text:
Review of Mark Lawrence Kornbluh's Why America Stopped Voting (2000)Culture Watch
Somewhere around the dawn of the twentieth century, the political system reformed itself so badly that it may never recover. The law made voting cleaner, more orderly, more honest. The parties lost their grip over the election process and, to some extent, over the hearts of the electorate. At the same time, and not by coincidence, Americans dropped out of active political involvement in droves. More of them could vote than ever before; fewer of them wanted to. This is the story that historians have told, and with as many explanations for why and how it happened as there are monographs on the subject. Now Mark Lawrence Kornbluh brings that scholarship together and adds to it, in the first really comprehensive survey of Why America Stopped Voting.
An associate professor of history at Michigan State University, Kornbluh has
had this book years in the making, since it began as a dissertation at Johns
Hopkins, but the results are well worth the wait. Looking first at what partisanship
meant in the 1800s, and how it permeated white adult males' lives, this monograph
chronicles the transformation, rounding up the usual suspects and a good many
more besides. It turns out that many of the competing historians are right,
and mistaken only in deprecating rival theories of vote decline. Voters stopped
voting for various reasons including the party system no longer had the organizational
machinery or the set of rewards (the spoils, that is) to bring them out in force;
the press and popular culture turned partisanship into a dirty word; social
changes made politics so much less central to the public's sense of how to amuse
itself; the voting laws were changed to make it harder for would-be electors
simply to show up on Election Day and cast a ballot; American politics in the
1890s evolved into two sectional, uncompetitive one-party systems, instead of
a national, competitive two-party system; functions that once the party-run
state had done were taken out of the arena of competitive politics and handed
over to administrative agencies; and, the needs of the burgeoning republic were
growing too technical for political hacks to handle them, and too diverse for
grass-roots democracy to meet them all. The growth of an administrative state
only sped up as the partisan competitiveness diminished.
With no pressing need for spoils, and with laws on the books cutting into the range of those spoils, the parties no longer were willing to fight to the death to keep every function of government in their hands, and, with some of the most ticklish responsibilities, even welcomed the chance to be free of what might be a political liability if the voters had to pass on how elected officials had handled matters. But the more independent agencies made policy, the less reason voters had to reward or punish parties at election time--or even to show up at all. Government became something separate from politics and still more from the people. Somehow, in making good government, reforms had stripped it of its good name as a people's government.
Kornbluh is at his very best in analyzing voter turnout, using sophisticated methods and statistical techniques. He shows when the vote fell off and where, and by how much. This is no modest achievement. Nor is it so paltry an accomplishment to give a convincing, comprehensive synthesis of the reasons why and the mechanics of how this shift occurred.
It matters, if we are to appreciate the mess that American politics are in today, and how little hope there is of reversing the trend.
And yet, granting that America Stops Voting is a tremendous work of synthesis, and a very useful echo of many other fine books and discoveries (and, when it comes to statistical analysis a very good work of original scholarship in the decline of popular politics, South as well as North), the delving moles of the historical profession cannot read the endnote without a pang--however impressed and admiring they certainly will be. There can hardly be a secondary source that Kornbluh has missed. That is the book's strength, and the shadow of what many readers will find its weakness. To see how politics worked--and stopped working--there are so many other sources that capture both the life and the day-to-day meaning better than an article in a scholarly journal: legislative debates, memoirs, newspapers, congressional hearings, and private manuscripts, to name just a few. Anyone wanting to see vote buying in all its rich variety would do well to dip into the Houk Family Papers in Knoxville, and for the excitement, the hoopla, and the sinuous partisan designs behind so many reforms, newspapers like the New York Herald, the New York Sun, and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, to name but a few, hardly can be done without. Kornbluh has none of them. A quotation from the Congressional Record turns out to be a quotation second-hand, taken from a history of Republican administrative structures, but there are not even many of these. Readers hoping for a glimpse of the mysticism and fanaticism that stirred the heart and soul of the partisan, the white-hot passion of the reformer, had best look elsewhere. Those who are comfortable with vote-explaining formulae like "PPVI=[abs(P%Dy - P%Dy+4)] + [abs (P%Ry - P%Ry+4)]/2" will aappreciate the quantitative measures, as well as accepting them on faith. Those that love a mystery (one easily solved, fortunately, if one reads the text at the same time as the tables) will delight in pie-graphs labeled Figure 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, and so on, with no other explanation or title explaining just what the pie-graphs represent.
Copyright 2002 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For other uses contact the Reviews editorial staff: email@example.com.
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ryan - 4/22/2003
you're talking about things that have no real substance or backing. so stop talking..
Tom Kellum - 11/11/2002
If, as you say, the Republicans forced the Democrats to evolve; at least they have come much further along the way than the typical Republican.
Republicans still try to prevent minorities from voting, for goodness sakes. And, Mr. Belafonte had a point, didn't he?
Bill Heuisler - 11/11/2002
Mr. Kellum,
Clarence Thomas crossed my mind the other day. He was chatting with Condi Rice and Colin Powell about how Abraham Lincoln was a Republican, how the first black US Senator was a Republican, how the Republicans voted to support the 1964 Civil Rights Act and how many states whose banners incorporate the Confederate Battle Flag have been governed by Democrats.
Republicans have forced the Democrats to evolve, Mr. Kellums. There's still a long way to go.
Bill Heuisler
Tom Kellum - 11/10/2002
Although it has probably never crossed your mind, Mr. Heuisler, isn't it fair to say that the major difference in the recent history of the two major U.S. political parties is that the Democrats have evolved or progressed more than the Republicans have in the past 50 years?
The Bull Connors-style politician has thankfully lost its appeal to most Democrats today. Unfortunately, the Newts, Reagans ("Nice to see you, Mr. Mayor") are still very popular and emulated in the other party today.
Gus Moner - 11/10/2002
No one seems to have given but passing consideration to what may well be the main cause behind voter "drop out". It simply makes no significant difference, most - if not all the time- whether a Democrat or Republican gets elected (Asaf, I am sorry to disillusion you). Since party politics ceased to be ideologically distinguishable, there's little choice to be had in their gormless discourse.
In other democracies, even one ruled by the military as in Israel, various parties form a disparate, dynamic political spectrum. You get to select from a broad array of radically different views on major issues. You have real socialists, conservatives, centrists, left-wingers and the extreme left, environmentalists, religious and extreme-right parties. Parties formulate ideological platforms, and by golly, they implement them! People can identify much more clearly with a party espousing their heartfelt political views. They vote their ideological convictions, so there's motivation to vote. They are forced to cooperate in political coalitions, giving more people a say in government.
No Democrat or Republican will ever rise to upset the existing political applecart; they daren't offer true and significant changes to have the political system respond to the needs of times. People have been lulled and 'dulled' to political sleep, by everyone trying to be 'in the centre'. Where is the beef?
The Democrats lost the 11-02 elections because they failed to provide a clear and ideologically sound alternative position to challenge the Bush-Sharon RepubLikud platform. They let the Bush oil executive's views control the political agenda with inane war talk and sabre rattling coupled with large dollops of fear mongering in the run up to the election. It has been increasingly obvious how the US's foreign policy has become an appendage to Israel's 100-year Palestinian colonisation adventure. Yet not a peep has been heard from Democrats, undoubtedly afraid to lose massive campaign contributions. Everyone's feeding from the same trough.
For failing to exercise their political role of opposition the Democratic Party have been rightfully relegated to redundancy for the next bienium at least. What is nigh is the political equivalent to 'the end of history', the era of 'the end of politics'. Had the Democrats crafted an alternative approach to Iraq, fighting terror, international relations, economic and environmental policies corporate crime and healthcare they may have sparked the apathetic voters deluged with irrelevant nuances and chatter by both parties.
In the end, all we get from politicians are vacuous slogans and sound bites. No political party in the USA actually follows their platform. Can anyone cite or discuss any significant aspects of the Republican 2000 platform Bush ran under except tax cuts? The candidate is the platform.
No one is left wing or right wing. Everyone's a low-tax, tough on crime centrist. With the creed and values gone from politics there simply is no significant difference between the two parties with the chokehold on the system. It's an ideological wasteland in politics, with a 'one idea but two parties' system. The question is not why people don't vote, but rather why vote?
William H. Leckie, Jr. - 11/8/2002
All them thar suthu'n Republicans, they's what Dixiecrats used tuh be. Contemporary Republican politics have nationalized the agenda of the post-Reconstruction South, and they'd do away with progress in racial and gender equality if they could--note the tenor of the gubernatorial campaign in Georgia.
I also, on a less sardonic note, don't think personal reminiscence of recent history is all that bad a thing, and to return to the topic of this thread, if as historians we were able to encourage personal engagement with history, we might well engage the young civically as well.
David Richards - 11/8/2002
Mr. Asaf, I'm delighted that you voted and to make such a long trip is commendable. However, you misunderstand American politics. It is traditional - perhaps even expected that there will be conflict over which party or candidate best represents individual as well as national interests(intellectual conflict, I hope). Moreover, history can be used to support arguments for and against a particular view. The fact is that we have had wonderful elected officials that have represented liberal and conservative values(not at the same time!). I'm delighted that the Republican Party has a majority in both houses and time will tell if they use their power well. I would hope that our youth will develop a passion for politics and understand that their choice is important and should be the result of study, education, proper guidance and proper information. Unfortunately some voters lack education, refuse to study, have their facts distorted and end up misguided.
Bill Heuisler - 11/8/2002
Mr. Leckie,
Your muddled response proves my point: hatred confounds.
Everyone sympathizes with the fever-dreams of childhood, but you must get on with your life and face adult reality.
This is a history site. You said you were a Missourian. Whites only drinking fountains existed in your Democrat South. Your Democrat congressional delegation voted unanimously against the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Southern Dixiecrats were all Democrats. The Civil Rights act would not have passed without the votes of a majority of those Republicans you hate so much.
Remember J. William Fulbright? George Wallace? Sheriff Bull Connor? All racists,all Democrats, but you held your nose Tuesday and voted the party line just like a ward heeler.
Where are your principles? That youthful indignation?
Cling to the shibboleths of your peculiar creed if you must, but get the history right and drop the phony outrage. Mr. Mintz is probably watching.
Bill Heuisler
William H. Leckie, Jr. - 11/8/2002
Nixon a well-intentioned opponent? This is revisionism with a vengeance or the aid of some hallucinogen. As for regarding opponents as enemies to be demonized, wasn't it Newt who said liberals weren't real Americans? What kind of scurrility and nonsense has poured from the Right since the days of the John Birch Society and whites-only drinking fountains? Was I wrong to poke fun of those boys--them thar Texan patriots--back when I was a kid and my high school civics teacher was calling me part of a Fifth Column for the Reds who would take over a small town Texas phone company building any day now? Was I wrong to think the Right was both malign and more than a little nutty and conflicted, when my jaw hit the floor on a visit to the local 1960 Nixon campaign headquarters, where the son of the worker there, a doctor's wife, in tears screamed at me, embarrasssing her boy past shame, that if JFK were elected president it would mean socialized medicine and "the end of my marriage?" (Whoa! Good conservative, family-values-loving female patriot admits to being a wallet-chaser?) Just four years after vaqueros on the King Ranch were fired for voting for Adlai? In a town with a newspaper that called professors at the local college "pinks?" Where the US Navy sent out young ensigns to warn our neighbors to vote the right way or the communists would take over, violating the ban on military involvement in civilian politics? I mean, forget the later rise of the Chistian Right and that mellow fellow Rush or the chicanery of the crowd at The Spectator. I assure you, I have long and first-hand experience since youth of right-wing nastiness. Am I responding to a message from some alternative universe or what?
Asaf - 11/8/2002
In the last election back in 2000 I left my work and crossed the Atlantic, went early the next morning into my old nieghborhood in Jerusalem and voted against an appeasist and FOR a responsible man. Today I look forward to vote for the big guy again. The reason is simple. I care, Americans for the most part don't. They are constantly told that nothing will change, everyone is bad, one candidate is a crook and the other one is stupid, or that the devil you know is better than the devil you don't. Many good Americans think this is nonsence. They however are a minority.
Bill Heuisler - 11/8/2002
Mr. Leckie,
Your first argument - that the Republican victories will result in Democrat mobilization, solidification of opposition and louder obstructionism - is unfortunately correct.
Since the Vietnam War, modern Dems seem to regard Repubs as enemies rather than well intentioned opponents. Nixon, Bork, Helms, Watt, Reagan, and now W, are treated as evil foes - stupid and malicious - rather than Americans with contrary opinions about the continued prosperity of our beloved country.
You continually use the term "bi-polar" to describe the two-party system. Fine. Bi-polar means containing two contradictory qualities or opinions. Contradiction is good for our United States; malice is destructive. Hatred does not encourage polite colloquy or the participation of voters like Mr. Mintz.
Many Left Wing Dems hate free markets, suburbs, the military, patriotism...and this country's successes. Danny doesn't vote because he is constantly told by Dems and liberal talking heads that the U.S. is wicked, the West is malevolent and that humans in general are ruinous to Mother Earth.
Hell, we're lucky poor Danny doesn't kill himself in despair.
The two party system is the reason this Democracy has lasted two centuries. Parlimentary governments have been distinguished by their instability (excepting Britain which has remained "bi-polar" in spite of their system).
Lastly, disparaging "over the top" partisanship on the HNN site,
you apparently refer to robust opinions held by conservatives who reject mean-spirited, ad hominum attacks disguised as Leftist arguments.
Typical. The Left has always preferred no contradiction at all.
Bill Heuisler
William H. Leckie, Jr. - 11/7/2002
Mr. Richards had best recall the old Chinese curse: May you get what you wish for. If recent history is any guide, GOP control of the house and senate will lead to more changes in Democratic leadership, solidification of opposition, and much louder obstructionism of judges with the "judicial temperament" (for which read ideological purity), and perhaps to greater success in mobilizing the Democratic base in future elections as Republicans overreach, as they so famously have done.
My take is that the recent election results are a consequence of DLC-style Democratic centrists (really conservatives by the standards elsewhere) wimping out. That's partly because our politics has become so highly managed as a (literally) commercial, not a civic enterprise, with both parties striving to minimise turnout to undecideds at the margins. As a Missourian, I held my nose and voted for Carnahan, because her opponent was a character of dubious ethics and a suburbanized critter out of Dickens deceptively portraying himself as a moderate, and I think the public deserved a better, perhaps wider range of choices.
But partisanship in HNN commentaries has gone over the top. Acknowledging this is not a new thought, I'd suggest that there's been a growing, structural obstacle to participation built in since the the Early Republic--the winner-take-all election, which forces bipolar organizations on us. Its much-vaunted contribution to political stability is belied by the "reforms" required by elites to control access and the decline in voter participation that has accompanied them in the past century, and and recourse to that judiciary Mr. Richards is so enthused about in the very recent past. We have the collapse of that bi-polar formation in the 1850s, when those impediments to the franchise did not exist, as the real trump to defense of our two-party system.
Efforts at opening up choices such as the instant runoff can be manipulated (as the GOP did in Louisiana). It's time we took proportional systems seriously.
David Richards - 11/7/2002
Danny - Please don't vote. It might diminish my vote in which I will do my best to empower my party to select judges that have the right constitutional temperment, develop a foreign policy that reflects my values, pass legislation that addresses social issues in a manner that is consistent with my thinking and a host of other legislative issues that are on my political agenda. I suspect the nation will take a different path from the past two years now that the Republican Party controls the Senate and House. Remember the "New Deal", "Great Society" et al were the result of voters.
E.T. Strobridge - 11/7/2002
Bad guess Danny! I would guess that those Americans that choose not to vote are just plain lazy. Too lazy to really study the issues and consequently don't really understand what is going on, who are the enemies to their freedom and generally leave to the next guy (that does vote) to protect their freedoms and best interests. Look at the special interests (Unions, Minority groups, gender groups, the dead and missing and the like) that try to turn out the vote using supporters who dont have the slightest idea why or what they are voting for just as long as someone else tells them what to do. Too much of that Danny, your country needs your input and support and even though an election may not go your way, you will never know, that one vote may have made a difference. I know that I sure do not want someone else making decisions for me, so win,lose or draw I will continue to keep voting every time the oppertunity presents itself. Wish you would reconsider your opinion and excercise your right to vote.
Danny Mintz - 11/6/2002
I haven't done the research, but I'll guess that most Americans don't vote because we know it doesn't matter which party wins.
To take just one current issue, Iraq: Both Bushes have bombed it, but so did Clinton. The current debate in Washington on expanding war into Iraq revolves around whether it will be cost-effective. This is strictly a technical question. Maybe it will be cost-effective; perhaps it won't. But neither party is discussing the morality of mass killing of innocents.
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If your livelihood centers around agriculture, you probably believe you are pretty fortunate. There's that lifestyle thing, which many farmers and ranchers mention as one of the top reasons they keep plugging away despite the increasing challenges of the vocation. And you may count yourself as fortunate because so many other farms have simply disappeared over the past couple of decades.
If you're making ends meet in agriculture, so much the better, because, well, farming is really not that difficult. In fact, agriculture, even on a global scale, is pretty simple, or so some would have the world believe.
This week we can add Prince Charles to the list of those who have convinced themselves that there's nothing wrong with agriculture that turning the clock back about a half century wouldn't solve. On a visit to Washington, D.C. last week (home of one of the world's most famous organic gardens), the Prince of Wales "spoke passionately about organic and sustainable farming" to Georgetown University students.
In his speech at the Future of Food Conference, Prince Charles criticized U.S. government subsidies for large-scale agriculture and encouraged more government and business support for organic and environmentally-friendly food production.
Charles said rising hunger and obesity problems around the world are an "increasingly insane picture" and proposed that production agriculture use fewer chemical pesticides, artificial fertilizers and antibiotics. He also criticized industrial pollution and global dependence on oil.
Because Prince Charles is, well, Prince Charles, everything he does and everything he says makes news. Granted, much of Charles' actions a decade or more ago was more fodder for the tabloids than the business pages, but his actions remain highly influential on a global scale. That's why it's disappointing to learn that he has decided to promote arguable — if not questionable — theories about modern agriculture.
To be fair, Prince Charles is, among many things, a farmer. That's right. In 1986, the Prince decided to convert the Duchy Home Farm to a "completely organic system to demonstrate the environmental and commercial benefits."
According to information on Home Farm's website, "Home Farm is not only a successful and viable working farm, but is a flagship for the benefits of an organic, sustainable form of agriculture."
Now, I've met a good many farmers in my time, but Prince Charles just doesn't strike me as one who would fit into that crowd. When you visit with a farmer or rancher, a good gauge of his or her knowledge is often the mud on their boots and the calluses on their hands, not the silk in their tie. I could be wrong, but it's hard for me to visualize the Prince of Wales with sweat on his brow and dirt under his fingernails.
I have no doubt, however, that Prince Charles is sincere in his wishes that starving people be fed and obese people become healthier. It's just that so much of what he said at Georgetown last week will be taken out of context by others who haven't the foggiest notion about anything involving sunshine, animals or soils, and how those basic ingredients are the foundation of the world's economic and life-sustaining engine.
For instance, Prince Charles repeated a common gross exaggeration about beef's water usage. "For every pound of beef produced in the industrial system, it takes 2,000 gallons of water," he said.
Actually, Prince Charles' figure is much closer to reality than some of the other false claims out there, but researchers at the University of California-Davis, led by professor Jim Oltjen, determined that producing a pound of beef actually requires 441 gallons of water. That still sound high? Consider that a pound of rice requires 403 gallons of water.
All of this is not to say agriculture can't do better. Chemicals and fertilizers must be used judiciously, and we must seek more ways to reduce agriculture's use of fossil fuels. But we must also recognize that feeding our world's growing population is a daunting task. We must use the available technology or face more political unrest over food costs and food shortages.
None of the world's great problems were ever solved by turning the clock back. There's no evidence to suggest it will help us increase food production on a global scale.

