text:
Getting Connected: Why and How
Save Time, Increase Profits and Productivity With HART
More than 30 million HART-enabled devices have been installed in process plants around the world. In fact, according to a recent market study released by ARC Advisory Group, there were 32 million installed HART devices, growing to 35 million in 2011, and the report projects growth to continue to 37.3 million devices in 2012. Many, if not most, of the instrumentation and final control element vendors in the world provide HART connectivity with their field devices. The HART protocol has become the standard for fieldbus communication in the world.
More and more, companies are seeing the benefit of doing more than being temporarily connected to the instrument or valve with HART communicator or PC communicator software for commissioning or calibration. They have seen that using HART to its fullest capabilities is an area of optimization, lowered cost and increased profitability.
Why Get Connected?
For the past 15 years, manufacturing theorists such as ARC Advisory Group have been talking about the benefits of implementing real-time decision making from the plant to the executive suite. Especially in the "high-cost" manufacturing countries, such as the United States, Canada and all of Western Europe, keeping plants open means showing increasing ROI to corporate planners. There are really few ways to do this. The two increasingly useful approaches are both about increasing productivity. The first is asset management. The second is advanced process optimization.
"Collaborative process automation and a continuous improvement plan utilizing performance feedback and the benefits associated with automation are the keys to automation's contribution to increasing manufacturing productivity, not the latest and the greatest technology," an ARC study reports.
Performance feedback is the key. Most plants have HART-enabled field instruments and final control elements. Simply connecting those instruments digitally to the control and computerized maintenance management systems (CMMS) provides much of the feedback that the ARC report is talking about.
Downtime is a key culprit. An ARC study done in 2007 reports that downtime still represents a significant percent of production lost. In oil refining, for example, downtime can be from 1% to 8%. In petrochemicals as a whole, downtime ranges from 2% to 5%, and in the food and pharmaceutical industries, downtime ranges from 1% to 10%.
It is easy to tie ROI into reducing downtime. So how do you reduce downtime? The answer has been clear for years: better and more predictive maintenance systems. But no maintenance system is any better than the sensors that feed information to it. If you are collecting information from those sensors about their sensor health and the processes they are monitoring by hand, the maintenance system is always behind. The quality of that hand-collected data taken off operator and technician clipboards is usually poor to unreadable, and says things like "didn't work—fixed it." State-of-the-art asset management systems need real-time data—real-time sensor readings and real-time diagnostics.
Evonik Degussa Specialty Chemicals Company in Shanghai, P. R. China, decided that HART technology would be used to connect field instruments to the distributed control system (DCS) as well as to the asset management and safety systems. There are more than 2000 HART-enabled instruments connected to the central control system, while the remote HART connection simultaneously feeds data to the integrated asset management and safety instrumented systems.
"As a direct result of this implementation," says Luc Sterck, Project Manager Instrumentation for Evonik, "we cut loop check time and costs by 25 percent, and daily troubleshooting of instruments are now mainly done from the safety and convenience of the control room."
The plant's predictive maintenance program is expected to reduce the total number of hours spent by maintenance teams. "We strongly believe," Sterck says, "that our plant's commitment to implement predictive device diagnostics on all HART instruments will bring comprehensive and pertinent operating information to key personnel and therefore assure better plant availability by predicting unexpected failures and avoiding associated downtimes."
The logic solvers of Evonik Degussa's plant use HART technology to connect with the sensors for loop check and safety instrumented function (SIF) interlock validation. Some of the logic solvers are used in complex online flammability calculations (SIL3).
Interoperability Gets YOU Connected!
You don't need to radically revise your plant's instrumentation schemes. Operators and maintenance techs already have all the data they need—right in their HART devices. Each HART device is designed to be interoperable—it starts in the HART specification, using EDD in every device, and then it is tested and registered by the HART Communication Foundation.
Since 2007, there has been a new way to get connected with HART. In 2010, the IEC approved IEC62591-WirelessHART, the first international open standard for wireless field devices. As data gathering needs expand, both for asset management and plant optimization, new devices and new functions can be added to the control system without the major expense and downtime of pulling new wires. And WirelessHART is designed to be backward-compatible and interoperable with wired HART devices.
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Sheriff Of Nawton, who got off the mark at Catterick last week, can complete a quick double at Redcar today.
Trained at Nawton near Helmsley by David O'Meara, the three-year-old got on top late on last week, but scored with a little bit to spare over seven furlongs.
The shift up to a mile is likely to suit Sheriff Of Nawton even better and he is strongly fancied to defy a 6lb penalty in the Download New Racing UK IPad Handicap. Danny Tudhope has the mount.
Innocent Touch can go well in the racinguk.com/anywhere: 3 Devices I Price Handicap.
Richard Fahey's three-year-old, who is closely related to high-class stablemate Gabrial, a winner in Dubai this winter, performed well at Beverley on his reappearance when finishing fourth in handicap company.
He is entitled to step up on that display with an outing under his belt and is expected to go well under Tony Hamilton.
Brian Ellison is another North Yorkshire trainer with winning claims on the seaside card.
The Norton handler saddles Dream Walker in the Redcar Racecourse Conference & Wedding Venue Handicap. Dale Swift's mount will relish the expected soft ground and is fancied to step-up on his recent second-placed effort at Chepstow where he went down by less than a length.
The nap vote is awarded to Zaawla in the Celebrate 10 Years With Racing UK Maiden Fillies Stakes.
Trained at Newmarket by Ed Dunlop, Dane O'Neill's mount made a satisfactory debut at Newbury last month when finishing sixth in a hot maiden won by Evita Peron. This looks a less demanding contest and Zaawla should be able to dominate.
Stillington trainer Ruth Carr has her horses in tremendous form and her veteran campaigner Beckermet should not be overlooked in the claiming stakes.
The 12-year-old has run in no fewer than 154 races and has won 14 times. Furthermore, he knows what it's like to win at Redcar and in this level of company. James Sullivan has the mount.
At LIngfield, Middleham trainer Mark Johnston can win the KC Facilities Handicap with Sir Guy Porteous, the mount of Joe Fanning.
The lightly-raced three-year-old took a step forward last time out at Musselburgh when finishing second to the in-form Desert Colours, beaten only half a length. He now has to prove himself back on an all-weather surface, but there is no reason why he should not go well off bottom weight.
William Stone has a couple of leading chances at the Surrey course.
He is fancied to win the opening claimer with Touch The Clouds, a previous course winner, who should be all the better for a recent Nottingham outing.
Stone can also win the H & V Serviceplan Fillies' Handicap with Aeolian Blue, the mount of Shane Kelly.
The four-year-old proved herself in good heart at Kempton three weeks ago when breaking her maiden. She has only had four outings and is open to further improvement. A rise of 6lb may not be enough to halt her progress.
Redcar today
1.55 Hell For Leather, 2.25 Hemi Bossena, 2.55 Zaawla (NAP), 3.25 Dream Walker, 3.55 Innocent Touch, 4.30 Beckermet, 5.05 Sheriff Of Nawton.
Lingfield today
1.35 Touch The Clouds, 2.05 Halation, 2.35 Novel Dancer, 3.05 Aolian Blue, 3.35 Sir Guy Porteous, 4.05 Loch Ma Naire, 4.35 Aint Got A Scooby.
Today's other meetings
Ffos Las, Sedgefield and Towcester.
Tomorrow's meetings
Bangor, Chepstow, Fontwell, Lingfield and Musselburgh.

