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|December 27, 2012, 05:58 PM
Join Date: December 5, 2004
Location: San Antonio, Texas
Posts: 28
The Reason For The 2nd Amendment
Now it is very clear to me....the reason for the 2nd amendment.....see the link to the video...based on the true story ....
Battle of Athens (TN) - 1946
Be sure to see the actual photos at the end showing the plaques describing the event.
If you can read this- thank a teacher.
If you can read this in english- thank a vet.
|December 28, 2012, 07:49 PM
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The Founding Fathers had a great distrust of a strong central government. They had just fought a bloody civil war to oust one. To protect ourselves against a tyranical government was the reason that the 2nd Amendment was placed in the Constitution. Military type weapons were EXACTLY the type of weapons that the Founding Fathers meant for the people to have.
|December 31, 2012, 01:47 AM
Join Date: December 11, 2010
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Lawrence Hunter's OP/ED on Forbes a couple days ago is the strongest defense of the Second Amendment I think I've ever heard. Unfortunately, very few understand the Founding Father's original intent of the Second Amendment.
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Last edited by 10P8TRIOT; December 31, 2012 at 01:54 AM.
|December 31, 2012, 11:28 AM
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Great video!
'Merica: Back to back World War Champs
|December 31, 2012, 11:46 AM
Join Date: November 17, 2000
Posts: 18,606
The problem is getting folks to buy into the defense against tyranny. They don't see it - which drives me nutty at times.
They cannot see the USA going towards a tyrannical direction.
They misread history and psychology.
Countries fall apart after crises and become tyrannical. The case of Germany after WWI is case in point (not playing the Godwin card) but just a collapse of civilization. Americans can act like monsters.
The oppression of blacks (and gun control laws aimed at them), Japanese camps in WWII, atrocities like My Lai, Abu Ghraib and the shooting of students at Kent State (all controversial, I know) show how standard citizens can become tools of the government. The Miligram and Zimbardo experiments show how simple manipulations make the average citizen become an instrument of oppression.
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|December 31, 2012, 11:58 AM
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Location: Illinois
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Many firearms laws were originally intended to keep them out of the hands of freed slaves.
Rich Lucibella on Up With Chris Hayes
"No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms."- Thomas Jefferson
|December 31, 2012, 12:22 PM
Join Date: September 27, 2008
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Sometimes it's nice not to destroy the world for a change.
--Randall Munroe
|December 31, 2012, 01:04 PM
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Abu Ghraib was an atrocity? Really? I don't remember the press finding any shallow graves or a room full of skulls anywhere near Abu Ghraib. You might be able to articulate possible human rights abuses, but atrocity is a poor choice of words to the describe the issues surrounding Abu Ghraib.
|December 31, 2012, 01:15 PM
Join Date: November 17, 2000
Posts: 18,606
Missed the point. Abu Ghraib demonstrated that the principles of the Zimbardo prison experiment apply in real life. American soldiers treated prisoners ways that are not acceptable given the dynamic of the social situation.
Thus, given the right social circumstances members of even our Republic can become instruments of unacceptable action and oppression.
That negates the counter argument that tyranny could not happen here.
Very simple. If you want to argue that it wasn't bad there - you didn't get the rationale.
NRA, TSRA, IDPA, NTI, Polite Soc. - Aux Armes, Citoyens
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|December 31, 2012, 01:17 PM
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Posts: 3,297
All of the Bill of Rights was aimed to limit the power of government, state, local or Federal, to infringe on the rights of the people. All of the original 10 amendments defend the rights of the people against the abuses of government.
The 2nd amendment did two things, it protected the right of the people to have and keep arms as individual citizens and it protected the state run militias (for those states that had them) from being unilaterally dissolved by the Federal government.
The Constitution had bound the "well regulated" militias to Federal and State control. They could not act outside of that control legitimately.
|December 31, 2012, 06:29 PM
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Stopping tyranny by our gov't.
Nice video.
|January 1, 2013, 07:07 AM
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Posts: 801
We "glorify" our troops, they are nearly worshiped....they get a special prayer every Sunday in the Mass I attend. Then, we say we must prepare against them. Most people will not get that, it's a seriously mixed message that has not been clarified to most people. I know, it's those strong, central U.S. government leaders that are the problem. Well, those leaders will need troops, the troops we "support", Little Billy from down the street that's all grown up now and in the Army. "I have to worry about orders given to little Billy by a tyrannical, strong, central U.S. government?"
I get it, but this ain't just about me, it's about Jack and Jill suburbanite watching lines of child caskets on every news channel. The reason for 2A ain't gonna register with the the majority of these folks, as they're too busy collecting hand sanitizer and beef jerky to send to the those troops they're supposed to be arming against.
|January 1, 2013, 07:51 AM
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"I, _____, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the Uniform Code of Military Justice. So help me God."
All enemies, foreign and domestic. That takes precedent over the orders of the President and officers in the enlisted mans oath above and is the central focus of the officers oath below. Preserving and defending the constitution is the primary duty of all our service men and women.
I, [name], do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.
Some people seem to think that a majority our troops will blindly follow unconstitutional orders and act against the people, I don't think they will. If they do, its the very definition of tyranny and a constitutional crises. As long as we continue to follow the constitutional process all should be well though.
For those who say times dictate change, Article V of the Constitution spells out the processes by which amendments can be proposed and ratified. Its all clear as day. Its simple really, follow the constitution and the rule of law and all will be well. Try and institute radical, unconstitutional change and all will not be well.
In my estimation it would take about 1/3 of the population and a significant portion of the military to launch a full scale revolution. Now who really sees that happening in the foreseeable future? I know I don't, but...history has taught us that tyrannical governments can spring up unexpectedly. None of us know what the world will look like five years from now, more less twenty. So we really can't say what might transpire.
PS: If someone is out there thinking our current government needs violent revolution wrought against it, you need your head examined.
"No free man shall ever be debarred the use of arms."- Thomas Jefferson
|January 1, 2013, 08:36 AM
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I wouldn't say the founding fathers fought a civil war. I'm not even sure it was a revolution in the sense that the French or Russian revolutions were. But that's a fine point.
I think the behavior of soldiers, any soldier from most any country, in the field does not necessarily reflect government policy. There may be some government policy, such as the Germans had, to do certain things but it would probably be separate and apart from the behavior of most of the soldiers. The reason is because soldiers are in the business of killing. It is probably difficult to be killing one moment and civil the next. Those who misbehaved in the prison scandal were also prison guards back home.
You are correct that the founding fathers did have a distrust of a strong central government. That's why they tried another system for a few years before they decided maybe it wasn't such a bad idea. Why don't we just abolish the federal government? It's the current trend, you know. We already have all those perfectly functional state governments. Sounds like a lot of duplication of government, doesn't it?
Shoot low, sheriff. They're riding Shetlands!
Underneath the starry flag, civilize 'em with a Krag,
and return us to our own beloved homes!
Buy War Bonds.
|January 1, 2013, 10:43 AM
Join Date: November 17, 2000
Posts: 18,606
We are not going down the road for UN Troops. Thus, I'm deleting posts on that.
BTW, if you want to talk about UN troops, go read some books or other sources on available force levels in the world and logistics.
So lights out on the UN.
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|January 1, 2013, 11:38 AM
Join Date: December 10, 2007
Location: South Carolina
Posts: 38
Post #6 video pretty much summarizes the views. The people on one side just ignore what's being said and continue blindly down the road to perdition
What was surprising was the pro's ignoring the rights we already have and asking for them to be regulated.
Also the NRA cuts were exactly that parts of a speech or monologue cut out to prove a point that otherwise wouldn't/couldn't be
And what's with the deleting of posts and accusation of drive by's and such. Did I miss something? Isn't the existence of this forum to blah blah about yadda yadda??
|January 1, 2013, 12:09 PM
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Strange how we never hear much about Rosa Parks before or after the Montgomery Bus Strike is it not?
Wikipedia sums it up:
Why don't we take a (for many) surprising peek here into history:
What about Pine Ridge and Wounded Knee?
Tomorrow is the most important thing in life. Comes into us at midnight very clean. It's perfect when it arrives and it puts itself in our hands. It hopes we've learned something from yesterday.
|January 1, 2013, 01:55 PM
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Posts: 801
AlabamaShooter; nice post, something the masses can identify with much more than the "militia" defense.
This is what's needed, "meat" for the masses put into a story that can be understood by the modern, non-sporting family man or woman. We need other than "us" to defend the next time the likes of Pearce Morgan viciously attacks a gun advocate on his show.
The masses aren't going to buy into the need for an armed militia, it's nearly an irrelevant conversation for Americans outside of "us", and I'd venture to say that even many of us consider it irrelevant too (I know, I know, but it's in the Constitution.....).
|January 1, 2013, 03:48 PM
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Join Date: June 17, 1999
Posts: 532
Every time the grabbers (yes, even your friends and aquaintances) talk about "you don't need x to hunt ducks" or "nobody wants to take away your target gun used for a "legitimate" sport", you need to very plainly explain - the 2nd has nothing at all to do with target sports (except as a form of training, or "regulation" in the language of the day) or hunting. Duck hunting is not a constitutionally protected activity, nor are hunting arms.
|January 2, 2013, 09:59 AM
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I am an historical reenactor. My persona is the (how did you guess? ) the Revolutionary rifleman. I am also a former newspaper editor and have been active in politics my entire life.
My take on the 2nd Amendment is pretty simple.
The 1st Amendment was written to protect all our rights guaranteed under the Constitution, especially the Bill of Rights.
The 2nd Amendment was created to protect the 1st Amendment rights.
|January 2, 2013, 11:06 AM
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Two Supreme Court cases come to mind
'Castle Rock vs. Gonzales' and 'Warren vs. District Of Columbia'
Anybody that tells me that the police are there to protect you is dead wrong.
Try the Wiki page versions of those cases. It covers the basics without boring the reader.
|January 2, 2013, 11:34 AM
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RH, I take issue with several assertions in your post.
The Constitution clearly extends control of the state militias to Congress and command of the militias to the President. The prefatory or militia clause of the 2A was primarily intended to prevent Congress and the President from abusing their powers by ordering the militia to disarm.