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HOUSTON - Wednesday is the first day of hurricane season, and CenterPoint Energy demonstrated what can happen to people who touch a downed power line.
CenterPoint Energy officials said safety around power lines should always be the No. 1 priority during tropical storms and hurricanes.
"The normal outcome of high-voltage on electrical contact is third-degree burns, six-degree burns where your bones can burn up inside, dismemberment or you could possibly die," said Greg Dietrich with CenterPoint Energy.
On a 7,200-volt power line, workers demonstrated the dangers of a live wire on hot dogs, branches and rope.
"The electricity just doesn't burn your finger. As the hot dog is simulating, it also will go down your body and burn anything it comes in contact with," said Dietrich.
After Hurricane Ike, between 2.1 million and 2.3 million CenterPoint Energy customers were without electricity. It took the company 18 days to completely restore power. Strong winds and heavy rains caused many power lines to go down.
CenterPoint Energy officials released a list of how long it could take for power to be restored after a hurricane hits.
- Category 1 (winds 74 to 95 mph): 7 to 10 days
- Category 2 (winds 96 to 110 mph): 2 to 3 weeks
- Category 3 (winds 111 to 130 mph): 3 to 5 weeks
- Category 4 (winds 131 to 155 mph): 4 to 6 weeks
- Category 5 (winds 156 mph and up): 6 to 8 weeks
CenterPoint Energy has linemen and tree trimmers from around the country on standby to help after a hurricane strikes.
It is not always possible to tell if a downed power line is electrically energized. CenterPoint Energy officials said to never touch a power line and report any downed line to them by calling 713-207-2222.
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Niles officials working to get out of financial emergency
The City of Niles Planning Commission is taking their next step on the road to financial recovery.
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The City of Niles Planning Commission is taking their next step on the road to financial recovery.
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A Study to Find the Best Dosing Schedule for Delavirdine, Zidovudine, and Indinavir in HIV-Positive Patients
This study has been completed.
Pharmacia and Upjohn
Information provided by:
NIH AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: November 2, 1999
Last updated: June 23, 2005
Last verified: April 2000
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Detailed Description:
The purpose of this study is to see whether it is better to take delavirdine (DLV) plus indinavir (IDV) plus zidovudine (ZDV) twice a day or three times a day.
|HIV Infections
|Drug: Indinavir sulfate Drug: Delavirdine mesylate Drug: Zidovudine
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|An Open-Label, Parallel Group, Pilot Study of Safety, Tolerance, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of BID and TID Regimens of Delavirdine Mesylate, Zidovudine, and Indinavir Sulfate in HIV-1 Infected Individuals
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS
Drug Information available for: Zidovudine Delavirdine mesylate Indinavir Indinavir sulfateU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by NIH AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service:
|Estimated Enrollment:
Patients are divided into 2 treatment groups; the groups are balanced with respect to viral load. Group A receives ZDV, DLV, and IDV 3 times daily. Group B receives ZDV, DLV, and IDV 2 times daily. Patients are evaluated for changes from baseline in viral load and CD4 cell count.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|14 Years and older (Child, Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria
You may be eligible for this study if you:
- Are HIV-positive.
- Have a viral load (level of HIV in the blood) of at least 20,000 copies/ml.
- Have a CD4 cell count of at least 50 cells/mm3.
- Are at least 14 years old (consent of parent or guardian is required if under 18).
Exclusion Criteria
You will not be eligible for this study if you:
- Have ever taken an anti-HIV drug other than ZDV.
- Have taken ZDV for more than 1 month.
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00002236
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00002236
|United States, California
|AIDS Healthcare Foundation
|Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
|UCSF AIDS Research Institute
|San Francisco, California, United States, 94105
|United States, New York
|Saint Luke's - Roosevelt Hosp Ctr
|New York, New York, United States, 10019
|United States, Pennsylvania
|Anderson Clinical Research
|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
|United States, Tennessee
|Univ of Tennessee / Div of Infect Dis / Dept of Med
|Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38165
|United States, Virginia
|Infectious Disease Physicians Inc
|Annandale, Virginia, United States, 22203
Sponsors and Collaborators
Pharmacia and Upjohn
More Information
Keywords provided by NIH AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00002236 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|November 2, 1999
|Last Updated:
|June 23, 2005
Keywords provided by NIH AIDS Clinical Trials Information Service:
Drug Therapy, Combination
Drug Administration Schedule
HIV Protease Inhibitors
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Anti-HIV Agents
Viral Load
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Anti-HIV Agents
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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'Predictably, Jagr downplayed his confrontation with Hlinka. The conversation was in Czech, but sources said both raised their voices outside the Pens' dressing room and it appeared anything but friendly. At one point, Hlinka walked away with his arms folded in apparent disgust while Jagr pointed a stick toward his coach.'
You are here: Home / SabresBeat / Jagr likely to sit again


