text:
The Role of FGF23 and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Chronic Kidney Disease
The recruitment status of this study is unknown. The completion date has passed and the status has not been verified in more than two years.
Verified March 2011 by Ankara Education and Research Hospital.
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
Ankara Education and Research Hospital
Information provided by:
Ankara Education and Research Hospital
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: March 16, 2011
Last updated: NA
Last verified: March 2011
History: No changes posted
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
In chronic kidney disease calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) metabolism disorders are very common and also they are one of the leading causes of morbidity in these population. FGF23 is a novel factor that contributes Ca-P disorders. It has been hypothesized that FGF 23 increase is mediated by asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). The aim of the study is to evaluate this hypothesis.
|Metabolic Diseases Chronic Kidney Disease
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Cohort
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Kidney Diseases Metabolic DisordersU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Ankara Education and Research Hospital:
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|March 2011
Group I
Stage 2 Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
Group II
Stage 3 Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
Group III
Stage 4 Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 65 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Study Population
Stage 2-4 Non-diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease patients
Inclusion Criteria:
- between ages of 18 - 65 years old
- chronic kidney disease of stage 2-4
Exclusion Criteria:
- presence of diabetes mellitus or ischemic hearth disease
- taking vitamin d therapy
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01317186
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01317186
|Ankara Education and Research Hospital
|Ankara, Turkey
|Contact: Alper AZAK firstname.lastname@example.com
|Contact: Bülent Huddam firstname.lastname@example.com
|Sub-Investigator: Bülent Huddam
Sponsors and Collaborators
Ankara Education and Research Hospital
More Information
Keywords provided by Ankara Education and Research Hospital:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|Bülent Huddam, Ankara Education and Research Hospital
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01317186 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|March 16, 2011
|Last Updated:
|March 16, 2011
Keywords provided by Ankara Education and Research Hospital:
chronic kidney disease
Ca-P metabolism disorder
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Kidney Diseases
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Metabolic Diseases
Urologic Diseases
Renal Insufficiency
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


text:
And, of course, the fine print:
Get free shipping on your next order when you spend over $100. The discount will be automatically applied to your purchase; no promo code required. The subtotal of your purchase must be $100.01 or greater after any promotional discounts have been applied. Additional fees such as tax or shipping and handling do not apply toward your minimum subtotal requirement of $100.01. Offer applies to standard shipping only. Certain items that require additional shipping and handling are excluded from this promotion and do not apply towards your $100.01 subtotal minimum. Offer subject to change.
Display the fruits of your garden in this beautiful wire basket on your dining table. Handmade with annealed steel wire, it's carefully braided to form a sphere and make a statement no matter where you put it in your kitchen.
- Annealed Steel Wire
- Measures 7.5'' x 3.5''
- Size and shape may vary slightly due to its handmade nature
This product ships from the maker within 5 days, via USPS
If you're not happy with this item for any reason, you may return it for a full refund within 14 days.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ikea always has the best deals on duvet sets, and this is no exception!
This is the "Vildris" duvet set which means tons-O-fabric for $9.99!
Its gotta be at least 5 yards of fabric plus of course 2 pillow cases!
This one set can easily back two large quilts then add the pillow cases to my stash.
If you live near an Ikea and you love fabric, check it out!
What's your favorite thing about Ikea?


text:
Primary Care Procedures: Trephination of Subungual Hematoma
Primary Care Procedures: Trephination of Subungual Hematoma
Subungual hematoma is a fairly common condition. The severe pain that results, caused by the buildup of pressure in a closed space, persists for days if the condition is not treated. However, the blood under the nail can be easily removed—and the pain almost completely relieved—by timely nail trephination. Here I describe techniques that have worked well in my practice.
Figure 1 – The subungual hematoma on this patient's left thumb would be classed as complex, on account of the damage to the cuticle. (Courtesy of Alexander K. C. Leung, MD)
Subungual hematomas may be simple or complex. Complex hematomas are accompanied by a fracture, nail base dislocation, tissue loss, or skin laceration (Figure 1). Simple hematomas are characterized by an intact nail and nail margins with no other associated injury.1
Although most subungual hematomas that appear simple are not accompanied by fracture, it is usually wise to obtain radiographs to be sure. However, some authorities suggest that radiographs are unnecessary in patients who exhibit no worrisome findings after the hematoma is drained.2
When a sudden darkening appears beneath a nail following an injury, the diagnosis of subungual hematoma is fairly straightforward. If the patient has no history of significant trauma, consider other conditions that may have a similar appearance, such as subungual melanoma, subungual nevus, and Kaposi sarcoma.1
Nail trephination can be successfully performed up to 36 hours after injury—and possibly even later—because the blood under the nail will not coagulate during this period.3 An underlying fracture is not considered a contraindication to nail trephination.3
Before drainage, prepare the nail with povidone-iodine solution or alcohol. If the only procedure to be performed is trephination, local anesthesia is generally not necessary.
Some authorities have recommended removing the nail plate and repairing the nail bed for subungual hematomas that involve more than 50% of the nail. Because nail bed repair is difficult at best, and because the nail itself acts as an anatomical splint, this recommendation seems to add risk and pain with little benefit. Better data support the less invasive approach.1 If the nail base is dislocated, however, as is often the case when a crush injury involves a tuft fracture, I do remove the nail and repair the bed.
Figure 2 – An electrocautery unit such as this may be used to drain a subungual hematoma by melting a hole in the nail.
There are a variety of drainage methods. One of the techniques most commonly taught to new practitioners is to employ heat to melt a hole in the nail. A heated paper-clip tip or a portable medical electrocautery unit may be used (Figure 2).3 Some clinicians feel that trephination accomplished through the use of heat is more painful than other methods. There is also a possibility that the heat will cause the blood to coagulate and thus limit drainage. However, I have not found this to be a problem.
At least 2 medical devices for draining subungual hematomas quickly and painlessly—and without heat—have been described. The first is a medical drill (PathFormer).4 Although I have no experience with this device, it is reported to be quite effective and painless. The second device, a carbon-dioxide laser, has also been used to drain subungual hematomas without pain.2 This might be a good choice for a dermatologist or primary care provider who already has one in the office. Despite their advantages, the cost of both these devices would likely be an obstacle.


text:
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison are working to help dairy farms reduce their greenhouse gas emissions though studies looking at what animals eat, how their waste is handled and the effects on soil, water and air.
According to the Australian Associated Press, the work of these researchers is part of a government-sponsored effort to help dairy farmers reduce their carbon footprint and assist them in adapting to more extreme weather.
In addition, the Innovation Center of U.S. Dairy is developing a computer program that producers can use to compare their water consumption, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions to the national average.
See, "Scientists help farmers make dairies green."
The dairy industry has already made major progress in reducing its carbon footprint. Read more.
Internationally recognized air quality expert Frank Mitloehner told those attending the Vita Plus Dairy Summit last month that the industry has made impressive strives in reducing dairy's impact on the environment.
"The carbon footprint of a glass of milk is two-thirds smaller today than it was 70 years ago," he said.
Help on the heels of national media blaming cows for the bulk of the country's greenhouse gas emissions. Mitloehner warned that it's time for those in the industry to reach out to the media and general bulic.
"If they don't hear from you, they will hear from PETA" and other activist groups, Mitloehner said. "I really think you have to step forward and meet that challenge of telling people where their food comes from."
Click here to read, "Greenhouse gas: Another reason to connect with consumers."
An ambitious five-year, $10 million USDA-funded effort to identify dairy production practices that minimize greenhouse gas emission, d by officials at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and involves researchers and extension staff from seven universities, five federal labs of the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Energy and the checkoff-funded Innovation Center for U.S. Dairy, was announced in June 2013.


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Midwifery Today Conference
"Reclaiming the Joy of Midwifery and Birth"
Copenhagen, Denmark • 2005
I've been extremely inspired and I'll be going back to work with renewed energy. Every midwife should do this at least, at least, once a year. Thank you for all the inspiring energy!! I feel very privileged to have attended this conference.
Denmark 2005 attendee
I enjoyed the fellowship and the shared concern held by the midwives present at the conference. As midwives, in spite of our different cultures, we all have one common goal, to return the normal birthing of women to the midwife.
Denmark 2005 attendee
Dear Midwifery Today, I really want to thank you for the congress in Denmark. It gives me a lot of inspiration, hope and force to change things in my little country.
Hilde Curinckx, Belgium, Attendee at the Denmark 2005 Midwifery Today Conference
I absolutely loved the 5 days I've been here. I've genuinely learnt new things, reaffirmed things I knew to be true and absorbed so much inner knowledge. Thank you for making me a better midwife!
Denmark 2005 attendee
Thank you for a very inspiring time. I go from here thinking, "When is my next shift, when am I going to work again?" And it's been a long time since I've been thinking that way.
Denmark 2005 attendee
Read more conference testimonials.


text:
Kneeling in the stables at the National Western Complex near a white horse with a red hand print stamped on its hindquarter, a 9-year-old boy dressed as a Native American focuses on twirling a whip.
Nicolas Diaz was preparing for his first solo performance in his father's Mexican Rodeo Extravaganza, held this year for the 19th time at the 107th National Western Stock Show.
"It's called the Indian Act," Nicolas said. He wore a long, black, braided wig with a leather headband and a feather sticking out the back, and had three red and white stripes painted on each of his cheeks. "This is the first time we've ever done anything like this."
Nicolas lives in New Braunfels, Texas, with his mother Staci Diaz and his father Gerardo "Jerry" Diaz, the creator, star act and producer of the Mexican heritage rodeo.
In previous shows, Nicolas has ridden along with his father in the Charro Act, where men dress as 17th century Mexican horse soldiers with giant sombreros and do rope tricks and stunts while standing or riding on their horses.
This year, the boy is all alone in the ring.
"I'm really excited," Nicolas enthused. "The first part is a specialty act where the horse does tricks like sitting and laying down, and then there's a liberty act where the horse is loose, acting wild, and I capture him."
"Catrin" is Nicolas' fully grown Appaloosa that he has been riding "since he was in his mother's belly," Jerry Diaz said.
To prepare for the routine, Nicolas and Catrin practiced for about two months under the supervision of his parents, he said.
Nicolas' debut performance at the stock show is just the beginning of a whole season of rodeos the family will be in this year. As he gets older, Nicolas' acts will be more challenging, and he will eventually take the reins on the whole show.
"My dad wants me to do it after him," Diaz said. He said he fully intends to keep the family tradition alive.
