text:
The Monterey City Council approved an arrangement on Tuesday to enable the Peninsula water authority to hire a chief executive.
The council voted 5-0 to create a part-time water authority director, who would be hired as a contract employee by the six-city Monterey Peninsula Regional Water Authority.
Mayor Chuck Della Sala, president of the water authority board, said the agency had already approved of the arrangement. Monterey's city charter requires the position be filled by the city manager. The water authority would then contract with the city for the director.
Della Sala said the water authority was weighing three finalists for the job and hoped to make a selection soon.
The hourly pay for the director was set at $100. Monterey would be reimbursed at a rate of $105.20 an hour. The director is expected to work 20 hours a week.


text:
Welcome to Firefox for Android Add-ons.
Add extra features and styles to make Firefox for Android your own.Close
JSONovich 1.99.5
by mjgiarlo, Will Elwood
Pretty-prints JSON content in the browser for easy, unobtrusive viewing.
About this Add-on
Normally, the browser would either prompt to download or display as plain text any JSON sent with the correct application/json mime-type. JSONovich makes working with and debugging output from web services easier by formatting JSON nicely inside the browser.
Developer's Comments
- Syntax highlighting of JSON elements. [since 0.1]
- Indentation according to JSON object/array nesting level. [since 0.1]
- Line numbering based on JSON nodes and brackets, long strings always count as a single line. [since 0.8]
- Collapsible objects and arrays (whole line is clickable, not just a tiny +/- symbol). [since 1.5]
- Subtle zebra-stripes for easier reading. [since 1.7]
- Preserves formatting accurately when copying to clipboard, excluding line numbers. [since 0.9, broken in 1.7, fixed in 1.9.3]
- Currently supports the following MIME types by default:
- application/json [since 0.1] (also legacy unofficial types application/x-json [since 1.8.2], text/json [since 1.8.2] and text/x-json [since 0.1])
- application/jsonrequest [since 1.6]
- application/sparql-results+json [since 0.9.1]
- application/schema+json [since 1.8.2]
- application/jsonml+json [since 1.8.2]
- application/rdf+json [since 1.4]
- application/javascript and variations [since 1.9.2]
- Supports loading JSON from files on disk with the following extensions by default:
- Adds application/json to the default HTTP Accept header to make working with CouchDB easier. [since 1.1, optional since 1.8.2, default off since 1.9]
- Can override the default HTTP Accept header for individual hosts to either remove application/json or add it with a specific quality factor. [since 1.9]
- Options can be changed via the Add-ons Manager in Firefox 7+, Mobile 7+ and SeaMonkey 2.4+. [since 1.9]
- Options can be changed via about:config (extensions.jsonovich branch) in all browsers. [since 1.8]
- Restartless (even in ancient browsers, partially!). [since 1.8]
- Full support for documents served with unusual character sets as well as the official UTF8. [fixed in 1.9]
- Support for multi-process browsers (Electrolysis Project aka e10s). [since 184.108.40.206]
- Want some sample JSON?
- Want to see how it handles invalid JSON?
- Or perhaps some Unicode?
- See how it handles JSON with HTML entities?
- What's with the weird name?
JSONovich is named after Pavement member Bob Nastanovich primarily because he seems like a swell guy.
- And the logo?
That's called an Ambihelical Hexnut, an optical illusion similar to the impossible torus that is the JSON logo.
To report a problem, please create an issue.
Feel free to add your language to our Transifex page.
A history of changes and the latest source code are available from our GitHub project.
This extension is MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1 tri-licensed.
Version Information
Version 1.99.5
- Pass startup reason to embedded webextension. [bug 1383064, bug 1372750]
- Attempt to reduce flash of unstyled content.
- Attempt to fix options UI on Android.
- Source code released under Mozilla Public License Version 1.1
- What's this?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fireman Birthday Party
Kiddie Soiree: A Fab Firefighting Birthday Bash!
Kiddie Soiree: A Fab Firefighting Birthday Bash!
It's the sound of the siren, the pressure of the hose, the shiny polished trucks and the fearlessness of firefighters that fascinate youngsters. A friend recently hosted a red hot birthday bash for her four-year-old at their local station, and it was a fiery success! Though she put a lot of detail in the celebration, she did it without breaking the bank. Starting with a lesson about fire safety and what to do in case of an emergency, the fete then moved to some light fare before the aspiring firefighters got a tour of a firetruck and were invited to test their skills at handling the hose. Check out this slideshow for tips on how to plan your own themed party.
0previous images
-23more images


text:
After the Television Critics Association panel for Starz' new drama "Magic City," I saw Olga Kurylenko standing all by herself. I was planning to talk to her about the new series anyway but now I got an exclusive. She plays Vera, an immigrant in 1959 Miami, married to hotel owner Ike Evans (Jeffrey Dean Morgan). We also talked about her upcoming movies and the Quantum of Solace backlash from Daniel Craig himself.
CraveOnline: What are the dramatic storylines for your character in "Magic City?"
Olga Kurylenko: Well, she's in this different world for her and basically she's trying to be a stepmother. She really wants to have a family of her own. That's her thing. She wants to have children. She is really missing dancing and by all means she's trying to go back to performing, which is very difficult because Ike doesn't really agree with that, doesn't want her dancing.
She's the queen and she's not to be on stage. That's how he sees it. So this whole struggle with her, whether she's going to be able to perform again or not and to keep the relationship at the same time. I think she's also trying to mean something in this world. She doesn't want to be just a wife or a housewife. I think she'd really like to be equal to her husband and maybe help him when she can. She's quite proactive. She's going to be developing in many different respects.
CraveOnline: Do we get to see you perform?
Olga Kurylenko: Yes, there are little glimpses of dance, yeah.
CraveOnline: What sort of training did you do for that?
Olga Kurylenko: I went to the ballet school in Miami. I just took a couple of ballet classes and some jazz. I had private training also just to go back into this whole thing because I trained when I was a kid but it was a long time ago. So this was a great opportunity to start doing it again, to start dancing and I had a blast.
I loved it. I thought what a great thing, I should be dancing all the time. It's one of those things. Movies are good for that because they force you to do a certain kind of training and learn new skills, and that was one of those. I'm looking forward to going back to it and doing some more.
CraveOnline: Have you been asked to do anything outrageous on the show, since it's Starz and can be R-rated?
Olga Kurylenko: No, nothing outrageous here really. It's one of the few that didn't ask me to do anything outrageous for once.
CraveOnline: Is it hot in Miami?
Olga Kurylenko: Very hot, yeah. Especially in summer it was very humid but I like it. I love it. I'm so glad. I had a great time. I love the heat. I love sun. I feel better in warm countries.
CraveOnline: Are you a history buff? Have you researched this era in Europe or America?
Olga Kurylenko: A little bit. I read the book "1959" about what kind of things happened that year because our show starts in 1959. And then I went on the internet a lot. It's a really great resource because you can type any subject in Google and you get thousands of articles. You pretty much can research anything.
There's Wikipedia, there's all kinds of stuff. It's actually great nowadays. Any questions you have, you go on the internet. You can research anything. You can watch videos on YouTube, things like that. I watched old movies, like the very romantic black and white movies which really helped me with the relationship that Ike has with Vera.
CraveOnline: What were the names of some of the movies?
Olga Kurylenko: Oh God. Well, I rewatched Casablanca.
CraveOnline: That was the '40s.
Olga Kurylenko: Yeah, but it's the same romance. Oh God, I'm very bad with names. I watched tons of black and white movies. It was all on Netflix but the names, I'm really bad with names. It doesn't matter, I saw tons of things and that really helps because there was something so pure and a little naïve in the way they portrayed love. It wasn't dirty as sometimes we see now. It was beautiful and I much prefer watching those kind of relationships.
CraveOnline: Does the show have that innocent attitude even though it's being made now?
Olga Kurylenko: That's the thing. This story between Ike and Vera is very similar to that. There's something very pure and romantic about it. It has that feel. There's nothing dirty about our relationship.
CraveOnline: Where is Vera from?
Olga Kurylenko: Her mother's Dutch and her father's a gypsy. So she's half and half and basically after World War II, she goes on a ship to America but ends up in Cuba because of the over quota and lives in Cuba for a couple of years.
CraveOnline: Is it easy for you to be flexible with your voice and the accent?
Olga Kurylenko: I think I just use the accent I have because since she's a foreigner anyway, it's perfect. I don't speak as an American I guess and my accent is unidentifiable. People don't know where I'm from when I speak, so yeah, I think that's perfect. But it's also funny because when I listen to myself talk, I find myself speaking quite with a somewhat Hispanic accent even which would be perfect if she lived a couple years in Cuba and she could totally have that accent and she speaks Spanish obviously.
There is a moment when I speak a little bit of Spanish. We realize she absolutely understands Spanish because people don't know she does.
CraveOnline: Did the Spanish accent just come out on set when you were around other people speaking Spanish?
Olga Kurylenko: Maybe it's something that still stayed from Bond because I played a Bolivian and I had to work on a Hispanic accent. So somehow I think that's easy for me to bring back. I can speak with a slight Hispanic accent somewhat so that certain words I could pronounce in that way. So I think that goes through and also the fact that we did have a lot of Spanish speaking people on set. It's true that when you listen to them it's easy to copy them. You can just copy them. I hear the way they speak, I can just speak the way they speak.