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Hi everyone!
I was listening to a talk by Ajahn Sujato on the Devadatta legend and, while discussing Nalagiri rampaging through the town square, references the Buddha telling the townsfolk to "chill out" when they try to warn him of the plot. He follows this up by saying the Pali is literally "become cool" and he gives a phrase that sounds to my ears like it may be spelled "sitthi bhutam" or something similar. Does anyone have any more knowledge on this?
I have searched both the phrase and the given translation and am not coming up with anything. Thank you very much!


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TIME: 5:30-7pm
The Capital City Men's Chorus (TCCMC), directed by Mary E. Myers, is conducting a membership drive for the 2013 spring season.
The Capital City Men's Chorus is open to any male with a musical interest that is 18 years of age or older. Membership in the TCCMC is open to any musically qualified male who enjoys singing and is willing to give of their time and talents necessary to make each concert a source of pride for all members.
The Capital City Men's Chorus holds rehearsals every Sunday evening from 5:30 p.m. – 7 p.m. at the Laurel United Methodist Church (corner of Walnut and South Grand, third floor choir room) Springfield, Ill.
Join us for the start of our first spring rehearsal/audition on February 3, 2013 and help us prepare for our May 19, 2013 concert.
We would love to have you sing with us.
Discover who we are at: http://tccmc.org
Or contact us at: email@example.com


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Episode 44 of Disc Golf Live video magazine has been uploaded to Youtube and is now available for viewing. This episode features footage from the Am Nationals, a tour of Renny Original (a Worlds 2012 course) provided by the Clash, featuring Michael Johansen. The Scandinavian Video Mafia checks in with some SDGO footage, and we also get a look at the Darkside course at the Blockhouse (formerly, "the Grange") in Spotsylvania, VA, another feature courtesy of the Clash. (This Clash battle pits Brian Skinner and Stan McDaniel vs. Brian Schweberger and Al Sugar Schack.)
Thanks to the Mafia and Clash for supporting our efforts to grow the game of disc golf by providing great footage. While we're glad disc golfers all over can catch our show on Youtube, we're really looking for broadcast opportunities on local and community access TV stations to expose newcomers to our favorite game. DGL is already broadcast on many stations, but we always welcome new outlets, big or small. If you have community TV in town, contact them and see what it takes to get a show on the air and then drop us a line. We always provide our broadcast DVDs for free and also underwrite free program downloads at pegmedia.org. Here are the two parts of this episode:
Thanks for tuning in.


