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U.S. District Court Judge Jeffrey White denied the motion for an injunction Thursday morning to stop CalTrans work on the Highway 101 bypass around Willits. This leaves CalTrans and the bypass contractors DeSilva Gates Construction and Flatiron West free to gear up for bypass construction in earnest.
Judge White determined the plaintiffs (The Center for Biological Diversity, Sierra Club, Willits Environmental Center, the Environmental Protection Information Center and the California Farm Bureau) "have not met their burden to show the balance of equities tip sharply in their favor or that the public interest clearly favors the issuance of an injunction."
In part the judge determined the plaintiffs' case was weakened because they waited to request the injunction until after the contract was awarded. This was contrasted with the recent injunction granted against CalTrans for plans to straighten the highway through Richardson's Grove redwoods. The motion for the Richardson's Grove injunction was filed prior to CalTrans advertising for bids.
While the judge did not rule out the possibility of the plaintiffs succeeding in their lawsuit against CalTrans, he stated "on the existing record, the court concludes that they have not met their burden to show either a likelihood of success on the merits of their National Environmental Policy Act claim or that there are serious questions going to the merits of that claim."
The judge also noted, "the Moving Plaintiffs do not contend that CalTrans should not proceed at all on the Willits Bypass Project. Rather, their position is that, in light of purportedly new information and new circumstances, "[r]easonable two-lane alternatives exist," and CalTrans should have prepared a supplemental EIS to evaluate those alternatives.
"In order to prevail [in the lawsuit] on the merits, the Moving Plaintiffs will be required to show that the [CalTrans] decision not to prepare a supplemental EIS was arbitrary or capricious."
The next hearing on the lawsuit is scheduled for November 16 for a case management conference.


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i just found out that besides jason collier and neil reed, that another former hoosier from the late 90's is also no longer with us. i had no idea william gladness died back in may 2008.
this got me to wanting to check out the rosters of the mid to late 90's hoosiers teams and i can't seem to find a place that has the rosters from then. the official iu site is terrible as far as archives goes.
does anyone have any ideas?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
QA1 Pro-Coil R-Series Front Shock Kit - GM A-Body BB Cars
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The platform of power.
In mountain biking, people talk of privateers. That's most of the world — people who buy their own stuff. And when counting pennies, doing spreadsheet calculations, and analyzing cost-per-gram, the less flashy parts — the Chorus', Force's, and Ultegra's of the world, often provide 99% of the performance at 50-75% of the price. The Look Cycle Keo 2 Max fits in the performance without the price slot. It does everything that the Keo 2 Max Carbon does, just without the carbon-fiber pedal body.
One noteworthy feature of the Keo 2 is the stainless steel wear plate atop the center of the pedal body. This adds tremendous durability to the system as a whole. But Look did more than add a cap to its pedals. It redesigned the shape so that it's wider, amongst the widest clipless pedals around. This 57mm platform width increases the surface area that contacts the cleat to 340mm², but that doesn't affect the cornering clearance as the pedal body is narrower on the bottom.
Look also went to town on the pedal's axle. The diameter was increased to 12mm on the crank side for increased stiffness. Additionally, Look kept the stack height to a minimum, 15.7mm, which necessitated two roller bearings on the crank side and a needle bearing on the outside of the spindle.
The Keo 2 Max pedal bodies are made from a polyamide composite. The wear plate and axle are both stainless steel. The Q-Factor is 53mm, and it's able to be increased to 55mm with the use of a 2mm spacer that goes between the spindle and the crank (sold separately). The release tension is also able to be adjusted from 9-15Nm. There are three float options for the cleats: fixed aka zero float (Black) cleats, 4.5-degrees float (Grey) cleats, and 9-degrees of float (White/red) cleats.
The Look Cycle Keo 2 Max Pedals are available in the color Black, Black/green, Black/grey, Grey, White/red, and White.
- Stainless steel wear plate
- Wide platform
- 15.7mm stack height
- 53mm Q-Factor, adjustable to 55mm with spacer (sold separately)
- Adjustable release tension
Tech Specs
View more Road Clipless Pedals
Reviews & Community
Great pedals. Easy to switch over and all in all were a great addition to my bike.
My first clips
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
These are the very first clips I have ever had, so I don't have much to compare them to. So far they have been great! Decently easy for me to clip in and out of.
These Pedals Last
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
These pedals last. I have put these through it all for 2 years now. They are holding up great. Light and spin with ease.
If i purchase these pedals, do they come with the respective shoe cleat?
Also when selecting in the dropdown menu, which color reflects float options? First or second? (Ex. Would Black/Grey mean no float in a grey color?)
Popular for a reason.
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
I've been using Look pedals for over 15 years. I've never had an issue with them in terms of functional. The only issues I've had with them is the float I needed as I add on the miles. Currently have 2 pairs , Look Keo Max and Keo Max2. I swapped out the spindles on my Keo Max2 and dropped 20 grams each or 40 total.
The red cleats feel great for me now. After my marathon, I really notice I needed more float. Perhaps alignment changes from running.
What model of Look you used to ride before keo2max? I've been using look keo classic & classic 2, do you think I'll noticed about any difference?
I had the classics.. it's different but not a lot. I think the classic are actually slighlty easier to clip. The Keo Max do have a larger platform and nice when you are smashing it.
dumb question I suspect, but....
is the price for a pair, or per pedal?
That is a great question, and it happens more times then you would think. All of our pedals are sold as a pair. If you have any additional questions, please feel free to e-mail me. firstname.lastname@example.com
What size and type of wrench is required...
What size and type of wrench is required to adjust the tension?
Hey Rick,
That is a 3mm hex wrench.
If you've got any other questions please let us know.
This keo pedals are compatible with the...
This keo pedals are compatible with the timex cycle training 2.0 .
Why wouldn't they be? Does your computer depend on what pedals you use?


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Prasadachitta wrote:polarbuddha101 wrote:or a layperson, being an artist is perfectly acceptable (unless the art encourages greed, hatred, and delusion) to make a living
Hi Polar,
According to your interpretation any kind of art would encourage greed.
Prasadachittapolarbuddha101 wrote:The pleasure of art is dependent upon passion.
I was thinking about that too. Of course, the passion that arises when looking at a beautiful painting of a tree is much more subtle than the rather unwholesome passion that would likely arise when watching Full Metal Jacket or Inglorious Bastards. Anyway, I suppose it's a matter of degree but in the end a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni, or anyone who wants to become an arahant for that matter, is supposed to relinquish all passion for sights and this would include any passion or desire to look at beautiful paintings, be they of trees or otherwise.


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the older pdga minis actually had both your pdga # and your name on them. now they just have your # on them.
you also get a 150 class dx disc (usually shark or an aviar or leopard) in addition to the magazine subscription.
if you plan on playing any tournaments it's usually a good idea to sign up.
basically, it's always cheaper to renew than sign up new, and the costs will only go up over time.
if you do sign up/renew after september 1st it is good through the next year.


text:
A Study Comparing LY2605541 With Insulin Glargine as Basal Insulin Treatment
This study has been completed.
Eli Lilly and Company
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Eli Lilly and Company
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: July 3, 2013
Last updated: September 3, 2015
Last verified: September 2015
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
|Study Status:
|This study has been completed.
|Study Completion Date:
|April 2015
|Primary Completion Date:
|April 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Certification or Request for Extension to Delay Results Received:
|September 3, 2015


text:
Good turnout for a C-Tier level event last season. Had 75 people show up despite the soggy weather. I know Lars is projecting at least 75 again this year.
LSDiscs Columbia Pro Am B Tier Sunday March 13th
Where: Albert Oakland Park, Columbia, MO
Time: Sign in 8-9:30
Players meeting: 9:45
Tee off: 10:00
Cost: Open Divisions- $60
Advanced Divisions-$50
Ace Fund-$5
Every AM player will receive a great player pack!!
~~$10/Pro Player will be added to the Pro Payouts~~
*Add $10 for non-PDGA members*
Pre Registration at www.lsdiscs.net
*$5 OFF if you sign up by Thursday March 10th*
Contact: Lars Nordgren 785-220-1226 or firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Cooking Together
Reversible Ceramic Double Griddle
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Medium Oak Chopping Block
Large Oak Chopping Block
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6-Piece Baking Set
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Clearance $8.97 reg. $12.95
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OXO ® Good Grips Can Opener
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Lidded Bowl with Clear Lid Set of 12
Set Savings $19.95 open stock $23.40


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Amazing circulation pump with built-in ultraviolet clarifier saves you time and money. TotalPond® Submersible Pump with UV does the job of two essential pond products for the price of one! Innovative two-in-one design reduces time spent selecting compatible components as well as shaving off plumbing and setup time. Patented design integrates a state-of-the-art 6 watt "cold cathode" UV tube directly inside the pump. In other words, pond water is exposed to cleansing UV light as it passes through the circulation pump!
TotalPond Submersible Pump with UV maximizes clarifying power by perfectly "tuning" UV exposure of water flowing through the UV chamber. The result is enhanced pond clarity and water quality for a healthy pond environment. Versatile pump features a flow control valve to adjust output to suit your needs. Waterfall Pump delivers greater flow rate making it a great choice for creating dramatic waterfalls up to 10 ft high. Includes Pumpshield pump bag for extra pump protection from debris. 16 ft cord.
TotalPond Submersible Pump with UV Waterfall Pump Manual PDF
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text:
Originally Posted by akbar
Originally Posted by B-MCINTYRE
DRG hates everyone
We all judge others even if it isn't our place to judge, but supposedly at the end we are all judged by one!!!
Wrestling, women and money who could ask for more???
Forum Rules
© 2011 eWrestlingNews, All Rights Reserved.


text:
Han Solo's Co-Pilot and Right Hand Man...
Sideshow has released new photos and details on their latest Star Wars Premium Format Figure: Chewbacca. Standing over 23 inches tall, the regular and Exclusive versions of Sideshow's Chewbacca Premium Format Figure will be outfitted with his signature bowcaster and satchel. The Exclusive Chewbacca Premium Format Figure will include an additional switch out hand, arming Chewie with a Blastech DLT-19 Rifle.
Both the regular and Exclusive versions of this Rebel hero will be priced at $384.99.
The Exclusive Chewbacca Premium Format Figure will be available for pre-order on Thursday, March 14th, 2013.
To insure your action figure collection, get in touch with Collectibles Insurance, the official insurance company of the Figures.com network. Say "Figures.com" to get 5% off your first term premiums.
To buy action figures, take a look at BigBadToyStore.com, PlasmaInfusion.com, Toynk.com, BriansToys.com, ToyWiz.com, and MonkeyDepot.com.