"Every year we change things up," said Stacy Diaz. "This year is about showcasing (Nicolas') presentation. He'll always be involved as long as he's in my hands."
The Mexican Rodeo Extravaganza does have some staples. The event features bareback riders, Westernaires, bull riding, folklorico dancers in puffy pastel dresses, and Escaramuza, where women from the Las Amazonas de Colorado team ride side saddle through the arena.
"The show is about a celebration of both American and Mexican cultures," National Western spokesperson Susan Kanode said. "It's about how Mexican heritage relates to Western rodeo."
Megan Mitchell: 303-954-1223, email@example.com or twitter.com/megs_report


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[Page 141]
[Page 143]
Translated by Jerrold Landau For many years its meeting place was located in the home of Nota Goldman. Maccabee had more than 200 active members. It was founded in 1920. Its founders included Aryeh Zisla, Dvora Shoham, Shlomo Ber Meirovich, and Zeev Kirzner. Later, I was appointed as the chairman of the committee, and I dedicated most of my time to physical and spiritual educational activities among the youth. I was assisted in my work by the committee members Avraham Jochovsky, Mordechai Wolfovich, Shlomo Ber, Kirzner, and David Friedman. Moshe Ivensky worked in the spiritual realm. The following groups took place within the meeting place: light athletics, ping pong, basketball, chess, cycling, a choir, a percussion band, and an active dramatic club.
Do you recall the conductor Shlomo Ber? He had a red face, was calm, and had nerves of steel. He is active in the field of music in Vilna to this day.
Recall our basketball players: Meika who was partially mute, Yitzchak Rikless, Levika and Elka Kaper, Berl Segalovsky, Feivel Shapira, Efraim Frakt, Leizka the Gingi [redhead], Meirka Mechnik, Moshe Untershatz, Hershel Levin, the defenseman Motele Yaffa, and Yankel Klibansky.
Hershel Levin, Leibel Stern, and Zelig Epstein formed the members' justice system.
The athletic parties in the halls of the movie theater and the firefighters attracted a large group of youths. Do you recall the party in the firefighters' hall with the participation of Stumpel's jazz band? When Stumpel and Nota were in good spirits from glasses of liquor in the tavern of Nota and his wife, they began to kiss, and Nota bit Stumpel's nose until it bled. Nota's nickname was Chalulim[1].
{Photo page 143: the first group of athletes in Maccabee bidding farewell to Meira Zisla: Tzvi Opnitzky, Avraka Untershatz, Feivka Shapira, Shlomo Drogetzky, Aryeh Zisla, Ezriel Opnitzky, Mendel Dobiansky, X, Shlomo Friedman, X.}
During the time of the Balfour Declaration and on Lag Baomer, Maccabee
[Page 144]
organized demonstrations on the streets of the town with the national flags, and riders on horses and decorated bicycles. They would walk with a show of strength, in the costume of the Maccabee organization, accompanied by Hebrew songs. Similarly, we organized gatherings and lectures on various topics through our own people as well as with the participation of people brought in from Kovno.
The pride of the Maccabee was the dramatic circle under the stage direction of Chone Katzenberg: He was thin, clean shaven, enjoyed to tipple, always with a leather jacket. He was talented as a stage producer. He was assisted by Itzik Dembo in forging the characters of the actors. Our prima donnas were Miriam Nochimovich and Hinda Levitz. To this day, the image of Mirale Efrat, as played by Miriam, is etched in the minds of many. Hershel Wolfovich, Abba Opnitzky, Yosef Chein the wagon driver, Peiska Shachor, Velke Opanik, Reping, Tzipa-Leah Weiner, Shifra Lomiansky, Batya Zandman and others stood out in main roles and in other roles.
Our performances, such as Mirale Efrat, Green Fields, Yoshke Charlatan, the Miser and others were also performed on the stage of Vilkomir [Ukmerge]. Chone Katzenberg ensured that the actors would drink a glass of liquor prior to every performance, which would contribute its share to the success of the performance; and that there would be a party after the performance. Our trainers, such as Chone Katzenberg, Itzik Dembo and Hershel Levin composed verses for our songs, which were heard from the mouths of the youths until the next party.
{The top of page 144 has an article entitled About Hapoel and the Youth, starting in the top half of 144, above the line. After page 144, there is a hiatus in the text, with 16 unnumbered pages of photos. The article and pagination resumes at the end of the photos. I included that article at the end of the unnumbered pages, so as to ensure continuity and not break it by the unnumbered pages.}
[Page 144]
Translated by Jerrold Landau
{Photo page 144: Uncaptioned. Eliahu Kagan.}
[First unnumbered photo page NYPL 219][1]
1. Chaim Moshe Slomin 2. Chana Pesia Glazer 3. Rivka Dembo 4. Yosef Intriligitor 4a. Eidel Burstein 5. Avrum 5a. Sheina Abramson-Antes 6. Alta Rubin 7. Ethel Katz 8. Zlata Rosenberg-Janusovich 9. Alter Monitz 10. Tzila Untershatz 11. Henia Farber 12. Teibl Stein 13. Miriam Merbianski 14. Tzipora Shoham 15. Miriam Burstein 16. Henia Blumberg 17. Chaim Levin 18. Yatkonski from Kovno 19. Nadia Granovich 20. Nota Valchokovsky 21. Hershel Levin 22. Mordechai Itchikovich 23. the teacher Rosenberg 24. Kolbianski 25. Chernovitz 26. Yosef Abramson 27. Leib Wolfovich 28. Leiba Pogirski 29. Shimon Rubin 30. Pesach Shachor 31. Noach Stern 32. Shmuel Goldshmidt 33. Tzvi Yaffa 34. Moshe Fried 35. Moshe Ivensky 36. Shaul Keidanski 37. Dr. G. Ran 38. Lula Vilkomirsky 39. Chana Davidovich 40. Nechama Levin 41. Yitzchak Perevoznik 42. Moshe Sack 43. Shmerl Stern 44. Liber Farber 45. Yonah Katz 46. Menachem Mendel Gorfein 47. Meir Goldshmidt 48. Chaim Goldshmidt 49. Vilkomirsky
[Second unnumbered photo page NYPL 220]
The card for the delegate to the Convention of Zionists in Russia
No. 212
Mr. Yosef Katz
Elected in Aptorka
{Lower photocopy}
The Zionist Organization of Lithuania
The city committee in Jonava
Members Card
No. 2
Zionism. Aspiring to ensure a safe refuge through open justice for the Hebrew nation in the Land of Israel (The Basel Program).
Name: Mr. Yonah Katz
City: Jonava
22 of Tammuz 5686 (July 4, 1926)
Chairman {signature cannot be made out}
Secretary {signature cannot be made out}
The Organization of General Zionists in Jonava
Yitzchak B, Miriam Berzin, Golda Friedman, Malka Untershatz, Grishovich, Shlomo Ber Meirovich, Sanel, Rabiner, Chana Goldshmidt, Perla Lopiansky, Miriam Burstein, Reibstein, Lantzman, X, Charna Goldshmidt, Yonina Gurvich, Anna Gurvich, Bogia Wolfovich, Miriam Levin
{Bottom photo}
With the Maccabee athletes:
Yosef Rikliansky, Yitzchak Dragachki, Dina Perlstein, Yonina Gurvich, Moshe Baron, Lipsha Boz, Chana Shachor, Shoshana Friedman, Rabiner, Lantzman, Chaya Katz, Miriam Berzin, Shlomo Friedman
The Maccabee Football Team of Jonava
Shlomo Friedman, Moshe Untershatz, Yaakov Klibansky, Tzvi Levin, Aryeh Stern, Aryeh Zisla, Micha Mechnik, Meir Zopovich, Yitzhak Nuchimovich, Feivel Shapira, Aber Untershatz, Efraim Prakt
{Bottom Photo}
Shmerl Shapira, D. Friedman, Berl Segalovsky, Y. Klibansky, P. Shapira, Levi Kaper, M. Mechnik, G. Goldshmidt, Efraim Baten, Shoham, Shlomo Silberman, P. Shachor, Y. Nuchimovich, Z. Epstein, B. Shabtai's
Hershel Bankkutsher, Y. Klibansky, L. Kaper, M. Mechnik, B. Segalovsky, Berl Fein, Shaul Milner, P. Shapira, Elka Kaper, Shlomo Friedman.
Zelmanovich, Yaakov Novikhovich, Berka Aiker, Abba Fein
{Bottom photo}
The Maccabee basketball team
[Seventh unnumbered page NYPL 225]
Maccabee parade
The railway bridge to Chigonka
In the background, the Kemach factory and the Girialka factory
{Bottom photo}
The parade on Breizer Street
The group of actors in the play Green Fields (Di Grine Felder by Peretz Hirshbein (in Yiddish)
{Bottom photo}
The actors and members of the Maccabee with the set in the background.:
Y. Nuchimovich, B. Shabtai's, P. Shachor, Vidtzky, Sh. Goldshmidt, Avram, D. Friedman, Efraim Prakt, A. Stern, A. Goldshmidt, B. Segalovsky, Moshe Sulsky.
Yitzchak B., Tz. L. Weiner, Abba Opanitzky, Ivensky, Chone Katzenberg producer, A. Kagan the artist, G. Stern, Z. Opnik, X, N. Goldshmidt;
Shifra Lomiansky, Miriam Nuchimovich}
Yitzchak Gurvich, Shlomo Silberman, Moshe Untershatz, Pesach Shachor, Reping, Tzipa Leah Weiner, Miriam Nuchimovich, Elchanan Katzenberg, Hinda Levitz, Shifra Lomiansky.
{Bottom photo: Four men around a table. The caption is superimposed on the photo and is unclear. It seems to refer to a gathering of the Jonaver chapter of an organization after the slaughter in Wilkomir [Ukmerge].}
The Maccabee committee: David Friedman, Nisan Goldshmidt, Baron, Berl Segalovsky, P. Shachor, Shmuel Goldshmidt, Shlomo Friedman, M. Ivensky, Efraim Prakt, Moshe Baron
{Bottom photo}
Yerachmiel Dobiansky, Bernstein, Z. Epstein, Yosef Grossman, Pinchas Burstein, Yosef Rikliansky, Yerachmiel Blumberg, Ezriel Opnitzky, Yaffa, Morr, Sarka Goldshmidt, Levi Kaper, Reping, Sh. Friedman, Avraham Jochovsky, Y. Klibansky, Moshe Lantzman, Moshe Untershatz, Etka Landman, Tzvi Wolfovich, Tzvi Levin, Hinda Levitz, Shlomo Silberman, Chona Kagan, Yosef Klibansky, Efraim Baten, Michel Mechnik, Avraka Untershatz, Feivel Shapira.