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
A feeble rally in Darden Restaurants (DRI) has fizzled, leaving the stock languishing 22% below its level of five months ago.
Darden's effort to spiff up its menus by offering lighter fare and some lower-priced entrees hasn't panned out so far. And yet, I like the shares of this limping food chain.
Based in Orlando, Fla., Darden operates three main restaurant chains: Olive Garden (Italian), Red Lobster (seafood) and LongHorn Steakhouse.
In the second fiscal quarter, ended Nov. 30, same-store sales were down 3.2% at Olive Garden, down 2.7% at Red Lobster and down 0.8% at LongHorn Steakhouse. That is hardly the stuff of which turnarounds are made.
Earnings for the quarter were only $0.26 a share, down from $0.40 a year earlier and $0.53 a year before that. Of 33 analysts who follow the stock, only 10 rate it a Buy. Twenty call it a Hold, and three utter the dreaded word "Sell."
What's more, the balance sheet isn't pretty. Debt totals 115% of stockholders' equity. I very rarely buy stock of any company that has debt greater than equity.
With all these drawbacks, why do I like the shares? Here are a few reasons.
The three main brands have excellent name recognition. If management keeps experimenting, I believe it will find a way to increase traffic and improve same-store sales. Each of the three chains has a band of loyal customers.
One prominent insider has bought the shares lately. William M. Lewis Jr., a director, bought 11,000 shares on the open market in January, spending about $494,000. Lewis is co-chairman of investment banking at Lazard Ltd. in Bermuda, and he is a former managing director at Morgan Stanley.
Darden's valuation is also appealing. The stock trades at about 14x earnings and 0.7x revenue.
Just yesterday, Darden announced plans to push into Latin America by opening more than 50 restaurants, many of them in Brazil, one of the region's most dynamic economies.
Finally, the dividend is pleasant. The yield currently is 4.5%, and the dividend seems reasonably secure to me. Earnings the past 12 months were about twice the dividend. Since 2005 Darden has increased its dividend six times, and the five-year dividend growth rate is close to 22%.


text:
But before you run off to lease more bandwidth or purchase additional rack-mount servers, consider delegating some of the busy work your servers currently contend with to Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) and the Amazon CloudFront content-delivery network. In particular, Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront can unburden your servers from the chore of serving static content. Delivering assets from a specialized network reserves compute power for computation.
Moreover, you can serve that content more quickly. Typically, the more distant the server (as measured by network topology), the greater the latency, or the time required to establish a connection to a server. Amazon CloudFront both reduces latency and hastens each download. Amazon CloudFront edge locations are located worldwide and are likely more proximal to your visitor than your own server farm. Further, Amazon CloudFront has been architected and optimized to deliver content such as images and stylesheets.
As you'll see, integrating your application with Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront is a snap. With a bit of work, you can do more with the hardware and software you already have deployed.
Amazon-ian Compute Power
Figures 1 and 2 depict the difference between an entirely self-hosted application and one that delegates asset trafficking to the Amazon CloudFront content-delivery network.
Figure 1. A centralized, stand-alone server farm must process all incoming requests. The capacity of the servers is diluted by busy work.
In the alternate solution shown in Figure 2, combining example.com's existing infrastructure with Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront, requests for dynamic content (shown as dash-dotted lines) are fulfilled by the Austin server. However, requests for static content (the dashed lines) are sent instead to the closest Amazon CloudFront edge location (each edge location is depicted as a star). If the edge location does not yet have the requested asset, it pulls a copy from Amazon S3, caches the asset locally, and ultimately fulfills the request. From then on and until the asset is expired from the edge location's cache, all subsequent requests for the asset can be served proximately and expeditiously.
Figure 2. Amazon CloudFront, a content-delivery network, delegates delivery of static content to a specialized, distributed, and proximate network of servers. (The maps shown here are illustrative only and do not necessarily represent the topology of Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront.)
Thus, assets that are oft-requested tend to remain in the edge location cache, translating to lower latency and improved download times for those nearby.
The division of labor between the example.com server and the access points is transparent to the web surfer. Rather than point the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) to an image, say, on example.com, the application server points the URL to the Amazon CloudFront network. The browser rolls merrily along unperturbed.
There is one wrinkle in this scheme: An edge location can serve stale data. If the edge location has an asset in its cache, it need not return to the Amazon S3 bucket to fetch the asset again. Hence, if you change the asset on Amazon S3crop a photo, for instancewhat is available in the remote cache differs from the canonical source. You can mitigate this issue by setting short expiries on Amazon CloudFront, but this defeats the purpose and real advantages of a long-lived cache.
The best solution is to uniquely name each and every version of each asset and modify your application to request a specific version. For example, instead of generating
, the application might generate
, where logo_200903222305.png is the latest version and
200903222305 reflects the last-modified time of the file, or March 22, 2009, at 11:05 p.m. You can concoct any number of unique naming schemes, but choose one and retrofit your code and build system to suit.
The next section presents a complete example. If you want a fresh computer to develop and test this example, launch an instance on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2). Several images suffice, including the Rails on Ubuntu Intrepid image, AMI ID ami-e1937488. The example is constructed with Ruby on Rails, but you can construct the equivalent in other popular programming languages and other platforms.
Getting Started with Rails
Let's create a small Ruby on Rails application and integrate it with Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront to serve static content from the network of edge locations. The application is a simple photo manager. You can upload and caption images; when uploaded, Amazon S3 and Amazon CloudFront serve all the images.
To follow along, you need Ruby version 1.8.6, Ruby on Rails version 2.2 or later, the SQLite database engine, the ImageMagick image processing library, and an account on Amazon CloudFront (which includes a companion account on Amazon S3.)
If you're using the recommended Amazon EC2 instance, all the required software is already installed. If your computer does not have Ruby, Rails, SQLite, or ImageMagick, packages are widely available in binary form for many platforms. If you use Linux, all the software is likely available via your package manager, such as Aptitude.
You will also need two additional Ruby gems: the RightScale Amazon Web Services gem and Paperclip. The former provides a robust, fast, and secure interface to Amazons Web Services (AWS); the latter processes file uploads and associates each attachment with a Rails model. Paperclip can also store attachments directly on Amazon S3, which makes it ideal for this demonstration.
After you install Ruby, Ruby on Rails, SQLite, and ImageMagick, install the two gems:
$ sudo gem install right_aws paperclip Successfully installed right_aws-1.10.0 Successfully installed paperclip-2.1.2 2 gems installed Installing ri documentation for right_aws-1.10.0... Installing ri documentation for paperclip-2.1.2... Installing RDoc documentation for right_aws-1.10.0... Installing RDoc documentation for paperclip-2.1.2...
Now, let's start writing the application. Use
rails to generate the initial code. Call the application gallery.
$ rails gallery create create app/controllers create app/helpers create app/models ... create log/development.log create log/test.log
Next, create a Rails model named
Picture with one string field, a caption:
$ cd gallery $ ruby script/generate scaffold picture caption:string ... create test/fixtures/pictures.yml create db/migrate create db/migrate/20090322120824_create_pictures.rb
To continue, edit the
Picture model to include the features of Paperclip. The file
app/models/picture.rb should look like this when you're finished:
require 'paperclip' class Picture < ActiveRecord::Base ACCESS_KEY_ID = 'YOUR_ACCESS_KEY_ID' SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = 'YOUR_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY' BUCKET = 'cloudfront-demo' has_attached_file :photo, :storage => 's3', :bucket => BUCKET, :path => "uploads/:attachment/:id/:styles.:extension", :styles => { :medium => "300x300>", :thumb => "100x100>" }, :s3_credentials => { :access_key_id => ACCESS_KEY_ID, :secret_access_key => SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }, :s3_permissions => 'public-read' end
Paperclip provides
has_attached_file, which performs all the heavy lifting required to save an uploaded file and associate it with a record. The configuration for
Picture also creates two thumbnail styles:
thumb and
medium (one small and one large, respectively). The rest of the options configure access to Amazon S3:
:storage => s3saves attachments to Amazon S3. If you omit this element, Paperclip saves attachments to the local file system within the application's
:bucket => BUCKETselects a bucket. You should edit the constant
BUCKETand replace
cloudfront-demowith the name of one of your own buckets.
:pathdescribes how each file should be stored within a bucket. In addition to literals, you can use placeholders that are filled when each attachment is actually saved. The
:attachmentelement is replaced with the name of your model;
:idstands in for the ID of the model instance;
:stylesis replaced with the name of the image style (here, one of
originalsfor the full-sized attachment, and either
mediumsfor the thumbnail images); and
:extensionis the attachment's file extension.
:s3_credentialsgrants access to your bucket. You must replace the placeholder credentials,
YOUR_SECRET_ACCESS_KEYwith your own access key ID and secret access key. (You can generate this pair of keys from the AWS site.)
- As the owner of the bucket, Paperclip grants you full access implicitly. The
public-read, grants open access to the bucket to everyone else.
Figure 3 shows what an Amazon S3 bucket looks like after three additions to the picture catalog. (The application shown is the Firefox S3 Organizer plug-in, which can navigate and manage Amazon S3 files, access control lists [ACLs], and more. You use it later in this article to configure Amazon CloudFront, as well.) Look at the path shown in the text field. Seem familiar? The path components of
/cloudfront-demo/uploads/photos/4/ are the bucket name, the literal "uploads," the name of the associated model, and the ID of the model instance, respectively.
Figure 3. Paperclip can save attachments in your Amazon S3 bucket.
The next step is to add a Rails migration to modify the
Picture model and add new columns to keep track of the attachments's file name, size, content type, and date saved. Create the migration with
ruby script/generate.
$ ruby script/generate migration AddPhotoColumnsToPicture exists db/migrate create db/migrate/20090322122945_add_photo_columns_to_picture.rb
Open the new migration, and edit it to match the code below:
class AddPhotoColumnsToPicture < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up add_column :pictures, :photo_file_name, :string add_column :pictures, :photo_content_type, :string add_column :pictures, :photo_file_size, :integer add_column :pictures, :photo_updated_at, :datetime end def self.down remove_column :pictures, :photo_file_name remove_column :pictures, :photo_content_type remove_column :pictures, :photo_file_size remove_column :pictures, :photo_updated_at end end
You can now initialize the database with
rake db:migrate.
$ rake db:migrate == CreatePictures: migrating ================================================= -- create_table(:pictures) -> 0.0023s == CreatePictures: migrated (0.0027s) ======================================== == AddPhotoColumnsToPicture: migrating ======================================= -- add_column(:pictures, :photo_file_name, :string) -> 0.0102s -- add_column(:pictures, :photo_content_type, :string) -> 0.0041s -- add_column(:pictures, :photo_file_size, :integer) -> 0.0041s -- add_column(:pictures, :photo_updated_at, :datetime) -> 0.0046s == AddPhotoColumnsToPicture: migrated (0.0243s) ==============================
The last step in writing the application is to create the views to create, edit, view, and delete pictures. The controllers are satisfactory unchanged. The listings below are index.html.erb, show.html.erb, new.html.erb, and edit.html.erb, respectively.
<%# index.html.erb -%>
Listing pictures