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Corn futures fell Thursday morning despite strength spilling over from the soybean pit. The winter storm blanketing the Central Plains with snow may be weighing upon prices somewhat, but the more likely force behind the drop probably came from the International Grains Council. That group announced this morning that it was raising its estimate of 2012-13 global corn production by 5.0 million tonnes to 850 million. This doesn't actually change how much is available, but it certainly suggests supplies are more plentiful than previously thought. March corn had fallen 7.0 cents to $6.935/bushel around midsession Thursday, while December dipped 6.25 cents to $5.5525.
Nearby soybean futures managed a modest rise Thursday morning, but the deferred contracts and oil declined. Talk of firm cash prices across the Midwest reportedly supported the March future, as did speculation that logistical problems with the huge Brazilian crop will force international buyers to continue buying U.S. beans later in the year than previously thought. Meal demand may also be proving surprisingly robust, which would explain nearby futures gains in that pit and concurrent oil weakness. March beans were trading 8.0 cents higher, at $14.9075 late Thursday morning, while March soyoil had fallen 0.58 cents to 51.49 cents/pound, whereas March meal gained $4.0 to $437.6/ton.
Wheat futures fell to fresh 8-month lows Thursday morning, with traders rather obviously reacting to the snow blanket being dropped on large portions of the Plains from the Panhandle region into Iowa today. This could substantially increase production prospects for the coming winter wheat harvest. News that the International Grain Council did not increase its forecast wheat carryout for the 2013-14 crop year apparently did little to support the market. March CBOT wheat futures plunged 16.0 cents to $7.225/bushel just before lunchtime Thursday, while March KCBT wheat dove 15.25 cents to $7.62, and March MGE futures dropped 12.25 cents to $8.085.
After posting a sizeable reversal Wednesday night, live cattle futures apparently resumed their downtrend Thursday morning. There was not specific news behind the drop, but we have to wonder if the livestock markets are suffering from ongoing talk about the anticipated government sequester. The packing industry could be forced to completely shut down (due to the requirement for USDA inspection of all meat production) if it occurs. We think this is highly unlikely, but we cannot completely rule it out either. Midday slippage in beef cutout values did not help the situation either. April cattle fell 0.35 cents to 127.87 cents/pound in late-morning activity, while August lost 0.45 cents to 125.07. Meanwhile, March feeder cattle slid 0.30 cents to 140.42 cents/pound, and August had fallen 0.35 cents to 153.45.
Hog futures proved quite weak again Thursday morning. Concerns about the impact of the mooted government sequester may also have been affecting the swine and pork complex. However, the latest cash and wholesale news was not supportive. Traders saw no quotes concerning hog trading in the Western Corn Belt, but those east of the Mississippi River had fallen rather sharply. The noon pork report called ham prices steady to 2.0 cents lower, which will not improve sentiment in the CME pit. April hogs dropped 0.65 cents to 82.30 cents/pound in Thursday morning action, while June fell 0.62 cents to 91.72.


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Washington, DC — Children's National Medical Center is pleased to announce that Gary F. Rogers, MD, JD, MBA, MPH, is Chief of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Dr. Rogers joins Children's National from Children's Hospital Boston and leads a team of fellowship-trained pediatric plastic surgeons, the largest of any medical center in the mid-Atlantic region.
"We are pleased to add Dr. Rogers to our rapidly expanding team," said Kurt Newman, MD, Senior Vice President of the Joseph E. Robert, Jr., Center for Surgical Care. "His experience and innovative approach will complement our surgical team at Children's National and benefit patients and families."
Dr. Rogers has authored more than 60 peer-reviewed articles, has lectured internationally, and has contributed to the invention of two patented devices to treat deformational plagiocephaly. His clinical interests include craniofacial surgery (including facial trauma and reconstruction), congenital and acquired hand conditions, and plagiocephaly.
Dr. Rogers is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery, and he holds a subspecialty board in hand surgery (CAQHS). He is a fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and the American College of Surgeons.
Each year Children's National surgeons perform more than 15,000 surgical cases, including many on patients needing plastic and reconstructive surgery. The Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Children's National offers elite pediatric surgical services to children regionally and nationally. The team includes three pediatric plastic surgeons, specially trained to treat infants, children, and teens.
To schedule an appointment, call 1-888-884-BEAR.For interviews, contact Emily Dammeyer, Children's National public relations: 202-476-4500.
Children's National Health System, based in Washington, DC, has been serving the nation's children since 1870. Children's National is ranked in the top 20 in every specialty evaluated by U.S. News & World Report; one of only four children's hospitals in the nation to earn this distinction. Designated a Leapfrog Group Top Hospital and a two-time recipient of Magnet® status, this pediatric academic health system offers expert care through a convenient, community-based primary care network and specialty outpatient centers. Home to the Children's Research Institute and the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National is one of the nation's top NIH-funded pediatric institutions. Children's National is recognized for its expertise and innovation in pediatric care and as a strong voice for children through advocacy at the local, regional and national levels. For more information, visit ChildrensNational.org, or follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
Want the latest Children's National news and stories as they happen? Sign up to get our News & Events releases by email.


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Oregon Adventurecations
Explore Oregon A selection of Oregon Adventurecations
48 Hours in Kid-Approved Klamath Falls
Ready to make a family winter weekend of it? Here's how.
7 Fire Lookout Tower Escapes
For lovers of Oregon's outdoors, no job is more romantic than that of a fire lookout. To live atop a mountain, surveying hundreds of miles of forest and peaks from a cozy glass hut is simplicity itself.
A Lesson in Adventure on the Rogue River
At the base of Oregon's Table Rocks rushes the explosive and bountiful Rogue River. Known for abundant salmon runs, gripping whitewater rafting adventures and engaging historic treasures, this part of Southern Oregon is a must-stop for families,…
A Rare Trip Down the Owyhee River
It's a warm morning as we prepare the rafts and drift boats for our four-day journey through the Lower Owyhee Canyonlands. Individuals, families and outfitters alike have come here to run the 67-mile stretch of river from Rome to Leslie Gulch. For…
A Road Trip Back in Time
Grey skies and cool weather spell the perfect time to pack up the family and head to the John Day Fossil Beds in Eastern Oregon. Not only does more sun shine here than in the western side of the state, you can experience time-travel fun with…


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As a veteran, you may have earned benefits as a result of your military service. Spouses and dependents of veterans also may have benefits available to them. However, you must apply for your benefits to receive them. Your first step is to contact a Veterans Service Officer who can help determine your eligibility. Veterans Service Officers are available at the Oregon Department of Veterans' Affairs and in every county in the state.
Below is a form that is intended for use by military veterans, spouses and dependents seeking additional information about veterans' benefits. Please do not submit private information, such as your Social Security number, birth date or personal information relating to your past, present or future physical or mental health condition. Submission of information confirms you agree with the ODVA Privacy Policy. Your information will be used to connect you with a Veterans Service Officer who will provide you information regarding your benefits.
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text:
Mediacom to hold town meeting
OCEAN PINES – Ocean Pines will host a town hall meeting with Mediacom representatives on Thursday, Nov. 21, at 6 p.m. at the Ocean Pines Community Center.
Members of the Mediacom team will be present including Glenn Bisogno, director of area operations, Mid-Atlantic system director of operations and Katie Brinsfield, administrative associate to Bisogno, among others.
Representatives will be in attendance to respond to questions and concerns from Ocean Pines cable subscribers.
Homeowners are encouraged to submit questions in advance in order for Mediacom to provide more detailed responses. Questions will also be taken from the floor at the event.
Questions and comments may be submitted by e-mail to email@example.com or in person at the Ocean Pines Administration building.
For more information, contact Teresa Travatello, director of marketing and public relations for the Ocean Pines Association, at 410-641-7717 ext. 3006.
«Go back to the previous page.