CraveOnline: Since he's shooting a new Bond movie, Daniel Craig has said he always knew there were problems with Quantum of Solace. That seems a little convenient after the fact. Was anyone really speculating about problems with the script while you were making it?
Olga Kurylenko: What I heard from the director in the beginning was that he thought that the script wasn't complete or something. I remember they were just rewriting it. They rewrote it and I think he participated and there was another writer, but that's all I remember.
So they were working on it as they went but that happens very often. A lot of scripts people just modify things and suddenly you get new pages sometimes a day before your scene. "You know what, we just changed the whole dialogue." So that's a common thing that happens.
CraveOnline: Do you have any more movies coming out?
Olga Kurylenko: This year there's one coming out in Europe that's a French movie about Chernobyl, the accident that happened in Chernobyl 25 years ago. It's called Land of Oblivion. I don't know if it's going to come to America but it went to more than 20 festivals already. It went around the world so I'm very happy with it. The Terrence Malick film should come out in 2012 but I don't know when exactly.
CraveOnline: You shot that already?
Olga Kurylenko: Yeah, I shot it like a year and a half ago, right? Not last fall but the fall before. So that's going to come out this year. There's going to be The Expatriate that's going to come out.
CraveOnline: Do you get to see any cuts of the Malick film along the way?
Olga Kurylenko: Oh no, with Terrence, no. He doesn't show anything. I probably recorded about 400 pages of text. I read a book because there's a lot of voiceover. I've only seen the approximate trailer that they were showing in Cannes that they made up a while ago. The movie wasn't even cut but now they're very close. I think they're very close to being done.
CraveOnline: What will that character be like?
Olga Kurylenko: That character is different. She's Russian, born in Russia, immigrated to France, has a daughter so she's a mother. It's about the relationship. My character has the relationship with this American man played by Ben Affleck. She's basically desperately looking for real love but it's just very difficult. The whole film is about their understanding and how they are trying to make their relationship work. It's a very tough love story. They do love each other but there are various complications.


text:
SHERMAN OAKS - Pete Rose is back, back in the spotlight, and ready to make friends.
One day after the Baseball Writers' Association of America elected no one in its annual Hall of Fame vote, Rose was defending both the suspected and the accused - Roger Clemens, Barry Bonds, Mike Piazza, Rafael Palmeiro - all of whom he believes should be in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
"Nothing hurts me about steroids," he said. "I was a little sad nobody made the Hall of Fame (Wednesday).
"They're all friends of mine and I'm not here to badmouth anybody."
Rose knows a thing or two about being badmouthed and left out of Cooperstown.
The man with the most hits in baseball history was banned from the game for life by then-commissioner Bart Giamatti in 1989. Rose denied allegations he bet on Cincinnati Reds games as their manager for years, confessed to the allegations in 2004, and has become more contrite in the years since. Without any evidence he gambled on baseball games as a player, he's still not eligible for Hall of Fame induction.
Rose wasn't ready to propose any changes to the Hall of Fame voting process. But he has chosen a side in the performance-enhancing drug use debate.
"I don't know who did what," he said, "and I really don't care."
Rose has a reason to make friends. He hasn't entirely given up his quest to be inducted into the Hall of Fame one day, saying he hopes to reach out to commissioner Bud Selig soon.
Selig has denied Rose in previous meetings, but Rose remains undeterred.
"I think I'd have to look Bud in the face and tell him what it took me a long time to do - to come clean," he said. "I'm a changed individual."
Some nice publicity wouldn't hurt Rose's television career, either. He and his fianc e, former Playboy model Kiana Kim, are the central characters in an upcoming reality series on TLC called "Pete Rose: Hits & Mrs." The first episode airs Monday.
Kim and her 14-year-old daughter, Cassie, sat beside Rose at a press luncheon Thursday. She described one episode in which the blended family of four - Pete, Kiana, Cassie, and Kim's 11-year-old son, Ashton - visit the Hall of Fame.
"It was kind of bittersweet," Kim said. "He said, `You guys just go in.' I got teary-eyed."
If the 71-year-old Rose is to be believed, he only thinks about the Hall of Fame when prompted.
"I don't ever think about it, except now," he said. "I don't worry about things that are out of my control. I'm not in the Hall of Fame because of me. I'm pissed at me. I'll get my due someday."


text:
July 2005
The University of Minnesota, Morris is a liberal arts campus of the University of Minnesota, subject to the control of the Board of Regents. General policies of the University, including those implemented through the University Senate, apply to the University of Minnesota, Morris, except those that by the nature of the separate location of the campus are not applicable. The educational concerns and responsibilities of the campus are delegated to the chancellor and the Morris Campus Assembly.
Section 1. President of the University
The president of the University as its chief executive officer has general administrative authority over University affairs. The Office of the President provides a coordinating and review function for the interpretation and applicability of policies and procedures on the Morris campus. The president may suspend action taken by the Morris Campus Assembly and ask for a reconsideration of such action. If the president and the Morris Campus Assembly do not reach agreement on the action, it may be appealed to the Board of Regents by either party.
Section 2. Senior Administrative Officer of the Morris Campus
The senior administrative officer, hereafter referred to as the chancellor, is the chief representative and executive officer of the Morris campus. The chancellor is appointed by the Board of Regents upon the recommendation of the president of the University. The chancellor's administrative authority over campus affairs includes:
Introducing and testing educational ideas and proposals;
Formulating policy;
Stimulating and conducting discussion leading to the improvement of the educational program;
Reviewing policies, procedures, and programs of individual campus units and of the campus as a whole;
Developing a comprehensive plan for the campus.
The term of office for the chancellor and vice chancellors is seven years. Near the end of their terms, or earlier if deemed appropriate, the president will initiate a review of the chancellor, and the chancellor will initiate a review of the vice chancellors. The reviews shall include the possibility of reappointment.
The chancellor will maintain continuous and frequent interaction with the outside community to facilitate maximum understanding of the interests, goals, and needs of both the campus and the larger community.
Section 3. Budget
The chancellor, as chief executive officer of the campus, is responsible for the expenditure of funds and has final authority to make budgetary recommendations to the president of the University. However, in view of the need to give proper consideration to educational policies and objectives, the chancellor will consult with appropriate persons about budget matters that affect the campus as a whole.
Section 4. Selection of Administrative Officers
In the appointment of principal administrative officers whose duties materially affect the educational program, the chancellor makes recommendations to the president of the University after consultation with members of the campus community. In addition, the reorganization of administrative offices is carried out in consultation with the campus community.
Section 5. Faculty Tenure
Current University of Minnesota tenure policies included in the University of Minnesota, "Regulations Concerning Faculty Tenure" shall be followed.
Section 1. Organization
The division is the basic academic unit of the campus and consists of its professors, associate professors, assistant professors (including research associates), instructors (including research fellows), academic professional staff, part-time faculty, and other persons the division may designate.
Section 2. Division Chairs
A. Duties and Responsibilities: The chair is the official representative and administrative officer of the division who is responsible for the formulation of divisional policies and the execution of University and campus policies as they concern the division. (See also, By-laws, Article IV.) Other responsibilities of the chair include the following:
Call and preside over division meetings.
Responsible for the organization and quality of the work of the division.
Report on teaching and research of division faculty.
Prepare the budget.
Approve expenditure of divisional funds in consultation with members of the division.
Introduce proposals and stimulate and conduct discussions directed toward the improvement of the educational program. Consult with members of the division, and when appropriate, other individuals and groups on all matters of common concern.
B. Appointment
In the appointment of a division chair, the chancellor presents a nomination to the president, after consultation with the faculty and others as specified in the by-laws. The appointment of a division chair is for five years with eligibility for reappointment. Near the end of the five-year term or earlier if deemed appropriate, the chancellor will initiate a review of the division chair. The review includes consultation with appropriate members of the campus community including the Consultative Committee.
Section 3. Meetings
Each division holds at least one meeting each semester. Special meetings may be called by the division chair. At the request of three or more members, the division chair shall call a meeting of the division within seven days. Agendas of regular and special meetings of the division are prepared by the chair, and normally, are distributed in advance to members and to the Office of the Chancellor.
Division members advise the division chair on matters of common concern, such as, faculty positions, curriculum, budget, special programs, and policies of the division.
Section 4. Division Grievance Committees
Organization and Powers
Each division shall appoint a grievance officer who will assist in the informal resolution of grievances within the unit and who will provide information about formal grievance procedures. The chancellor shall appoint a grievance officer to assist in the informal resolution of grievances and provide information about formal grievance procedures for those who are not members of a faculty division.
Article III. The University of Minnesota,
Morris Campus Assembly
Section 1. Organization and Membership
The Morris Campus Assembly includes the faculty, academic staff personnel, elected student members, civil service personnel holding the title of associate vice chancellor for physical plant and master planning, registrar, or director, and elected civil service/staff* members. For purposes of this constitution, faculty, academic staff, students, and civil service/staff personnel are defined as follows:
A. Faculty: Faculty eligible for membership include professors, associate professors, assistant professors (including research associates), instructors (including research fellows), academic staff, and part-time faculty or academic staff holding at least one-third equivalent of a full-time position for the academic year.