IMHO a group of armed people who act like a military force but don't follow the government's orders are properly called a paramilitary rather than a militia. If those people were to initiate violent armed action against the government, the founders would probably have called them rebels or bandits; today, we would call them insurgents or terrorists.
The concept of an "unorganized militia" consisting of all military-age male citizens is a modern statute definition intended to address the unpopularity of the previous universal conscription system while simultaneously giving Congress the power to conduct a military draft under the guise of calling up the militia.
"Smokey, this is not 'Nam. This is bowling. There are rules... MARK IT ZERO!!" - Walter Sobchak
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|January 2, 2013, 03:14 PM
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Article One Section 8 of the Constitution gives Congress the power to...
"Provide for calling forth the militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;
"To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;..."
Article 2, section 2 gives command of the militia to the President when the states militias are called out in service of the United States. Otherwise command of the militias is reserved to the states or localities.
The Bill of Rights, which includes the 2nd amendment, was adopted following the adoption of the Constitution. The 2nd did not void the direct instructions of the Constitution.
There is more to the story of course than just that though. The states maintained control of the militias, those that had them anyway. They were seen as part of a bulwork against overriding authority from the central government. The right of individuals to own and have arms was viewed in a similar way, as a part of defense against corrupt officials as well as for general self defense, defense of the community, for hunting, sporting etc.
For Americans long before the Revolution, disarming the population meant helplessness in the face of corrupt government officials. There has always been a healthy distrust of government and their cops and agents in this country. It's a good thing to recall why now and then if you have had occasion to forget.
It's also important though that the 2nd amendment does not stand alone. There is a reason it is included in the original bill of rights. It does not stand alone, which is good because alone it is quite weak when it comes to defending political rights.
|January 2, 2013, 03:45 PM
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I have certainly heard people describe the right as if it only extended to hunting and skeet shooting. I have also heard people describe the right solely as a function of insurrectionist theory. Neither is a comprehensive explanation.
In the Bill of Rights, the Constitution does not purport to create rights or grant them, but to protect them. There is at work and idea of natural rights, i.e. rights possessed by free men as a consequence of their nature. Those rights include an ability to speak without prior restraint from the government, a right to choose one's own religious observance and doctrine, and a right to keep and bear arms. The idea is not that these are narrow, technical privileges. Therefore, to argue that one possesses the right described in the Second Amendment for the purpose of carrying out insurrectionist theory, or hunting geese, or shooting Indians, or shooting trap misses the point that it is described as a right, not a narrow, technical license granted toward a specific and socially agreed end.
Each of these rights certainly has utility, but their existence and legitimacy do not hinge on their utility.
When one argues insurrectionist theory as the sole basis for the right expressed in the amendment, it naturally raises the question of whether such a right is needed given the current form of government. If one argues insurrectionist theory as the sole basis, then to preserve the utility of the right he also needs to be prepared to describe how and why he would fulfill insurrectionist theory against a representative government. That second step will rarely represent the polemic high ground.
|January 2, 2013, 03:58 PM
Join Date: September 27, 2008
Location: Foothills of the Appalachians
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The exercise of that right can apply to protection from criminals, foreign aggressors, or in the worst case, against agents of a tyrannical government. If one argues solely along insurrectionist lines, they're not only scaring folks, they're missing the central argument of the RKBA.
Sometimes it's nice not to destroy the world for a change.
--Randall Munroe
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As part of our Net100 and Probe efforts in improving bulk transfers over high speed, high latency networks, we have developed an instrumented and tunable version of TCP that runs over UDP. The UDP TCP-like transport serves as a test-harness for experimenting with TCP-like controls at the application level similar to TReno. It is not a full transport protocol that one could use as the basis for a file transfer program (though we may consider that in the future). The implementation provides optional event logs and packet traces and can provide feedback to the application to tune the transport protocol, much in the spirit of Web100 but without the attendant kernel modifications. Part of the motivation for developing such a test harness arose from bugs in the AIX TCP stack.
The experimental UDP protocol includes segment numbers, time stamps, selective ACKs, optional delayed ACKs, sliding window, timeout-retransmissions with rate-based restart, bigger initial window, bigger MSS, burst avoidance, congestion avoidance (but more aggressive, experimenting with initial window size and AIMD parameters). The protocol continues to transmit on the first dup ACK's (limited transmit, RFC3042). The test harness consists of a configurable client (transmitter) and an ACK-server (receiver). The transmitter supports Reno, NewReno, and SACK/FACK and more recently HS TCP, scalable TCP, and TCP Vegas. (For a quick review of TCP, visit our bulk transfer page.
The protocol header includes timestamp and segment number.
The receiver's header includes the transmitter's timestamp,
the segment number of the last good contiguous segment and
up to three optional two-word blocks of SACK info.
The cumulative ACK is just like TCP's, with optional delayed ACK support.
A simple configuration file controls the transmitter. The following aspects of the transmitter can be configured:
The transmitter behaves like TCP with Reno, Newreno, or SACK/FACK using slow-start and congestion avoidance. Upon termination a summary of the configuration and session statistics are printed as below.
With a debug level of 4 or higher, a trace file is produced for each transmit and ack packet, data includes time stamp, segment number, round-trip time, congestion window, and threshold.
Depending on the debug level, events (timeouts, retransmissions, etc.) are loggged on stderr.
The following two excerpts contrast NewReno and SACK.
The data sets for the plots are created from the trace file (debug 4).
The example below shows a packet loss at time 2.22, and five other
losses within the same RTT.
NewReno sends a few new packets when after cwnd is halved, then
gets a partial ack, and retransmits packet 2225 after one RTT (95 ms),
and then retransmits packet 2227 after another RTT, and so on.
So full recovery (2.83) takes over six RTT's.
By starting multiple clients and servers (using different port numbers for each pair). you can even do some parallel stream experiments. The TCP-like UDP transport also can make good round-trip estimates from the time stamps. Most TCP stacks use a coarse (0.5 second) resolution timer for estimating round-trip time, and TCP times only one packet per round-trip time. The TCP estimates are complicated by retransmissions and delayed/cumulative ACKs. Newer TCP implementations support a time-stamp option. From analysis of the time-stamp data for our UDP protocol over the ORNL-NERSC link, we chose to initially implement a simple one-second timeout. (Timeouts are rare, and packet loss is usually detected by multiple duplicate ACKs.)
In 2002, we (Tom Dunigan and student Ashraf Jahangeer) added TCP Vegas-like options to atou. Each RTT, Vegas calculates the difference (delta) of the expected throughput and actual throughput. Vegas compares this delta with preset thresholds (alpha, beta, gamma), and exits slow start if gamma is exceeded, and adjusts cwnd depending on delta's relation to alpha and beta during congestion avoidance Though Vegas with small values of alpha/beta/gamma doesn't compete well with standard congestion algorithms on the same link, we are interested in experimenting with larger parameter values for high delay/bandwidth paths. Most of the previous work with Vegas has been through simulation. Below is a plot from an ns simulation of TCP Reno continually experiencing losses (insufficient router buffer space) and exhibiting the classic sawtooth performance, yielding only 75% of the link's capacity. In contrast, TCP Vegas avoids losses in this case and throughput reaches the link capacity (The flows weren't competing, they each were simulated independently for 60 seconds, 1.6 Mbs link, 100 ms RTT, delayed ACKs.)
Our atou Vegas allows us to configure alpha, beta, and gamma, as well as select the type of RTT (minimum, last, maximum, or average) used in calculating the actual throughput. Also we have parameter for using Floyd's slow-start when gamma is exceeded. Other differences between our Vegas and the original Vegas paper and the ns implementation include:
We have experimented using the Vegas gamma threshold during slow-start
to initiate Floyd's slow start (rather than max_ssthresh).
The figure below shows two transfers using a Vegas implementation
over our TCP-over-UDP from PSC to ORNL (OC12, 77ms RTT).
The standard Vegas exits slow-start if the Vegas delta is larger
than gamma and enters congestion avoidance phase.
The standard Vegas (actually using the Floyd AIMD mods) slowly increases
the window in congestion avoidance phase, further dampened by the Vegas
alpha/beta (1/3 in this test) and only reaches 36 Mbs.
The second transfer switches to Floyd's slow-start when gamma is exceeded.
Both transfers exceed gamma at about the 0.5 seconds into the transfer.
The Floyd version climbs quickly to the limiting window of 2000 segments
and reaches an average throughput of 232 Mbs -- nearly a factor of 8
Interestingly, for these tests,
the cwnd value when gamma (1) is exceeded is around 120 segments,
close to Floyd's suggested max_ssthresh of 100.
The figure below illustrates three different TCP-over-UDP
transfers from PSC to ORNL.
The path was exhibiting packet drops during slow-start.
The standard slow-start algorithm suffers a loss and recovers using
Floyd's AIMD and reaches an average throughput of 198 Mbs after 10 seconds.
By comparison, the Vegas-controlled transfers exit standard slow-start
when gamma is exceeded and switch to Floyd's modified slow-start
and have no packet losses.
The Vegas flow with a gamma of 2 reaches 219 Mbs,
the flow with a gamma of 60 reaches 229 Mbs.
The following plots show how standard Vegas (alpha=50,beta=80,gamma=400)
is able to avoid queueing and reduce latency when the buffers are
over provisioned at sender and receiver.
The two atou runs were made from a 100 Mb Ethernet host at ORNL
across OC12 to PSC (RTT 77 ms).
The bandwidth delay product suggests a buffer size of 660 segments,
but the transfers use buffers of 1500 segments.
The following plot shows the congestion window for standard TCP versus
standard Vegas (no Floyd slow-start exit), and the value of the Vegas
delta variable during the transfer.
Both flows reach about 85 Mbs at the end of 10 seconds, even though the Vegas flow backs off in slow-start when delta exceeds gamma (400) and goes into linear congestion avoidance, slowly incrementing cwnd, metered by alpha (50) and beta (80). The standard TCP consumes more buffers and as a consequence the RTT is increased. The following plot illustrates how the overprovisioned buffers cause TCP to suffer increased RTT, while the Vegas RTT stays close to the minimum RTT for the path.
Here are links to more Vegas info.
Test Cases