The flags of Hapoel in Jonava at a sporting gathering, 1935.
{Middle Photo}
The leadership of Hapoel at a farewell gathering for A. Sirkin, Passover 1936: Avraham Klotz, Aryeh Perchik, Tz. Perevoznik, Dov Rikless, Elimelech Perchik, Zelig Yudelevich, Tz . Josefs, Aryeh Sirkin, Eliahu Kagan, D. Friedman, Yitzchak Goldman
{Bottom photo}
A regional gathering of Hapoel, Jonava, 1938.
Greenblatt, Tz. Opnitzky, Malka Solsky, Leah Kronick, Chaim Blumberg, Trivish, Golda Sirek, Zev Kirzner, Feiga Klibansky, Baten, Leibel Burstein, Tzipora Klotz, Moshe Ivensky, Vinitzky, Freda Gold-Mines, Tzila Untershatz, Rivka Atkatz, Leizer Levin, Prakt, Yehudit Weiner, Yitzchak B., Riska Grossman, Chana Davidovich, Rivka Sesitzky, Tzvi Resnick, Freda Libertal, Yonah Shaltuper
{Bottom photo}
Hitachdut chapter in Jonava, 20 Iyar 5787 (1927)
Greenblatt, P. Libertal, Mila Shpilansky, Y. Weiner, Nechama Levin, G. Sirek, Shliomovich, Tz. Klotz, Reizel Janusovich, X, L. Kronik, Shaltuper, Davidovich, Gold, Untershatz, Atkatz, Sesitsky, X, Ivensky
On the day we took leave of Ch. Zlonker before he made aliya to the Land, 23 Av {year is unclear}
(Four top people are not identified)
Epstein, Tzipora Klibansky, Tzipora Grossman, Yosef Klibansky, X, X, Baten, Tzipora Shoham, Michael Zlonker, Yaakov Dembo, Alter Monitz
{Bottom photo}
Hitachdut Tzierei Zion in Jonava, 8 Elul 5685 (1925)
Sheina Tzipa Katz, Menashe Lantzman, Shlomo Meirovich, Strum, X, Moshe Klachman, X, Henia Blumberg, Chana Pesia Glazer, Zalman Kurskisik, Elchanal Glaz, Shmuel Kaplan, Alter Sandler, Yitzchak Zlonker, Menashe Weiner, Perchik, Yosef Shoham, Aryeh Stern, Golda Friedman, Yerachmiel Teitelbaum, Levin, Dvora Zlonker, Zelig Stein, Alter Monitz, Mendel Dobiansky, Tzipora Grossman, Hinda Perlstein, Yitzchak Resnick.
The Sirkin Group bids farewell to Tzvi Ulpasky, 1930.
X, Landsman, Reibstein, Strum, X, A. Monitz, X, Heiman, P. Shachor, Naftali Gurvich, Golda Glaz, Yehudit Rikless, Daniel Rikless, Y. Teitelbaum, Strum, Tz. Grossman, X, Tzvi Perevoznik, Miriam Berzin, Dov Rikless, Chaim Teitelbaum, Mordechai Yaffa, X, Zelig Yudelevich, Reizka Friedman, Tzvi, Chaya Portnoy, Mordechai Katz, Rachel Shabtai's, Elimelech Perchik, A. Khasid, V. Abramovich, Rivka Itzkovich, Yaakov Katzav, Yechezkel Kotler, Tzvi Josefs, Avraham Portnoy, Baruch Shabtai's, Yitzchak Nuchimovich
{Bottom photo}
Members of the choir of Chevra Sirkin, including female members of Hashomer Hatzair. The conductor Shlomo Ber Meirovich. Perevoznik, Perlstein, Gans, Yoska (the Schwalb)[2], Monitz, Rikless, Portnoy, N. Gurvich, Opnik, Abramovich, Tzvi Atkatz, Giga Plasker, Lantzman, Tzvia Berzin, Sara Opnik, Miriam Berzin, Malka Klotz, P. Shachor, Kazansky, Chaya Baten, Tz. Glinsky, Shlomo Ber [Meirovich], Sara Baten, Sh. Shachor, Golda Glaz, P. Kazansky, Chaya Portnoy, Dvora Berzin, Tzipora Zandman, Sh. Klibansky, L. Yudelevich
Z. Yudelevich, D. Josefs, Berl Rikless, X, Breznikov, Strum, Heiman, Moshe Wolk, Shanel, Perchik, Reuven Jurman, Ch. P. Glazer, Gurvich, Lantzman, Teitelbaum, Batya Zandman, Zev Kirzner, Moshe Dembo, Sara Friedman, X,
Zuska Atkatz, Z. Abramovich, Y. Dembo, Ch. R. Davidovich, Shimon Sack, Dina Perlstein, D. Rikless, A. Monitz, Avraham Pimstein, Golda Glaz, P. Kazansky, David Friedman, Leibka Perchik, Yehudit Rikless, Yitzchak Goldman
{Bottom photo}
Young Zion Hitachdut chapter in Jonava on the occasion if the aliya of our members Perlstein and Sack. September 1, 1934.
Members of Young Zion and members of Hashomer Hatzair
Berka Rikless, David Friedman, Strum, Yechezkel Kotler, Sara and Chaya Baten, Zev Abramovich, Sara Opnik, Ulpasky, X, Daniel Rikless, Yitzchak Zlonker, Elimelech Perchik.
The consul, Shlomo Ber, Rivka Itzkovich, X, X, Tzvi Perevoznik, Zalman Sesitzky, Moshe Friedman, Strum, Yerachmiel Teitelbaum, Tzipora Grossman, X, Shoshana Friedman, Glaz, Linda, X, X, Miriam Berzin, Leah Lantzman, Rabiner, Izik Reibstein, Alter Khasid, X, Shlomo Gerber, Pinchas Shapira.
Baruch Shabtai's, Baruch Jalinovich, Leah Yudelevich, Sheina Klibansky, Mordechai Yaffa, Yaakov Katzav, X
{Bottom photo}
The mandolin band of Chevrak Sirkin, 1933
Alter Monitz, Rachel Kushilevich, Daniel Rikless, Chana Jalinovich, X, X, Yasha Vilkomirsky, Avraham Portnoy, Mechnik, Yudka Katzenberg, X,
David and Hadassa Friedman, Rivka Kushilevich, Eliahu Baron, Meirovich the conductor, Chaya Portnoy, Aryeh Perchik, Nobichovich, Leah Klibansky, Lantzman, X
[Page 144 resumed]
In 1931, the Hakoach sports club of the Socialist-Zionist Youth (Hanoar Hatzioni-Socialisti) of Lithuania joined the Hapoalim sports movement and changed its name to Hapoel. From that time, Hapoel of Lithuania became an inseparable part of Hapoel in the Land of Israel. Its goal was to enable the community of workers to engage in sports, under the rubric of Eretz Yisrael Haoevedet (Working Land of Israel).
The practical connection with the youth in Lithuania was established after a representative of the Hapoel activists of that time from the Land of Israel came to Lithuania. This was Yosef Carmi (today a senior official in the office of labor in the employment department).
When Y. Carmi came for the duration of one year, the center of Hapoel was set up in Lithuania, and the main branch was strengthened in Kovno. At a later stage, chapters in the outlying cities were established.
The sporting activities were expressed primarily through common sports, football[3], basketball games, volleyball, gymnastics, weightlifting, boxing, swimming, ping-pong, and of course social-cultural activities based on Socialist Zionism. In order to facilitate the broadening of activities, a national course for sports leaders was organized. The writer of these lines, Eliahu Kagan, a native of the town of Jonava, was one of the participants in this course.
After the conclusion of the course, I became one of the activists and organizers of Hapoel in Lithuania, and a member of its center. Through my general activity on behalf of Hapoel in Lithuania, I dedicated some of my time to establish a chapter in Jonava, particularly during the summer, during the university vacation, when I resided in my home in Jonava. My parents lived in that home until their last day, at the beginning of the Second World War and the expulsion of the Jews.
[Page 145]
Jonava, a town close geographically to the capital Kovno, is situated on the banks of the Vylia River. It is a wide river with a swift flowing current, with green meadows and forests on both banks. The beautiful surroundings, the river with strong, tall bridges, the railway line that passes close to the town all bestow the character of natural beauty onto the region.
In Jonava itself there were many carpentry workshops, owned for the most part by Jews. There were also smithies, flourmills, and a significant number of stores and other businesses. The gentiles were primarily occupied with agriculture, cattle farming and fishing. In general, they were calm citizens. The town lived its life serenely and quietly, in full harmony with the beautiful surroundings. The forests of the regions, the green meadows, and the picturesque valley imbued the residents with calmness of the soul, mutual understanding, and orderly communal life.
Jonava was much better known in Lithuania, primarily due to the manufacture of furniture and its being a center of the furniture trade. This was also due to the unique trades related to floating barges along the Vylia and Neiman rivers. This was a unique trade, with family expertise passed from father to son. Its practitioners were known in Yiddish as di vasser menchen, that is to say, the water people. To this day, the echoes of those Jews who floated barges from the thick forests along the Vylia echo in my ears commands issued from one side of the barge to the other side. This work demanded of its practitioners agility, knowledge, and great physical strength. These were simple, strong and brave Jews whose name went before them.
The Jewish youth were raised in this background, and became healthy, vibrant, and developed from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Thanks to the wide river, most of the Jewish youth knew how to swim, dive, and row in boats. This differentiated them from the youth in dry towns.
There were a number of Zionist youth organizations in Jonava as well as a longstanding sporting club called Maccabee, around which gathered primarily the general Zionist and revisionist youth. Most of them were from well-to-do families. Jonava was lacking a sport club that was appropriate for the working circles.
Upon looking back, it seems ridiculous when we mention today the political debates based on differences in outlook that pervaded the rival camps in the Jewish community. There was no shortage of political youth organizations in the Jewish towns of Lithuania, and the political wrangling was intense. Whoever lived during that time in the unique atmosphere of Lithuanian Jewry, Zionist in heart and soul, understands naturally the debates among the Zionist groups of the different factions in the background of the renewal that arrived from the Land of Israel at that time. This was the prime expression of cultural life in the town.
During that era, the Zionist activities of the various factions were overly provincial, but they imbued valuable content into the communal life of the local Jewish youth.
Two sports clubs, Maccabee and Hapoel, operated in this environment.