B. Students: Students eligible for election to membership must have credits in residence and be enrolled for eight or more credits during the semester when the election for student assembly members takes place. Student members of the assembly must carry at least eight credits during each semester of their term.
C. Civil Service/staff: Members of the campus community holding at least a nine-month full time civil service/staff appointment are eligible for election to membership in the assembly. By virtue of their appointments, persons holding the title of associate vice chancellor for physical plant and master planning, registrar, or director are members of the assembly.
D. All voting members of committees who have business on the assembly floor are eligible to participate in the discussion of that business and to vote on it.
Section 2. Election of Student and Civil Service/Staff Members of the Assembly
A. One student member is elected at large by the student body for each one hundred students or major fraction thereof enrolled fall semester of the same academic year.
B. One civil service/staff member is elected at large by the civil service/staff for each fifty civil service/staff or major fraction thereof employed fall semester of the same academic year.
C. Elections take place during the spring semester for the following academic year.
Section 3. Officers
A. The chancellor of the campus is the chair of the Morris Campus Assembly.
B. A vice chair is elected by the assembly and shall be a voting member of the assembly. The vice chair presides in the absence of the chancellor, or when the chancellor takes the floor.
C. A secretary is elected by the assembly and is a voting member of the assembly.
1. The secretary is responsible for the minutes of all meetings of the assembly. The minutes are subject to additions and corrections by assembly members only.
2. Within four weeks following each meeting of the assembly, the secretary distributes the minutes to each member of the assembly, to the Office of the Chancellor, to the Morris Campus Student Association, and to the clerk of the University Senate. Minutes are available to the entire campus community.
D. A parliamentarian is elected by the assembly. The parliamentarian is a voting member of the
assembly and advises the chair on the propriety of actions according to the rules of procedure
adopted by the assembly. Where there is no explicit rule of procedure or where interpretation is in
doubt, Robert's Rules of Order governs.
E. The vice chair, secretary, and parliamentarian are elected at a spring semester assembly meeting held after the student and civil service/staff elections. Persons elected serve for the ensuing academic year and are eligible for re-election. Vacancies are filled by special elections.
Section 4. Meetings
A. The assembly meets at least twice each semester of the academic year.
B. Special meetings of the assembly may be called by the chancellor or the Executive Committee. On request of ten percent of the members of the assembly, the Executive Committee shall call the assembly into session within seven days.
C. Agendas of regular and special meetings of the assembly are prepared by the Executive Committee and normally will be distributed to all members of the assembly at least seven days prior to a meeting. All members of the campus community may submit business to the Executive Committee for its consideration as agenda items. Copies of the agenda are made available to the entire campus community.
D. Meetings of the assembly are open to all members of the campus community, unless an executive session is declared.
Section 5. Executive Session
The assembly may by majority vote declare an executive session. Attendance is restricted to assembly members and voting members of committees with business on the agenda for the meeting.
Section 6. Quorum
A quorum shall normally consist of a simple majority of the membership of the assembly. A current membership list shall be compiled at the beginning of each academic semester. If a member cannot attend an assembly meeting, and if advance notification of the absence is given, the member shall not be counted as part of the quorum for that meeting.
Section 7. Powers
The assembly, as the policy-making and legislative body, exercises general legislative authority and responsibility in all educational matters concerning the Morris campus delegated to it by the University Senate and the Board of Regents. The powers and responsibilities generally include the following:
A. To establish appropriate policies, procedures, and regulations governing the educational aspects of the campus program. Areas included are curriculum, library, honors, functions, admissions, graduation, teacher education, residential life, athletics, student activities, awards, financial aid, student behavior, and campus events, but not including the recommendation of students for graduation or graduation with honors---a power reserved for the faculty.
B. To establish and review the actions of assembly, adjunct, special, and ad hoc committees of the assembly.
C. To review the actions of the Executive Committee.
D. To receive and discuss reports from the chancellor and other administrative officers of the campus, or to request reports on matters affecting the campus.
E. To discuss and act upon any measure or question appropriate to the legislative body of the campus.
F. To delegate any of the above powers.
Section 1. Organization
The Executive Committee consists of eight members, including the chancellor as chair, the vice chair, and the secretary of the assembly. In addition, two faculty assembly members (including academic staff), two student assembly members, and one civil service/staff assembly member shall be elected by the assembly to the Executive Committee. A quorum consists of a majority of the members of the committee. Committee members are elected at a spring semester assembly meeting and serve for one year with the possibility of re-election. (See also, By-laws, Article III, Section 1.)
Section 2. Powers
The Executive Committee has the following powers and responsibilities:
A. To recommend membership and designate chairs of all assembly and adjunct committees, unless otherwise provided, during the spring semester for the ensuing academic year.
B. To prepare agendas and determine dates for meetings of the assembly.
C. To receive and coordinate reports and recommendations for action by the assembly.
D. To request reports and information for the assembly.
E. To apprise appropriate committees or the assembly of any matter the Executive Committee considers appropriate.
F. To offer to the president of the University, the services of the campus community for purposes of consultation in the selection of a chancellor for the campus.
G. To carry out other functions delegated to it by the assembly.
Section 1. Organization
A. There is a Campus Consultative Committee consisting of four faculty members (including academic staff); four students; four civil service members; and two ex officio non-voting members, the UMM faculty and student representatives to the Senate Consultative Committee. The chancellor and vice chancellors, division chairs, associate vice chancellor for physical plant and master planning, registrar, and directors are not eligible for membership. (See also, By-laws, Article III, Section 2.)
B. The Campus Consultative Committee consists of three subcommittees: the Faculty Consultative Subcommittee, the Student Consultative Subcommittee, and the Civil Service/Staff Consultative Subcommittee. Each subcommittee elects its own chair.
C. Except in E and F below, elected members of the Consultative Committee do not represent constituencies but act in the best interests of the entire community of the University of Minnesota, Morris.
D. The Campus Consultative Committee elects its own chair.
E. The Campus Consultative Committee may determine that particular matters of business can be handled best by the constituent-represented subcommittees or by individual members of the committee.
F. An individual has the right to choose the subcommittee or the individuals on the committee to whom the individual's business will be submitted.
G. The terms of office for faculty (including academic staff) and civil service/staff members are for two years with a maximum of three consecutive terms. The term of office for student members is one year. Elections are held in the spring in accordance with the by-laws. Interim vacancies are filled by special elections.
Section 2. Powers
The Campus Consultative Committee has the following powers and responsibilities:
A. To discuss with appropriate members of the campus community special problems related to instruction, research, personnel, service functions, student affairs, and finances.
B. To facilitate communication among the faculty (including academic staff), students, civil service/staff personnel, the chancellor, other campus administrators, and the Senate Consultative Committee.
Section 1. Organization
The Campus Grievance Committee consists of nine members. Three members of the Campus Grievance Committee shall be University Delegates, who are faculty members or academic staff members from outside the campus. The University delegates are appointed by the Senate Committee on Committees. Six members of the Campus Grievance Committee shall be College Delegates. The six College Delegates are representatives of the following units of the campus: two faculty, two students, one academic staff member, and one civil service member. Both sexes will be represented.
Faculty, academic staff, and civil service members plus one alternate person for each of these units are elected by their constituent bodies during spring semester and serve for two years with the possibility of re-election for a maximum of three consecutive terms. Student members and an alternate person are elected by students voting in the spring election and serve for one year with the possibility of re-election.
Members elected to the committee assume their duties at the start of the academic year following their election.
The chair of the Campus Grievance Committee is named by the University Grievance Officer from among the University Delegates.
Section 2. Powers
The Campus Grievance Committee shall hear, through hearing panels of three members designated by the chair, grievance cases arising within the campus that are referred to it by the University Grievance Officer. The composition of the hearing panel will reflect the University status (faculty, academic staff, student, civil service) of the parties.
Section 1. Organization
The Administrative Committee consists of the chancellor, the vice chancellors, the division chairs, and such other members whom the chancellor wishes to appoint.
Section 2. Responsibilities
The Administrative Committee advises the chancellor on matters affecting the administration of the campus.
Section 1. Organization
The campus assembly may establish committees to assist in the discharge of its responsibilities.
Section 2. Membership
The membership on all assembly and adjunct committees is recommended by the Executive Committee in accordance with the provisions of this constitution and its by-laws. The Executive Committee fills interim vacancies by appointment.
Section 3. Meetings
A. A committee chair calls meetings as often as required to discharge the responsibilities of the committee. A special meeting is called if requested by two or more committee members.
B. Committees submit a written report of their actions to the Executive Committee at least once during the academic year.
C. Minutes of all committee meetings are filed in the Office of the Chancellor. Copies are also sent to the Morris Campus Student Association.
D. A quorum consists of a simple majority of the voting membership of each assembly committee.
The assembly or the chancellor may establish ad hoc committees to undertake special charges which do not fall within the purview of the assembly and adjunct committees of the assembly. Ad hoc committees normally observe the same operational procedures as specified for other committees.
A permanent file of the minutes of all meetings of divisions, campus committees, and the assembly is maintained in the Office of the Chancellor. The file is normally accessible to all members of the assembly.
The assembly may amend this constitution by a two-thirds majority vote of its membership. It may enact or amend its by-laws by majority vote of the membership of the assembly. An amendment to the constitution and to the by-laws must be presented at a previous meeting of the assembly and distributed to all assembly members at least two weeks prior to the vote on its adoption.