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Alleged squatters leave home then bolt from questions
PORTLAND, Ore. - For the past nine months a group of people has taken over the home of a 66-year-old school teacher and Portland police say they're part of a radical arm of the Occupy Movement.
The house is in the 6100 block of North Mississippi.
Last August the homeowner, Gloria Johnson, got a letter from her bank saying she had three months to get out, but that letter was bogus and she now wonders if the people living in her home were the ones who sent it.
"It (the letter) said they were selling the property, and I had three months to evacuate," Johnson said.
Johnson moved out immediately and a few months later she discovered the bank didn't send that letter but there were already new people living in her house.
Police went to the home Thursday morning to serve a warrant. Within an hour the first of three people who were living in the home, rent free, came out.
"It was like they planned this," said Johnson. "They just sat down and methodically planned how they were going to take advantage of someone else."
Two men who came out of the house denied to a reporter they sent the bank letter.
One woman said she had been living in the house for four months and also denied she knew anything about the letter.
Four months ago, the woman, Kerry Cunneen, was arrested for squatting in a home on North Minnesota.
Police said inside that home they found anarchist materials, literature on how to pick a lock and addresses of other vacant homes.
Officers at Thursday's scene said they recognized the people as serial squatters who have been targeting homes across Portland.
Inside Johnson's home, police said they found evidence that the group is keeping its eyes on other homes, noting when lights are off and when people are home and when they are gone. The alleged serial squatters didn't want to talk about that either.
Johnson said she came back to her home months ago and another man who was squatting here told her the bank did take the house and that they were living here and making repairs for a property management company.
According to Bank of America, it never mailed an eviction letter, and KATU News found property records showing the home is still in Gloria Johnson's name.
KATU News reporter Meghan Kalkstein contributed to this report.


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Adoption fee includes basic vaccinations, worming, flea treatment, feline-leukemia/FIV test, heartworm test, spay/neuter (done prior to leaving), rabies vaccination and a microchip
There is a contract and all potential adopters meet with adoption counselor to talk about application and make sure pet is good fit with the person and family. A "meet and greet" is required with all family members and the pet prior to finalizing the adoption application. If someone is adopting a dog and has another dog at home, we also require a "meet and greet" for the dogs as well. All animals in the home must be up to date on vaccinations prior to new pet going home. We do not adopt to people who will keep the pet outside exclusively. We may do a home visit either pre or post-adoption. Animals adopted from us are not be sold or given to another person. We verify all information on the adoption application and may deny an application with any false information on it. A follow up call or visit is done on all adoptions within first 30 days of adoption.
Thank You!
Your message has been sent to Humane Society of Wicomico County.
You'll receive a copy, too, at to help you keep track of which pets you've inquired about, and which shelters and rescues you've emailed.
NOTE: Some shelters have physical locations you can visit; some of these shelters may only have pets for a limited time, so please do not wait for a reply—just go visit the shelter! Other organizations are rescue groups run by busy volunteers who may take a while to reply. You can find information about the shelter or rescue group caring for this pet, and their adoption procedures, on the pet's details page on Adopt-a-Pet.com.


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found a new home!
Plenty of my friends are looking
for one too. Find a pet to adopt.
I am purebred.
Suzie, a Lancaster Beagle dog was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Beagle for sale in Lancaster, or seeking a Beagle dog from a breeder in Lancaster.


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Skyjacker Leaf Springs
These tapered and flexible leaf springs by Skyjacker and Tuff Country both provide a smooth ride and lift for your vehicle.
Please note that ALL leaf springs are SOLD INDIVIDUALLY.
F100/F150 1973-1996 Ford 6-8" Rear 4WD Leaf Spring
Regular Price: $400.58
Special Price $352.51


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Male Breast Cancer: Understanding the Biology for Improved Patient Care
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Rationale: Gathering medical information and tumor samples from patients with male breast cancer may help doctors learn more about the disease.
Purpose retrospective part: to perform a large international retrospective analysis of clinical and biological data of male BC patients treated in the participating centers from 1990 to 2010.
Purpose prospective part: to create a registry of men with breast cancer for a period of 30 months (starting early 2014).
|Breast Cancer
|Study Type:
|Observational [Patient Registry]
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Case-Only
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Target Follow-Up Duration:
|10 Years
|Official Title:
|Clinical and Biological Characterization of Male Breast Cancer: an International EORTC, BIG, TBCRC and NABCG Intergroup Study.
- Clinical outcomes: survival, progression free survival, time to locoregional relapse, time to distant relapse, time to second primary. [ Time Frame: end of study ]
- Patient and disease characteristics. [ Time Frame: end of study ]
- Patterns of treatment offered to these patients [ Time Frame: end of study ]
- Biological characterization of the disease [ Time Frame: End of study ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|December 2010
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|March 2027
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|February 2027 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Objectives retrospective part (closed to patients registration in September 2013):
- To perform a large international joint retrospective analysis of clinical and biological data of male breast cancer (BC) patients treated from 1990 to 2010.
- To create a database of patient characteristics, disease features, treatments received, and clinical outcomes of a large series of men diagnosed with BC from 1990 to 2010 in centers in Europe and USA.
- To perform a central pathological review of the corresponding large series of male BC tumors to determine their biologic characteristics and identify relevant prognostic and predictive markers.
Objectives prospective part (opened early 2014):
- To run a prospective registry of all male BC patients (including newly diagnosed) irrespective of the stage and treatment, in the participating institutions for a period of 30 months; collection of FFPE, fresh frozen and blood samples is optional but highly encouraged.
- Quality of Life sub-study
The two parts of this study will provide important information regarding male BC biology and clinical evolution. The collected follow-up information will provide an overview of the current practice in the early and the advanced disease and also offer precious information of the disease evolution in such rare patients' population.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Retrospective part: males with histologically proven invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed since 1990 to 2010.
Prospective part: all men, with histologically proven invasive breast cancer, newly presenting at the center irrespective of the stage of disease, initial diagnosis date or treatment received.
Retrospective part (closed to patients registration):
- Men with histologically proven invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed since 1990 to 2010.
- A FFPE tissue sample from the primary tumor (e.g. biopsy or surgery) is mandatory
Prospective part:
All men, with histologically proven invasive breast cancer, newly presenting at the center irrespective of the stage of disease, initial diagnosis date or treatment received.
- patients cannot be registered in both the retrospective and protective parts of the study
- patients who newly present at the center in the 3 months prior to center activation are still eligible as long as they were not previously included in the retrospective part of the study
- Before patient registration, written informed consent must be obtained according to ICH/GCP, and national/local regulations.
- Collection of left-over FFPE and frozen tumor samples as well as blood is optional.
Both parts:
- Concomitant DCIS or LCIS are allowed only if invasive cancer is present.
- Patients should be 18 years or over at the time of diagnosis.
- The study will accept all stages of disease (e.g. early BC, locally advanced and metastatic disease) independent of the treatment received. Patients with past or concurrent other malignancies are eligible.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01101425
Show 93 Study Locations
|Study Chair:
|Fatima Cardoso, MD
|Champalimaud Cancer Center (Portugal)
|Study Chair:
|Sharon H. Giordano, MD, MPH
|M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (TX, USA)
|Responsible Party:
|European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01101425 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|April 9, 2010
|Last Updated:
|September 7, 2017
Keywords provided by European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC:
breast cancer
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Breast Neoplasms
Breast Neoplasms, Male
Neoplasms by Site
Breast Diseases
Skin Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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The First Coast Collegiate Chapter at UNF is a campus organization affiliated with the Association of Fundraising Professionals (AFP). This organization provides networking and relevant career experience to UNF students who are interested in a career in the nonprofit industry or who are tasked with raising money for their on-campus organization.
This is an excellent networking community for all members regardless of their interest.
The Association of Fundraising Professionals represents more than 30,000 members in 206 chapters throughout the world, working to advance philanthropy through advocacy, research, education and certificate programs. The association fosters development and growth of fundraising professionals and promotes high ethical standards in the fundraising profession.
Through membership of AFP, collegiate members have the opportunity to complete and receive a fundraising certificate from AFP International Headquarters. Completion of this Certificate is a way to communicate your comprehensive understanding of fundraising by demonstrating your commitment to ethical and effective fundraising practices through education, work and volunteer experience.
The program is designed to be achievable in one year, but you may take up to three years to complete the criteria if desired. You are responsible for tracking, documenting and providing information for each section on the attached tracking sheet. This is an opportunity you DO NOT want to have absent from your resumé.
The possibilities are endless.
Please fill out the two applications and email to email@example.com or drop by Alumni Hall, Room 2218.
AFP UNF Chapter Application
AFP International Application
Copyright © 2017 University of North Florida1 UNF Drive | Jacksonville, FL 32224 | Phone: (904) 620-1000
Contact |
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Note: This item is more than 12 years old. Please take the publication date into consideration for any date references.
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News Release
Media Contact: TPWD News, firstname.lastname@example.com, 512-389-8030
May 31, 2005
State Parks Lure Anglers During Family Fishing Celebration
AUSTIN, Texas — Lazy summer days and fishing just seem to go hand in hand, so it's the perfect time to take advantage of the Family Fishing Celebration that allows fishing without a fishing license in Texas state parks.
The Family Fishing Celebration was launched to encourage families and others to fish at more than 70 state parks without having to purchase a fishing license and required stamps.
Houston postal workers B. E. Lewis and K. R. Colwell were found taking advantage of the Family Fishing Celebration on a recent spring morning by doing some bank fishing at Fort Boggy State Park near Centerville. They said they appreciate not having to have a fishing license and stamps to try their luck at reeling in some bluegills from the park's 15-acre lake.
"We like having the lake all to ourselves this morning," Lewis said. "On our days off, we come up here several times a year just to fish and relax."
Academy Sports & Outdoors is the exclusive retail sponsor of this year's promotion that runs through Labor Day. In addition to providing funding, Academy has provided state parks with bobbers and kids' fishing starter kits that will be given away as prizes at Family Fishing Celebration events held this summer at several Texas state parks.
A number of state parks across Texas will be holding special FFC events on June 4. They are: Cooper Lake's South Sulphur Unit (Sulphur Springs), Eisenhower (Denison), LakeArrowhead (Wichita Falls), Lake Whitney (Whitney), Martin Dies, Jr., (Jasper), McKinney Falls (Austin), Purtis Creek (Eustace), Sabine Pass Battleground (Sabine Pass) and Tyler (Tyler).
A complete list of state parks offering fishing opportunities and dates of upcoming FFC events and seminars can be found on the TPWD Web site or by calling (800) 792-1112.
The FFC's license-free angling in Texas state parks applies only to bank and pier fishing, and to boat fishing in bodies of water totally contained within the boundaries of a state park, such as Lake Raven in Huntsville State Park and Park Lake in Buescher State Park. The fishing license waiver does not apply to anglers who launch boats from state park property to access an adjacent lake or other water body because it does not apply outside state park boundaries.
On the Net:
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Plain Text — Plain text versions of TPWD news releases are provided for copying and pasting into editing software.
To copy text into an editing software:
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(5.4.16 i)


