text: Conductor's daughter comes home again to play By Autumn D. F. Hopkins March 30, 2013 Story Share CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- A graduate of the music program of Boston University with a master's from the Peabody Institute in Baltimore, Talia Schiff is an accomplished cellist. But she is also the product of a musical heritage rooted in the history of the West Virginia Symphony Orchestra.Her father, Charles Schiff, conducted the former Charleston Symphony Orchestra from 1965 to 1977. His passion for music and drive for perfection led a group of community musicians into an orchestra of professionals. Talia Schiff is carrying on his legacy.Schiff is a cellist in the all-female chamber music ensemble Elysian Camerata. The Philadelphia-based group will perform April 6 at Christ Church United Methodist as part of the Charleston Chamber Music Society season.What does she remember most about Charleston? Without hesitation, she replied, "Sunrise. I loved Sunrise."Schiff was in the third grade when her parents moved here from New York. She said her parents were looking for a safer place to raise a family, and Charleston offered a wholesome, and still culturally rich, alternative.She attended West Virginia University as a music major until her junior year, when she became serious about pursuing music as a career, and transferred to Boston University.With her father a cellist and a conductor and her mother an avid piano teacher, Schiff and her sister were immersed in classical music. Schiff began her musical career with the Charleston Youth Symphony under the tutelage of conductor John Lambros, who also was concertmaster of the CSO. Schiff said she hadn't been back to Charleston until two years ago when she returned for a George Washington High School class reunion.She and her husband, Mark Mercer, drove the back roads down from Philadelphia."I was surprised. It felt like coming home," Schiff said of the drive that took them past Seneca Rocks and Spruce Knob -- places she remembered visiting as a child.During the 2011 trip, she visited with Lambros, now age 95 and still teaching music lessons. She said Lambros helped her develop her musical skills first in the youth symphony, and then her father directed her when she moved on as a 16-year-old apprentice in the orchestra. "It is different when you're the conductor's child. Everyone treats you a little cautiously," she recalled.Her father started the apprentice program as a way a musician could play and learn alongside a paid musician. It allowed local musicians to improve and to become professional without leaving to study somewhere else. Schiff played one year as an apprentice and one year as a paid member of the orchestra.Even as a paid member, though, she still wasn't fully committed to her music. After she transferred to Boston University, she said she realized she had only been a big fish in a small pond in Charleston. If playing music was what she wanted to do with her life, then it was time to get serious and make a commitment.Although the visit this weekend will be a quick one, she said it will be a reunion of sorts. Schiff's college roommate is driving down from Morgantown to see the show, and another friend is driving up from Richmond, Va. But, most important, her mother is flying in from Atlanta to be here, in their former hometown, to watch her play. After the concert, Schiff said she hopes she'll be able to spend time sharing memories with those who touched her life so many years ago.As for Elysian Camerata, Schiff said the women have played together in different incarnations for 25 years, but seven years ago they made the commitment to form the group.For years, Schiff said, they did what musicians do to pay the bills: playing bar mitzvahs, weddings, in other orchestras. But once a year they would play as a group, pouring their hearts into their love of chamber music.After the annual concert, she said, the musicians were depressed because it would be another whole year before they could do it again. So they decided it was now or never. They would never be at a better place in their lives to try. They formed Elysian, meaning "heavenly," and they have been going strong ever since.With a four-show season in Philadelphia, an active touring season and a new CD available on cdbaby.com, the women are pleased with their success.The Charleston Chamber Music Association will present Elysian Camerata at 7 p.m. April 6 at Christ Church United Methodist. Tickets are $20 and may be purchased in advance at www.charlestonchambermusic.org. Autumn D.F. Hopkins may be emailed at firstname.lastname@example.com. Story Share Story Share Trending Now 1 Facebook founder visits Cabin Creek Health Systems 2 Volunteers aid flood victims in Elkview, Clendenin 3 WVU hopes to get injured defenders back for TCU 4 Teen pleads guilty to voluntary manslaughter in Oakes Field shooting 5 Huggins, WVU tap South Florida hoops talent Travel Notes: March 31, 2013 Previous Story CindySays: Throw your routine a changeup Next Story


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Effect of Percutaneous Botulinum Toxin A Injection on Natural Course of Upper Lid Retraction in Thyroid Eye Disease
The recruitment status of this study is unknown. The completion date has passed and the status has not been verified in more than two years.
Verified February 2007 by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Information provided by:
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: August 31, 2006
Last updated: February 26, 2007
Last verified: February 2007
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
In active phase of thyroid eye disease some patients have obvious upper lid retraction , and sometimes exposure keratopathy .To date there is not any standard treatment for this situation . We are going to compare the natural course of the upper lid retraction with injection of botulinum toxin A injection to upper lid percutaneously.
|Eye Diseases
|Drug: Botulinum toxin A injection
|Phase 2 Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Non-Randomized
Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Botox Eye Diseases
Drug Information available for: OnabotulinumtoxinAU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences:
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|Child, Adult, Senior
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- all the patients wiht oper lid retraction in active phase of thyroid ophthalmopathy
Exclusion Criteria:
- patients in non active phase
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00370734
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00370734
|Contact: Babak Babsharif, MD
|+98 21 22585952
|Iran, Islamic Republic of
|Babak Babsharif, MD
|Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of, 16666
|Contact: Babak Babsharif, MD +98 21 22585952 email@example.com
Sponsors and Collaborators
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
|Principal Investigator:
|Babak Babsharif, MD
|Ophthalmic Research Center of Shaheed Beheshti Medical University
More Information
Keywords provided by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00370734 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|August 31, 2006
|Last Updated:
|February 26, 2007
Keywords provided by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences:
botulinum toxin
thyroid eye disease
lid retraction
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Eye Diseases
Graves Ophthalmopathy
Eye Diseases, Hereditary
Graves Disease
Orbital Diseases
Thyroid Diseases
Endocrine System Diseases
Autoimmune Diseases
Immune System Diseases
Botulinum Toxins
Botulinum Toxins, Type A
Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors
Membrane Transport Modulators
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Cholinergic Agents
Neurotransmitter Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Neuromuscular Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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You learn a lot about a team when its facing elimination.
How do they respond? Are they united? Or do certain players try to do thier own thing? Will the healthy guys pick up the slack from our walking wounded? Will guys on the bench cheer or pout? Will our guys try to play basketball or fight (or cheapshot) the Pistons? If things aren't going well, will our players and coaches try to blame this on the refs during or after the game?
We've lost three of our last four. They say that 'winning cures all ills.' I don't agree, but I do think that winning has hidden some potential underlying chemistry issues on this team all season.
In five hours, we'll know a lot more about what some of the guys on this team are made of. Some of our young guys left a pretty bad impression the last time they faced elimination (shoving Mel Daniels is never a good idea, for example, but that's not the only one.)
Now is when it really gets interesting.


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We are swimmers
It's what we do – it's what we've always done.
We are Swimmers
We are the first in and the last to leave.
We feel the water and the freedom underneath.
We stand at the edge, passionate, confident, free.
We take a deep breath and dive right in.
We break the surface, exploring, learning, moving.
We are the part-time paddlers and full-time medal winners.
We are him, her, the young and old.
We are the freestyle, the froggy and all that's in-between.
We are there, in the silence and the deafening roar.
We are in the moments of victory and the refusal to give in.
We are the feeling you get after and the need to return.
We are swimmers, it's what we do, it's what we've always done.


text: Do you follow us on Facebook? You should. We annouce specials, events and just have plain old fun over there! We even have contests all summer long for a chance to win prizes like season passes, Curley's Fries for a year and so much more. NEW this year we started Foodie Fridays where we tell you what's new, our personal favorite menu items and even the best deals. Don't forget to Like and Share your Morey's Piers love with your friends!


