text:
August Offensive 8
The Film
Running Time
04 min 21 s
Topical Film Company
Compilation film of the British Army during the Battle of Amiens and the Advance to the Hindenburg Line, Western Front, August 1918.
Near Bapaume a German "anti-tank gun' lies in an unidentifiable wreck with its crew dead beside it. Shells burst in the distance. Two 6-inch Mk VII guns are drawn by Holt tractors to new positions, probably near Sapignies, passed by a general service wagon of the New Zealand Division. British soldiers clear debris and trees in a thin wood near Bailleul. Near Thiepval (?) a dead German lies over a Maxim machinegun on a sledge. Three British soldiers carrying German Maxims and 08/15 Bergmanns walk past him. 'There is only one good boche - and that is a dead boche." At a dressing station a prostrate German officer is given water by an RAMC corpsman. "The quality of mercy is not strained." Just outside Abbeville a large group of Germans, captured in the advance, waits to move.
Pieces of History
German Prisoners of War
Jonathan F. Vance
Professor and Canada Research Chair in Conflict and Culture, Department of History, University of Western Ontario
The emotion of fear probably came first since the moment of capture was the most dangerous time for a prisoner. It was a reality of the First World War that the protection given to prisoners under the 1907 Hague Convention was not always observed in the front lines. Throwing aside one's rifle and yelling "Kamarad" was no guarantee that the plea for mercy would be heeded, particularly if the approaching soldier had seen his unit decimated by enemy fire. By the same token, a platoon that was weakened by casualties and struggling to hold a hard-won position sometimes could not spare a couple of infantrymen to escort prisoners to the rear areas. In such cases, soldiers implicitly understood that the safest option for their unit was to shoot the prisoners and keep it to themselves.
And then there were the rumours that circulated through both sides of no man's land about a particular battalion that never took prisoners, or about captives who were killed rather than being sent to the safety of a prison camp. A soldier who had been fired up by such stories might well wave aside his enemy's pleas and pull the trigger instead. The faces you see in these films, then, represent the lucky ones, the soldiers who actually survived to become prisoners.
We should also be aware that there did exist a degree of sympathy between soldiers. Atrocities were committed on both sides, but often the sight of a cowering enemy soldier elicited a feeling of pity in the attacking soldier. This is not the demonic Hun depicted by the propagandists, he might think; this is a man like me, with a family, perhaps a wife and children. We are both caught in a war that is not our doing; I will treat him as I hope he would treat me, with kindness and consideration.
The exhausted Canadian sharing coffee and hardtack with a captured German became a stock propaganda image, as a way to demonstrate the kindness of our Canadian boys overseas. But just because they were propagandized does not mean such situations did not take place. On the contrary, many a soldier would share with his prisoner a water bottle, a packet of rations or a cigarette, because the fact that he was a fellow soldier was now more important than the fact that he was an enemy. There is genuine good humour in the image of the captor clowning with the captive by putting on his cap and pulling a face.
Once the new prisoner made it through the moment of capture and reached relative safety, his experiences in captivity became more typical. The First World War was a very labour-intensive conflict. It was the first truly mechanized war, but much of the heavy work was still done the old-fashioned way – by tens of thousands of men digging, carrying, lifting and moving. Neither side had any scruples about using prisoners as forced labour in or directly behind the front lines. We know that German units used their POWs to dig trenches, move ammunition and carry supplies – all tasks forbidden under international law – and Canadians may well have done the same. But such scenes would never have made it onto film. Instead, a much more common image is of German soldiers acting as stretcher bearers, bringing the wounded, Canadian and German alike, to safety. For the captors, this had the advantage of freeing up infantrymen who had been temporarily co-opted as stretcher bearers – every German prisoner who could carry a stretcher meant that one Canadian could go back to the firing line. But it also had value for the prisoners themselves. Many contemporary accounts tell of new prisoners who were almost pathetically keen to prove themselves useful by helping with the wounded. Carrying a stretcher, after all, was much better than being shot.
Prisoners were also a valuable source of information. They were searched for maps, papers or anything else that could have intelligence value (or even monetary value – Canadian soldiers were known as tireless souvenir hunters, and quickly stripped any item that could be sold to non-combatant troops in the rear areas. Rifles, canteens and other military equipment were confiscated and sent to salvage dumps. Then, German-speaking officers questioned the men about their unit and the defences on their side of the line. Probably, few POWs were as helpful as some of those who were filmed (including the one who is evidently hard of hearing, likely from artillery bombardment), but the evidence suggests that prisoners were actually forthcoming with information about what was going on in their own trenches.
Finally, the symbolic significance of prisoners should not be underestimated. It was important to depict German prisoners on film because they were very visible signs of success on the battlefield. In the bloodbaths of 1916 and 1917, when success was measured in yards of pulverized earth, scenes of a few bedraggled German soldiers proved that something concrete had been achieved. The Battle of the Somme, for example, was a notorious example of horrific casualties sustained for very little territorial gain, but footage of prisoners being marched away from the battlefield in this clip at least proved that there were a few enemy infantrymen who would never again fire on Canadian soldiers.
In the open campaigns that began in the summer of 1918, prisoners became even more dramatic evidence of success. Now, it was possible to show to Canadians images of long lines of Germans soldiers captured in battle as the Canadian Expeditionary Force swept across northern France. Scenes of POWs being marched away from the battle for Bourlon Wood in 1918, often combined with pictures of rows of captured artillery pieces, confirmed to people at home that the tide had finally turned. The Allies had the Germans on the run, and such images seemed to prove that they were just as happy to surrender as fight.
Statistics on German POWs captured by Canadian troops are far from complete. We know that over 4000 were captured at Vimy Ridge in April 1917; over 5000 on August 8, 1918, the first day of the Battle of Amiens; and roughly 6000 in the three-day battle for the Drocourt-Quéant line in September 1918. But these are only three of dozens of engagements fought by the Canadian divisions, and the total number of prisoners taken may never be known. In any case, the cold statistics tell us less about the experience of captivity than these moving images. The men we see remain nameless, but their faces speak volumes about the impact of war on the individual.
Selective bibliography :
Cochet, François. "Le traitement des prisonniers de guerre en 1914-1918 : le rčgne de la réciprocité ?", in 14-18, le Magazine de la Grande Guerre, n° 23, Décembre 2003 - Janvier 2004.
Jackson, Robert. The Prisoners, 1914-18. New York: Routledge, 1989.
Morton, Desmond. Silent battle : Canadian prisoners of war in Germany, 1914-1919. Toronto : Lester Pub., 1992.
Moynihan, Michael, ed. Black Bread and Barbed Wire: Prisoners in the First World War. London: Leo Cooper, 1978.
Speed, Richard. Prisoners, Diplomats and the Great War: A Study in the Diplomacy of Captivity. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.
Vance, Jonathan F., ed. Encyclopedia of Prisoners of War and Internment. Denver, CO: ABC-Clio, 2000.
Vance, Jonathan F. Objects of Concern: Canadian Prisoners of War Through the Twentieth Century. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1994.
Williamson, Samuel R. and Peter Pastor, eds. Essays on World War I: Origins and Prisoners of War. NY: Brooklyn Coll, 1983.
Military Logistics of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914–1919
Michel Litalien
Canadian military logistics is a dimension of the history of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) that is often overlooked. Yet just a few days after Canada's entry into the First World War, it was obvious that there was no way of ignoring it. When huge numbers of military and civilian volunteers showed up at Valcartier, near Quebec City, in August 1914, logistical support services, which had only recently been established, were soon put to the test. Clothing and equipping the members of the first contingent turned out to be a real headache. Manufacturers had to be found and contracts drawn up in a hurry for the production of uniforms, boots, belts, weapons, vehicles and so on. From a logistical standpoint, mobilizing the first contingent destined for Europe was a nightmare.
Throughout the Great War, the Canadian Expeditionary Force's logistical support system was an immense, complex operation. Of all the support services, the Canadian Army Service Corps (CASC) was the most diversified. Its main responsibilities were transporting combat troops, delivering equipment and materials, and providing the troops with fresh supplies. In addition to these essential tasks, the CASC also evacuated the wounded (ambulance drivers belonged to the corps), salvaged equipment that had been captured from the enemy or left behind on the battlefield and delivered mail. The CASC worked closely with the Canadian Ordnance Corps, the Canadian Army Medical Corps, and the Canadian Artillery Corps for the transportation of specialized ordnance.