text:
Note: This item is more than six years old. Please take the publication date into consideration for any date references.
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News Release
Media Contact: TPWD News, firstname.lastname@example.com, 512-389-8030
July 5, 2011
Input Sought for Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Early Restoration Projects
AUSTIN – Natural resource trustees are planning early restoration to start addressing impacts to natural resources caused by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and they're welcoming ideas for specific restoration and conservation projects in Texas.
In April, the trustees announced an agreement in which BP agreed to provide $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico to address natural resource injuries caused by the spill. The trustees are the U.S. Department of the Interior, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, on behalf of the United States Department of Commerce, and state agencies from Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. Texas trustees include Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), the General Land Office and Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
Texas will select and implement $100 million in early restoration projects, as will each of the other four Gulf states. The federal trustees, NOAA and DOI, will each select and implement $100 million in projects, and the remaining $300 million will be used for projects selected by NOAA and DOI from proposals submitted by the states.
The early restoration agreement is a first step toward fulfilling BP's obligation to fund complete restoration of injured public resources, including the lost use of those resources by people who live, work and visit in the area. The full Natural Resource Damage Assessment process will continue until trustees determine the full extent of damages caused by the spill.
"This is a critically important opportunity to invest in the well being of the Texas coast," said Carter Smith, TPWD's executive director and a member of the executive committee overseeing NRDA spill restoration efforts. "Any and all suggestions from interested parties about coastal fish and wildlife habitat restoration projects are welcome."
Early restoration funds can be used for projects such as rebuilding coastal marshes, replenishing damaged beaches, conserving sensitive areas of ocean habitat for injured wildlife, and restoring barrier islands and wetlands that provide natural protection from storms.
Early restoration project selection criteria include whether projects contribute to making the public or the environment whole by restoring lost or injured resources; address one or more specific injuries associated with the spill; restore natural resources, habitats or services of the same type, quality and comparable ecological or human use value to compensate for losses due to the spill; and are feasible and cost-effective.
Other criteria include project cost, likelihood of success and sustainability, value to prevent future injury, avoiding or minimizing adverse impacts from project construction or implementation, benefits to more than one natural resource, and public health and safety.
Any interested parties are encouraged to be a part of the early restoration process by submitting project ideas online on the Give Us Your Ideas web page of the NOAA Restore the Gulf website. Or send comments by regular mail to NOAA Restoration Center, Attn: DWH PEIS Projects, 263 13th Ave South, Suite 166, St. Petersburg, FL 33701. General information about the Natural Resource Damage Assessment process is on TPWD's NRDA FAQ web page.
Any ideas provided by the public will be added to the list of suggestions already received by the trustees and will be considered for inclusion in the early restoration planning process. Projects selected by the trustees will be made available to the public for review and comment in a draft Early Restoration Plan. Comments received by the trustees will be considered prior to finalizing the plan.
On the Net:
- http://www.gulfspillrestoration.noaa.gov/restoration/give-us-your-ideas/
- http://tpwd.texas.gov/landwater/water/environconcerns/damage_assessment/faq.phtml
Publication — Permission is granted to publish, in whole or in part, any news releases on this page.
Print — A print-friendly version of the news release shows only the release with font sizes set to the browser default.
Plain Text — Plain text versions of TPWD news releases are provided for copying and pasting into editing software.
To copy text into an editing software:
- Click a Plain Text link to display the plain text page in your browser.
- Select all.
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- Paste in a document in your editing program.
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(5.4.16 i)


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BOARD OF EDUCATION ... The board will vote on a proposed boundary change between the Addison and Walter Hays school attendance areas. The board also will discuss proposed new course offerings, proposed new course literature, a conceptual design for renovations of the Palo Alto High School library and a resolution of support for Senate Constitutional Amendment 3, an effort to reduce the majority required in a parcel-tax vote from two-thirds to 55 percent. In a separate special meeting, principals of Gunn and Palo Alto high schools will discuss their progress against goals set in their accreditation reports by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. The special meeting begins at 10 a.m. Tuesday, Jan. 29, in the boardroom of school district headquarters (25 Churchill Ave.) The regular meeting will convene at 6:30 p.m. in the same place.
PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION ... The commission plans to hear an update on the California Avenue transit hub corridor streetscape improvements project and offer input on street-lighting options; and to hold a public hearing on rezoning properties in the 600 block of Emerson Street. The meeting is scheduled for 6 p.m. on Wednesday, Jan. 30, in the Council Chambers at City Hall (250 Hamilton Ave.).
The committee plans to discuss the Professional Evaluation Group Inc.; proposed SB 1029 clean-up legislation; possible changes to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); proposed revisions to guiding principles; and updates to the Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board/California High Speed Rail Authority Memorandum of Understanding. The meeting is scheduled for 8:30 a.m. on Thursday, Jan. 31, in the Council Conference Room at City Hall (250 Hamilton Ave.)
REGIONAL HOUSING MANDATE COMMITTEE ... The committee plans to discuss the City of Palo Alto appeal of the Adopted Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) for the 2014-22 Housing Element Cycle. The meeting is scheduled for 2:30 p.m. on Thursday, Jan. 31, in the Council Conference Room at City Hall (250 Hamilton Ave.)
CITY COUNCIL RETREAT ... The council plans to discuss its top priorities for 2013 and optimal ways to shorten city council meetings, among other topics. The retreat is scheduled for 9 a.m. on Saturday, Feb. 2, in the Palo Alto Art Center Auditorium (1313 Newell Road).


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Jamieson Spindrift Shetland jumperweight yarn. 100% pure Shetland wool.
25-g ball approximately 115 yards
mini-skein approximately 20 yards
See the main Yarn page for more information about Jamieson Spindrift.
PLEASE NOTE: These yarns are difficult to photograph accurately, and every monitor displays colors differently! Click on the picture to see a larger, more accurate view. If you are trying to decide between several colors, I strongly recommend that you use the Jamieson Color Card or purchase mini-skeins so you can see the actual yarn.


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rob h wrote: What I would say though is that like Alex Jones, he speaks some truth, but they both discredit themselves with the way they go about things. Jones screams and shouts and goes over the top too often, and Icke with the thing about Reptilians seems to have pushed that theory way too far.
My theory is that both Icke and Jones are actually shills for the Illuminati. What they say is actually basically true but in case anyone else jumps to the same conclusions, the Rothchilds pay these two clowns to present it so no one would believe it's true.