 Thumbnail	 Caption
 <% for picture in @pictures %>
  <%= image_tag picture.cloudfront_url(:thumb) %> 	 <%=h picture.caption %>	 <%= link_to 'Show', picture %>	 <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_picture_path(picture) %>	 <%= link_to 'Destroy', picture, :confirm => 'Are you sure?', :method => :delete %>
 <% end %>

 <%= link_to 'New picture', new_picture_path %>
<%# show.html.erb -%>
 Image: <%= image_tag @picture.photo.url %>
 Caption: <%=h @picture.caption %>
 <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_picture_path(@picture) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', pictures_path %>

<%# new.html.erb %>
New picture
 <% form_for(@picture, :html => { :multipart => true }) do |f| %> <%= f.error_messages %>
 <%= f.label :photo %>
 <%= f.file_field :photo %>

 <%= f.label :caption %>
 <%= f.text_field :caption %>

 <%= f.submit "Update" %>
 <% end %> <%= link_to 'Back', pictures_path %>
<%# new.html.erb -%>
New picture
 <% form_for(@picture, :html => { :multipart => true }) do |f| %> <%= f.error_messages %>
 <%= f.label :photo %>
 <%= f.file_field :photo %>

 <%= f.label :caption %>
 <%= f.text_field :caption %>

 <%= f.submit "Update" %>
 <% end %> <%= link_to 'Back', pictures_path %>
Now, run the application. Type
./script/server and point your browser to
http://localhost:3000. Walk through the interface, and upload a handful of files. Eventually, your index page should resemble Figure 4.
Figure 4. A snapshot of the image manager application.
If you examine your Amazon S3 bucket, it should resemble Figure 3. And if you view the HTML source of the application's index page, the URL for each image resembles
https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudfront-demo/uploads/photos/1/thumbs.png. With very little work, you've already separated the work of the application from the busy work of serving assets. The next step is to serve the assets even more quickly by referencing an edge location in closer proximity to your user.
Tying Rails to Amazon CloudFront
To disburse content from Amazon CloudFront, you create a distribution. A distribution connects an Amazon S3 bucket to a special domain name such as
http://d138nkhrob277s.cloudfront.net. To serve content from the distribution, simply replace the domain name and name of the bucket with the domain name of the distribution.
For example, if you serve an image from your Amazon S3 bucket via
https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudfront-demo/uploads/photos/1/thumbs.png, you can serve the very same image via Amazon CloudFront by changing the URL to
http://d138nkhrob277s.cloudfront.net/uploads/photos/1/thumbs.png. It's that easy!
Amazon offers a number of ways to create and manage distributions. The most convenient option is the Firefox S3 Organizer plug-in. Figure 5 shows the Firefox S3 Organizer plug-in and a pair of buckets created for this example. To create a distribution, right-click a bucket from the list, then click Manage Distributions.
Now that the distribution is ready, you can change the Rails code to use Amazon CloudFront. The changes are simple: In
Picture, wrap the existing Paperclip
url() method and replace the leading portion of the URL with the Amazon CloudFront URL, then update the views to use the new method.
cloudfront_url() method is the wrapper method.
DISTRIBUTION = 'http://d138nkhrob277s.cloudfront.net' def cloudfront_url( variant = nil ) self.photo.url(variant).gsub( "#{S3}/#{BUCKET}", DISTRIBUTION ) end
And here is the one line to index.html.erb to use Amazon CloudFront. You can make similar changes to the other view templates, too.
<%= image_tag picture.cloudfront_url(:thumb) %>
Managing Versions of Files
The last task is to ensure that Amazon CloudFront doesn't serve stale static assets, such as data files and images.
To reiterate, Amazon CloudFront caches your assets in edge locations to accelerate delivery to nearby visitors. Assets do expire from the cache, but the expiry of a particular asset may be days or even weeks in the future, if your application has so deemed. (An expiry can be set by your application via a
Cache-Control header in a response.) In the event you want to replace the asset with a new version of the asset, you must do something to effectively obsolete the older incarnation.
An easy approach is to simply assign the new version of the asset a new name. For example, if you change your company logoan asset that typically changes very rarely and hence can be cached for long periodsyou can update all uses of logo.png to logo_version2.png. Essentially, the older file is now obsolete and will be purged from each edge location cache in due course. However, as soon as the application references logo_version2.png, the edge locations will rush to the origin to cache the new file.
While the notion is simplejust create a new file for each new version the mechanics of implementing the scheme are a bit more complicated. If you use a version control system to manage your assets, for instance, you probably want the file name intact from revision to revision to be able to keep its history intact, too. And, given how many assets an application typically has, you don't want to search and replace asset references in every source code file every time you make a change.
What to do? Automate, of course, using rake.
To prepare, march through your code and replace all explicit references to an asset with a constant. For example, if you refer to use logo.png, replace it with
LOGO_PNG. Next, move all the assets in
public to a new directory,
app/assets. Ideally,
app/assets, like the rest of your Rails application, is maintained by a version-control system such as Subversion or Git.
Next, create a rake task to amend the assets' file names with the last modified time of the file (or, if you prefer, the MD5 hash of the contents of the file). This makes each file name unique, because timestamps per file are also unique. Finally, map the latest revision of the file to its constant and emit a list of constants to include in the application.
Here is the new rake task, which should be installed in
lib/tasks/constants.rake in your Rails application.
require 'fileutils' TIMESTAMP = "%m%d%Y%H%M%S" def move( file_name ) directory = File.dirname( file_name ) basename = File.basename( file_name ) extension = File.extname( basename ) rootname = File.basename( file_name, extension ) time_code = File.stat( file_name ).mtime.strftime( TIMESTAMP ) new_name = File.join( directory, "#{rootname}_#{time_code}#{extension}" ) FileUtils.mv( file_name, new_name ) [ basename, new_name ] end def list( file_name, excluded = [] ) ( modified = Array.new ) << if File.directory?( file_name ) Dir.open( "#{ file_name }" ).map do | file | next if file.match(/^\.+/) next if excluded.include?( File.extname( file ).downcase ) list( "#{ file_name }/#{ file }", excluded ) end else file_name end end namespace :constants do source = File.join( RAILS_ROOT, 'app', 'assets' ) destination = File.join( RAILS_ROOT, 'public' ) target = File.join( RAILS_ROOT, 'config', 'initializers', 'constants.rb' ) excluded = %w( cgi html rb fcgi ico txt ).map { |ext| ".#{ext}".downcase } desc "Generate a list of constants, one for each static asset" task :generate do FileUtils.rm_f ( target ) FileUtils.cp_r( source, destination ) target_file = File.new( target, 'w' ) list( destination, excluded ).flatten.compact.map { |file| move( file ) }.each { | c | constant = c.first.to_s.gsub( '.', '_' ).upcase value = c.last.gsub( "#{RAILS_ROOT}/public", '' ) target_file.puts "#{constant} = '#{value}'" } end desc "Delete your public folder and the constants file" task :clean do FileUtils.rm_f ( target ) FileUtils.rm_r( destination, { :force => true } ) end end
There are two new tasks:
constants:clean and
constants:generate. The former task removes your
public directory and the file config/initializers/constants.rb. Both are regenerated by the other new task,
Let's try it. Open the index.html.erb template and add the Rails logo to the head of the page with the line:
<%= image_tag RAILS_PNG %>
Next, copy the contents of the
public folder into
app/assets, run the two new rake tasks, and start the server.
$ mkdir app/assets $ cp -pr public/* app/assets $ rake constants:clean constants:generate $ ./script/server
If you look at the HTML source of your index page, you should see
. That's good.
The last step is to move the image to your Amazon S3 bucket and point the
 tag to point to the Amazon CloudFront domain.
Use the Firefox S3 Organizer to create a folder named
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To point your image tag URLs to Amazon CloudFront, set the Rails
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ActionController::Base.asset_host = 'http://d138nkhrob277s.cloudfront.net'
Stop and restart the server, and revisit your index page. The URL for the Rails logo should now point to your Amazon CloudFront distribution.
Amazon CloudFront: A Silver Lining
With only a modicum of coding and some work to establish an initial Amazon CloudFront presence, the sample Rails application now delegates a good amount of overhead to Amazon CloudFront's edge locations. The cost? Negligible. The potential reward? Considerable.