We have used the TCP-like UDP client and server in network configrations other than the two AIX machinies at NERSC and ORNL. We conducted various experiments between swift and stingray, using different buffer sizes, different TCP options within AIX, and different interfaces. We evaluated both TCP and our TCP-like UDP transport. Figure 2 illustrates the throughput behavior of a TCP flow with no loss. (Actually, the data was collected from our TCP-like UDP transport.) TCP (and our TCP-like UDP protocol) starts with a small window and then exponentially increases it until loss occurs or the available bandwidth or receiver's window size is reached. As can be seen in the figure, in less than a second, available bandwidth is reached. The rate or time to reach peak can be calculated analytically as well, since one additional segment (MSS-sized) is transmitted for each ACK received, which takes one round-trip time. We can't do anything about the round-trip time, so if we wish to improve the startup performance we need to have a larger MSS or try a larger initial window size. (See the links page for papers on increasing the initial window size. Our UDP transport has options for an increasing the MSS and initial window size.) TCP reaches a steady-state, the transmitter is regulated by the ACK arrival rate. Note that it takes many seconds over our ORNL-NERSC path to reach capacity.
The startup rate can be slowed by a factor of two if the receiver utilizes delayed-ACKs (sending an ACK for every other segment received).
To improve this recovery rate, one either needs a bigger MSS or a larger additive increase in the recovery algorithm. (TCP adds one new segment per RTT.) Using our UDP transport or the simulator, we can experiment with altering this increment. (Increasing the increment turns out to be "fair", because as it is, if multiple TCP flows are sharing a link and there is congestion, they all halve their rates, but the nodes nearer (shorter RTT) will get more of the bandwidth than the distant node. As with startup, a delayed-ACK receiver also slows down the linear recovery. To futher speed recovery, one could reduce cwnd by less than half. We have done a few experiments adjusting these AIMD parameters with our tests harness. Figure 3a compares standard AIMD parameters (0.5,1) with setting cwnd to 0.9 of its value and adding 10 segments per RTT.
See AIMD papers on links page.)
Most TCP-stacks utilize delayed ACKs, our UDP transport can disable delayed-ACKs and profit from a slightly faster startup rate. The effect of delayed-ACK's on throughput is evident in Figure 4. The figure shows average and instantaneous throughput of a TCP-like transfer with and without delayed ACK's. Using the droplist in our TCP-like UDP transport, we have dropped two packets in two transfers from ORNL to NERSC.
Even though the transfers are competing with other Internet traffic, the non-delayed ACK transfer starts up faster and recovers from the loss faster.
Using this same simulation configuration, Figure 5 compares average and instantaneous throughput for an Ethernet-sized segment (1500B) versus a jumbo-frame segment (9000B). As noted earlier, both startup and recovery times are effected by the segment size. ATM supports a 9K segment size, and FDDI supports a 4K segment, so if both endpoints had different network interfaces and the intervening path supported the larger segment size, then throughput should be improved.
With our TCP-like UDP transport, we can experiment with larger MSS sizes. We used a larger MSS (2944 and 5888 bytes) with our UDP transport and got better throughput. For the same number of bytes transferred and the same effective window size we got 50 Mbs with 1472-byte datagram, 55 Mbs with 2944-byte datagram, and 58 Mbs with 5888-byte datagram. (Figure 6) The UDP datagrams greater than the 1500-byte Ethernet MTU are fragmented by IP. These larger datagrams have an effect similar to TCP's delayed-ACK, in that all fragments (MTU-sized) have to arrive before the receiver ACK's the datagram. Kent and Mogul, however, argue that IP fragmentation usually lowers network performance.
The same effect can be gained by a "virtual MSS", that is choosing an initial startup of K segments (initsegs, and then adding K segments per RTT (increment) during recovery. The virtual MSS avoids the IP fragmentation. (Figure 6a) illustrates a transfer from NERSC to ORNL with two packets drops using the default MSS and then using a virtual MSS of 10 segments. The virtual MSS is also used for slow start, so there is improvement in starting the connection as well.
We have recently ('03) added Kelly's scalable TCP modifications the additive increase. An early comparison of recovery from a single loss can be seen here. This is an atou transfer from ORNL to LBL (80 ms RTT) with window limit of 1500 segments and with no delayed ACKs.
Parallel TCP streams also has the effect of multiplying the MSS by the number of streams, but parallel streams also profits from TCP's fairness by letting the application acquire a greater proportion of the bandwidth from competing application flows. Parallel flows often sustain higher throughput in the presence of loss, because often only one stream is affected, and it can recover to its window-bandwidth faster than a single stream with a larger window.
The configuration values initsegs, ssincr, and thresh_init
affect the rate and duration of slow start.
As noted above, the initial window size (initsegs) can be used
to create a virtual MSS, and there are several papers and RFC drafts
on choosing the initial window size.
Doubling the initial window size reduces the duration of slowstart by
one RTT.
By increasing ssincr from 1 to K, the duration of slowstart is
reduced by factor of log(K)/log(2).
In the figure below, standard slow-start (increment of 1) is compared
to a 10s test using a slow-start increment of 100.
The path is from ORNL to CERN (200 ms RTT)
Though not illustrated below, a larger ssincr will also speed
recovery in those cases where slow-start is used during the initial recovery
phase (e.g., timeouts).
Slow start stops when ssthresh is reached. In most TCP implementations, the initial value of ssthresh is infinite, and is set to cwnd/2 when congestion occurs. If the transfer is not window-limited, our experience has been that packet loss often occurs during initial slow start, so one can set thesh_init to some fraction of rcvrwin to try to avoid this early loss. Setting thesh_init to zero makes the inital value of ssthresh infinite. Floyd's slow-start modifications (max_ssthresh) and Vegas (gamma) can also moderate slow-start.
An OC3 (150 Mbs) connects ORNL and UT. We tested throughput with between two 100 Mbs hosts and found that the ATM/OC3 has been provisioned as a VBR link. Using rate-based flooding of UDP packets, we can reach nearly 100Mbs for a short while, then the traffic policing cuts the sustained rate to about 50 Mbs. We saw similar behavior using AAL5. The VBR policy has an interesting affect on TCP, letting it ramp up during slow-start, then dropping segments to bring the sustained rate back down. Choosing a window of about 22KB avoids any packet loss and achieves a bandwidth of 41 Mbs. Larger window sizes induce loss and reduce bandwidth, smaller window sizes cause the transfer to be buffer-limited.
3. ORNL-cable
We tested throuhgput and loss characteristics from a home cable-modem system to ORNL. The route is asymmetric and tortuous, some 20+ hops all the way to the west coast and back. During one test period, the route into the home cable modem appeared to split the traffic across multiple routes. Rate-based UDP flooding could reach 6+ Mbs in to the home without loss, BUT our test software showed that the UDP packets were wildly out of order (60% of the packets). Packets could be displaced by as much as 30 positions. TCP inbound throughput over this path could only reach 700 Kbs, because TCP treats 3 out of order packets as a loss and does a retransmit. With our TCP-like UDP protocol, we increased the "dup threshold" to 9 to account for the massive re-ordering and improved the throughput to 1.7 Mbs.
A more dramatic illustration of the effect of re-ordering is illustrated
in the following bandwidth plot of two flows from LBNL to ORNL (OC12,
80 ms RTT) with a window
of 2000 segments, with delayed ACKs, and with SACK enabled.
(The plot shows bandwidth measured every 0.1 second and the running average.)
The path out of LBNL exhbits a lot of reordering.
Using the standard threshold of 3, we can achieve only 18 Mbs after
10 seconds because of 9 congestion events resulting in 289 retransmits.
However, the atou server reports 289 duplicate packets received and
a max out-of-order of 7, so none of the packets were actually lost but
were merely out of order.
We ran another test with the client's dup_thresh set to 19.
This flow experiences no losses and reaches 218 Mbs after 10 seconds.
This particular period of heavy reordering lasted several hours
and is probably the result of path through a particular router.
The following figures shows the re-ordering events (green columns)
plotted with the
instantaneous throughput.
In each event, one packet was out of order by 8 slots.
For the threshold 3 example, there were 47 reordering events (0.3% of
packets were out of order).
For the threshold 19 example, there were 309 reordering events (0.2% of
packets were out of order).
The reordering events seem to be related to congestion or data-rate.
The time before the next in order packet arrived was less than a millisecond,
suggesting a reordering anomaly in a particular router.
See our references page for papers
on adjusting TCP to packet reordering.
Linux 2.4 TCP does
a good job of adapating to reordering and "undoing" the associcated
congestion avoidance (see our autotuning page).
4. ORNL-cable (ACK-limited)
The cable modem system we were testing limits data rates from the home to 128 Kbs. This limit in combination with the mutli-hop route actually limited our throughput into the home. Our TCP tests into the home cable modem were actually faster than what we could achieve with our TCP-over-UDP. Our TCP-over-UDP was not using delayed ACKs so there was twice as much bandwidth being consumed on the ACK path, and we were sending empty SACK blocks, further wasting ACK bandwidth. We trimmed off the empty SACK blocks in the ACK path and then enable delayed ACKs in our TCP-over-UDP software and that permitted us to meet or exceed the TCP bandwidth. So for this configuration, delayed ACK's provided a speedup. In some of our ns simulation work we noted that eliminating delayed ACK's also reduced the performance of TCP Vegas. We also have observed that no delayed ACK's during startup (observed with Linux 2.4) may cause packet burst from GigE interfaces that cause drops at some device in the path, so delayed ACKs may be desirable in this case.
We also tested the TCP-over-UDP protocol on slow dialup links, a dual ISDN link, wireless (802.11), Ethernet (10/100), FDDI, GigE, and HiPPI2/GSN links with 64K MTU (reached 1.3 Gbs). We have yet to do rigorous tests comparing the protocol's behavior to TCP, but throughput and loss rates for back-to-back tests are usually quite similar. (This presumes the network hasn't changed "much" ( :-) ) from one test to the next.)
How atou differs from TCP
Our TCP over UDP can do some things that most TCP implementations cannot do.
Our TCP over UDP also cannot do some things that TCP can do.
Work began on atou in the fall of 2000. We have tested our TCP-like protocol on a variety of networks, and on a number of operating systems, including Linux, Solaris, Sun OS, Irix, FreeBSD, Compaq's OSF, and AIX. We also did a port to Windows as well, though the source files do not contain those modifications. Where TCP could be tuned, we tried to get TCP to match or exceed the UDP client/server data rate. The TCP-like protocol has provided higher throughput in some cases than TCP.
The software provides both a time-stamped packet log and event-based information (entering/leaving recovery, timeouts, out-of-order ACKs, etc.) The debug modes give useful information on which packets were lost, window/threshold changes, bandwidth, round-trip times, and the classical sequence/ACK number graphs. The event and trace data have been very useful in understanding packet loss and throughput on various links.
The TCP-like UDP protocol is appealing because it does not require kernel mods to tweak TCP-like congestion/transport parameters. We have demonstrated striking changes in performance when modifing our transport's buffer size, MSS size, or the AIMD parameters. Disabling delayed ACKs and altering the dup threshold has also improved performance in some networks. For multiple losses within a window, the SACK/FACK options improved recovery as expected. We did not see much effect in altering the burst limit or the initial ssthresh value (limits initial slow start). Since we use slow-start after leaving a congestion event, bursts are reduced.
Future work
See our tech report A TCP-over-UDP Test Harness (June, '02), though the info on this web page is probably more current. Download atou.tar.gz
PSC's Treno uses UDP/ICMP packets and TCP-like slow-start and congestion control to estimate TCP capacity of a path. In November, 2001, Allman describes a UDP-based tool cap with TCP controls that can be used to measure the bulk transfer capacity of a path. Visit the network performance links page for related RFC's and papers.