text:
Trading Cards Sleevelesss are an Idakoos specialtiy! Idakoos has many things to offer. Whether you want to get a Trading Cards Sleeveless for a special occasion, give a Trading Cards Singlet as a present or need to represent with a funny Sleeveless Trading Cards Shirt during Holidays or Family and Friends get-togethers, Idakoos is sure to have the right Trading Cards Sleeveless for you! Even if it turns out you can't find the right Sleeveless Trading Cards Tee with the perfect design for your mother, father or children (or friends!); Idakoos offers all of its men's women's and children's Trading Cards Sleevelesss as Custom Trading Cards Sleevelesss. Personalize any Trading Cards Sleeveless the way you want to ensure the perfect gift.
Showing 1 - 24 of 45 Sleeveless T-Shirt


text:
Just when it looked like Danica Patrick had figured out NASCAR's big superspeedways, she was involved in another wreck at Pocono Raceway.
Patrick was running 18th and racing Travis Kvapil when she appeared to get loose and drift into Kvapil's car on Lap 110.
MORE: Hamlin calls Petty "moron" | Stenhouse-Montoya crash
Patrick and Kvapil both spun and crashed, collecting the cars of Jeff Burton and Travis Kvapil.
Patrick said she simply got loose and lost control of her car.
"These cars rely on sideforce so when some is on the outside of you, it always makes you a little looser," Patrick said. "I didn't feel like I went in any more hero-like that time ... but we were tight and we had freed it up and it was better, but when they are outside of you, you just get loose.
"I chased it up and it spun around, and unfortunately, it ended the day for us, and it was a good day."
Burton, who is still racing for a spot in the Chase, was so frustrated after climbing from his car that he slammed his fist onto the roof of his car.
"They just got together in front of me," Burton said. "I didn't see them wrecking. By the time I got there, they were wrecking.
"That's kinda like our year has gone. ... When you are running in the back, that's what happens."
Patrick has struggled during her rookie season, falling to 26th in Sprint Cup points and scoring just one top-10 finish. She was running better, however, before the crash.
"For me, I have to say if we are in the top 20, it is a good day for me and that's what was happening," she said. "Unfortunately, we won't come away with that. We were better off today than we had been."
This wasn't the first time Patrick and Kvapil have gotten together on the track as she took the blame for a wreck at New Hampshire last month.
Patrick grimaced and nodded her head in agreement when asked if she and Kvapil seemed to be having a lot of contact on the track.
Kvapil was obviously frustrated.
"I'm done just getting run over and wrecked and racing her clean," Kvapil said. "I don't know. It's pretty frustrating. She's one of the best cars out there.
"We're a middle-of-the-pack car running in the top 20 and get wrecked again. It is just really frustrating. … When you're in vulnerable situations, you have to guard yourself and take care of your stuff. She is a rookie and you've got to learn that, but that's a couple of weeks in a row for me."
Kvapil said he felt he deserved an apology after New Hampshire and never got one. He expects one after Pocono.
"You run through there side-by-side all day long and she just overdrove it, I assume, and got loose," Kvapil said. "It's just part of it. … It is just racing but when you overdrive your car, you wreck it and you wreck others."


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ASCO Annual Meeting
June 2, 2014
Women with cervical cancer that has spread to other parts of the body have few treatment options, especially if the disease gets worse during or after treatment. As a result, newer approaches to treatment are needed. A small study looking at a new type of personalized immunotherapy, known as adoptive T-cell therapy, has produced some promising results. This treatment approach boosts the body's natural defenses against the human papillomavirus (HPV) to fight the cancer. HPV is the virus that causes cervical cancer, and HPV proteins are usually found in cervical cancer cells.
Adoptive T-cell therapy is called a personalized treatment because immune cells that specifically attack cervical cells containing HPV proteins are grown from a person's tumor in a laboratory. These cells are then delivered back into the body to treat the cancer using an intravenous (IV) tube placed into a vein.
During this study, nine women with cervical cancer received adoptive T-cell therapy. After treatment, two women had no signs of cancer, which is called a complete remission. Both of these women joined the study with cancer that had spread throughout their body (widespread metastases), and their disease had worsened despite previous treatment. According to the researchers, these women have remained cancer-free for 11 and 18 months and will continue to be monitored.
Treatment with adoptive T-cell therapy caused a number of serious side effects, the most common being low blood counts, infections, and metabolic disorders.
What this means for patients
"This proof-of-principal study shows that adoptive transfer of HPV-targeted T-cells can cause complete remission of metastatic cervical cancer and that this remission can be long-lasting," said lead study author Christian Hinrichs, MD, Assistant Clinical Investigator at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, MD. "This treatment is still considered experimental and is associated with significant side effects. We also need to explore why this therapy worked so well in certain women and not in others." The researchers are planning to expand this study to enroll additional patients. Adoptive T-cell therapy is also being offered at an increasing number of major medical centers in the United States and other countries. Talk with your doctor about all of your treatment options for cervical cancer, including clinical trials.
Questions to ask your doctor
- What stage of cervical cancer do I have?
- What are my treatment options?
- What treatment plan do you recommend? Why?
- What clinical trials are open to me?
- What is my chance of recovery?
More Information


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Android Users - Coming Soon! - Migrating from aCar 4.8 to 5.0
Real Name: Karina Joined: April 2016
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Use Cruise Control Often
On steady flat roads (especially at higher speeds), cruise c... ...
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text:
CLEVELAND - Mike Brown's second tenure with the Cleveland Cavaliers has lasted just one season, as the well-traveled head coach was relieved of his duties on the same day the team announced David Griffin as its new general manager.
CLEVELAND - Mike Brown's second tenure with the Cleveland Cavaliers has lasted just one season, as the well-traveled head coach was relieved of his duties on the same day the team announced David Griffin as its new general manager.
Brown, who previously served as the Cavaliers' head coach for five seasons from 2005-10, went just 33-49 in his return to the organization amidst raised expectations.
"This is a very tough business. It pains all of us here that we needed to make the difficult decision of releasing Mike Brown," said owner Dan Gilbert. "Mike worked hard over this last season to move our team in the right direction. Although there was some progress from our finish over the few prior seasons, we believe we need to head in a different direction. We wish Mike and his family nothing but the best."
Brown's lifetime record with the organization was 305-187. His best season behind the bench came in 2006-07, when he helped guide a LeBron James-led Cleveland squad to the NBA Finals for the first time in franchise history. The Cavs were swept by the Spurs.
In 2009, Brown was named NBA Coach of the Year and became the fourth-youngest coach in NBA history to win 60 games. He directed the Cavs to back-to-back 60- plus win seasons in both 2008-09 and 2009-10, but was fired in May of 2010 after losing to the Boston Celtics in the Eastern Conference semifinals.
Brown then took over as the Los Angeles Lakers' head coach for the 2011-12 season. The Lakers went 41-25 in the lockout-shortened campaign and made it to the Western Conference semifinals.
The 44-year-old was let go by Los Angeles just five games into the following season, however, after the team got off to a 1-4 start.
Griffin had been Cleveland's acting GM since Gilbert fired Chris Grant on Feb. 6. The team went 17-16 to close out the regular season following his appointment.
He joined the Cavaliers as vice president of basketball operations in September of 2010. Prior to coming to the franchise, Griffin spent 17 years with the Phoenix Suns while serving in various roles such as vice president of basketball operations, assistant general manager of player personnel, director of player personnel and assistant director of player personnel.
"Our ownership's commitment to this franchise and the fans of Cleveland is absolute," Griffin said. I feel that commitment, not only by the resources they make available but also with their tireless passion for delivering a championship-caliber team. Our entire organization reflects that passion and commitment. I am humbled and honored to be put in position to aggressively work with them, all of our front office staff and anyone who can contribute to achieving that vision."
Griffin is leading an immediate search for the team's new head coach. Cavs assistant coaches currently remain under contract for the upcoming season.


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I think it's fair to say that Windows is very broken, and Microsoft made a number of very poor design decisions along the way. In hind sight I think even they wish they wish they had dome some things differently now.
The ORA book Malicious Mobile Code [oreilly.com], though somewhat overtaken by event is a very good and frightening read. Not that I used IE or Outlook before, but I'm now very anti these products now.
However engineering aside, Microsoft and others encourage a culture of trust, easy of use, and poor security practice, that is far more damaging. It's more important to them that something is easy and automatic than it is that it's safe, and the result is what we see, lots of business for anti-virus vendors.
If there were the same number of ill-educated BSD/Linux users as there are Windows users, then there would be lots of problems with these systems too. Though I will grant that the problems would be different as nix systems are different at the core to Windows, but it's always easy to do stupid things....
I don't see Microsoft being any slower or quicker.
but also I don't see them learning from the mistakes of others. Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it (apparently a quote from George Santayana)
Those who do not understand Unix are condemned to reinvent it, poorly.


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It's not every Opening Day that a Single-A baseball team gets an 80-game career winner to start its first game of the season.
That will be the case Thursday when Chad Billingsley takes the hill for the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes.
Billingsley, one of four players on the Dodgers' disabled list to start the season, said he hasn't been given an innings limit for the start. That may come, but the right-hander said he isn't restricted in any way two weeks after he bruised the index finger on his right hand doing a bunting drill.
"There's no pain, it's just a matter of getting a better feel for (the curveball)," Billingsley said. "I'm just trying to find the consistent release point to do what you want with it."
Billingsley initially was bothered every time he threw the curveball, and no other pitch, because he uses a "spiked" grip with a raised middle finger. Even though he only threw the curve on less than three percent of his pitches last season, Billingsley considers it "my go-to pitch with two strikes."
He threw the pitch without pain in a minor-league rehab game on Friday, but without ideal command and consistency.
Mattingly said he's targeting April 10 in San Diego for Billingsley's first major-league start.
Also ...
Five former Dodgers Cy Young Award winners were in attendance: Sandy Koufax, Orel Hershiser, Fernando Valenzuela, Don Newcombe and starter Clayton Kershaw. ... Kershaw's home run on Opening Day was the first by a pitcher since the Cardinals' Joe Magrane on Paril 4, 1988. ... The last Dodgers pitcher to homer on Opening Day was Don Drysdale on April 12, 1965.


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Find harmony with the Octals, an all-male a cappella group that performs at college events.
Or maybe you'd like to swing a hammer with our chapter of Habitat for Humanity. If you're into UFOs, the Jive Turkeys (the college's Ultimate Frisbee organization) are always looking for new players.
There are more than 100 ways to participate, from student groups to research projects to campus cultural events to service-learning opportunities. Wherever you find your passion, there's something here for you.
And if it isn't here already, we'll help you create it.
Campus Life News All News
Dig In
First fall open house offers families a chance to explore Dickinson and Carlisle up close and personal.
A Most Invaluable Learning Experience
During her first internship as a Dickinsonian, Marguerite Adams '18 uses her experience to shape her goals.