text:
Hi all,
I have an application where I need to fetch multiple records, I'm using a PXIe-5185, and basically the problem is that it takes too much time to fetch multiple records, I did a test to measure the time it takes to read the hole 32MB of data and this are the results.
Records to Fetch = 8192 (the maximum 1 Record = 4KB, 8192 Records = 32MB)
Time to Fetch = 1100 ms
Records to Fetch = 1
Samples to Fetch = (2^25 - 1500) = 32MB
Time to Fetch = 70 ms
So, I want to know why it takes more time to fetch the multiplerecords if both are reading the same amount of data? Is there something I can do to decrease the fetching time?
Solved! Go to Solution.
Hi Rodrigo,
No matter the device (HSDIO, RF, or Digitizer), fetching multiple records will always take longer because there is more communication overhead. With more communication overhead, the longer the host takes with specifying records, and thus the longer it takes to fetch the multiple records. On the flip-side, fetching only one record only has to deal with the communication overhead once, hence the shorter fetch time.
Travis Ann
Thanks travis,
Theres is no way to acces the memory directly, like raw data, and then I can separate it into different records?
04-13-2012 05:14 PM - edited 04-13-2012 05:21 PM
Hi Rodrigo,
Theres is no way to acces the memory directly, like raw data, and then I can separate it into different records?
I'm not entirely sure what you mean by that.
The only differentiation the NI-SCOPE Fetch function has is "unscaled data" and "scaled data". You may mean "unscaled data" when you say "raw data". To change this, you'll need to specify to fetch I8 data instead of Cluster or Double data. All scaling is done in software, so fetching unscaled data may improve your fetch time, but then you will need to apply scaling
The communication overhead can include processes necessary for providing timestamps with your data, and then there is inherent bus communication with the digitizer depending on how you are fetching (if you are fetching one record at a time, ten records at a time, etc. The more records you fetch at once, the less overhead you should observe, and the more quickly the fetch will return.)
What is your sampling rate in both of these cases (single record and multi-record)?
Above 2GS/s, there is currently a limitiation that does not allow you to fetch while acquiring. In other words, the acquisition will need to complete fully before the Fetch function returns with data.
When you set your 5185 digitizer in the multi-record mode, at what rate are the records acquired? In other words, at what rate do your triggers arrive, on average?
If your whole acquisiton is taking about 1 second, and the Fetch function is taking about 1 second to return, then that probably confirms that you are hitting the above limitation.
The biggest question is: what design constraint do you have? Why is the longer fetching time an issue?
P.S. If you have NI support, you may want to consider calling into 866-ASK-MYNI or e-mailing from ni.com/support in order to fully examine the options.
Thanks again,
The idea is to continuosly sample 1000 samples at 6.25GS/s with a trigger frequency of 100Khz, when I did the tests I noticed what you said about the 2GS/s (where is that kind of info?), so know I'm sampling at 2GS/s with a trigger frequency of 4Khz to be able to continuosly Fetch.
To do the comparison, I waited until all the data was acquired so I only measured the time of the Fetch instruction.
What I mean about reading the memory, is to read the memory as if the data were only one record, so acquire the 8192 Records and then Fetch as if they were only one Record to be able to read faster and then I can manipulate the data and build the 8192 records.
Thanks again and I will try to contact our sale representative.
Hi Rodrigo,
I would definitely recommend contacting your sales contact or setting up a serivce request to get a complete answer for your application. It sounds like you may be working with a particular functionality of the device that is unique to the 5185/5186.
...when I did the tests I noticed what you said about the 2GS/s (where is that kind of info?)
This is not documented as a specification or a characteristic of the device, because it may or may not be permanent behavior. What is currently available in the NI-SCOPE driver and what is possible in the NI-SCOPE driver differ. This is something that we provide pre-sales and post-sales support for to help on an individual application basis.
I waited until all the data was acquired so I only measured the time of the Fetch instruction.
When the "Actual sample rate" is 2GS/s and above, this Fetch instruction will wait on completion of the acquisition before returning. So the time you measure for this instruction will be some fraction of the time to complete the entire acquisition + the time to complete the data transfer from digitizer to host (i.e. the "Fetch" time). In other words, above 2GS/s with this device, if the acquisition has not completed, you will always be measuring additional time while you wait for the acquisition to complete.
What I mean about reading the memory, is to read the memory as if the data were only one record,
Without seeing your code, I'm not certain how you're setting this up--but you have the capability of fetching multiple records at one time (with one Fetch call). This is set by the "Fetch Number of Records" attribute/property which can be called prior to initiating your acquisition, or during the acquisition. See this example to help clarify:
niScope Multi Record Stream to Memory
(In this example, look for the "Number of Records Per Fetch" control in the lower-left part of the front panel.)
If you are only using one channel, increasing the number of records per Fetch will add a dimension to the data type you are currently working with. So if you were reading back a type of "Cluster" or "waveform" you will now be reading back a "1D Cluster" or "1D waveform". If you were reading back "1D I8" you will now be reading back "2D I8".
Hope this helps. Again I would encourage you to call in and create a service request for further support on this use case.
Here is my code, I think I am doing what you say and I think that for my test it doesn't matter the frecquencies, what I don't undestand is why if in both cases I am reading 32MB, I got two complete different reading times.
Maybe I am not explaining my self, I hope that my code help you understand me.
The two settings were:
Number of Records: 1
Number of Samples: 33,552,932
Time to Read: 74ms
Number of Records: 8192
Number of Samples: 1000
Time to Read: 1184ms
Hi Rodrigo,
It looks like you are fetching multiple records at once--which is good.
I believe your trigger rate is throttling your fetch time. If you are triggering at 4kHz and you are acquiring 8192 records, that means it will take roughly 2 seconds for your acquisition alone to complete:
Acquisition Time [s] ~= # Records [Rec] / Trigger Rate [Rec/s]
= (8192 records) / (4,000 triggers/s) = 2.048 seconds
You won't see this entire 2.048 seconds reflected in the Fetch time, because the Acquisition will have already started by the time your program gets to the Fetch function. However, because these higher rates (>2.0GS/s) inhibt you from fetching while acquiring on this 5185/5186 device, you will need to wait until the acquisition ends before the data transfer from digitizer to host begins. In other words:
Time for Fetch Function to Complete (>2GS/s on 5185/5186) [s] = (some fraction of) Acquisition time + Fetch Time [s].
The Fetch Time is going to be a function of the data transfer rate of the PXIe bus + any additional software calculation time to apply scaling on the data, etc.
Now, compare all this info with your single-record acquisition, which does not rely on your (relatively slow) 4kHz trigger rate:
Acquisition Time [s] = Record Length [Sa] / Sampling Rate [Sa/s]
= 33,552,932 Samples / 12.5GS/s = 2.68 milliseconds
Since the Time for Fetch Function to Complete is still going to be the same, you can see how the Fetch Time term will dominate this use case (as opposed to the multi-record case, where the Acquisition Time term dominated).
So here's what you can try:
1. Speed up your trigger rate in the Multi-Record case (keep in mind that according to the rearm time in the 5185 specifications, there will be a practical limitation you hit at about 100kHz)
2. Put in a delay between when you Initiate your acquisition and when you call your Fetch function. If you do this in both the single record and multi-record cases, you should be essentially removing the "(some fraction of) Acquisition Time" factor from your Time for Fetch Function to Complete equation.
Again, I would recommend contacting NI Support for further options if you need them.
(P.S. - a slightly better approximation for the acquisition time (s) will be longer than what I gave above. This is because above I'm not including the time needed to acquire pre trigger samples on the first record and post trigger samples on the last record. So a slightly better equation would add in the total record length:
Acquisition Time (s) ~= #records [Rec] / trigger rate [Rec/s] + Record Length [s]
If you run these numbers, it doesn't change the total Acquisition Time by much. There are some other factors in this equation to be technically correct, but those factors should be rather insignificant here.)
Thanks Andrew,
Actually I think that the trigger rate should be out of the equation because in the while loop I'm waiting until the acquisition is complete, and then I just calculate the time of the fetch instruction alone, I have tried with 100Khz and the times are the same.
Hi Rodrigo,
Actually I think that the trigger rate should be out of the equation because in the while loop I'm waiting until the acquisition is complete,
You're absolutely correct, I apologize for that oversight.
I'm testing your code and seeing longer Fetch times (roughly 930ms) when only fetching from one channel. As soon as I specified two channels, the fetch time is an order of magnitude smaller (roughly 90ms). Changing the sample rate, fetch timeout, and record length don't appear to affect this order of magnitude disparity.
So to reiterate:
In the single record case, changing from one channel to two channels doubles the fetch time. That is what I expect.
In the multi record case, changing from one channel to two channels decreases the fetch time by an order of magnitude. I don't expect that.
Furthermore, when I test in the standard shipping example niScope EX Configured Acquisition I do not see this effect.
1) Can you confirm that, in the multi record case for your testing, you see the fetch time reduces when you specify two channels instead of one?
2) Can you confirm that you are not able to reproduce this in the Configured Acquisition example?
I filed a CAR 350194 to look into this behavior more with R&D, but unfortunately I can't promise a timeline for resolution. I would recommend at this point that if you modify Configured Acquisition when setting up your code instead of starting from scratch. You can call into support at NI at any time to check the status of that CAR.
To answer your original question of why one use-case is taking more time than another, this will take more time to investigate as per that CAR. We've already mentioned there is some overhead involved with multi-record fetching, but whether or not the shorter or longer times you are seeing are the correct times is something that R&D will have to answer.
Please let me know if you can confirm what I am seeing by testing.


