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How are your basements doing these days? My sump pump is working like crazy but so far it's held up. Unfortunately the other side of the basement sprung a couple leaks on Saturday and now I'm dealing with that. I patched those pots and it's been dry since but I'm not looking forward to more rain. I'm still trying to dry out the carpet from Saturday. My foundation guy suggested installing a 2nd sump pump at a cost of $2K. I'm not ready to jump at that. I'm thinking that this is a historical wet period we're in right now and it's stessing all kinds of things.
You all probably already know that we're into the wettest April on record but you might not know that we're headed towards the wettest month ever on record and that was March in 1937 when we got 13". Of course that was the yr we had the great flood. The Ohio River reached Third St and went to 80 ft. I don't think we'll ever see another crest that high due to the dam system now in place but wow is it wet!


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[Pages 317 - 390]
Two years later, the genius Rabbi Avraham Halevi Epstein was accepted as the Rabbi of Sokoly. Rabbi Epstein was a descendant of a family of brilliant rabbis, and one of the best preachers. Before he was accepted as the Rabbi, there were dozens of candidates for the position, among them well-known men such as the Rabbi from Stavisk; the Rabbi from Kruzov, who was famous for performing miracles, as well as the brilliant Rabbi Yaakov David, the Rabbi from Slutsk, who wrote a commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud. He was willing to manage the rabbinate in Sokoly for a number of years, under the condition that afterwards his young son-in-law would fill the position. But Rabbi Avraham Halevi Epstein was beloved by the masses because of his talent for public speaking, and he was accepted for the position.
[PHOTOS: (Left) Rebbitzen Sarah Epstein, of blessed memory
(Right) Rabbi Avraham Halevi Epstein, of blessed and saintly memory]
Rabbi Epstein had two sons from his first wife, and two from his second wife, Dov and Yisrael, and three daughters: Ettel, Chana and Suly. All his sons and daughters settled, over time, in America.
The Rabbi's son Yisrael was a genius, but after he learned for a short time in the Lida Yeshiva, he began to devote himself to a secular education. He became a teacher in one of the towns in Lithuania, and finally settled in the U.S.
Rabbi Epstein suffered in his later years from problems with his feet, and he was unable to walk. When he saw that he was no longer able to manage the rabbinate, he gave the heads of the community permission to accept a new rabbi, under the condition that they would divide the salary equally between the two rabbis. A few years before Rabbi Epstein passed away, a new rabbi was accepted in Sokoly: Rabbi Yosef Rosenblum, of blessed memory.
Rabbi Epstein passed away in 1940, during the Soviet occupation. The new rabbi, Rabbi Yosef Rosenblum, was a scholar and modern preacher. He drew a large crowd to his sermons, including the youths who had a secular education. He was an excellent speaker, and excelled in his logical ideas. He was able to explain, in a language full of literary expressions. He also knew how to explain complicated ideas in common language.
Sokoly produced many famous rabbis and geniuses. The rabbis from Sokoly whom I knew were the Rabbi of Cziechunonovechie [?], who was known as Rabbi Yehudel Menashe; the two sons of Zundel Segal, Rabbi Yaakov Zvi and Rabbi Shalom Yitzchak; Rabbi Yaakov Semieticzky, the son of Zvi Aharon Yonah; Rabbi Yeshayahu Weinkrantz, the son of Barush the shub; Rabbi Mordechai, the son of Eliyahu Hasultim, who was the rabbi of the town Baltawa; the Rabbi of Lomzitza, Rabbi Mordechai, the son of Shimon Wolf and the son-in-law of Shmuel, the shub from Tiktin; the Rabbi of Kuzelozeczina near Slonim, Rabbi Yaakov Goldberg, the son of Yisrael the blacksmith, who was a famous genius, sharp and knowledgeable in Talmud, the best student in the Klotzk Yeshiva, which was famous in its day; all of them of blessed memory.
Avrahamche, the son of Mendel Pachiner (in his youth, he was called the angel), was the best student of Leibel Hillels, and when he later entered the famous yeshiva of the brilliant genius Rabbi Avrahamel Sieciechover, he was among the best students. An ordinary student was not able to understand the lectures given by Rabbi Avrahamel. Avrahamche Pachiner instructed his younger brother, Yitzchak Meir, who later became one of the famous rabbis of Israel. Avrahamche did not want to accept a position in the rabbinate. Apparently, he held to our sages' motto: Don't exploit the Torah as an axe to dig with!
Mendel Pachiner's second son, Yitzchak Meir, of blessed memory, learned in the yeshiva of Radun, under the leadership of the generation's righteous genius, the Chafetz Chaim, before World War I. Yitzchak Meir was already renowned at that time as a genius, and they called him the genius from Sokoly. Yitzchak Meir was of short stature and appeared to be younger than he really was, this is why the public was so amazed by him. When World War I broke out in 1914, Yitzchak Meir returned home to Sokoly from the yeshiva, and he remained there until 1920.
In Sokoly, Yitzchak Meir began to read secular books, mostly books of science and philosophy. He also learned foreign languages. In 1920, it was possible to cross the border from our area into Lithuania and reach the capital city, Kovno. At that time, there was a rumor among the young people that from Lithuania it was easy to immigrate to America and the Land of Israel. Also in Lithuania, there began at that time a golden era for the Jewish youth. A few young men from Sokoly decided to cross the border, and Yitzchak Meir was among them. In Kovno, he entered the Slobodka Yeshiva, which moved at that time to the Land of Israel. Yitzchak Meir quickly became famous among the rabbis in Israel, and the Jerusalem Gaon, Rabbi Issur Zalman Meltzer, who was the head of the Yeshiva of Slobodka and Slutsk, found him to be a suitable husband for his daughter. Yitzchak Meir was accepted initially as the Rabbi of Petach Tikva, and afterwards he was chosen to be a member of the High Rabbinical Court in Jerusalem. Rabbi Yitzchak Meir wrote books with commentaries and explanations of the Rambam's Yad Hachazaka, entitled The King's Commentary, comprising two sections in large format, which won the Rabbi Kook Prize. His books were accepted in the yeshivot as classics. Rabbi Yitzchak Meir passed away at the age of 62.
Rabbi Kalman Novak, who was known as Rabbi Kalman Zelig Pinsky, arrived at the Montreux Yeshiva in Switzerland. After that, he moved to England, where he married the daughter of Rabbi Eliyahu Lopian, who was known as the Rosh Yeshiva of Kelme. Rabbi Kalman Pinsky was given a rabbinic position in England. He later came on aliya to the Land of Israel with his family, where he served as a rabbi and secretary at the Kaminetz Yeshiva.
Two Rabbis from Sokoly emigrated to America: Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Dachovitz and Rabbi Aharon Reuven Charney, of blessed memory.
[PHOTO: Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz, zl, of blessed memory]
After that, he learned for a few years in the famous Kollel of the VolozhinYeshiva. In 1906, he married Leah Devorah, the daughter of Eliyahu Moshe Shechter from Vilna, who gave his son-in-law the possibility of dedicating his time to learning Torah. Rabbi Dachovitz quickly became famous, not only as a great scholar of Torah, but also as an excellent sermonizer and preacher. With the support of the great genius Rabbi Chaim Ozer Grodzinsky, of blessed saintly memory, Rabbi Dachovitz was appointed as a teacher in Vilna. After that, Rabbi Dachovitz served for a few years as the Rabbi of Varnain, in the Vilna province.
In 1922, on the advice of the Chafetz Chaim, Rabbi Dachovitz went to New York to assist in congregational matters. There, he gave a speech in the large synagogue of Agudas Achim Anshei Lubavitch in Brownsville, Brooklyn. They immediately offered him a rabbinical contract and he accepted the position, which he held for 32 years as their spiritual leader. Rabbi Dachovitz was also crowned with the position of Vice President of the Rabbinical Council of the U.S. and Canada, as well as that of Chairman of the Rabbinical Committee of Greater New York. Rabbi Dachovitz was a stauch fighter for Orthodox matters in all his high positions in the rabbinical world. He was the first of the speakers on all the various committees. He moved worlds with his power of speech, and inflamed public opinion regarding desecration of the honor of Torah and belittlement of the importance of the rabbis. His speeches were well planned and made an impression.
A chapter in itself is Rabbi Dachovitz' struggle regarding kashrut. He was one of the most active leaders of the Kashrut Committee of Greater New York. Rabbi Dachovitz also acted to support Torah scholars. For 30 years, he devoted his time and energy to operations for benefitting the Ezrat Torah institutions for Torah scholars all over the world. For many years, Rabbi Dachovitz was the Vice President of this institution. He was no less interested in his personal home. He had already established good will with respect to his support and help of Jews in their time of need. His home was run according to the characteristics of Our Father Abraham, open to the poor and needy. Rebbitzen Leah Devorah always helped him in his charitable deeds and in welcoming guests, and she also acquired a name for herself. Rabbi Yaakov, the son of Pesach Brill, stayed at Rabbi Dachovitz' home for a year and a half.
Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz pursued peace. His influence was great, not only upon the simple folk, but also on his colleagues, the rabbis. When Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz was in the Vilna region in his youth, he participated in all the meetings of the rabbis, even the meetings of the famous brilliant rabbis of the time, and he was always the chairman or first to speak, and everyone appreciated him. He was wise and intelligent, and he understood people.
During World War I, Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz donated from his salary to the members of his congregation. He was concerned that every member would have food, clothing, shoes and all the necessities.
Thanks to his energy and blessed activities, Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz succeeded in acquiring more social assistance for the members of his congregation during the problematic years of World War I, from the American institution Yakupa than was given to other cities in the district. Rabbi Dachovitz had a superior talent for mediating between parties in complicated disputes and lawsuits. More than once, Rabbi Zvi Hirsch Dachovitz was invited by large merchants, residents of the Csarist capital St. Petersburg, to come there especially to mediate in a very complicated, difficult dispute.
Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz wrote a few books of commentary, full of original, deep and sharp new Torah ideas. He was blessed with exemplary sons and daughters: His eldest son, Rabbi Aharon Dov, received ordination like his father in his youth, at the age of 17, and at the same time he was certified as a lawyer. He now serves in the Tiferet Torah synagogue in Bensonhurst, and simultaneously works as a lawyer, a member of the Bar Association and the treasurer of the Rabbinical Association of the U.S. and Canada. The second son, Rabbi Pinchas, was ordained by the Yitzchak Elchanan Yeshiva and is a graduate of Yeshiva University. He serves as the Rabbi of Knesset Bnei Yisrael in Mitwood, Brooklyn. The third son, Ze'ev, is a shub. His other sons, Shmuel and Zalman Shlomo, completed their learning at Yeshiva Torah V'Daas in Brooklyn. His sons-in-law, the husbands of his daughters Esther and Riva, also are famous rabbis. The third son-in-law, the husband of his daughter Malka, is a U.S. government official.
On the 9th of Kislev, 5714 [November 16, 1953], Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz gave a eulogy for a righteous man from Bnei Brak in the Great Beit Midrash in New York. On the 10th of Kislev, 5714 [November 17, 1953], in the evening, when he returned from a gemara lesson, he had a heart attack and he returned his soul to the Creator. It is interesting that on that same day, 10th of Kislev 5714, in Jerusalem, the brilliant Rabbi Issur Zalman Meltzer of Slutsk also passed away.
Over 10,000 people, from all walks of life and from all persuasions, including all the rabbis in New York, among them Rabbi Aharon Kotler, participated in Rabbi Dachovitz' funeral. The English newspapers, such as the New York Times and Herald Tribune, and the Yiddish papers Morgen Journal and Forward, dedicated many articles to the great loss, to the passing of Rabbi Dachovitz on the 10th of Kislev. The great spiritual candle that had been lit 69 years earlier in our town Sokoly was extinguished, and the light and comfort he had brought to tens of thousands of Jewish families has departed. Nevertheless, to this very day countless souls still remember with love the name of this brilliant, G-d fearing man, the greatest of his generation. May his soul be bound in eternal life.
When he was still a youth aged 17, Rabbi Zeidel Charney gave a two-hour sermon in the large bet medrash in Sokoly. In a clear voice, in beautiful flowery language, with descriptions of pictures and drawings, he presented the elevated, ideal spiritual image of Rachel, the daughter of Kalba Savua, who grew up and was educated with pleasures and luxuries in a wealthy Jerusalem household. In spite of everything, Rachel was prepared to leave her parents' wealthy home with all its comforts, to sleep on straw in a barn and suffer want and deprivation, in order that the shepherd Akiva, in whom she detected great spiritual talent, would grow into a star who would light up the entire world with his wisdom.
Before World War I, Rabbi Zeidel received a rabbinical position in London. During the years of the War, when the Germans bombed and destroyed London, Rabbi Zeidel received a rabbinical position in the city of Birmingham, England. Later, about 35 years ago, Rabbi Zeidel arrived in the U.S. At first he held a rabbinical position in Revere, Massachusetts, near Boston, and later he was given a position in Bayonne, New Jersey, where he served more than 30 years as the spiritual leader of the United Synagogues. Rabbi Charney was also appointed, over 30 years ago, as a chaplain in the American army.
Rabbi Charney's wife, Miriam, was a woman of valor, fluent in the Hebrew language, busy with community affairs and was involved in religious education and instructing the younger generation. Rabbi Charney was blessed with two sons and three daughters. All his children received a religious Jewish education and went to college.
Rabbi Charney's eldest daughter, Bruria Carla, is a graduate of New York University and an educational college. Her husband, Mordechai, learned at the Yitzchak Elchanan Yeshiva and also obtained a secular education. He is an expert in matters of commerce.
Rabbi Charney's son Zeev was educated at the Yitzchak Elchanan Yeshiva and is a graduate of Harvard Law School. Zeev's wife, Riva Devora, was an artist.
Rabbi Charney's second son, Chaim Eliezer, serves as a Rabbi in Chicago.
Rav Zeidel, or, as he is called in America, Rabbi Aharon Charney, has to date written the following books:
Rabbi Charney was a wonderful, brilliant person, and the people of our town Sokoly can be proud of him. He passed away three years ago. May his memory be for a blessing.
Avraham Yaakov Brill was expert not only in Talmud, but also in various branches of science, such as geography, history, statistics, and in remembering dates. His expertise was for the sake of knowledge. He was nicely familiar with algebra and engineering, even though he never formally learned these subjects from textbooks.
During the years of his youth, there were a number of students in Sokoly, such as Rafael Gutman, the son of Herzl, Rabbi Menachem Yonah's grandson. Over time, Rafael became the manager of the Warsaw Community Education Department and wrote a few textbooks, such as Bible Stories in the Hebrew and Polish languages. In addition to Rafael, other students in Sokoly were Yaakov Yanovsky and Leibel Semieticzky, the son of Hershel Aharon Yonhas. There were educated people there who had learned externally, and among them was the teacher Meckleshtzil, who was a very sharp mathematician. When all these students would come home to their parents for their vacations or holidays, they would meet in the hall next to the new synagogue, where the genius Abraham Yaakov would sit and learn, memorizing texts in his pleasant chant.The students would surround the genius and ask him complicated questions in mathematics. Avraham Yaakov would solve all the problems orally, without a problem and without having to write them down.
Avraham Yaakov Brill was the son-in-law of the brilliant, famous Lithuanian Rabbi Itchele Ponevezher. He could have received rabbinic positions in the large cities, due to his brilliancy and the fact that he was Rabbi Itchele's son-in-law, but the genius preferred to deal in trade and not to turn the Torah into an axe for digging. He managed large businesses.
During Kransky's time, Avraham Yaakov Brill was in Leningrad, where he managed important businesses, but after the Bolshevik Revolution, he lost all his money to nationalization. He returned, naked and with nothing, to Poland. Over time, thanks to the efforts of Rabbi Zvi Dachovitz from our town, Avraham Yaakov Brill was offered a rabbinical position in a synagogue in New York, Anshei Lubavitch in Brownsville, where he served until his last days. He passed away in the prime of his life, after World War II.
Avraham Yitzchak was a pleasant leader of the mussaf service on the High Holidays, besides being a shochet. He always prayed with the accompaniment of a choir of singers. One of his best singers was the son of the teacher Tuvia Zvi, who had a beautiful tenor voice. Avraham Yitzchak led the prayers in the large bet medrash. When he and his choir led the prayers, congregants from the new bet medrash, the synagogue and the other minyanim all streamed to hear them.
Avraham Yitzchak's Lamnatzeach prayer, from the first slichot, is engraved in my memory. All the people of the town, great and small, would stream on the Sabbath after the third meal [seudat shlisheet] to the large bet medrash to enjoy hearing it. The bet medrash and the women's section were full from one end to the other. Avraham Yitzchak, with his choir of singers, went up on the platform. Silence and tense expectation filled the bet medrash; holiness filled every corner. The crowd was engulfed by reverence and a spiritual uplifting. They heard, with great admiration, the heart-felt singing of Avraham Yitzchak and his choir.
Avraham Yitzchak's first son-in-law was Shmuel Rogowitz, one of Sokoly's sharp and fluent Torah scholars. In his later years, his eyesight dimmed, and he was unable to study the pages of the gemara. In spite of this, he would always sit among members of the gemara study group and learn the daily page with them. He was familiar with all the discussions in the gemara and would discuss and explain them with the others.
Avraham Yitzchak's second son-in-law was Shmuel Leib the shochet. He was a Torah scholar, a preacher and was knowledgeable in the art of ritual slaughter of animals.
Avraham Yitzchak had a son named Chanoch. He was a scholar and loved to tell jokes, witticisms, aphorisms and sayings of our Sages.