Constitution approved by campus assembly, December 5, 1984.
Revised, November 9, 1992
Revised, November 1993.
Edited for Semesters spring 1999.
Revised, July 2005.
* The phrase civil service/staff should be interpreted to mean a number of the civil service or of those bargaining units for whom committee service is not precluded by terms of contract.


text:
Buy Cuban Cigars Online
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- St. Jacques
Bolivar History
About this Brand: Named after Simón Bolívar, Latin Americas great revolutionary hero, this brand appeared on the market in 1901 when the Rocha Cuban Cigar Company began production. Robust, strong, powerful and full-bodied, Bolívars are considered to be a seasoned smokers cigar.
The Rocha Cigar Company was notorious for producing worlds smallest Cuban cigar, the Delgado, measuring only 1 7/8 inches by 20 ring gauge, the smallest of the Havanas.
Cohiba History
About this Brand: Introduced in 1968 Cohíba cigars were meant only as protocol cigars made solely for Cuban officials and diplomats. Cohíba was not widely distributed until 1982 when 3 sizes were launched: Lanceros, Coronas Especiales and Panetelas. Then, 3 more vitolas were added to the brand in 1989: Espléndidos, Robustos and Exquisitos, completing what is known as La Línea Clásica. In 1992, 5 more vitolas were added creating the Linea 1492: the Siglo I, II, III, IV and V and recently the long awaited Siglo VI was released. Cohíba remains the King of the Cubans as well as Castros favourite smoke, before he gave up smoking.
Cuaba History
About this Brand: The name of this cigar is very old, and dates back to the times of the early Cuban settlers. This was the name of an indigenous tree in the island, featured by its excellent burning properties, that is still grown in the country. These cigars, which stand out by their pleasant aroma, outstanding construction and rich flavors. The cigars are pointed on both ends which lends outstanding combustion to the experience.
Diplomaticos History
About this Brand: Introduced in 1966, primarily as a less expensive alternative to the Montecristo, Diplomáticos is one of the few Havana brands which is exclusively dedicated to hand-rolled cigars. Its cigar sizes mirror the Montecristo nomenclature and they are duly produced at the José Marti Factory, as most of the Montecristo line.
Since its inception and due to the special blending of tobacco, Diplomáticos has become a most respected cigar with distinctively nutty flavors and a medium body. A most enjoyable smoke for cigar connoisseurs worldwide.
Fonseca History
About this Brand: The Spanish poet Federico García Lorca loved Fonseca cigars. Founded in 1891, Francisco Fonseca was the first producer to introduce the metal tube for individual cigars. A pioneer in his time he also created the first tasting room within the factory for his clients to test the selected blends as he also specialized in creating cigars for banquets and receptions.
Since the early years, the Fonseca brand became renowned and cherished for the quality and appearance of its cigars. It is the only Habano in the market which is wrapped in very thin and almost transparent silky paper.
Hoyo de Monterrey History
About this Brand: Established in 1865 by José Gener, a tobacco leaf grower in the Vualeta Abajo region, Hoyo de Monterrey is one of the greatest Cuban cigar factories on the Island of Cuba. Roughly translating to Valley of Monterrey this cigar is made from an extremely fertile area in the famed Vuelta Abajo region. Due to its silky richness, complexity of taste, great draw and balanced fragrance and flavor, some believe Hoyo de Monterrey Double Coronas to be the most sought after Cuban cigar ever made. Produced in 7 factories, Hoyo de Monterrey vitolas and the magnificent Hoyo de Monterrey Double Coronas are made with only the finest Cuban tobacco.
The Hoyo Série was introduced about 1970 and presents a stronger, full bodied flavor. For a real treat, try the Hoyo de Monterrey Double Coronas or the Hoyo de Monterrey Épicure No. 2.
La Gloria Cubana History
About this Brand: Introduced in 1885 by the Sociedad Cabañas y Castro, it was soon a success amongst cigar cognoscenti for their being well-manufactured Havana cigars of an excellent aroma, strength and palate. This brand has similar traits to those of El Rey del Mundo and of Rafael González. Together, they make up a triad of very well presented cigars in mid sizes and mild-mid to mid-strong palates, and an excellent quality-price ratio.
Rafael Gonzalez History
About this Brand: The first remarks on this brand date back to 1936 when it was registered under the name La Flor de Márquez. It was object of a relaunch in style in Spain, to become a highly popular brand in the important Spanish market. This is a premium, mid-strength cigar presented in very beautiful and pleasing wrapper colors.
Juan Lopez History
About this Brand: Juan López Sena created this brand in 1880. Manufactured in very small quantities, these cigars are characteristically woody and very pleasant on the palate. A mild cigar by Cuban standards, when allowed to age about 10-15 years the aromas become quite impressive.
Montecristo History
About this Brand: Launched in 1935 by the H. Upmann factory, the given name was a tribute to famed Count of Montecristo, the cigar smoking hero of Alexandre Dumass novel. Today, Montecristo is the most sought after cigar in the world, currently accounting for almost 25 % of Cubas annual cigar exports.
Known by cigar lovers as Monties, these cigars first appeared in 5 sizes: No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The sizes A and Especiales were added in the early 70s. Delicious, full-flavored and highly recognizable to the palate due to their unique tobacco blend and distinctive flavor. The Montecristo brand is also highly popular as the result of its exceptionally consistent quality.
Partagas History
About this Brand: Partagás cigars, were branded in 1845 by Don Jaime Partagás, and are known as one of the oldest and most well-known Cuban cigar brands. The supply of all these cigars always seems to fall short of the worldwide demand.
These cigars are characterized as full, rich, and filled with earthy flavors. Following a heavy meal, a Partagás Lusitania is the perfect way to relax and enjoy the afternoon or evening. Because of the outstanding quality of these cigars, they tend to be relatively expensive, particularly the aforementioned and sought after Partagás Lusitania.
Punch History
About this Brand: Originally intended for the British market and established in 1840 by Don Manuel López, these cigars have become the second oldest Havana brand still in production. The name was drawn from the famous comic book Punch & Judy. Mr. Punch, with his unmistakably sly smile and cigar in hand, still adorns the box of these outstanding Cuban cigars.
Standard bearers of quality, these cigars possess a spicy aroma and fragrant bouquet. They are medium-bodied cigars known for their superior construction and reliability. The tremendous popularity of Punch cigars amongst the British also trapped Sir Winston Churchill who, upon visiting the Monte y Zulueta factory during his stay in Havana, offered his name to a size of this brand.
Quai DOrsay History
About this Brand: Named for the famous bridge in Paris, this brand created in the 1970s was mainly produced for the French market. Light wrappers tend to adorn these smokes and the flavors are often of mild toasted tobacco and a mild sugary sweetness.
Ramon Allones History
About this Brand: Rolled in the Partagás factory, which specializes in full-bodied cigars, these cigars will not disappoint those looking for complex and rich flavors. Characteristics of the brand include lovely dark wrappers, excellent construction, near perfect combustion, a rich flavor and wonderful aromas. Ramón Allones cigars tend to be the perfect after-dinner smoke. These cigars age beautifully.
El Rey del Mundo History
About this Brand: The King of the World, or El Rey del Mundo was developed in 1848 under the direction of Antonio Allones. Renown for its silky smooth wrapper it was one of the most expensive and successful cigars of the 19th and 20th Centuries. Due to the success of the brand the company was soon renamed to El Rey del Mundo.
A classic medium-bodied Cuban cigar good for smokers of all levels, El Rey del Mundo boasts a mixture of the finest tobacco, rich bean flavors, and a distinctively floral aroma.
Romeo y Julieta History
About this Brand: Founded in 1873, the Romeo y Julieta brand used to print over 2'000 different cigar bands ! The Romeos are one of the most well-known and popular of all of the Havana brands. Over 40 shapes and sizes are produced, some of which are considered the very best in their size.
With so many different sizes and so much pressure on production, it is especially impressive that the entire brand continues to be appreciated as one of superior quality. The brand is also credited with introducing the Churchill shaped cigar, in honor of the famed British Prime Minister. British lore claims that when Churchill would meet with foreign heads of state, he would insert a straightened paperclip through the length of his cigar, allowing for an unusually long ash to hold. Because of this unnerving trick he would often disarm his guests during delicate negotiations.
Saint Luis Rey History
About this Brand: In 1940, this brand was registered under the name Zamora y Guerra. Known for their flavor ranging from mild to medium, these Habanos are hand made by experienced rollers, with most celebrated leaves from the Vuelta Abajo.
Bean flavors (vanilla, coco and coffee) are very present in all of these smokes. Made from the finest tobacco one will occasionally notice a subtle honeyed sweetness and a distinct grassy aroma typical to this line.
San Cristobal de La Habana History
About this Brand: The latest, and probably the last, of the new Series of Havana brands. Launched in 1996, these cigars have been given the original name of the city of Havana, when it was founded by settlers back in 1519, San Cristóbal (Saint Christopher) de La Habana.
The brand boasts 4 sizes, each of which is named after one of the fronts that defended the city in its heyday, as the hub of the Spanish empire in Latin America. 2 of the sizes, La Fuerza and El Morro, are entirely new and are unique to the San Cristóbal brand.