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Has anyone seen anything passed down about Patrick Beverley's insane flop that he pulled during the Houston/Pacers game? Not only did he flop to get the call, but then he wallowed around for a while like Hill had cracked his skull. If that one wasn't deserving of a fine, I don't know what is. I was thoroughly embarrassed for the poor widdle scamp.
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Obituary: Carolyn Gail Henrikson
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Carolyn Gail Henrikson passed away at home suddenly on Monday, Feb. 25, 2013. She was 79.
She is survived by her children; Erik, Aleta, Kjell; and Gregg, her grandchildren; Kjell, Paul, Dustin, Ashley, Jeffrey, Brent, Carolyn, and Everett, and her great-grandchildren; Keelan, Hugo, and Annie.
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LEADING housebuilder Barratt West Midlands is inviting homebuyers to its Waters Edge development in Stourportwhere the doors to the new view home have now been opened.
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text: SC soars past No. 6 GE By Rick Ryan February 21, 2013 Story Share Kenny Kemp South Charleston's Hunter Moles (13) drives on Greenbrier East's Obi Romeo. SOUTH CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- The spotlight was shining squarely on the South Charleston Community Center Thursday night, and the host Black Eagles stole the show.In more ways than one.Junior A.D. Cunningham was whirr of activity, turning in 17 points, six rebounds and eight steals as South Charleston ran roughshod over Greenbrier East 67-41 in a matchup of Class AAA ranked teams and championship contenders.SC bounced back nicely from a 77-60 loss to Woodrow Wilson in Saturday's Mountain State Athletic Conference championship game.The visiting Spartans (19-3), tied for sixth in the state, were forced into a whopping 28 turnovers - 22 of those SC steals. Nine different Black Eagles had at least one swipe and 10 of SC's 29 baskets came immediately following thefts."To me, we just played hard,'' said SC coach Vic Herbert. "It was obvious they didn't want to be guarded like we were guarding them.''West Virginia University coach Bob Huggins was expected to be in attendance on Thursday, but did not make the trip. However, there was still a buzz of anticipation in the house and Marshall assistant coach Mark Cline was on hand to watch, most likely to see Spartans junior guard Rondale Watson, one of the state's top talents and a player of the year candidate. "They're loaded with individual talent,'' Herbert said, "as with as athletic as a few of their guys are - especially their two guards - that's pretty impressive to take the ball like we did. Our on-ball pressure was just tremendous. Giving up 41 points to those guys - we did a good job defensively.''After entering the game averaging 22.4 points, Watson was held to 11 on 3-of-9 shooting. He did turn in seven rebounds, five assists and a nasty tip-dunk following a teammate's missed shot. He was guarded straight up most of the night by SC senior Trevond Reese.Watson had a lot of company for East, which shot only 32.6 percent overall, including a 6 of 24 efforts on 3-pointers. "When you've got your leading scorer with 11 points, that's not much,'' said Greenbrier East coach Jim Justice. "It was just one of those things. We just don't see that kind of performance from us day in and day out, that's for sure."Cohesion-wise, probably the last three weeks, we just haven't had the glue, the cohesion together we needed. When you're not giving your big man touches, you're missing your 3-point shots, you're out there on the floor trying to make some kind of pass and can't get it to them - you get too many turnovers.''East hung around for a long time, trailing just 29-23 at halftime and was still within 35-32 midway into the third quarter. That's when SC went on a quick 10-0 run, including two more baskets following steals.That made it 45-32 and East was never again within 10 points. Devyn Harris added four thefts and Hunter Moles three for No. 3-ranked South Charleston (19-2)."When the wheels come off, they come off away from home,'' Justice said, "and you're playing a good team that's coming off a big loss to Woodrow Wilson. They got romped on and everything. They were ready to play and we just weren't.'' Moles also provided an offensive spark for SC with 12 points against East's unusual man-to-man defense, in which 6-foot-9 Obi Romeo doesn't venture outside the foul lane if his man is stationed on the perimeter. Thus, Moles was left wide open on several occasions and knocked down three baskets in SC's third-quarter surge."I remember that from last year at Greenbrier East,'' Moles said. "They did the same thing and I didn't play with a lot of confidence. So tonight I just wanted to come out and play with some confidence. I thought they might do that just because they like to keep him in the paint. My teammates trusted me and I hit some shots down, and it worked for us.''Romeo also had a slam-dunk for the Spartans and finished with four points, eight rebounds and three blocked shots. East led in rebounding 32-31.SC concludes the regular season on Saturday at Wheeling Park.Reach Rick Ryan at 304-348-5175 or email@example.com. Story Share Story Share Trending Now 1 Facebook founder visits Charleston restaurant 2 Innerviews: Dual-identity surgeon riding high in horse racing world 3 Photos: Teens make buttons of favorite banned books at Kanawha library 4 Rhode Island bank claims Justice companies owe $4.2M on helicopter loan 5 Congressional opioid investigation targets drug wholesaler Miami-Luken Prep roundup: GW boys beat Wheeling Park 45-42 Previous Story Prep basketball scores, boxes -- Feb. 21 Next Story


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I suppose after Warder, one can delve into the exotica presented in Wijesekera's "Syntax of the Cases in the Pali Nikayas". A very difficult book to procure, but very rewarding in its exploration of the different senses of the cases. If you have already signed up, you can read a review here - https://www.academia.edu/503951/Book_Re ... li_Nikayas
It's apparently the last word on Pali case syntax.


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Madonna admits she's not a tough parent to her children, Lourdes, 15, Rocco, 12, David, 6, and Mercy, 5. In an exclusive interview with Rock Center's Harry Smith – Madonna talks about the photos of Lourdes smoking outside of school last month.
She says, "(I) wasn't very happy, but honestly, I don't think I'm as tough as I should be. I think I need to be maybe tougher. It's hard — every day is a negotiation. But cigarette smoking I'm not very fond of — for anyone – especially my daughter."
When Smith pointed out that she smoked in a recent video – the Give Me All Your Luvin' singer quickly responded.
I don't smoke. That's just an accessory, Harry. There's a difference. (Lourdes) smoked that cigarette before I did that video! She didn't get it from me."
Madonna also shared that when she's home she's mom.
They get the version "that comes home and says, 'Have you done your homework?' and 'Why are you wearing that?' and 'Why did you say that?' and 'What are you eating that for?'"