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Topic: My mom is not doing well
Well, it's that day. That day when your face-to-face with it. This morning, I spoke with mom's doctor and she asked me if mom wanted to be at home, in hospital or at a hospice.
Mom went into the hospital on November 24th for a stent replacement. It was just past the three month mark and we didn't think much of it. Her jaudice returned but we were on top of it this time. She went to the radiology clinic where it took all of 10 minutes to replace. Then she had a clear lunch due to the meds and home we went. She was tired but that seemed normal. Over the next few days she seemed to get more tired but we put it down to the hospital meds wearing off. She still had an appetite and was functioning reasonably well. However, slowly but surely we realized she wasn't bouncing back the way we all expected.
The thing is, she was doing so well these past few months - much better than I thought she would when she as first diagnosed. She had moved into a new apartment in a Retirement Lodge and was really liking it. She made new friends and was really having a ball. We'd arrive and find her down with everyone enjoying entertainment, getting a manicure or just having tea with her friends.
She was so much stronger than she had been this past summer. And she was enjoying life so much.
Over the past few days, her bilirubin count has jumped to 189 - that is compared to the 118 count last week when she went to her stent replacement appointment. She's fairly glowing and incandescent now.
She also has pretty severe acities (fluid build up) in her abdomen which is causing her to be short of breath. And her appetite has virtually disappear although she is loving green grapes. Finally her heart - her incredibly strong and beautiful heart - is now beating irregularly.
We're going to see her tomorrow (I am bringing my two girls as well). Blake will take the girls to their cousins after they visit Oma and then one of my sisters and I will sit down with mom to make sure we are doing what she wants - home, hospital, hospice. I am grateful that the lactulose helped her memory and confusion so that we can still have this discussion before we can't (something we never would have discovered if it hadn't been for this site).
I am so grateful for my sisters and brothers. And I'm also grateful that today the pain is not bad. And so far, she's not vomiting although she is taking very little in. I'm trying to hang on to these goods things so I stay grounded and don't get carried away by the incredible sadness I feel.


text: Slim heathered slub cotton shirt in alabaster plaid Item F3368 Color: ALABASTER Size: SMALL All sizes are US sizes. SMALL Size Charts Quantity: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Prices do not include taxes. Add to Bag Wishlist Add to Bag Add To Wishlist share: size & fit Slim fit, cut more narrowly through the body and sleeves. Product Details Back when yarn was only spun by hand, subtle variations in the width gave clothes a naturally textured feel. We've recreated that rustic homespun quality for this heathered shirt and added a plaid pattern that'll carry you through the rest of the season and beyond. Cotton. Point collar. Single pocket with flap. Machine wash. Import. Item F3368.


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For instance, the other day both teams were wearing blue and white. "Well," George explained, "one has blue on the top and one has blue on the bottom."
That makes no sense to me. Once again, I think they should choose one color for their whole uniform and stick to it. Some could wear stripes, others polka dots and another team hot pink, etc. Don't confuse me by wearing the same colors as the opposite team, even if one is on the top and the other on the bottom. When the men are in a pile, who can tell whose bottom is whose anyway?
At any rate, I have recently created some football-reaction stock phrases that I am going to stick to from now on, and you are welcome to borrow some if you are a woman (I don't mean to be chauvinistic, but women as a whole are too smart to understand football). Here are some good phrases you can shout at the television:
"Don't cha hate it when that happens?" This is the perfect phrase to use when "your" team fumbles the football or the ball is intercepted. (It can also be used when someone backs into something and dents a fender.) It rather puts things in perspective, I believe. Like, there is WWI, WWII and that pass interception. That's perspective.
"Stop that!" What is it, anyway, when someone fumbles the football and one man throws himself on the ball and then everyone piles on top of him? Now I know that they are probably making sure no one steals it from the person who threw himself on it first. As each new player jumps on the pile, I can imagine the man on the bottom of the pile's face being pushed deeper and deeper into the mud. How can he breathe with eight 400-pound men on top of him?
As the referee peels the players off one by one and the bottom man emerges, why isn't his nose broken? And heaven help any man who is unfortunate enough to make a touchdown! All of his teammates pound on his helmet or try to pick him up or do a back flip over him. Think of the reverberations inside his helmet! "Stop that!" you can shout at the television. It never works, but you are showing compassion.
"Wow! Look at that ball go between the uprights!" Only shout that, though, if it is your team that has scored. If it misses, revert to, "Don't cha hate it when that happens?"
"What a kick!" Knowing the difference between a "punt" and a "kickoff" is very important. Both look alike to me, but a kickoff is done after one team scores and the team's kicker kicks the ball off a very large golf tee. A punt occurs when one team has failed to make a first down after three tries. A kicker holds the ball himself and punts the ball in the opposite direction.
Not to confuse you, but another type of kick is known as the "point after." When a team makes a touchdown, they get six points, and then another kicker tries to put the ball between the goal posts (sometimes called the uprights or nirvana) for one point. This time, the "center" throws the ball to a teammate who places the ball down for the kicker. (Think Lucy holding the football for Charlie Brown.)
Each team seems to have six or seven kickers but only one quarterback. Also, if the kicker gets the football between the uprights, he is once again mishandled by his teammates pounding him on his back or on the helmet or body bumping him into unconsciousness. "Stop that!" also works here.
"Hold that line!" I have no idea what this means, but when I was a cheerleader in high school, that's the only phrase I knew in football season, and it seemed to work.
"Anyone want a beer?" Now, this is the best football phrase of all. If you don't know what else to say and everyone is in a grouchy mood because of an interception, a foul or a bad call, just shout out this phrase. Honestly, it works every time. However, watch out because everyone might start pounding you on the back or slapping you on your helmet.


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The Texas Rangers signed free agent catcher A.J. Pierzynski but have missed out on several other players they targeted this offseason, including Josh Hamilton, Zack Greinke, Justin Upton, James Shields and Cody Ross.
Now Texas may be eyeing outfielder Michael Bourn, one of the few big-name free agents left on the market, CBSSports.com reports.
Bourn, who will turn 30 on Dec. 27, batted .274/.348/.391 as the Atlanta Braves' leadoff hitter last season. He stole 42 bases in 55 attempts; the 13 caught stealings were the most in the major leagues.
Agent Scott Boras is seeking an expensive multiyear deal for Bourn, and teams like the Philadelphia Phillies, Washington Nationals and San Francisco Giants have gone with cheaper outfield options. Additionally, the New York Yankees say they are not interested.
The Rangers' interest in Bourn "seems to be more in the infancy stages," with team officials asking around about him, according to the CBSSports.com report. Texas has lost Hamliton, Mike Napoli, Michael Young, Scott Feldman and Koji Uehara already this offseason, so the team would seem to have plenty of room for new acquistions.
The team has a top center-field prospect in Leonys Martin, but it's not clear whether the 24-year-old is ready to take on the starting job.
The Seattle Mariners appear the be the main suitor for Bourn. The Boston Red Sox and Los Angeles Dodgers have been linke to Bourn, but their interest seems to be limited.


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he/she is going to get some nasty emails. We're apparently the 8th seed. Or something, this is a weird preview.
Conventional wisdom After locking up the key players from last season's spunky run, the Pacers are poised to fill the gap at the top of the Eastern Conference caused by Derrick Rose's injury.
Actual wisdom Last season's starting five was dominant. Know what else it was? Improbably healthy. Paul George, David West, Granger, Darren Collison and Roy Hibbert played 1,000 minutes together -- or 253 more than any other five NBA teammates spent as a unit. Hope they all took it easy this summer. Indiana did little to overhaul its weak bench, so the starters will have to work overtime again. Counting on a repeat of a statistical anomaly is no way to game-plan. -- Beckley Mason
Basketball Prospectus predictions
Projected record: 44.4-37.6
If Granger scores 25.8 ppg: 51-31 (2-seed)
If Granger scores 18.7 ppg: 46-36 (7-seed)


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Crowan (Cornish: Egloskrewen) is a village and civil parish in Cornwall, England. It is about three-and-a-half miles (6 km) south of Camborne. The River Hayle rises near Crowan and flows through the village and the railway branch to Helston passed nearby.
The parish had a population of 2,375 according to the 2001 UK census. Crowan Churchtown is not the largest settlement; there are villages at Praze-An-Beeble, Nancegollan, and Leedstown and hamlets at Black Rock and Bolitho. The settlements of Carzise, Clowance Wood, Drym, Fraddam, Gwinear Downs, Horsedowns, Nine Maidens Downs, Noonvares, Paul's Green, Releath, Townshend and Tremayne (Crowan) are also in the parish and have been redirected here.
Crowan was part of the Helston Rural District from 1894 until 1934 and part of the Kerrier Rural District from 1934 until 1974.
Research Tips
One of the many maps available on A Vision of Britain through Time is one from the Ordnance Survey Series of 1900 illustrating the parish boundaries of Cornwall at the turn of the 20th century. This map blows up to show all the parishes and many of the small villages and hamlets.
The following websites have pages explaining their provisions in WeRelate's Repository Section. Some provide free online databases.


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The Last Crusade is a unique trading card wargame based on the campaign in Europe that brought World War II to an end. Cards feature platoon-level infantry, armor, and air units from German and American forces, as well as terrain, leaders, fortifications, and special events--all represented by authentic, rare, often never-before published period photographs.