The CASC operated from seaports located hundreds of kilometres from the battlefield, all the way to just behind the front lines. Its replenishment system could supply not only small groups of just a few men but also formations the size of an infantry battalion (approximately 1,000 men).
Resupplying front-line units was a multistep process. From ports and depots, supplies were first taken by railway to railheads. From there, CASC units were responsible for moving the supplies by truck or light railway to supply dumps. These operations took place in the third line of supply. Thanks to their small size, light railways could run and reach areas closer to the front lines more easily. It was also harder for enemy artillery to pinpoint them. The administrative area behind the front lines was crisscrossed by light rail lines that were built and maintained by Canadian railway troops.
From the supply dumps, the CASC's divisional train and ammunition supply column, both of which were horse-drawn, were responsible for bringing supplies closer to the front lines, to their respective divisions or individual units. This was the second line of supply.
Lastly, operations to supply front-line units constituted the first line of supply. These units had to come back to the rear to get their own supplies of gear, ammunition, weapons, technical and communications equipment, water, medication and food. These supply expeditions were carried out chiefly at night so that the soldiers could not be seen by the enemy. But assigning combat troops to this task meant that a battalion's defensive positions at the front would be short of manpower for a time and so vulnerable to enemy attack.
Toward the end of the war, however, a Canadian officer from Montreal proposed using the tumpline system — the method that Canada's aboriginal people and coureurs de bois had used to carry large loads on foot. Before the introduction of this system, infantryman had to carry supplies in their arms, thus limiting the quantity of materials due to their size and weight. The tumpline system, which involved the use of a head strap, allowed the soldiers to carry more weight and freed up their arms, thus giving them more freedom of movement. With this system, each soldier was able to transport a greater quantity of supplies and so fewer men were required for the job, leaving more troops to ensure the defence of the front lines.
Besides regularly providing drivers and vehicles to other units, the CASC also maintained and repaired its vehicles. It also had to make sure that the troops were fed, which meant that fresh and hard rations had to be allocated and distributed properly; its military cooks oversaw the operation of field bakeries and butcheries.
The CASC was not the only logistical support corps to play a key role in the CEF. The Canadian Ordnance Corps was responsible for procuring, storing and distributing uniforms, boots, equipment, weapons, ammunition and shells to combat troops. Specialized supply depots, located in the second line of supply, helped ensure more effective distribution.
The Canadian Ordnance Corps' other major role was to maintain equipment in the field. The repairmen in the specialized ordnance mobile workshops could get closer to the deployed units and repair their weapons, both light and heavy, as well as their equipment. If the mobile workshops were not able to do the repairs on site, the weapons and equipment were shipped to heavy or stationary workshops at the rear, where virtually anything could be reassembled or rebuilt. The small detachments of the Ordnance Corps worked closely with the various units of the Army Service Corps.
Despite the gradual mechanization of the war, horses remained a vital component of the CEF. The cavalry, the artillery and, of course, the Army Service Corps used huge numbers of horses right up to the end of the war. At one point, Canadians were using as many as 24,000 horses and mules in their overseas operations. Horses could often manage in places where motorized vehicles could make no headway! Inevitably, some horses suffered injuries or fell ill. The Canadian Veterinary Corps operated mobile sections to take care of horses; it also ran veterinary hospitals for horses, advanced remount depots and specialized basic provisions depots.
Other logistical support services also played a crucial role in enabling combat troops to get on with their job. The Canadian Postal Corps, for instance, helped maintain the morale of soldiers at the front, at the rear and also those convalescing in hospitals. Army chaplains, who constituted the smallest organized support group, provided religious services to Canadian soldiers of different faiths and offered moral support at difficult times. Lastly, despite the enemy's efforts to maintain a naval blockade by submarines, the Canadian Forestry Corps ensured that Great Britain, France and the Canadian Expeditionary Force obtained all the timber they needed to carry out their military operations.
Thousands of men served in these various organizations. The Army Service Corps, for example, counted over 17,000 officers and non-commissioned soldiers in its organization. Even if these units were not combat troops, many of them, including the Army Service Corps, played important roles in all military actions. One hundred and four members of the CASC were killed, and 363 were wounded.
Selected Bibliography
Brown, Ian Malcolm. British Logistics on the Western Front, 1914-1919. Westport: Praeger Publishers, 1998.
Canadian Army Service Corps, 2nd Divisional Train: Record of Service of Officers, 1914-1919. Brian Pontifex, comp. Toronto: Carswell, 1920.
Davies, W.J.K. Light Railways of the First World War: A History of Tactical Rail Communications on the British Fronts, 1914-18. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles, 1967.
French, Cecil. A History of the Canadian Army Veterinary Corps in the Great World War, 1914-1919. C.A.V. Barker and Ian K. Barker, eds. Guelph: Crest Books, 1999.
Jackson, H.M. The 127th Battalion, CEF; 2nd Battalion, Canadian Railway Troops. Montreal: Industrial Shops for the Deaf, 1957?.
Johnston, James Robert. Riding into War: The Memoir of a Horse Transport Driver, 1916-1919. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions and The New Brunswick Military Heritage Project, 2004.
Love, David W. "A Call to Arms": The Organization and Administration of Canada's Military in World War One. Calgary: Bunker To Bunker Books, 1999.
Phelan, Frederick Ross. "Army Supplies in the Forward Area and the Tumpline System: A First World War Canadian Logistical Innovation." Canadian Military History 9, no 1 (Winter 2000): 31-45 [reprinted from the article published in the Canadian Defence Quarterly in October 1928].
To the Thunderer his Arms: The Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps. William F. Rannie, ed. Lincoln, ON: W.F. Rannie, 1984.
Warren, Arnold. Wait for the Waggon: The Story of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1961.
Engineers on the Western Front
Bill Rawling
Historian, Department of National Defence
The Western Front made huge demands in matériel, lumber being an excellent example. Wood was needed to revet trenches, support the roofs of dugouts, for plank or corduroy roads, and as sleepers for tramways and railways. These tasks became the responsibility of the military engineers, specialized forestry units being formed for the purpose. Lumberjacks, graders and other skilled men from within the lumber industry were recruited. They cut timber and ran their own sawmills to provide a finished product.
The first forestry companies in the war were formed in 1915, in France. More units were created in England to harvest the island's local resources. All of these were gathered into a corps in 1916 that eventually comprised 43 companies, and was of such a scale as to require its own hospital system. The men received more than the normal food rations, considering the fact that they were engaged in continuous hard labour.
Their work, in Britain and France, saved huge amounts in shipping costs, not to mention freeing up lumber supplies for such industrial endeavours as shoring up mines and building trawlers and other vessels. Nor did the forestry corps limit its work to cutting and preparing wood. Many of its units supported the Royal Air Force by clearing, draining, levelling and grading sites for aerodromes. By the time of the Armistice 11,750 men worked within its ranks, with another 6000 attached in various capacities.
Closer to the fighting there was a need for heavy-capacity means of transport to get the prodigious amounts of ammunition, food, water and other necessary matériel to the front line. One solution to such an intimidating logistical problem was the construction of tramways with specialized labour, with other specialists maintaining and operating the tractors and rolling stock. The result was a system of transport similar to that of a large North American city run by the Canadian Railway Troops. The troops worked on the Western Front and also in Palestine, the 1st Bridging Company serving there in the last part of the war. The system was, in fact, a merging of two networks, tramways closer to the front operating with gasoline-powered tractors while light railways a little farther behind used steam power, the whole being linked to France's broad gauge system, which had been built in the decades before the conflict.
In the end, the war became too mobile for railway troops to keep up, and when an Armistice was declared on November 11, 1918, the railways were some 30 kilometres behind the forward troops, in spite of the work of 25,000 railway construction engineers, two-thirds of them Canadian. Still, they had served their purpose in the almost four years of near-static warfare that characterized the Western Front from late 1914 to the summer of 1918.
It became clear in the early months of the First World War that operations above ground were distinctly hazardous, even suicidal, hence the trenches and dugouts in which soldiers took shelter. An obvious course was to begin operating underground, and within the Canadian Corps three specialized tunnelling companies were formed. Recruited in the main among miners and clay-kickers (the latter dug smaller tunnels to run gas and water mains under city streets), they began their work in 1915, and their role was multi-faceted. First, they used the galleries they excavated under enemy lines to listen in on his own work, the aim being to give fair warning if he began to threaten Canadian lines underground. Second, they might pack the galleries with explosives to destroy enemy defences; generally, however, such operations proved disappointing as German forces usually occupied the crater thus created before Canadian or British troops could reach it.
