of nudity in art and its suppression in the mediatized world. It is the first issue of Pan & The Dream annual magazine - a hybrid of a magazine and an art book . This issue weds smart text, brilliant design and arresting imagery in a coming together of new and archival work from esteemed artists and young creatives alike. A statement defying the current wave of commercial puritanism and the mishandling of censorship in social media.
There are only 1000 copies worldwide—each one numbered 1 to 1000.
Specifications - Book measures L 14.5" x W 11" x H 1", weighs 4 lbs, 200 pages printed on beautiful heavy stock matte eco paper. Limited edition of 1000 all hand numbered.mask
Newline HALO
Black high neck jacket featuring "HALO" logo print on lower left front. Front zipper closure. Two hand pockets with zipper closure and one open pocket on lower back. Ribbed round neck and cuffs. Elasticated bottom hem.
Specifications - Main material: 88% polyamide. 12% elastane. Attached materials: 52% polyester. 38% polyamide. 10% elastane. Measurements - Chest: 55 cm. Length: 67 cm.mask
Tech Jacket
& Pants
Newline Halo
Dark brown lightweight jacket and pants. Jacket featuring black zipper closture and HALO logo print on chest. Elasticated cuffs and adjustable bottom hem. Elasticated adjustable hood. Attached pocket from left sleeve. Pants feature elasticated waist and by ankles, and two hand pockets with zipper closure.
Specifications: Material: 100% polyamide. Made in China. Jacket measurements (size M) - Chest: 59 cm. Length: 70 cm. Pants measurements (size M) - Waist: 66 cm. Length: 100 cm.mask
Astrid Andersen
Volume 8
Issue 13
Tank Magazine
Tank Magazine Volume 8 Issue 13. Ths issue features a.o.
PARTISAN TIMES: by Masoud Golsorkhi PIN THE TAIL: when hosting a party, it is important to know the rules of the game. Caroline Issa chooses the season's most essential partywear PARTY ANIMAL: an education in individual expression and the importance of solidarity. By Justin E.H. Smith.
Specifications - 304 pages.mask
25YR Anniversary issue
Purple Magazine
Purple celebrates their 25 years anniversary issue with celebrating the artist and models who incarnated the spirit of the magazine through their style, attitude, and personality: Cindy Sherman, Richard Prince, Paul McCarthy, Michèle Lamy, Susan Cianciolo, Stella and Eva, Amanda Wall, Maurizio Cattelan, Paul Hameline and more. Since 1992 Purple has been connection art and fashion. For their 25th anniversary issue, they pay tribute to some of their favorite models and celebrate modeling as a form of art: fashion models are the ones who embody fashion at any given time, the ones who truly inspire designers, photographers, stylist, and editors.
Purple started as an anti-fashion magazine. Now that they are part of the "new establishment," the magazine are fighting the system from within to celebrate fashion as art. The paradox is that after 25 years, alternative magazines like ours have to protect true design from the business of fashion, which believes that the internet and social media are the new el dorado. Many brands now tend to think they don not need magazines, models, photographers, or fashion editors. They believe that they can reach consumers directly by selling clothes through influencers, whose millions of followers will buy what they post. This is the new business of fashion, and this could be the end of the magazine world, and for sure the end of fashion as art.
Please note: Covers will be shipped out randomlymask
Christopher Shannon
The Christopher Shannon Perfume is inspired by his childhood and teenage years growing up in working-class Liverpool. Scents of sulphur, copper and wood from the factories would mix with the smell of food from the bustling streets and fresh citrus notes from a newly cleaned house. These inspirations mix together with childlike enthusiasm reflecting both Christopher's upbringing and his contemporary, playful designs.
Specifications - Top: Lavender, Ginger, Mandarine, Curcuma, Cumin. Heart: Mimosa, Magnolia Flower, Orange blossom, Rose oil. Fond: Amber, Sandalwood, Musk, Oakwood, Vetiver, Cashmere wood.mask
Goetze Gegenwart
Time collapses, and history dilutes itself. Yesterday is as close as the furthest future. Hypermasculinity is floating next to an ageless generation. Your skin aged, sun, cigarettes. Now it's lit by your macbook screen. I smell the toxic fumes of an imaginary future just as the toxic fumes of a past on street corners counting small crime money. I smell the towel of Rocky Balboa. I smell the silver screens which taught me all that, and I smell. You. And you are here. This is a all you know. And you are young, but you smell like Paul Newman, like aftershave on irritated skin.