Sancho Panza History
About this Brand: Founded in 1852, Sancho Panza was named after Don Quixotes faithful squire in Cervantess famous novel. Sancho Panza is a uniquely delicate, elegant and very subtle cigar. They rank among the most consistently well-made Cuban cigars.and are well suited to occasional, beginner, or daytime smokers alike. All sizes are relatively mild. The brand is well known for its enormous A size Sanchos cigar and the pointed Belicoso cigar.
Trinidad History
About this Brand: Marketed for the first time in February 1998, when it was presented in Havana during the annual gala in which the Hombre Habano del Año Awards are bestowed, it was already known to connoisseurs all aver the world, since a variation of it, but with a 38 ring gauge, had been used since 1969 as a diplomatic present from the Government of the Republic of Cuba.
Vegas Robaina History
About this Brand: This brand bears the name of the property of the best Cuban tobacco grower: Don Alejandro Robaina. The San Luis area has the finest tobacco of the Vuelta Abajo region. Approximately 30 % of the tobacco exported from Pinar del Rio province uses Vegas Robaina (Robaina Tobacco plantation) wrapper, making the plantation a tobacco legend. These cigars are almost always excellently constructed, full-bodied and rich in complex tobacco flavors.
Vegueros History
About this Brand: An homage to the cultivators of the Vuelta Abajo plantations, Vegueros literally translates to harvester. It honours cultivators of the tobacco plantations in Vuelta Abajo who were anonymous artists for hundred of years.
These cigars are mild, slightly herbaceous and well balanced. They compare favourably to any of the more famous major brands at a fraction of the cost. Construction, quality and colors are second-to-none. Vegueros is a well-kept insiders secret.
H. Upmann History
About this Brand: The history of this brand began around 1840 when Herman Upmann, a banker and cigar aficionado invested in a cigar factory which served dually as a bank and cigar business. Following the failure of both companies in 1922, a British firm by the name of J. Frankau & Co. took over the factory until 1935 when it was sold to the Menendez y García Company... and so was the legend reborn.
Characteristically, H. Upmanns are mild to medium-bodied cigars great for the beginners palate. Their larger sizes are among the most coveted and sought after cigars in the world. A promising smooth, subtle and mild to medium smoke.
Por Larranaga History
About this Brand: Por Larrañaga is a brand with a long history. Founded in 1843, it enjoys a well-earned reputation for quality. These cigars have an unmistakable sweet taste which is the hallmark of this brand. Excellent cigars to smoke young, but equally, perfect to age.
Arturo Fuente History
About this Brand: Arturo Fuente cigars are known the world over for their excellence, because no one cultivates cigar filler and wrapper tobacco more scrupulously than Fuente. The Arturo Fuente line offers a medium-to-full bodied taste. Many of the natural-wrapped cigars feature Cameroon leaves with Connecticut leaf used for Maduros.
Ashton History
About this Brand: Ashton is one of the world's premier luxury cigar brands. Handcrafted in the Dominican Republic, Ashton cigars are made to the highest quality standards using only the finest aged tobaccos. With an infinite commitment to quality, consistency and excellence, Ashton is celebrated worldwide for the very finest in premium cigars.
St. Jacques History
About this Brand: The rich, dark soil that graces the Cibao Valley in the northern Dominican Republic is home to some of the finest tobacco grown in the world today. The ultra-premium St. Jacques Cigars are carefully blended and rolled with only the finest of this Dominican tobacco. What makes these cigars even more exclusive is the unique method developed by the St. Jacques craftsmen for aging these cigars in the Valais Canton of Switzerland. In order to allow the natural woody aromas to blossom to their fullest, all the St. Jacques cigars are aged for a minimum of 5 years in wooden Deborance barrels. These barrels are made from the rare Derborence wood from the Valley of the Diablerets and have been used in the area for aging wine and spirits for hundreds of years. The St. Jacques craftsmen have adapted these techniques for aging their cigars. This carefully monitored process results in a mature, aromatic and full bodied cigar. A combination of the finest tobacco in the world and the masterful craftsman ship and Swiss savoir faire, lend opulence and rich aromas to each cigar of the St. Jacques
CigarOne.com, based in Geneva, Switzerland, is one of the most trusted and revered on-line sources for premium hand-rolled, long-filler Cuban cigars. An extensive collection of Habanos coupled with a wide selection of Limited Edition Humidors available for sale, lend incomparable prestige and reverence to the site. Guaranteed shipping, a commitment to sell only the highest quality Cuban cigars and a very tailored customer service, places CigarOne on the top of every aficionados retailer list.
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Founded and operated by childhood friends and streetwear veterans Joe King and Jon Garcia, Rook clothing has quickly made a name for itself by releasing eye-catching tees, hats, sweaters, jackets, and more. If you feel like you recognize some of the art on Rook's signature tees, you probably do: between the two of them, King and Garcia have been involved with countless streetwear products over the past decade. Rook represents an opportunity for both artists to approach clothing design from their own perspective, without needing to fit a different brand's image. Rook celebrates art as a lifestyle, and their original designs strive to embody the individuality within all of us. With two of the best designers in the industry supplying the art, Rook is destined to increase its stature in the streetwear scene.
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Welcome to the Soapdom Message Boards!
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Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular (CVD) Risk in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Factors In Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury (SCIDS)
This study has been completed.
Carolinas Healthcare System
University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Jesse Lieberman, Carolinas Healthcare System
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: December 2, 2009
Last updated: July 27, 2015
Last verified: July 2015
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This study will look at dietary patterns in individuals with chronic spinal cord injuries and the relationship between these dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease risk factors. The study is a supplement to the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. The dietary history from CARDIA will be used. The investigators' primary hypothesis is the following: Greater whole-grain and dietary fiber intake will be favorably associated with adiposity (BMI and WC) and metabolic CVD risk factors (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, diabetes, hsCRP, TC, HDL-C, triglycerides, TC/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL-C, and systolic and diastolic blood-pressure) among a sample of individuals with SCI aged 38-50 who have been injured >1 year.
|Spinal Cord Injury
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Case Control
Time Perspective: Cross-Sectional
|Official Title:
|Dietary Patterns & There Relationship to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Spinal Cord InjuriesU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Jesse Lieberman, Carolinas Healthcare System:
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|38 Years to 55 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
100 individuals with chronic spinal cord injuries
Inclusion Criteria
- Male or female, black or white with SCI due to a nonvascular insult that caused an acute spinal cord injury (i.e. traumatic injury, transverse myelitis without a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, surgical complication, or benign neoplasm) at least 1 year prior to enrollment including ASIA A,B,C
- Age at time of enrollment: > 38 years and <55 years (i.e., on or after 38th birthday and before 55th birthday)
- Voluntary, informed consent of participant
- Participant willing to comply with the testing protocols and questionnaires
- Communication and comprehension sufficient for compliance with all testing procedures and measures Exclusion Criteria
- SCI of a vascular or malignant etiology
- Pregnancy, end-stage renal disease, treatment for cancer except for non-melanoma skin cancer in the past five years
- Injury < 1 years prior to enrollment
- Chronic, nontobacco substance-abuse
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01025609
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01025609
|United States, North Carolina
|Carolinas Rehabilitation
|Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28203
Sponsors and Collaborators
Carolinas Healthcare System
University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute
|Principal Investigator:
|Pamela Shreiner, PhD
|University of Minnesota - Clinical and Translational Science Institute
|Study Director:
|Jesse A. Lieberman, M.D.
|Carolinas Rehabilitation/Carolinas Medical Center
More Information
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Keywords provided by Jesse Lieberman, Carolinas Healthcare System:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Lieberman J, Goff D Jr, Hammond F, Schreiner P, Norton HJ, Dulin M, Zhou X, Steffen L. Dietary intake and adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury: a pilot study. J Spinal Cord Med. 2014 Nov;37(6):751-7. doi: 10.1179/2045772313Y.0000000180. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
|Responsible Party:
|Jesse Lieberman, Mentored Principal Investigator, Carolinas Healthcare System
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01025609 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|December 2, 2009
|Last Updated:
|July 27, 2015
Keywords provided by Jesse Lieberman, Carolinas Healthcare System:
spinal cord injury
cardiovascular disease
dietary patterns
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Wounds and Injuries
Cardiovascular Diseases
Spinal Cord Injuries
Spinal Cord Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Trauma, Nervous System
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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Hi all,
In Ko Tao for 10 days to relax. First thing I did after checking in was scout out Wat Ko Tao. It's one of those 'functional' monasteries and is very small - 2 monks and an old abbot who is ill, confined to his kuti and uses a zimmer frame to move around. Is only a 5 minute walk from where I'm staying.
From my broken English/phrasebook Thai discussion with Luang Por (addressed him as that by default - is that appropriate?) dana for the 2 monks is half 7 a.m. and he eats at 8.
I chatted with a Thai street food vendor who pointed me in the direction of Wat Ko Tao in the first place and she does both regular sandwiches (aimed at the catering crowd) and most of the Thai staples.
I'd be grateful for suggestions on appropriate dana please, that is 'safe' - i.e. nothing that may aggravate health allergies or medical conditions I'm unaware of - thinking plain old pad thai with no meat or peanuts.
In terms of drinks, should I offer them each a 1 litre bottle of water, or a coffee, or both? Or a fresh fruit juice instead?