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Saturday, September 23, 2017
Lung Cancer
CT scan results
hi i wanted to ask you about my moms ct results. it showed a mass in her upper lobe left lung kind of in the center of upper lobe which the dr. said showed just a few involved lymph nodes i guess around the mass maybe but no where else so far even though they have not done a pet scan yet.he will biopsy it tomorrow by a bronchoscope and he said he would be able to tell more like if it has involved the bronchioles or branch or windpipe but the biopsy would take 2-3 days to find out what type of cancer it is!is the prognosis worse if its in the left lung or right or does that even matter? does the size matter if it is like the size of a lemon or as small as a dime as far as prognosis? does the area of the lung high or low, outer or inner have a better prognosis from ur experience? can the lung still be resected if it involves bronchioles,branch,or windpipe? are nsclc masses bigger or smaller than sclc?i just need some answers for more hope and to ease some of my worries!
Thank you for your question. One of the most important things to determine during the assessment of a mass is if it is malignant. Despite any findings by CAT scan or PET scan, a biopsy is necessary to establish the diagnosis. Should a diagnosis of lung cancer be established, the next step is to determine the stage. Staging is based on the size and location of the lesion, presence of multiple lesions, involvement of lymph nodes of the chest or areas outside of the chest. Whether the mass is on the left or right is less important than its size, proximity to important structures in the chest and involvement of lymph nodes. A larger lesion implies more advanced disease. Surgical resection is very dependent on whether the primary lesion involves important structures in the chest and whether there are multiple lesions or evidence of metastatic disease. Both NSCLC and SCLC can present as small or larger lesions. Once the biopsy has been performed and results available, you should obtain further consultation from your physician.
Patrick Nana-Sinkam, MD
Associate Professor of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep
College of Medicine
The Ohio State University


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A 21-year-old San Francisco Giants fan arrested on suspicion of stabbing a rival Los Angeles Dodgers fan walked out of jail Friday night due to a lack of evidence, leaving San Francisco prosecutors with a year to file murder charges against him.
Michael Montgomery, of Lodi, was released from jail at 9:04 p.m. -- about 48 hours after the Wednesday night attack that followed a Giants' win over the rival Dodgers -- as the San Francisco district attorney asked for witnesses to come forward with videotape or recollections of the fatal stabbing of Jonathan Denver, 24, of Fort Bragg.
Denver's father plans to address the media before the Giants' Sunday season finale outside AT&T Park and ask for witnesses to come forward.
"My office extends its deepest and most heartfelt condolences to Jonathan Denver's family," said San Francisco District Attorney George Gascon in a statement Friday before Montgomery was released. "We are extremely concerned about the loss of life and want to make sure justice is served.
"Additionally, in California, it is the People's burden to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did not act in lawful self-defense," he continued. "It is vital for our office to have independent corroboration of the incident in order to meet our ethical obligation to charge this case."
Montgomery's father told a Lodi newspaper that his son acted in self-defense.
The Lodi man's arrest came after he made an "incriminating statement" during interviews with investigators, said San Francisco police Chief Greg Suhr.
Neither Michael Montgomery nor his parents were available for comment Saturday.
The father, Marty Montgomery, told the newspaper that his son told him in a phone call made while in police custody that Denver, wearing Dodgers apparel, yelled "Giants suck!" at Michael Montgomery's friend, who was wearing a San Francisco Giants hat. Denver and others then hit his son and their friends without warning, Marty Montgomery told the paper.
During the fight, the father said, Denver hit his son over the head with a chair, and, in self-defense, his son stabbed Denver.
"He's freaking out," Marty Montgomery, 47, told the Lodi newspaper. "He's like, 'I saw him die in his dad's arms.'"
Denver's father, Robert Preece, attended the baseball game with Denver and his other son, Robert, 26, and the death has taken a particular toll on the brother.
"His brother is going to be lost without him," said his ex-stepmother Staci Preece-Wojdak, a Pasadena woman who helped raise Denver since he was 3. "They were immensely close. They were a package deal."
Preece-Wojdak, 46, called Denver a "sweet, gentle young man who kept to himself."
"He would protect his family to a fault," she said. "That was the only time you heard from him."
She said the brothers were living together in Fort Bragg, working and trying to start a life. Baseball was a common thread for the young men, with Robert being the more passionate of the two for the game. The brothers have been going to Dodger games since they were children.
Denver attended the Giants game Wednesday night with his father, brother and two others. Wearing Dodgers apparel, Denver left the ballpark with the group around 10 p.m. -- the eighth inning -- and was headed to a bar.
About 11:30 p.m., near Third and Stillman streets, they encountered another group of people -- one of whom was wearing a Giants cap -- that had been at a bar and not the game. There was "some back and forth about the Giants-Dodgers rivalry," police said, starting a fight.
That melee broke up, but when they crossed paths again minutes later at Third and Perry streets, a second altercation ensued, and Denver was stabbed. He was rushed to San Francisco General Hospital, where he died.
Police continue to search for two others who may have been present during the fight but have not released their names or information on their possible involvement in the killing. Police are also looking for the weapon used in the stabbing. Police detained an 18-year-old man in connection with the killing but released him Thursday.
"Not all witnesses have been interviewed, nor have any independent witnesses of the incident been interviewed," Gascon said. "We have requested this and other evidence be collected before we can make an assessment on whether charges should be filed."
Staff writer Katie Nelson contributed to this report.


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Great lube, used it for years, a little goes a long way. Chain, pivot points, cable housings, etc. Product was on back order when I placed my order. Got an email after order was placed stating such. Nowadays, with computer controlled inventories, I do not see why any online customer would be allowed to purchase any product from any online retailer without realtime notification that the item is not truly available. Do not let me order it if you do not have it. This ain't rocket science...scan the item into the warehouse bin, scan it out when you sell it, and integrate the inventory and online catalog. Airlines have been effectively doing this for years. This is obvious, and this omission in customer service is equally obvious. Those who demonstrate greater competency in the market excel, and those who do not, go away. I am not a stupid complacent customer, I recognize when I am effectively being treated as such, and am always actively looking for the merchant whose passion for serving me equals my passion for cycling. We as consumers vote with our wallets...there are many candidates vying for our votes.
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This is the only lube that I use now. I use it on my fixed gear road bike year round. Does a great job of keeping the chain wet and lubricated. It holds up extremely well in the rain too. Even on the coldest days in the winter it stays wet and doesn't freeze. It has a nice aromatic smell to it also unlike some other lubes I've used that have a nasty petroleum or chemical smell. It does get messy so there is no need to apply much on the chain.
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This is good basic chain lube. As a wet lube, it can get messy, bu it works as needed and has a nice, spicy smell.
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Bridge BuildersLogic puzzles require you to think. You will have to be logical in your reasoning.
There was a new and very popular Emperor in a small country in the Pacific Ocean. The country consisted of two small islands 3 miles apart. The only way to get to the other island was an old, small ferry boat. The new Emperor was very progressive and wanted to shape up the community to attract tourists and hopefully new residents to stop the population from shrinking.
He decided to connect the islands by a new bridge. Everyone knew the job would be difficult and dangerous, and when he put out the word only two companies were even willing to attempt it.
Company A was the first to offer and said they could do it for $800,000. When the Emperor told the contractor of Company B what Company A offered, the contractor of Company B said they could not do it for less than $1,000,000. The Emperor took a while to think it over. Contractor B, being very smart and confident, came back to the Emperor and said, "Sir, I will give you an offer you cannot refuse. The decision is completely up to you in the end, but you can pay me $200,000, $750,000, or $1,000,000 for the job." Contractor B proceeded with his details and the Emperor immediately accepted his offer. Company B ended up being paid $1,000,000 for the job. Contractor B did not lie, cheat, or swindle the Emperor in any way. He is a very honest businessman.
Why did Company B's offer sound so good to the Emperor, and more importantly, how did Company B end up with the highest amount?
Hint2 Hints:
1. Company A is part of Company B's idea.
2. Use your math and accounting skills
AnswerContractor B was very confident in his company's excellent work. It was high quality work so could not lower the full price to under $1,000,000. He suggested to the Emperor that each company start building from opposite ends and each complete a quarter of the bridge. The emperor could then examine the 2 quarters and make his decision on which company would complete the job, based off of quality.
Each company would be paid $200,000 for their quarter, that way if Company A won, the emperor would still only be paying $800,000 ($400,000 more to Company A for the rest of the bridge). If Company B won, Contractor B argued, it would be because they were obviously superior in bridge building and thus worthy of the extra money. The Emperor would still only be paying $950,000 that way anyway, which is still cheaper than Company B's full offer, while Company B would still get paid their full ¾ pay for ¾ of a bridge ($750,000).
When Company A heard this offer, they knew they were beat because they knew their bridge-building skills were far inferior. They figured it was not worth the $200,000 to start even building since it was so dangerous and immediately backed out, forcing the Emperor to pay Company B their full asking price of $1,000,000.
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Topic: Votes needed!
Before I post here I want to ask if it ok to do it first. The UK CC charity, AMMF has been nominated for a £2000 donation but it is a 'vote to win' and the charity with the most votes wins. Can I post the link here where members can vote? It is free, legitimate and takes 60 seconds max to vote.
In the stars now . . . .