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Ray Price Memorial Scheduled For Saturday
(AP) – A memorial service is set for Saturday for country music legend Ray Price.
The service is set for 1 p.m. at a church in Mount Pleasant, Texas – about 110 miles northeast of Dallas.
Price died Monday at the ranch he owned with his wife near Mount Pleasant. Price was 87 – and is credited with changing the sound of country music as he teamed up with some of the genre's biggest stars.


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For months, Apple's (AAPL) stock price has been tumbling. The world's most valuable public company has hemorrhaged $200 billion since September. Bloggers and "informed sources" warn of sagging demand for its revenue-generating iPhone. And some analysts have become downright gloomy about the company's fate.
Now it's Apple's turn to tell us how bad — or surprise us with how good — things really are.
In one of the most highly anticipated earnings reports in recent memory, Apple on Wednesday will announce results of its fiscal first quarter. And judging by how divided analysts are about Apple right now, you'll be able to hear a pin drop all over Silicon Valley when CEO Tim Cook addresses them on the conference call.
"This is by far the widest distribution of estimates we've ever seen," said Leigh Drogen, co-founder and CEO of forecasting site Estimize. "It's really amazing because there's simply no consensus there about Apple; the analysts are all over the map."
While the consensus view expects a 3 percent year-over-year decline in earnings, the polled analysts' estimates run the gamut from a nearly 14 percent decline to a 12 percent increase, according to Thomson Reuters. And if Apple does show a drop in profit, it'll be the first such decline in nine years.
Apple watchers will be looking for several key numbers to see if Apple's stock slide reflects either an overreaction by investors worried about increasing competition among smartphone makers or real-deal troubles that now threaten the Cupertino tech giant from all sides.
"The first thing I'll want to know is what the iPhone shipping number was for the quarter," said Amit Daryanani with RBC Capital Markets, who's forecasting sales of 46 million iPhone units. "There's been a lot of concern over the parts production being severely cut. But what drove that? Was it really weakened demand for the iPhone or was it supply-chain issues?"
Analysts on average expect the company to show sales of 48 million iPhones, a big jump from the 37 million it sold in the same period a year ago. If Apple falls short of that number, it would reinforce some analysts' gloomy outlook. Complicating things is that Apple doesn't break out how many iPhones it sells of each type.
Daryanani is also keen to know if Apple can drive revenue higher while maintaining gross margins, and he wants to see if strong sales of the new iPad Mini are the result of "cannibalization of the 10-inch iPads versus organic demand" from new tablet buyers.
The pressure is on for Cook, who took over the helm 16 months ago from co-founder Steve Jobs. Cook has yet to persuade investors that all is well within the Apple kingdom, despite the much-heralded launch of the iPhone 5 and iPad Mini under his watch.
When it reported its previous quarterly earnings in October, Apple forecast $52 billion in revenue and earnings of $11.75 a share. Wall Street's expecting the company to top that at $54.69 billion and earnings per share of $13.41, based on a poll of 47 analysts by Thomson First Call. That per-share number is down from the $13.87 analysts were expecting ahead of last quarter's forecast.
One other factor adding to the big unknown: Apple finished off its calendar year in a big way, upgrading nearly its entire line of computers and launching brand-new versions of the iPhone, iPod and iPad. And while that may mean a huge holiday quarter for sales, it also raises a question: Does Apple, which has a long history of staggered product releases, have enough up its sleeve to sustain its momentum in 2013?
We'll all be a lot better equipped to answer that question Wednesday afternoon.
Contact Patrick May at 408-920-5689; follow him at Twitter.com/patmaymerc.
As Apple prepares to announce its fiscal first-quarter earnings Wednesday afternoon, here are three things to keep in mind:
1. While their consensus view expects a 3 percent year-over-year decline in earnings, analysts' estimates run the gamut from a nearly 14 percent decline to a 12 percent increase, according to Thomson Reuters. If Apple does show a drop in profit, it'll be the first such decline in nine years.
2. As Apple's main moneymaker, the iPhone must show strong sales numbers. Analysts on average expect the company to report sales of 48 million iPhones, a big jump from the 37 million it sold in the same period a year ago.
3. With the new iPad Mini selling like hot cakes, is Apple cannibalizing sales of its larger-screen iPad, or are the Minis being scooped up by new tablet buyers coming into the Apple fold?
Source: Mercury News reporting


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Home Cell Bible Study Workbook, Volume II is a continuation of the series for engaging in a small unit bible class for your family or small group.
©2012 Henry Epps (P)2012 Henry Epps
Say something about yourself!
"Start a Home base Study group today!"
Today many Christian believers are leaving traditional church settings because of the futility of humanistic teachings that do not develop the believer to mature spiritually, but reduce the wonderful teachings of Jesus Christ to materialistic, humanistic and selfish pursuits of emptiness! The folly of living a life pursuing mammon and self-produced righteousness is the acts of vanity that leads to failure and a life of darkness. The flesh can never be satisfied and the pursuit of temporal things are in itself a temporary fix to a eternal problem. this books teachings will be a wonderful tool to form a home base bible study group.
understand how much God loves me and his plans for me are good and will end a wonderful way.
Yes, Mr Gray is an excellent narrator and teacher of the word of God!
yes, learning the word of God and the cost Jesus has paid for my sins and eternal salvation!
Jesus love is perfect, Jesus sacrifice is perfect and the will of God is perfect.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


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Six of the best gadgets and gizmos on a theme. This week: Six of the best iOS accessories.
By Peter Jenkinson For the time being, it would appear that Apple has the upper hand over its competitors.
The range of accessories available for the iOS family is massive - and it's continuing to grow.
Here are six items to set your iPad, iPhone or iPod apart from the crowd.
Scan-in' - DOCS2GO Scanner for iPad - £149.99 from www.firebox.com Taking the tablet one step further towards competing with the laptop is this super-smart device. This portable scanner will copy any photo or document up to A4 size directly on to your iPad. Just slot your document into the scanner - whether you're at home, work or the local coffee shop - and marvel as it appears on the screen.
Stand up - Speck iGuy Case and Stand - from £22.97 from www.mobilefun.co.uk There is a strong chance this case was designed with under-10s in mind. But if you want to protect your iPad or iPad mini from bumps, drops and other altercations with solid surfaces, then this grin-inducing foam case is ideal for children and adults alike.
Superior speaker - Zeppelin Air - £499 from www.johnlewis.com This splendid Bowers & Wilkins audio system is the latest in digital signal processing. With Apple's AirPlay, you can wirelessly stream music from your iPod directly to the Zeppelin Air, as well as filling your rooms with a punchier, richer sound. This finely crafted unit will look the business in your abode too.
Eighties update - 3D Movie Viewer - £11.99 from www.find-me-a-gift.com Who remembers the View-Master from the 1980s? This lookalike device has been given a 21st century makeover. Download film trailers and more on YouTube by searching for YT3D, slip in your iPhone 4 or 4S into the handheld viewer, then enjoy the in-your-face 3D footage that follows.
Easy listening - Jukebox Dock - £89.95 from www.johnlewis.com There are speaker docks aplenty out there, from the miniature to the oversized, but for something that stands out from the crowd, consider this retro number. The neon-style trim gives this speaker dock a real vintage feel, while the cradle is suitable for all your iOS devices and it delivers a decent sound from the integrated stereo speakers.
Tap away - Logitech Logicool Solar Keyboard Folio Case - £107.62 from www.johnlewis.com Taping on your touchscreen keyboard can be a tad frustrating. But this keyboard/cover combo for the latest iPad and iPad 2 is sure to be a worthwhile investment for anyone who does a fair amount of typing. Powered by light so it doesn't eat into your battery life, it doubles up as a hard-wearing case to protect your device from bumps and scratches.
App of the week - Angry Birds Star Wars - Free from Google Play and iTunes Rovio has managed to breath new life into the Angry Birds franchise - and it's near perfection. Set in a galaxy far, far away, use your lightsaber and Jedi powers to blast away the pigtroopers. With new worlds and new weapons, there's plenty to differentiate this game from its predecessor.