text: News Article Lifesize and LG Collaborate on Video Conferencing Solution Paul Korzeniowski Published June 10, 2010 in Information Week "In video communication, the closest that one of our competitors has is three times the cost and five times the size. We would continue to innovate and for that we would double our investments both in terms of technological advancements and business expansion," says Simon Claringbold, Vice President, Asia Pacific, Lifesize. See the Report


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Send us your info and we'll connect you with an admissions specialist to assist you in the admissions process.Contact Us
As a History major, you'll take courses in topics such as:
The curriculum focuses on exploring history both as a subject and a discipline, approached through the lens of critical thinking. Students investigate the historical narratives of various regions and periods, tracing the influences of the past on our current times. A wide-ranging section of courses, covering topics from the ancient world to the Mississippi Delta, provide students with diverse tools for thinking about history, and a comprehensive understanding of the past and present. Close reading, clear writing, and critical thinking are emphasized.
Coursework includes 12 semester hours of core history courses, along with 21 semester hours of 300-level History electives or higher, and 12 semester hours of a foreign language.
Coursework includes classes in American Constitutional Development and American National Government, along with the required history courses, and excludes the foreign language requirement.
History courses are supplemented with teacher education classes and teaching experience in local classrooms, leading to an educator's license in History.
History courses are supplemented with coursework in law, legal research, legal writing, and more, fulfilling the requirements for future law school applicants.
Pre-law students with high test scores and excellent grades may enter the Three-Three Program, which positions qualified applicants for early admission to Mississippi College Law School. Coursework in government, constitutional development, law and legal research are included in the curriculum.
The Department of History and Political Science at Mississippi College strives to inspire our students to greater intellectual curiosity and stronger commitment to Christian and democratic ideals. Students explore the historical progress of civilization and the diverse philosophies of government. In so doing, they build their skills in critical thinking and and their knowledge about the world we inhabit. Faculty members are accomplished teachers, having received several prestigious teaching awards. They're also productive scholars, remaining active in professional organizations, publishing historical writing and research, and attending professional conferences to present research to their peers.
History students connect their learning to the real world through field trips related to Mississippi history, the experiential learning course in geography at Heifer International, and internships with local and national businesses.
Participate in Phi Alpha Theta, the honor society dedicated to promoting the study of history. The organizations works to encourage higher standards in research and teaching, and facilitate the exchange of ideas.
Our alumni have gone on to become successful lawyers, educators, researchers, and historians.
Mississippi College's physical address is 200 S. Capitol Street, Clinton, MS 39056.