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Teresa Burdette didn't know what was going on, but she had a good idea — and a bird's-eye view.
From her porch on the 2200 block of Washington Street East, she saw the caution tape, the men getting their pictures taken by police and the television cameras.
Marvin Smith had just been shot in the hand. Police said Smith struggled with another person at his door after he refused to give the person prescription pills. Police arrived at 10:15 a.m. Tuesday at the house, a couple of blocks from the state Capitol.
As of Tuesday night, police had identified a person of interest but were not releasing a name.
"We're still following up on leads," Lt. Steve Cooper, chief of detectives, said.
He said whoever shot Smith should be considered "armed and dangerous."
"It's a drug house, and they all know it," said Burdette, examining the scene from her porch and holding her infant godson. "This is a community. This ain't the hood."
Jedidiah Lewis, who lives with Burdette and other extended family, sat next to her and smoked a cigarette. He said he notices things at the big blue house where Smith was shot — the kind of things that don't happen everywhere in the neighborhood.
Lewis said he's seen fights and people's property damaged. He said police are often called.
The tenants of the house were evacuated Tuesday after the city building inspector found a bed bug infestation, Cooper said.
He did not say how many times police had been called to the house at 2225 Washington St. E., or if the crime in question was a drug deal gone wrong, citing an open investigation. Smith, 54, has a criminal history. In 1995, he was convicted of three counts of second-degree sexual assault against a female in the 13 to 17 age range, according to West Virginia State Police sex offender records.
He served 10 1/2 years in prison and another 1 1/2 on parole. In 2007, Smith was indicted for failing to register as a sex offender.
Burdette said rumors had been swirling around the neighborhood that Smith was a sex offender. She and Lewis worry that trouble from the blue house will spread across the street to theirs.
"What's to stop them from coming over here looking for money?" Lewis said. "We have kids of all ages in this house."
Staff writer Erin Beck contributed to this report. Reach Jack Suntrup at firstname.lastname@example.com or 304-348-5100.


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Picture: Neil Diamond Stand Up To Cancer held at Sony Pictures Studios - Arrivals Los Angeles, California - 10.09.10
Neil Diamond, Alice Cooper and Tom Waits are among the next inductees to join the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
The 2011 class for the prestigious club was announced on Tuesday (14Dec10), with Darlene Love and iconic piano player Dr. John also gaining successful nominations.
And despite his stellar career, Diamond insists he was in no rush to enter the Hall, telling the Associated Press, "I thought about it occasionally, but I kind of figured they'd get around to me at some point."
Love adds, "Finally it's done. It still hasn't hit me yet. I still have that nervous stomach, and I'm still excited."
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum induction ceremony is slated to take place on 14 March (11) in New York.
Saving Silverman is a film you pray for. With its hilarious trailer, you beg...
The Band were one of the best rock groups of the '60s and '70s, creating...


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This is an archived article that was published on sltrib.com in 2012, and information in the article may be outdated. It is provided only for personal research purposes and may not be reprinted.
Images from the first day of the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in Cannes, France. The festival runs from May 16 to May 27.


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Osprey is proud to sponsor an incredible, inspiring and educational upcoming special that will air on PBS this month: Bridge the Gap to Pine Ridge. The program was created by executive producer, host and global explorer Chris Bashinelli, who grew up in Brooklyn, NY and has devoted his adult life to traveling to developing regions of the world, where he investigates the lives of people young and old, asking the ultimate question: "How can we change the world for the better?"
Bridge the Gap to Pine Ridge will premiere on many PBS stations nationwide this Friday, July 19th at 10 p.m., and is the first of about five airings that will happen over the next several years. To see if this premiere is showing on your local station, please check the Local Listings, as some stations will air the special as late as July 27th.
Here's what the special is all about:
In this program, he visits the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation to explore a culture all but expunged from the history books, that of the Oglala Lakota Native Americans. While there, he embarks on a life-changing buffalo harvest, gets "schooled" by the women's college basketball team, visits with a 14-year-old suicide prevention activist, and finds himself shoulder deep up a cow's backside while trying to better understand employment issues on the reservation. With humor and pathos, he uncovers stories of hope and learns how culture has prevailed in the face of adversity.
Martin Bad Wound, a respected community leader on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.
"What do you want people to remember about you?" Chris asks Martin Bad Wound, a respected community leader — "It ain't just me I want you to remember. It's my people. We ain't all depressed, we ain't all oppressed, we ain't all alcoholics. We all want something out of life. We're just like you."
So check your local listings, tune in and learn more about Bridge the Gap TV!


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FIVE teams have resigned on the eve of the new McDonald's Worcester and District Sunday League season.
With under a fortnight to go until the big kick-off on September 7, Powick's Premier Division side, Old Boys Malvern, GDL Athletic, Malvern Victoria and Hornets Reserves have all quit.
It has reduced the number of teams in the six-division competition to 65 and is the second time the league have been forced to re-jig the formation since last season.
There was a major overhaul in June after 13 teams left, including half of last season's Premier Division teams.
Although 12 clubs joined to plug the gap, it meant sides being moved up a level to even out the numbers.
The latest withdrawals come in the wake of that, with some teams unhappy at being placed in higher divisions, despite a league plea for understanding. Other reasons include players not being committed and being unable to afford fees.
Powick were unhappy at being placed in the Premier despite finishing fifth in Division One last term, while GDL players said they should have been moved down following a ninth-placed finish in Division Three.
"We feel that we didn't have sufficient quality of players to play in the Premier Division," said Powick secretary Graham Bird. "A lot of my players decided they didn't want to play in the Premier so they haven't re-signed."
Chris Wyse, of GDL, said: "Our first team has folded because we couldn't get enough players.
"One of the things that didn't help us was there was a feeling we shouldn't have been in Division Three. Had we been in Division Four or Five, they would have stayed.
"Players want to be winning and being a bit more competitive."
GDL, whose name has now been taken over by North Worcester Athletic in Division Five, also struggled to recruit new players, while Malvern Victoria saw players leave for "new challenges."
Hornets secretary Kerry Mayne felt there were several reasons behind the number of clubs folding.
"The secretary resigned from the reserves and it's a struggle to get volunteers to run the club," she said.
Mayne added: "I think money is an issue sometimes, people can't commit to paying every week."
Powick also argued against not being able to use their Premier Division players in their reserve team, which was moved up to Division Two after finishing sixth in Division Three, although they have since come to an arrangement with the league.
League secretary Tim Phillips said: "We had to fill holes because five teams that left were in the Premier Division. What else could we do?"
The current episode is another setback for the league following a summer which saw them disband their Saturday competition for the first time since 1893 after five of the nine teams left.
LEAGUE FORMATION Premier Division: Kempsey, Arrow Upton 2000, Brewers Athletic, Callow End, Droitwich Spa Eagles, Hallow, Malvern Radar, Perrywood, The Bell @ Pensax, WCT Raiders, University of Worcester.
Division One: Claines, Droitwich Town, Gloster Arms, Halfway House, Hallow, New Barbourne, Northside, St John's, Worcester Lynx, Worcester Raiders, Worcester Saints.
Division Two: Ale Madrid, Falcons, Malvern Rangers, Hornets, Perrywood Reserves, Powick Reserves, National Express, University of Worcester 'B', Virgin Athletic, WCT Youth Raiders, Worcester City Wanderers.
Division Three: Alumni, Clifton Rovers, Colwall St James, Colwall Village, Droitwich RBL, Korono, Freemasons Arms, Hylton Road Rovers, Malvern Mans, VBL Sports, Whitehall.
Division Four: DM Upton, Drakes Broughton Rangers, Droitwich Spa Eagles Res, Five Fathers, Hallow Reserves, Oldbury Park Tigers, Old Vigornians, Riverside, The Bell @ Pensax Reserves, Worcester Rileys.
Division Five: Brickfields, Blackpole Sports, Pillar of Salt, Droitwich Spa Eagles 'A', Eaton Rovers, GDL Athletic, Martley Spurs, Spa Gas, St Peter's, Sport Dysons, Westside.