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My garden is exploding with zucchini these days, and a few weeks ago I got it into my mind to make chocolate zucchini bread. I wanted the bread to be more chocolate tasting than sweet, to be low in sugar, to use 100% whole wheat flour, and to use a lot of zucchini, and when I began looking for recipes, I didn't find one that seemed like quite what I had in mind so I started experimenting.
If I were a little more intuitive about baking, it might not have taken me five tries to come up with the winning combination for this Low-Sugar and Whole Wheat Chocolate Zucchini Bread, but I figure my baking skills can only get better with all this practice! Happily I loved version #5 of this bread, and if you like chocolate things that aren't super sweet and you have zucchini that needs to be used, I hope you'll give this one a try.
Stir in 1 1/2 cups grated zucchini.
Mix the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients, and stir just enough to combine.
Then fold chopped walnuts into the batter.
Pour the batter into a loaf pan that's been sprayed with nonstick spray.
Low Sugar and Whole Wheat Chocolate Zucchini Bread
(Makes one loaf, or about 12 slices, recipe created by Kalyn, with inspiration from a lot of recipes that were not quite "the one.")
2 eggs
1 cup Stevia In the Raw Granulated Sweetener, Splenda, or other sweetener
1/3 cup brown sugar (or use 1/3 cup more sweetener, but I like a small amount of brown sugar in this)
6 T grapeseed oil or canola oil
1 tsp. vanilla
1/4 cup buttermilk
1 1/2 cups grated zucchini
1 cup white whole wheat flour
1 tsp. baking soda
1/4 tsp. baking powder
1/2 cup unsweetened cocoa powder
1/4 tsp. salt
3/4 cup chopped walnuts (or pecans)
In a small bowl, combine the eggs, sweetener of your choice, brown sugar, oil, vanilla, and buttermilk. Stir in the grated zucchini.
In a slightly larger bowl, mix together the white whole wheat flour, baking soda, baking powder, unsweetened cocoa powder, and salt.
Mix the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients, and stir just enough to combine. Then fold in chopped walnuts or pecans. Scrape the batter into loaf pan that has been sprayed with nonstick spray. (I also used the rubber scraper to spread the batter to make the top of the loaf even.)
Bake 45-50 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center of the bread comes out clean. Let bread cool in the pan, then slice and serve.
South Beach Diet Suggestions:
Nutritional Information?
More Baking with Zucchini:
(Recipes from other blogs may not always be South Beach Diet friendly; check ingredients.)
Savory Zucchini Bread with Cilantro, Scallions, and Cheddar from Food Blogga
Low Sugar and Flourless Zucchini Muffins with Pecans from Kalyn's Kitchen
Zucchini Spice Loaf from Butter Sugar Flour
Low Sugar and Whole Wheat Zucchini Muffins with Pecans from Kalyn's Kitchen
Soaked Zucchini Bread from Food Renegade
Low-Sugar and Whole Wheat Garden Harvest Cake with Zucchini, Apple, and Carrot from Kalyn's Kitchen
Yeasted Zucchini Bread from Green Gourmet Giraffe
Low-Sugar and Whole Wheat Zucchini Bread with Blueberries and Pecans from Kalyn's Kitchen
My Special Zucchini Bread from 101 Cookbooks
(Want even more recipes? I find these recipes from other blogs using Food Blog Search.)
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Labor Day Holiday Schedules for Fairfax County Government
Aug. 20, 2008
News Highlights
- Schedules for Fairfax County Government offices and services for the Labor Day holiday on Monday, Sept 1.
More Information
County Government – Closed
Courts – Closed
Public Schools and School Offices – Closed
Libraries – Closed Sunday, Aug. 31 and Monday, Sept. 1
Fairfax Connector – Sunday service
Fastran – Not in service
Park Authority –Facilities will open at regular time and close at 6 p.m., George Washington and Oak Marr RECenters are closed; nature centers are open from noon to 5 p.m.; historic sites are open from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.; Frying Pan Farm Park is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., the visitor center is closed; Green Spring Gardens is open from noon to 4:30 p.m., the Historic House is closed.
Community, Teen and Senior Centers – Closed*
County Trash and Recycling Collection – Open; have trash and recyclables properly set out at curb by 6 a.m. to ensure collection.**
Recycling and Disposal Facilities at I-66 and I-95 – Open
* Reston Community Center's Hunters Woods facility (2310 Colts Neck Road, Reston) will be closed. The Lake Anne facility will be open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
** Residents receiving trash and recyclables collection service from private collection companies should contact their service provider directly to learn of any schedule adjustments for the holiday.
Fairfax County Office of Public Affairs
12000 Government Center Parkway, Suite 551
Fairfax, VA 22035-0065
Contact: Merni Fitzgerald, Director of Public Affairs
703-324-3187, TTY 711, Fax 703-324-2010
Media Pager: 703-324-NEWS (6397)
Fairfax County is committed to
nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in all county programs,
services and activities. To request this information in an alternate
format, call the Office of Public Affairs at 703-324-3187, TTY 711.


text:
Writer David Foster Wallace found dead at home
59 minutes ago
CLAREMONT, Calif. (AP) — David Foster Wallace, the author best known for his 1996 novel "Infinite Jest," was found dead in his home, according to police. He was 46.
Wallace's wife found her husband had hanged himself when she returned home about 9:30 p.m. Friday, said Jackie Morales, a records clerk with the Claremont Police Department.
Wallace taught creative writing and English at nearby Pomona College.
Wallace's first novel, "The Broom of the System," gained national attention in 1987 for its ambition and offbeat humor. The New York Times said the 24-year-old author "attempts to give us a portrait, through a combination of Joycean word games, literary parody and zany picaresque adventure, of a contemporary America run amok."
Published in 1996, "Infinite Jest" cemented Wallace's reputation as a major American literary figure. The 1,000-plus-page tome, praised for its complexity and dark wit, topped many best-of lists. Time Magazine named "Infinite Jest" in its issue of the "100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005."
Wallace received a "genius grant" from the MacArthur Foundation in 1997. His short fiction was published in Esquire, GQ, Harper's, The New Yorker and the Paris Review. He wrote nonfiction for a number of publications, including an essay on the U.S. Open for Tennis magazine and a profile of the director David Lynch for Premiere.
Born in Ithaca, N.Y., Wallace attended Amherst College and the University of Illinois.
Maybe this will seem silly to everyone else, but this makes me sad as hell. This guy was my favorite writer in the world, and the sheer humanity that ran through IJ seriously inspires me to be a better, more caring + attentive person everyday. I had a secret wish of seeing him read his work someday, likely after when I thought he'd publish his third novel. Looks like there won't be a third.


text:
Extended Loan Period Program
G1–G3 GSAS students only
Currently graduate students can borrow books for a 28-day period with the option to renew in 28-day increments. A program is in place in Fine Arts, and Loeb Music libraries that extends the borrowing period to a term with the option to renew online up to five times. Due dates for extended privileges will be either February 10 or September 10, depending upon when the items are checked out. All material is subject to recall.
Graduate students who wish to participate in the Extended Loan Period Program can apply online through the GSAS Extended Loan Request form.
Applicants will be eligible for the new privileges one business day after their application is submitted. Extended loan borrowing privileges only apply to regular circulating material. Overdue fines and replacement costs will be billed through the Harvard University Term Bill Office.
Please note that G1-G3 students are automatically given extended loan privileges at Widener library.
Please contact the Widener Library Privileges office with any questions by phone at 617-495-4166 or through e-mail.


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Time for a bit of relaxation on a lazy Florida beach? Want to feel the waves lapping at your feet, the warmth of the sun while relaxing by the pool or watch
sunsets from your Gulf-view balcony? It's time to call Florida Lifestyle Vacation Rentals. Florida Lifestyle specializes in beachfront condominiums along Indian Rocks Beach, Indian Shores, Redington Beach, Redington Shores and Madeira Beach. Each of the many properties offer a variety of amenities that serve but one purpose: to ensure your stay is as comfortable and carefree as possible. The Beach Cottage condo community, for example, offers 1, 2 and 3-bedroom condominiums that are privately owned and decorated. There's a wide, sandy beach out front, a heated pool, hot tub and gas grills. Florida Lifestyle Vacation Rentals offers secure on-line reservations and a money-back guarantee on all rentals.
For information and a list of properties, log on to http://www.ourcondo.com/ and click on "reservation" or "check availability" from any property page. For assistance, call direct 800-487-8953 for information.
The Good Life Starts Here
[Note: There is time-sensitive information in this post. Offers and information presented here may not be valid after a certain time, even if no expiration date is listed.]


text:
SEATTLE — Sally Jewell, CEO of REI, has been nominated as Secretary of the Interior.
Sally has led REI as CEO since 2005 and during that time has provided steady leadership for the co-op and its thoughtful growth. During her tenure REI has increased sales from $1 billion to nearly $2 billion, added 71 stores, and greatly expanded its online business. Under Sally's leadership, the company has been named annually to Fortune Magazine's list of the Best Companies to Work For.
During her tenure, Sally championed the co-op's engagement in supporting volunteer stewardship of public lands, as well as the efforts to manage REI's environmental footprint.
"Sally's broad business background, community leadership, and her depth of knowledge of the range of issues managed by the Department of the Interior will be of significant value to the department and great service to the nation," REI stated in a press release.


