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[Page 165]
1. We already mentioned in a prior chapter how according to the Germans, it was a crime to help the suffering prisoners of war, who in our area were brought to Berezvetsh. The Kazliners, who lived not far from the prisoner of war camp, ignored the decree. They couldn't withstand the temptation to help. The Kazliner family would bring bread for the prisoners. They would do it secretly, thinking that no one would find out about it. The Germans did notice it, and they took all of them into the nearby wood and shot them. The common grave of eight martyrs of the family is found near the graves of the prisoners in Berezvetsh Forest not far from the monastery.In general such murders took place without pause during the time of the German occupation. With these many victims it impossible to make a list of all the deliberate murders which could be estimated in the thousands.
2. Rumors spread that the engineer Max Ostrovsky was arrested. The Jews were already in the Ghetto at that point. His wife and brother in-law, the dentist Yash, ran about seeking advice and strategies how to rescue him. Nothing helped. A few days later it became known that Ostrovsky is no longer amongst the living. They searched for reasons or some crimes he committed as the reason he was killed, and none could be found. By nature he was a quiet, calm man. Some tried to explain it by the fact that he had held a position as an engineer with the Soviets and had worked in Berezvetsh, near Glubokie. Only later did we become aware of the fact that a certain Lablanka, a White Russian neighbor, was responsible for his murder. Later Labanka was a policeman. Lablanka was angry with him, and in this way he got even. This had taken place early on. The Jews were still naïve, they didn't understand yet that people could kill someone for no reasons whatsoever. To spill innocent human blood was incomprehensible for them. They were very upset by the events, until a new carnage occurred and the fresh victims made them forget the old one .
3. The Leshnitzi (forest overseer) Shell rode through the city on April of 1943. He was a tall, healthy looking, broad shouldered German, with a full reddish face, wearing a green hat with long feathers. He was riding along the street and shooting to the right and left and to all sides. This episode of the wild German beast cost some Jewish victims. One of them was the young boy, Mishal Chavkin. He stood in the courtyard of Nathan Gitelson talking to an acquaintance. A stray bullet of Shell's hit and critically wound him. He suffered for six weeks and died with frightful pains. He was an only son to his parents. Also wounded by Shell was Haberkorn, the former teacher in the Jewish Trade School in Glubokie; a Jew from Beldyuke and others.
4. During Passover of 1943 the spilling of Jewish blood occurred again. It happened in this way: Zalman Fleisher had served as a guard in the local White Russian compound. He used to meet there with his Christian acquaintances, and with some of them he conducted business - exchanging things for food products. The Gendarmerie found out that Fleisher bought a piece of butter from a Christian, and wanted to arrest him for it. The chief of the Gendarmes, Kern, sent the Gendarmes into the Ghetto and Fleisher became aware of it and hid. They decided to take three other Jews in his place. This was during one of the Passover nights. According to Drisviatzky, a young man and great scholar, and his 16 year old son, Chloine, the escapee was being escorted in the evening by Lipa Landau, who had fled from a slaughter pit in June of 1942, when his wife and children were killed. Landau, a Jew who was ordained and had a higher education, was having dinner with Drisviatzky. As mentioned, he was a deep Talmudist, mathematician and linguist. After dinner he left the house with his son to accompany Landau, and engaged his guest in Torah conversation and wisdom. At that moment the Gendarmes came into the Ghetto and seized the three of them and took them away. Mrs. Drisviatsky and her other son, Moshe, waited in vain, thinking that they would soon return. They never returned Feeling that a great tragedy had occurred, all night Moshe quietly watched the ghetto. When it began to dawn a bit, he saw through the fence how the three victims were being escorted by the Germans to the Barak, a wooded area in which they would regularly carry out their murders.
The policemen told how the arrested Jews cried and prayed the entire night, (saying the final confession). Prophetically they were saying goodbye to each other, in such a manner that it even made an impression upon the policemen the murderers, who bathe themselves in Jewish blood, couldn't come to themselves and talked about it for a long while. (Drisviatzky's oldest son, Yehoshua, was murdered before Passover, 1942.)
5. A large number of people in the Ghetto were executed in the months of April and May, 1943, for speculation. They caught them with products, which they used to bring with them into the Ghetto, when they returned from their labor. Their sentence had been sealed beforehand. In this way, at the beginning of May, there were shot, the butcher, Shalom Tzentziper, by whom they found a hen clutched to his bosom. A few weeks later, his son Shepsel was shot without cause. (In the Ghetto they had already stopped asking for reasons, because they had become used to such happenings. They became so used to it that they cease looking for excuses .