Tunnelling was particularly hazardous. Working underground can release toxic gas capable of disabling or killing, or one could find oneself tunnelling into an enemy gallery, leading to vicious little skirmishes fought with knives and digging tools. When fighting shifted from a mutual siege to more open warfare in 1918, tunnellers applied their skills to other work, disarming booby traps in dugouts and other underground facilities as the Allies advanced towards the German border. In fact, the only Canadian military engineer ever to be awarded the Victoria Cross was Captain C.N. Mitchell, a tunneller who in 1918 removed explosives from a bridge while under attack.
Field Engineering
The most versatile of the engineers operated on the front line. Originally organized in field companies of a hundred men or so, in 1918 they were reorganized into larger battalions and even brigades. Regardless of how they were administered, their tasks were widely varied. Just behind the front line they were responsible for building and maintaining roads, as well as providing water for humans and animals, the latter task requiring some of them at least to possess knowledge of how to locate and test the precious liquid. To give just two examples, part of the preparations for the assault on Vimy Ridge included laying over 40 miles (65 km) of four-inch (10 cm) pipe, with five pumping stations and a total storage capacity of 560,000 gallons. Following the successful advance at Amiens in August 1918, one of the deepest penetrations achieved on the Western Front, the Canadian Corps and its allies found itself in the midst of a plain scorched dry by the summer sun, but engineers needed only two days to locate sufficient water to keep forward troops satiated.
In the front lines proper, sappers, as they were called, dug trenches, or oversaw this work done by the infantry work parties, and prepared defensive positions with the copious use of barbed wire. On occasion, as for a trench raid, for example, they were called upon to destroy such wire, using long cylinders filled with explosive called ammonal tubes or bangalore torpedoes. When that front line advanced, as in 1918, bridging became a most crucial sapper task, as forward movement could not be maintained without ammunition, water, food, and the other necessities of making war, all of which needed to be transported forward on roads or railways, both of which needed bridges to get across rivers and other, similar obstacles. Small structures made of cork sufficed to get the infantry across, while prefabricated materials called Inglis bridges carried heavier loads.
At the time of the Armistice what could be called field engineers (as opposed to railway and forestry troops) could count 14,285 men within their ranks, with responsibilities only somewhat less diverse than their numbers.
Selected Bibliography
Kerry, A.J. and W.A. McDill. The History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, Volume I (1749-1939). Ottawa : Military Engineers Association of Canada, 1962.
Chaplin-Thomas, Charmion, Vic Johnson and Bill Rawling. Ubique! : Canadian Military Engineers : A Century of Service. Burnstown, ON: General Store Publishing House, 2003.
Other Materials
Unending Seige : Amiens
The scene was now set for toppling the German militarism that in various forms had kept Europe trembling for more than 50 years. Over the long, painful weeks the Allies lived through in the spring of 1918, the Canadians had learned much. They had also had time to rebuild their strength after the successful but costly attacks of 1917.
The sector now reserved for them was that around Amiens. To give the Canadians the advantage of surprise, they were taken 60 kilometres north of the city. Accustomed to having the Australians opposite Amiens, the Germans also knew the Canadians, whom they had seen spearheading British assaults. Two battalions and two first-aid stations were set up in front of Kemmel, where constant traffic of assorted messages was set in motion and picked up by the Germans. Between 30 July and 4 August, in deepest secrecy, the rest of the Canadian Corps descended to the south. Their discretion was facilitated by the gloomy weather, which reduced German air sorties, and the fact that only the division commanders knew the assault target. This secrecy caused numerous logistical problems - for example, the artillery would have almost no time to prepare. Opposite Amiens, the Canadian officers studying the terrain fooled the Germans by wearing the trademark soft hat of the Australian soldiery.
The noise of preparations for the largest mechanized battle ever seen up to that time revealed nothing to the enemy. In spite of all the precautions, however, some German units were wondering about the movements they had detected. Some 604 tanks of all kinds and thousands of horses would give the battle an aspect that was both ancient and modern.
The Black Day of the German Army
Just before dawn on 8 August the attack opened with the firing of 2,000 guns. In addition to the tanks, the soldiers could rely on two motorized machine-gun brigades, a battalion of cyclists to serve the Corps and a section of heavy mortars mounted on trucks. A thousand French and 800 British planes took to the air. During this brilliant assault, which would seriously undermine the morale of the German troops, the Canadians advanced 13 kilometres at the head of an immense front more than 30 kilometres wide. Australians, British and French were also in the attack, their role being to keep clear of the advance of the Canadians, who had more ground to cover to reach their objectives. The Canadians lost 1,036 men killed, 2,803 injured and 29 taken prisoner, losses that were largely offset by their remarkable advance, the most impressive on the western front since 1914. The Germans had to accept 27,000 casualties, including 16,000 taken prisoner - 5,033 of them taken by the Canadians, who also seized 161 artillery pieces and a large number of machine guns and anti-tank guns. Though the Allies were left with only 132 tanks to start with the next day, the Germans had lost seven divisions. The confidence of their High Command was shaken by the realization that its war machine was no longer effective.
An interesting experiment that day involved the use of 30 Mark V tanks to transport the troops of the 4th Division to the opposing trenches. However, many men were bothered by the heat and by the exhaust fumes that entered the passenger compartment. A few fainted; others got out and walked. The drawbacks associated with the Mark Vs could not be rectified and these tanks were not used again during that war.
Canadian Corps Advances
During the night of 8/9 August, the British High Command decided to lend its 32nd Division to the Canadians, who wanted to withdraw their 3rd Division from the front. The Canadians of the 3rd Division had already marched about 10 kilometres to the rear when they were recalled, as the British had changed their minds. The men were exhausted on their return. It was therefore decided to use only one of their brigades at the front, which required the 1st and 2nd divisions to expand the sectors they were covering. Under these conditions the attack of 9 August could not get under way until around 11 am, without the element of surprise of the day before. At a cost of 2,574 casualties, the Canadians took 6.5 kilometres of ground.
The pressure continued to mount for several days, but the momentum of 8 and 9 August was indeed lost. The number of available tanks fell to the point where, on the 12th, there were only six left. Despite their 11,725 casualties from 8 to 20 August, the Canadians had sounded the beginning of the end of the German army by advancing nearly 30 kilometres and securing the ground thus taken. In the whole operation, the Germans recorded 75,000 casualties.
A month earlier the French had seized the initiative from the Germans. In this context, the battle of Amiens would have a decisive impact. It shattered the last hopes of the German High Command, along with any confidence they might have had that their troops still wanted to fight. The success of the Canadian troops was based partly on surprise, the concentration of their strength and co-ordination among the various arms (planes, tanks, guns, machine guns).
Excerpted from : Canadian Military Heritage. Volume 3 : 1872-2000). (http://www.cmhg.forces.gc.ca/cmh/en/page_631.asp)
Reproduced with permission from the Department of National Defence
After Amiens
In the meantime Allied plans on the Western Front were undergoing revision. As early as the evening of August 11, as German resistance stiffened, Marshal Foch had shown himself willing to modify objectives and consider alternatives to further offensive operations on the Amiens front. At that time large-scale operations were due to be resumed on the 15th. But on the 13th General Debeney asked for and received a day's postponement of the assault by his army; and next morning General Rawlinson was given the same extra time in which to complete his preparations. Sir Douglas Haig has revealed in his diary that he shared Rawlinson's misgivings about attacking the well-prepared Roye-Chaulnes defences and that he was resolved that the French First and British Fourth Armies should merely "keep up pressure on that front" in order to hold the enemy's attention, while he prepared to strike elsewhere with the British First and Third
There is no doubt that Rawlinson was considerably influenced by representations made to him by General Currie, upon whose forces the burden of a major share of a renewed offensive must fall. At a meeting on the morning of August 14 the Army Commander showed Haig a letter (accompanied by air photographs taken the previous day of the German positions) in which Currie set forth the arguments against renewing an operation which would "cost a great many casualties" without obtaining adequate results. He suggested that if the attack were found to be absolutely necessary it should be postponed in order to allow time to "recover the element of surprise." He recommended that an alternative, and better, course would be to withdraw the Canadian Corps from the line, and after resting it for a few days employ it on the Arras front in a surprise attack in the direction of Bapaume. An advance in this sector coupled with an attack by the French from their present line, might well force the enemy to abandon his positions west of the Somme without the necessity of a frontal assault.