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You are reading the older HTML site
Positive Feedback ISSUE
From the
Archives of Positive Feedback: An Interview with Scott
All photographs, image processing and effects by Robinson.
In Positive Feedback Vol. 9, No. 3, we published a conversation between PFO's Mike Pappas and Scott Frankland, one of the best fine audio engineers in the world. His work includes world-class designs at MFA (e.g., the MFA MC Reference and Luminescence preamps) and Wavestream (the Wavestream V-8 amplifier). After VSAC 2001, Mike talked with Scott about some newer work that Scott was doing in the fall of 2001, along with tube technologies, tube design, feedback, and other interesting things.
The main difference between the print version of this interview in PF and this version in PFO is the fact that we are at last able to publish accompanying photographs—and in color.
Scott Frankland at VSAC 2001 (fresco by Robinson)
Pappas: Scott, I pulled Positive Feedback Vol. 5, No. 5 and have read the V8 article about 5 times now. I am trying to understand how a guy who NEVER liked how tube amps sounded could be so knocked out by what I heard at VSAC (STUNNED is a better term). The more I re-read the V8 treatise, the more I understand what makes them so special.
Frankland: Thanks, Mike. Just remember these key words: brown-base… black-plate… clear-top…
Pappas: Diamond-bottom?
Frankland: You catch on quick.
Pappas: Scott, I recall that this amp was running 80 watts using 8 EL34's in triode mode.
Frankland: I'm going to rate the amp at 75W nominal. Power at clipping is 125W. This is a far cry from the 300W, 6550 V8.
Pappas: Why the change to EL34's? There seems to be a huge power penalty.
Frankland: Because an EL34 amplifier has the potential for less distortion than a 6550 amp.
Pappas: What's so special about the EL34?
Frankland: For one thing, the EL34 is a true pentode. The 6550 is a beam tube. They have different conductance curves and therefore different distortion characteristics. RCA and Philips carried on a sophisticated debate in the '30s over which technology was better. Although the 6550 can produce more power than the EL34, the EL34 needs less driver swing than a 6550 at any given power level. This means less distortion contributed by the driver stage.
Pappas: So you're going for lower distortion in this new amp?
Frankland: I'm going specifically for lower high-frequency distortion.
Pappas: What was your reference speaker for this project?
Frankland: I needed a speaker with natural yet revealing highs, so I chose the Avalon Eidolon's as my primary reference (which is what you listen to). As a further test, I used the Von Schweikert DB100's to "magnify" the amp's sound at the milliwatt level.
Pappas: As I recall, you used the Sound Lab's as your reference when you designed the 6550 V8.
Frankland: Right. The 6550 V8 was designed to drive difficult loads, such as the big Sound Lab's. When played loud, the Sound Lab's draw enormous current at high frequencies.
Positive Feedback's Mike Pappas (left) with Scott Frankland at a PF dinner, VSAC 2001
Pappas: How can we be sure that an amplifier is able to handle this kind of load?
Frankland: Besides bench testing, I use a track called "Fire and Water" from the Free album of the same name. This pink Island LP is so smooth you can blast it at 110dB and it won't burn your ears. During "Fire and Water" a long fuzz-guitar sustain is played. This type of sound contains high-frequency harmonics at high levels. The Sound Lab's can easily draw 7A under these conditions.
Pappas: I take it the EL34 V8's have trouble driving the Sound Labs?
Frankland: They are on the margin. The saving grace of the EL34 V8 is its clipping characteristic. There is no loop feedback in this amp. This results in a deceptively powerful-sounding amplifier.
Pappas: How does feedback affect clipping?
Frankland: The more feedback we use, the harder the clipping. The basic rule with a feedback amp is that you never want to run out of power.
Pappas: Is that why you decided to eliminate feedback from your amp?
Frankland: Soft clipping provides a small amount of headroom, nothing more. Since headroom can be obtained by other means, I don't see clipping as a make or break factor in amplifier design. There is another problem with feedback that is far more concerning.
Pappas: And that problem is…?
Frankland: That problem is harmonic multiplication.
Pappas: Could you explain what that means?
Frankland: When we apply feedback around a circuit we create a path for harmonic distortion products to loop through the amplifier. At each pass they intermodulate with the audio signal, creating sum & difference products at the output.
Pappas: How is this different from ordinary IM distortion?
Frankland: Ordinary IM distortion creates a finite number of sum and difference products. With recirculation, however, the IM products have the potential to multiply themselves to infinity. This was analyzed by Baxandall in the late '70s.
Pappas: How is this possible?
Frankland: Let's say we have an amp that produces purely second-order distortion—a triode amp at low power levels, for example. When 2f loops around, it intermodulates with 1f (the fundamental) to produce 3f; 3f then loops around to produce 4f; and so on. This repetitive looping generates a flood of high-order products that runs through the circuit like bad adrenaline.
Pappas: That sounds ugly.
Frankland: And that is the main reason why feedback has become so unpopular lately.
Pappas: So harmonic recirculation turns out to be a fundamental flaw in feedback theory?
Frankland: Feedback per se is not inherently flawed. This becomes apparent once we understand what makes feedback turn ugly. What is flawed is the active device around which feedback is applied. Baxandall showed that, although feedback converts low-order products to high-order products, the feedback still acts to reduce the overall distortion.
Mike Pappas in Robinson's listening room with one of his incredible jazz recordings on DSD Magneto-Optical DSD master discs, in front of the Genex 8 channel DSD recorder/playback unit, October 2001. Needless to say, DSD master discs in the listening room was an exceptional treat, and showed me once again the magnificent potential of this format, properly handled.
Pappas: But if feedback multiplies the order of harmonics to infinity, how can it reduce products at infinite frequency? It sounds to me like the old kill one and two take its place routine.
Frankland: It doesn't quite work that way. As we apply more and more feedback, the low-order products will approach zero. The recirculation products will then converge to zero. At that point, there will be vanishing products left to intermodulate.
Pappas: But how do we know when high-order products are small enough to be inaudible?
Frankland: Let's make this practical. If feedback can be made to reduce the recirculation products to a level below that of the open-loop amplifier, then I would say that feedback's job is finished. This, I think, is a key criterion for any feedback amp.
Pappas: It sounds to me like you're saying we need to use more feedback, not less? Didn't the transistor guys try that once during the specs wars?
Frankland: They did, but if you recall they only told us the distortion at 1kHz, or with the amp driving 8-ohm power resistors!
Pappas: Why, then, do so many designers argue for smaller amounts of feedback?
Frankland: Applying small amounts of feedback is actually the worst case. The feedback, in this case, will create recirculation products but will be insufficient to reduce them.
Pappas: But won't more feedback cause TIM problems?
Frankland: TIM will not be an issue so long as the stage receiving the feedback does not overload with a worst-case feedback signal. It's just that simple.
Pappas: How do you define a worst-case feedback signal?
Frankland: The worst-case feedback signal will always be less than or equal to twice the level of the amplifier input sensitivity. This was explained by Garde and Cherry in the late '70s. This margin against overload is not difficult to achieve with tubes. Again, the problem is not feedback, it is inadequate headroom in the feedback receiving stage.
Pappas: So what's to prevent us from applying more feedback?
Frankland: Unfortunately, small amounts of feedback are all we can get with conventional tube amps, due to limited open-loop bandwidth. This limited bandwidth creates phase shift near the audio band, which forces us to limit the feedback. If we fail to do this, the amplifier becomes unstable.
Pappas: How does phase shift affect stability?
Frankland: To be effective, feedback must track the input signal inversely. At some high frequency the feedback will accumulate 180° of phase shift and will "uninvert." We are forced to reduce the amplitude of the feedback to unity at this frequency, otherwise we risk oscillation.
Pappas: What can be done about this?
Frankland: There are three solutions to this problem. Two of these solutions are fantasies, but they best illustrate my point.
Pappas: I'm all ears.
Frankland: The first solution is to create a distortionless open-loop amplifier. In such an amp there will be no harmonics to intermodulate, and therefore no harmonic multiplication when feedback is applied. This fact alone should give us pause to rethink feedback as not inherently flawed.
Pappas: I think I'm beginning to see what you mean.
Frankland: What seems to get lost in the feedback debate is this one critical fact: harmonic multiplication occurs only when feedback is applied around a nonlinear circuit. The more linear the open-loop circuit, the more blameless the feedback.
Pappas: So we should really be faulting the active device—with its limited bandwidth and nonlinear gain—rather than the feedback.
Frankland: Feedback is nothing more than a path by which the audio signal communicates with itself. This path is not the fault, the fault is the amplifier itself.
Pappas: And what is the second solution?
Scott Frankland enjoys a glass of wine at a Positive Feedback dinner, VSAC 2001 (fresco by Robinson)
Frankland: The second solution is to design an amplifier with infinite bandwidth. Infinite bandwidth means no roll-off and therefore no phase shift. This allows us to apply infinite feedback (assuming infinite open-loop gain). Applying infinite feedback will reduce, to an infinitesimal level, all distortion products, including multiplicative products.
Thirdly, we can design real-world circuits with less dependence on feedback. This places a burden on the designer to use techniques optimized for linearity. This is one of the hottest trends in tube audio today. Most of these techniques will be expensive and inefficient, such as class-A circuits; mu-followers; current-sources; choke-loads; etc. But what else can we do? The first two solutions, after all, are impossible. The third solution is the only practical one.
Pappas: But if good, linear circuits can be designed without feedback, why use it at all?
Frankland: Strange, isn't it? It's like at the bank. The more we need a loan, the less likely we are to get one. It's the same with feedback. The more we need it, the less likely it'll do us any good. But even linear circuits can benefit from feedback, because feedback improves damping.
Pappas: So how do we obtain damping if we don't use feedback?
Frankland: The price for more damping is more tubes. Without feedback, damping will be marginal at best unless several tubes are paralleled in the output stage. Each time we double the number of tubes in parallel, the internal amplifier impedance is cut in half. What I've done in the V8 is to use enough output tubes in parallel so that damping is adequate without feedback.
Pappas: So where does that leave the typical tube amp? The vast majority of tube amps use only one or two output tubes.
Frankland: The Achilles heel of the typical tube amp is the output transformer. Even the best transformers don't provide adequate bandwidth for sufficient feedback. By sufficient, I mean sufficient to reduce all high-order products (caused by recirculation) below the level of the open-loop amplifier. Using small amounts of feedback is not an option since this will produce more high-order distortion than we get open-loop!
Pappas: So what I hear you saying is that there is just no way to increase feedback in a conventional tube circuit.
Frankland: I'm saying that it's extremely difficult to apply sufficient feedback in a conventional tube amp. To get sufficient feedback I think we have to turn to unconventional tube circuits—circuits with wide open-loop bandwidth. Sufficient bandwidth will support sufficient feedback. A very linear OTL might allow this; or a cathode-follower amp. A conventional tube amp with multiple feedback loops might also allow the use of sufficient feedback.
Pappas: So where does that leave us in the feedback wars?
Frankland: To make progress with conventional tube circuits, our best option may well be to eliminate loop feedback. To use feedback effectively, we need open-loop circuits that are not only wideband, but very linear. This puts the burden on the open-loop design rather than on the feedback.
Pappas: Multiple output tubes would seem to be the way to go in zero-feedback amps. Why don't more designers do this?
Frankland: Because they are more concerned with simplicity; parts count; or economy, would be my guess. By so choosing, they become less concerned about damping.
Pappas: What are some of the problems designers face in using multiple output tubes?
Frankland: I would cite the article on paralleling tubes in Glass Audio Vol. 12, No. 5. The author's explain what's needed to get tubes "in synch." Another snag is input capacitance. Every tube has an input capacitance that becomes additive when we parallel tubes. This problem is especially marked in triodes. Every time we double the number of tubes, we also double the input capacitance. High input capacitance not only rolls off the top end, it also loads down the driver at high frequencies.
Pappas: Is there any way around this?
Frankland: A conventional driver circuit can handle this job, up to a point. But if we want to use multiple triodes in parallel, we face high input capacitance. In the V8, I place a small power tube, a 12GN7, between the driver stage and each output tube. The 12GN7's provide more than enough current to drive the triode input capacitance. I call these auxiliary power tubes "grid superchargers."
Pappas: Is that the gist of your patent?
Frankland: It's one aspect of it. My patent has a number of claims, but there is really only one key idea, which is to set up a one-to-one correspondence among the output tubes and the "superchargers."
Pappas: This is like taking the twin-turbo idea to the extreme of one turbo per cylinder.
Frankland: As a matter of fact it was this explicit one-to-one correspondence that allowed me to push the idea through the patent examiner. What finally convinced him is that this solution permits an indefinitely powerful high-fidelity triode amplifier.
Pappas: Indefinitely powerful?
Frankland: Yes, because the power potential is open-ended. Basically I can go on adding as many tubes in parallel as I choose. There is no penalty due to additive input capacitance. I can build a 5000W triode amp using EL34's with no loss of bandwidth and no increase of high-frequency distortion. That's the gist of my patent.
Frankland in the Wavestream/Cardas/Von Schweikert/Hovland room at VSAC, 2001; sources were the Genex DSD 8-channel recorder/playback unit using Mike Pappas master DSD discs, and a Sony SCD-1
Pappas: Impressive. I think I already know the answer to this next question, but why don't more manufacturer's publish their high-frequency distortion figures?
Frankland: Because it would be too embarrassing.
Pappas: Ouch!
Frankland: But if you ask them why not, they'll just respond with something like: "Specs are not a reliable indicator of what we hear."
Pappas: Do you think specs will ever be reliable?
Frankland: Let me put it this way. A lot of our cheap consumer hi-fi equipment has improved over the years as a result of toughening the specs. Manufacturers don't sit around tweaking car radios and rack systems, changing this wire or that capacitor, and yet consumer audio gets better sounding each year. What's happening is that this equipment is being built to a tougher spec. Not just low THD, but low THD across the audio band.
Pappas: IC's seem to be getting better, too.
Frankland: Without question. Just look at the success of the 47 Labs' stuff. Or the Black Cube. With IC's, the same rule applies: if we can improve the open-loop design, the IC will sound better when we apply feedback.
Pappas: Do you think amplifiers will always sound different?
Frankland: You know, there may well be a perfect (or near-perfect) amp available right now. But I don't think it would ever be accepted as such, because there is no perfect loudspeaker by which to confirm it! We have this wild card called amp/speaker synergy. So long as loudspeakers remain imperfect, the perfect amplifier will take a back seat to a more synergistic amp if the synergy makes our speakers sound better.
Pappas: So you don't think amplifiers will one day all sound the same?
Frankland: Given a high enough standard for our specs, I don't see why not, but I doubt it will happen anytime soon. One problem is power wars. Everybody wants to show how powerful their amps are, yet the manufacturers aren't willing to disclose what happens to their amps under adverse conditions.
Pappas: How do you define "adverse conditions"?
Frankland: When a speaker passes through its impedance minimum, the amplifier should deliver current without loading down. This means keeping some power in reserve. This reserve power doesn't show up in the rated power spec. It only shows up under duress.
Left to right: PF's Rick Gardner, Ian Joel, and Scott Frankland listen to Mike Pappas' DSD recordings in the Wavestream room at VSAC 2001
Pappas: So how do you design reserve power into a tube amp?
Frankland: By tuning the power characteristic curve. This is the curve of power vs. load impedance. For example, instead of designing for maximum power into an 8-ohm resistor, we can design for optimum power into a real loudspeaker. The problem is, which loudspeaker? There is no such thing as a standard loudspeaker.
As a start, we can simply design for an impedance minimum of 4 ohms driven from the 8-ohm tap. That way, if a nominally 8-ohm speaker has a 4-ohm impedance minimum at, say, 100Hz, the amp will not come unglued at 100Hz. It can still deliver clean power. This is a matter of juggling the output transformer impedance. The downside is that it trades off the rated power spec.
Pappas: So if a tube amp is designed without reserve power it's liable to sound markedly different on different speakers?
Frankland: Correct. This is something that goes beyond mere damping. It's an impedance vs. power function as seen through the output transformer. What we need to know is how the amplifier behaves when the load increases and decreases at different frequencies. It's like the torque vs. horsepower curve of an engine at different rpm's. You don't want the torque rolling off before the horsepower kicks in. Anybody who builds engines will provide this information. It's what allows us to match an engine to a car.
Pappas: That seems like pretty basic information.
Frankland: On the other hand, I'm sure a lot of audiophiles won't care at all. They are looking for a more beautiful midrange, for more involvement, or for more goose bumps. They can accept other problems in exchange for what they want. But those of us interested in a more orthodox concept of high fidelity should be concerned.
Pappas: What is your concept of high fidelity?
Frankland: I think the standard concept of high fidelity is very straightforward. High fidelity is the pursuit of replication. We want to hear exactly what was heard in the recording studio or concert hall. It is audio fidelity as opposed to audio impressionism.
If we want to optimize a catalog of records, such as the "Living Stereo" catalog, we can do that. We can become audio impressionists. In this case we are using the "sound" of an amplifier to invert the defects, as it were, of a given recording heard through a given loudspeaker. But that's not high fidelity, it's synergy. We can't get replication by this means.
In the strict sense of high fidelity, an amplifier must not have a "sound." A musical instrument has a sound. The amplifier's job is to replicate that sound. Any "sound" in the amplifier is a residual product. Progress will depend on rooting it out.
The Wavestream room at VSAC 2001: Speakers by Von Schweikert, cables by Cardas, preamplification by Hovland, and amplification by Wavestream, all playing back pure DSD master discs. Scott's EL-34-based V-8 amps are between the speakers. To the right are a pair of Wavestream SET monoblock amps.
Pappas: But is replication really possible?
Frankland: It's approachable. The simple fact is, if we don't have flat 20kHz bandwidth we can't approach a live musical performance. No way. Go stand next to a drum kit and listen to the crash cymbal. The crash cymbal creates an envelope of sound that radiates outward in all directions. It's uncanny. The harmonics just seem to go on forever. That quality is elusive as hell in a hi-fi system.
The only way to get manufacturers to come clean is to insist on knowing the gain ratio at 20kHz. This is easily measured. There is no subjective element here at all. Stating that an amplifier is –1dB at 50kHz looks impressive, but it's really a cop-out. We need to know the loss at 20kHz. Is it 1dB? Half a dB? A quarter? I think it should be less than a quarter—preferably within a tenth.
Now we can hear the correct harmonic relationships out to the limits of our perception. At least potentially. Without a flat bandwidth to 20kHz (at least), there is no such potential. Again, the big bottleneck is the output transformer. The transformer I use in the V8 is less than 0.1dB down at 20kHz. It's also expensive. That's the downside of flat response.
Pappas: As you say, I find that a lot of audiophiles simply don't care about wide bandwidth. It's almost as if they prefer listening to a rolled-off amp.
Frankland: These folks are trying to airbrush the centerfold. The midrange may sound better on many recordings, but this is not replication, it's impressionism. At worst, it's a band-aid for poor design. How can we know if we've got the midrange right if there are no highs?
Pappas: Good point.
Frankland: But extending the bandwidth to encompass our entire range of perception is perilous. There are some physical impediments on the hardware side, and some psychoacoustical impediments on the listener side. This was recognized early on. There were a lot of listening tests done in the '40s by people like Olson, Shorter, and Fletcher. These tests revealed that the average listener would not accept extended bandwidth unless the high-order distortion could be kept within certain limits.
Pappas: So a flat 20-20k bandwidth is really just a start.
Frankland: My view is that an audio amplifier ought to provide clean power across the entire audio spectrum. This means rating the power of an amplifier at 20kHz rather than at 1kHz, as is commonly done. If an amp can't produce clean power at 20kHz, I believe that is cheating the consumer. How else can we be sure that an amp can drive, for example, the Sound Lab's?
Pappas: The usual way is to hook it up and listen.
Frankland: It would be so much simpler if we could just look up the figures and winnow down the final candidates for audition.
Pappas: But that would deprive audiophiles of the joy of the hunt!
Frankland: Personally, I'd rather get it over with so I can sit down and listen to music!
Pappas: So really you are advocating more than just flat response to 20kHz. You are advocating clean power bandwidth across the whole audio spectrum.
Frankland: That is the challenge I present for the coming decade. The movement among tube designers toward greater linearity is a sign that people have grown tired of relativism in audio.
Pappas: Clean power bandwidth is something that tube designers have always struggled with, is it not?
Frankland: It's a huge challenge. With wide bandwidth amplifiers, we create more room for distortion to creep in, and it just gets worse as we go up in frequency. This is basically why I began experimenting with zero-feedback amps. In any well-designed zero-feedback triode amp there is no need to roll off the highs to get the midrange right. The highs are already clean! This rolling of the highs is a compromise that I think we need to get beyond in the tube world. I just hope I can make a small contribution to this effort.
Pappas: Pricing is about 16K per pair, is this correct?
Frankland: That's the projected retail price, yes.
Pappas: You also mentioned a pentode amp that's under development.
Frankland: I plan to offer a Pentode V8 after I decide on 6550's or EL34's for the final product. I have yet to build an EL34 in pentode, however. I won't decide until I finish my experiments with both tubes. So far I've built 6550 V8's in triode, ultralinear, and pentode; both with and without feedback. I want to do the same with the EL34.
Pappas: That's a pretty comprehensive program you've embarked upon.
Frankland: It goes back a ways. The first phase of my comparison of 6550's and EL34's was purely theoretical. It ended with a research paper I published in Glass Audio (11:5, 1999) and V&T News (Dec 1999). This paper looks at the technical debate between RCA and Philips.
The second phase, which is currently in process, is the experimental and listening phase. One aspect of this phase involved my participation in a listening comparison of EL34's. The results were published in Vacuum Tube Valley (#16), in which 14 NOS and current production EL34's were compared. A 6550 shoot-out is also planned.
George Cardas and Scott Frankland, long-time friends, at the PF dinner on the first night of VSAC 2001
Pappas: Do you really think a pentode can compete with a triode for sound quality?
Frankland: Not a pure pentode, no. But if we use the high pentode gain as local feedback, a funny thing happens: the pentode turns into a virtual triode! The feedback shifts the plate curves of the pentode, normally horizontal, into a vertical position. This indicates low internal impedance. With certain pentodes the resulting plate curves can be more linear than a natural triode! That's why I think a pentode has the potential to sound more neutral, although perhaps less "beautiful," than a triode.
Pappas: How about the rest of the system you demo'ed at VSAC? I tried to find information on the VSR speakers with the built in sub-amp but their web site has no information.
Frankland: The speakers are too new to be on the website is my guess. They are Albert Von Schweikert's DB100's (100dB @ 1W/1m). The tweeter is a 1" silk dome using partial horn loading and ferrofluid cooling. There is also an ambience tweeter (adjustable) on the back panel. The midrange is a 6" cast frame with a 72oz magnet. The cone material is Aerogel (a composite of carbon fiber powder, chopped Kevlar fibers, and cellulose binder). The woofers (2) are 8" cast frame with 900W peak power capability. They are loaded into a triple-chamber transmission line with a tuned 20Hz port. There is a built-in 600W amp that takes its signal from the main amp in order to preserve coherence. The dimensions are: 54"H X 12"W X 22"D. Weight is 200lbs each.
Pappas: What was the preamp that you were using?
Frankland: The Hovland HP-100. The cables were all top-of-the-line Cardas (thanks, George!).
Pappas: Why didn't your amp blow-up at VSAC? I noticed you pulling out George's interconnects with the speakers disconnected!
Frankland: I'm a big believer in "idiot-proof" products. A stable design should take idiotic behavior into account (even when the designer is acting like an idiot!). Second, I derate all parts according to a Norton/Thevenin model. The failure mode now becomes worst-case. In the first step, each tube is open-circuited. This allows the DC voltage to rise to its peak maximum. The parts must be rated to withstand this voltage. In the second step, each tube is short-circuited. This allows the DC current to rise to the peak maximum. The parts are also rated to withstand this condition. Those parts that can't be protected in this way are fused.
In other words, if a tube blows up, gets stepped on, or otherwise gives up the ghost, the V8 will not go down in flames. The same goes for signal voltages and currents. If the amp is run without a load, or if the interconnects are pulled out during play, the amp will not go down. The only thing likely to blow up in the V8 is tubes. But this can happen to anybody. In this sense, the V8 is plug-and-play.
Pappas: Why do tubes blow up?
Frankland: Well, they don't actually blow up, they just arc-over and die.
Pappas: For no good reason?
Frankland: The usual cause is excessive screen voltage.
Pappas: Can anything be can be done about that?
Frankland: Manufacturers can start respecting the limits published in the tube manuals. This respecting of the manuals was common during the golden era.
Pappas: But aren't some brands more rugged than others?
Frankland: True. There is a great variation among tubes in this respect. But there is also a great deal of consistency in the tube manuals with respect to operating voltages. So it's largely empirical. The problem is that if we design our amp with a rugged tube, operating at the edge of its capability, what do we do when that tube is no longer available?
Pappas: It would almost make more sense to design tube amps to operate with the lowest common denominator.
Frankland: There is a fairly simple solution to this dilemma. In the 6550 V8, I include a B+ switch that allows the owner to switch the operating voltage up or down depending on the brand of tube he's using. When the B+ switch is set to a higher position, more power is obtained. If this proves to be stressful for a particular brand of tube, the switch can be turned down. This also gives the owner the option of prolonging his tube life.
Pappas: Considering the state of the economy, that might not be such a bad idea.
Frankland: When I set out to design the V8, I chose output tubes that are cheap and readily available. Tubes, after all, wear out. And when we have sixteen of them to replace, this becomes a real issue.
Pappas: So where does the V8 fit into the brave new world of SET amps?
Frankland: The philosophy behind the V8 is far removed from the single-ended credo, which places a much bigger burden on the loudspeaker. With SET amps we need a speaker that's not only efficient, but also well damped. But that's what makes for choices. I'm simply providing a product for people whose preferences drive them to purchase large, difficult loudspeakers. I'm happy to fill this niche.
Pappas: So when can you ship me a unit for review?
Frankland: Mike, you are first in line as soon as they go into production.
Pappas: Thank you, sir.
Frankland: Not at all. Thank you, sir.