When Avraham Yitzchak the shochet passed away, Sokoly felt the loss of a leader for the Mussaf prayers on the High Holidays, even though they were able to manage with the two shochtim Shmuel Leib and Barish. So then, Berke from Zabludow was accepted as a chazan in Sokoly. He was already an old man, but he still prayed very beautifully and the congregation was pleased.
When the chazan Berke passed away and Barish the shochet was feeling weak, Sokoly began to look for a chazan and shochet. Mordechai Wigodsky was accepted for this position. He was a cheerful man, who was integrated in the community. He knew how to spread jokes and witticisms and to sing folk songs and Chassidic melodies. When a wedding, a circumcision or any other celebration took place in Sokoly, the chazan Mordechai Wigodsky would entertain the guests. Crowds of children and women would surround the house and look through the windows and the open doors, enjoying his jokes and songs.
After some time not long the chazan Mordechai Wigodsky moved to a large city, and then another chazan-shochet came to Sokoly, by the name of Mordechai Bodnowsky. He was also a mohel and used modern tools. He did not have a happy nature like the previous chazan, but nevertheless he was a first class chazan and was able to compete with those who were famous. They tried more than once to invite him to come to the big cities, but in Sokoly they increased his salary and didn't allow him to leave. Two years before the outbreak of World War II, the chazan Bodnowsky emigrated to America.
Barish Weinkrantz, the shochet was one of the exceptional individuals in his profession. He was also an excellent and expert mohel, a pleasant leader of the High Holiday prayers and a good reader of the Torah. Outside of these attributes, Barish was blessed with good characteristics. He was intelligent, pleasant and comfortable with his fellows, loving and friendly to everyone. All the people of the town loved him, and he was interested in everybody. He spoke to everyone with warmth and friendliness, and everyone found a faithful friend in him. The butchers, with whom Barish came in contact, loved and respected him.
When he was already at an advanced age, Barish was still circumcising dozens of babies with wonderful speed. Apart from all these, Barish told good stories and Torah sayings of the Sages. At circumcisions, weddings, and other celebrations, Barish was like an overflowing fountain and the chief speaker. One could listen to him with complete enjoyment for days and nights. He always had something interesting to tell, and his audience listened to him with special attention. Barish had only to appear somewhere, and the house would immediately be filled with happiness. During his last years, when he was partially paralyzed, he wished to talk with people. When someone would come to his house, Barish invited him to come into his room and sit near his bed. He would begin an interesting conversation, and by doing so, he forgot his sufferings. Barish passed away at the ripe old age of close to 100, before World War II. He left sons from his three wives.
With his first wife, Barish had one son and two daughters. His son Yeshaya was a rabbi in a small town in Lithuania. One of his daughters married Leibel the shochet, the son of Zelig the shamash in the Rabbinical Court and who was also a bookbinder on the side. At first, he was a shochet in Lapy, where he became famous in the art of ritual slaughter. Some time later, he moved from Lapy to Lomza. The shub Leibel ben Zelig had a brilliant son, who quickly became famous among the rabbis. Barish's second daughter married the widower Avraham Moshe Rachelsky in Sokoly. He was an established, successful crop trader.
From his second wife, Barish the shochet had four children. Two of them married in small towns in the vicinity of Warsaw. One of them, Shmuel, was a singer in his father's choir when he was young. He had a pleasant alto voice. Barish's other two children from his second wife were twins: a son Yerachmiel, and a daughter Chana. Yerachmiel was a polished, fluent speaker. He told good jokes and quoted sayings of the Sages, and things he heard from his father. Yerachmiel was married in Wysokie-Mazowiecki, where he worked as a painter. He was regarded as an important member of the congregation and was influential in communal matters.
After the German troops overran Wysokie-Mazowiekie in 1939, almost the entire city was burned down. Yerachmiel and his large family arrived in Sokoly, where he continued to work as a painter. His children, two sons and a daughter, dealt in trade and profiteering, which were acceptable during the Soviet occupation.
From his third wife, Barish had two daughters and a son named Eliya. Eliya married Soraka, the daughter of the butcher Leibel Palitzer, and he also worked in his father-in-law's profession. He was known as a Torah scholar.
For his older daughter Tzippa, Barish chose a bridegroom by the name of Leibel Chayat, an educated boy who was a shochet and chazan. Barish estimated that his new son-in-law would be worthy of taking over his position as a chazan and shochet in Sokoly, but the young people did not remain there for very long; they emigrated to America.
Barish's younger daughter Chaya was still unmarried at that time. She was a talented, intelligent girl in every respect. She remained with her father. In the end, she was murdered with most of the Jewish residents of Sokoly.
Sixty years ago, there was a shamash in the large bet medrash named Chaikel Koppel. After Chaikel, the shamash in the large bet medrash was his son, Moshe Koppel, who was a great sage. He also managed businesses on the side. He bought a mill for grinding flour for matzos, a mangle for ironing laundry, and an oven for baking bread, rolls and cakes. Moshe Koppel's customs were engraved deeply in the memories of the people of Sokoly. He would call out in song to the people to come to the synagogue.
[PHOTO: Moshe Koppel with his wife and daughters]
Every Sabbath eve, half an hour before candle-lighting, Moshe Koppel would go from street to street, and at the top of each street he would stand and announce, in his pleasant voice: To the synagogue! On Sabbath nights, at 3:30 in the morning, he would stand in front of each house and call, in singsong: Feivel, Berel, Moshe, Yankel, Shmuel, get up for Psalms! It's already 3:30! During the days when slichot is said, Moshe Koppel would go with a hammer in his hand and knock twice with the hammer on the shutters of the windows in order to awaken the congregation for slichot.
After Moshe Koppel, the position of shamash in the large bet medrash Sokoly was given to his son-in-law Simcha, who was a very religious yeshiva student and scholar, but he was a [physically] weak person. He remained in his position in Sokoly until the [Jews of the] town were wiped out.
[PHOTOS: 1) Shmuel Kravchevitz and his family
2) (left) Zvi Dor (Hirsch Ber) Shapira, may G-d avenge his blood
3) (right) Ganendel Shapira and her grandson, Menachem Ellenberg]
In the new bet medrash, the shamash was Shmuel Kravchevitz, the father of the tailor Shlomo Mas. Shmuel Kravchevitz was also a gravedigger in the cemetery. After Shmuel Kravchevitz died of cancer, the shamash in the new bet medrash was Baruch Ellenberg, Yisrael Meir Shapira's son-in-law. Baruch also served as the shamash in the Rabbinical Court. Yisrael Meir Shapira was a Gerrer Chassid and scholar. His wife was known as Ganendel the barmaid. She was a very talented woman. Yisrael Meir Shapira had children with exceptional talents: Yankel, Yossel, Hirsh, Berel and Gedalyahu. Hirsh Ber Shapira was burned to death by the Nazis, may their names be blotted out, with his wife and daughter in the Bialystok synagogue. Gedalyahu Shapira emigrated before the War to America. The rest of his brothers were murdered by the Nazis, together with their families.
After Shmuel Kravchevitz, the gravedigger was Itsche Zlotko, who was also a shamash in the synagogue. Itsche Zlotko suffered from asthma. After Itsche Zlotko, the shamash in the synagogue and gravedigger was Benyamin Okune, the son of Masha'le and son-in-law of the teacher Yossel Yankel Spector.
There was another teacher of beginning pupils in Sokoly, and his name was Tuvia Hershel son of Natan.
Here is a list of teachers of Torah, the Prophets and the Writings (Tanach):
Mordechai Shlomo Blaustein (Rabinek); Chaim HaMelamed [the teacher]; Henich from Vilkaviskis [Lithuania] (the son-in-law of Zelig, the shamash of the Rabbinical Court).
Henich had two sons who were intellectuals: Chaim Leibel and Fishel.
Chaim Leibel had a very beautiful handwriting, and had a reputation as a great scribe. He emigrated to America, where he went by the name of Hyman Rosen. Over time, he was appointed secretary of the Sokoly Relief in Chicago, and became involved in public affairs.
Henich's second son, Fishel, remained in Poland. He was among the victims of the Nazis.
[PHOTO: Chaim Leibel Rosen and his wife
Former secretary of the Sokoly organization in Chicago]
A good teacher of the subject of Tanach was Mordechai, the shamash of the new bet medrash. His cheder was located in the bet medrash's guest house. He accompanied his lessons with a special tune, reading each verse in a loud voice, and his pupils repeated the verses in the same tune. He was an exacting teacher, but he did not punish his pupils with a whip as did the teachers Rabinek and Mavelkvisk. Nevertheless, his pupils trembled at his serious, critical glance. Mordechai was a proud man, of pleasant appearance, with a rounded beard.
At celebratory events in Sokoly, such as the dedication of a Torah scroll, Mordechai the shamash would wear the costume of a general in the Czar's army, decorated with colorful stripes and gilt shoulder insignia. Thus, he appeared as a greatly respected, elegant conquering general. Of course, it was not proper for a field marshal such as himself to walk. He rode a stallion with a decorated saddle, and sent kind glances toward his subjects, who humbled themselves before him in submission. The youths marched in the parade, carrying dozens of torches. After them came Chaim Pompuch on his horse, doing various acrobatic tricks. In his left hand, he held a burning torch, and in his right, a bottle of kerosene. From time to time he would take a sip from the bottle and spit toward the torch. The sprayed kerosene ignited in the air in picturesque lines, just like fireworks. The Torah scroll was carried under a canopy. In front of it marched a band of musicians playing happy dance music.
All Mordechai's children emigrated to America. From there, they sent their father substantial amounts of money. He built himself a two-story house with porches in Sokoly. In the end, he joined his children, who prospered in the new world.
Among the teachers of Torah, Rashi [his commentaries], and Nach [Prophets and Writings], there should be mentioned Tuvia Zvi Kaplan and Yisrael Hirshman, whose wife owned a bakery; Dudel from Bialystok ,and Mordechai, who also taught in the Talmud Torah.
Tuvia Zvi's oldest son was a singer in the choir of Avraham Yitzchak the shochet. He had a very beautiful tenor voice. Tuvia's younger son, Shmulke, was a tailor.
Among the gemara teachers, we must mention Benyamin Rabinowitz, who was regarded in the congregation as a righteous Kabbalist. His oldest daughter, [Sarah Miriam] married Shlomke Olsha. His other daughter, Musha, married Cycowicz, the wine merchant, from Bialystok. Benyamin's son, Shlomo dealt in engraving stamps and eventually made aliya to the Land of Israel. He wanted to learn at the Bezalel School of Art in Jerusalem.
Another gemara teacher was Itze Meir Golda. His two sons emigrated to the U.S., but Itze Meir himself decided to make aliya. In the end, the sons agreed to accept their father's wishes and they decided to support him when he would reach the Land of Israel with the rest of the family.
Still another gemara teacher was Leibel Dombrover, whom I mentioned above. Also Avraham Chaim Pilchowitz from Siemiatycze was not a bad teacher.
The next gemara teacher on the list was Reb Avraham, the son of Esther Rachel, who took it upon himself to be the one to call out Amen so as to encourage others in the congregation to do the same.
For a period of time, Avraham Yaakov Kenigsberg worked as a teacher in Sokoly. He had two daughters: Chana Raizel and Gittele, and four sons: Leibel, Gedalya, Mendel and Hershel. Leibel was active in public affairs. Some time before the War broke out, he emigrated to the U.S. where he continued to work for the public. Mendel, Hershel and Gittele live in Israel. Chana Raizel was murdered in the Holocaust. Gedalya did not return from Russia, and nothing is known regarding his fate.
Leibel Hillels was a most serious gemara teacher. The graduates of his cheder were very advanced and were able to teach gemara to others. A few of them continued to learn in famous yeshivot in Poland and Lithuania.
There were more Torah teachers, who temporarily taught a number of students for a few hours a day, such as Motele Lev and Yitzchak Morashkevitz, who owned a store selling steel products.
[PHOTO: Kenigsberg Family:Top row,(from left to right): Mendel Kenigsberg and his wife Sarah,
Rosa and Leibel Kenigsberg, Gitta Kremlowsky with her daughter Shoshana and her husband David
Bottom row (from left to right): Miriam Kenigsberg, Pia Kremlowsky, and Avraham Kenigsberg.
Yitzchak was regarded as a learned Jew. He owned a number of houses, granaries and stables. He passed away at the age of 50, leaving six sons and one daughter, Rashka, who was married to Motele. Four of Yitzchak's sons emigrated to the U.S. They are Benyaminke, Moshe, Shlomo and Shalom Yankel. A fifth son, Yisrael, owned a grocery store in Bialystok, and a sixth son, Katzkel, remained in Sokoly, where he inherited his parents' property.
To the list of temporary Torah teachers, we must add Moshe Yosef's son-in-law, Zalman David Zhelazo, a righteous fellow, the bridegroom of the widow Leah; Alter Novak; and Yaakov Meir HaMelamed.
Yaakov Meir did not have children with his first wife, the daughter of Feivel Nuvin, and the people of Sokoly called him bodzetnik (childless). He remained so until the age of 50. After his wife died, he married Mattel, the daughter of Hershel Kalman, and they had three successful children, a son and two daughters. His son, Hershel, learned in a yeshiva and later became a merchant. The two daughters were beauties.
[PHOTO: Sitting, from left: Yoel Zvi Konopiati, Kalman Konopiati, Raizel Yaskulka.
Standing, from left: Miriam Krushniansky, Zvia Shapira]
During the years 1920-1922, when the Puvshana School was established in Sokoly for Jewish children, Berel Konopiati (today, Dr. Bernard Kohen, in California) was one of the first teachers of Hebrew. He imbued the souls of the children with the spirit of Zionism. The children learned in a style similar to that of the schools that were established at that time in Poland after it became independent. Berel Konopiati completed his studies at the seminar of Dr. Yehoshua Tahon. In the United States, he completed the studies at the college for Reform rabbis, and he received the title of Dr. Rabbi.
There was another famous teacher in Sokoly, by the name of Itzke Levin, the son-in-law of Mendel Bialodvorsky. He taught Hebrew within the framework of religious studies in the public school and in various courses. He was active in the Zionist movement.
After World War I, the Hebrew language teachers taught for an hour or two per day, also in the cheder schools. Among these were Tsimbel, Brustein, and Zatorsky, the son-in-law of Pesach Brill.
Teachers of the Jewish students in the government schools were Shmeltzinger, Roth, Levin and Wasserman. Private Hebrew teachers who worked at certain times in Sokoly were Michael Maik, Neta Zholty, Leibel Bronstein and Chaim Michel Golden. A son of our town served as the principal of the schools of the Jewish community in Warsaw, the pedagogue and author, Professor Rafael Gutman.
The father of Chaim Michel, Berche Golden, an honest and religious man, lived next to the great bet medrash in the market place, opposite the pump. Berche's wife was extremely meticulous about the cleanliness of her house, so much so, that she oppressed her sons and daughters. There were two sons and three daughters in the family. All three of the daughters died of tuberculosis after they grew up, but before they were married. The oldest son, Chaim Michel, the Hebrew teacher, married a woman in Warsaw. They had a daughter who died in her childhood. The second son, Alter, had an only son, who was handsome and pleasant, by the name of Chaim. Alter had an oil press and conducted various businesses in the market. He lived in his parents' house. The mother, Mushele, died during the war and all the rest of the family were murdered in the Holocaust. In Sokoly, Mushele became the symbol of extreme cleanliness.
Michael, the son of Zerach Maik, the private teacher, was educated in the yeshivot. Until he was 18 years old, he learned only Talmud. In the moralist yeshivot, such as Yeshivat Knesset Yisrael in Slobodka, anyone who dared to look into the books of the Zionists was regarded as a heretic. Beginning at the age of 18, Michael obtained a general education in external high school courses. In 1919, Michael Maik married Tzippa, the daughter of Meir Meltz, a well-
[PHOTO: Berke Zholty and his wife Chaya Rachel]
known Tanach teacher in Vilna. Tzippa was the grand-daughter of Rabbi Meir Kaidan of Lithuania. For a few years, Michael gave private lessons and also opened a book shop. From this he supported himself until the war broke out. Michael Maik had an only son, Moshe, who had a technical education and was an electronics expert. Moshe has exceptionally good qualities, and he is loved by everyone. He is always ready to do good for someone. Michael's wife Tzippa was murdered in the Holocaust.
Top: Group of people from Sokoly at the wedding of Tzipora Maik and Yitzchak Chabis
Middle Left: Moshe and Sara Maik with their sons Yossi and Michael
Bottom Right: Michael and Tzippa Maik
Bottom Left: Yaakov and Tzipora Maik, soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces]
Neta, the son of Berka Zholty, belonged to the group of yeshiva students who were known during their time in Sokoly as students of the Breinsk and Lida yeshivot. Among these students were Reuven Lev, the son of Shmuel Leib the shochet, of blessed memory, and Yisrael Elgrod. The three of them learned in Rabbi Reines' yeshiva in Lithuania, where they also acquired a Zionist education. Neta Zholty worked for a time as a private Hebrew teacher. In due course, he made aliya to the Land of Israel, where he succeeded in the building supplies and coal businesses. After a few years he brought his parents and sisters to Israel, and he set them all up financially. His father, Berka, reached the age of 90.
[PHOTOS: Left: Dov Rachelsky
Right: Oba and Zvi (Leibtsha and Herschel) Zilberstein]
Leibel Bronstein learned in an external school in Vilna, where he obtained a pedagogical education. He was the head of a wonderful group in the HaShomer HaLeumi organization. He organized groups for young girls, Hebrew courses, appointed appropriate counselors for activities and organized cultural work on a high level. He had a lot of energy and unusual devotion. He was blessed with a talent for drawing, art and literature.
In 1937, Bronstein emigrated to Mexico. There, he worked initially as a bookkeeper, but after a short time Leibel became the owner of a factory that made ordinary and artistic leather products, such as wallets, bags and many other things decorated with Mexican art. After the State of Israel was established, Bronstein visited Israel many times. He also took the opportunity to use his trips for making investments in Israel.