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Canadians Advance Near Cambrai 2
The Film
Running Time
09 min 03 s
Canadian War Records Office, Ministry of Information
The advances of the Hundred Days finally gave the cavalry a chance to play the role for which it was intended. There was something glorious about a cavalry regiment, its pennant flying, its officers and men carefully aligned and well-mounted. But the cavalry's day was done, and by 1918 the tanks, in all their many varieties, were replacing the horses. These extraordinary shots show the variety and uses of tanks by the autumn of 1918—supply tanks, tanks carrying troops, tanks armed with guns or with machine guns on their sides, and even tanks used in construction. What is striking is how high the tank silhouette was, how slow the armoured beasts moved and, although this is not illustrated, how frequently the tanks broke down in the field. Moreover, by 1918, the tanks could readily be destroyed by German gunners or determined infantry. The staged scene of a tank attacking a bunker is the way the tank was supposed to be, but only rarely was, employed.
Pieces of History
Canada's Mounted Troops
Major Michael R. McNorgan
Instructor, Royal Military College, Kingston
At the beginning of the First World War, horsed cavalry was still an army's principal mobile arm. However, after the onset of static trench warfare on the Western Front in late 1914 – with thick barbed wire barriers and large numbers of machine guns protecting defensive works – the battlefield utility of cavalry was greatly diminished. Cavalry was nonetheless retained in large numbers because of the perennial hope of breaking through the enemy's line and rolling up his defences from the rear. Thus, for virtually every major offensive operation during the war, cavalry divisions were kept in reserve.
Canada contributed two distinct groups of cavalry during the War – the Canadian Cavalry Brigade and an independent cavalry regiment known as the Canadian Light Horse.
Canadian Cavalry Brigade
This Canadian Cavalry Brigade was formed in England in the autumn of 1915, consisting of permanent force units, the Royal Canadian Dragoons and Lord Strathcona's Horse, along with the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery. In early 1916, The Fort Garry Horse, a militia regiment from Winnipeg, was added, along with a Cavalry Brigade Machine Gun Squadron equipped with Vickers machine guns. The Canadian Cavalry Brigade served as part of a British cavalry division for the remainder of the war. Its first mounted action was at the Somme in the summer of 1916. When cavalry units were not needed as reserves for an offensive operation, they were often employed dismounted to occupy quiet sectors of the front.
The Brigade again saw mounted action in March 1917 when tasked to pursue an unexpected German withdrawal to a new defensive position called the Hindenburg Line. During this pursuit, Lieutenant Harvey of Lord Strathcona's Horse earned the brigade's first Victoria Cross for valour during the liberation of a French village. By the time of the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917 – best known as the first major tank offensive of the war – the Canadian cavalry was judged to be among the best brigades in the British Cavalry Corps, and it was tasked to serve in the lead of a large cavalry exploitation force. During this operation, a single Canadian squadron was the only cavalry to penetrate German lines, and Lieutenant Strachan of The Fort Garry Horse was awarded the Victoria Cross for gallantry.
The Brigade served with great distinction during the German's March 1918 offensive toward Amiens, riding from place to place assisting in slowing the relentless enemy advance. Its final action in this operation took place at Moreuil Wood, where Lieutenant Flowerdew of Lord Strathcona's Horse won a posthumous Victoria Cross for leading a gallant cavalry charge against German machine guns. After the war, Marshal Foch, the Allied supreme commander, credited the Canadians with halting the German offensive at Moreuil and preventing the separation of the French and British armies. Later in that final year of the war, the Canadian Cavalry Brigade was in action during the great Canadian Corps victory over the Germans at Amiens in August, and it played an important part in following up the German retreat in the last two months of the war.
Canadian Light Horse
Until May 1916, three of the four infantry divisions of the Canadian Corps maintained their own independent cavalry squadron of some 150 all ranks . These squadrons – from the 19th Alberta Dragoons, the 1st Hussars and the 16th Light Horse – were then amalgamated into an ad hoc regiment that reported directly to Canadian Corps Headquarters. In early 1917, this unit was named the Canadian Light Horse.
The Canadian Light Horse first saw action as a mounted unit in the consolidation of the ground captured in the attack on Vimy Ridge in April 1917. The CLH played a major role in the fighting at Iwuy on October 10, 1918, where the last ever swords-drawn charge by Canadian cavalry took place. During the pursuit of the Germans in the final month of the war, CLH squadrons were always well out in front as a scouting force, ensuring that the Canadian divisions would not be surprised by German lay-back patrols. When the war ended for the Canadians in Mons Belgium on November 11, 1918, the Canadian Light Horse was already well beyond the city.
Modern armoured fighting vehicles – tanks and armoured cars – owe their development in part to the stalemate created on the Western Front by the deadly combination of machine guns and thick belts of barbed wire protecting trench lines, along with massive artillery bombardments that could be brought down with great accuracy on an attacking force. The problem of how an attacking force could be strengthened to overcome well-defended trenches had been studied by British scientists since late 1914. They came up with the idea of a 'land ship' – a tracked vehicle protected by armour plate, large enough that it could carry guns or machine guns, drive over belts of barbed wire, and crossover trenches. This highly secret vehicle was given the code name 'tank'.
Tanks were first introduced in limited numbers during the battle of the Somme in mid-September 1916, and the Canadian Corps was given seven (these models were called the Mark I) for its attack on the village of Courcellette. But these early versions were mechanical nightmares; almost all broke down before they got anywhere close to the German lines. Still, scientists kept improving their tank designs. Finally, in November 1917, tanks were used in large numbers in a successful offensive at Cambrai: the era of mechanized warfare had been born. Tanks then played major roles in the Battle of Amiens in August 1918, in the breaking of the Hindenburg Line in September, and in the pursuit of the retreating Germans in October and November 1918.
Early in 1918 many thought the war might well last into 1919, and the Canadian Army agreed to raise tank units. The 1st Canadian Tank Battalion was recruited from university students, and in June 1918 it was sent to England to begin training at the British Tank School. Despite the general aversion to volunteering at this stage in the war, a 2nd Battalion was also quickly raised. The 1st Tank Battalion had just completed its training and was preparing to leave for the front when the Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918. Thus, while no Canadian tank unit saw action in the war, many Canadians did serve in British tank battalions, and in a number of instances displayed their nationalism by painting maple leafs prominently on their vehicles.
In 1914, Canada created the world's first armoured unit. The driving force behind this achievement was Raymond Brutinel, a wealthy engineer originally from France, who had the idea that lightly armoured vehicles designed to carry machine guns would be especially useful. He offered to raise the funds for the vehicles, a suggestion which was readily accepted by the government. Brutinel designed the vehicles, had them built, purchased the machine guns, and recruited the soldiers, all within two months. His new unit was given the name 'Automobile Machine Gun Brigade No. 1'. In the next few months three other mobile machine gun units were raised, all paid for by private subscription – the Eaton Battery, the Borden Battery and the Yukon Battery. All four units found their way to France where, in 1915, they were amalgamated under Brutinel's command as the Canadian Motor Machine Gun Brigade.
Brutinel's Motors came into their own in the last year of the war, when the stalemate of trench warfare had been broken. This highly mobile force played an especially important role in stemming the onslaught of the Germans' March 1918 offensive, and a second similar brigade was formed. The Motors were a valuable part of a composite formation of cavalry, armoured cars and cyclists, termed 'The Independent Force', during the Battle of Amiens in August 1918. Between September and November this force led the Canadian Corps from one victory to another during the pursuit to Valenciennes and finally to Mons on November 11, when the war ended.
At the beginning of the war, each Canadian division had its own company of cyclists – troops equipped with sturdy bicycles whose tasks included field security and aspects of military intelligence. In the static conditions on the Western Front, they were not very useful, so they tended to be used as guards or labourers. In May 1916 the four companies were amalgamated as The Canadian Corps Cyclist Battalion. In 1918, the battalion was included in Brigadier-General Brutinel's 'Independent Force', and there they served valiantly at Amiens and in the Pursuit to Mons as a form of mounted infantry – riding to the scene of action, dismounting and then fighting as infantry.
Selected Bibliography
Ellis, W.D., ed. Saga of the Cyclists in the Great War 1914-1918. Toronto: Canadian Corps Cyclist Battalion Association, 1965.
Lynch, Alex. Dad, the Motors and the Fifth Army Show: The German Offensive, March 1918. Kingston, ON: Lawrence Publications, 1978.
---. The Glory of Their Times : 1st Canadian Motor Machine Gun Brigade, March 1918. Kingston, ON: Lawrence Publications, 2001.
Marteinson, John and Michael R. McNorgan. The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History. Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 2000.
Mitchell, G.D., Brian Reid and W. Simcock. RCHA - Right of the Line : An Anecdotal History of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery from 1871. Ottawa: RCHA History Committee, 1986.
Wallace, J.F. Dragons of Steel: Canadian Armour in Two World Wars. Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing, 1995.
Williams, S.H. Stand to Your Horses : Through the First World War, 1914-1918 with the Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians). Winnipeg: Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) Regimental Society, 1999 (1961).
Military Logistics of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914–1919
Michel Litalien
Canadian military logistics is a dimension of the history of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) that is often overlooked. Yet just a few days after Canada's entry into the First World War, it was obvious that there was no way of ignoring it. When huge numbers of military and civilian volunteers showed up at Valcartier, near Quebec City, in August 1914, logistical support services, which had only recently been established, were soon put to the test. Clothing and equipping the members of the first contingent turned out to be a real headache. Manufacturers had to be found and contracts drawn up in a hurry for the production of uniforms, boots, belts, weapons, vehicles and so on. From a logistical standpoint, mobilizing the first contingent destined for Europe was a nightmare.
Throughout the Great War, the Canadian Expeditionary Force's logistical support system was an immense, complex operation. Of all the support services, the Canadian Army Service Corps (CASC) was the most diversified. Its main responsibilities were transporting combat troops, delivering equipment and materials, and providing the troops with fresh supplies. In addition to these essential tasks, the CASC also evacuated the wounded (ambulance drivers belonged to the corps), salvaged equipment that had been captured from the enemy or left behind on the battlefield and delivered mail. The CASC worked closely with the Canadian Ordnance Corps, the Canadian Army Medical Corps, and the Canadian Artillery Corps for the transportation of specialized ordnance.
The CASC operated from seaports located hundreds of kilometres from the battlefield, all the way to just behind the front lines. Its replenishment system could supply not only small groups of just a few men but also formations the size of an infantry battalion (approximately 1,000 men).
Resupplying front-line units was a multistep process. From ports and depots, supplies were first taken by railway to railheads. From there, CASC units were responsible for moving the supplies by truck or light railway to supply dumps. These operations took place in the third line of supply. Thanks to their small size, light railways could run and reach areas closer to the front lines more easily. It was also harder for enemy artillery to pinpoint them. The administrative area behind the front lines was crisscrossed by light rail lines that were built and maintained by Canadian railway troops.
From the supply dumps, the CASC's divisional train and ammunition supply column, both of which were horse-drawn, were responsible for bringing supplies closer to the front lines, to their respective divisions or individual units. This was the second line of supply.
Lastly, operations to supply front-line units constituted the first line of supply. These units had to come back to the rear to get their own supplies of gear, ammunition, weapons, technical and communications equipment, water, medication and food. These supply expeditions were carried out chiefly at night so that the soldiers could not be seen by the enemy. But assigning combat troops to this task meant that a battalion's defensive positions at the front would be short of manpower for a time and so vulnerable to enemy attack.
Toward the end of the war, however, a Canadian officer from Montreal proposed using the tumpline system — the method that Canada's aboriginal people and coureurs de bois had used to carry large loads on foot. Before the introduction of this system, infantryman had to carry supplies in their arms, thus limiting the quantity of materials due to their size and weight. The tumpline system, which involved the use of a head strap, allowed the soldiers to carry more weight and freed up their arms, thus giving them more freedom of movement. With this system, each soldier was able to transport a greater quantity of supplies and so fewer men were required for the job, leaving more troops to ensure the defence of the front lines.
Besides regularly providing drivers and vehicles to other units, the CASC also maintained and repaired its vehicles. It also had to make sure that the troops were fed, which meant that fresh and hard rations had to be allocated and distributed properly; its military cooks oversaw the operation of field bakeries and butcheries.