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THE manner in which Wanderers' "second string" comprehensively beat Watford to stroll into the fourth round of the FA Cup suggested everything in the garden was rosy at the Reebok Stadium.
But there was never a dull moment in those heady days when Sam Allardyce's Whites had established themselves as a force in the Premier League and were still flying the flag in the UEFA Cup. And the Vicarage Road tie was played against a backdrop of uncertainty, on and off the pitch.
On the day, Wanderers were a class apart from Watford, who were considered one of the better Championship sides.
Jared Borgetti led the way, scoring his fifth goal since arriving in a £1million deal the previous summer after just 11 minutes.
But the striker, Mexico's all-time leading scorer – had still to start a Premier League game – and he let it be known in no uncertain terms that he was far from happy with the situation.
In fact, he emerged from the away dressing room to confirm that he had asked for showdown talks with Allardyce over his future.
"I'm just waiting for Sam Allardyce to give me a chance to start games in the Premiership," Borgetti said.
"I want to stay in Bolton but this year is the World Cup and I need to be playing.
"Not playing is no good for me. Ten games is nothing, it's not good for me, it's not good for the national team and it's not good for the people of Mexico.
"It would be better if I could stay in Bolton and play, but that might have to change if the gaffer says I will not be playing in the Premiership.
"I need to speak to him and I ask him why I don't. I just need to know."
Former real Madrid star Ivan Campo had also expressed concerns over his situation, and was rumoured to be looking for a return to Spain. But as far as Allardyce was concerned, neither of his so-called "wantaway" stars was going anywhere – unless he received substantial offers.
Big Sam had a lot on his plate at the time.
Furious after hearing his team described as "ugly" by commentator Alan Green – comments that brought a wave of protests from Wanderers' fans – the Bolton boss announced he would not be speaking to BBC Radio Five Live until he received an apology (which Green insisted he would not get!).
And Allardyce reckoned he would receive 100 per cent backing for his boycott from his chairman, Phil Gartside.
But Gartside had much more pressing issues to deal with – fevered speculation that Newcastle were trying to lure his manager to Tyneside.
Graeme Souness's days at St James' Park were numbered and Allardyce was reckoned to be top of their wanted list – 16 months after the man himself had rejected their approach.
This time the Bolton chairman decided to take matters into his own hands, issuing a hands-off message to Newcastle and any other club with designs on Allardyce.
"I've already decided that if Freddy Shepherd (Newcastle chairman) wanted to talk to Sam about the Newcastle job, he would be denied permission," the Reebok chief said.
"I went down that road last time and allowed them to talks, but nothing came of it.
"Now the time isn't right and Sam is too important to the club.
"The only way I would be prepared to consider allowing Sam to leave the club – and he had three years left on his contract – is if the England job came up."
With all that going on – and with a crop of injuries that decimated the squad – it was amazing Wanderers were able to brush Watford aside so comfortably Allardyce reckoned he only had 11 fit senior players at his disposal, but still managed to turn out a team that boasted nine full internationals – five of whom had captained their countries – and two under-21 starlets who were soon to step up to the senior international ranks.
Watford, although themselves weakened by suspensions, might have been encouraged. But, on reflection, they never had a prayer.
The likes of Borgetti, Hidetoshi Nakata, Khalilou Fadiga and Jay Jay Okocha – all struggling at the time to live up to Premier League expectations – answered the call to arms in a manner that overwhelmed Adrian Boothroyd's high-flying Hornets.
"Ugly football" Wanderers didn't commit a foul for 41 minutes because they didn't have to. They got the ball, kept it and moved it slickly and precisely and all Watford could do was chase.
Amazingly they managed to keep the half-time deficit down to two – a couple of nice strikes by Borgetti and Stelios – but only by way of an offside strategy that caused Wanderers a certain frustration, notably when Ricardo Vaz Te had a goal mysteriously disallowed.
But the game was up and, once their spirited start to the second half had fizzled out, the Hornets were pushed onto the back foot again.
Vaz Te got his reward for another impressive performance when he beat Watford keeper Ben Foster from 25 yards 13 minutes from time for a final scoreline that had a familiar look to it – identical to a year earlier when Wanderers – again without a raft of first-teamers – showed their Premier League class at Ipswich who were top of the Championship at the time.
The Bolton fans chanted "Easy, easy" – not so much in disrespect to Watford as in acknowledgment of their own team's overwhelming superiority.
Allardyce summed it up succinctly.
"The players made it look a lot easier than it was by producing their best," he said.
"The 11 who started did a magnificent job, played to the top of their form against a team that is playing very well in the top reaches of the Championship.
"There was no doubt about the experience of the team I put out.
"Apart from Ricardo Vaz Te and Joey O'Brien, every one has played a huge amount of international games, whatever country they have played in, throughout Europe and the world.
"And a lot of them have actually captained their international teams – Jay Jay Okocha, Jared Borgetti, Hide Nakata, Khalilou Fadiga and Ricardo Gardner."
Big Sam even had the luxury of showing he had a sentimental streak, sending on Academy goalkeeper Sam Ashton, as a makeshift striker, for the two added minutes.
It was a fairytale for the boy from Breightmet whose love for Bolton Wanderers is tattooed on his arm.
Whatever else he would do in football, he would definitely remember the day he came on at Vicarage Road for the rest of his life.