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Stow Players closes its 60th Anniversary Season with an American theater classic, "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof," by Tennessee Williams, opening March 14 and running through March 29.
Show times are Fridays and Saturdays at 8 p.m., with one matinee on Sunday, March 23, at 2:30 pm.
"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" is the story of a Southern family in crisis, especially between Brick (Brian Westerley of Akron) and Maggie (Brenda Redmond of Twinsburg), and their interaction with Brick's family over the course of one evening gathering in the plantation home in the Mississippi Delta of Big Daddy Pollitt (Tom Stephan of Stow), a wealthy cotton tycoon. The party is to celebrate the 65th birthday of Big Daddy and his return from a medical clinic where he's been given a clean bill of health.
But all may not be what it seems. Big Mama (Harriet DeVeto of Akron) blithely wants the party to be a happy one; Big Daddy's other son Gooper (Doug Lillibridge of Twinsburg) and his wife Mae (Claudia Lillibridge of Twinsburg) have their sights set on gaining control of the family fortune and bring their "no-neck monsters" (Daevlynne Lambert of Stow, Josie and Colton Reynolds of Stow, Carl Goodell of Akron) to celebrate with the family.
Even family physician Doc Baugh (Dave Hinebaugh of Akron) and preacher Reverend Tooker (Tom Marshall of Tallmadge) join in on the fun before a storm takes liberties with the place, both inside and out. Others in the cast include Dottie Emerick of Kent as a servant and Keri Lambert of Stow as the nanny.
Bill Morgan is director.
Tickets for "Cat" are $12 general admission; $10 for senior citizens and students (although the theater doesn't recommend the show for students younger than high school). There is an opening night BOGO March 14. With the purchase of a general admission ticket, a second can be purchased for $5 (does not apply to senior/student/comp tickets). Only cash or checks are accepted for ticket payment.
All Stow Players performances are in the Heritage Barn in Stow's Silver Springs Park, with access from the Young Road entrance only. Call 330-655-6051 for reservations and information. Visit the Stow Players website at www.stowplayers.net or send an email to email@example.com.


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Kennywood Gets New Dark Ride in 2008
A few days before Kennywood announced that it and its sister parks were going to be acquired by Parques International, the park announced a new attraction for 2008. Ghostwood Estates will be a state-of-the-art dark ride where Gold Rusher ride used to be.
"The eight room haunted house replaces the Gold Rusher, which was retired this past August. "Ghostwood Estate is clearly an indication of Kennywood's commitment to dark rides," explains Jerome Gibas, Kennywood General Manager. "It combines the newest technology available – a trackless conveyance system with cars programmed and monitored by a computer and includes over 200 interactive targets and numerous CGIs (Computer Generated Images)."
Guests will be armed with blasters, developed by LaserStar, Florida. The blasters provide guests the opportunity to compete with others in the vehicle by targeting haunted characters throughout the estate. Each vehicle is also equipped with four individual scoreboards.
The $2 million project is expected to be complete for Kennywood's opening in May of 2008."
-From Kennywood's press release
Aside from the trackless nature of the ride, Ghostwood Estates sounds a lot like the Scooby Doo's Haunted Mansion rides at the former Paramount Parks like Kings Dominion and Carowinds. I can't remember if they were trackless as well. Hopefully, this new attraction will help draw those Pennsylvanians who are skeptical about the new foreign management.
What do you think about Kennywood's new dark ride? Leave a comment below.


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Novel Therapies for Metabolic Complications of Lipodystrophies
The recruitment status of this study is unknown. The completion date has passed and the status has not been verified in more than two years.
Verified June 2013 by Abhimanyu Garg, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, LLC.
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Abhimanyu Garg, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: April 4, 2007
Last updated: June 19, 2013
Last verified: June 2013
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Detailed Description:
Lipodystrophies represent a therapeutic challenge with regards to the management of the diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver which frequently present in conjunction with significant adipose tissue loss. The purpose of the study and it's four subprojects is to examine the safety and efficacy of various novel interventions designed to improve or resolve the fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance or diabetes that is seen in these patients.
|Insulin Resistance Hypertriglyceridemia Diabetes Hepatic Steatosis
|Other: low-fat diet ( Still recruiting ) Other: Diet
|Phase 2 Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment
Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Novel Therapies for Metabolic Complications in Patients With Lipodystrophies
Resource links provided by NLM:
Genetics Home Reference related topics: mandibuloacral dysplasiaU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Abhimanyu Garg, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Project specific: improvement in serum triglycerides, insulin resistance, liver triglyceride content, liver volume, Hgb A1c, [ Time Frame: 6 to 12 months ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|April 2006
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|December 2016
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|August 2016 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: Low fat diet is the "drug"
Diet 10% fat versus 35% fat
Other: low-fat diet ( Still recruiting )
This study will compare 10% fat versus 35% fat diets in terms if effect on liver fat, triglycerides adn other metabolic parameters.
Other Name: Low fat versus extremely low fat DietOther: Diet
10 % versus 35 % fat in diet
Detailed Description:
We propose novel therapeutic approaches for the management of metabolic complications in patients with lipodystrophies. The four interventions to be tested are:
Hypothesis 1: An extremely low fat diet. Hypothesis 2: Leptin replacement therapy. Hypothesis 3: Cholic acid therapy.. Hypothesis 4: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) agonist, pioglitazone.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|14 Years to 70 Years (Child, Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
General Inclusion criteria:
- Patients with lipodystrophies as diagnosed by clinical criteria
Any one of the following:
- Diabetes mellitus, or
- Fasting serum triglycerides greater than 200 mg/dL, or
- Fasting serum insulin greater than 30 U/mL, or
- Hepatic steatosis ( greater than 5.6% hepatic triglyceride content) as demonstrated by 1H MRS.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Known liver disease due to causes other than non-alcoholic steatohepatitis:
- Current alcohol abuse (more than 7 drinks or 210 g per wk for women and more than 14 drinks or 420 g per wk for men).
- Positive serological markers of hepatitis B and C.
- Autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune cholestatic liver disorders, Wilson disease and Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency as indicated by clinical and laboratory tests.
- Drug-induced liver disease
- Evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma: alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 200 ng/ml and/or liver mass on imaging study suggestive of liver cancer.
- Decompensated liver disease as evidenced by clinical features of hepatic failure (variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy etc.) and laboratory investigations (prolonged prothrombin time, hypoalbuminemia, presence of esophageal varices etc.)
- Use of the drugs which can potentially decrease hepatic steatosis during previous 3 months; high-dose vitamin E, betaine, acetylcysteine, choline and probucol.
- Significant systemic or major illnesses other than liver disease (congestive heart failure, unstable angina, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory failure, renal failure [serum creatinine more then 2 mg/dL], acute pancreatitis, organ transplantation, serious psychiatric disease, and malignancy) that could interfere with the trial and adequate follow up.
- Acute medical illnesses precluding participation in the studies.
- Known HIV infected patient.
- Current substance abuse.
- Pregnant or lactating women.
- Hematocrit of less than 30%.
- History of weight loss ( more than 10%) or use of weight loss drugs such as sibutramine or orlistat in the last 3 months.
Each subproject has additional specific inclusion and exclusion criteria
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00457938
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00457938
|Contact: Claudia Quittner, RN, BSN, MS
|Contact: Zahid Ahmad, MD
|United States, Texas
|UT Southwestern Medical Center
|Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390
|Contact: Claudia Quittner, RN, BSN, MS 214-648-9296 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Contact: Zahid Ahmad, M.D. 214-648-2377 email@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Abhimanyu Garg, M.D.
|Sub-Investigator: Zahid Ahmad, M.D.
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, LLC.
|Principal Investigator:
|Abhimanyu Garg, MD
|UT Southwestern Medical Center
More Information
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Keywords provided by Abhimanyu Garg, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Simha V, Subramanyam L, Szczepaniak L, Quittner C, Adams-Huet B, Snell P, Garg A. Comparison of efficacy and safety of leptin replacement therapy in moderately and severely hypoleptinemic patients with familial partial lipodystrophy of the Dunnigan variety. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Mar;97(3):785-92. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-2229. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
|Responsible Party:
|Abhimanyu Garg, Chairman, Division Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Professor Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00457938 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|April 4, 2007
|Last Updated:
|June 19, 2013
Keywords provided by Abhimanyu Garg, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Insulin Resistance
Fatty Liver
Glucose Metabolism Disorders
Metabolic Diseases
Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Skin Diseases, Metabolic
Skin Diseases
Liver Diseases
Digestive System Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017