Leibel's brother, Pinia [Pinchas], had an outstanding talent for public speaking. Already at his bar mitzvah celebration, everyone was inspired at his discourse, which took half an hour and was enthusiastically given in Hebrew. With pathos and in imitation of an experienced actor, Pinia was happy. He loved to tell jokes and enjoyed being a comedian. He was an active member of Beitar. During the Soviet occupation, he worked as a bookkeeper in a government institution and was sent by the authorities to a bookkeeping course that was held in Minsk. In this way, he was saved from the Germans and remained alive in Russia. After the war, he returned from Russia with a group of refugees to Poland, and from there he travelled to his brother Leibel in Mexico.
And here are a number of men from our town who completed teachers' seminaries:
My grandfather, Leibel [Lejba] Choroszcz, the blacksmith at that period, told me: Yisrael Gutman, who was a serious scholar, busy with public affairs, generous and of good character, hired a Christian waggoner to bring him liquors for his business. The waggoner planned a robbery on one of his trips, knowing that Yisrael Gutman had a significant amount of money in his possession. The waggoner arranged with his partners, the robbers, that they would meet up with the wagon in the middle of the forest and steal all the Jew's money. When they arrived at the intended location in the forest, the robbers attacked Gutman, murdered him and took all his money. Alter Serbrolov, Zalman Yachnes' father-in-law, was travelling in that same wagon. The robbers beat him on the head with a club. Alter collapsed from the hard blow and fainted, and his breathing stopped. The scoundrels thought he was dead; they took all his money and left him there. That is how Alter Serbrolov was rescued from death. After that event, he was known in Sokoly as Alter the Wise Man. Others called him, in Polish, nyaduvitik (half dead).
One of Meir Halpern's sons-in-law, Chena Gelfan, was a scholar and a big crop merchant. He led a wealthy household. He was the father of two sons, Benjamin and Herzel, and a daughter named Dina. His sons emigrated to America. Hertzel was an excellent student in Leibel Hallelis' cheder, with a sharp mind, even though he was the youngest of the students. The daughter Dina completed high school and married Rafael Gutman. They moved to Warsaw to live, where they were occupied in teaching. Rafael achieved the degree of pedagogic professor, and he was the principal of the Jewish Community of Warsaw schools. The brothers, Rafael and Shammai Gutman, travelled to the Zionist Congresses. After every Congress, they were accustomed to give a report to a general meeting of the members of the Zionist movement in Sokoly.
Another of Meir Halpern's sons-in-law was Neta Yakobson, an educated, scholarly man, an active Zionist and a bookkeeper at the bank in Bialystok. At the meetings, Neta Yakobson would speak without remuneration.
Meir's third son-in-law, Shlomo Rosochatzky, was also an educated scholar. After the death of his father-in-law, Meir Halpern, he inherited his house and business and supported his mother-in-law, Chana Miriam, until the day she died.
Rosachatzky loved to tell jokes, and he also loved to express his opinion on public matters. In the days of the Polish government, Rosachatzky was one of the assistants of the head of the Jewish community in Sokoly, Felek Goldstein, and during the German occupation he was one of the determining authorities among the members of the Judenrat.
Rosachatzky had three daughters and one son named Meir. All were talented. His two oldest daughters, Yenta and Liba, completed their education at the Gymnasia in Vilna. The oldest daughter, Yenta, married her teacher at the Gymnasia, who fell in love with her. The third daughter finished the local public school with excellence. Rosachatzky's only son, Meir, learned in a famous yeshiva and was exceptionally sharp. He also studied books of sermons. After a certain time, Meir Rosachatzky became a rabbi in a Torah community. His students praised him, saying: After Rabbi Hershel Aharon Yonhas, who was a famous sermonizer, they had other rabbis and sermonizers, but they had never heard such tasteful, knowledgeable sermons, spoken with a mouth producing precious stones like those of Meir Rosachatzky.
At that time, the famous scholars in Sokoly, as far as I know, were: (1) the famous teacher Leibel Hallels, who was also a rabbinical judge; (2) Moshe Avraham Ginzberg, the Rabbi's son-in-law; (3) the famous sermonizer Hershel Aharon Yonhas; (4) Baruch Tzvi, the publican; (5) Benyamin Rabinowitz, the gemara teacher; (6) Berel Golden, a pure, Heaven-fearing righteous man of sterling character. Another like him was hard to find. He took care not to gossip or speak about others. When he would hear slander about someone, Dov Golden would make a cancelling movement with his hands and say, in Polish, datsh spokoi. (7) Reb Shmuel Rogovitz, who was very sharp and learned, as mentioned above; (8) Chena Natan, who was known as a genius in his youth; (9) Itze Meir Golda, the gemara teacher; (10) Yona Czentkovsky, a scholar, intellectual and sermonizer.
Yona Czentkovsky knew Hebrew grammar and was learned in the Bible, a linguist. Besides Hebrew and Yiddish, he knew the Polish, Russian and German languages. For a time, Yona Czentkovsky was a teacher of Hebrew and religious studies. After that, he began to write requests for the Courts and the tax offices, and became an appeals lawyer. He competed with Attorney Lifnovitz. Neither of them had the right to defend in the Courts. They only wrote the requests and the appeals in criminal cases and in matters of inheritance and taxes. Lipnevitz worked for a long time for an attorney. In contrast, Yona Czentkovsky used judicial books for writers of appeals. Yona was a religious intellectual. He prayed three times a day in a minyan and every day after the prayers, he would learn the daf yomi [page of gemara for that day]. He learned for an hour after the morning prayers, and three hours every evening. He also taught a page of gemara to the Gemara Group.
Yona Czentkovsky had the custom of not speaking about daily matters on the Sabbath. If he would be asked something on the Sabbath, he would answer in Hebrew or in sign language. Yona extended his silent prayer (Shmone Esrei) longer than the Rabbi. In doing so, Yona Czentkovsky competed with his brother-in-law, Mordechai Aharon Shustak, the owner of a fabric shop, who also was very religious and took upon himself every stringency of the law according to the Chayei Adam and Shulchan Aruch. Mordechai Aharon also spent a few hours every day in the bet medrash. He had a permanent daily routine for learning Torah, a chapter of mishnayot, a page of gemara, and other holy books. During the Shmone Esrei prayer, the two brothers-in-law, Yona and Mordechai Aharon, competed with each other in lengthening their prayer. Sometimes Mordechai Aharon would be later in stepping the three steps backward at the end of the prayer, and sometimes it would be Yona.
Yona had four sons and two daughters. His sons did not learn in the schools or with private teachers, but in their childhood, their father taught them to pray, chumash with Rashi [commentaries], tanach and a bit of Hebrew. In 1920, Yona's oldest son Itze crossed the border between Poland and Lithuania, where he lived for two years in Kovno, Memel and Irenburg, respectively. Suddenly, the news reached Sokoly that Itze Czentkovsky received a matriculation certificate and had registered at the university. At the same time, Itze was hired as a teacher in a government school. In addition, he was a permanent worker at a Hebrew newspaper and a writer of poems and published articles. When they asked Yona how his oldest son Itze had managed to receive a matriculation certificate and be accepted as a teacher in a government gymnasia in only two years, the father answered that his son had always had the talents of a genius, but was very shy by nature, however, he was a devoted and motivated student.
[PHOTO: Aryeh (Leibel) Brill]
Yona's second son, Dov, also acquired a set of notebooks that included a complete course of high school studies, which was published by a group of Russian professors. These notebooks were intended for students to learn without assistance from teachers. The students learned in a systematic way according to the directions in the notebooks, and prepared all the exercises. They solved all the problems given them in the notebooks, including subjects such as mathematics, engineering, physics and chemistry. Once a month, the students sent all their written work to the staff of writers for evaluation. Dov Czentkovsky bought these notebooks, used them, and succeeded over a short period of time in gaining a high level of education and in the knowledge of the French and English languages.
Well-known students in Sokoly were Pesach Brill and Zelig Kolodzensky, the shubs, Shmuel Leib and Leibel, Barush the shub's son-in-law, Yaakov Leib Perlowitz, who was the teacher in Klashtzel; Yaakov Leib Goldstein and Mordechai Alter Novak; the brothers Yossi and Yaakov Eliya Sarbrulov, the brothers Yaakov Tzvi and Shalom Yitzchak Segal, and Kalman Yaakov Okune. The famous geniuses of the time were Avraham Yaakov Brill and Yisrael Goldstein, David and Yaakov Finkelstein and Abba Bialodvorsky, Mendel Pachiner, Moshe Lipa Shulmeister, Tzvi Yismach, Yaakov Yanovitz and Yosef Charbonitz.
Pesach Brill was a merchant of imposing appearance, an intelligent scholar. When he would be a bit free from his business, he would set times for learning Torah and would learn a page of gemara in depth, with all the commentaries. He would discuss the Torah lessons in the issues of the gemara with the yeshiva students. Pesach Brill also loved to talk with the intelligent yeshiva students about literature, classics and philosophies. He would quote Achad Ha'Am, Nachum Sokolov, Max Nordau, Jabotinsky and Hillel Zeitlin. He also loved to talk about political matters. Pesach Brill passed away in the prime of his life, at the age of 60 plus.
There was another intelligent scholar in Sokoly, and his name was Zelig Kolodzhensky. He, and his three sons: Yankel, Chananya and Chaim, purchased a large house in Bialystok and turned it into a textile factory. For himself, Zelig bought another large and beautiful house in Sokoly from Yaakov Chaim Sokolovitz. His son Yankel married Ettel, the daughter of Rabbi Avraham Epstein. Zelig Kolodzhensky would lead the morning prayers on the High Holidays in the new bet medresh.
[PHOTO: Ettel and Yankel Kolodzhensky and their daughters, Sarah and Edka]
The shochet, Shmuel Leib, was a sermonizer and an expert in ritual slaughter and inspection. Another shochet was Leibel, Zelig's son, who was skillful and expert. He would read a page of gemara to the Shas study group in the new bet medrash and explain the problems of the Talmud in a simple, understandable way that everyone could easily comprehend.
Yaakov Leib Goldstein, Rabbi Bezalel Atlas' brother-in-law from Vilna, had a first-born son, Felek. He was a good speaker and was familiar with diplomacy. People predicted that he would be a minister in the future government of the Land of Israel. When the Polish government was established in 1918, Felek became the head of the Jewish Community Council in Sokoly and the representative of the Jews with the authorities. All the financial matters of the community were in Palek's hands. The mayor of the town, Dr. Valostowsky, his two secretaries, and others, valued his opinion on many matters. One of his sons was a famous soccer player in Bialystok; the other (Bolek) worked for the Soviets as a head bookkeeper.
During the Soviet occupation, Felek was arrested for spreading Zionist propaganda. He was sent to prison in Bialystok and then was sent to Siberia, where his footsteps disappeared. His wife and two sons were murdered in the Holocaust.
The second son of Rabbi Yaakov Goldstein, Moshe Dov, was also influential in community matters in Sokoly. He was the father of two sons: Aharon and Yitzchak. Yitzchak was active in HaShomer HaLeumi in Sokoly and one of the activists in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, where he was killed. Moshe Dov moved to Warsaw to live with his family, where they received an inheritance after the death of his second wife's father. During the War, their house collapsed as the result of bombing by the Germans, and all the members of the family were buried under its ruins.
To be remembered among the scholars are: the brothers Yossi and Yaakov Elia Sarbrulov, students in the famous Telshe Yeshiva; Yaakov Tzvi and Shalom Yitzchak Segal, the sons of Zundel Segal, who was known as the genius from Tiktin [Tykocin]; his oldest son, Nachman David, lived in Wyszkow where he learned Torah. Yaakov Tzvi was a publican, and when the Jews' licenses were cancelled he received the position of Rabbi of the city of Zaremby [Zareby Kosciene] and afterwards in Wyszkow. The third son, Shalom Yitzchak Segal, was a rabbi in a town in the Bialystok vicinity and later in Trestiny [Trzcianne].
The brothers Alter and Mordechai Novak were Torah scholars. Alter, first among the students of the Telshe Yeshiva, was killed during the first days of the German invasion. Mordechai learned in the Chafetz Chaim's yeshiva in Radun [Belarus].
In 1917, when the shooting of World War I had not yet stopped, Mordechai was a conductor on the Vilna-Minsk-Libowa-Riga train. While he worked, he dealt in smuggling. In 1923, he suddenly appeared in Sokoly as an educated German, with a fancy briefcase in his hand. He even spoke German, and gave a two-hour lecture in that language. He told his friends that he had completed rabbinical school in Germany and that he served as a rabbi in Frankfurt, where he lectured in the synagogue of the Orthodox Jewish congregation, along with the genius from Sokoly, Avraham Yaakov Brill.
Another scholar in our town was Yisrael, the son of Yitzchak Goldstein. He married a wealthy girl in Bialystok, and afterwards moved with his father-in-law's family to St. Petersburg.
Moshe Lipa Shulmeister learned with dedication. He was a student in the Volozhin Yeshiva. Mendel Pachiner was an outstanding scholar, especially because of his sons the Rabbis Ben Menachem and Avraham Pachiner. The scholar Abba Bialodvorsky learned at first in Czyzew and later, together with me, at the Slobodka Yeshiva in Kovno. Abba had a reputation as being a genius. Once, in a conversation I had with him, he explained that there are some who learn gemara continuously for 10 years, even digging into the commentaries, but they remain ignorant of the Torah itself. And there are others, who do not invest all their energies, but know how to extract the essence of the problem. Abba, and all the members of his family, were killed in Warsaw during the Holocaust.
There was another scholar, Yosef Chervonitz, who owned a fabric store. His son Yechiel married the teacher Morstein, and they emigrated to the U.S. His son Yechezkel taught Jewish subjects in a government school for Jewish children. During the Nazi occupation, Yechezkel was a member of the Judenrat. Of the entire Chervonitz family, only Yechiel Mordechai and Ettel survived.
More yeshiva students:Yismach Tzvi, the son-in-law of Yaakov Petrushka;Yaakov Yanovitz, who also was a member of the Judenrat; the brothers David and Yaakov Finkelstein; Eliezer Patinka; Meir Rosochatzky; Shmuel Rudnik; Zeidel Hirshman; Alter Leo Polak.
The grandfather of the Finkelstein brothers, Tzvi, was one of the wealthy men of Sokoly, but he was known to be a miser. In spite of his great fortune (he was estimated to have 80,000 rubles) he lived with his family on bread and water. He saw luxuries in everything: in clothing, in shoes, in household utensils and the like. His sons, Daniel and Yaakov, learned in a yeshiva. Yaakov also acquired a general education; he knew several languages. He died unmarried at the age of 22. Of the children of Daniel Finkelstein, only his son Yaakov remained alive and now lives in Kfar Ata, in Israel.
Eliezer Patinka was the grandson of the righteous Leibel Dombrover, who had rabbinic ordination. It is told of Rav Leibel Dombrover that his son, David Patinka, was well-established and the owner of a workshop for processing wool in one of the villages, not far from Sokoly, where he lived with his wife Bashka and their five children.
One night, robbers attacked their house.They murdered David, his wife and two of his children. At that time, the rest of the children were visiting relatives and were thus saved from death. The dead were brought to Sokoly, to Chucha Seines' house. Leibel Dombrover stood over the bodies of his dear ones for long hours, swaying back and forth with a broken heart and murmuring, G-d gave and G-d took. G-d's judgement is just! The dramatic struggle taking place inside him could be easily seen the struggle between the natural love for his children and the fear of Heaven and the Creator of the World. A Jew is required to sanctify G-d and fulfill you shall love HaShem your G-d with all your heart and all your soul, and should not question the goodness of the attributes of the Holy One, Blessed be He. One must stand up to the test, like our Father Abraham, who was ready to sacrifice his only son Yitzchak. A spirit of holiness, humility and purity hovered on the face of Rav Leibel Dombrover, but in his heart was extreme anguish and great feelings of distress.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Let There be Cake!Logic Grid puzzles come with a handy interactive grid that will help you solve the puzzle based on the given clues.
Three kids ordered cakes, but the cooks mixed up the orders. Use these hints to find out what cake each student had:
1: Bobby hates chocolate.
2: Charlotte would not be caught DEAD with vanilla.
3: Melonie ordered the fruit flavored cake.
4: Bobby was having a birthday.
5: Charlotte loved anything creamy.
6: Melonie loves to have little candies on her cake.
AnswerBobby had vanilla and candles.
Charlotte had chocolate and frosting.
Melonie had strawberry and sprinkles.
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text:
Explosives have many important uses in mining, quarrying, construction and demolition, avalanche control, manufacturing, fire fighting, law enforcement, entertainment industry, pyrotechnics (fireworks), logging, agriculture, and even medicine to fracture kidney and gall stones.
Both federal and state licensing regulations are in place to ensure protection for the general public, a safe workplace for users of explosives, and to prevent illegal use and misuse of explosives. For example, if you manufacture, sell, purchase, store, or blast with explosives, you will need a Washington State explosives license. You will also need a federal license, issued by ATF, if you are a non-government entity that manufactures, imports, sells, purchases, uses or handles, or stores explosives.
Along with licensing requirements, employers must meet applicable workplace safety and health requirements at the job site. These requirements are established to prevent injuries and illnesses caused by explosives and other safety hazards at work.
Request an explosives licensing packet by phone at 360-902-5563 or e-mail at email@example.com. Please specify the type of explosive license requested.
Note: Fees decrease effective October 1, 2016. See the notification from L&I for more information (25 KB PDF).
Related Topics
- Accident Prevention Program
- Agriculture
- Carbon Monoxide
- Combustible Dust
- Fire Fighting Safety
- Hazardous Atmosphere
- Hearing Loss Prevention & Noise
- Logging
- Marine & Waterfront Safety
- Process Safety Management (PSM)
- Silica
More help from L&I
For general information, call 1-800-423-7233.