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zinc oxide topical (generic name)
Calmol-4 Suppository (brand name)
It is used to treat or prevent minor skin irritations such as burns, cuts, and diaper rash
(zingk OX ide)
Table of Contents
Top Learning Centers(Recursos en Español)
What is this medicine?ZINC OXIDE (zingk OX ide) is used to treat or prevent minor skin irritations such as burns, cuts, and diaper rash. Some products may be used as a sunscreen.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
How should I use this medicine?This medicine is for external use only. Do not take by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription or product label. Wash your hands before and after use. Apply a generous amount to the affected area. Do not cover with a bandage or dressing unless your doctor or health care professional tells you to. Do not get this medicine in your eyes. If you do, rinse out with plenty of cool tap water.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. While this drug may be prescribed for selected conditions, precautions do apply.
What if I miss a dose?If you miss a dose, use it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, use only that dose. Do not use double or extra doses.
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Where should I keep my medicine?Keep out of reach of children.
Store at room temperature. Keep closed while not in use. Throw away an unused medicine after the expiration date.
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.


text:
Kudos & Kindness: Thank you for supporting Step into the Blue
December 17, 2012
On behalf of The League to Save Lake Tahoe, I would like to extend a very special thank you to Chris and Jason Thompson from Sushi Pier Tahoe for allowing us to be such a huge part of the second Annual Shred for Sushi hosted Dec. 12. The event was a huge success with an outstanding turnout. Your generous donation of $500 will enable us to continue our newest event series, Step Into the Blue. The goal of this event series is to encourage Tahoe enthusiasts to increase their awareness of the footprint we leave behind as we live and play in Lake Tahoe. The generosity and extreme helpfulness of your entire staff at Sushi Pier Tahoe has helped us to reach our goals, ultimately helping us to Keep Tahoe Blue. Thank you so very much!Leslie SchultzOn Behalf of the League to Save Lake Tahoe


text:
No matter what the ultimate fate of Milo Greene's self-titled debut album is, the group's Marlana Sheetz can always take comfort in one thing.
"It's nice to know my parents like it. That always helps," says Sheetz, 23, the youngest member of the self-described "cinematic pop" quintet from Los Angeles, whose debut album came out in July and hit No. 1 on Billboard's Heatseekers chart.
Sheetz assures that her parents "like cool things. Their record collection when I was growing up was kind of all over the place. Nobody in the family played music, but I was a big ham, I think. I watched a lot of singalong tapes; we had, like, a million of them and every Disney movie. I was singing all the time. They couldn't get me to shut up."
In Milo Greene Sheetz found kindred spirits, including three other lead singers that make the band's harmonies stand out in nearly every one of its songs. The group members were working on their own projects when they came together in 2010, and they took the band name from a fictitious booking agent -- who was said to be British, albino and a sharp dresser.
"Using that fictitious name helped us look more professional," Sheetz recalls. "You'd be surprised how much something like that actually matters when you're trying to book coffee shop gigs. You have to have somebody with some credibility to help you move forward, and we were able to turn this guy that didn't exist into that person.
"I'm sure if we would have kept using it, at some point somebody would've done some research and found out that person wasn't real. Fortunately we got to this level before anyone figured it out."
Milo Greene performs with Stars and Said The Whale on Friday, March 22, at the Majestic Theatre, 4140 Woodward Ave, Detroit. Doors open at 8 p.m. Tickets are $20. Call 313-833-9700 or visit www.majesticdetroit.com.


text:
What: Navy (2-0) at No. 10 South Carolina (2-0);
Where: Williams-Brice Stadium (80,250), Columbia, SC;
When: Sat., Sept. 16, 6 p.m.;
TV/Radio: ESPN2 (Mike Patrick, Craig James, Jeannine Edwards); Gamecock Radio Network, 107.5 FM In Columbia (Todd Ellis, Tommy Suggs, Terry Cousin); Replay on SportSouth (Andy Demetra and Brad Muller).
South Carolina will try to stay unbeaten when it hosts the Navy Midshipmen Saturday night in Columbia in the 2011 home opener. USC has posted a pair of high-scoring wins in the first two weeks featuring plenty of big plays by the Gamecock defense. USC coach Steve Spurrier hasn't minced words this week - he expects his team to play better on both sides of the ball.
USC OFFENSE v. NAVY DEFENSE:
The way South Carolina has thrown the ball the first two games, the best strategy against the smaller Navy defense might simply be to hand the ball off to sensational running back Marcus Lattimore and let him work his magic running between the tackles. Inside zone, anyone?
Stephen Garcia has led USC to a pair of early-season wins, but his numbers aren't the ones you usually see from a Spurrier-coached quarterback. Garcia has completed 18-of-40 passes for 252 yards and two touchdowns.
Last Saturday, he was overthrowing receivers early before finally settling down. He threw only seven passes in the second half as USC correctly put the game on Lattimore's broad shoulders, but one was a clutch fourth-down completion to Alshon Jeffery and another was a 30-yard scramble pass to Ace Sanders.
USC has never lost when Lattimore carried the ball 20 or more times in a single game. Historically, Navy has experienced trouble stopping big, strong running backs like Lattimore. So, if USC is able to exert its physical advantage in size and strength along the offensive front, it could be an extremely productive night for the sophomore running back.
Lattimore has 288 yards rushing in the first two games. The most likely scenario is a third straight 100-yard rushing game for him.
The biggest concern right now for the USC offense is the lack of wide receivers supporting Jeffery (10 catches) and Sanders (4 catches) in the passing game. Jason Barnes, D.L. Moore (injured) and DeAngelo Smith have largely been invisible in the first two games.
Nineteen of the 21 receptions have been made by Jeffery (10), Lattimore (5) and Sanders (4). Wide receivers coach Steve Spurrier Jr. sought to diversify the passing attack when the season started, but so far it hasn't worked out. This contest should give another receiver an opportunity to break out before the Gamecocks jump into the heart of their conference schedule next week.
Offensive line coach Shawn Elliott isn't issuing any apologies for playing the same five linemen for the entire Georgia game. As long as this week's game remains close, you should expect the same thing to happen.
Defensively, Navy knows it won't be able to match up physically with USC along the line of scrimmage. Under defensive coordinator Buddy Green, the Midshipmen prefer to play a 'bend-but-don't-break' philosophy against Division I programs that, like the Navy offense, tests the opponent's patience.
While linebackers Matt Warrick and Matt Brewer (three forced fumbles) are very active and lead the Navy defense with 17 and 16 tackles, respectively, Navy's best defensive player might be senior defensive end Jabaree Tuani, who tops the defense with 37 career appearances.
The 6-foot-1, 265-pound Tuani is already considered one of the best defensive ends ever to play at Navy. Last season, he registered a team-high 15.5 tackles for loss (ninth most in a season by Navy player) and finished second with five sacks. Tuani has 10.5 sacks in his career. He will be a handful for right tackle Rokevious Watkins.
Navy prefers to play the 3-4, but will occasionally shift into even man fronts. The Midshipmen have been very good early in the season at forcing turnovers, seven in all on four fumbles (tied for fifth most in the country) and three interceptions. Last year, Navy forced almost two turnovers a game.
KEY OFFENSIVE PLAYERS: QB Stephen Garcia, RB Marcus Lattimore, WR Alshon Jeffery, WR Jason Barnes, LT Kyle Nunn, RT Rokevious Watkins, C T.J. Johnson.
KEY DEFENSIVE PLAYERS: De Jabaree Tuani, NG Jared Marks, ILB Matt Brewer, ILB Matt Warrick,
COACH'S COMMENT: "Navy might be as good of an independent school as there is in the country. They've won 10 and nine and eight the last three years. I think they've beaten Notre Dame a couple of times. They're leading the nation in rush offense right now. They run the triple option, fullback, quarterback, pitch guys. We're going to have our hands full slowing down these guys. Their coach has done an unbelievable job, 29-14 in his three years" - USC head coach Steve Spurrier.
NAVY OFFENSE v. USC DEFENSE:
Navy's best defense on Saturday night might be their offense. In other words, the Midshipmen hope they can sustain some long drives and keep the talented USC offense - and its own defense - off the field.
Navy's narrow 31-27 loss at Ohio State in 2009 provides the blueprint of what can happen when the Midshipmen control the ball and dictate the offensive tempo. Navy started that game with a 15-play, 80-yard TD drive on its initial possession.
Later, they put together an incredible 15-play, 99-yard TD drive that drained 8:38 off the clock. The result of all that ball control by the Mids? The game went down to the wire with Ohio State intercepting the two-point conversion and returning it 99 yards for a two-pointer of its own to escape with the four-point win.
Quarterback Kriss Proctor directs a triple option offensive attack that is foreign to most SEC defenses. Navy looks to exploit that unfamiliarity by confusing defenses and grounding out yardage and consuming the clock. Proctor has been described as the fastest Navy quarterback in recent memory, so he's a perfect fit for the triple option.
Proctor is described as a QB who knows how to read defenses and is very skillful at distributing the football. He leads Navy in rushing with 199 yards on 38 carries in two games. He opened the season by rushing for 176 yards on 22 carries against Delaware, his second career 100-yard rushing game.
Navy did suffer a huge blow when senior running back Aaron Santiago suffered a season-ending broken forearm injury late in the first half at Western Kentucky last week. Santiago was one of the fastest players on the team (4.49 seconds in 40; 3.99 seconds in pro agility drill, fastest mark on the team). But Navy has plenty of choices with co-captain Alexander Teich (nicknamed "Alexander the Great"), a fullback, hoping to fill the void with his hard-nosed running style. Columbia native Gee Gee Greene is also an integral part of the offense at slot back. He has 833 career rushing yards (6.9 ypc; fifth best in school history) and five touchdowns.
After two weeks, Navy is the top rushing team in the nation, averaging 400.5 yards per game on the ground. But the defensive talent it must face this week is far and away the best it has seen this season. In terms of throwing the ball, Navy picks its spots and will patiently wait until they feel the time is right to throw it.
So far this season, Navy has thrown the football 14 times with seven completions in two games. Yet, it has three touchdown passes, the major reason why Navy is No. 119 in the country in passing offense and No. 3 in passing efficiency. Navy is averaging 20.9 yards per completion, a sign it often take teams by surprise.
The USC defensive line must guard against being overly aggressive. Defending the triple option requires the D-Line to display enough discipline to keep from going too far 'vertical,' something they're accustomed to doing against more conventional offenses. The best term for it is "controlled aggression." How well the line handle its assignments and stay at home will be one of the keys to the game.
In an effort to boost the run-defense, DeVonte Holloman has been moved to strong safety with D.J. Swearinger sliding over to free safety, giving the defense a similar look to last season.
The worst-case scenario for the USC defense is for Navy to maintain ball possession for long stretches of time, chew up the clock and fail to forces turnovers. If that happens, Spurrier and the offense will grow increasingly frustrated as the night wears one.
Conversely, the USC defense hopes to force as many three-and-outs as possible and get the Navy offense to throw the ball more than it would like. Grabbing an early lead at home wouldn't hurt in those efforts.
Navy's worst fears are for the Gamecocks to dominate the defensive interior, push the Navy center out of the way and wreak havoc in the backfield before the Midshipmen are able to execute their run plays. Without question, the athleticism and quickness of the USC defensive line will be a lot for the Navy offensive line to block. Will Navy be able to block Clowney, Ingram and Taylor, and avoid penetration from this three?
KEY OFFENSIVE PLAYERS: QB Kris Proctor, SB Gee Gee Greene, SB John Howell, FB Alexander Teich, RG John Dowd.
KEY DEFENSIVE PLAYERS: DE Devin Taylor, DE Melvin Ingram, DE Jadeveon Clowney, DT Travian Robertson, MLB Shaq Wilson, CB Stephon Gilmore, SS DeVonte Holloman, FS D.J. Swearinger.
COACH'S COMMENT: "We feel like it's an offense that gives us a chance to compete. People don't see it as much anymore, besides us and other academies and Georgia Tech. Everybody else is in the spread or running conventional stuff. I think from that standpoint, it helps us that guys don't have as many days to prepare for it" - Navy head coach Ken Niumatalolo
Quarterback - Even
Running Back - Edge to USC
Wide Receiver - Edge to USC
Offensive Line - Edge to USC
Tight End - Even
Defensive Line - Edge to USC
Linebacker - Edge to USC
Secondary - Edge to USC
Special teams - Edge to USC
SYNOPSIS: When you spend your college years training for warfare, not much is going to rattle you. Thus, Navy won't be intimidated by the boisterous environment at Williams-Brice. Nevertheless, after dousing Delaware and Western Kentucky in its first two contests, squaring off with a nationally ranked SEC team is a quantum leap forward for the Midshipmen. Nothing they've encountered in the first two weeks has prepared them for what they will face on Saturday night. Navy's best hope is the USC defense continues to underperform and fails to play with discipline as the Midshipmen try to establish the run early. But can Navy find a way to contain Lattimore, Jeffery and the USC offense? Doubtful.
PREDICTION: Time of possession rarely determines the outcome of a football game, but this could be one game where it tells the tale. If Navy is able to put together a couple of long drives, frustration could set in for the Gamecocks. But don't count on that happening. USC's athleticism on defense will be the difference. Moreover, expect Lattimore to spearhead a dominant USC offense that overpowers the undersized Navy defense. Spurrier doesn't lose these kind of games - he is 42-0 against non-BCS schools, including a 16-0 mark since his arrival in Columbia. But he has never faced Navy as a head coach. Is it still 1984? No. Sorry.
The Pick: USC 34, Navy 14
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text:
Annual state report card marks College of Education as in the top
For the third year in a row, Lipscomb University's College of Education has been recognized by the Tennessee Higher Education Commission as one of the most effective teacher preparation programs in the state.
In an analysis of scores over three years on THEC's Report Card on the Effectiveness of Teacher Training Programs, Lipscomb was found to be among the top six programs that have consistently produced teachers who outperform other teachers in the state from 2011 to 2013.
In the 2013 report card, Lipscomb scored statistically significant better outcomes than other beginning and veteran teachers in 35 different comparisons. Only two other programs – the Memphis and Nashville Teach for America programs – had more statistically positive areas than Lipscomb.
Lipscomb serves as the certification partner for Teach for America Nashville, providing the coursework required for Teach for America corps members to pass the Tennessee certification exam. In 2014, the college will become the Teacher for America institute host site for the program's summer training of new corps members.
Lipscomb has consistently fared well in the annual report card, produced by THEC, at the behest of the Tennessee General Assembly, to inform the public of the effectiveness of teacher training programs and to provide programs with the opportunity to improve the quality of programs through the use of data.
- In 2013, Lipscomb was found to have statistically positive results in the areas of TCAP composite scores, math, reading/language, sciences, social studies, algebra and English.
- In 2012, Lipscomb was found to have statistically positive results in the areas of reading/language, algebra and high school composite and TCAP composite scores.
- In 2011, Lipscomb was found to have statistically positive results in the areas of algebra and high school composite scores and was recognized as one of only three programs in the state to produce teachers who achieve higher student achievement gains than veteran teachers. The other two programs were the Memphis and Nashville Teach for America programs.
"Our goal at Lipscomb is to produce top-performing teachers who consistently increase the quality of our schools and who help our students create and reach their goals. It is rewarding to see positive results reflected on the THEC report card," said Candice McQueen, dean of the College of Education.
Earlier this year, Lipscomb's College of Education was also recently recognized as one of only four programs in the nation to achieve a four-star rating in the inaugural National Council on Teacher Quality's Teacher Prep Review, which evaluated more than 1,100 colleges and universities that prepare elementary and secondary teachers.
According to the NCTQ, the report is a consumer tool that allows "aspiring teachers, parents and school districts to compare programs and determine which are doing the best — and worst — job of training new teachers."
About the Lipscomb University College of Education
Lipscomb University's College of Education has a reputation for excellence that was established a century ago as Lipscomb began preparing teachers in the early 1900s. It is a known leader and innovator in education in the state of Tennessee.
The college offers undergraduate and graduate programs that enable candidates to teach in 24 different subject areas with students from kindergarten to high school. More than 800 students are currently enrolled in graduate education programs at Lipscomb and at three off-campus sites. The college's programs are fully accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education and the Tennessee State Board of Education.
The college has received more than $3.5 million in competitive grant monies to strengthen P-12 math and science instruction for local in-service teachers, including several recent Race to the Top grants and $1 million from the Ayers Foundation to establish the Ayers Institute for Innovative teaching and Learning.