Suggestions appreciated - I'm going to go there for Songkhran as well. There's another place on the island but it's quite a trek from Mae Haad where I'm staying.


text:
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Early operations
After the satellites are launched their Launch and Early Operations Phase (LEOP) begins.
The approximately week-long LEOP commences with crucial activities such as separation from their Fregat-MT upper stage - occurring approximately four hours after launch - orienting the satellites and the deployment of the satellites' solar arrays, proceeding into the gradual activation of platform systems.
Launch and Early Operations (LEOP) for the IOV launches is being run from the Toulouse LEOP Control Centre, operated by a joint operations team from ESA's European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany and the French space agency CNES.
Once LEOP is completed, the satellites are handed over to the Oberpfaffenhofen Galileo Control Centre near Munich in Germany, with navigation payload testing for the IOV satellites becoming the responsible of ESA's Redu ground station for the In-Orbit Test campaign.
Last update: 21 August 2012


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Top Ten Women In Horror (Video Games)
There's no where easier to find strong female protagonists in the horror genre than in survival horror video games. Their presence is plentiful and their roles important. For our "Women In Horror Week," The Blood Sprayer salutes these gems (in no particular order, mind you) with our "Top Ten Women of Horror Video Games!"


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Always keep in your mind as to what you believe to be consequences or punishments. While a certain action may look like either one, it is important to recognize the difference. Consequences, in my opinion, are great. Punishment....well, save that for the OM
I have read quite a bit and I'm a bit divided in this regard. We do punish everybody we can that breaks our rules (criminals). They also have to face the consequences (partly at least) of their crimes. This is an ingrained thing with most humans that some punishment is needed for an offence.
Why would it be different with a WS?
What is a justifiable punisment if ther is such a thing?
You could argue that you are trying to rebuild a M from an A but then again you could argue similar on Another offence.
What is bad with punisment if it is kept inline?
Obviously, if it goes to far it is not good but what is to far? Any punisment at all?
[This message edited by TOMTEFAR at 6:34 AM, February 27th (Thursday)]
If he does something that causes a consequence - one formulated to protect me, then how he views that is on him. But the intent is to enforce a boundary to protect me.
edited for typos (I always have to!)
When a spouse is punished it puts you in the parent/child role when what you need to be in is a team role.
So what would you consider an appropriate punishment, just for example?
1. Find another job.
2. No socializing on the job where women are involved.
3. No personal conversations with female co-workers.
4. Complete transparency.
5. His #1 priority had to shift to the marriage and his children. As a result, he also gave up his passion (a sport he had been involved in for 37 years).
Other minor things, but these were my conditions. My way or the highway.
Non-negotiable. I did not view them as punishment, and neither did he. After D-day, he realized the focus in his life had been in all the wrong, selfish places, and he willingly gave that all up.
All work and no play has just cost me my wife--Gary Puckett
D-Day(s): Plenty
Accepting that I can may end this marriage 7/2/14
Heading for D
I wonder if what you think would be appropriate punishments would be considered consequences by others?
This could be the case but then again I seem to be a bit tougher around here than others so I don't know.
I don't know what is appropriate. I'm conflicted here. I like the term Just compensation but I have problems figuring out what is "Just compensation".
Some things I Think are consequences. Things like:
* Change job if the AP works at the same Place.
* Complete transparency.
* Dropping of toxic friends.
* Exposiur to those the BS wants.
* Letting kids know that there is problems in the M and that it is the WS fault. (This to not have the kids start thinking bad things about the BS because the BS is acting up /angry/sad at home)
These things doesn't seem like punishment though to me. So I on one had feel that punishment is needed or the offence have no consequences but I don't know what would be acceptabel, if any.
Maby atonement for the offence would work as well? But then again what would the atonment be? Again it's very easy to bring that to far...
1-4 I Count as consequences.
5 is also a consequence if not done as a punishment. This depends on the "real" reason for you demanding this. If what you type is true then it is a consequence (and I do beleive you). It could easily be a veiled punishment if your reason is not the truth though.
There is a lot of things that could be classed as punishment. Most I don't agree with though but here are some things:
2 Controlling behaviour
3 Verbal "abuse" (I do Think this should be accepted as a release valve early on though.)
4 Restrictions in what the WS is allowed to do.
Anyways I'm struggeling a lot with this. One one hand I am for punishment but don't know what would be apropriate or helpfull.
This is the big shit sandwich we, as BS's, have to accept and eat, especially if we are reconciling. There is no justice. Nothing, absolutely, nothing can compensate for what we have endured or lost. There is no punishment or consequence that would equate to what any BS would say was justice.
"Oh, why do my actions have consequences?" ~ Homer Simpson
"She knew my one weakness: That I'm weak." ~ Homer Simpson
I get why that is appealing but it's not going to be a very good M.
When I really wanted punishment was after everything ended. I've just had to accept that I can't get it unless it's through fallout from his won actions down the line.
I dont think I even considered any type of punishment. But there had to be consequences to the affair, otherwise it would be like saying, oh, thats fine, let's move on.
I worked at home and my WW worked at a job. Since I was home, I used to do the dishes and sometimes start dinner. After DD, I just started saying the hell with being nice. If she wants the dishes done, she can do them or have the OM come over and clean up. Though I dont consider that any type of punishment, and if it is, I didnt look at it that way.
I do believe that many WS's think it is nothing but punishment when the BS needs to know the entire truth to every one of their questions. And that is not punishment, that is just another consequence of the WS's actions and lies.
I have read that some WS's believe it is nothing but punishment when their BS asks them questions over and over. Again, that is not punishment, it is a consequence.
Consequences are me D her and her one day realizing that she royally screwed up (well down IMO). For example, we went to a "baby reveal party" last August. Our friends were telling everyone about the baby and that "it" was a boy. Everyone there, except for the future grandparents, were my age +/- 2 years. So, if STBX ever takes her new boy toy to a party like that, he'll have more in common with the grandparents than anyone else there! Can you say "awkward"!
Whatever, I don't care what/who she does anymore. I just hope she doesn't screw up before we're D.
Oh, another consequence might just be me telling a few people that I know a little a story about STBX, her new boy toy, and their "friendship".
She did it, and by golly, she's going to own it.
[This message edited by RealityStinks at 10:00 AM, February 27th (Thursday)]
That is something that you will eventually have to come to grips with, or it will eat you up inside. There is never real justice.
But, if a wayward is truly remorseful, then they will punish themselves far worse than you or I could ever do. Think about it---they betrayed themselves--how do you come to accept that? I know some members in the Wayward Forum could answer that question.
As to your previous statement:
There is a lot of things that could be classed as punishment. Most I don't agree with though but here are some things:
Bad choice. You just crossed the line that made you a betrayed spouse.
2 Controlling behaviour
Could be either a consequence or punishment. It depends on the type of control.
3 Verbal "abuse" (I do Think this should be accepted as a release valve early on though.)
I'm good with that. Although in my mind, it is kind of a consequence...because initially, we are barely able to contain ourselves. Opinions may vary on this.
4 Restrictions in what the WS is allowed to do.
As it relates to gaining your trust back, that is absolutely a consequence.
Yes, justice is what I'm after. We do it by punishing wrongdoers. So how do you do that with a WS?
I guess for me the problem with punishment would be that it doesn't rebuild as healthy relationship, but one where all the power is with the BS.
Yes this actualy the core of the problem. How can you punish without razing the M?
My problem is that if you don't punish (get justice) you are also breaking the M, but from the other side.
I think once a WS comes out of the fog and realizes just what in the hell they did do and with who is punishment enough. The embarrassment, the realization, etc is bad enough. The consequences are bad enough.
I don't see this as punishment. I see this as a consequence of the A. So for me that is not justice.
The dishes I would consider a punishment but I agree with you on knowing all the details and questioning are consequences.
[This message edited by TOMTEFAR at 1:51 AM, February 28th (Friday)]
Yes I'm all with you. But then againto take Another example.
Say I murdered somebody. Would their relatives be OK with me, if I realy was remorsefull and punished myself, with me not getting any jail time?
I know it is an extreme example but it kind of illustrates the struggle I have.
I mean I Think it is just consequences that the WS is remorsefull. It doesn't realy do much for me in the justice department. It still feels like the WS got to do their thing and have no punishment for it and that is a realy hard pill to swallow.
I also Think about the following:
If there is no punishment what is to stop the WS from doing it again? We do have a justice system that, at least in therory, is there to stop people from doing bad stuff because they know that the punishment you might get is not Worth the benefits. It's a deterent.
Punishment on the other hand is a direct affect of another persons choice to inflict whatever harm they deem fit to ones action. If you kill someone, you run the chance of society executing you.
Now you may claim this to be simply word semantics. But I feel they are different. That's not to say that you cant insist on certain criteria that could lead to consequence in your list of R demands. A no brainer is that the WS loses their right to privacy after they cheat. When considering R the BS needs to think long and hard about what exactly it is they need to R. Then that package is offered to the WS and its up to the WS to accept those terms or not. If R is what you desire, I feel you need to back off the whole "punishment" idea. Punishment to me is nothing but a nice word for revenge. Its takes the anger off the inflictor and inserts it on the receiver. Perhaps another way to think of it is this. Consequences are reactions to people doing the wrong thing. Punishment are actions from the offended to inflict suffering. Two total and different mindsets. If your going into R to simply punish your WS then your intentionally inflicting pain on her just to get your pound of flesh. Just as her intentionally cheating on you caused you pain, your doing something just as bad to cause her pain. Very hypocritical thinking in that context. And if that's your intent your better off filing for a D. Just my .02 cents here.