text:
Property Carrier
Type of Operation
Property Carrier
A person who transports property.
Authority Document
Operating Requirements
- This permit authorizes your operations only in Virginia.
- You can transport household goods only if the goods are delivered to a place that is less than 31 road-miles from the place where you picked them up. Household Goods - personal effects and property used or to be used in a dwelling, when a part of the equipment or supplies of such dwelling, and similar property if the transportation of such effects or property is (i) arranged and paid for by the householder, including transportation of the property from a factory or store when the property is purchased by the householder with intent to use it in his dwelling or (ii) arranged and paid for by another party.
- If you receive a written claim of loss or damage on any household goods that you transported, you must:
- On the claim itself, write the date you received it.
- Within 30 days, send the claimant a written acknowledgement of receipt of the claim.
- Within 120 days, you must:
- Pay the claim, or
- Send written notification that you decline to pay the claim, or
- Make a firm compromise settlement offer in writing.
- If the claim is not processed or disposed of within 120 days, send the claimant a written report of the status of the claim every 30 days, along with the reasons for the delay.
- You may not, by contract or otherwise, shorten the length of time a person has for filing a claim to less than 30 days or shorten the time for filing a suit to less than two years.
Tariff and Time Schedule Requirements
Insurance Requirements
$750,000 - Bodily Injury and Property Damage
$50,000 - Cargo
Bond Requirements
Registration and License Plate Requirements
See Registration and License Plate Requirements
License Plates: For-Hire license plates
Vehicle Registration: Must be registered as for-hire
Operating Authority Registration
- IRP Vehicles - Obtain operating authority decals as proof of operating authority registration
- All Other Vehicles - The operating authority information will be displayed on the vehicle registration card when the for-hire license plates are issued.
$10 Operating Authority Registration fee per vehicle
$3 for a duplicate permit
Miscellaneous Requirements
Address Change - You must report any new address to DMV's Motor Carriers Services within 30 days.
Discontinuing Service - If you go out of business or stop providing the service authorized, you must notify DMV in writing within 30 days.