text:
Darth Malgus. Teaser Inside...
Sideshow announces that their next 1:6th scale Star Wars release will be Darth Malgus. Pictured above is a teaser of the upcoming Sith Lord as seen in the video game Star Wars: The Old Republic. Stay tuned for a pre-ordering update, most likely to start next week.
To insure your action figure collection, get in touch with Collectibles Insurance, the official insurance company of the Figures.com network. Say "Figures.com" to get 5% off your first term premiums.
To buy action figures, take a look at BigBadToyStore.com, PlasmaInfusion.com, Toynk.com, BriansToys.com, ToyWiz.com, and MonkeyDepot.com.


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TV Legend John Forsythe Passes Away
TV Legend John Forsythe Passes Away
Copyright 2010 Getty Images
ET breaks the sad news that John Forsythe, who starred on "Dynasty" and lent his voice to "Charlie's Angels," has passed away. He was 92.
Forsythe died of complications from pneumonia in Santa Ynez, Calif. on Thursday.
" He died as he lived his life... with dignity and grace, after a year-long struggle with cancer," his family tells ET.
The family says there will be no public service for the late star, and they request that those wishing to honor his memory make donations to the American Cancer Society in lieu of flowers.
Forsythe won two Golden Globes portraying patriarch Blake Carrington on "Dynasty." He also voiced the mysterious Charles Townsend (who memorably made his presence felt via speaker phone) on "Charlie's Angels."
In addition to the numerous acting credits he amassed over his career -- which spanned over six decades -- Forsythe was a spokesperson and sponsor of the World Wildlife Fund. He also supported the American Cancer Society and the United Nations Association.
He is survived by his family including his wife, Nicole, his son and daughter-in-law, Dall and Ana Marie Forsythe, his two grown daughters, Page Courtemanche and Brooke Forsythe, as well as six grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.


text: News Director Don Briand covers breaking news from across New England and around the globe. Don has more that 40 years of experience in news, working in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Florida. He is the winner of numerous broadcast awards, and has been named NH Broadcaster of the Year. His volunteer work has garnered him both the Volunteer of the Year in 2009 and the 2015 Citizen of the Year award in Dover.