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Note: This item is more than seven years old. Please take the publication date into consideration for any date references.
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News Release
Media Contact: TPWD News, firstname.lastname@example.com, 512-389-8030
May 18, 2010
Boating deaths decline in Texas, safety advocates want to keep it that way
AUSTIN — Deaths from boating accidents on Texas public waters decreased last year compared with the year before and Texas game wardens, boater education proponents and others hope to keep the numbers trending downward. The decrease in 2009 came after an unprecedented spike in boating accident deaths in 2008, the highest in more than ten years.
"We don't know for sure what caused the decrease in boating deaths, but we do think two contributing factors are saturation law enforcement and educational outreach," Parrish said.
Statistics compiled by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department show that 207 boating accidents on Texas public waters in 2009 led to 139 injuries and 38 deaths, compared with 272 accidents, 175 injuries and 62 deaths in 2008. Of the fatalities last year, 25 of the deaths occurred in open motorboats. Only one death was attributed to a personal watercraft.
"While we hate that anyone died in a boating accident last year, we are very encouraged to see that the number of deaths fell so dramatically," said Game Warden Maj. Jeff Parrish, the state's marine safety chief. "The trick this year is going to be to keep these numbers down and hopefully see them decrease even more."
Last year, in the course of 192,882 boating compliance vessel checks, game wardens issued 9,705 citations and 9,928 warnings. The most common violation was not having a sufficient number of life vests available. Wardens issued 2,488 citations for that offense. Additionally, they arrested 220 persons for boating while intoxicated.
One trend that continues to worry those in marine law enforcement is that most water deaths are connected to one-boat accidents – capsizing, running aground, collisions with fixed or floating objects or falls overboard.
"Staying safe while boating is simple as one, two, three," Parrish said. "First, wear a personal flotation device. The new inflatable jackets are lightweight and comfortable, and they save lives. Second, don't drink and boat. Third, take a boater education course."
Parrish said studies show that taking a boater education course can cut accident rates in half. Even seasoned boaters can benefit from the 6-hour basic course, plus earn possible boat insurance discounts. Last year, 36,014 participants benefited from water safety programs sponsored by TPWD.
On the Net:
- http://tpwd.texas.gov/fishboat/boat/safety/safety_tips/
- http://tpwd.texas.gov/learning/boater_education/
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(5.4.16 i)