Specifications - Top: Bergamot, Ginger, Cardamom, Tea Note, Coriander. Heart: Violet, Nutmeg, Lavender, Basil, Rose. Fond: Tonka, Sandel, Cedarwood, Vetiver, Leather Note, Amber, Muskmask
Michael Sontag FORM
FORM was created out of the very essece of Michael Sontag's work. The scent plays with the definitions we give each other and ourselves when we drape our bodies in a certain garment, or in this instance a scent. The perfumes explores the transformation of ones form. Though it has no physical form of its own, it has the power to provide this effect.
Specifications - Top: Bergamot, Ylang, Geranium, Elemi, Cardamom. Heart: Jasmin, Suede, Cistus, Styrax, Cumin. Fond: Oakwood, Patchouli, Mush, Birch Tar, Cedarwood.mask
Hien Le No 1.
For his first perfume Hien Le is inspired by the functional yet smart tennis clothing of the 1960's and 70's as well as the Californian lifestyle of this era. Mark Buxton caught this inspiration and turned it into a fragrance with an expression that is fresh and green, but also woody and dry. The scent is unisex; delicate but at the same time explore, with a dynamic, facetted top note and a soft unusual floral bouquet which plunges into a long lasting exotic woody fond.
Specifications - Top: Cedrat Oil, Green Mandarin, Peppermint, Rosmarin, Orange Flower. Heart: Lilly of the Valley, Thyme, Mango, Magnolia Leaf, Sandal wood. Fond: Vetiver, Patchouli, Cedarwood, Musk, Amber, Gaiac Wood.mask
Peak boot
Filling Pieces
Smock, combat and windproof vintage camo jacket. Four large front pockets with one button closure and two concealed chest pockets with zipper closure. Drawstring hood featuring blue drawstrings with black adjusters. Large black patch on back featuring white "KAMO" print. Patches on sleeves and one reflective patch on each upper sleeve. Elasticated bottom hem feauturing red drawstring with black adjusters. Concealed front zipper closure with velcro fastening. Steel inside the hood for an adjustable collar.
Specifications - Material: 50% polyester. 50% cotton. (Please note: recycled process; which means that every item is unique and the print and patches can vary). Measurements (size M): Chest: 65 cm. Length: 88 cm.mask
Astrid Andersen
BLACKPEPPER is an electric collision of molecules: the crash of spicy pepper seeds suspended within infinite darkness. A powerful subversion of olfactive convention. An incessant investigation of the perpetually unknown. Warm, dry Madagascan Pepper cracks against fiery Cedarwood. Rich, fragrant Akigalawood (Patchouli, Agarwood) fuses with the caramel resin of Tonka Bean. Precious seeds and opulent woods blend in blazing harmony, laced with a musky accord. A resonant reverberation of dynamic intensity. Spice, seen through the transformative gaze of Comme des Garçons.
Specifications - Notes: Black pepper, cedar, patchouli, agarwood (oud), tonka bean and musk.
Please note: Perfumes are only shipped to Denmarkmask


text:
DETROIT - Another businessman has told federal investigators that he bribed Kwame Kilpatrick to obtain millions of dollars in city contracts.
The Local 4 Defenders have obtained documents that were filed Wednesday in federal court in Detroit.
They were filed by an attorney for Victor Mercado, who stands charged in connection with a corruption probe in Detroit.
READ: Mercado's motion to sever trial from codefendants
Kilpatrick, his father Bernard Kilpatrick, Detroit contractor Bobby Ferguson and Mercado- the city's former water department director – are scheduled to go on trial in September.
They're accused of conspiring up a pay-to-play scheme, allegedly meeting at the mayor's residence – the Manoogian Mansion – to come up with their plan.
"The purpose of these numerous meetings was to plot and scheme as to how to collectively obtain as much money as possible while the mayor was in office," the filing reads.
Cash, cars and Pistons tickets
According to the documents, business owner Anthony Soave, donated $125,000 to the Kilpatrick Civic Fund, fixed Kilpatrick's former mistress Christine Beatty's bad credit so she could get a Land Rover, flew Kilpatrick in private jets, gave him $10,000 in courtside Detroit Pistons tickets in 2002 and took Kilpatrick on two "shopping" trips to New York.
The gifts didn't just stop at Kilpatrick. Soave said he paid $6,000 for a watch for Bernard Kilpatrick, bought a woman's handbag and shoes and arranged and paid for a Christmas time stay at the Ritz Hotel in Naples – "including paying $3,000 to a hotel employed personal trainer who arranged for the room because no rooms were publically available."