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Options and Accessories (View All)
Marketing Information
With millions of small- to medium-sized enterprises existing today, the requirement for carriers to provide integrated voice and data solutions is growing at a rapid rate. ADTRAN delivers with the industry-leading Total Access Integrated Access Devices (IADs). The Total Access 624 is cost-effective, fixed-port, IADs designed to support emerging packet architectures. This IADs offer enterprise users and integrated communications providers, such as CLECs, ILECs, and ISPs, a means to offer combined voice and data traffic over a single network interface terminatingat the customer's premises.
The Total Access 624 provides 24 fixed analog voice interfaces voice capacity for large voice applications. These analog FXS interfaces support the stringent design and full feature set required by today's carriers. Total Access 600 series IADs provide a built-in IP router and Nx56/64 V.35 port for synchronous data applications, allowing the customer to combine a broad variety of voice and data services into a single platform. Total Access IADs are compatible with industry-leading DSLAMs and voice gateways for packet-based applications. The FXS interfaces support all popular CLASS features. For PBX connectivity these IADs are also available with a built-in DSX-1 interface for digital voice applications, depending on the part number selected.
General Information
|Product Type
|Gateway Appliance
|Manufacturer Part Number
|Manufacturer Website Address
|Product Model
|Product Name
|Total Access 624 T1 TDM Gateway
|Product Line
|Total Access
|Product Series
|Brand Name
|24 x RJ-21 FXS
|1 x M/34 Serial
|1 x RJ-48 T1 WAN
|1 x DSX-1 WAN
|1 x RJ-48 Serial Management
|1 x RJ-45 10/100Base-TX LAN
|Number of Ports
|T-Carrier Port
Physical Characteristics
|Weight (Approximate)
|7.00 lb
|Form Factor
|Wall Mountable
|Standard Warranty
|10 Year
This product is shipped only within Canada and Warranty valid for Canada only.
Computer Valley makes every effort to provide accurate specifications, descriptions, images and price on all products that are found on www.computervalley.ca
However for complete and updated descriptions, compatibilities, specifications and actual photo we recommend our clients to consult with manufacturer's websites or simply call us for proper clarifications. Computer Valley is not responsible and will not accept returns for items purchased that are not compatible with your system. Please ensure that you have verified compatibility and actual photo with your system by visiting the manufacturer's web site prior to purchase or give us a call to make sure what you are purchasing.
For more information, visit our Shipping and Return policy.
Computer Valley wants to provide you with the best and fastest possible service. We try to ship in stock orders placed before 2:00pm EST the same day. For in stock orders placed after 2:00pm EST they are usually shipped the next business day. However there are always exceptions. Please contact us prior to placing your order if you need your purchase by a certain date.
We ship by UPS, FEDEX, USPS, CANADA POST , PUROLATOR and LOOMIS from the nearest locations possible based on stock in hand.
Please note: Computer Valley reserves the rights to accept and cancel any order at anytime due to pricing error or any other reason. An email will be sent as a confirmation of the order status.
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Live To Silat , Silat To Live Apron
Product Color:
Product information
Wearing this Apron Live To Silat , Silat To Live proves to everyone that you really CAN cook. I mean, who else would put on an apron for no other reason? And everyone knows that a Barbeque is a messy (and yummy) ordeal. Live To Silat , Silat To Live might even protect you from extra heavy duty splatters and spills.
The Silat Apron includes neck ties and extra long waist ties and makes any cooking experience rewarding. You are sure to receive many compliments! 35% Cotton / 65% polyester blend, twill fabric. Machine washable.
Sku: MD0BE0000033310202020509BLWI00000


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New office comes to Bradley's Turner Center
Linda Krendick, director of the Illinois Procurement Technical Assistance Center (PTAC) in the Turner Center for Entrepreneurship at Bradley University.
December 17, 2012
We are pleased to announce the opening of the of the Illinois Procurement Technical Assistance Center (PTAC) in the Turner Center for Entrepreneurship at Bradley University and the hiring of Linda Krendick as the new director.
The PTAC program has been an outreach and technical assistance provider in Illinois for over 20 years. The main focus of the PTAC center is to assist startup and established businesses market their product or service to government agencies or large business. The federal government continues to seek innovative products and services. Large businesses or prime contractors are seeking small business as mandated by the federal government; if the large business sells their product or service to the federal government. This mandate, called "goaling", stipulates that 23 percent of all federal contracts go to small business. The goal for our region is to leverage our specialized and innovative products and services in order to obtain contracts.
Krendick has more than five years' experience as a director with Illinois PTAC in central Illinois. She served as director at both former host locations of the program at Illinois Central College and the Heartland Partnership. She has been an advisor to more than 500 clients and helped them obtain more than $2 billion in contracts since 2008. She is an advocate in assisting small, female-, minority- or veteran-owned businesses.
Krendick previously worked 20 years in automotive manufacturing where she held business development leadership roles with product development, supply chain management, master requirements planning (MRP) and ISO 9000 metrics and standard operating procedures. She brings her expertise in the highly specialized area of manufacturing to benefit and support small business in production, quality systems, accounting systems and contract systems. Krendick is a certified business specialist in Illinois and a Level II associate contracting assistance specialists with the National Association of Procurement Technical Assistance Centers.
An alumna of Illinois Central College and the University of Illinois-Springfield, Krendick has a bachelor's degree in Business Management and is actively involved with regional economic development and entrepreneurship outreach. She is a members of several professional associations, including the Association of Procurement Technical Assistance Centers (APTAC), the Illinois Entrepreneurship and Small Business Growth Association (IESBGA), the Illinois Entrepreneurship Network (IEN,) the North Central Regional Council (NCRC) and the Midwest Small Business Liaison Officer Group (SBLO) in promoting business opportunity and growth in Central Illinois.


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Elizabeth Lower-BaschDirector, Income and Work Supports Policy Expertise federal and state TANF policy, income and work supports, systems integration, and job quality
Elizabeth Lower-Basch is CLASP's director of the income and work supports team. Her expertise is federal and state welfare (TANF) policy, other supports for low-income working families (such as refundable tax credits), systems integration, and job quality. From 1996 to 2006, Ms. Lower-Basch worked for the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In this position, she was a lead welfare policy analyst, supporting legislative and regulatory processes and managing research projects. Ms. Lower-Basch received a Master of Public Policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.


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PRODUCTS » Home Design Software?
Tired of Struggling with Complicated Home Design Software?
Easy Blue Print is a simple software program used to quickly create floor plans for home and office layouts with precise measurements. It has been downloaded by thousands of people, in almost any business you can think of. It offers all of the features necessary for getting the job done - just without all of the complications.
Create floor plans like these in minutes:
Quick look at Easy Blue Print PRO (full version) features
- You can quickly and easily create floor plan drawings and sketches - With little or no extra work...
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- Designed for the absolute beginner, but has all features required to create accurate, professional floor plan drawings
- You can cut and paste your floor plan drawings into Microsoft Word or other applications with just a few clicks of your mouse.
- Direct "to scale" printing of your entire drawing?no need to use "workaround" methods to get your plans seen quickly
- Position and modify wall dimensions in a snap
- Create accurate real estate brochures and floor plans to suit your needs
- Undo/Redo option
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- Change door, window & stair widths-these can all be drawn accurately to scale in both dimensions
- Create custom symbols and symbol libraries
- FREE support for both basic and PRO users...
- Compatible with Windows 7, Vista and XP...
- And much, much more..
Want to see more? We'll get you the information you want quickly.
- Find out about features
- See examples
- Watch the program in an online demo - without the need for installing any software!
See What Our Customers Are Saying About Easy Blue Print
|"I am a licensed engineer and my company is involved in forensic engineering work. I have been using Easy Blue Print for only a short time but find it to be extremely easy to use and very helpful in doing the floor plans that I need for my reports."
|Glenn Hardin, Principal Engineer
Hardin Engineering
6749 Green Acres, Ft. Worth, TX 76180
|"I don't usually do this, but I wanted to let you know how pleased I am with your product. I've been in residential/light industrial construction and I've never used a program that was so comprehensive yet simple. Its everything a person needs at a reasonable price. Symbol libraries are filled with something that meets what your looking for. I haven't figured out all the finer points, but after using it for only a day I feel confident in saying its a program I will definitely continue to use and recommend to others. Thanks!"
|Michael Chabra, Member of Chabra Construction, LLC.
|"I am becoming very skilled at the program, thanks to the tips which you have periodically sent me, as well as my becoming familiar with all the commands. I have a large task to make floor plans of several hundred apartment suites, from 1 to 4 bedroom units. My first effort, a 2 bedroom unit, took me over three hours. Now I can do a typical 2-bedroom unit in 20 to 30 minutes, and that's showing all the doors and windows and fixtures. So you have my endorsement and you are free to use whatever testimonial or excerpt from this email as you wish."
|Jim Glueck
|Read more...»


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HBO Directors Dialogues: Abbas Kiarostami
Saturday, October 6, 2012
Important: CASH ONLY for tickets purchased at the Bruno Walter Auditorium box office. Doors open at 5:30pm. Rush tickets available!
Arguably the major figure of post-revolutionary Iranian cinema, Abbas Kiarostami began making films in the 1970s as the head of a film unit operated by a cultural institute for the intellectual advancement of young people—work that established his great affinity for working with children and nonprofessional actors. His international breakthrough came in 1987 with Where Is the Friend's Home?, the start of a stunning trilogy set in the northern Iranian village of Koker in which each film reflects back on the previous one through the self-reflexive prism of cinema. A master of playful Pirandellian narratives and at blurring the line between reality and fiction, Kiarostami has since gone on to win the Palme d'Or at Cannes (for 1997's Taste of Cherry, the first Iranian film so honored) and to expand his artistic horizons with acclaimed work in the fields of photography and video art. As he comes to NYFF with his latest feature, the Japan-set Like Someone in Love, Kiarostami will discuss his remarkable career in conversation with author and past NYFF selection committee member Phillip Lopate.