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Second Trial of Code Ace Cleared
For Russian computer programmer Sergey Aleynikov, the wheels of justice keep on turning. And turning.
A state judge has ruled that the former Goldman Sachs Group Inc. computer programmer can be prosecuted a second time for the alleged theft of the investment bank's secret computer code.
The decision, made public Tuesday, comes a little over a year after Mr. Aleynikov was released from prison, following the reversal in February...


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MARIN HOUSING ADVOCATES have a point to make.
They say the unruly behavior and comments of some critics of affordable housing plans warrant Gov. Jerry Brown to declare a state of emergency in Marin.
Hardly. Sadly, disruptive behavior from the audience at public meetings is not new to either Brown or Marin.
That doesn't mean it should be condoned, and housing advocates' Civic Center press conference underscores the need to allow both sides to voice their opinions. Neither side should control the public's freedom of speech. Neither side should be made to feel intimidated.
John Young, head of Marin Grassroots and one of the leaders of the push to bring greater social equity in Marin's housing and zoning laws, is right to stand up and tell the public that people of color are "very afraid" to participate in public meetings because of the angry rhetoric.
He and others who appeared at the recent press conference spoke from their hearts. They should be respected.
And so should those who are worried that Marin is opening the door to higher-density housing and over-development — the vast majority of whom are polite, respectful and do let others speak.
To be fair, unruly public meetings are not new to Marin. There are bullies on both sides of the housing debate, whether it's people yelling from the back of a meeting room or name-calling and intolerance exhibited in social-media streams.
The press conference came on the heels of a Marinwood forum led by Supervisor Susan Adams, who was interrupted by boos and catcalls from the audience. One speaker worried that large affordable housing plans would create a "ghetto."
The use of that term was unfair and inappropriate.
Housing advocates are asking the governor to step in to stop what they called a "lynch mob" mentality.
It's a broad swipe to paint housing critics with that label, just as it was to claim their opinions are "racist."
Consider Marin voters' record. In 1996, Marin voters offered the strongest showing in rejecting Proposition 209, which attacked public universities' affirmative action program. Marin voters rejected 1994's Proposition 187, which sought to deny public services to undocumented immigrants.
Both measures passed statewide.
Even further, in 2002, 65.6 percent of Marin voters endorsed a state bond measure for building affordable housing.
That's not the voting pattern of a "lynch mob."
Disrespectful behavior at public meetings should not be condoned. Both sides have a Constitution-given right to speak to try to influence others and decisionmakers.
Broad characterizations about "ghettos" and "lynch mobs" and disruptive antics do little to encourage people to participate in a community dialogue.
There's plenty of room and reason for more discussion on housing and growth — fair, open, without intimidation and without a "state of emergency."