6. Police came into the tricot factory at the end of May 1943. In the middle of the day they took out Libe Krapivnik, who, naked and barefoot had barely escaped from the slaughters in Vilna in 1942.. Her mother and other relatives ran to the Judenrat, to the Jewish Police, crying and pleading, shaking the world, but nothing helped. She and other criminals were taken to the Barak and shot.
7. The bloody German, Heinliat, (a young shkotz) found out in May that the blacksmith, Shlomo Kreines of 71 Vilna Street, had shoed a horse belonging to a peasant he was acquainted with. He ordered that Kreines be immediately arrested, and he was also taken to the Barak and shot. He was not the only victim that this Heinliat murdered. During the summer of 1943, he noticed the 10-year-old boy, the son of the tailor Zelik Glassman, carrying in a kerchief some berries. In general berries and green vegetables were forbidden to Jews. Heinliat chased the boy. The boy was swift and managed to escape and hide. Heinliat ordered the Jews to search for the criminal threatening that he would shoot dozens of Jews in place of the boy. By a miracle we escaped only with a scare at the time, and with a nice gift of beating. There were no victims as a result of this incident.
8. At the same time the wife of Zalman-Velvel Ruderman was shot. Once when she returned from her labor, at the Ghetto gate they found that she was carrying two concealed eggs, which she wanted to smuggle into the Ghetto.
9. At the beginning of June the coachman, Abraham Budav went out in the evening after curfew, to close the shutters of the shoemakers workshop on Vilna Street (Minushkin's house), where he served as a watchman. By chance a policeman noticed this. Budav wanted to bribe the policeman and gave him his gold watch. The policeman took the gold watch and took Budav to the Police Station, from where he was taken to the grave in the Barak
10., Nathan Kraut, the former official of Bir-Zavod, was carrying a sack with a bit of salt on a day at the end of June, 1943. Goldberg, a German who was responsible for inspections, noticed this and stopped him. Kraut began to run and Goldberg shot and wounded him. Policemen came immediately, dragged him away to the station, where they finished him off.
11. A man named Katz, from Sventzian, was murdered at the same time,. He was a chauffeur for the Germans and was close to them. He was envied in the Ghetto, since his family's safety was secure, or so everyone thought. He was a sort of official by the Germans, people deluded themselves that as long as he still kept his family in the Ghetto, then perhaps the situation is not so terrible. or better still, Jews wanted to delude themselves, deep down they knew the gravity of their situation. One day Katz drove into the Ghetto at night and quietly removed his wife, children and mother-in-law. Shultz, a German chauffeur acquaintance of his, , told him secretly that something was going to happen in the Ghetto, some mass slaughter. When it was discovered in the morning that he was gone, a terrible fright seized everyone in the Ghetto. This was because Katz was considered an insider and must know what was to happen. This was a repetition of the Lederman affair, only with greater confusion. Again people ran to hide, and whosoever was able to, fled from the Ghetto. (True, even outside the Ghetto there was no safe place to go, but that wasn't even considered ). There was no way out. As always the Judenrat blindly believed in the good promises of the German officials, that there would be no slaughters in Glubokie. Immediately, in the morning they went to Headquarters, told about the fear and the panic which had been created and asked what was going to happened. The messenger was calmed and told to calm all the Jews. The-rumors are but a provocation, for which those responsible will be pursued. They kept their word. A punishment was carried out. But not against the German, Shultz, who had fabricated the rumor, but against Katz. The latter was immediately arrested. They found where his wife, children and mother-in-law were hidden and took them to the Barak to be shot.
12. Approximately the same time, they arrested the Genda-Yaakov Krashnevsky, who according to the ploy (see above) would stand guard at night to see to it that no Jew should, God forbid, sneak out of the ghetto. The Judenrat immediately intervened on his behalf and vigorously explained his important mission that he carried out, and they freed him. A few days later he was seized again, sent to the Barak and shot.
13. They also shot Salye Brown, because they had found out that she was on friendly terms with a Christian young man by the name of Vitye Sharaveika.
14. Not a single day passed without some victims. On a July day the local Police caught someone named Salye (or Beryl) Sverdlin, who was leading a cow. People who never lived in a Ghetto world cannot imagine how great a crime this appeared to be. This wasn't a hen, or a pair of eggs, or a beet. This was a whole cow The Germans with their great refinement, with their entire Kultur of torturing people, were unable in the case of Sverdlin, to think up a suitable punishment. Shooting him or hanging him could be done only once. That's what was done for a hen, for a pair of eggs, as had been done to Tzentziper and Ruderman. They tortured him until he lost his senses and afterwards shot him. They couldn't do any more. The impression remained, however, that Sverdlin had not been punished enough for his crime.