[Page 146]
I recall the patrons of Hapoel in Jonava: Leibel Stern, Y. Monitz, Daniel Rikless (today in Tel Aviv), Tzipora Grossman (today in Haifa), Yerachmiel Teitelbaum, and me, who had an official position as the representative and member of the Hapoel headquarters.
Finally, a decision was made to establish Hapoel in Jonava. This was done with the support and assistance of the members of the Hapoel headquarters, especially Ben-Zion Moirer (who was among the first to be murdered by the Germans at the time of the liquidation of the Jewish leadership of Kovno at the Ninth Fort), and Aryeh Sirkin (today Aryeh Sarig, a deputy director-general in the department of security [in Israel]). An active committee was established, which later became the leadership committee of the chapter. Members of the Tzeirei Zion youth organization participated, including: Davidka Friedman, the Perchik brothers, Berl Rikless, Hershel Perevoznik, Elka Abramovich, and Hershka Josefs.
The modest sporting activities began slowly. At first, a football team and gymnastics team were set up. At a later time, when we rented a field (a large field on the outside of the town), the members began to participate in light athletics, volleyball and basketball.
The youth became involved in these activities very willingly. Despite the meager means at the disposal of the organizers, there was vibrancy and a great deal of activity. The activities took place for the most part during the summer months, when the pleasant weather facilitated the playing of sports in the open air.
At times, the members of Hapoel of Jonava took part in national and regional events that were organized through the efforts of the Hapoel headquarters. The members particularly enjoyed the trips to neighboring towns (Wilkomir, Keidani and others) for football tournaments, joint regional gatherings, or friendly meetings. These events introduced a competitive spirit and were challenging. They prepared for such gatherings with great energy.
I recall the regional gathering of Hapoel in Jonava (1938) that took place in the form of a camp outside the town, the regional gathering in Karmelava (1933), and the national convention of all Hapoel chapters of Lithuania that took place in Kovno, in which Hapoel of Jonava took part with a large representation of athletes and competitors in light athletics and football.
This group of people arrived in Israel after various tribulations, after the ghettos, exile in Siberia, or after participating in the war against the Germans in partisan units.
At this time we can state with certainty that thanks to that Zionist activity under the auspices of Hapoel, Maccabee, and other Zionist organizations, we instilled a desire for the Land of Israel into the hearts of the youth. Instead of scattering throughout the far reaches of the earth, they always desired to reach the Land of Israel. We had to fight strongly against the Communist propaganda that attempted to attract the Jewish youth to its ranks. All of those who joined the Communist youth were eventually lost. Most were murdered, and a very small number remain in Russia. In any case, they did not come to Israel.
[Page 147]
Translated by Jerrold Landau The chapter of Tzeirei-ZionHitachdut was the first nationalist youth organization that was founded in Jonava after the First World War. Its founders included Dov Zisla, Nathan Janusevich, the teacher Joselovich, Namiot and Dov Blumberg. The finest of the working youth, officials and youth of the middle class gathered into this organization.
The prime objectives which it stood for were: preparation of the youth for aliya, cultural activities, collection of money for the Keren Kayemet (Jewish National Fund) and knowledge of the Land.
The Hebrew library was founded in 1919 as a center for Hebrew culture. Alongside it was the meeting place in the Weiner home on Vilna Street. Meetings, lectures and social activities were organized in this place.
The chapter, which began in 1922, established itself and flourished through the efforts of Moshe Ivensky, and became a political factor in the life of the town.
Those days were the days of Jewish autonomy in Lithuania with the Jewish Ministry headed by Dr. Soloveitchik. Communities were established, headed by the national council. National banks and other organizations were founded. Tzeirei Zion had delegates to all of these.
The Tzeirei Zion party took first place in Jonava next to the General Zionists. It was the second largest in the community of Jonava and in the town council. Its delegates to the community council were Moshe Ivensky, Menachem Mines and Eliezer Levin.
Ivensky served as the chairman of the organization throughout many years. His second in command was Menachem Mines, one of the vibrant activists of the city. The writer of these lines served as the secretary.
During the years of 1922-1930, the chapter had more than 100 active members and more than 300 supporters who lent their support to Tzeirei Zion in elections to the community council and the Zionist congresses.
The Hechalutz organization was under the influence of the party, as was of course the Gordonia youth organization that was founded in 1927 and existed under the shadow of Tzeirei Zion. It was headed by Alter Klotz, Pesach Shachor, Shmuel Goldshmidt, Dina Perlstein and Leah Burstein. The members of Tzeirei-Zion also dedicated their time to tending to Maccabee.
During the 1930s, Tzeirei-Zion blended with the members of the Tz. S. (Young Socialists), and incorporated most of the national Socialist youth into their ranks.
Now, when we are far from that romantic era of the enthusiastic activities of the Jewish youth at gatherings, competitions and camps, we can properly value the great importance of that activity in forging the Jewish youth and creating meaning in their daily lives. This activity also gave them vigor, joy of life, and most importantly the instilling of Jewish pride into their hearts.
Some of these Jewish youths of Jonava who succeeded in making aliya to the Land established large families, and took root in cities, towns and kibbutzim. Would it be that there were more of them, and that we did not have to weep over the many who perished at the hands of the German and Lithuanian murderers.
Thus concludes a pleasant chapter in the fruitful life of the youth in the exile of Lithuania, in a splendid town that was called Jonava as if this was all a dream and not reality.
The beloved town remains far, far away the town in which we spent our pleasant childhood. Nobody even visits the place, for no memory of the Jews remains there, and there is nobody to even say Shalom. This is the bitter reality.
[Page 148]
Members of Poale-Zion Hitachdut
{Bottom photo}
A group of members of Poale-Zion in the Girialka factory
The chapter of Hashomer Hatzair close to the time of its founding (1928). A meeting with the Keidani delegation.
Pesach Shachor, Zelig Yudelevich, X (from Keidani), Gila Plakser, Leah Grodsky, X, Alter Khasid, Shimon Gorfein, X, Leah Yudelevich, Moshe Fried, Shifra Stoller, Zeev Opnik, Yehuda Zopovich, Baruch Jalinovich, Pesia Konsky, Rachel Lifschitz, Sarah Shachor, Tvia Galinsky.
{Bottom photo}
A group with Baruch Opnitzky from Keidani:
L. Grodsky, R. Lifschitz, Chaya Rivka Aronson, Rachel Shapira, Beila Grodsky, Z. Opnik, Baruch, Batya Gorfein, Sheinka Friedland, Pinchas Shapira, Chana Josefs, Sheinka Klibansky, Rivka Simkovich, Dova Dobiansky, Osnat Katzenberg.
{Top photo}
A group of older youths Achduta (with some youths):
Yitzchak Kremenitzin, Z. Opnik, Shlomo Perlstein, B. Jalinovich, Netanel Shapira, Izak Reibstein, Shimon Gorfein, P. Shapira, Chaya Dobiansky, Elka Untershatz, Sh. Shachor, Beilka Friedman, Batya Perchik, L. Grodsky, Mina Levitz, Hadassah Friedman, David Veps, Teibla Krabitzky, Freda Vilkomirsky, Tzvia Galinsky, M. Kremenitzin.
{Center photo}
A group of Achva girls with Tzvi Ulpasky:
Chana Josefs, B. Gorfein, Tzvi, Ch. R. Aronson, D. Dobiansky, R. Simkovich, Chaya Portnoy, Yenta Nochimovich, Sheina Friedland, Leah Klibansky, Dvora Berzin, R. Shapira, T, Galinsky, Feiga Zandman, A. Katzenberg.
{Bottom Photo}
Shevet Binyamin (Group Alef) with its counselors, photographs in the snow with the shul in the background. Passover 5681 (1921).
A group of Achduta prior to the aliya of Shimon Gorfein (Noy), at the beginning of 1933.
A. Reibstein, Sh. Shachor, Sarah Goldberg, H. Friedman, Shimon, Alter Khasid, B. Jalinovich, R. Lifschitz, L. Grodsky, L. Yudelevich, P. Shapira, Sh. Stoller, Tz. Galinsky, S. Perlstein, Sh. Klibansky, N. Shapira, Z. Opnik.
{Center photo}
A group of older girls with Tzvi Ulpasky
{Bottom photo}
A group of scouts bidding farewell to Shimon [Gorfein (Noy)]
D. Veps, A. Untershatz, B. Jalinovich, B Friedman, Ch. Dobiansky, B. Perchik, P. Vilkomirsky, Sh. Shachor, M. Kremenitzin, Sarka Segalovsky, Shimon, P. Shapira, X, A. Reibstein, Mina Levich.
{Top right card photocopy}
The organization for the aid of Hebrew scouts in Lithuania
The Organization of Hebrew Scouts
Hashomer Hatzair
Central leadership
1) This card certifies that its owner is a member of the organization of Hebrew scouts, Hashomer Hatzair of Lithuania
2) This card gives the scout the right to wear the scouting uniform, to bear the insignia of the scouts, and to publicly fill its scouting tasks.
3) This card must be constantly found in the possession of the scout, and must be presented by the scout at a time of need.
4) Each scout may only possess one card.
5) If this card is lost, the scout cannot receive another card without special permission
{Bottom right card photocopy}
Palestinos Zydu darb bel ju
Istigoms remti draugija
The organization
For the Working Land of Israel in Lithuania
{Repeated in Yiddish}
Member card
No 19913
Printed by Sh. Joselovich, Kovno
{Top left letter}
The organization of Hebrew Scouts
Hashomer Hatzair
Kovno Chapter
March 1, 1928
Yente Nochimovich
We acknowledge the receipt of your request of February 14, 1928.
At a meeting of the council that took place on February 28, we dealt with your request, and the members of the council decided to accept you as a member of our organization.
For the first three months, you will be {cannot be made out}
The kibbutzim will be begin immediately after {cannot be made out}, and we will inform you of this.
With scouting greetings
{Signatures cannot be made out}
{Middle card photocopy}
Card number 703
First name and Surname: Yente Nochimovich
Chapter: Jonava Class: D
Age: 17 Level: III
Surety: --
Role: --
How long in the organization: From 1929
Her task: --
This card is valid until: Dec 31, 1939 {last digit is overwritten and unclear}
Chairman of the support committee: {signature illegible}
Secretary: {Signature illegible}
Head of the chapter: {No signature}
Kovno, February, 5, 1932
{Lower center card photocopy}
Each and every activity of the Hebrew Hapoel in the Land, every new achievement attained by it strengthens the ability of the Land to absorb, and opens it gates to the camps of pioneering immigrants.