Mercado wants to go on trial separately
The documents claim he was an "unwitting victim caught between a mayor equipped with a special administrator authority over the Detroit Water and Sewer Department and Mercado's duty to the city of Detroit to keep the water flowing."
Copyright 2012 by ClickOnDetroit.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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1971 - Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act - This legislation granted 44 mil¬lion acres of federal land and a $1 million cash settlement to Alaskan natives, paving the way for the construction of the 800-mile Alyeska pipeline from Prudhoe Bay to the Gulf of Alaska. It also set the stage for the 1980 Alaska Lands Act by requiring the secretary of the interior to set aside over 80 million acres of Alaskan lands for Congress to designate as national parks, wildlife refuges, national forests, and wild and scenic rivers.
1972 - Coastal Zone Management Act - This act was designed to "preserve, protect, develop, and, where possible, to restore or enhance the resources of the nation's coastal zone."
1972 - Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments (Clean Water Act) - With this legislation, the U.S. was provided with a new, comprehensive, and forceful strategy not only to stop the pollution but also to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of lakes, streams, and surface waters. Under Section 404 of this act, the Army Corps of Engineers was given responsibility to oversee any discharge of dredged or fill material in navigable waters. (After a 1975 NWF lawsuit, this jurisdiction was extended to include wetlands and headwaters.)
1972 - Marine Protection Research and Sanctuaries Act (Oceans Dumping Act) - This act prevents and limits the dumping of specific waste materials at sea and authorizes the secretary of commerce, with presidential approval, to designate marine sanctuaries and preserve or restore these areas for their conservation, ecological, or esthetic values.
1972 - Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act - EPA was given much greater authority to control pesticide use, including a two-category system of registering pesticides as intended for "general" or "restricted" use, with the latter to be used only by certified applicators.
1972 - Marine Mammals Protection Act - This act calls upon the federal gov¬ernment to establish a comprehensive, coordinated program to conserve ocean mammals and their products. It extends protection to individual popu¬lation stocks as well as species or subspecies of marine mammals.
1973 - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) - Signed by 80 nations, including the United States, the convention established a system of import/export regulation to prevent the commercial overexploitation of endangered or threatened plants and animals. Different levels of trade regulations were provided depending on the threatened status of any particular species and the effect trade would have on that species.
1973 - Endangered Species Act - This act created the endangered and threatened categories for species and extended the responsibility for conserving species to all federal agencies. The secretary of the interior was made re¬sponsible for updating and overseeing these efforts. In addition, the secretary was charged with insuring that federal activities neither jeopardize the con¬tinued existence of, nor destroy or modify critical habitat for, endangered or threatened species. With this act the United States ratified the CITES Treaty.
1974 - Sikes Act Extension - With this act, the mandate to develop, maintain, and coordinate conservation programs for wildlife, fish, and game on military reservations is extended to include national forests, and public lands administered by the BLM and the Atomic Energy Commission. Such programs must include specific projects to improve habitat and must provide protection to threatened or endangered species.
1974 - Forest and Rangelands Renewable Resources Planning Act - To facilitate long range planning for the use of renewable resources within the National Forest Systems, five-year plans must be prepared to outline the protection, management, and development of land in the system.
1976 - Federal Land Policy and Management Act (BLM Organic Act) - Signifying a major policy change, this act established management standards for federal lands under the jurisdiction of the BLM. The secretary of the interior is required to develop and maintain "land use plans which provide by tracts or areas for the use of public land" and for the protection of fish and wildlife habitat. In addition, "regulations and plans for the protection of public land areas of critical environmental concern" must be promptly developed.
1976 - Toxic Substances Control Act - Designed to prevent environmental degradation, this law directed EPA to require testing of all existing and new substances which may present an unreasonable risk to public health or the environment and, if necessary, to step in with regulations.
1976 - National Forest Management Act - An amendment to the 1974 Forest and Rangelands Renewable Resources Planning Act, this act prohibits clear-cutting in national forests and imposes detailed standards on Forest Service management. Public participation is required at every significant stage of administrative action.
1977 - Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act - This act prohibits surface mining on unsuitable land and sets strict standards for reclamation and restoration of land that is suitable for surface mining.
1979 - Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act - Eight new wilderness areas, covering almost 2 million acres, were added to the National Park System. Major additions were also made to the Wild and Scenic Rivers System and the National Scenic Trails System.