text:
Mail: Thanks for helping Aiden
Brewer at the Legislature: Mob rule
More opinion
Robertson and Delsing re-elected chair, vice chair of NWB
Goat Expo set first October weekend
More Ag News
The North Platte First National Bank Juniors swept Columbus 11-1 and 14-5 on Wednesday at Bill Wood Field.
"I was really pleased," said Ostergard. "I am really impressed with my team. Pitching, we hit all the spots we needed to. We also hit well and on defense, we had a couple of errors but for the most part, we did what we needed to."
In the first game, Columbus scored the first run in the bottom of the first inning, but that was all they could muster against pitcher Kevin Hancock.
In the second, Braiden Ruffin tied the game for the First Nationals (4-1) with a one-out single to center field.
North Platte then took the lead for good in the fourth on a Marcus Silos sacrifice fly that scored Hancock, who led off the inning with a triple to right-center.
In the fifth, the Nationals broke the game open by scoring six runs and chasing Columbus started Miles Putnam from the game.
In the second game, the First Nationals scored the first three runs. But in the fourth inning, Columbus answered back with five runs to take a two-run lead.
But North Platte took the lead back in the bottom half of the inning. Ruffin scored the first run of the rally on a balk by Benne. Then with two outs, Jace Barker gave the First Nationals the lead with a two-run single to right.
Zach Smith came on for Benne after the Barker base hit and he walked Hancock to load the bases. Silos then cleared them with a double to give North Platte a 9-5 lead.
The Nationals finished the day by scoring five runs in the sixth inning before Devan Hovden came on for starter Jayden Kruse and struck out the side in the seventh to finish the game.
Flatrock Publishing, Inc.
1300 E 4th St., Suite F
North Platte, NE 69101