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File Your FAFSA
File Your FAFSA Early!
The FAFSA is available to all students on October 1 of each year prior to the start of the academic year. Wright State University's priority filing deadline for 2018-19 is January 8, 2018.
Tip: Apply for an FSA ID before filing your FAFSA. The FSA ID, a username and password, must be used to log in to certain U.S. Department of Education websites (FAFSA.gov, StudentLoans.gov, StudentAid.gov, and NSLDS.ed.gov). Your FSA ID confirms your identity when you access your financial aid information and electronically sign Federal Student Aid documents. If you do not already have an FSA ID, you can create one at https://fsaid.ed.gov/
On this page:
- Overview
- FAFSA on the Web
- Student Aid Report (SAR)
- FAFSA Corrections
- FAFSA IRS Data Retrieval Tool
- Federal Student Aid Contact Information
Completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is the first step in applying for federal student aid. Most states and schools also use the results of your FAFSA to determine your eligibility for state and institutional scholarship and grant programs. You must file the FAFSA annually to apply for:
- Federal grants
- Federal student loans
- Federal parent loans
- Work (Federal Work-Study)
List Wright State on Your FAFSA. Wright State University's Title IV School Code is 003078.
It is not recommended you pay an agency to file the FAFSA for you. The application is free and there are many resources, such as Wright State University, your guidance counselor, and the U.S. Department of Education, available to assist you.
Don't Forget! You must also apply for admission to Wright State University. Only students admitted to Wright State University in a financial aid eligible program of study can receive federal student aid. Likewise, students must meet general eligibility requirements for federal student aid, such as Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) requirements.
FAFSA on the Web
FAFSA on the Web (FOTW) is the U.S. Department of Education's online version of the FAFSA. FOTW is the fastest and easiest way to apply. It will check for errors and inconsistencies while you're filling it out, so those mistakes can be fixed before the application is processed. You can also use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool to complete or correct your tax information. Wright State University strongly encourages you to use FOTW to file your FAFSA.
Apply Early
Some federal aid is limited in funding, so don't put off applying. The FAFSA is available every year on October 1 (starting with the 2017-18 academic year) prior to the start of the academic year. Wright State University has a FAFSA priority deadline. This deadline is for campus-based aid programs, such as the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant and Federal Work-Study. If you miss Wright State University's FAFSA priority deadline date you can still apply for federal student aid. Three of the largest federal student aid programs, the Federal Pell Grant, Federal Direct Subsidized/Unsubsidized Loans and the Federal Direct Parent PLUS Loan, can still be awarded at Wright State if the FAFSA priority deadline date is not met.
Read the Instructions and Answer YES to All Types of Aid
Many questions on the FAFSA are straightforward, like your Social Security Number. But many questions are asked specifically for purposes of student financial aid. Common words like "household," "investments," and even "parent" may have special meaning. Read all instructions carefully. The FAFSA will ask the applicant what types of aid he or she may be interested in, such as work and loans. Indicate you are interested in all of them. The will ensure you are considered for all types of aid when schools determine your financial aid awards.
FAFSA IRS Data Retrieval Tool
NOTE: The IRS Data Retrieval Tool is currently unavailable for 2017-2018. You will need to use a copy of your 2015 federal tax return to complete the FAFSA.
The FAFSA will ask for data from your federal income tax return. The easiest way to complete your FAFSA with accurate tax information is by using the FAFSA IRS Data Retrieval Tool when filing your FAFSA online. If you have not filed your tax return, you can still file the FAFSA but you must provide estimated income tax data. Once you have filed your tax return, you can use the FAFSA IRS Data Retrieval Tool to enter your correct tax information! If you or your family has unusual circumstances (such as loss employment or extraordinary expenses), submit your FAFSA with the data requested, then contact RaiderConnect for additional information or visit our FAFSA Adjustment page or Cost of Attendance Adjustment page.
Sign Electronically with a FSA ID
To electronically sign your FAFSA, you must apply for a FSA ID. Providing a valid email address is strongly encouraged. Your FSA ID serves as your electronic signature on FOTW and my be useful for other purposes later. If parents must provide information on the FAFSA, then one parent should apply for his or her own FSA ID as well. If you (or your parent) are unable to use an FSA ID to sign the FAFSA electronically, you will have to provide your signature (or your parent's signature) on a paper called a signature page. FOTW gives instructions on printing, signing, and mailing the signature page.
Note: Parents without a social security number are unable to obtain an FSA ID. A signature on paper will be required to sign the FAFSA. For more information, follow the instructions given on FOTW.
Keep Copies for Your Records
As for any application process, it is extremely important to keep copies for your own records. Not only of the application but of the documents used to complete the application, like your tax return. This can make responding to any requests for additional information easier and help avoid any delays in the financial aid process.
Student Aid Report (SAR)
Once you file your FAFSA, the U.S. Department of Education's Central Processing System will process the application and send you a Student Aid Report (SAR). The SAR is not an Award Notice. The Student Aid Report contains a summary of the information you provided on the FAFSA. It also tells you whether or not you are eligible for a Federal Pell Grant. Check all of the information on your SAR carefully and if you need to you can correct your FAFSA. The SAR information will be sent to every school you listed on the FAFSA. Schools use the SAR information to determine your federal student aid eligibility.
FAFSA Corrections
After you file your FAFSA, you may need to make additional changes or corrections to the data you entered. Common corrections include:
- Adding a school
- Using the FAFSA IRS Data Retrieval Tool to update tax information
- Manually updating tax information
Corrections to your FAFSA can be made online at FAFSA on the Web (FOTW) and require you confirm corrections with your FSA ID.
FAFSA IRS Data Retrieval Tool
NOTE: The IRS Data Retrieval Tool is currently unavailable for 2017-2018. You will need to use a copy of your 2015 federal tax return to complete the FAFSA. If you need to provide tax information to complete verification, you must request a Tax Return Transcript from the IRS.
The FAFSA IRS Data Retrieval Tool will allow you to transfer your tax record directly from the IRS to the FAFSA. Tax filers who submitted their federal tax return electronically to the IRS should be able to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool within 1-2 weeks after their tax returns were filed. Tax filers who mailed a paper tax return the the IRS should be able to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool within 6-8 weeks after their tax returns were filed.
The IRS Data Retrieval Tool can be used at the time you file your FAFSA or after you have filed your FAFSA as a FAFSA correction.
If you've already filed your FAFSA, go to the FAFSA website at fafsa.ed.gov to use FAFSA's IRS Data Retrieval Tool!
- Select "Start Here."
- Login to the FAFSA website using the student's information.
- Select "Make FAFSA Corrections" for the appropriate aid year.
- Enter the student's FSA ID and password.
- Select the "Financial Information" tab from the menu bar at the top of the FAFSA Web page.
- If you would like to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool to transfer parent tax information to the FAFSA, select Already Completed for the question which reads: "Have your parents completed their IRS income tax return or another tax return?"
- A series of questions will appear one at a time:
- Did you, the parent, file a Puerto Rican or foreign tax return?
- Did you, the parent, file a Form 1040X amended tax return?
- If you, the parent filed a Form 1040X Amended US Individual Income Tax Return, select Yes, otherwise select No. The form 1040X is used to correct your original filed return. You are not eligible to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool if you amended your federal tax return
- A box will prompt the parent to enter their FSA ID and Click the Link to IRS button.
- A notification will indicate that your are leaving the FAFSA site, click OK.
- IRS.gov will display a box (...site is for authorized use...), click OK.
- Confirm and/or enter demographic information and click submit.
- A summary of tax information will display along with two options. Click on the radio button beneath Transfer My Tax Information into the FAFSA, then click Transfer Now.
- After successful transfer, the FAFSA application will display a message indicating you have successfully saved your information.
- Select the Sign and Submit tab at the top of the page. A summary of changes will be displayed. Review for accuracy. Both the parent and student's FSA ID number are required to complete the correction.
- If you would like to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool to transfer student tax information to the FAFSA, proceed to the student financial information section on the FAFSA website. Select "Already Completed" for the question which reads: "Have you (the student) completed your IRS income tax return or another tax return?"
- A series of questions will appear one at a time:
- If you would like to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool to transfer student tax information to the FAFSA, proceed to the student financial information section on the FAFSA website. Select Already Completed for the question that reads: "Have you (the student) completed your IRS income tax return or another tax return?"
- Follow the above instructions used to transfer parent data.
Prefer following along with a video rather than reading? Press play on the video below provided by our colleagues at the University of California - Santa Barbara.
Federal Student Aid Contact Information
Federal Student Aid Information Center
Phone: (319) 337-5665
Toll Free: 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243)
If you are hearing impaired and have questions, please contact the TTY line at 1-800-730-8913.
Web: https://studentaid.ed.gov


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Topic: Port pain?
Hi all - I did a search through the forum and couldn't find any answers to my question, so here goes:
I had a port installed in my right chest abut 5-6 weeks ago. Since then I've undergone 3 chemo treatments. I have not had a problem with any of that. But just this week, my week off from chemo, the area above the port where the catheter is, has been sore. It feels tender like as if I had a bruise there.
Has anyone experienced anything similar? I wouldn't be too worried about it, but it doesn't seem to be going away.


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And, of course, the fine print:
Get free shipping on your next order when you spend over $100. The discount will be automatically applied to your purchase; no promo code required. The subtotal of your purchase must be $100.01 or greater after any promotional discounts have been applied. Additional fees such as tax or shipping and handling do not apply toward your minimum subtotal requirement of $100.01. Offer applies to standard shipping only. Certain items that require additional shipping and handling are excluded from this promotion and do not apply towards your $100.01 subtotal minimum. Offer subject to change.
The Portland Stag is pictured in his luminous glory on this poster-style art print. An original photograph is accented with a single red heart balloon—a striking sight within the urban landscape. Digitally printed on recycled kraft chipboard, it's ready to frame, or hang as is, and show your love for Chicago.
This product ships from the maker within 3 days, via USPS
If you're not happy with this item for any reason, you may return it for a full refund within 14 days.


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Black Hills Plastic Surgery is proud to say we have become one of the area's most respected surgical resources. Respected not just for our leadership in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery, but for our attention to one-on-one personal care.
Monday through Thursday 8:30am - 5:00pm Friday 8:00am to 12:00pm
Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery
Dr. Robert Schutz can assist you with most cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. In addition to these, the practice offers a wide range of skin care services including the Obagi, Physicians Choice and Biomedic lines of (skin care) products. We also provide Microdermabrasion, Blue Peels, TCA Peels and Botox and Juvederm Injections are offered. Tattoo removal is done with infrared coagulation. Permanent makeup is available. Please call one of our friendly clinical specialists for more information on any of these services or to schedule a consultation.
Black Hills Plastic Surgery offers an on-site, fully accredited, out-patient surgery center for your privacy and convenience.
- Northern State College - Aberdeen, SD
- Medical School: Creighton University Omaha, NE 1982 - 1986
- General Surgery: University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 1991
- Plastic Surgery: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 1993
- American Board of Plastic Surgery 1995
- American Board of General Surgery 1992
- American Society of Plastic Surgeons
- American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
- American College of Surgeons
- American Medical Association
- South Dakota Medical Society
- Midwestern Association of Plastic Surgeons
- Plastic Surgical Center of Rapid City, Rapid City, South Dakota
- Rapid City Regional Hospital - Rapid City, South Dakota
- Same Day Surgery Center - Rapid City, South Dakota


text:
A Game that ChargesRiddles are little poems or phrases that pose a question that needs answering. Riddles frequently rhyme, but this is not a requirement.
I turn hot at the color red
If you don't get out of the way, you'll soon be dead
But if you hit me square in the eye, you'll have won
Can you guess what I am, before you're done?
Hintthink games...
Answera bulls eye
What Next?
See another brain teaser just like this one...
Or, just get a random brain teaser
If you become a registered user you can vote on this riddle, keep track of
which ones you have seen, and even make your own.
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