1978 - National Parks and Recreation Act (Omnibus Parks Act) - The law established a fishery conservation zone in ocean waters extending from the 3-mile state jurisdiction to the 200-mile federal jurisdiction and created eight regional councils to manage fish populations within the zone to prevent overfishing.


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Mattel proves once again that they have the Power…
Toy Fair 2011 coverage brought to you by the following fine sponsors: BigBadToyStore.com, Sekaido.com, and Collectibles Insurance.
Mattel has done it once again in a big way with today's new Masters of the Universe Classics product reveals. The surprises came in all shapes and sizes with the unexpected reveal of the towering Megator figure, the Faceless One, Clawful and the long-requested Man E Faces . An additional unexpected surprise was the Blonde Teela based on the mini comics which will be the next quarterly variant this year. The Battle Rack was also on display with a new set of weapons.
Several previously-announced figures were also on display including Bow, Preternia Disguise He-Man, King Hssss, Catra and Syklone and Battle Armor Skeletor riding atop his feline steed Panthor. The remaining release schedule for MOTU through August 2011 will be:
(April) Syklone, Weapons Rack, Panthor
(May) Catra
(June) Faceless One, Battleground Teela -quarterly variant-
(July) Clawful
(August) Man E Faces, Megator
Click HERE to view all our Mattel images in our Toy Fair 2011 gallery.
For a great selection of action figures and collectibles, check out BigBadToyStore.com, ToyDorks.com, BriansToys.com, ToyWiz.com, SmallJoes.com, PastGenerationToys.com, Urban-Collector.com, MonkeyDepot.com, HobbyLinkJapan.com, and Sekaido.com.
To insure your action figure collection, get in touch with our sponsor Collectibles Insurance.


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The Congressional Budget Office reported Tuesday that the federal deficit -- that is, the gap between spending and revenue -- will shrink below $1 trillion this year for the first time since President Obama took office. The projected $845 billion deficit would be about 5% of gross domestic product. That's the smallest deficit since 2008, when the gap was about 3.2% of GDP.
The deficit peaked in 2009 at just over 10% of GDP -- which, at the time, was the highest since 1945. But 1943 through 1945 saw annual deficits of 27%, 22% and 21%, in that order, due to heavy war spending -- and it resulted in a U.S. economic boom that hasn't been matched since.
With the economy growing so slowly -- or even contracting slightly, as we witnessed in the fourth quarter -- the shrinking deficit is worrisome. From the sectoral balances accounting identity, we know the government's balance, plus the domestic private sector's financial balance and the external balance (current account), must all sum to zero. This makes logical sense, because one sector's spending must equal another sector's income and savings. So if the government runs a deficit, it is equal to the private sector's surplus.
So, by definition, reducing the government's deficit reduces the private sector's income and savings. Either that, or the external deficit has to shrink by the same margin. But, with oil prices rising and the dollar steady to rising, it's unlikely the trade deficit will shrink enough to offset the drop in the federal budget deficit -- meaning that private sector balances (savings) will be reduced.
We saw the same phenomenon take place from 1997 to 2000, when the government's balance went from deficit to surplus. That swing corresponded with a large decline in private-sector savings, setting up for the market peak in 2000 and subsequent decline, and the economic recession that followed.
We saw this occur in 1937, as well, when President Franklin Roosevelt caved to demands to "balance the budget," and imposed austerity. That sent the U.S. into what would come to be known as the mini-depression of 1937. The economy stayed weak until 1943, when war spending ballooned the federal deficit to nearly 30% of GDP, thus causing the economy to boom.
More recently, the pre-crisis market top in 2007 saw the federal deficit shrink to 1.2% of GDP, sparking a concomitant drop in private-sector savings. With that ratio currently at 5%, it's still arguable whether the deficit is sufficient to keep things on a slow-growth path for the remainder of the year. Further, our $800 billion worth of nominal savings seems enough to provide a cushion -- perhaps. However, the budget trend is not our friend, as opposed to the period from 2009 to just recently.
It's ironic that the president and Congress are all calling for fiscal restraint, even as they see the result of austerity in Europe. Here they have a real-time laboratory that proves spending cuts result in rising unemployment, rolling recessions and higher deficits. In light of this, you would think they'd opt for the opposite policy.


text:
Topic: ASCO 2012 - Gastrointestinal (Noncolorectal) Cancer Abstracts
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Thanks again, I printed all of them out and see which one I need to talk to the presenter at the poster session. I have already read a couple,but did not find the BICAP study; I was told this year ,they will present a few more distinguish posters each day which deem more important. They will only announce the posters each day at 0000 on the web as well as printed newspaper each day.So Iguest I may find the answer there.