City: Jonava
Name: Rachel
Family Name: Nochimovich
Joined the organization on: June 21, 1929
{Top statement repeated in Yiddish}
{Lower left card photocopy}
Member, you should be concerned about tomorrow for yourself and thousands of your brethren. Arise as a faithful soldier among the ranks of the workers in the organization! Pay your dues promptly and collect dues from others! Every penny is added to the account.
The card is given on:
June 4, 1929
{Signatures of the central committee, the local committee, and the card holder are illegible.}
[Page 149]
With soldiers: Efraim Baten, X, Yitzchak Gurvich, X, Levi Kaper, Chana Zopovich, X, Daniel Rikless, Aber Untershatz, X, Shlomo Friedman, Feivel Shapira
Members of Brit Hechail: X, Aberka, A. Kaper, Reping, Berl Segalovsky, Grossman, Reznik, Gurvich, Y. Klibansky, Baten, X, Vinitzky, N. Goldshmidt, L. Kaper, Friedman, A. Dochovsky, Mechnik
Translated by Jerrold Landau Our town was graced with strong[1], vibrant youth possibly in no small measure due to the influence of nearby Kovno. The youth were able to fill the ranks of all of the youth organizations that existed in the Jewish community. Some of the youth who did not find their place in other organizations joined together in part and founded the chapter of Hashomer Hatzair.
This took place on January 1, 1928. There were a few members of the movement among the students of the Hebrew seminary for teachers in Kovno, who had arrived on their winter expedition from Kovno. The guests were received by the graduating class of the Tarbut school. The members of the movement took the initiative, gathered the students and explained to them that is to us about Hashomer Hatzair.
No small number responded to these words of explanation, and organized themselves with the feeling that they would find an answer to their youthful desires within this movement.
{Photo page 150: Zeev Opnik, Sheinka Friedland, Shlomo Gerber, K., Pinchas Shapira, K., Shlomo Perlstein; K., Izik Reibstein, Elka Untershatz, Sheinka Klibansky, K., David Veps, Leah Klibansky, K., Leah Yudelevich, Chanka Jalinovich, Leah Grodsky, Shimon Gorfein, X, Netanel Shapira, K. (with people from Keidani who came for a visit K. stands for someone from Keidani)}
After some time, two groups crystallized: Achduta the group for older youths and Achva the scouting group. Females comprised a significant portion of the chapter. The chapter expanded and broadened, and attracted youth and children also to class A.[2]. They rented a hall, which roved from house to house, and made efforts to establish organized activities, or as we called our meetings Kibbutz. We would say Kibbutz kvutza, kibbutz kan[3]. We conducted some of the activities with our own power, and we were helped by counselors from outside: Avigdor Opnitzky from the Keidani chapter, and the student Tzvi Ulpasky, a member of the Young Socialists, who conducted activities for us on the themes of Socialism, the worker's movement, the doctrine of Borochov, and other such topics.
Of course, the activities were conducted in Hebrew, for we were all students of the Tarbut school. The chapter and the meeting place were quickly filled with content, and filled our lives with great meaning. Sabbath parties were organized on Sabbath eves. Newspapers articles written by alumni of the chapter were read. We made contact with other chapters in Keidani, Wilkomir [Ukmerge] and Kovno. Our horizons broadened. Our spiritual and social world became richer. We gained friends and knowledge. Our lives were filled with experiences. We felt as if we had grown wings, and had been liberated from our fears and the mentality of exile. We frequently hiked, went on excursions, and conducted summer activities in the bosom of nature. We often went out to summer camps. We conducted many activities in that very grove [the Gerialka Woods] where our dear ones were later taken out to be murdered.
When we took matters seriously and prepared to go to hachsharah in preparation for aliya to the Land, it was not easy for our parents to take leave of us and permit us to leave them. There were those who refused to permit their sons and daughters to make aliya. It was hard to convince them that, upon analyzing the Jewish situation in the lands of the Diaspora according to the doctrine of Borochov as we had studied in our programs, we had no future in the Diaspora, and our existence there was fraught with danger. There were those parents who claimed that they were not short of any good thing there. It is most unfortunate that only a few of the youth succeeded in escaping from the vale of murder while there was still time.
There were only a few who continued the life of the movement in the kibbutzim. However the years of the lives of many of those who were members of the movement and the chapter were not only pleasant years, but also as all would agree in addition to the pleasant memories that remain in their hearts, there are also certain values, the fruit of the education of the movement. Without doubt these values will accompany them throughout their lives, wherever they are.
I remember those children whom we ran into on the streets of the town, strolling and singing the songs of Bialik. This scene was always moving hearing their sweet voices breaking out in Hebrew song, and seeing their pure and clear images.
Batya Zandman dedicated a great deal of her time to the town of Jonava. At night she sat in the library and exchanged books. She collected money for Keren Kayemet. Her father of blessed memory purchased land in Israel, but they did not succeed in benefiting from this.
{Photo page 152: the teachers Yoselovich and Dov Zisla, the founders of the popular Tarbut Hebrew School.}
Already during the era of Czarist rule, there were many parents in Jonava who possessed a Hebrew-Zionist culture, and who desired to establish a modern Hebrew school for their children. However Czarist Russia did not permit the teaching of general subjects in the Hebrew languages. The Germans, who conquered Lithuania in 1915, looked favorably upon the desires of the Jews to establish modern educational institutions in their language, for they regarded this as a good means against Russification. However, the depressed economic situation and poverty of the community of Jonava during that era did not make the establishment of a school feasible.
With the declaration of independence of Lithuania in 1918, a popular Hebrew school was established in Jonava in the wooden building of the Talmud Torah on Breizer Street. At first this was a school for girls, but after a short time it turned into a coeducational school for girls and boys. However, the sign Hebrew School for Girls continued to flutter over the building for a few years after it became a mixed school.
As is known, Lithuania issued a decree of autonomy for its Jews in August 1919. It recognized the Jewish national committee and established a special Jewish ministry that existed until 1924. This was very conducive to the development of Jewish schools in Lithuania in general, and of the popular Tarbut Hebrew school in Jonava in particular.
The number of students grew, as the refugees returned from Russia to Jonava. This created the need to open more classes, especially preparatory classes. The school building was only four rooms, and even the teachers' room was a small section of the first room on the left, in which a wooden partition was erected. Therefore, one or two classes had to study during the afternoon hours. When the children of the refugees joined in, a gap became evident between the knowledge of the veteran students and that of the newcomers, especially in the knowledge of the Hebrew language. Therefore, it is self evident that during those years of the early 1920s, classes were composed from different age groups.
{The article continues on page 153, after a series of eight unnumbered pages.}
[First unnumbered page after 152. NYPL 247.]
The Tarbut school that separated from the Talmud Torah, 1919-1920. The teachers Kolbiansky, Joselovich, Liba Chana Stern, and Alter (David) Kagan
{Bottom photo}
A visit from the Hebrew teachers' seminary in Kovno, January 1, 1928.
Among those standing: Shaul Keidansky, Alter Sadler, Rabinovich the principal of the seminary; to the left: Rosenberg. At the edge, Menachem Mendel Gorfein from the teaching staff. In the background is the cemetery.
A gym class and roll call with the teacher Alter Sandler
{Bottom photo}
Some of the students of the Tarbut school:
Sara Silberman, Mina Sack, Estia Granevich, Malka Untershatz; Chana Goldshmidt, Peisha Levin, Libka Rosenthal, Etka Segalovsky, Nadia Granevich; Freidka Zisla, Peisha Heiman, Shifra Lomiansky.
Students of the sixth grade and their teachers: Jonava, June 27, 1928.
Sarah Shachor, Hadassah Friedman, Yitzchak Sulsky, Tzvi Josefs, Baruch Jalinovich, Netanel Shapira, Mordechai Yaffa, Sheinka Klibansky, Rachel Rashkes; Lipsha Buz, Dvora Goldshmidt, Miriam Levin, Yesha Vilkomirsky, Tzvia Galinsky, Shimon Gorfein, Gita Plakser, Rachel Lifschitz, Shifra Stoller; the teachers: Tabchovich, Sara Burstein, Keidansky; Zeev Opnik, Leah Grodsky, Yehuda Zopovich.
{Bottom photo}
A photograph of the entire school. The teachers are Keidansky, Aptkina, Rosenberg, Sandler.
Chana Margolis, Tzvia Galinsky, Chana Shachor, Chana Miriam Untershatz, Chana Sesitzky, Leah Burstein, Pesia Yaffa, Dvora Goldshmidt, Sarah Shachor; Eliahu Baron, Aryeh Perchik, Zeev Abramovich, Chaya Davidovich, Lipsha Buz, Dina Perlstein, Malka Untershatz, Tzvia Berzin, Miriam Lantzman. The service personnel: Zuska Atkatz. The teachers Rosenberg, Keidansky, Tabachovich, Isser Gurvich, Sandler Tzvi Yaffa, Aryeh Sulsky; Dov Segalovsky, Pesach Shachor, Reuven Keidansky, Yasha Vilkomirsky, Yosef Friedland, Nissan Goldshmidt, Moshe Fried, M. Wolk.
Rabbi Silman with the teaching staff of Yavneh:
David Kagan, Sheina Grodsky, Alter Kagan, Rabbi Silman, Moshe Feldberg
{Middle photo}
Alter Kagan and his students
{Bottom photo}
The performance of Kever David (David's Tomb) by the students of the Yavneh School in Jonava, January 14, 1934.
The Great Gaon the Prince of Torah
Expert in
The Babylonian Talmud, The Jerusalem Talmud, The Sifra
The Sifrei, Rishonim, Acharonim[4]
Pursuing Righteousness and uprightness
A merciful father to any person who is suffering or is in tribulation
{Line cannot made made out but includes the phrase Bikur Cholim}
Our Rabbi
Rabbi Chaim Yitzchak
The son of Moshe Silman of blessed memory
13 Sivan 5690 (1930)
May his soul be bound in the bonds of eternal life
[Page 153]
Immediately after they returned, the refugees were not established from an economic perspective, and many were unable to pay the tuition. Even though the school received support from the communal council, its physical situation was difficult during the beginning of the 1920s. At times, there was not enough money to purchase firewood. One winter day, the chairman of the parents committee, Mendel Gorfein (the father of Shimon Noy) appeared in the classes and turned to the students with a request to volunteer and bring wood from their homes to light the fire in the school. The next morning, girls and boys with schoolbags on their shoulders and pine and birch twigs in their hands appeared on the streets of Jonava, walking in the direction of the school.