text:
Made to get from point A to point B faster, WTB's tubeless-compatible Nano TCS Lights are fast-rolling, dry-condition tires with working side edges that bite into hardpack and loose soil. With a round profile, micro-knob design and a superlight, yet supportive casing, the Nanos float over choppy terrain and hold fast in many conditions, allowing you to lean hard and keep your speed in corners. And, WTB's TCS tires deliver the ride benefits of tubeless tires with the reduced weight of a non-UST tire, so you get the best of both worlds.
|Manufacturer's Part Number
|Vendor Number
|Store SKU


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Android Users - Coming Soon! - Migrating from aCar 4.8 to 5.0
Real Name: Ricky Anderson Joined: September 2011
No vehicles yet.
Dont coast in Neutral
In an automatic don't coast in neutral leave it in gear and ... ...
by only1battman
Read more tips
© 2017 Fuelly.com - All Rights Reserved. Sep 26, 2017 10:31 AM CDT
A simple & effecive way to track fuel consumption
Easy to understand the real cost of your vehicle


text:
By The Time I Get to ArizonaHistorians/History
In a fabled land that imagines itself as a "nation of immigrants," ethnic studies programs would seem to be a natural fit for classrooms all across the United States of America. If we truly were a great "melting pot" of ethnic identities, it would seem reasonable, and indeed necessary, to explore the various ingredients that made up America's collective social stew. A genuinely egalitarian society would value the history of all its constituent parts and seek out the various ways in which every assimilated person had contributed to the collective social whole. Our democratic principles, which champion free speech and open debate, would certainly embrace a diversity of perspectives as we explored the larger melting process and encouraged every historical voice to be heard. Anything less would amount to totalitarianism, which we claim to despise, or fascism, which we claim to have defeated (current legislation withstanding).
On the other hand, we may assert that the various European "immigrants" who populated this nation, in conjunction with the indigenous peoples who were already here and the African peoples who were violently enslaved and involuntarily shipped across the Atlantic, actually resisted the great melting pot paradigm. Here we might assume that all Americans kept some, or even most of their original cultural traditions. In this scenario, ethnic studies programs would seem to be all the more essential. With no overarching, all-inclusive national culture, our unum would be exclusively a function of our pluribus. This would once again require a concerted effort on our parts to make sense of our varied histories and tell the truth about every group in America, no matter how painful or uncomfortable that may be. America's founding fables would need to be revised, and the ideal of assimilation would be forced to give way to the reality of pluralism.
Either way, studying ethnic history in a country where everyone is supposedly an ethnic "somebody" would seem to be as American as apple pie (or to delineate its "foreign" influences, an Egyptian engineered semi-sphere of dough filled with some twice imported Turkish fruit). Indeed, the "Western" educational aim of the wider ethnic studies project is clearly bolstered by the fact that academia is perpetually, and almost religiously, engaged in the business of compartmentalizing subject matter into discrete, teachable, and well-defined areas of study. European history, for example, aims to provide students with a general grasp of European civilization while stressing Europe's many contributions to humanity. Students need not be of European origin to take such a course, nor to benefit from it. Students who do happen to be of European ancestry may or may not take a certain amount of pride from such a course, depending largely upon which elements of European history are stressed and revealed and which ones are minimized and concealed. Students may develop a deeper sense of their own personal identities in light of this newfound historical knowledge, or they may regard the entire affair as ancient history that has no real meaning in their daily lives. The overall process does not preclude, and may even demand, studying history from different perspectives, in different places, and at different times.
When studying from a European perspective, this simply becomes one way of looking at human history. In recent years, the so-called "developing" continents are now also validated via this process. Latin American history can focus exclusively on the development of Latin America, African history can freely explore the peoples and legacies of Africa, and so on, and so on. Nothing is broken and the usefulness of organizing information in this way, for better or for worse, is now widely accepted as valid educational protocol in classrooms all across the nation.
Yet for some strange reason, the moment that African history becomes African American history, or Mexican history becomes Mexican American studies, things start to fall apart. These particular incarnations of ethnic history, along with Native American and Asian American studies, have relentlessly and consistently become the sites of cultural controversy, social outrage, and hateful legislation. To understand why, a brief survey of the history of ethnic studies programs in America can help serve as a guide.
The Drama Begins
The great irony, of course, is that from the very outset white American history was written purposefully and unapologetically in an effort to "advocate ethnic solidarity." This was accomplished by pitting white American setters in a moral battle against the evil British Empire on one side and an untamed wilderness filled with "savages" on the other. The architects of Arizona's House Bill 2281 are clearly not concerned that by bringing back an outdated version of American history that they might "promote resentment" towards the British (certainly a "race or class of people") or that such a history would be "designed primarily for pupils of a particular ethnic group" (in this case white Arizonians). Yet this is exactly what the earliest histories of America aimed to do through books, pamphlets, and newspapers, which were written to "promote the overthrow of the United States government" and create a national American identity that was distinct from all "others."
In this vein, honest Arizona teachers will have a tough time complying with the letter of the law while teaching students about the patriotic valor of the Revolutionary period. The Declaration of Independence, as the founding document of our national democratic experiment, makes it the "Right of the People" and the sacred "duty" of every citizen to overthrow the U.S. government if, at any point in time, that new government ceases to function in the interests of the people. Some might claim that we perpetually overthrow our government every four years; we just do it in a peaceful ballot box. Overthrowing other people's governments (violently or otherwise) is another story altogether. Suffice it to say that revolution, resentment, and regime toppling are all part of our collective national legacy and continue to inform our policies to this today. For Arizona to outlaw one form of revolutionary dissent, in the form of ethnic studies programs, they would, in all fairness, need to outlaw all such forms of dissent in the teaching of history, including examples in the American Revolution, the Civil War, Reconstruction, the civil rights movement, etc., etc. This kind of censorship would have the unwanted consequence of erasing many of the most cherished portions of America's past.
Even as the dominant revolutionary brand of white ethnic history was being codified in early America, alternate ethnic histories began emerging. Anthony Johnson, in the mid-seventeenth century, named his family farm "Angola" in an effort to retain the history and the legacy of his African homeland. His farm, and the history that it preserved, were almost entirely repossessed by those intent upon excluding people of color from the wider American landscape. His children were left with little more than scraps—remnants of a history that might have been. Pocahontas defiantly refused to reveal her true name to her Virginia captors—symbolically guarding the history, the rituals, and the traditions of the ancient Powhaten people from their European colonizers. Early Scottish, Irish, Dutch, and German narratives also offered a competing history which challenged British hegemony and argued for a place in the sun for America's various, and soon-to-be-white, ethnic minorities. To imagine such efforts as being "un-American" would certainly require a very twisted revision of the past; one which neither the opponents nor the supporters of Arizona's HB 2281 would be willing to seriously entertain.
The Middle Passage
Over the next hundred years following its independence, America was forced to confront the lingering problem that it created when it chose to liberate only a select few ethnicities from a government of tyranny, oppression, and injustice while leaving others in a languishing state of bondage. Ironically, freedom depended upon confinement. As slavery continued to fester, and the genocide of Native American people continued, America found that its history was at war with itself long before the states began firing shots at one another. The North and the South in the period leading up to the Civil War were engaged in an ongoing battle to define the meta-narrative of American life and fixate the position of the peculiar institution. Would America live up to its soaring promises and its lofty ideals or would it transplant its own brand of neo-feudalism to the New World?
This sectional divide was chronicled by Bessie Louise Pierce in her 1926 book Public Opinion and the Teaching of History in the United States. Pierce's book, which was conspicuously dedicated to Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., was one of the first scholarly explorations of what we now call American "history standards" and examined how the production and politicization of national history books impacted the nation. In her book, largely informed itself by the post-WWI cultural climate, Pierce argued that all forms of ethnic history and patriotic indoctrinations should be abandoned in favor of a more intellectually "objective" version of the past. Attempts by Catholic Americans, German Americans, Irish Americans and others to write themselves into early American history were seen as threatening, biased works of "propagandist agencies." These efforts by white ethnics groups were viewed by Pierce as undermining the goals of professional historians that were perfecting the writing of history towards a more scientific and absolute version of an allegedly stable social past. The danger to "American" identity posed by these white ethnic groups may seem odd today, but at the time was the cause of extreme alarm.