This last suggestion was in keeping with Haig's own ideas. An exchange of letters with Foch on the 14th brought no agreement about postponing operations at the Somme, and that evening a telegram from the Generalissimo asked Haig "once more to maintain the date already set." The Field Marshal, however, had made up his mind to limit the Somme attack to a series of set stages, and on the afternoon of the 15th he pressed his arguments at Foch's advanced headquarters at Sarcus (twenty miles south-west of Amiens). "I spoke to Foch quite straightly", his diary records, "and let him know that I was responsible to my Government and fellow citizens for the handling of the British forces." Foch's resistance had already been weakened when he learned from General Debeney that morning that the projected attack on Roye "would certainly be difficult", and even if mounted would leave the French forces too weak to maintain it. "I definitely came around to the opinion of Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig", he wrote in his Memoirs, and he agreed that the Amiens offensive should not be pressed.
A new operation order issued by British G.H.Q. directed the Third Army, which was holding a nineteen-mile front north of Albert, without delay to "press the enemy back energetically in the direction of Bapaume"; the Fourth Army while continuing its preparations for an attack would be prepared to follow up any German withdrawal towards the Somme. Farther north the First Army would take advantage of any German retirement to exert pressure south-eastward from the Arras sector; under favourable conditions, it would attack Monchy-le-Preux and Orange Hill.
In a letter confirming his acceptance of Haig's proposals Marshal Foch made it clear that he was depending on the British operations to be developed with sufficient impetus to ensure a resumption of the thrust south of the Somme. He went on to thank Sir Douglas for his cooperation, which had completely freed the Amiens area and the Paris-Amiens railway. For an offensive north of the Aisne he was now going to transfer the French First Army from Haig's command back to Pétain's group of armies. Accordingly the Franco-British boundary was shifted northward to the Amiens-Chaulnes railway, and the relief of the Canadian Corps by French troops began on 19 August.
On the night of August 19-20 the 2nd Canadian Division began moving northward by bus and train to rejoin the First Army in the Arras sector, followed the next night by the 3rd Division. A number of days were to elapse before the 1st and 4th Divisions made the move. General Currie closed his Headquarters at Dury on the 22nd. During the day he called on a number of senior commanders and had the satisfaction of being told by General Byng that the Canadian performance at Amiens was "the finest operation of the war".
Adapted and used with permission from Nicholson, G. W. L., Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1964, p.396-398.


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Box, the cloud-storage company that delayed an initial public offering earlier this month, said General Electric chose its software to be the standard program for employees to share files and work together.
Los Altos-based Box has been working with GE, the biggest maker of locomotives and jet engines, for almost two years to get the company to use the software, Box Chief Executive Officer Aaron Levie said Thursday in a blog post.
The startup, which in March filed to raise $250 million in a share sale, opted to wait until the market improves before kicking off a promotional tour, people familiar with the matter said last week. Box faces increased competition from companies like Dropbox, Google and Microsoft — which slashed cloud-storage prices last week — and needs to line up more large customers to demonstrate the value of its business.
GE has about 307,000 employees and will use Box's software to let them store files in the cloud — on remote servers that can be accessed anywhere via the Web — and easily share them, Levie said. Previously, GE used technology built in-house for file sharing, said Deia Campanelli, a spokeswoman at Fairfield, Connecticut-based GE.
Many companies have been replacing older equipment and software with Internet-based systems, looking to save money by using third-party cloud companies to house data and serve up computing power. Corporate spending on cloud services, software and resources will reach $191 billion in 2020, up from $58 billion last year, Forrester Research said in a report last month.
Box has 25 million registered users at 225,000 companies. Of those, 34,000 are paying customers. Besides GE, other large clients include eBay and Procter & Gamble said Ashley Mayer, a Box spokeswoman.

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Panasonic NN-SE982S
full-size 2.2 cu. ft. freestanding microwave oven with inverter technology provides quick and easy meal preparation. It features innovative design With an
Electrostatic Blue Dial
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menu now includes five items, so foods remain warm in the oven until they're ready to be served. In addition, the Panasonic NN-SE982S menu-action screen adds to the overall convenience. Other highlights include a
push-button control panel
as well as a popcorn key, quick minute, delay start, delay timer and a timer control. The microwave oven uses 1250 watts of power.
NN-SE982S Features:
Full Size Microwave Oven
Inverter Technology
Inverter Turbo Defrost
One-Touch Sensor Cook & Reheat
Electrostatic Blue Dial Touch Control
Genius Sensor
Blue LED Display
6 Digit Display
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More / Less Control
Keep Warm
One Touch Popcorn Key
Quick Minute
Timer Control
Delay Start
NN-SE982S Specifications:
Type: Full Size Microwave Oven
Installation: Counter Top or Built-in
Oven Capacity:
2.2 Cu-Ft.
Output Power:
1250 Watts
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Door Release: Push Button
Color: Stainless
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text: New representative groups to cover sales in North Dakota, South Dakota and Minnesota, and Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Northwestern Ontario. Master-Bilt, manufacturer of a full line of premier commercial refrigeration systems, has appointed Johnson Commercial Agents and Ross Marketing as new sales representative groups. Johnson Commercial Agents will cover the territories of North Dakota, South Dakota


text:
Pratt & Miller's Corvette Racing team put on a marvelous display ofstrategy, expertise, and preparedness during the final race of the '05American Le Mans Series (ALMS), held late last fall at Mazda RacewayLaguna Seca. As usual, the C6.Rs sprang out of the trailer ready to takeon their season-long nemeses from the Aston Martin racing program. Butwhile the Corvette-versus-DBR9 showdown promised to becharacteristically fierce, lower-profile entries from teams such asSaleen and Maserati were also keen to derail the Chevrolets' dominance.
Qualifying for the race was headed up by the Saleen S7R. It seems theC6.Rs were playing a bit of "cat and mouse," however, as their truepotential quickly became evident on race day. From the get-go, RonFellows put on a truly inspired driving display, making short work ofthe leading GT1-class cars. His opportunistic pass of the Saleen in Turn10 gave him the class lead when the S7R faltered slightly exiting thesweeping, downhill Turn 9.
Each driver put in two shifts over the course of the four-hour race.Johnny O'Connell was paired with Fellows in the team's No. 3 car, whileOliver Gavin was teamed with Olivier Beretta in the Pratt & Miller No.4.
The Laguna Seca track has been reconfigured over the last year toaccommodate the demands of Moto GP racing. The switch involved changesto the location of various bridges and walls, as well as to the size andinescapability of the gravel traps. Once in these vast pea-gravel"no-man's lands," the heavier cars sink to their wheel hubs and areabsolutely unmovable under their own power. (The flyweight GP bikes aremuch easier to dislodge.) The result was no fewer than five full-courseyellow flags over the length of the race while officials extracted thestranded cars.
These delays bunched up the field and also made for interesting calls inpit-stop strategy. On more than one occasion, teams lining the hot-pitlane were prepared for a tire change and refueling, only to be postponedby the intrusive full-course yellow. All of this kept the drivers andteams of GT1 battling back and forth throughout the race. Tellingly, theGT1-class lead was held by every car on the grid, making this anespecially exciting race to behold.
In the end, however, the Corvettes were the class of the field--notbecause of sheer mechanical dominance, but thanks to excellent pit work,driver talent, and informed strategy. Fellows was on a tear throughoutthe evening, employing a set of ingenious and aggressive passingmaneuvers to put the No. 3 car back in the lead during his seconddriving stint. Starting with a series of sweeping moves through LagunaSeca's famous corkscrew, Fellows darted in and out of traffic throughTurns 9 and 10, grabbing first place before entering the tight,left-hand Turn 11 that leads onto the front straight. Watching thatsequence made it clear we were experiencing sports-car racing at itsfinest.
Although Fellows and O'Connell put in a spectacular performance, the No.4 car was also driven exceedingly well by Gavin (who set the fastest laptime in the GT1 class) and Beretta. The last pit stop of the night foundthe two C6.Rs battling it out for the lead and the pit crews challengingeach other for bragging rights. The No. 4 car, in Second place at thetime, was first in and out ahead of the No. 3, but the chase was stillon as a freshly installed O'Connell prepared to blast out of the pits.However, after the tire change, a loose right-rear-wheel nut delayed theNo. 3 car on its pit-out run. This meant that the other Corvette, withGavin driving superbly, was able to pass into GT1's first place whileO'Connell struggled to get back on track and up to speed.