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Expensive Sleevelesss are an Idakoos specialtiy! Idakoos has many things to offer. Whether you want to get a Expensive Sleeveless for a special occasion, give a Expensive Singlet as a present or need to represent with a funny Sleeveless Expensive Shirt during Holidays or Family and Friends get-togethers, Idakoos is sure to have the right Expensive Sleeveless for you! Even if it turns out you can't find the right Sleeveless Expensive Tee with the perfect design for your mother, father or children (or friends!); Idakoos offers all of its men's women's and children's Expensive Sleevelesss as Custom Expensive Sleevelesss. Personalize any Expensive Sleeveless the way you want to ensure the perfect gift.
Showing 1 - 24 of 68 Sleeveless T-Shirt


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This blend of herbs and spices to rub on fish is the latest Costco product that really made me smile. I've long been a fan of Pride of Szeged Fish Rub, but I've had a hard time finding it locally, although you can order Pride of Szeged Fish Rub online. The flavor of these two fish rubs is pretty similar, but the Costco version is really a bargain.
Before I give you more ideas for how I've used this product and South Beach Diet friendly fish recipes, just a short message about Weekend Herb Blogging from last week. Over the weekend Blogger.com mistakenly identified Kalyn's Kitchen as a possible spam blog (due to how my recipes are archived with a page of links.) I couldn't get into my dashboard at all on Sunday, the day I normally write the recap, but now that they've seen I'm a real person all is well, and it will be coming in the next day or so.
(Edit - Thanks to Amber who reminded me that the original tin this comes in is very hard to open. After I'd used this once or twice I transferred it to a glass jar with a wide mouth, big enough to reach my hand in and get some to sprinkle it on the fish.)
South Beach Suggestions:
South Beach Diet Phase One Fish Recipes I've Loved:
Baked White Fish with Onions, Peppers, Olives, and Feta
Grilled Halibut with Garlic Cilantro Sauce
Herb Encrusted Grilled Salmon
Grilled Salmon with Asian Dipping Sauce
Greek Salmon Cooked in a Grill Pan
Grilled Salmon with Sun-Dried Tomato, Olive, and Caper Relish
Sauteed Scallops with Garlic
Warm Scallop Caesar Salad
Grilled Sea Scallops with Paprika and Cilantro Salsa
Almond and Parmesan Baked Tilapia
Sauteed Tilapia with Parmesan Crust
Grilled Spicy Tuna
Grilled Tuna with Cherry Tomato Salsa


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Under Pressure
Once again, the bounce buyers are anxious to catch some upside but they are pressing too hard and as soon as the market falters, they will look to escape, which keeps the pressure on.
The big problem bounce buyers face is a relief rally, which seems painfully obvious, but any upside move is quickly flipped to death. We'll eventually see a better bounce, but it isn't going to happen until the market makes mincemeat out of folks who think it is going to be easy time....143 more words left in this article. To read them, just click below and try Real Money FREE for 14 days.
There's no substitute for a trading floor to get great ideas, so Jim Cramer created a better one at Real Money and blogs there exclusively. We then added legendary hedge fund manager, Doug Kass, with his exclusive Daily Diary and best investing ideas. Staffed with more than 4 dozen investing pros, money managers, journalists and analysts, Real Money Pro gives you a flood of opinions, analysis and actionable trading advice found nowhere else, and allows you to interact directly with each expert.
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Group Booking Terms and Conditions
Because you are making a Group Booking, there are additional Terms and Conditions that apply. Please read them and click 'I Accept' below to continue with your booking
General Group Booking Terms
By making a group reservation through Hostelworld.com you agree to the following terms and conditions as set by Hostelworld.com and as set by the hostel in question.
- In order to make a group reservation on Hostelworld.com it is necessary to pay a deposit. The balance is due directly to the hostel according to their payment conditions.
- The booking deposit is non-refundable.
- Please note that any cancellations must be notified directly to the hostel at least 24 hours in advance of your scheduled arrival date, unless otherwise stated in the hostel's conditions.
- Hostelworld.com are not responsible for changes or amendments to your reservation once it has been processed. All correspondence with regard to changes to your booking need to be dealt with directly with the hostel.
- Cancellations for reservations must be made directly with the hostel and must conform with the individual hostels cancellation policy (see below)
- It is your responsibility to pay the balance of your accommodation cost to the hostel in accordance with their payment conditions (see below). Failure to do so may result in your reservation being cancelled by the hostel.
- Individual hostels may have special booking conditions relating to group stays, please read the hostel booking conditions carefully before making your reservation.
Hostel Specific Terms & Conditions
The remainder of the amount due will be charged to your credit card 4 weeks prior to arrival. Should numbers or room selection change, the per person deposit times the number of people who actually travelled will be deducted from the total accommodation charge levvied by the hostel.
Cancellation / No Show & Reduction in Numbers Policy
- In case of Cancellation, a cost of 1 night accomodation will be deducted from the Guests' visa cards.
- Cancellation should be 1 week prior to arrival.
Additional Terms and Conditions
Children sharing their parents' room and younger than 6 yr old are granted free accommodation.
Children sharing their parents' room and older than 6 yr old are bieng paid for 50% of accommodation & meals rates.
Children sharing their parents' room and older than 16 yr old are bieng paid for full accommodation & meals rates.
Any cancellations resulting from agreement to these terms and conditions under false pretences will result in loss of deposit.
É necessario accettare i termini e condizioni per confermare la prenotazione.
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Robert Griffin III walked away with the NFL Rookie of the Year award Saturday. Don't look for him to be ready to show why when the Washington Redskins' 2013 training camp opens.
Griffin continues rehab from January's knee surgery and likely will be on the physically unable to perform list, also known as the PUP list. He had repairs on torn ligaments in his right knee, and reportedly is ahead of schedule in his recovery.
He has no doubt he will be ready when the Redskins open their season, according to The Washington Post. "My goal is Week 1," he said. "That's all I'm really worried about."
So confident is Griffin, he warned the NFL he will be better next season. "You'll see a better Robert Griffin," he said in receiving his award in New Orleans.
Griffin did so without crutches, having jettisoned them two weeks ago. He had only a slight limp in his first public appearance since a Jan. 6 playoff game against the Seattle Seahawks in which his knee was injured.
For now, Griffin will continue with two rehab sessions a day with specialists in Florida, plus another one on his own. He plays to visit Redskins headquarters this week, The Post reported.
"I went through the toughest part already, so it's now it's just about being smart, not pushing it too much," he told The Post. "That's what the doctors are there for, to keep me from doing too much."
It's not just the Redskins and their fans who are itching for Griffin's healthy return. The NFL wants to know how soon he will be ready for nationally televised games, ESPN reports.
The league will release its 2013 schedule in April.


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Now that Apple (AAPL) has broken through the $500 level, many are wondering where the bottom is.
Apple bear Jeff Gundlach has a price target of $425. I have to give credit to Gundlach. He's been right as rain since September with his bearishness as the stock has fallen to $486 from $705. (In fairness, Gundlach first became very bearish against Apple back in the $500s before it ramped up to its all-time high and then started coming down again. Nobody remembers that now, so Gundlach's call looks spot on.)
Will it get that low? I'm not sure, although I believed that $500 was really going to be the bottom of the trough.
I sat in on a really interesting webinar with Dan Nathan of Risk Reversal yesterday. Both he and Enis Tanner felt that, at $500, Apple was really in noman's land. From a technical perspective, they both felt that that stock had further to fall, possibly to the $450 level.
At those levels, both felt that Apple would be a really interesting buy.
Will it be Apple earnings in 10 days that helps to spark a rally? Possibly.
There's certainly a lot of overhang right now after the Journal story earlier this week suggesting demand for the iPhone 5 was drying up. It's hard to see how that's going to be resolved until Tim Cook actually gets on the earnings call and starts to give some color commentary to the demand he's seeing.
Sometimes the reaction in Apple's stock to the earnings announcement can jump around on the first day or so afterwards, but really only start to show a directional trend a few days after all the analysts have come out with their take.
No one knows, but I'd say the $450 level would be very interesting to get long the stock or increase your position. I was waiting for the fiscal cliff drama to resolve itself. It did, but then I still couldn't get comfortable to buy more Apple stock at the beginning of the year.
But I think the $450 level would be a very interesting point of entry. That would represent a 36% decline from the recent high. Apple has seen bigger drops than that over the last eight years, but that's definitely on the higher end of the scale.
Is it frustrating for the Apple longs to see the stock consistently underperform the market day after day? Sure. But who was complaining last spring and summer when Apple was beating the market every day?