Although Pierce makes almost no reference to people of African descent, numerous African Americans spoke out forcefully in print during the antebellum period as they worked to recast American history by bringing the evils of slavery to the foreground. Early slave narratives, including those of Harriett Jacobs, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and Venture Smith, were in many ways designed to re-write the history of slavery and fill in the gaps that were being ignored by both Northern and Southern historians. The endless appetites for such accounts, be they sensationalized or not, provided clear evidence that the public at large demanded a more complete history of the past, as opposed to what was being told to them in the official renderings. Although riddled with problems, these accounts, along with various other Native American narratives, became the cries of America's excluded ethnic groups yearning to be heard, even if their voices would knowingly become distorted, misappropriated, and exploited in the process. In this genre, the written form of ethnic studies was born.
After the Civil War, the North and the South were both compelled to reconcile with one another and remake the past. Historians have examined everything from race, religion, gender, economics, and memory to determine exactly how (or if) white Northerners and Southerners eventually buried the hatchet, re-imagined the war, and bridged some of their deepest divides. Revising the sectional and regional histories that predominated before the Civil War, while constructing a history that both sides could embrace, was no easy task. Making sense of slavery was central to this process and was not without its controversy.
African Americans, for their part, threw their hats into the ring and demanded that the nation hear their side of the story. In 1883 George Washington Williams produced what might be regarded as the first formal academic work in ethnic studies. The History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880 was "well researched" by today's standards, to put it mildly. Williams consulted over twelve thousand books (that's 12,000), while referencing over one thousand (yes, 1,000) of them in his footnotes and reviewing an extensive array of primary documents. Shockingly, his work received very favorable reviews even from the white press who could not deny the validity of such an exemplary endeavor. Williams seemed to anticipate Arizona's current anxieties long before its statehood, however, when he assured his readers that "I have not striven to revive sectional animosities or race prejudices" and that he was not a "blind panegyrist of my race" but that he simply hoped to "to record the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth." Absolutist epistemology aside, ethnic studies programs today have remained surprisingly true to this legacy and, despite claims to the contrary, are not in the widespread business of promoting "resentment toward a race or class of people."
T. Thomas Fortune, the African-American editor of the New York Age, reviewed and advertised Williams' book extensively and spoke at length about its historical significance. One year later he published his own contribution to the field of ethnic studies titled Black and White: Land, Labor and Politics in the South. Fortune, who had made a name for himself through his fervid editorials in the New York Age, delivered one of the first explicitly Marxist interpretations of race relations in America, a trend which would become vitally important to proceeding generations in the ethnic studies medium. Fortune argued, somewhat naively, that poor blacks and poor whites in the South should abandon the yoke of racial animosity and unite behind their common class interests in a post-emancipation multiracial movement aimed at social justice for all. His appeal demanded that poor Americans recognize that racism in America was the deliberate design of ruling white elites and that it represented the efforts of capital to keep the proletariat divided and disempowered. Even though historians have abandoned Fortune's, Williams's and Pierce's affinity for absolute truth, objectivity, and totalizing schemes, the quest to produce a more perfect history that can be reasonably instituted in our public school system is still a daunting and omnipresent task.
The Evolution of Ethnic Studies
Efforts to produce a complete history of the American past broadened in the first half of the twentieth century as successive world wars, rapid industrialization, and the preliminary emergence of a more interconnected and globalized world spurred the development of new ethnic studies projects. Carter Woodson founded the Journal of Negro History in 1916 and ten years later initiated what we now know as Black History Month. Looking at the period just after Woodson's heyday, UCSB Professor of Black Studies George Lipsitz argued in his 2001 book American Studies in a Time of Danger that ethnic and American studies finally came into their own with the convergence of the social, political and artistic movements of the Great Depression. For Lipsitz, politics drove identities. He found that the economic turmoil and political upheavals of the 1930s prompted many white ethnics to reconsider the key question of what it meant for them to be American and caused scholars to re-think American identity in a more fragmented and compartmentalized manner. This shift has dominated the study of American history ever since. Thus, the reactionary measures against ethnic studies programs today by the radical Right in Arizona, are responding as much to the intellectual foundations of a hyphenated America based in the 1930s as they are to the more obvious civil rights movements of the 1960s. It should come as no surprise that once again today, during the "Great Recession," battles are resurfacing over what it means to be American and how American history should be taught. Many of the same economic insecurities and fears of a government/minority takeover that characterized the Great Depression have returned today, along with the scapegoating of downtrodden people and their ethnic histories. It seems that the backlash has a past.
During these same transitional 1930s and 1940s, ethnic studies proper was in full swing as well. Japanese artists and activists responded to America's home front concentration camps and pointed out the insanity of locking up Japanese Americans in the name of national security while German and Italian Americans got a free pass via their whiteness. African Americans such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey, though diabolically opposed to one another, worked to re-write the history of the African diaspora and develop a pan-African orientation to confront the denial of social justice in America. Du Bois's Black Reconstruction, often viewed as a pivotal text in the field of ethnic studies, was also written during this period and attempted to re-interpret America's "unfinished revolution" long before the scholars of the sixties and seventies got around to it. At the same time, the Pachuco movement among Mexican Americans began to appear in large urban centers. Although it masked itself as a cultural movement, the intellectual roots of the Pachucos ran deep and, after the zoot suit riots of 1943, the Chicano movement would slowly emerge to reveal the political frustrations behind the Pachuco's hip artistic displays and challenge the subservient history that was levied upon Mexican Americans.
Built from Below
Most people trace contemporary ethnic studies departments to the civil rights era of the 1950s and '60s, and this is partially for good reason. Although the arc towards ethnic studies had already been firmly established, it was during this turbulent period that the conservative anti-intellectual currents of McCarthyism would come face to face with the radical social revolution of the counter-culture and the anti-war struggles. This was perhaps also the first time in recorded history where students revolted against their teachers to demand that the academic curriculum more accurately reflect their cultural and social needs. The idea that the university system was to be the servant of the student body, and not its feudal lord, was born from ethnic studies demands during this period as students of color sought an academic foundation for their political activism. Thankfully, by the time that students finally organized in 1968 to demand the formation of the first ethnic studies department at San Francisco State University, scholars were not completely caught off guard. Many historians such as E. Franklin Frazier, Melville Herskovits, and countless others were already using interdisciplinary approaches to the study race and ethnicity in America.
As ethnic studies programs expanded and matured throughout the 1970s and '80s, they also diversified and became more transnational in their orientation. Americans scholars looked overseas for inspiration calling upon French philosophers such as Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, and Gilles Deleuze or members of the Frankfurt School such as Jugen Habermas and Theodor Adorno. African diaspora studies gained ground and Asian American pan-ethnicity movements advanced. Native American activism and sovereignty movements continued to emerge as part of the larger anti-colonial process happening all over the world, culminating in the Pine Ridge Reservation Shootout and the questionable conviction of Native American activist Leonard Peltier. LGBT studies were spurred to action by the gay rights movement and the horrific AIDS crisis that was ravaging gay urban men. By applying the ethnic studies model to LGBT history, scholars found that the intersection of race and sexuality was an important component to the study of diversity in America.
The Back Lash that Steals
The anti-authoritarian attitude and the open resistance to entrenched institutions by ethnic studies programs did not go unnoticed by the powers that be. Already upset at being forced into integration via school bussing and having to confront a progressively sex-positive social climate, the religious Right fought back with gusto and the culture wars began. Affirmative action was branded reverse racism and the underground drug culture in America, which flourished on all levels of society, found itself surrounded in laws and images designed to insure that people of color were disproportionately blamed for this social scourge. With so many other pressing issues for conservatives during this period including abortion, deindustrialization, and the Cold War, ethnic studies departments themselves received somewhat of a honeymoon both within the academy and from the public at large. It turns out, however, that this was only the calm before the storm as the cultural and political issues that were brewing in the post-civil right era would explode in the 1990s.