To start, we are working on boundaries and appropriate consequences for breaking those boundaries. Earlier tonight, though it wasn't one we had gone over, she faced a consequence. She asked if she could fall asleep next to me, and, aside from dealing with everything, one of the hardest things I've had to do so far is to tell her no. She's put me in this place, I feel like shit, I'm not sleeping in the same room until I feel comfortable (or drunk enough) to. It's a consequence of her actions, even if we did have a really good talk prior to her asking.
As far as punishment, the first week she was back (this may be the weird part), I spanked her for lying to me. I didn't wail on her. I didn't break the skin. I let her feel my disappointment in her lying to me. Let her know what I was disappointed in while I was doing it. You'd have to know us to get why I somehow thought this was a good idea at the time. Though I will admit, I did feel a bit better at the time.
It wasn't until I really started looking at boundaries and consequences that I realized I was taking a parental role with my wife. I already have three kids, I don't need/want a fourth. Side note, I haven't actually spanked my actual kids in a long time, but they do know it is a possibility.
Now I am looking at what I can do as a consequence that doesn't seem like I'm a parent. Yeah, I can reevaluate the marriage, set up counseling, etc. but, not talking to them for a set amount of time, having them do extra stuff around the house, setting up date nights, seem, I don't know, parentalish.
I agree though, finding an appropriate punishment is hard. Really, the best I have come up with is her outing herself to her family, and that still seems like just a consequence.
Edit as this came in while typing:
If your going into R to simply punish your WS then your intentionally inflicting pain on her just to get your pound of flesh. Just as her intentionally cheating on you caused you pain, your doing something just as bad to cause her pain.
I, for one, am not going into R just to punish her. I'm not even considering myself to be able to be in R yet. It is something I am working towards. I also know I can not inflict as much pain to her as this A has caused me. Would I like my pound? Yeah. Not gonna get it. Still, I would like for her to be in some pain for the damage she has caused. Which I am seeing a bit through what I see as remorse.
I am not advocating extreme punishment. I still feel as something should be done though prior to R. I do not see how that can be just as bad as what the WS did. But, that could be the pissed side of me blocking the view too.
[This message edited by hurtingfool at 2:53 AM, February 28th (Friday)]


text:
Trash and Debris Clean-Up Continues
Office of Public Affairs
12000 Government Center Parkway, Suite 551
Fairfax, VA 22035-0065
Oct. 1, 2003
Trash and Debris Clean-Up Continues
Even though Hurricane Isabel has left the area, local residents are still raking, pruning and cleaning up debris left by the storm. The following information will help Fairfax County residents know what they can do with their trash and debris, regardless of who their hauler is.
Trash and Debris Pick-Up Frequently Asked Questions:
What is the status of trash collection?
County residents are encouraged to begin cleanup as soon as possible. Follow the normal guidelines provided by your trash hauler and prepare any tree limbs and debris according to their standards for collection.
Who do I call to get my storm debris picked up?
If you use a private trash collection service you should contact them directly for information on schedules and special instructions about pick-ups.
If the county is your trash hauler, bundle large limbs (6-foot lengths or less, and 6 inches in diameter or less) and other yard debris at the curbside, being cautious to place it on the curb and not block the roadway with large debris. Any brush that is bagged or placed in a container will be collected on your next regularly-scheduled collection day. Leaves must be bagged and placed on the curb as well. Please make sure that you place materials in an accessible location away from parked cars. Avoid placing materials under overhead wires that may prevent equipment and staff from accessing your trash.
What about appliances and other large items damaged by the
If you use a private trash collection service you should contact them directly for information on schedules and special instructions about pick-ups.
If the county is your trash hauler and you have large appliances damaged
by the storm, please call 703-802-3322, TTY 711 to arrange a bulk
pick-up. Please remove any food from no-longer-wanted freezers
and refrigerators and place spoiled food in your regular trash. The county cannot collect these appliances with food in them.
Can private haulers add extra charges for pickup of large items
and storm debris?
Yes. If you think the charges are unreasonable you may want to consider making arrangements for alternate services to remove the large items. A good place to start is the phone book. Look under the headings of Garbage, Rubbish, Trucking-Heavy Hauling or Trucking-Light Hauling for listings of these services. Before you sign on the dotted line, consider the following:
- Never let anyone into your home without proper identification.
- Make sure the operator has the appropriate licenses and insurance for the job. To check local licenses, call the Department of Public Works and Environmental Services at 703-324-1540, TTY 711.
- Check the operator's complaint history with the Consumer Protection Division at 703-222-8435, TTY 711. You can also check the Consumer Protection Division's complaint history information online at www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dtcs/consserv/complaint_history_welcome.htm.
- If you believe you were defrauded by the operator, contact the Fairfax County Police Criminal Investigations Bureau at 703-246-7800, TTY 711.
- Request references and check them.
- Get written estimates from at least 3 companies.
- Make sure the contract is specific and includes a completion date with a penalty clause.
- If the contract was signed in your home, make sure it includes a notice of your right to cancel within 3 days.
- Never sign a certificate of completion before the job is done to your satisfaction.
Is there anywhere I can take my trash and storm debris
Residents can self-haul trash, debris and recyclables to the facilities at the I-66 Transfer Station, 4618 West Ox Road, Fairfax or the I-95 Landfill, 9850 Furnace Road, Lorton. Please visit the county's Web site at www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpwes or call 703-324-5230, TTY 711 to check dates and times for service.
I have private trash service but I also pay the county a special
fee for leaf collection. Do I call the county or my private hauler to get
my leaves and debris picked up?
Call your private trash collection service. The fee you pay is for vacuum leaf service which begins in mid-October and is not being done now. Your private hauler must pick up storm debris.
When will the normal trash collection schedule
If you use a private trash collection service you should contact them directly for information on schedules and special instructions about pick-ups.
If the county is your trash hauler, normal trash and recycling service has already begun. Yard debris collection and bulk pick-ups for large household items may be delayed due to the heavy volume of materials placed out for pick-up.
What is happening with brush pick-ups in areas served by county
Scheduling of brush pick-ups has been suspended in order to give county collection crews a chance to clean up collection areas after Hurricane Isabel. County crews will be collecting brush from households located in county sanitary districts neighborhood by neighborhood; street by street for the next two weeks. If you have already scheduled a brush pick-up, that date is no longer valid. If brush is still at the curb as of Oct. 14, 2003, you may call back to schedule a brush pick-up at that time.
How do I know if I get trash collection from the
If you have questions about trash collection, would like to schedule a special pick-up or need to know if you are in a Fairfax County Sanitary District, visit our Web site at www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpwes/recycling/curbside.htm or call 703-802-3322, TTY 711.
If you use a private hauler but aren't sure how to contact them, a list of approximately 30 permitted haulers that are licensed for residential trash and recycling collection in Fairfax County is available on the county Web site at www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpwes/trash/dishaulers.htm. If you're not sure who your hauler is, call your Homeowner Association or property management company.
Where can I take hazardous
Hazardous waste can be taken to the Citizens Disposal Facility at 4618 West Ox Road, Fairfax or to the I-95 disposal complex, at 9850 Furnace Road, Lorton.


text:
As the economy slowly improves, the industry is again experiencing a shortage of technical personnel, and many MROs are finding that the demand for service exceeds their capacity to provide it. Chicago-based AAR has gone on the road recruiting for 200 technical positions in the Duluth, Minn. facility, and Premier Aviation of Trois-Rivieres, Canada, is also feeling the pinch.
"It's a challenge for the aviation industry these days. Everybody's advertising for people and the pool is getting smaller and smaller," said Dave Diggle, Premier Aviation vice president of marketing, sales and service. "We're not looking for [just] a handful of people. Given the opportunity to take on a significant number of people, we would hire them."
Concerned about the lack of technical talent in aviation, from pilots to mechanics, Aviation Workforce Development (AWD) and the Professional Aircraft Maintenance Association will host the Aviation Workforce Think Tank. Both AWD and PAMA believe that the U.S. aviation and aerospace industries must act now to retain their leadership positions on the world stage. As older workers move toward retirement or into different fields, new workers search to develop their careers, and incumbent populations hope to regain employment.
"The objective of the Think Tank initiative is to bring together a small group of key aviation and aerospace industry leaders to address this looming crisis, bring real-time action items to the agenda, and create measurements with tracking and reporting to monitor and follow through with deliverables to tackle this daunting issue," said Dr. Tara Harl, founder and director of AWD. "I would like to get people out of their comfort zone and persuade this industry to do something about the issue. One of our goals is to create a neutral competent organization."
The Aviation Workforce Think Tank will be held on May 7 in Minneapolis. The following organizations have committed to the project: Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association, Aeronautical Repair Station Association, Experimental Aircraft Association, Boeing, Jeppesen, Metropolitan Airports Commission (MSP), National Air Traffic Controllers Association, NBAA, Organization of Black Aerospace Professionals, United Airlines and Women in Aviation International. The Think Tank will be moderated by AIN journalist David A. Lombardo.