In the end, the gap was just too much for O'Connell to make up. Thewheel-nut problem cost the No. 3-car team the drivers' championship andwas a rare hiccup from Danny Bink's well-oiled pit-crew machine (seesidebar, "Corvette Racing Wins ALMS Pit-Stop Competition"). Itwas a crushing turn of events for the No. 3-car crew, but the cushionthey had built over the Astons and the Saleen meant it had no bearing onthe Corvettes' 1-2 finish. Gavin and Beretta took the win in the No. 4car, while Fellows and O'Connell placed Second in the No. 3.
Unlike some race organizations, the Pratt & Miller team is a realfamily, and its members are extremely supportive of each other. It'sthrilling and inspiring to watch the two Corvette teams battle eachother on the track before coming together in celebration of their jointsuccess at the end.
The race marked the end of an extraordinarily successful '05 season forPratt & Miller and GM's Corvette Racing team. First and Second in theALMS driver and team championships and a 1-2 finish at the 24 Hours ofLe Mans will be tough to top. We can't wait to see them try in 2006.
C6.R Teams' Success Continues Post-Season
The ALMS concluded its season by honoring this year's teams andsignificant personnel at the annual awards banquet, held in Monterey,California. Corvette Racing continued to take home the heavy metal,nabbing the following additional awards:
Most Popular Driver (as voted by the fans): Ron Fellows
Mechanic of the Year: Ray Gongla (crew chief of the Pratt & Miller No. 4C6.R)
Corvette Racing Wins ALMS Pit-Stop Competition
The American Le Mans Series staged its '05 Klein Tools Pit CrewChallenge finals at the season-ending Laguna Seca race. Eliminationpit-stop competitions had been held at various ALMS venues throughoutthe season, resulting in a four-team field of finalists. Both of Pratt &Miller's teams made the finals, a tribute to their preparedness andmanagement by the best crew chiefs in the business. They were up againstthe two Porsche teams of Alex Job Racing (car No. 24) and J-3 Racing(car No. 79). Each team made three passes at the pit-stop process, afterwhich the total time for all three stops was added together to generatean aggregate time that determined the winner. It was a back-and-forthbattle between all four teams, with each one posting impressive times.
The first round resulted in a final showdown between Crew Chief DannyBink's No. 3 Corvette team and the Porsche team manned by the Alex Jobcrew. Danny's boys flew to the win with an impressive time and victory.Meanwhile, the No. 4 Corvette team, run by Crew Chief Ray "Dog" Gongla,shot it out with the other Porsche team and smoked them for the rightsto Third place. It was a fitting end to the season for the well-preparedC6.R pit crews. Congratulations once again, Corvette Racing.


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text: Kerry: Syria civil war might spread across region By The Associated Press June 23, 2013 Story Share DOHA, Qatar -- Unless the bloodshed in Syria stops, the region could descend into a chaotic sectarian conflict, Secretary of State John Kerry said Saturday as he called for an urgent political resolution to the civil war that has dragged on for two years and claimed 93,000 lives.The top U.S. diplomat and his counterparts from 10 Arab and European nations agreed at a daylong meeting in Qatar to step up military and other assistance to the Syrian rebels. However, Kerry would not disclose details of the aid, saying only that it would re-balance the fight between the rebels and President Bashar Assad's better-equipped forces that are increasingly backed by Iranian and Hezbollah fighters."The continued bloodshed at the hands of the Assad regime and the increasing involvement of Iran and its proxy, Hezbollah, threaten the very prospects of a political settlement and of peace," Kerry said, adding that the United Staes and other nations are not backing the rebels to seek a military victory in Syria."We do so to . . . find a political settlement," he said. "Reliable civilian governance and a stronger and more effective armed opposition will better enable the opposition to be able to provide the counterweight to the initiative of Assad to reach out across borders . . . to bring Iranians and to bring Hezbollah -- again, a terrorist organization -- to the table."Rebels say they already have received new weapons from allied countries-- but not the United States -- that they say will help them shift the balance of power on the ground, where regime forces have scored recent military victories. Experts and activists said the new weapons include anti-tank missiles and small quantities of anti-aircraft missiles."Our information from Doha says that five countries have decided to start arming us immediately, and four other countries will give us logistical and technical support and, at a later stage, arm the Free Syrian Army," a spokesman for the opposition fighters, Loay AlMikdad, said in an interview with Qatar's Al-Jazeera TV. He said the nations were Arab and non-Arab, but he would not elaborate.It was Kerry's first meeting with his counterparts about aid to the Syrian rebels since President Obama announced that the United States would send lethal aid to the opposition despite concern that the weapons could fall into the hands of Islamists in Syria. That decision was partly based on a U.S. intelligence assessment that Assad had used chemical weapons, but Kerry expressed deeper concern about how Iran and Hezbollah fighters have joined the fight. "That is a very, very dangerous development," Kerry said. "Hezbollah is a proxy for Iran. . . . Hezbollah, in addition to that, is a terrorist organization."Kerry blamed Hezbollah and Assad with undermining efforts to negotiate a settlement and set up a transitional government."We're looking at a very dangerous situation," that has transformed "into a much more volatile, potentially explosive situation that could involve the entire region," Kerry said.The war already has spilled into neighboring countries and is increasingly being fought along sectarian lines, pitting Sunni against Shiite Muslims and threatening the stability of Syria's neighbors. Kerry said top U.S. diplomats are ready to go to Geneva next week to meet with U.N.-Arab League envoy Lakhdar Brahimi and other officials to advance the political process.Doha was the first stop on Kerry's two-week trip through the Middle East and Asia. He is to discuss a wide range of bilateral issues today and Monday with Indian officials in New Delhi -- just one stop on a seven-nation tour where he will tackle prickly U.S. foreign policy issues -- from finding peace between the Israelis and Palestinians to trying to gain traction on U.S. talks with the Taliban to end the Afghanistan war.James Dobbins, U.S. special envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, arrived in Doha on Saturday, but talks with the Taliban, which were supposed to take place in coming days, have not been scheduled. They are to be held at a controversial new political office the Taliban just opened in Doha.Kerry said the Americans and Qataris were on board to help negotiate a political resolution to the war but that it is up to the Taliban to come to the table. "We are waiting to find out whether the Taliban will respond," Kerry said, lowering expectations about the prospects for negotiation. "We will see if we can get back on track. I don't know whether that's possible or not," he said. "If there is not a decision made by the Taliban to move forward in short order, then we may have to consider whether the office has to be closed."At the close of the meeting, the eleven nations -- the United States, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Egypt, Turkey, Britain, Germany, France and Italy -- expressed concern about the growing sectarian nature of the Syrian conflict, renewed their call on the regime to let U.N. investigators probe the reported use of chemical weapons and condemned the intervention of Hezbollah militias and fighters from Iran and Iraq.In a joint news conference in Tehran, Iran Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi and his Lebanese counterpart, Adnan Mansour, lambasted Western powers that arm and support Syrian opposition fighters."I am shocked to see how Western powers speak of human rights and act otherwise when it comes to Syria -- where they arm cannibals who fought in Syria so that they [opposition fighters] continue their atrocities more than before," Salehi said.In their communique, the ministers expressed support for a transitional governing body that would take charge of military and other government institutions. However, they added that "Bashar Assad has no role in the transitional governing body, or thereafter."That is a sticking point with Russia, a key Assad ally that has resisted calls for his removal. Russia might have worked to assure the Assad government's attendance at any future peace conference, but Moscow also has been undermining peace efforts by sending more weapons to help the regime's counteroffensive against the rebels. Russian leaders warn that, if Assad steps aside, the resulting power vacuum could be quickly filled by al-Qaida connected rebels, who are well-armed and aggressive. Story Share Story Share Trending Now 1 Derek Redd: Marshall thinks outside the cable box for broadcasts 2 New leaders begin to emerge for Marshall football 3 Philanthropist Betty Schoenbaum of Shoney's fortune turns 100 4 Former State Police captain now chief in Winfield 5 Rod Run and Doo Wop brings classic cars, music to Boulevard for 12th year Jordan says 900 U.S. troops boost defense in country Previous Story Rollin' on the river Next Story


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Touch, Talk and Listen with full protection, the SealLine Medium E-Case Waterproof Electronics Case by Cascade Designs gives your critical electronics submersible protection while still allowing you to operate them. Things you might find handy way out in the back of beyond. They're completely transparent and feature tough urethane windows that are soft enough to let you easily navigate button-based interfaces. Each have a SealLock closure that ensures waterproof performance and two corner lash points that let you attach cords or anything else to keep your gear secure.