As long as ethnic studies programs were confined to elite universities in progressive college towns and big cities, the opposition to them was often indirect. Once the research done in ethnic studies departments began to filter down, however, and infuse textbooks at the high school and elementary school levels, the everyday politics of inclusion quickly boiled over. Gary Nash, Charlotte Crabtree, and Ross Dunn were at the center of this controversy as they collaborated with the National Endowment for the Humanities to develop a national set of history standards in the early 1990s. Their book History on Trial, published in 2000, gets to the heart of the matter as it chronicles their efforts to gain widespread recognition for ethnic studies-inspired research against fierce opposition from those unwilling to admit to the shortcomings of the prior methodologies.
Multiculturalism and post-modern aesthetics were openly challenged by conservatives both from within the academy and beyond. In perhaps the most well-known critique of the period, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. lambasted what he saw as The Disuniting of America in 1992. In response to these criticisms and in an effort to explain the ongoing presence of racism in cultural terms, several pioneering thinkers such as Toni Morrison and David Roediger began to develop what we now know as whiteness studies. Extending the ethnic studies model once again, scholars aimed to show that white Americans should not only be studied as an ethnic group in America, but that their relationships to race in America were just as problematic as those of other ethnic groups. Almost none of this research has worked its way into the popular discourse yet, much less into the public schools' history text books, but the answer to "why can't we have a white history month?" can perhaps only be answered articulately through this body of evidence, and as such it needs to be put to good use.
During the Bush years, popular support of academic freedom seemed to systematically erode as the "war on terror" made dissenting, "un-American" voices from the Left increasingly suspect. Although Cornel West, Howard Zinn, Angela Davis, and many other public intellectuals continued to speak out, the realities of life in a post-9/11 American severely curtailed the audiences for their messages. Only by appeals to fear, insecurity, and terrible unknowns did a platform like the one that developed in Arizona foment in the way that it did. Such a message was increasingly employed as part of the wider pushback to the deeper transformations taking place in American life. It carried with it an emotional resonance that might have been on the decline prior to 9/11 but that hit home dramatically in its aftermath. With the success of post-structuralism and the rise of moral relativism, the same tools that scholars utilized to argue that all voices should be equally heard were now being used by those whose voices historically were always been heard the loudest, to argue that their demands for continuing an unjust status quo should be valued. By abandoning notions of morality, ethics, and absolute truth, scholars opened the door for malicious perspectives arguing in favor of rolling back ethnic studies programs and undoing the progress of the civil rights struggle. Sophisticated arguments promoting fairness and equality through relativism, multiculturalism, and the valuing of diverse opinions, have in many ways backfired horribly.
Aware of this gaff, scholars of all stripes recently began scrambling to reclaim the moral high ground and argue from a place of greater certitude. Yet in the current debates over history standards, it seems that the only scholars willing to speak up with courage on issues of academic freedom and social justice, while abandoning the air (error) of neutrality, are those whose departments end in "studies." Where are the historians who still value history from the bottom up? Who among the profession still cares about the micro narratives of oppressed peoples? Where are the advocates of the larger revisionist project when you need them? Perhaps Howard Zinn's death will forever mark the end of the historian/activist. Perhaps mainstream historians are caught up in the same post-racial fantasies that so many everyday Americans have succumbed to while believing that our ethnic studies programs are no longer necessary in the age of Obama.
Some would argue that the voices of the oppressed have been sufficiently woven into the larger American narrative and that, accordingly, ethnic studies programs have run their natural course and perhaps even succeeded in their aim. But when racist laws are steeped in anti-racist injunctions and legislators banning ethnic studies programs claim to have participated in the march on Washington, all bets are off. When the academic freedom of ethnic studies programs are under fire while the first black president can be called a racist on national television and a black scholar in a suit can be casually said by a leading anchorman to "look like a cocaine dealer" then it is safe to say that our limitations on free speech need to be drastically reconsidered. This is not your grandfather's racism.
Michael Eric Dyson of Georgetown University confronted many of these trends head on in a recent CNN debate with Tom Horne, who is Arizona's State Superintendent, and the proud author of HB 2281. Horne claimed to have participated in the 1963 March on Washington and repeatedly quoted the now neo-conservative mantra that all people should not be "judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." Suspecting that Horne may have been in the restroom for the balance of King's speech (which we must remember, after all, was a "dream" to be worked towards) Dyson systematically dismantled Horne's appropriation of one of the greatest anti-racist leaders in history and the use of King's rhetoric to gain support for a law targeting Mexican American studies programs. Knowing that King would never support such a law, which has earned the rebuke of the UN's highest body on human rights, Dyson stated emphatically that "Martin Luther King, Jr. cannot be used to justify xenophobic and racist passions that are dressed up as desires to reform the curriculum." Horne in an unconscionable response stated that "I would say that the xenophobia and racism is on your side."
The fact that anyone who is even remotely familiar with Professor Dyson's work would accuse him of racism and xenophobia with a straight face, demonstrates quite clearly how we have failed to educate the masses who are all too ready to accept such a formulation. Horne's statement taken alone is evidence for the continuing need of ethnic studies programs in America, even if it is only to educate the next generation of state superintendents on the basic definitions of racism and xenophobia. It also demonstrates that we are often asking the wrong questions in regards to this kind of legislation. Given the twisted logic that is in place, perhaps we should not try to recount the many ways that such a law is racist but rather ask the public: "Is this law anti-racist?" The answer for most thinking people becomes quite clear.
The Law that Never Was
In the end, this HB 2281 and all other historical attacks directed at ethnic studies programs are not really about ethnic studies programs at all, but are in reality, about the very future of history itself and its relationship to public sentiment. Deciding who is authorized to tell the story of America and who deserves to be included in its master narrative will continue to be a point of national contention. Arizona's law by this measure will likely prove itself to be largely ineffective, irrelevant, and unenforceable as school districts will undoubtedly find its strange combination of injunctions and counter injunctions patently unintelligible. The Tucson School District, whose ethnic studies program was the target of this legislation, has already stated that they will simply ignore it. After all, how can a teacher guarantee that they will not "promote the overthrow of the United States government," "advocate ethnic solidarity," or "promote resentment towards a race or class of people" if they continue, as the law explicitly permits, to teach courses that "include the discussion of controversial issues" and "include the history of any ethnic group" and study "the historical oppression of a particular group of people based on ethnicity, race, or class"?
The bigger question centers around why we study history to begin with and what the role of the historian in society should be. Is it the job of the history teacher to ameliorate student outrage over injustice, or is it simply their duty to "tell the truth freely" as former educator Ida B. Wells so famously put it? How can a teacher teach about racism without inciting a healthy amount of outrage? Isn't part of citizenship the responsibility to think critically about one's government and hold it accountable for its errors, both past and present? If the ethnic studies approach does not represent the very best in traditional American values than we should ask to see a model that does.
The only real fear at this point is that many of the teachers who do not outright ignore this legislation may choose to avoid topics of diversity altogether in a manner similar to that which the state of Texas is implementing. Here we should be very concerned. What Arizona has outlawed is not nearly as troubling as what Texas has mandated. When the Texas State Board of Education, by the stroke of its pen, commands "imperialism" to become "expansionism" and "slavery" to disappear in favor of "the Atlantic triangle trade", historians everywhere should be up in arms. Hiding the truth, indoctrinating children with falsehood, and propagandizing American's youth in a mythological cloud of patriotism is not the goal of good history or of a good democracy. Historians must demand the proper use of their profession and, much like the heroic scientists who refused to allow their intellectual property to be applied towards the making of an atomic bomb, disavow all attempts to harm children through the distortion of our national past. The ethnic studies project has proven itself to be a persistent and valuable academic movement that is at least as old as America itself. Historians must now come to the defense of this critical scholarly field that truly represents the epitome of American democracy, liberty, and justice for all.
HNN Special: Defining Ethnic Studies
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Bill Heuisler - 8/22/2010
Mr. Bates,
Two things About Sheriff Arpaio, his jurisdiction is Maricopa County, not Arizona. Maricopa County does not border with Mexico, but with Pinal County - which borders with Pima County. Phoenix is 150 miles from the Mexican border. When you wrote, "He could go after the immigrant smugglers." you admitted to ignorance of geography or ignorance of County Sheriffs' duties.
Jurisdiction for the border falls on the Feds or the border County.
Second, Arpaio has busted at least six "safe houses" in Maricopa County and jailed the persons IDed as the Coyotes or their agents. This is a better average than the Feds have at the border. Where are you getting your information about Arizona?
Bill Heuisler
Nat Bates - 8/22/2010