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A SIXTH form in Dursley has recorded its highest ever A-level results as scores of students get set for the next step.
Of its 90 Year 13 students, Rednock School saw those achieving three grades between A* to E rise to 85 per cent while those achieving two of the same grade rose to 95 per cent.
Every student got at least one A level and the average point score rose to 202.8, the highest it has ever been for the school.
What we try and do is make sure they get the results they need for their next step.
The results saw a big rise in the average score for boys, who traditionally fall behind girls academically.
Headteacher David Alexander said staff and students had done particularly well to improve after changes to the exam structure mid way through the academic year, including a clamp down on re-sits.
"We're particularly pleased with the results this year, it has been very successful," he said.
"This is a positive five year story. We have put in a lot of hard work during this period to push the school forward and that's the direction we're going in.
"We have also got kids going into vocational areas and apprenticeships. We make sure everyone gets what they need, which is crucial for a comprehensive school."


text:
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text:
Office Products North America
|Avery Dennison Contact:
|Fran Youssef
|(714) 674-8335
Brea, Calif. – October 5, 2009 – Avery Dennison Office Products Company, a business unit of Avery Dennison Corporation, (http://www.avery.com), debuts an online universal package tracker service that allows small businesses and individuals to track up to 50 packages at a time from multiple carriers—all in one place.
"Whether you do a lot of personal mailings or extensive small business shipping, your packages are valuable - and tracking shipments can be extremely time consuming," says May Vathanasaynee, Product Manager, Labels Marketing. "With the Avery® Universal Package Tracker Beta, you have an online service that lets you keep tabs on all of your packages from major carriers on just one screen. Best of all, this package tracking tool is free."
Once shippers enter their tracking numbers into the Avery® Universal Package Tracker Beta, they are added to the easy-to-read dashboard. Users can then:
- Begin tracking and saving up to 50 packages at a time
- Track packages from multiple carriers on one screen
- Sort packages by carrier, progress, tracking number, recipient or notes
- View a map that shows where packages have been, as well as the current location of the packages
- Enter recipient name and description for each package for easy reference
- Use the Fast Track feature to get instant results without logging in
Shippers can choose to sign up for a free account for tracking multiple packages, or just quickly track one package. For more information about Avery Universal Package Tracker Beta or to begin utilizing this free online service, visit www.avery.com/tracker.
About Avery Dennison Office Products
Avery Dennison Office Products group markets products under the well-known Avery brand name and is one of the world's leading manufacturers of self-adhesive labels for laser and ink jet printers, labeling software, binders, sheet protectors, index and tab dividers and other office-, home- and school-related supplies. Avery Dennison Office Products, a business unit of Avery Dennison Corporation, is based in Brea, California.
For more information about Avery-brand products, consumers can visit the Avery Dennison Worldwide Office Products Web site at www.avery.com or call the Avery Dennison Consumer Service Center at 1-800-GO-AVERY (1-800-462-8379). Avery and all other Avery brands and product names are trademarks of Avery Dennison Corporation.
Download PDF Version


text: Yeah, the Best Actor award was decided the moment Daniel Day Lewis was cast to play Lincoln, i.e. how could Daniel Day Lewis playing Abraham Lincoln be anything but a spectacular life-changing experience? No other actor this year ever had a chance. I don't even think that Marlon Brando in The Godfather could win against the Lewis/Lincoln hype machine.This quote is hidden because you are ignoring this member. Show Quote