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text:
Yasiel Puig isn't an All-Star after all.
The Dodgers sensation is many things. Nearly everything he's touched has turned into magic since his hyped arrival to the major leagues in June. But Puig is not an All-Star.
Not yet.
The 22-year-old Cuban walked into the Dodgers' clubhouse on Thursday wearing his "Puig 66" T-shirt and was his usual boisterous, playful, energetic, feisty self.
He seemed unfazed he finished second to Atlanta's Freddie Freeman in the National League vote for the last All-Star spot. Puig even wanted to talk to the media through an interpreter before the game, a departure from his usual postgame-only chats.
"I'm happy with it. It's not what I expected for the team or the city," Puig said of the failed chase for the All-Star roster spot. "But you've just got to keep playing."
Puig learned he wasn't first but that he sure is popular. Something he already knows by the cheers at Dodger Stadium and jeers everywhere else he goes on tour.
An exact count of Puig's vote total wasn't released by Major League Baseball. He did, however, surpass the previous record of 15.6 million votes, MLB said. Freeman won with 19.7 million votes.
Teammate Adrian Gonzalez lobbied for Puig, and Puig worked the campaign trail via Twitter.
Puig is batting .394 with eight home runs, 19 RBIs and five stolen bases. There's an amazing sense of anticipation every time he comes to the plate, or crashes into the right-field wall or tries to turn singles into doubles.
If he was disappointed, it didn't show.
"I'm very happy. I don't have my head down at all," Puig said. "I want to congratulate Freddie Freeman for winning the vote. I'm happy for everyone who voted."
Puig does seem to be bothered by his critics, a list that seems to be growing with each and every move he makes. He's under constant scrutiny, but that's what happens when you earn rock-star status in a New York minute.
Before Thursday's game against Colorado, Puig yelled in Spanish in the clubhouse, with reporters there: "I'm (wiping) my (butt) with the good things they say about me. Imagine the bad ones."
His mini-rant was translated by a Spanish-speaking reporter.
Surely, Puig was referring to the USA Today report that he blew off Luis Gonzalez in Arizona on the Dodgers' road trip there earlier this week. Puig vehemently denied it.
"I shook his hand and said hello to Luis Gonzalez just like the rest of my teammates saw I did," Puig said.
It's clear Puig is leery of the media, as are the Dodgers, who made a rule that he would only talk postgame. Puig told a Dodger official that he wanted to talk on Thursday.
"It's easier to play baseball as opposed to talking to the media," Puig said. "It's something new to me. Sometimes people write things that didn't come out of my mouth."
Puig annoyed Arizona catcher Miguel Montero earlier this week. Puig tried to score from third base but knew he was going to be out by a mile and lowered his shoulder into Montero anyway. Montero and Puig exchanged words on Puig's way to the dugout and Montero later said Puig is doing "stupid things."
But that didn't seem to bother Puig. He scoffed at the notion he might change his style or notion.
"Everyone is entitled to their opinion," Puig said. "Everyone has their own opinion. That's just the way it is ... I will play my game the way I play my game. Whoever doesn't like it ..."
Fans like him plenty. They showed him so with 15 million-plus votes for the All-Star game.
Puig could still make the trip if another outfielder were to pull out of the game with an injury.
A break might be just the thing Puig needs. All that wall-crashing and opposite-field hitting and game-winning heroics surely have taken a toll.
Puig is many things, but for now, All-Star is not one of them.
@jillpainter on Twitter


text:
Photographer's Note
The employee of a large supermarket in Klaipeda makes a break. She sits next to a door outside of the market and seems lost in thought. Perhaps she is already thinking about home. I took a photo.
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Critiques | Translate
Hello Wolfgang
I like the back streets where interesting events occur: cigarette break (it's unlawfull to smoke in the shops) and time to go back to work.
Nice everyday life situation.
mursaloglu (8682) 2012-04-24 3:14
hello Wolfgang
I like this picture. great reality and very catching moment. The colors and compo also are very good bravo ihsan
Glint (6171) 2012-04-24 3:59
Hello Wolfgang,
I enjoy candid shots like this, especially when they have a good grahical element.Strangely, the woman seated seems much smaller than the woman going through the door. I guess this must be an optical illusion.
well seen,
chandrapranil (1087) 2012-04-24 5:34
Hi Wolfgang,
Great timing with this shot. The employee provides really good scale - her presence certainly adds a great dimension to this photo.
Nicely composed!
CanmoreKevin (2111) 2012-04-24 6:01
Guten Tag Wolfgang,
Another wonderful capture. Great composition.
yquem46 (38752) 2012-04-24 7:47
Hi Wolf
Nice compo around the large basketball poster with one tiny lady (as compared to the giant players) having some rest with a cigarette and the other one, opening the door as if she was about to enter into the game itself
Well seen, well done !
Have a nice evening
SnapRJW (31629) 2012-04-24 8:21
Hello Wolfgang - You have a knack of seeking out these little windows into modern life, the picture speaks with a clear voice, no word necessary! A fine composition where despite the large sporting image, the portrait of the woman is much more powerful. Excellent. Warm regards Rosemary
Ber (8242) 2012-04-24 11:01
kobieta z boku, jakby jej nie dotyczylo to co sie dzieje obok, czasami fajnie jest sie tak wylaczyc
rbassin (25111) 2012-04-24 11:07
Hello Wolfgang
Une superbe photo, avec la scène expressive.
j'aime bien aussi la porte qui s'ouvre à travers l'affiche.
Bonne soirée
holmertz (63156) 2012-04-24 12:20
Hello Wolfgang,
A woman in black and red sitting in front of a green and grey wall. In spite of competing with the huge advertisement next to her she is able to catch everyone's attention immediately. I like the look of the other woman stepping inside the stomach of the athlete.
Kind regards,
jhm (165890) 2012-04-25 2:54
Hello Wolfgang,
Employees are a lot under big stress and have to sometimes a little fresh air necessary.
Very well compostion, excellent captured.
Sharpness and clarity care for a good image.
Nice done, TFS.
Have a nice day,
karacabeylis (1465) 2012-04-25 3:16
nice catch onto the face!
danyy (0) 2012-04-25 6:50
Bonjour Wolfgang,
un moment de répit, de repos aussi, opposé au poster sur ce mur qui stigmatise l'action et le sport.
Une composition originale.
Du 'bien vu' !
Bartleby (13552) 2012-04-25 9:13
I like this street series of yours. The play of gazes works really fine here with a lot of possible interpretations...
mauro61 (52889) 2012-04-25 23:04
ciao Wolfgang,
sempre un ottimo occhio nel cogliere e nel proporre immagini del genere con un ottimo mix tra realtà e poster,
buona giornata
jusninasirun (17529) 2012-04-26 5:41
Hello Wolfgang.
This is so well seen and framed shot. Nice big poster and the two person are well juxtaposed in this well exposed framing.
Kind regards.
bukitgolfb301 (47035) 2012-04-27 1:24
Hello my dear Wolfgang
Very attractive and sharp and clear description. Nice uasage of a big advertisement! So effective and creative. Thanks for your sharing with your best job and have a good last working day, best regards,
Takero from Tokyo
macjake (76329) 2012-04-30 11:49
Hi Wolfgang
I really like these inner city shots, even though i'm not very good at them.
the women entering the building adds some action and added interest.
there is a quiet mysterious nature to the scene which i enjoy.
interesting scene.
aliabazari (16306) 2012-05-08 21:40
Hi Wolfgang
Very good portrait of this lady resting environment.
At first glance, this picture has good depth and composition.
Fine with high exposure levels.
Very well.
Angshu (56760) 2012-05-13 21:10
Hello Wolfgang
She does look lost in thought & I am not sure whether she actually observed you! Interesting huge poster of the players comparing with the two ladies. Well seen & well done!
rhinos59 (610) 2012-05-13 22:22
Hi Wolf,
great composition,and caught a very interesting expression of the woman,
well done, have a nice week!
Ciao Rino
Waylim (25436) 2012-05-15 12:32
Hallo Wolfgang,
Great shot, It's like a multiple iamges overlayed on each other. Excellent daily life shot if the worker, taking a break on the back side of the store. An excellent documentation and journaylist style image.
My complements and Admiration.
lpi (4857) 2012-05-16 4:17
Hallo Wolfgang!
La composition est excellente, j'aime ton coup d'oeil!