I am kind of on hiatus from HNN now, just because I think my usefulness is probably passed. A few points:
1) NAFTA is not about free trade. It is about corporate world governance. Far from weakening the Mexican authoritarian government, it has strengthened the most reactionary forces within it. We are also losing jobs because of it. The top sector has been helped everywhere, and true to form no President will be willing to overturn it.
2)If "Repti-cop" Arpaio has carefully hidden compassion, then it is very hidden. He could go after the immigrant smugglers. Instead, he goes after the immigrants themselves. He never seems to do anything with any real courage, just beat up on the powerless. Interestingly, when the powerless were Americans, few seemed to have a problem with it. You are right about the illegal issue. He is not that in to it. Rather, his real target seems to be Constitutional liberties.
3) Some of the perspectives in Ethnic Studies and Multi-cultural Departments have problems. I believe in the values of universality that came from the Eighteenth Century. That means equal rights for all. Societies that have a reactionary way of treating women, working people, or some group need to be criticized. I do not believe in holding white-skinned Christians to a "you-better-like-gays-women-oppressed people-or-you-are-terrible" standard and yet blatantly excuse Saudi Arabia for the same exact violations of liberal ethics. However, this has no bearing on the issue in Arizona, since we are talking about America and not Saudi Arabia. We have always been a mix of cultures. Go back to the colonial period and see that English had to compete with German as a possible national language. Hebrew might even have made it as the colonial tongue of Puritan New England.
OK, I wish you all the best.
Bill Heuisler - 8/17/2010
Mr. Bates,
Your whiff of Fascism is accurate. Your opinions of NAFTA and Arpaio are a little skewed. Many years in Mexico and border Arizona have taught me most Mexican people are hard workers who want more than anything else to support their families and be left alone. They are very much in fear of their government...not ours.
Their government is as close to Fascist as the definition will allow. An Oligarchy rules with connivance of huge labor unions and the military. NAFTA allowed some free market forces into a closed economy and raised the average income of average Mexicans. NAFTA did not destroy anything in Mexico except the stranglehold of government on prices. NAFTA helped average Mexicans and hurt government.
As to Arpaio, he is a rather cold man with a high opinion of himself. But he has always obeyed and upheld the law here in Arizona. He is a second-generation Italian immigrant, with a carefully hidden compassion for the Mexican immigrants who are being killed, raped, enslaved and abandoned in the huge, deadly deserts south of Maricopa County. More than 550 bodies have been found this year in the deserts of Pinal, Cochise and Pima Counties - Mexicans killed by Mexican criminals.
The illegal issue does not matter as much to him as the exploitation and inhumanity. Arpaio is far more altruistic than cynical politicians like Napolitano, Holder and Obama who care more about Hispanic votes in the US than they do about Mexican dead in the desert. The only way to stop the holocaust in southern Arizona is to secure the border. Arpaio is more aware of this than most politicians.
One of the most amazing things about the Ethnic Studies contraversy is the total absence of information about the authoritarian Mexican government, and the news blackout in this country about Mexican immigration laws whose punishment for illegal entry include no due process, imprisonment and (on the Southern Mexican border) death.
Real ethnic studies would encourage Mexican Americans to celebrate their new freedoms and to look back on the "Old Country" with fondness, but relief they are no longer there.
Bill Heuisler
Nat Bates - 8/16/2010
"Aztlan" has strong Fascist origins. It is a blood-and-soil concept. I have no quarrel with opposing such a concept as out of place in modern democracies. The idea of driving all non-Hispanics out of the Southwest is innately Fascist, as is any rhetoric around "oppressed nationalities" that ignores the position of universality in addressing oppression. Note the similarities with Fascism in Europe, with left elements married to blood-and-soil nationalism.
My objection is to the fact that citizens of Arizona are falling in to the same trap. Some have called it the "action-reaction spiral." The citizens of Arizona are responding to a natural migration of people whose homelands were destroyed by NAFTA. Such people are not followers of Aztlan. They are not interested in abstractions. Yet, they might fall for Aztlan ideologies if pushed that way, and then we have a war that leads to martial law. The politicians win in the end.
So, on the one side, we have blatant neo-fascism on the Mexican side that has some left elements but which is really a form of ultra-nationalism. Then, on the other side, we have neo-fascism that has some libertarian elements but which is really a plaything of American politicians. And, do not forget that "Repti-cop" Joe Arpaio has no love for the Constitution. He wants to destroy every last shred of it.
Bill Heuisler - 8/16/2010
Most people reading the above article will nod and ask, Why Not"?
As a resident of Tucson, with first-hand experience here in teaching and law enforcement I can attest that HNN has only heard half the story.
Ashley Thorne did some research and wrote an article for the National Association Of Scholars
Look it up and learn some facts. Here is an exerpt:
"La Raza, we noted, means "The Race." Members of MEChA (which stands for "Movimiento Estudiantil Chicano de Aztlan" and means "Chicano Student Movement of Aztlan") identify themselves as "La Raza." MEChA is a Chicano organization dedicated to regaining control of "Aztlan"—the Southwest region of the United States. The guiding idea is that this region rightfully belongs to Chicano people, not Anglos, or the American people generally undivided by race or ethnicity.
We observed that two of the main books for the TUSD program were Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Occupied America: A History of Chicanos, by Rodolpho Acuña. Freire's book, of course, argues that teachers must train students to acquire "critical consciousness" (an understanding that they are oppressed); to give voice to their grievances; and to liberate themselves from the bonds of imposed assimilation. A reviewer of the book for The Nation, wrote, "Wherever education is explicitly involved in struggles for equity and justice, Freire's ideas and his books, especially Pedagogy of the Oppressed, will live on."
This revolutionary fervor is even more pronounced in Occupied America, which tells the story of the Southwestern United States from the perspective of Mexican Americans and has been called "the Chicano bible." The book is sympathetic to Mexico in a reference to the battle at the Alamo. In another place, Acuña wrote:
Gutiérrez attacked the gringo establishment angrily at a press conference and called upon Chicanos to 'kill the gringo,' which meant to end white control over Mexicans.
Actually, "kill the gringo" means "kill the gringo." Jose Angel Gutiérrez, who is referenced here, is the co-founder of the Raza Unida Party, a U.S. political third party. At a 1995 conference Gutiérrez declared, "We have got to eliminate the gringo, and what I mean by that is if the worst comes to the worst, we have got to kill him." Today Gutiérrez is a professor of political science at the University of Texas at Arlington."
We used to have ethnic clubs at school and now the taxpayers are paying teachers to teach classes (from which "Anglos" are segregated) that preach hatred. So we've got the government paying to separate and indoctrinate our kids. Sound familiar?
Bill Heuisler
Nat Bates - 8/16/2010
Understand, of course, that most poor Americans were intelligent enough to know that "race" was something made up to divide the workers. It was the so-called intellectuals who believed in race as a real concept, including Jefferson, De Goubineau, Buffon, and Darwin.
Most poor people knew better than their "betters." Sadly, however, as the people's historians point out, such people were spoken for rather than actively able to speak.
I am sure you have read Eric Foner on Reconstruction. However, I encourage the third party readership to do so. He makes it clear that Reconstruction ended due to an anti-democratic plot as much as a racist plot. Great reading!
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Nate Silver author archives.
August 14, 2008
by Nate Silver
Charting Detroit's future course now that at least one observer's running up the white flag.
August 7, 2008
Time's running short, but so are the list of potential fits for the former Giants slugger.
July 24, 2008
The venues are getting smaller, but is this really what's best, and what else can the industry add to the live experience?
July 11, 2008
Do these flags fly forever too?
July 2, 2008
The Rays power up surprised some, but they're just getting started.
June 29, 2008
Which teams enjoy outsized advantages from playing at home?
June 19, 2008
Evaluating performance levels of populations of players by position over the last half-century.
June 11, 2008
Things are getting interesting, so let's talk about the odds.
June 5, 2008
The early returns on PECOTA's projecting last season's big-bonus draft choices.
May 29, 2008
Projecting the value of the best-hitting pitchers, as well as the worst.
May 22, 2008
Although it might seem as if the best shortstop prospects are already playing every day in the majors, there's an interesting crop on the way up.
May 15, 2008
Ease up there, Hemingway, we're talking about pitchers, and whether we're missing a few from the last couple of decades.
May 8, 2008
PECOTA loves quite a few young third basemen, but how many of them will remain at the hot corner?
May 2, 2008
The list of top keystone prospects includes a mix of young players to watch and older players who fell out of favor.
April 25, 2008
Has the guessing game over who used what when gone too far?
April 18, 2008
After a quick bit of aging, the Astros' shortstop might not lose much to Father Time now, but the clock's ticking.
April 4, 2008
Which players might struggle to match their PECOTA projections this year?
April 3, 2008
Who might most outperform their PECOTAs? Plus projected standings and the top three storylines of the new season.
March 28, 2008
It's not a position where a lot of youngsters make it, but there are at least two excellent prospects at first.
March 20, 2008
With some new features, PECOTA's better-prepared than ever to tell you where Matt Wieters ranks among promising backstops.
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Pacers fans should know what a cancer is. We had a team full of them 4 or 5 years ago. Lance really isn't one. He's just young. By the end of the year I think Lance will be a fairly important part of this team.
The West signing was awesome. His basketball IQ is off the charts.