Please ask them will they have their BICAP study post in the ASCO meeting,or in oral session so I will not miss them . If I may ,can Helen what other articls or posters they will present at the coming ASCO.
I like to know , learn about their research in English.
Make sure you say hi to you mum for me,I will spend more time in preparing for the ASCO that means I will much less time here till the middle of June.
God bless.
Gavin, thank you so much for posting this link.
I quickly read all abstracts about CC. This one caught my attention:
Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GEMOX) alone or in combination with cetuximab as first-line treatment for advanced biliary cancer: Final analysis of a randomized phase II trial (BINGO)
GEMOX-cetuximab regimen was well tolerated and met its primary endpoint (4-month PFS ≥60%). However, median PFS and OS were similar in both arms. Exploratory analyses (e.g., KRAS tumor status) are underway to identify pt subgroups deriving benefit from the addition of cetuximab to CTx.
Bold font is mine.
It's disappointing to see that GEMOX+cetuximab failed to show advantage over GEMOX alone. Up until now, GEMOX+cetuximab seemed to be the most promising new protocol.
Glad to be of help to you both, and if I see more ASCO updates etc I'll be sure to post them here. Not had a chance to read the abstracts yet Eli but thanks for pointing that one out for us all.
And Percy, check your email please!!!!! I sent you something last night so could you take a look at it and get back to me before Sunday night if possible so that I can pass it on to Helen? And I'll ask Helen about BILCAP as well for you too.
Thanks guys.
The information expressed is not medical advice. The discussion boards are not intended to replace the services of a trained health professional or to be a substitute for the medical advice of physicians or other healthcare providers. Read the full disclaimer.


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Bioequivalence Study of Zidovudine 300 mg Tablets, USP Under Fed Conditions
This study has been completed.
Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited
Information provided by:
Ranbaxy Inc.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: October 23, 2008
Last updated: NA
Last verified: October 2008
History: No changes posted
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
|Study Status:
|This study has been completed.
|Study Completion Date:
|April 2005
|Primary Completion Date:
|March 2005 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)


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The UNC Behavioral Lab was founded in 2005 to help support and promote research on judgment and decision making as well as other work related to individual, group and organizational phenomena.
All University affiliates are welcome to use the Lab's resources for advertising and scheduling experiments.
Thank you for your interest in our lab, please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions.


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Injured Bourn weathering rehab delay
CLEVELAND -- Rain has not only been delaying games for the Indians this week, but it has forced the club to alter the rehab schedule for center fielder Michael Bourn.
After Triple-A Columbus' season opener was postponed because of rain on Thursday, Bourn's Minor League rehab debut was also pushed back. Indians manager Terry Francona noted that the sidelined center fielder was scheduled to play for Columbus on Friday and Saturday. Bourn did not play Friday because of wet conditions, but is slated to play Saturday in the first game of a doubleheader.
Bourn is on the 15-day disabled list with a left hamstring strain.
"Bourny is scheduled to play tonight in the home opener with Columbus," Francona said on Friday before his club's 7-2 victory. "I think we're all going to wait and see the weather, how the weather plays out. He's supposed to play tonight and tomorrow. We reserve the right to use some judgment there. So, we'll see."
Bourn was originally scheduled to play on Thursday and Friday with the hope that he might be able to be activated when first eligible on Saturday. Bourn injured his hamstring while running the bases in a Cactus League game against the Giants on March 16.
Bourn, 31, signed a four-year contract worth $48 million with the Indians prior to last season, when he hit .263 with six home runs, 21 doubles, six triples, 50 RBIs, 23 stolen bases and 75 runs in 130 games. Bourn underwent surgery on his left hamstring on Oct. 15, but the team has indicated that the current injury is unrelated to that issue.
Jordan Bastian is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Major League Bastian, and follow him on Twitter @MLBastian. Teddy Cahill is a reporter for MLB.com. Follow him on Twitter at @tedcahill. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Attacks against agricultural biotechnology have increased noticeably this fall within the United States and around the world. It appears that activists who oppose genetically modified crops are advancing their causes more aggressively than ever before.
The tactics being used recently are more sophisticated than previously seen, although some of the same tactics are still being used. For example, protestors blocked the truck entrance of Monsanto's Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc. plant in Oxnard, Calif., in September. The nine protestors were arrested and claimed to be part of the group Occupy Monsanto, which aims to force Monsanto to stop distributing GM crop seed. The group claimed the protest was not in response to Monsanto opposing Proposition 37 in California, which seeks to require labeling of genetically modified food ingredients in all packaged items. The group has been supportive of Prop 37.