Un genre de cliché que j'affectionne particulièrement!
gezimania (6250) 2012-06-10 23:35
Hi Wolfgang,
She's really not aware of you, her natural expression adds more power to the photo.. I wish there was nobody at the door at the right part so we could easily consantrate on her face mood.. But anyway it's a great shot !
GiovanniG (3718) 2013-07-03 9:46
Hi Wolfgang,
Your portfolio is exceptional and has so many extraordinary captures which so thought provoking. I chose this one because as you so well state I wonder what the young lady is thinking as well as the one going through the picture through the door. I even like the stand pipe which maybe is giving gas to the sitting lady so she can sort out her future. Well reasoned and captured Wolfgang.
Warm regards,
Photo Information
- Copyright: Wolfgang Schanze (wolf38) (31296)
- Genre: People
- Medium: Color
- Date Taken: 2012-04-00
- Categories: Daily Life
- Photo Version: Original Version
- Date Submitted: 2012-04-24 1:58
- Favorites: 1 [view]


text:
The end of season Wiltshire five-minute chess championship takes place tonight.
There will be one overall tournament with prizes determined by the entry level, all entry fees being returned as prize money.
Those taking part should be at the Merlin Pub, Drove Road, Swindon, SN1 3AF, between 7.15 and 7.30.
The entry fee is £3 adults/£1.50 juniors (cash only) and it is expected that there will be seven rounds.
Email firstname.lastname@example.com for further information.


text:
Dr. Mike Houts
Dr. Houts holds B.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering and Nuclear Engineering from the University of Florida, as well as a Ph.D. in Nuclear Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has served as Deputy Group Leader for a 70-person Nuclear Design and Risk Analysis Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and also served as chairman of the 15th, 16th, 17th, and 25th Symposiums on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion. In addition to his duties with Apologetics Press, he presently serves as Nuclear Research Manager at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center where he provides guidance and technical advice on research and development related to the design, development, and utilization of space nuclear power and propulsion systems. He has been the lead author of more than two dozen technical papers related to space nuclear power and propulsion, as well as additional papers related to Accelerator Transmutation of Waste, Plutonium Disposition, and other topics. He has co-authored over 100 technical papers and has received numerous distinguished performance awards. He and his wife have two children, and worship at the Madison Church of Christ in Madison, AL.
[view speaking schedule]


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Even if chemistry tormented you in high school or college, you can master its principles! In this course, you'll gain a solid foundation in the basics of chemistry. Along the way, you'll learn how everything that goes on in your body depends on a chemical reaction. This course also prepares you for a health-related career or for success in a college chemistry course.
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I enjoyed the class. I love biology, so I enjoyed the medical references. It was more fun than my high school course!
Thank you, Holly! This course has helped me tremendously, and I now feel more confident in my chemistry knowledge. I now feel more prepared for a college chemistry course, and I have you to thank!
The instructor presented her lecture in a very easy to understand format. I liked how she tied the lecture into everyday life. It made it even more easy to understand, and the information sticks with me.
One of the truly outstanding aspects of this course is the inclusion of many examples of where and how chemistry affects our biologic lives.
I loved this course. It is a great review for college chemistry. Thank you, Ms. Holly Trimble!
I've mentioned several times what a good writer you are. All the lessons were packed full of information, yet written clearly and interestingly. I know from experience what a challenging task that is....I have really enjoyed this course. I loved how you always included at least one chapter on how the topic of that lesson affects the human body. Also, the assignments were fun!
I really enjoyed the course, and I hope to take another course with you again someday. You did a good job of giving me the edge I need for later on in my Chemistry studies. Thanks.
This is the first online course I have ever taken and I really learned a lot. I think it will help me get through the organic chemistry class that I am taking in the spring. Thank you for teaching me the basics about chemistry. The last time I took a chemistry class was in high school over 26 years ago, and this was a good refresher course.
Excellent course! Exactly the overview and type of content that I needed to better understand chemistry. The instructor was professional and helpful, and the exercises were at the right level for even the non-chemist to understand. Thank you!
This course has certainly created a good foundation as I start my new career in healthcare. Holly has a way of explaining and simplifying topics to make it easy, especially for someone like myself who has no background in chemistry. Thank you, Holly!
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Creation of a Student-Run Internet Radio Station
By Kaitlyn Dennis, Brooke Lyssy, Andrea Plybon and Katy Siciliano
Our project is to create a student-run radio station that will be broadcast on the internet and will provide a basis for possibly expanding to a FM-broadcasting station in the future. We will feature a wide variety of programs that will showcase a diverse range of student and faculty interests, as well as providing alumni, families, and prospective students with an immediate connection to the Southwestern campus.
The project of starting a radio station was more complicated than seemed at first, as we have found in the past several months. In the process of organizing our station, we have dealt with the issues finding an appropriate space on campus for the station, establishing interest among students, building a music library, creating a weekly schedule of programs, researching the legal issues pertaining to internet radio, obtaining high-quality software and audio equipment, training people how to use the equipment, and just figuring out how day to day operations of a station will work. The enthusiasm of the students involved in the station so far has been immense, as well as the campus's response to the idea. We plan to launch the SU Radio Station in early April.


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NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Sunday, September 24, 2017
Research Center
Preventing Alzeihmer's with Nutritional Supplements
I am involved in an Alzheimer`s Study at NIH. I like to keep aware of new findings. I recently heard that something you take or eat can prevent Alzheimer`s. Is there any new information to support that?
Your involvement with the Alzheimer's Study at NIH is greatly appreciated, as it is only through the willingness of volunteers like yourself that progress is made in the fight against Alzheimer's disease (AD). I am not sure what study you are referring to about something you can take or eat to prevent AD, but I can highlight a few. There have been a wide range of studies over the past decade that have looked at the role of a variety of nutritional supplements in the prevention of AD. Studies have shown that Vitamin E, an antioxidant, can delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease and slow down the decline, however, we do not yet know if it can "prevent" AD. Most recently, there has been a lot of interest in the use of supplements of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12, with an ongoing clinical trial in progress using these supplements.
It is thought that folic acid, Vitamin B6 and B12 reduce the levels of an amino acid, homocysteine, which may have a damaging effect on the brain. In general, a theme that is emerging in recent research is that a healthy lifestyle, similar to that publicized as "heart healthy" is most likely going to also be important in diseases of the brain. I would suggest that you visit the ADEAR website (the link is below), this is an excellent website which is part of NIA and it provides up to date information on latest research findings.
Paula K Ogrocki, PhD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
School of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University


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Strength, Pain and Function in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom Amputees: A Nurse-Managed Program
This study has been completed.
University of Tennessee
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
United States Naval Medical Center, San Diego
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
University of Tennessee
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: July 15, 2009
Last updated: October 13, 2015
Last verified: October 2015
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Detailed Description:
The purpose of this randomized control study is to determine if administering neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to the thigh muscles of a below the knee amputee is more effective than the current standard of care in preserving thigh muscle strength. In addition, this study will examine the NMES treatment effects on the participant's gait, quality of life, functional performance of standing, walking, and stair climbing, and symptoms associated with residual and phantom limb pain. The primary aim is to compare NMES plus standard rehabilitation (treatment group) to the standard rehabilitation (control group) by measuring lower extremity muscle strength. The secondary aims are to compare NMES treatment group to the control group by measuring Quality of Life (QOL) and the symptoms associated with residual & phantom limb pain. In addition to the specific aims, this study will also examine the two groups for functional performance and gait patterns after prosthetic fitting.
|Traumatic Amputation
|Device: NMES (EMPI 300PV stimulator) plus standard of care
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
|Official Title:
|Strength, Pain and Function in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom Amputees: A Nurse-Managed Program
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Limb Loss RehabilitationU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by University of Tennessee:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- lower extremity muscle strength and mobility [ Time Frame: Strength: 0, 3, 6-7, 9, 13 wks; Mobility 7, 13 weeks ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Quality of life and symptoms associated with residual limb and phantom pain [ Time Frame: QOL: 0, 7, 13 wks; Symptoms: 0, 3, 6-7, 9, 13 wks ]
|Study Start Date:
|April 2009
|Study Completion Date:
|August 2015
|Primary Completion Date:
|August 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: Standard rehabilitation protocol
The usual care is 12 weeks of the Traditional Military Amputee Rehabilitation Program (TMARP). TMARP training starts 1week after surgical closure of the residual limb. Physical Therapy performs Pre-Prosthetic Training for about 6 weeks, preparing for the prosthetic. After pre-prosthetic training, patients are fitted with their prosthetic leg and began post-prosthetic training with PT. The training focus is lower limb prosthetic proficient in ambulation.