On a volunteer basis and with great dedication, the members of the parents' committee took care of all administrative matters: the collection of tuition, the payment of the teachers' salary, the purchase of provisions, maintenance, etc. Moshe Granevich, one of the founders of the school, served as the treasurer for many years. Later Sinai Shapiro filled the role of treasurer.
During the 1920s, the physical situation of the school improved, for many students transferred over at one time from the Yavneh school, and furthermore, there were changes for the better due to the improvement of the economic situation in the town.
All subjects were taught in Hebrew in the school. The Lithuanian language was only studied as a subject. Within a brief period of time, the Yiddish Language was also taught as a subject from the reader Der Shul-Chaver (The School Companion) of Bastomsky. During its first years, there was a dearth of teachers of certain subjects. There was also a shortage of textbooks. For these reasons, there was a lag in the teaching of nature for about ten years. On the other hand, the teaching of the Hebrew language was on a high level. The teachers had an excellent command of the Hebrew language. There was also no shortage of readers: Sfat Ami, Tal-Yaldut, Yaldut, Bikurim, and Lashon Vasefer in five parts. The teaching of Bible was also on a high level. Special care was exhibited in the teaching of grammar in all subjects that were taught in the school. During the first years, when the general educational network of the young Lithuanian Republic was still at its inception, there was no obligatory curriculum.
At that time, the Lithuanian language was still taught at a minimal level. It is no wonder that throughout the first year, the students did not learn how to read in Lithuanian. When the Lithuanian anthem had to be learned for February 16, 1919, the first year of Lithuanian independence, the teachers wrote the words of the anthem on the board in Hebrew letters. The students copied it and learned it by heart, barely understanding even one word.
As the years passed, the demands from the ministry of education increased, and the level of general knowledge increased appropriately. At around the end of the 1920s, official matriculation examinations were arranged in the presence of a representative of the ministry of education. Demands on teachers were also imposed by the ministry of education. Teachers who could not prove their mastery of the Lithuanian language were not permitted to teach in the school.
The Lithuanian government maintained the public schools on its own account. However, it would only retain a teacher for a class that numbered at least 32 students. Most of the classes in the public Hebrew school in Jonava did not have that number of students, so the parents had to hire teachers on their own account. However, this did not deter the teachers, for the vast majority of the Jewish population of Jonava was imbued with the Hebrew-Zionist spirit. The parents also made efforts to found additional classes. Primary schools in Lithuania consisted of four grades. (A reformation took place only in the middle of the 1930s, expanding the primary schools to six grades.) After completing the fourth grade, students were accepted into the gymnasium or the progymnasium. There was only a Lithuanian progymnasium in Jonava, but the Jews tended not to send their children to the Lithuanian progymnasium, and only a few Jews studied there. Since it was difficult to send a 10-11 year old child to study in the city, the Hebrew public school opened additional unofficial classes that were called preparatory a, or preparatory b, or the fifth grade. During the 1927-1928 school year a sixth grade was opened, composed of approximately 20 graduates of the fifth grade. Boys and girls who finished the fifth grade one year or even two years earlier joined the class. Thus did the class reach 30 students.
The existence of the sixth grade was made possible primarily by finding an appropriate teacher. He was Tabachovich, who was brought in from the gymnasium of Wilkomir. The principal Keidansky and Mrs. Sara Burstein, who taught English according to the Berlitz book, taught along with him. After a year, most of these students continued on to the seventh grade. This year was also completed with success. Even though at first there was a month-long break in studies due to the switching of teachers, the curriculum of study in those following years, which was taught in the afternoons, became increasingly similar to the curriculum of studies in the gymnasiums. Many students succeeded in being accepted into the upper grades of the gymnasiums of Kovno or Wilkomir after additional preparation with a private teacher during the summer vacation.
The first teacher and principal of the Hebrew public school in Jonava was Yoselovich, who came from the outside and worked in the school for 2-3 years. The second principal was Shaul Keidansky, who also came from outside with his family (a wife, two sons and a daughter), and became a permanent resident of Jonava. Mr. Keidansky was also the last principal of the school. There were other teachers who came from outside and became residents of the city: the teacher David Rosenberg who married Zlata Janusevich, and the teacher Beila Apatkina who married Eliezer, the son of Meir Goldshmidt. There were also a few natives of Jonava itself who worked as teachers in the Hebrew public school: Alter Kagan (the artist) and his wife Liba Chana, nee Stern; and Alter (Yitzchak) Sandler who began to teach in this school in 1924 after he completed the Real Hebrew Gymnasium in Kovno. He worked there until he made aliya in 1925. Yitzchak Sandler died in Tel Aviv in 1954 at the age of 52. Other teachers who worked in the Hebrew public school of Jonava were Zeidel, Isser Horowitz, Mrs. Sheinyuk who is remembered by the students primarily for her playful songs such as Do you want to know?, The bird and the cat, etc.; the writer Eliezer Heiman, Mines from Wilkomir, and Achber from Pasvalys who today lives in Kovno
[Section in the box on page 154]
To this day I recall two typical Jewish anecdotes that I heard from the mouth of the teacher Isser Horowitz.
Once a childless Jew came to the rabbi to request his blessing.
The rabbi told him: return home, and next year at this time you will have a son, at a propitious time.
At the end of the year, the Jew returned again and complained to the rabbi:
Rabbi, oh woe, what did you perpetrate on me? You promised me a son and behold, two daughters were born to me!
The rabbi answered him calmly:
Indeed it is so my son, I did not err. In my head was the acrostic for Two females[5]
A Jew came to consult with the rabbi. He had a daughter who came of age, and she found herself a groom who was without fault. But what was the problem? His family their pedigree is not top notch and the talebearers tell that his brother is a stain upon the family. What should we do? Should we agree to the match or not?
The rabbi pointed him to the third volume of the Tur[6], where he would find his answer. The Jew got the hint. He took out the book of Exodus, and found the description of the breastplate of the High Priest, with the names of the rows of stones: Leshem, Shvo Veachlama (a jacinth, an agate and an amethyst).
He wrinkled his brow and struggled to understand the answer. He could not fathom the intention of the rabbi at all.
He returned to the rabbi, and asked: What is the interpretation?
The rabbi said to him: You did not read it correctly. You need to change the vowels as follows Leshem Shebo, veach lama? (To his own name, and why the brother?)
All of the teachers who taught in the school were imbued with a Hebrew-Zionist spirit, and had great influence on their students. How astonishing it was to the students when they heard their teachers speak Hebrew to their own children in their homes. The ring of the names of the children had a special enchantment Yoel (Zeidel), Emanuel (Keidansky) --with the accent at the end of the word[7], as well as such a Zionist name as Tziona (Keidansky). The unique Hebrew environment that pervaded in the school and that was expressed by the traditional Lag B'omer excursions to Har Hascharchoret (Dizzy Mountain), the celebrations and festivities and later also through the activities at the meeting place greatly influenced the enriching of the souls of the students and their connection to Hebrew culture.
Already during the first days of the existence of the school, Zionist songs such as Hatikva, Sham Baaretz Chemdat Avot (There in the Land that was dear to the patriarchs), Seu Tziona Nes Vadegel (Raise a banner and a flag toward Zion), and the songs of Bialik, Tshernikovsky, Maneh, etc. burst forth from it. During recess, one could see in the yard girls dancing and playing with the accompaniment of Hebrew words Open up quickly, open, open the gate, or you are a cat, you are black, you are evil and bad. These game-rhymes were brought to the school by several girls who learned them from the private teacher Bara-Moshe Kolbiansky before the existence of the school. He maintained a sort of kindergarten for a very small group of girls in his dwelling (in the house of Aba Lomiansky) already during the era of German occupation.
During the second year of the school, the teacher Joselovich prepared a performance by the students: the operetta The Lamb and the Wolf. One of the prime roles was given to Avraham Yitzchak Opnik (the brother of Zeev Ofek), who had a good voice. The role of the lamb was given to Tzipora Levin (the daughter of Chaim Levin) because of her curly hair. This performance was canceled at the last minute due to the fire that broke out in the hall due to the lack of knowledge of how to use the carbide lamp (luks) which was borrowed for the play from the store of Masha Granevich. (This was the time before electric lights in Jonava.) It was fortunate that the fire broke out before a large crowd had gathered, and everyone succeeded in escaping by jumping over the long, wooden benches. Klibansky's carpentry shop was completely burnt.
During later years, the school arranged the students' celebrations in the hall of the Union theater (earlier, the Reinoa). During one of the performances, the play The Kidnapped was performed. The role of the kidnapped child was performed by Noach Stern, who later became known as a poet. In that play, Reiza Leah Khasid also appeared in the song A poor wanderer is knocking here, dressed up as an elderly Jew with a large staff in her hand. At the end of this play, they were supposed to make a living pyramid, but the disappointment of those who had to build this pyramid was very great especially the disappointment of the younger ones who waited with their blue and white flags to jump to the top of this pyramid when they were informed that this number was being dropped due to a lack of time. Most of the time was stolen by the very long intermissions between each act that were used to set up the scenery on the stage. It is appropriate to mention the names of other students who contributed of their talents to the student celebrations: the two Koshlevich sisters with their charcoal eyes, Ahuva Stern, and Zeev Opnik (Ofek). There were certainly other students who participated in the student performances, but their names never reached me. On Chanukah and Tu B'Shevat, for the most part, school celebrations were arranged only for the students and teachers. Chanukah celebrations of course began with the lighting of candles. Zeev Opnik would recite the blessing over the candles, and then the choir conducted by Liba Chana Stern (Kagan) would sing Chanukah songs. Later in the program, one of the students would recite a poem from the curriculum of studies. During the Tu B'Shevat celebrations as well, there were choir songs, recitations, and something special for that holiday the distribution of bags of fruit of the Land of Israel boxer (carobs), almonds, figs and raisins. The income was dedicated to Keren Kayemet.
During the 1930s, the teacher Mines did a great deal for the success of the student performances. He would arrange student plays with the characteristics of operettas. He composed them himself, improvised the music, or wrote words for known melodies. When there were ballet performances, Bunia Wolfovich would prepare the students for these performances. The Jonaver musician Shlomo-Ber Meirovich organized the choir and conducted it.
A unique event in the annals of the Tarbut school in Jonava was the parade and celebration on the occasion of the opening of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem in the year 1925. As with all celebrations, people crowded into the school hall or the movie theater. This celebration was a form of demonstration to all the residents of the town, Jewish and gentile a demonstration of our attraction to the renewed Hebrew culture of our Land. The students marched through the streets of the town in pairs (a few weeks before this, they received special marching lessons from Shlomo Friedman, who was one of the finest of the Maccabee athletes), with the Zionist flag raised high and fluttering before them. The students joined the celebrating crowds on Har Hascharchoret (Dizzy Mountain). The national joy and pride filled all hearts on that festive spring day.