The CASC was not the only logistical support corps to play a key role in the CEF. The Canadian Ordnance Corps was responsible for procuring, storing and distributing uniforms, boots, equipment, weapons, ammunition and shells to combat troops. Specialized supply depots, located in the second line of supply, helped ensure more effective distribution.
The Canadian Ordnance Corps' other major role was to maintain equipment in the field. The repairmen in the specialized ordnance mobile workshops could get closer to the deployed units and repair their weapons, both light and heavy, as well as their equipment. If the mobile workshops were not able to do the repairs on site, the weapons and equipment were shipped to heavy or stationary workshops at the rear, where virtually anything could be reassembled or rebuilt. The small detachments of the Ordnance Corps worked closely with the various units of the Army Service Corps.
Despite the gradual mechanization of the war, horses remained a vital component of the CEF. The cavalry, the artillery and, of course, the Army Service Corps used huge numbers of horses right up to the end of the war. At one point, Canadians were using as many as 24,000 horses and mules in their overseas operations. Horses could often manage in places where motorized vehicles could make no headway! Inevitably, some horses suffered injuries or fell ill. The Canadian Veterinary Corps operated mobile sections to take care of horses; it also ran veterinary hospitals for horses, advanced remount depots and specialized basic provisions depots.
Other logistical support services also played a crucial role in enabling combat troops to get on with their job. The Canadian Postal Corps, for instance, helped maintain the morale of soldiers at the front, at the rear and also those convalescing in hospitals. Army chaplains, who constituted the smallest organized support group, provided religious services to Canadian soldiers of different faiths and offered moral support at difficult times. Lastly, despite the enemy's efforts to maintain a naval blockade by submarines, the Canadian Forestry Corps ensured that Great Britain, France and the Canadian Expeditionary Force obtained all the timber they needed to carry out their military operations.
Thousands of men served in these various organizations. The Army Service Corps, for example, counted over 17,000 officers and non-commissioned soldiers in its organization. Even if these units were not combat troops, many of them, including the Army Service Corps, played important roles in all military actions. One hundred and four members of the CASC were killed, and 363 were wounded.
Selected Bibliography
Brown, Ian Malcolm. British Logistics on the Western Front, 1914-1919. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 1998.
Canadian Army Service Corps, 2nd Divisional Train: Record of Service of Officers, 1914-1919. Brian Pontifex, comp. Toronto: Carswell, 1920.
Davies, W.J.K. Light Railways of the First World War: A History of Tactical Rail Communications on the British Fronts, 1914-18. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles, 1967.
French, Cecil. A History of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps in the Great World War, 1914-1919. C.A.V. Barker and Ian K. Barker, eds. Guelph: Crest Books, 1999.
Jackson, H.M. The 127th Battalion, CEF; 2nd Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops. Montreal: Industrial Shops for the Deaf, 1957?.
Johnston, James Robert. Riding into War: The Memoir of a Horse Transport Driver, 1916-1919. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions and The New Brunswick Military Heritage Project, 2004.
Love, David W. "A Call to Arms": The Organization and Administration of Canada's Military in World War One. Calgary: Bunker To Bunker Books, 1999.
Phelan, Frederick Ross. "Army Supplies in the Forward Area and the Tumpline System: A First World War Canadian Logistical Innovation." Canadian Military History 9, no 1 (Winter 2000): 31-45 [reprinted from the article published in the Canadian Defence Quarterly in October 1928].
To the Thunderer his Arms: The Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps. William F. Rannie, ed. Lincoln, ON: W.F. Rannie, 1984.
Warren, Arnold. Wait for the Waggon: The Story of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1961.
Other Materials
The Canal du Nord and Bourlon Wood
On the Corps right, troops of the 10th Brigade, hugging their artillery cover, quickly crossed the canal on a two-battalion front between Inchy and Moeuvres. They overcame resistance from the Canal du Nord Line, and established them selves on Red according to schedule. The 11th and 12th Brigades, leading the 4th Division's attack on the right and left respectively, pushed forward but almost immediately met trouble from the south. Opposing General Watson's formations was the German 187th Infantry Division, with its 188th Infantry Regiment directly west of Bourlon Wood, flanked to north and south respectively by the 186th and 187th Regiments. Farther south was the dismounted 7th Cavalry Division; unused to infantry tactics they were quickly defeated. The 52nd Division, attacking on the Third Army's flank, had not achieved the same initial success as the 4th Division, and as a result the Canadian right suffered many casualties from enfilade fire.
In stiff fighting the 87th Battalion gained an entry into the southern part of Bourlon village by 9:45 a.m., and the 54th, passing through, skirted the north end of Bourlon Wood to reach the far side. The slower advance of the British troops to the south compelled the 102nd Battalion to form a defensive flank beside the Bapaume road and defeated the plan to encircle the wood from the south. This left the 54th in a pronounced salient, suffering mounting casualties. The battalion pushed on towards Fontaine-Notre-Dame, finally coming to a halt about 7:00 p.m. just west of the village, the 75th and 87th Battalions coming up on its left. Farther north the 12th Brigade also had stiff fighting throughout the day. The 85th and 38th Battalions, heavily hit by shelling and machine-gun fire during their advance, cleared their part of the Marquion trench system, allowing the 78th and 72nd Battalions to gain all but the extreme right of its Blue Line objective. It took a fresh attack mounted at 8:00 p.m. by the 78th Battalion to overcome the final pocket of resistance.
In the course of the 4th Division's operations on September 27 two subalterns had won the Victoria Cross. Lieutenant G.T. Lyall of the 102nd Battalion, and Lieutenant S.L. Honey, D.C.M., M.M., 78th Battalion, through their skilful leadership and courage in dealing with German strong points both significantly contributed to the capture of Bourlon Wood. Like many another recognition for brave deeds in the war, Lieutenant Honey's award came posthumously.
On the Corps left the 1st Division's success paid tribute to careful planning and well-directed and determined execution. Two guns of the 1st Battery C.F.A. gave the 1st Brigade a good start by moving in front of Inchy-en-Artois and firing point-blank into enemy positions along the canal. Thus aided, the 4th Battalion, having crossed the dry bed with little difficulty, was able to jump ahead to the north-east and capture its assigned portion of the Marquion Line. Here the 1st Battalion pushed through as planned and secured the Green Line in short order. The 2nd and 3rd Battalions now assumed the lead, only to be stopped by heavy fire from the embanked railway which curved north from Bourlon. With the aid of a timely flanking attack by the 72nd Battalion they overcame this resistance and swept on to the Blue Line. The action of the Commander of the 3rd Battalion's left support company, Lieutenant G.F. Kerr, M.C., M.M., in rushing single-handed a German strongpoint near the Arras-Cambrai road played an important part in the 1st Brigade's advance. Kerr, who captured four machine guns and 31 prisoners, was awarded the Victoria Cross.
The 2nd Brigade's role was to follow the 1st up to the Marquion Line and then extend to the left to capture the central portion of the Blue Line on the divisional front. By two o'clock the 7th Battalion was firm on its objective midway between Marquion and Haynecourt. During the afternoon the 5th Battalion went on to occupy Haynecourt and push patrols almost to the main Cambrai-Douai road. On the left, units of the 11th British Division passed through, headed for Epinoy. By the end of the day (September 27) patrols of the 10th Battalion-which had passed through the 5th just east of Haynecourtwere approaching the Marcoing Line, coming first to a heavy belt of uncut wire covered by enemy machine-guns. With mounting casualties the infantry cut the wire and pushed forward; but confronted by a second wire barrier, which marked the line itself, and with darkness approaching, the battalion consolidated on the east side of the Douai-Cambrai road.
On General Macdonell's left the 3rd Brigade had the important task of driving northward beyond the Canal du Nord and capturing in turn the villages of Sainslez-Marquion and Marquion, thereby freeing the eastern bank to permit crossings by the 11th Division. Leading the 3rd Brigade's advance the 14th Battalion crossed south of Sains-lez-Marquion, and swinging north behind the village, quickly captured its part of the Red Line. Four supporting tanks rendered good service in crushing wire barricades and in mopping up the village, but mechanical difficulties kept them from advancing past the Red Line. From Chapel Corner, south-east of Marquion, the German opposition, which had wavered before the initial rush of the 14th, rallied with heavy fire to stop the 13th Battalion, which was following up the initial assault. It took a joint effort by the 13th and 15th Battalions with tank assistance to clear Marquion. The 15th continued northward across the Arras road, mopping up the area east of the canal. By 2:00 p.m. it was firm at the Blue Line, just south of Sauchy-Lestrée.
Both Canadian divisions had received useful help from the tanks-each being supported by a company (of eight tanks) from the 7th Tank Battalion. The four allotted to each assaulting brigade successfully crossed the dry canal under cover of an artillery smoke-screen. Later they contributed to their own concealment by means of smoke dischargers fitted to their exhausts. During the day they gave good service in crushing wire entanglements and silencing with their fire enemy machine-gun posts. Of the sixteen tanks engaged in the first phase of the operation five fell victim to German fire.
About midday, when the 3rd Infantry Brigade had completed its assigned task of clearing the east bank of the canal, units of the 11th Division crossed at four places between Sains-lez-Marquion and the highway and moved smoothly into place on the left of the 1st Division to start the second phase of the attack. The advance to the north and north-east continued without serious interruption, and by dusk Epinoy and Oisy-le-Verger were in British hands.
Adapted and used with permission from Nicholson, G. W. L., Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1964, p.419-422.
Teaching Materials
Sounds Like Tanks
Grade Level: Secondary 9-12
Time Allowance: 45 minutes
Film Excerpt: Canadians Advance Near Cambrai 2
Summary: Students create a film about World War I tanks by choosing film excerpts and writing poetry that evokes the images and sounds of armoured tanks.
The founder of the National Film Board, John Grierson, made a remarkable film in the 1930s called Night Mail. It showed how a letter written in London, England, to someone in Scotland, was sorted overnight on the train and delivered the next day. A poem about the sorting of the mail was composed especially for the movie and read to great effect as the film played. The poem captured the rhythm of a steam train:
This is the Night Mail crossing the border,
Bringing the cheque and the postal order,
Letters for the rich, letters for the poor,
The shop at the corner and the girl next door….
Letters of thanks, letters from banks,
Letters of joy from the girl and the boy,
Receipted bills and invitations
To inspect new stock or visit relations.
(See the full text at: www.newearth.demon.co.uk/poems/lyric206.htm)
Your Task:
In the same way that John Grierson captured the spirit of the Night Mail through film and poetry, write a poem and choose film excerpts from the Canadians Advance Near Cambrai 2 to capture the spirit of the tanks of WWI. Tanks were developed during this war in response to trench warfare. Unlike the armoured cars from the initial phases of the war, tanks could move off roads, over broken ground and through barbed wire.
• Either choose the film clips to match the poetry or write the poetry to match the film clips.
• Use poetic techniques such as:
Onomatopoeia (the sound and the word are the same)
Similes (comparisons using like or as)
Metaphors (comparisons that state something as something else: "guns are swords of death")
Rhyme (words that end in similar sounds)
Alliteration (repetition of consonants: guns, groaned, grandly)
• Try to capture the mood of the tanks.
• Capture a sense of this period with words and phrases of the time, such as "going over the top" or "trench war."
Title of your film:
Description of film excerpts from
Canadians Advance Near Cambrai 2
Your poem
Sounds Like Machine Guns
Grade Level: Secondary 9-12
Time Allowance: 45 minutes
Films: Canadians Advance Near Cambrai 2, Salvage Work on the Canadian Front
Summary: Students create a film about WWI machine guns by choosing film excerpts and writing poetry that evokes the images and sounds of the guns.
The founder of the National Film Board, John Grierson, made a remarkable film in the 1930s called Night Mail. It showed how a letter written in London, England, to someone in Scotland, was sorted overnight on the train and delivered the next day. A poem about the sorting of the mail was composed especially for the movie and read to great effect as the film played. The poem captured the rhythm of a steam train:
This is the Night Mail crossing the border,
Bringing the cheque and the postal order,
Letters for the rich, letters for the poor,
The shop at the corner and the girl next door….
Letters of thanks, letters from banks,
Letters of joy from the girl and the boy,
Receipted bills and invitations
To inspect new stock or visit relations.
(See the full text at: www.newearth.demon.co.uk/poems/lyric206.htm)
Your Task:
In the same way that John Grierson captured the spirit of the Night Mail through film and poetry, write a poem and choose film excerpts from Canadians Advance Near Cambrai 2 and Salvage Work on the Canadian Front to capture the spirit of the machine guns of World War I. Machine guns, a relatively new invention at the time, were so prevalent and so destructive that the First World War is sometimes called "The Machine Gun War."
• Either choose the film clips to match the poetry or write the poetry to match the film clips.
• Use poetic techniques such as:
Onomatopoeia (the sound and the word are the same)
Similes (comparisons using like or as)
Metaphors (comparisons that state something as something else: "guns are swords of death")
Rhyme (words that end in similar sounds)
Alliteration (repetition of consonants: guns, groaned, grandly)
• Try to capture the mood of machine guns.
• Capture a sense of this period using words and phrases of the time, such as "going over the top" or "trench war."
Title of your film: _______________________________________
Description of film excerpts
Your poem