Device: NMES (EMPI 300PV stimulator) plus standard of care
In addition to the standard rehabilitation, the NMES treatment group will receive neuromuscular electrical stimulation to the quadriceps muscle of the residual and intact limb. The name of the NMES device is EMPI 300PV. NMES training will consist of performing 15 to 20 minute stimulation sessions with a 5-minute patient treatment log, 5 times per week for 12 weeks. During each training session, 15 NMES contractions per leg will be completed. Each contraction will be elicited by an electrical impulse (300PV) generated by a battery-operated device. This will be performed at home.
Other Name: EMPI 300PV neuromuscular stimulator
Experimental: NMES w/ rehab
The treatment group receives NMES to the quadriceps muscle of the residual and intact limb plus rehabilitation. The therapy consists of 12-weeks of NMES home training using the EMPI 300PV muscle stimulator. Participants perform training at home for 5days/week; each session consisted of 15 to 20 minutes of NMES to each leg eliciting15 contractions/leg (10 seconds on:50 seconds off), plus a 5-minute patient treatment log, 5 times per week for 12-weeks. Each contraction will be elicited by an electrical impulse generated by a battery-operated device. Two 3" X 5" electrodes which will be placed over the quadriceps muscle group. Participants will train at 30-40% of MVC during weeks 1-6, and 40-50% of MVC during weeks 7-12; incremental increases will be made at the study visits.
Device: NMES (EMPI 300PV stimulator) plus standard of care
In addition to the standard rehabilitation, the NMES treatment group will receive neuromuscular electrical stimulation to the quadriceps muscle of the residual and intact limb. The name of the NMES device is EMPI 300PV. NMES training will consist of performing 15 to 20 minute stimulation sessions with a 5-minute patient treatment log, 5 times per week for 12 weeks. During each training session, 15 NMES contractions per leg will be completed. Each contraction will be elicited by an electrical impulse (300PV) generated by a battery-operated device. This will be performed at home.
Other Name: EMPI 300PV neuromuscular stimulator
Detailed Description:
Traumatic amputation is one of the major injuries seen as a result of Operation Iraqi and Enduring Freedom with the majority being single trans-tibial amputations (TTA). TTA experience significant reductions in thigh muscle strength of the amputated limb during the first year after amputation. The residual limb is less active in daily functions of standing and walking, resulting in progressive atrophy of the quadriceps muscles in terms of a decrease in thigh diameter which is estimated at 25% of pre-amputation diameter. An intervention that may be useful in TTA rehabilitation is neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). The overall objectives of this study is to test two different approaches to prosthetic rehabilitation as potential treatments for improving muscle strength, pain and functional performance of daily activities in military personnel with TTA. Our central hypothesis is that a Nurse Managed NMES rehabilitation program will have greater improvements in muscle strength and pain as compared to the standard rehabilitation protocol alone. The rationale for this study is that NMES could have an additive effect to the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) standard of care program with greater improvements in muscle strength thus enhancing the performance of daily activities, Quality of Life (QOL), and decreasing disability. Such outcomes will ultimately result in decreased economic costs, accelerated rehabilitation, and potentially increase the possibility of these warriors returning to duty. The specific aims are to test Nurse Managed NMES relative to standard rehabilitation by comparing: (1) Lower extremity muscle strength; (2) QOL; and (3) Symptoms associated with phantom pain. In addition to the above aims, specific aims for the post prosthetic phase of the intervention are to compare the two groups for (4) functional performance of daily activities. After pre-testing, participants aged 18 to 55 yrs with a traumatic TTA will be randomly assigned to either the 1) Nurse Managed NMES rehabilitation program (n=30); or 2) WRAMC Amputee Protocol (n=30). Those in the NMES group will receive 12 weeks of electrical muscle stimulation 15 min/day, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Both groups will receive the standard 12-week Walter Reed Army Medical Center rehabilitation protocol. Generalized Estimating Equation methods will be used to build regression models for statistical analysis of the longitudinal data. The significance of this research is that Nurse Managed NMES may be very important for accelerating the rehabilitation of amputees so they can achieve functional independence and regain lost muscle strength in preparation for return to duty.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 55 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Unilateral trans-tibial amputee;
- Military service member at the time of injury (Active Duty, Reserves or National Guard);
- Age ≥18 and ≤55 years; and
- Able to provide freely given informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- A significant co-morbid medical condition (such as severe uncontrolled hypertension (over 160/100 mmHg) or neurological disorders such as epilepsy) where NMES strength training is contraindicated and/or participation would pose a safety threat or impair their ability to participate;
- Unable to speak and read English;
- Implanted cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator;
- Vision impairment where participant is classified as legally blind (we define legally blind both clinically and functionally. Clinically, it is central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with corrective glasses. Functionally, the participant is not able to see the digital numbers on the NMES device with corrective glasses);
- Unwillingness to accept random assignment;
- Currently participating in another research study with an intervention that would potentially confound the outcome variables of this study (we will also instruct participants that joining a study after being enrolled in this protocol is also not allowed); and
- Conflicting co-morbidities including traumatic brain injury (score < 14 on glasgow coma scale), and a contralateral lower extremity injury that causes antalgic gait, pain > 5/10 consistently on the contralateral limb and/or a grade of < 4+/5 in lower extremity.
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00942890
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00942890
|United States, California
|Navy Medical Center
|San Diego, California, United States, 92134
|United States, Maryland
|Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20889
|United States, Tennessee
|University of Tennessee Health Science Center
|Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38163
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Tennessee
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
United States Naval Medical Center, San Diego
|Principal Investigator:
|Laura A Talbot, PhD
|Principal Investigator:
|Michelle Kane, PhD
|Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
|Principal Investigator:
|Michael Rosenthal, PhD
|Navy Medical Center, San Diego
More Information
Keywords provided by University of Tennessee:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 25, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|University of Tennessee
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00942890 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
TSNRP Grant HU0001-08-1-TS10
|Study First Received:
|July 15, 2009
|Last Updated:
|October 13, 2015
Keywords provided by University of Tennessee:
Case Management
Muscle strength
phantom limb pain
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Amputation, Traumatic
Wounds and Injuries
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 25, 2017


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Rashida Jones Shares What's On Her Vanity
The warmth in this TriBeCa living room begins with the orange in the antique Oushak rug from Nazmiyal. The color is picked up by Calvin Fabrics' Chia on Baker's Paris Loveseat. Vintage Gilbert Rohde armchairs upholstered in Clarence House's Maasai, Frits Henningsen desk and chair, and coffee table from Wyeth. Pedestal tables by Egg Collective. Curtains made of David Rockwell's Droplets fabric for Jim Thompson and a woven mesh from Calvin Fabrics soften the light. Frazier étagères from Baker. Lightolier chandelier. Benjamin Moore's Cool Breeze on walls and Barely There on ceiling. Painting by Robert Greene, courtesy of the Allan Nederpelt gallery.
The early-19th-century workbench in the entry, flanked by vintage sconces, "says this apartment is about craftsmanship and curation," Rockwell explains. Photograph by Bill Jacobson, courtesy of Allan Nederpelt. Madeline Weinrib rug from ABC Carpet & Home.
A Dressed-Up, Colorful Kansas City Apartment


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Tomlin makes horrible clock & game mgt decisions routinely and his inability to sit injured players is alarming. Tomlin is a decent position coach with good one liners
Protect Batch for Cleveland? Bent logic at best.
I did not disagree with the QB handling in the game. But what I do disagree with is the recurring theme that not using Batch was not to risk him getting banged up and then not having any experienced QB for the next few games. What? If replacing Leftwich would have been considered the best option to win the game then it had to be done. Obviously it was not deemed necessary.
Who is to know that Batch will not get dinged very early in the game this week? A possibility for sure. Then TS are forced to play a new QB without any real preparation. If Batch had played in the Raven's game and did get hurt TS would have all this week to truly prepare the new QB. And believe it or not there have been a high % of instances where the new QB does extremely well.
Don't care for the way the guy coaches in certain situations. Don't like to throw specifics for two reasons. 1. Name throwers call you delusional because you hold a different opinion. 2. Not trying to talk anyone out of their opinion and convince them they're wrong.
If I offended anyone with my generalities.....sorry and so be it.