Outside of the United States, challenges to agricultural biotechnology seem to be escalating. Anti-GM activists typically employ the use of fear tactics to sway unknowing consumers away from food purchases. This tactic has been successful in the past. But what's different this time is the activists are trying to use a more scientific approach to discount biotechnology's benefits. Biotechnology has long held up under scientific scrutiny, and the research has consistently shown the technology is safe to use. But scaring people works more effectively if you claim to have research behind the findings.
In Australia, anti-GM researchers released a study claiming that a GM wheat variety could cause liver damage. However, the methodology of the study was questioned by many in the scientific community.
Professor Rick Roush, the Dean of the Melbourne School of Land and Environment at the University of Melbourne, said, "Not only are these claims of potential health risks from the CSIRO starch-modified wheat highly speculative, they have been advanced by three anti-GM campaigners who have deliberately bypassed independent scientific assessment of their claims. Instead, this has been launched such that it will become another scientific-sounding scare story in cyberspace, a well-worn path of anti-GM so-called 'science' by press release."
In another attempt to use science to disprove the use of biotechnology, French scientists released a report saying Monsanto's GM corn fed to rats caused them to have tumors and multiple organ damage. The researchers claimed that 50 percent of the male and 70 percent of the female rats died prematurely compared with only 30 percent and 20 percent in the control group.
Once again the scientific community criticized the research by explaining that the rats used in the study were known to be prone to mammary tumors. Another sticking point was that the researchers did not share how much they fed the rats or their growth rates.
An Australian researcher brought up the question that if these results were true and adequately applied to humans, why have we not seen such dramatic results in humans, especially in North America where citizens have been consuming foods with GM ingredients since 1996 when the first GM product went on the market? Based on the new research, Americans should be dropping like flies. The data does not add up.
One theory behind the French study is that France is pulling out all the stops to prevent the cultivation of GM crops in its country. A European court a week prior to the release of the French data ruled that individual member states could not ban GM crops once the EU had agreed not to ban them. France appears to be trying this new approach to keep GMOs from being grown.
These are not the last attacks on biotechnology. More will come. Different tactics may be tried, but in the end, the weight of the evidence of the world's scientific community should continue to win out.


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The Modine name has become synonymous with quality unit heaters in millions of homes and workshops all across the world. The HDB100 is no exception to this rule, with sound engineering and reliability to last decades on end. Field wiring connections and electrical knockouts allow the HDB100 to be installed nearly anywhere, while it's quiet operation and a natural, neutral coloring allow it to blend in seamlessly in any location.
Product Features
Blower Based Air Propulsion
The HDB100 uses a blower for air movement. Although this adds a bit of clearance to the back of the unit heater when compared to a propeller, it allows for a range of air speed control and higher moveable air volume, as well as the ability to be integrated into a building's ductwork.
Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger
The stainless steel heat exchanger has incredible corrosion resistance, high heat transfer and is protected by a full 10 year warranty by Modine.
Pressure Safety Switch
The HDB100 features an automatic safety shutoff feature that triggers in the event that flue exhaust venting system is restricted. This prevents the heater from operating in unsafe conditions or with improper venting, catching a variety of installation issues before they become a larger problem.
Integrated Direct Spark Control Board
An integrated direct spark control board combines all furnace control functions onto one convenient board. This minimizes labor cost for maintenance and repairs by providing LED diagnostics for troubleshooting by your contractor.
Permanently Lubricated Motor
The motor on the HDB100 has a permanent, long lasting lubricant straight from the factory. This means that the motor never has to be oiled, reducing maintenance costs, general wear and tear, and operational noise.
Power Venting System
The power venting system quickly and efficiently brings flue exhaust from the unit heater to the outdoors, and requires minimal installation labor. This keeps installation related costs as low as possible.
Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger
The stainless steel heat exchanger has incredible corrosion resistance, high heat transfer and is protected by a full 10 year warranty by Modine.
Product Note
These alternate power configurations are available for this item:
- 208V/1Ph/60Hz
- 230V/1Ph/60Hz
- 208V/3Ph/60Hz
- 230V/3Ph/60Hz
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- 575V/3Ph/60Hz
These alternate power configurations require unique step-down transformers for proper operation. This series of unit heaters is also available with a two stage direct spark ignition. For more information, call our sales department at (866) 554-HEAT (4328).


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15036983, Shaft
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