text:
I'll start:
- Two Extremes (antā)
1. Devotion to sensual happiness in sensual pleasures (kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyoga).
2. Devotion to self-mortification (attakilamathānuyoga).
(Dhammacakkappavattanasutta, SN. v. 420-4)
Now the next poster should post a list of three items, either from the Anguttara Nikāya or some other Pali source containing lists of dhammas. And the one after that should post a list of four ... and so on up to ten. When the number reaches ten the next poster should post a list of 'many' (since there aren't many lists of eleven). Then the poster after that goes back to two.
Threes anyone?


text:
Heifer's Peru Adventure
9 Nov 2012 at 19:16
Silvana visits Ever while he collects potatoes from his family's garden.
With Silvana
Press | FAQ | Terms of Agreement | Privacy Policy | Copyright © 2011 Flatter World Inc.
FLAT STANLEY® is a trademark of the Trust u/w/o Richard C. Brown f/b/o Duncan Brown. Used with permission. All rights reserved


text:
SKU:9952Artist:Compatible Figures:N/ACompatible Software:DAZ Studio, PoserInstall Types:
SKU:9952Artist:Compatible Figures:N/ACompatible Software:DAZ Studio, PoserInstall Types:
- Daz Connect
- Install Manager
- Manual Install
- Daz Connect
- Install Manager
- Manual Install
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Pokemon For Beginners
A Newbie's Guide to Catching 'Em All in Pokémon
Do you really have to catch them all? Yes, that's the whole point! In this guide for Pokémon n00bs, The Sync Up host Veronica Belmont breaks down what's new and notable in Pokémon X and Y, the sixth generation of the popular role-playing game.
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text:
Washington Nationals manager Davey Johnson, ending whatever mild drama there was surrounding his contract negotiations, has agreed to a deal for a final season as the team's skipper, MLB.com reported via Twitter.
Johnson, who turns 70 in January, went more than a decade without managing before taking over the Nationals from Jim Riggleman in mid-2011. He has a 138-107 (.563) record in Washington that includes an NL-best 98 wins this season.
— Sporting News MLB Awards: Johnson NL manager of the year | More winners
Johnson had hinted that the 2012 season might have been his final one if the Nationals had won the World Series. Now The Washington Post reports that Johnson is expected to resume his role as a special advisor to the front office after retiring as manager.
According to the Post, GM Mike Rizzo has said in the past he wants Johnson's successor to come from within the organization.
Bench coach Randy Knorr appears to be the leading candidate, the Post reported, with base coach Trent Jewett, Class AAA Syracuse manager Tony Beasley and Class AA Harrisburg manager Matt LeCroy also possibilities.
Johnson is one of three finalists for the NL Manager of the Year. He has led four different teams to the playoffs, and next year he will try to add a second World Series ring. He managed the 1986 Mets to the world championship.