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phone view phone(713) 743-2247 Address 100 Law Center
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A. Harrison Barnes is a well-known attorney throughout the United States. As a member of the Malibu community, Harrison is committed to serving the needs of Malibu residents and businesses in legal matters.


text:
Heather Nyberg-Schlotzhauer
Beacon Correspondent
The Cuddeback Parent Teacher Organization is holding their annual Halloween Carnival at the Cuddeback School on Friday from 5 p.m. until the end of the live auction, which begins at 8 p.m.
A barbecue dinner with hamburgers, hot dogs, chili dogs, nachos, salad and more will begin at 5 p.m. with a silent auction running throughout the evening. Carnival games will begin at 6 p.m. and run until 7:30 p.m. to prepare for the live auction.
Carnival games will include the traditional and unique, said Lindsey Reback, a teacher at Cuddeback and volunteer for the event.
"We will have a cake walk, black light bowling, dime toss, sand art, fish pond, plinko, primping parlor, cupcake walk, and much more," Reback said. "The highlight of the night will be the haunted bus and graveyard put on by the 8th grade."
At 8 p.m., when the live auction begins, they will be auctioning off items including bikes, cords of wood, Fire and Light wares, and much more, Reback said.
"100 percent of the money raised will stay at the school for classroom supplies, field trips, their End of Year Celebration for students and families, Carlotta Community Center Holiday Project, Santa's Workshop, End of Year picnic, and various other contributions for Cuddeback Kids," Reback said.
Reback said the Santa's Workshop is an amazing night where the kids and their families come and have dinner together.
"The kids get to make homemade presents for their families and last year there were over 20 stations for the kids to choose from," Reback said. "Stations included frames, bird houses, foot scrubs, jewelry, wax candles, ornaments, and more."
The Carlotta Community Center project is helping families that need a little extra help over the holidays with food, jackets and toys.
The end of the year celebration is the last day of school. Cuddeback PTO brings in face painters, balloon artists, a reptile man, petting zoo, Zumba, glitter art, a photo booth and more. The idea is to just have fun and celebrate. The event also hosts a barbecue for all the families.
"Each year the PTO gives gift cards to all the teachers to them purchase school supplies for their students and also in past years the PTO purchased TVs for all the classrooms," Reback said. "We also take the whole school in one big field trip to the movies right before the holidays."
For more information about the carnival, contact 768-3372.


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Faux Squirrel Synthetic Watercolor Brush 3/4 by Dynasty Faux Squirrel
Product ID:
Price Quote
when buying in bulk
Bristles are made of a techno-synthetic that is designed to replicate the painting qualities of natural squirrel hair. It holds as much color as a natural squirrel brush allowing for an even flow of paint. Unlike its natural counterpart this brush will continue to hold its shape and will show far less wear over time. Its kiln dried innovative soft coating wood handle allows for a sure grip through hours of painting. Short handle brushes for painting with watercolors. Flat size 3/4.


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While I didn't get a chance to attend E3 this year, folks at the office were abuzz about Mickey Rourke's visit to the booth to promote Rogue Warrior. If you missed it, Rourke stars as the voice of the game's lead character, Richard "Demo Dick" Marcinko.
In addition to Rourke, the real Demo Dick was at our booth. Check out G4TV's interview with him (which also includes Todd discussing Point Lookout).
At Game Trailers, there's a new video interview with Project Lead Aeron Guy. Additionally, Digital Trends has a podcast interview with Producer Charles Harribey.
Preview coverage from E3 is making its way online too. Check out impressions of the game at Big Download, Neoseeker, Gaming Angels, and IGN.
Rogue Warrior ships on PC, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3 this fall. Head to the game's Official Site for more details.
Update: In Blast Magazine's Best of E3 2009, Rogue Warrior was named Best Multiplatform game. You can also read their preview here.


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Wednesday started with an Informix "eat and meet" breakfast followed by nine different Informix sessions spread throughout the day. My favorite session was: "How Hildebrand and IBM bring smart metering to homes across Britain". It was very interesting to see a real-time system where people can see their power consumption and compare it to a pool of similar housed to see how they are doing. The system does not only measure the total consumption at a home but can break it down to specific outlets. For example, some people were able to find out that their energy consumption was greatly impacted by their use of hair straitening devices. Another person could find out that they spent around 250 pounds per year to run their old refrigerator. Buying a new one for 200 pounds made it pay for itself pretty quickly.
Of course, the other presentations were also interesting. They covered areas such as building data warehouse, grid-based replication, Informix in the cloud and more.
An additional 11 sessions were held on Thursday to wrap up the conference.
The one thing that is hard to measure at a conference like this is the value of the interactions with other people. Discussions on different interests and new challenges, and also how Informix has been used. This ties into what I mentioned in this blog on Oct 9. Good ideas come form people interactions. The conference provided a good environment for that. This was a great conference and you can expect interesting things coming out of the Informix lab in the future. I'm sure we'll have a lot to say next time we meet: The International Informix Users Group (IIUG) conference in Overland Park, Kansas, that will be help between May 15 and 18, 2011.


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Garnering Praise
Your article on A.I.R. Racing ("A Brief, Shining Moment," Aug. '13) brought back many fond memories for me.
In 1968 I was selling cars for a Chevrolet dealer in Wisconsin, serving as the high-performance and Corvette specialist. I took a month off to go to Daytona for the 24 hours.
While checking out the pits the day before the race, I ran across James Garner walking along with the current Miss Universe. I approached Jim and asked if I could have a photo [taken] with him, and he was more than happy to oblige. We talked for a bit, and he invited me to have lunch with him at Junior Johnson's Chicken Shack in the pits. After lunch he asked if I wanted to watch the race from his pit, and of course I jumped at the chance. The attached photo is of Jim in his pit at sunrise on the second day of the race. [That's A.I.R. team member Dick Guldstrand on the right—Ed.]
I don't think I have ever met a celebrity who was a nicer, kinder human being than James Garner.
Hal Scheie
Long Beach, CA
Nix the Six
Stop it, please. I've been a Corvette fan for as long as I can remember, and I've owned a red '79 since 1990. I love tradition and history, so when pop-up headlights went away on the C6, I didn't like it at first. I eventually got used to it, though. Then came non-round taillights on the C7. Again, I didn't care for them initially, but I came to appreciate them too (even though I haven't seen a C7 in person yet).
But GM, please, when talking about the Corvette's future, stop bringing up the terms "V-6" and "mid-engine!" No matter how "global" you want to make the Corvette, you can't take away that big, front-mounted V-8.
Stephen Chapis
Georgetown, DE
Getting Back on Track
I have a '92 Corvette that I bought as a driver. Both seats move some in the tracks during braking. I went to a Chevy dealer and was told that the tracks needed to be replaced at a cost of $1,400 each. I don't want to spend that kind of money because I am thinking of getting a '14 model. The car has only 47,000 miles, and I have never had this problem in any of my other Corvettes. Can you help?
Mike Cress
Crystal River, FL
When seeking service on an out-of-warranty Corvette, it's often advisable to rely on a marque specialty shop, rather than a new-car dealership. Fortunately, there are several such shops in your general area, any of which should be able to get your seats back "on track" for significantly less money. Check out the various Corvette-specific online forums for customer feedback and recommendations.
More Swap Talk
Wrong answer! Reader Richard Craig of Denver, North Carolina, asked a ligitimate [sic] question about an LS conversion for a C4 ("Front Lines," Aug. '13), and you responded like a car dealership instead of an enthusiast magazine. May I suggest Mr. Craig ask Hot Rod, Popular Hot Rodding, or similar magazines the same question, and he will receive a plethora of advice, photos, and contacts about how to do the conversion. VETTE has become a picture book.
Robert Detwiler
Jacksonville, FL
We didn't say the swap wasn't possible—after all, one could conceivably insert a Lycoming XR-7755 aircraft engine in a C4 if one were truly dedicated—just that it didn't make for a compelling cost-benefit analysis in this instance. (And yes, we like nice photography.)
What Do You Say?
Got a question, comment, or complaint? Log on to vetteweb.com and share your thoughts. We can also be reached by email firstname.lastname@example.com through our postal address at VETTE Magazine, 9036 Brittany Way, Tampa, FL 33619. All letters must be typed and are presumed to be for publication. VETTE reserves the right to edit letters.