It should be noted that specifically during the first ten or twelve years of the Hebrew public school, there was little room for alternative subjects such as art, craftsmanship and gym. Similarly, there were barely any clubs outside of the curriculum of studies. It is therefore no wonder that when Hashomer Hatzair was founded in Jonava during the 1927-1928 school year, most of the students of the Tarbut Hebrew public school joined that movement, which had in its power the ability to complete that which was lacking in a complete educational experience. An awakening and progress took place in the supplementary education of the school itself during the 1930s, thanks to the blessed activities of the teacher Mines. We have already discussed above the success of his performances. He founded the meeting place for students, whose activities took place on Sabbaths. These activities were imbued with an enthusiastic Zionist spirit.
Throughout the more than twenty years of its existence, our Tarbut school in Jonava bestowed education upon and instilled national spirit in hundreds of students. Many of its graduates made aliya, and their excellent Hebrew education helped them in their physical and spiritual absorption. It also helped them imbue Hebrew culture in their own children, and to influence their entire surroundings with that spirit.
{Caricature at bottom of page 156: Shlomo Ber Meirovitch}
[Page 157]
Translated by Jerrold Landau {Photo page 157 top: Reb Mendel Deitz}
One day, Rabbi Silman came to the Slobodka Yeshiva to bring my father, Reb Mendel, as the Rosh Yeshiva of Jonava. The Yeshiva wandered from one synagogue to another. Youths from nearby towns also studied there. It was a small Yeshiva that served as a preparation for the larger Yeshiva. Most of the students later became householders[1] who were knowledgeable in Gemara. Reb Menachem Mendel continued to serve as the Rosh Yeshiva until the Russians came. The shochet Reb Michael Lichtenstein also studied there.
The Yeshiva disbanded when the Russians entered.
[Page 157]
Translated by Jerrold Landau
[Page 158]
The office (reception room) of Dr. Bumash, who had moved to Jonava from Vilkomir, was also on the Street of the Road. He was a tall, thick man. His wife, from the Weitzstein family of Vilkomir, was beautiful and intelligent, but she also became fat with the passage of time. They did not get along well with people.
[Page 159]
There was a great deal of activity during the elections to the town council. There were economic interests, tax issues, and the like. The town council concerned itself with improving the appearance of the town. A large garden was planted at the side of the Street of the Road. A new street was opened from the cooperative to the Vylia, which contained a row of tender trees. This street also led to Breizer Street. Sidewalks were built. The streets were repaved. The availability of electric lighting expanded. The electricity was obtained directly from Kovno at all hours of the day. The hospital, bathhouse and slaughterhouse were supported by the town council, thereby easing the budget of the communal council.
The first parties of the gymnasium graduates those of the Carlebach Hebrew gymnasium and the Timinski Russian gymnasium in Kovno would take place here, in the large packaging hall. The golden youth participated in these parties, including: Dora Zians, Zelig Epstein, Alter Sandler, Abba Opnitzky, Berl Antes, Mitzel Pogirsky, Leizer Goldshmid, Rachel and Sheina Levin, Sara Burstein, Miriam Lomiansky, Bluma Pogirsky, Chana and Masha Segalovsky, Batya Opnitzky, Ela Wolk and Menashe Weiner.
Chaim Levin expressed his opinion that this was the finest garden, with boulevards and benches.
In 1930, the Lithuanian government forced the owners of the company of shareholders to sell the enterprise to the Kruger Swedish concern. However, Chaim Levin remained as the director, through the concern, until just before the Russians came.
[Page 160]
{Text below the line} It was during the 1920s, the years of Jewish autonomy in Lithuania. The communal councils began widespread work. In Jonava as well, the communal council conducted a great deal of work. Everybody worked on a volunteer basis except for the secretary and his assistant.
The communal council consisted of 16 members who were chosen as representatives of the parties and organizations. Agudas Yisroel was represented by Rabbi Silman and Yaakov Shimshon Glaz. The representatives of Mizrachi were Shmerl Stern and Rubin. The General Zionists were represented by D. Burstein, Rashkes and Valchokovsky. Young Zion was represented by Menachem Mines and Ivensky. The Yiddishists were represented by Yankel Opnitzky. The representatives of the craftsmen (handworkers) were Benkocher and Yechiel Davidovich.
After Glaz, the chairman was Mines. Yisrael Goldstein was the secretary.
Income was primarily from shechita (ritual slaughter) permits.
The communal council looked after the slaughterhouse, the bathhouse, and visiting the sick (Bikur Cholim) and was very active in the realm of assisting those in need for Maos Chittin for Passover, providing care, tending to wayfarers, providing firewood for the winter. Leib Opnitzky excelled particularly in this area.
[Page 160]
Translated by Jerrold Landau Jonava had primarily wooden homes. There were brick houses only on the main street, in the market, and on the street next to the Christian church.
Moyer (brick walls) were a symbol of strength and stability. If one wanted to say that something was strong, one would say shtark vi moyer, that is to say, as strong as a brick building.
As is known, Jonava was entirely burnt down twice before the First World War. The elder natives of Jonava recall the first and second fires. They also recall all sorts of events and dates based on the dates of the fires. For example, so and so was born after the second fire, etc. After the world war, the Maccabee organization established a firefighting organization in Jonava Faszarne Kommande as it was called in the town. The Jewish residents of the city regarded the firefighters as their own institution. Almost all of the volunteer firefighters were Jewish, and the few gentiles found themselves under Jewish management.
The equipment was particularly paltry. There were large barrels (batchkes) that were brought in immediately after the outbreak of a fire, as a form of first aid. There were also water-drawing machines which were operated by hand. However, the firefighters did not have horses to transport the batchkes and the water-drawing machines, and during the fires, they tried to confiscate horses from the wagon drivers. Until the time a wagon driver could be convinced to give over his horse, and until they brought the batchkes and water drawing machines to a well or to the river the fire had completely consumed the building. The firefighters arrived and sprinkled water on the neighboring houses. Later, the firefighters obtained a larger water-drawing machine, but it also required horses. Only in the 1930s did they obtain a large machine that was operated by an engine. This was the height of modernity of the firefighters.
The firefighters would conduct reftitzius, that is to say, drills. These were a part of the experience of the town. The guard of the firefighters would wear a blue uniform, place a trumpet in his belt, pass through the streets of the town, stop in certain corners, and trumpet with pride, announcing that a drill was about to take place.
[First unnumbered page a drawing: A Fire in the Town]
[Second unnumbered page a drawing: Jonaver Blacksmiths in 1911]
[Page 161]
The volunteer firefighters would wear their own uniforms, some with brass helmets from the middle ages, and others in blue helmets. They wore wide belts, to which were hitched an axe and a pick-axe, which was called a kirke in Yiddish. They would run to present themselves in the yard of the fire hall. There they would be enumerated. After long negotiations with the wagon drivers, they would obtain horses and go out to the center of town with the machines and barrels. They would connect the machines to a well or the river, extend the fire hoses, and begin to spray water in the market or on some random houses. The children would run between them with great curiosity and try to help. After they proved that the fire hose worked properly, and after they poured out the appropriate amount of water for in our town things were not measured by a watch they would begin to gather up their equipment. They would return to the yard of the fire hall filled with personal satisfaction that the maneuver had succeeded.
Then the real experience would come. There were no alarms in the town, so when a fire broke out, they would run and shout fazer, that is fire. There were those who excelled in shouting fazer with a unique clear voice. When Mendel the shoemaker shouted fazer I would awaken in the middle of the night, recognizing his voice.
When they shouted fazer, everyone would run outside and begin asking where it is burning. The firefighters would be running to and fro.
Indeed, there were jokes in the town about the shouting of fazer. The adage Peshka, shrei fazer (Pesia, shout fire) was known. Peshka's neighbor came to her quickly during a fire and requested, Peshka, shout fire, for shouting would, Heaven forbid, hurt herself
During such fires in the town, many wooden buildings burnt down and poor people lost everything that they had. The residents were very afraid of fires. If a fire broke out at the end of a street, the people on the entire street and nearby streets would pack up their belongings. In the middle of the night, one could see people running with sacks of pillows and blankets. In particular, they would pack the bedding, so that there would be something upon which to rest the head.
There were buildings which were well insured, and after the fire the owner of the buildings would build a better home, for the most part made of bricks. There were also occasions where by chance, the fire did not spread to them, and they would say about them in the town that they made borei meorei haeish[1].
I remember Naftali the tailor, known as a big joker, wandering around on the night that a fire broke out at the home of Sara Eidl, groaning oy oy. They asked him, Reb Naftali, why are you groaning? Your house is not burning. He answered, Oy, what a large brick house will stand there.
These firefighters, with all of their provincialism and lack of means, formed an independent Jewish kernel within the harsh, anti-Semitic Diaspora that pervaded at that time in the midst of enlightened Lithuania.
JewishGen, Inc. makes no representations regarding the accuracy of
the translation. The reader may wish to refer to the original material
for verification.
JewishGen is not responsible for inaccuracies or omissions in the original work and cannot rewrite or edit the text to correct inaccuracies and/or omissions.
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Back in March, Pennsylvania Secretary of Education Ron Tomalis announced his intention to shut down the Solomon Charter School, a publicly funded cyber-school in Philadelphia's Chinatown section that teaches both Hebrew and Chinese, offers kosher food — and currently has no Jewish students.
Tomalis, who stepped down in August, said that Solomon was in violation of its state charter by delivering the bulk of its content in the classroom rather than via the web. It had been approved to run as a cyber-school, to be overseen by the state.
But when the Philadelphia school district opened on Sept. 9, the Solomom school opened for its second academic year and, according to its website, actually expanded to a K-11 facility.
It is not clear how school officials managed to convince the state to allow the institution to remain open. Jesse Klapholz, Solomon's executive director, said school officials wouldn't comment for this story. Several calls and emails to the state's education office were not returned.
Saundra Epstein, Solomon's former chief academic officer, said that with the help of attorneys, it was successfully argued earlier this year that the school was doing exactly what it said it would do when the state initially approved its charter last year. She had long argued that a blended cyber/in-person approach to education represented a cutting-edge model.
Epstein, who had been key in setting up the academic program at the experimental school, said the board of directors asked her to resign and she is no longer involved.