"PAMA is happy to have partnered with AWD on this unprecedented event. We're bringing the key alphabet organizations and companies together to discuss how to address the shortage of new employees we will be seeing worldwide over the next ten years. It is something that needs to be done and we are ecstatic about the cooperation we are seeing from the industry," Dale Forton, PAMA's president, told AIN.
Ryan (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 3:12pm
The root cause is the entry level wage for this industry. A person with an A&P is highly sought after by other industries including the oil and gas and automotive industries. If companies want to recruit better talent then they are going to need to raise the entry level pay. If not the pool of technicians will continue to shrink as they have to compete with the higher paying oil fields.
Brian Harrington (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 4:09pm
We Sr's in this industry all agree in my circle. Why would a young man or woman graduate A&P school and accept a wage consistently 25-35% lower entry level for aviation position when they can join automotive diesel and amusement industries for a much higher start wage. Do the math here folks the Love of Aviation and or the dreams of working for an airline to be able to travel the globe on a non passenger revenue ticket are non existent. The aviation love is still there but why not just work make more money buy your own airline ticket or pay for flying lessons with the extra money you make signing on with your first job at Disney or Six Flags. Auto technicians at dealerships are paid by flag hours they sell 20 hours worth of labor they bill 20 hours worth of labor and with experience and efficiency they will accomplish the task in ten or less hours. A&P Technicians can sign up for overtime and get time and a half then open that paycheck to view the stub and ask themselves why?
I hope the Convention goes well on May 7th I am looking forward to reading reviews about it. I certainly hope more than a few groups you mentioned are invited. I'm certain my company would like to send at least one or more of our 250+ highly trained educated with the majority having A&P's and MBA's among dozens of other degrees.
Mark Grady (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 5:22pm
While I completely understand the wage issues and arguments, I personally believe it is not the root problem. Remember policemen and teachers don't make career decisions based on income. Many pilots accept very low wages to get in the door.
The REAL problem is inspiration. Those of us involved in any way in aviation do a great job of selling our love within the family, but not so good outside the family.
With the right inspiration, I'm totally convinced we can revive the industry and all aspects of aviation.
John DeMario (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 5:39pm
Said it before, I'll say it again, stop treating A&P's, IA's, and Avionics personal like "unskilled labor"...as the government STILL has us listed as..., start paying us like we are sought after, and the problem will dissolve. I've been reading this crap about shortages since 1985...bottom line...there is no shortage of qualified AMT's, what there is is a acute shortage of leaders and senior management that understands and respects technicians. We evolved to a MBA based industry long ago...just look at any other industry that become dominated by bean counters and MBA's, they've all gone down the tubes, filed for chapter 13 or had to be bailed out by the government. Just ask AAR what they are paying, or virtually any other company out there, entry or senior level...then you won't wonder anymore why those of us with the skill sets sought after and the tickets to back them up flee to greener pastures.
John Gibson (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 5:54pm
I agree with the above: we get to this industry because we have a passion for aviation. If we did it for money, nobody would be a tech. That said, I made a very comfortable living. After I climbed the ladder, and got away from the FBO scene.
If you pay, you will have people. I once worked for an FBO early in my career. Loved the comany, loved the people, loved aviation. One of the owners, owned a ford dealership. His techs were paid more than my techs! I left, simply over money.
As long as government and FAA views techs as unskilled labor, nothing will change. Many alphabet groups are working hard to change our image. Much has been done, and I applaud the efforts being made. I work hard privately to promote aviation, and aviation maintenance. I try to find jobs for people, and people for jobs. There is a reason why so many techs are hired by other industries, right out of school! Our training provides qualified people that can turn their hand to many different disciplines. It saddens me that the FAA and our own industry doesn't share that value.
Andrew (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 7:06pm
The pay factor is an issue.Why move across the country for a position for $12 an hour, or at best $16 to get yor foot in the door. As a new AP tech,I have seen this.But worse the companies aren't taking new techs straight from school. It took me a year and a half just to find one company.These componies say they want more poeple. All they are taking is poeple with 5 or more years experince.With all that, why should anyone go into this feild with that much problem starting out.if they can even start at all. I love the maintence feild, hopefully oneday this issue gets fixed so others can too.
matt (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 7:55pm
I think the title to my response says it all. Aviation is becoming less and less competitive with the rest of the technical, vocational world as far as pay is concerned. As several responders have said, until the pay and QOL become competitive with other vocations, aviation maintenance providers will have problems getting people to work for them. No different than the alleged pilot shortage. Sooner or later the $99 New York to Florida airline fare is going to bite everyone in the behind.
matt (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 9:24pm
Sounds like you just answered the "challenge" you wrote about in your article. To bad the industry and aviation in general is so blind. I did mention QOL in my response.
Ron (not verified)
January 30, 2013 - 8:28pm
I have my A&P for 7 years now and I am forced to start my own business to make the money i should be making I went to several job fairs through NAA and they all wanted to start me around 15 - 18 dollars an hour. an airplane is an airplane they all fly they all pressurize the same way just some of the computers/engines are different ball park figure of course.
Andrew (not verified)
January 31, 2013 - 12:32am
As a senior A&P with over 30 years of experience I feel compelled to add my 2 cents worth to this discussion. In virtually no other field does so much ride on the technician (I loathe the term "mechanic"). We routinely work on aircraft worth millions of dollars often carrying hundreds of passengers in all conditions. Although I have made it up the ladder far enough to enjoy a pretty good job now, the following has been my experience in this industry and talking with my fellow journeymen I know I have not been alone in experiencing this. Let's start with the lowest wages they can possibly pay and still get a body with a pulse. The chance to buy thousands of dollars of tools out of our own pockets with no tax break allowed. To work outside in the rain and snow and blinding sun or inside in freezing hangars. To be forced to sign contracts in order to receive training that companies have to provide as condition of retaining their service center statuses and to have your wages included in the payback amount when you leave. To be subject to managers who truly can't manage and in many cases who are utterly clueless as to what you actually do. To be sent home with no pay when times get rough. To work with virtually no benefits. To be fired when we break over our allotted quota of expensive parts no matter what the circumstances. To be subject to random drug and alcohol programs with the very real possibility of a false positive ruining your career. To have to retain a lawyer in the aftermath of an accident and to be charged with felonies in the event the Justice Department can find one to pin you with. To be able to lose your license and your livelihood in the event the FAA brings an enforcement action against you. Not to mention being overworked day after day with no relief and black looks from management when you point out the safety aspects of having technicians wandering around like zombies. Sound jaundiced? that's because I am. I am also appalled at what I and my fellow technicians have had to endure to make a living in this industry. I've heard about technician shortages before and nothing is ever done about it. I'm afraid I feel that if there is a shortage coming it will be dealt with in the usual manner by our illustrious leaders by outsourcing maintenance overseas, cutting back on higher paid skilled personnel and using more unqualified people working under the ones that remain. I have two sons and I have consistently warned them away from this industry and I would give the same advice to anyone trying to get into it if asked -don't bother as it truly is not worth it.


text:
Silage losses due to spoilage are costly. Use the following 10 steps to minimize or prevent surface-spoiled silage in bunker silos and drive-over piles. These steps are provided by Keith Bolsen, a retired Kansas State University professor, who now operates a silage-management consulting business with his wife, Ruthie.
- Achieve a packing density of 13 to 15 pounds of dry matter per cubic foot in the top 3 feet of silage.
- Shape all surfaces so water drains off the bunker or pile, and do not exceed a 3-to-1 slope on the back, front, and side slopes. Seal the forage surface immediately after filling.
- Two sheets of plastic or a sheet of oxygen-barrier film are preferred to a single sheet of plastic.
- Overlap the sheets that cover the forage surface by a minimum of 4 to 6 feet.
- Arrange plastic sheets so runoff water does not come into contact with silage.
- Sheets should reach 6 feet off the forage surface around the perimeter of a drive-over pile.
- Put uniform weight on the sheets over the entire surface of a bunker or pile, and double the weight placed on the overlapping sheets. Bias-ply truck sidewall disks, with or without a lacework of holes, are the most common alternative to full-casing tires. Sandbags, filled with pea gravel, are an effective way to anchor the overlapping sheets, and sandbags provide a heavy, uniform weight at the interface of the sheets and bunker silo wall. Sidewall disks and sandbags can be stacked, and if placed on pallets, they can be moved easily and lifted to the top of a bunker wall when the silo is being sealed and lifted to the top of the feedout face when the cover is removed. A 6- to 12-inch layer of sand/soil or sandbags is an effective way to anchor sheets around the perimeter of piles.
- Prevent damage to the sheet or film during the entire storage period. Mow the area surrounding a bunker or pile and put up temporary fencing as safe guards against domesticated and wild animals.
- Regular inspection and repair is recommended because extensive spoilage can develop quickly if air and water penetrate the silage mass.
- Full-casing discarded tires used to anchor polyethylene sheets were the standard for many years. These tires are cumbersome to handle and messy. Also, standing water in full-casing tires can help spread the West Nile virus, which is another reason to avoid using full-casing tires.
For more advice on covering bunker silos and drive-over silage piles, read Shield forage quality in the May 2012 issue of Dairy Herd Management.
Source: Keith and Ruthie Bolsen