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"Refactoring" Notes
I'm not going to bother with a review of Martin Fowler's Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code. It's good enough that its catalog, available in expanded form online, now provides the definitive vocabulary shared by dozens of refactoring tools … Continue reading
Posted in Book Review, Refactoring Leave a comment
Unit Testing [Serializable]
A common struggle with unit testing is figuring when to just assume somebody else's code works. One such example is serializability: for simple classes, it should "just work" so we shouldn't need to write a unit test for each of … Continue reading
Posted in NUnit, Serializable, testing 3 Comments
Review: Pragmatic Unit Testing In C# with NUnit (2nd Edition)
I've written hundreds of tests, read dozens of articles and listened to several presentations on unit testing, but until recently had never actually read a book dedicated to the subject. In reviewing my options, I was told repeatedly that I … Continue reading
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Lazy PowerShell Coalesce-Args
A while back I posted a coalesce function for PowerShell that would try to return the first non-null argument passed to it. One drawback of this function is that each argument expression will be evaluated before being passed into the … Continue reading
Posted in posh-git, powershell 1 Comment
posh-git Release v0.1
I've made a bit of progress on posh-git since my last post and figured now is as good a time as any to tag a v0.1 release, which you can download here. In this release… Git Branch in PowerShell Prompt … Continue reading
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posh-git: A PowerShell Environment for Git
I've been meaning to put together a post about this for a few days, but Mark Embling beat me to it. I'm a big fan of PowerShell and Git, but had never bothered using them together until Jeremy Skinner's post … Continue reading
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SPWeb.AssociatedGroups.Contains Lies
While working on SPExLib (several months ago), I revisited this post, which presented a functional approach to a solution Adam describes here. Both posts include logic to add an SPWeb group association, which most simply could look something like this: … Continue reading
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Extension Methods on Types You Own?
It's no secret that I'm a fan of using extension methods to make code more concise and expressive. This is particularly handy for enhancing APIs outside of your control, from the base class library to ASP.NET MVC and SharePoint. However, … Continue reading
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Quick Tip: Parse String to Nullable Value
When you're dealing with a system like SharePoint that returns most data as strings, it's common to want to parse the data back into a useful numeric format. The .NET framework offers several options to achieve this, namely the static … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized 1 Comment
Selecting Static Results with Dynamic LINQ
Dynamic LINQ (DLINQ) is a LINQ extension provided in the VS 2008 Samples. Scott Guthrie provides a good overview here: Dynamic LINQ (Part 1: Using the LINQ Dynamic Query Library), but the executive summary is that it implements certain query … Continue reading
Posted in DLINQ, Expression Trees, LINQ, Stack Overflow Leave a comment


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Chevrolet shows the romantic side of cattle breeding in a 60-second commercial set to air in the first quarter of the Super Bowl this Sunday.
The ad starts with a hard-working feel similar to previous ads for Chevy trucks, but in typical Super Bowl fashion takes a light-hearted twist as "You Sexy Thing" starts playing with a shot of a Hereford bull introduced as "a very eligible bachelor."
The ad goes on to show herd rebuilding in on the mind of at least one cattle producer as he backs up the trailer and opens the gate to introduce the stud to four "ladies."
The commercial, titled "Romance," promotes the new 2015 Sliverado HD.


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So...yeah. If you could pick any character from the comics to appear in TWAU (either as a recurring character or simply just a cameo), who would it be and why? I would personally love to see Cinderella in TWAU.
She's such a badass! TWAU definitely has some strong female characters in it, but none quite like Cinderella. Oh, and I'd probably like to see something to do with Mr. North/North Wind:
Mr. North has always intrigued me, for some odd reason.


text:
Who We Are
We strive to provide the knowledge that drives improvement in schools, and the tools to facilitate better outcomes for all students. Read More
View Our New and Notable 2016 Digital Catalog
Teacher Ambassador Program
We're about to launch our 2016 Jossey-Bass Teacher Ambassador program! Applications are due January 11th. To learn more about the program, shoot us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com! Learn more about the program here.
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Mobile Learning: A Handbook for Developers, Educators, and LearnersWith new technologies come new challenges. This handbook presents a comprehensive look at mobile learning by synthesizing relevant theories and drawing practical conclusions for developers, educators, and students.
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Tag Archives: Prep
Have A Prep?
September 18, 2013 by amy.reed
Whether you are a recent graduate or a 25-year veteran, you will benefit from very disciplined planning of your preparation periods—almost like you plan a lesson. So, whether you get 20 minutes or 90 minutes per day, here are some tips on how to use that time as efficiently as possible. Read more.
Posted in Educational Leadership, Our Authors, Teaching & Learning | Tagged classroom resource, Maia Heyck-Merlin, organiation, Prep, Prep Time, teaching, The Together Teacher | Leave a comment


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Major Responsibilities:
-Responsible for finding new channels and end users.
-Find & develop new clients & channel partners as well as manage end user account coverage and growth of the territory/country/region generating bookings.
-Build business by recruiting new clients & channel partners.
-Cold calling.
-Develop new business through engagement of optimal resellers.
-Support partners by conducting training, seminars, education and presentations
Desired Background & Experience:
- 7-10 years Territory Sales experience.
-Background in selling security and network/Internet Protocol network-related applications.
-Position requires day to day and overnight travel.
-A proven track record of success is critical.
-Heavy cold calling and prospecting background required.
-Must be a self-starter, hunter, and a strong closer.
|New York, NY
United States
|Web Site:
|486 Totten Pond Road
Waltham, MA 02451
United States
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text:
The American Dream
Photo: Han Nguyen
My journey to America started two generations before I was born. At the turn of the last century, my grandfather fought hard to defeat French colonists only to see his ancestral homeland in the Northern Vietnam replaced by Communism. He yearned for freedom and dreamed of a better life for his family, so he packed everything up, put my infant father onto an ox-wagon and walked southward.
Fast forward. It was my now adult father fighting for freedom alongside the Americans. Post-war, he was sent to a 're-education' camp, leaving my mother and my siblings homeless, dividing our family. Our family was reunited 10 years later.
In America, my family began rebuilding life in a East Oakland housing project. Despite many challenges, my parents held on strongly to their unshakable faith in America—a land of opportunity where hard work pays off. My siblings and I worked hard to get ahead—we went to public schools and focused on studying hard. I knew that a good education was the only way out of poverty. Because of the many opportunities available to me through public education, and because I was willing to work hard, today, I am a graduate of Georgetown University and work with some of the best companies in my industry.
I am here because someone before me overcame hardship at the immigration counters, erased hatred at the drinking fountains, and shattered the glass ceiling and swung open the doors of opportunity. The American Dream is intrinsically woven into our national fabric; it's our special and shared responsibility that we all carry forward together as a civilized and free society.
Like countless immigrants who came to these shores, we all hold onto a simple notion: America is a land of opportunity, where hard work and personal responsibility is rewarded. But the American Dream must be continuously nourished, invested in, and safeguarded for the next generation. Education must be affordable so we can train the workforce of the future; the decision to be healthy should never force a family into bankruptcy; and comprehensive immigration reform is a necessity to keep families together and make our communities stronger—these form the foundation of an America built to last.
I support President Obama's efforts to help those who are willing to work hard to achieve success, and I will stand by him to move our country forward. Come this September in Charlotte, as a National Delegate representing Virginia, I will be voting for President Obama to stand up for our core American values, to defend and reinvigorate the American Dream for all. This is my American story.


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Hurdle gives Marte night off from lineup for full rest
ST. LOUIS -- The last time Clint Hurdle wanted to give Starling Marte a game off, the Pirates manager ran into a problem. Rather, Jose Tabata ran into a wall, and Hurdle sent Marte out on the Great American Ball Park field to replace him, playing the rest of that April 16 game.
"So I don't think he got anything out of it," Hurdle said of Marte's interrupted respite. "And that was disappointing for me, because I did have another option [to replace Tabata in that game]. I could've run another guy out there. I should've stayed with the plan."
As it was, while finishing off that game, Marte had two at-bats and struck out once -- the problem that had prescribed the rest in the first place.
After that, the Bucs' erratic leadoff batter went 9-for-38 on the just-concluded eight-game homestand, drawing two walks and fanning 11 times.
Time for another time-out, reasoned Hurdle, who had at least two other good reasons for sticking Tabata into the leadoff spot and into left field on Friday night: Tabata went 3-for-5 last season against Friday's starter (Shelby Miller) and the Cardinals are due to give the ball on Saturday to a left-hander (Tyler Lyons).
Southpaws tend to be good for the confidence of Marte. He raked them at a .402 clip last season.
Tom Singer is a reporter for MLB.com and writes an MLBlog Change for a Nickel. He can also be found on Twitter @Tom_Singer. Teddy Cahill is a reporter for MLB.com. Follow him on Twitter at @tedcahill. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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CERRITOS - After three years of providing therapy for area patients, a horse named Cheyenne had to be put down Monday when it was found to have its own serious illness.
Cheyenne, an 11-year-old mare used by the Ride Your Horse! therapeutic riding program, was diagnosed with a degenerative ligament condition that affects a horse's ability to stand.
"We started noticing around the Fourth of July that she didn't seem like herself," said Darlene Harman, Ride Your Horse! founder and instructor. "She was in a lot of pain."
Harman said Cheyenne was with Ride Your Horse! for three years, and that she was a well-loved, sweet horse.
"This is definitely a time of mourning for our clients and riders," she said.
Ride Your Horse! operates with nine other horses at B&B Stables in Cerritos.
The nonprofit program was founded in 2004 and has partnered with Rancho Los Amigos in Downey, Miller Children's Hospital Long Beach and the VA Long Beach Healthcare System. It serves patients, from children to seniors, with a range of illnesses and disabilities.
Through the program, patients learn how to ride and properly care for horses, teaching them trust, loyalty, communication and self-esteem, and it helps patients regain balance and improve motor skills, according to Miller Children's officials.
The death of Cheyenne forced Miller Children's to cancel a therapeutic riding event that had been planned Tuesday. The activity was designed for pediatric rehabilitation patients with special needs, such as those with spina bifida, brain injuries, neuromuscular disorders and other conditions.
Harman said they don't plan on replacing Cheyenne anytime soon. She said it is hard to accept horses into the program because they have many requirements that each horse must pass within a 90-day trial period to be accepted to the program.
"We take our time looking for our horses to come in," Harman said. "We have to make sure it's a right fit."
For more information about Ride Your Horse! go to www.rideyourhorse.com.