When founder and CEO Steve Crane first began drumming up support for a Hebrew charter school in Philadelphia, he said at the time that he hoped it would appeal to Jewish families. But, as of February of this year, there were no Jewish students enrolled.
According to its website, the school is still committed to its Hebrew-language program.


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Eight-year-old Virginia O'Hanlon wrote a letter to the editor of New York's Sun, and the quick response was printed as an unsigned editorial Sept. 21, 1897. The work of veteran newsman Francis Pharcellus Church has since become history's most reprinted newspaper editorial, appearing in part or whole in dozens of languages in books, movies, and other editorials, and on posters and stamps.
"DEAR EDITOR: I am 8 years old.
"Some of my little friends say there is no Santa Claus.
"Papa says, 'If you see it in THE SUN it's so.'
Over the Thanksgiving holiday, I listened to an audiobook–Deliver Us from Normal–and one sentence from a very long book hung in my mind for days.
"Mom made us hot cocoa–with salt."
Boy, did that bring back memories.
As a treat on cold winter nights, my mother would take out the Hershey cocoa powder and make a pot full of steaming hot chocolate.
In the days before Swiss Miss powder or Quik, Hershey's cocoa was a staple in our home.
I'd forgotten how good it was but that one sentence brought it all back.
Levy County is in a gossip frenzy. All it took was someone being out of the office, someone being added to the federal grand jury indictment that resulted in two Levy County commissioner being suspended and folks with nothing better to do than stoke the flames.
The first::
Sheriff Johnny Smith has not been arrested. This tidbit has been hanging around for weeks and keeps cropping up anew.
Smith's spokesman has said the sheriff has no comment — a number of times.
This has just got to be hurting Smith's family and we empathize.
To the editor:
My grandmother had many sayings she liked to repeat to us growing up. One of her favorites was "everyone can afford soap and water." I always thought this to be true until recently. Like many others, I was laid off earlier this year. At first I was not worried, I'm a hard worker with great references. I thought I could get another job very soon. That was over five months ago.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank each participant and those who had the desire but were not able to participate in this year's Christmas and Winter Festival.
I would also like to thank the business leaders and members of the Greater Chiefland Area Chamber of Commerce for entrusting its leadership to me twice over the past five years.
I am stepping down this year, but stepping up to the challenge of bringing and supporting businesses within our area.
Our Chiefland Indian roundballers are suffering. Several weeks ago the teams' uniforms were stolen and to date they have not been recovered.
Last week Sports Editor Jenna McKenna detailed the plight of our student athletes and made an appeal for the community to help.
We echo that appeal as we believe the representatives of our school deserve better than the hand that was dealt them.
I buy gas for my car in Alachua County. They added a 5 cents per gallon tax this year. I don't buy gas in Alachua County to give my money to their county. I buy gas in Alachua County because it is cheaper than Chiefland. Anywhere from 11 cents to 20 cents a gallon cheaper.
I would be helping the seller of Chiefland gas to take advantage of me if I bought gas in Chiefland. Just watch, the price of gas in Chiefland will drop. It always does the day a complaining letter is published - slowly to rise again.
Dale Burns
It has been a roller coaster of a year for me, both personally and professionally.
And for the most part, the roller coaster hasn't stopped long enough for me to get my bearings.
If you're a roller coaster enthusiast, you know what that means: you tend to be a little scattered when it does come to a halt and you're not always sure you're standing on firm ground.
For the past several weeks, the Chiefland Citizen has been upgrading its Web site to bring our online readers more features.
If you are an online user, you may have noticed slideshows of events, an interactive community calendar that YOU control and a place to sign up for e-mail alerts.
This week, we added our first video about a house that burned Monday and by the end of the week there will be a place for readers to start blogging on topics of interest in Levy County. It's called the Forum and it will be found under the Opinion tab.
Another Veterans Day has passed, the parades and cook-outs are but another memory. I wonder how you spent your day on Nov.11.
Each year at this time, I personally dread the duty of accompanying my husband on his hectic schedule of events, through the week of Veterans Day. Not because it is hectic - because I must witness the pain that these veterans feel over the disrespect that they encounter along the way, from a citizenry that purports to love their county and the veterans that keep them safe and free.
It's no secret–the recent economic decline has affected not only banks and automakers, but the newspaper industry as well.
With a decrease in revenues across the country, newspapers, especially daily newspapers, have been hit hard.
Thankfully, it hasn't severely impacted us on the local level–yet.
But we're taking precautions before it impacts us.
It's Tuesday night as I write this and meteorologists have threatened that this will be a night that sees temperatures plummeting below freezing.
I am not concerned.
Growing up in abject poverty in the mountains of Eastern Kentucky, I know what cold weather is.
It is not Levy County, Florida at its coldest.
My childhood home was a sprawling old house that had one coal heater in the middle of the living room to heat the entire house.
It failed miserably.
I have a number of concerns about Regional Water plans.
I don't know how a regional water system ever can be more cost effective. Many more miles of water lines will be needed to support this compared to an individual city system (plus booster stations, etc.) At this time I don't believe any of our planners, including city users, have any idea what their future water needs will be – 5 years, 10 years, etc.
I wish to express my deepest sorrow and dismay over the recent allegations involving our two county commissioners. In addition, I wish to convey my sincere appreciation and gratitude for the successes and accomplishments, past and present, of all our county commissioners.
Many of us are experiencing difficult and laborious times of social and economic transformations and reconstruction, especially, during this time of the the holiday period.
To the editor:
Two hundred thirty three years ago at Tun Tavern, Pa. The Corps was born and they've been around ever since, answering our country's call and fighting for what they believed in.
They were in the Revolution, picking off boarders from the fighting tops. They were with Old Hickory at New Orleans. They fought in the malaria ridden Florida swamps.
It's been a rough three weeks in Levy County.
First School Board member Billy Morrison was charged with a misdemeanor.
This week we learned Chiefland community leader Mary Marshall was under investigation for embezzlement.
Then comes the news late Wednesday that Commissioners Sammy Yearty and Tony Parker were suspended from office by Gov. Charlie Crist, following federal indictments.
What it really comes down to is osmosis. You remember osmosis, don't you? In high school science, you learned that's the process that lets stuff pass through the membrane that surrounds your cells. Osmosis lets the good stuff in and the bad stuff out, trading spent fuel for new fuel. It keeps you alive.
The funny thing about osmosis (other than the name) is that it's automatic. There's no conscious thought involved. That's why if you get stranded at sea, like Tom Hanks in Castaway, you mustn't drink seawater, even if you're dying of thirst.
Goofy. Giving. Wonderful. Funny. Guileless. Childlike.
Words. Only words.
But words that define the personality of a man who was so complex, yet so simple in his nature.
When word reached me Friday evening that my star sports editor–and dear friend–Claude Lewis had died, I, like everyone else, was stunned.
Two hours before, he and I had a wonderful conversation, laughed about pushy people and poor biographers and threatened each other with "You have to do THAT story."
I enjoy lively, spirited conversation. And in order to enjoy that, I have to like being around people.
No doubt in anyone's mind, I am a people-person. I come by it naturally, because everyone-and I mean everyone-on my father's side of the family was blessed with the gift of gab.
At family gatherings, it was difficult at the end of the day to figure out just what you may have gleaned from each other because topics were broad, loud and scattered.
In high school, I put that gift to good use by being in the Speech Club and arguing on the debate team.
One of these days, I'm going to write something nice about football officials.
Sorry, this isn't that day.
Watching the NFL game between the Jaguars and Titans on Sunday, I clearly saw Maurice Jones-Drew scamper into the end zone on a run.
Incredibly, the refs on the field wanted to spot the ball on the 1.
The replay clearly showed the score, so Jags coach Jack DelRio challenged.
Even more incredibly, the call on the field was upheld.
Which brings me to another point.
Why does the NFL employ replay officials in every stadium, anyway?
Copyright © 2017
The Chiefland Citizen is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Levy County and Chiefland Florida, and the surrounding area.


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PLANNING permission has now been sought for a school near Winchester looking to secure extra places.
In response to the growing demand on primary school places, Colden Common Primary School has announced plans to develop two new classrooms to allow a further 35 places across the school per year.
As previously reported in the Chronicle, there are plans to accommodate a further five children per year group at its site on Upper Moors Road in preparation for the 250 houses that will be developed in the village over the next 20 years.
Councillor Keith Mans, executive lead member for children's services at Hampshire County Council, said: "The extension of Colden Common Primary School will create 35 new school places as part of our aim to deliver quality education local to where children live and where parents want them to go. We're making a huge £149 million investment, building 8,000 places across Hampshire over the next few years.
"Design proposals at Colden Common are still in development stage, but I'm impressed with the way colleagues are all working together with the community to achieve the best solutions for all concerned. There will be two new classrooms and a room for small group work that links through to the existing classrooms and shared areas including the school hall. We're also considering improving the school's outdoor play areas to give children the very best learning environment.
"We want to ensure that the design will be in keeping with the style of the existing building. Our award winning Hampshire Property Services has earned a national reputation for the quality of their school design and I'm looking forward to seeing another successful completion."
The move means many parents will not have to separate their children as a result of limited spaces.
Jo Nicholson, mum of Elsie, six, Martha, four, and Tilly, one, has been campaigning to get Elsie into Colden Common for two years. She'll join Martha in September and it means more time with each other for the family.
"We live 0.4 miles from the school and we spent a long time campaigning on the grounds that the school wasn't big enough to meet the need," Mrs Nicholson said. "We're really chuffed with what's happened. It's very emotional that we're leaving Otterbourne because it's still such a good school. We've been on a really long emotional journey with this and the result is great but the council should be getting this right in the first instance. I know a lot of people who are working very hard at Colden Common school but the school was never big enough with the size the village was.
"I couldn't say anything more positive about Otterbourne but it's about being able to walk to school and being a part of the community. Every time we drive past the school my daughter gets so excited and points and says 'look mummy, that's my new school'. She'll see other children she was at tots with and as parents we've done all we can."
Steve Brine, MP for Winchester and Chandler's Ford, also backed the campaign.
"I think every school rightly keeps their numbers under review but head teachers and governors, working as they do on behalf of current parents, have to think about a lot more than solving the council's problem of a bulge year or large scale new housing development," he said. "They have to balance the existing school community and be sure any expansion at reception year can be sustained as the children move through the school.
"I know the team in Colden Common didn't take this decision lightly and they were right to take their time given past experience with an expensive surplus of places at the school. But I also know the families with young children, like myself, who will now be able to become part of this school in September are so very relieved and pleased it's been possible. I think the school with continue to thrive."