15. At the same time they also murdered the 60 year old Mote Gurvitsh (Mote Yude-Itshes of Kisheleike). His crime? He was driven out to clean the street, and from the distance he greeted a peasant acquaintance of his.
16. At the beginning of July, 1943 a Michael Alperovitsh and his wife, Bertha (refugees from Kurenets?) arranged with a railroad official, that he should lead them into the forest to the Partisans. They went to the agreed upon place on the road to Konstantinova. There, awaited them scouts to show them the way. They led them into the forest, but instead of taking them to the Partisans they took them to the Germans, who murdered them on the spot.
17. At the same time, Shimon Godin, without any reason at all, was taken from his labor at the electric station. The young man was first taken to the Police, and a few days later to the Barak' where he was shot.
18. A few weeks later, Velvel Godin, his father, was killed. His death came about in a completely original fashion. In the middle of the day Velvel Godin walked to his labor on Vilna Street (not far from the former synagogue of the Raiak brothers). Yaremek, a local baker, drove up in his truck and on purpose drove fast into Godin and crushed him to death. If Yaremek had done it playfully or he had a grudge against Godin - is not known. The fact was that Godin was left lying dead on the road in a puddle of blood and Yaremek rode merrily away with a smile on his lips. The face of that local bandit expressed his true pleasure. A former neighbors of Jews, and friend of Jews, had felt such joys from his deed. (In the city he knew all of the Jews and all of the Jews knew him.)
Over and above the fact that everyone was already used to the senseless murder of the Glubokie Jews, the incident with Godin made an especially strong impression. First; because of the fact that a local inhabitant committed this, someone who lived together with the Jews for many long years, and secondly because the dead man's crushed body was brought to his home, and his large family began to eulogize him. The cries could be heard over the entire Ghetto, and everyone's bloody wounds were reopened. And the entire Ghetto was engulfed in one great wailing - and the wailing and crying multiplied
19. Yoshke Feigelson (a flour and grain merchant from Rain's family on Vilna Street) was taken away in the middle of June, 1943. The Germans took him for the crime that his two sons, Zalman and Don, had joined the Partisans. Their mother and younger brother, Labele, the sons took out of the Ghetto into the forest, but the father refused to go, so he paid for it with his life in the Ghetto. (Later the mother died in the forest. The circumstances aren't known). The Germans were not satisfied with only one victim. At night They took from their beds, his sister, Sarah, and her daughter, Nechama Ram. They kept them overnight in Police Headquarters, and at dawn, took them to the Barok and murdered them. A few weeks later, Christians saw the dug up corpse of Nechama Ram at the grave, that had been attacked by dogs. The brothers, Zalman and Don Feigelson, were active Partisans in the Panamarenka Brigade, in the forests of West-Belarus. They distinguished themselves in their fighting against the Germans.
20. Pinye Yungelson and his nephew, Leibl Yungelson had worked for several months for the official in charge of national interests, Habel. At first everything went well. They served the Germans, worked with all their might, even though their masters tired them as much as possible.
In July, 1943 one early morning, they were seized at work. Habel's wife thundered that the Jews had stolen butter from her. This was a slander. The truth was entirely different. Leib Yungelson had taken a revolver, with the intention of fleeing at night, from the Ghetto into the woods. Label's wife saw this and tried to hide the truth. When the Gendarmes came to arrest the Yungelsons, Leibl fell upon them with the revolver. The Gendarmes quickly disarmed him and took them both away.
[label's wife wanted the Jews to suffer a horrible death. She wanted them to set up, in the middle of the Ghetto, two posts with hooks in them so that the two be hanged by the neck on the hooks. When this became known in the Ghetto, it made life so unpleasant, that everyone was envious of those who were lying in the Barok, murdered. These two Jews were relatives of the Commandant of the Jewish Police, Yude Blant, and he turned worlds to assure that they wouldn't be killed in such a way. The Jews gathered up a great deal of gold and jewelry and delivered it to the German, Habel, and barely managed to convince him that the Jews be punished in the normal fashion. The Yungelsons were taken to the Barok, where they were murdered, as usual, by being shot It may sound strange, but as a result of this outcome the Jews of the Ghetto could breathe easier
21. The Germans learned that Fleisher's wife and her two grown daughters were in the Ghetto. Even though, for Fleisher's crime, there had already been victims (see above), the Germans came into the Ghetto at night. They broke the fence at the point where it was opposite the Fleisher home, and did not come in through the gate. They dragged from their beds the naked Mrs. Fleisher and her two daughters (very beautiful girls), took them to the Barak and shot them. On the morrow it was told in the Ghetto how the women had pleaded with their murderers; from their crying stones could have come apart. On these hangmen it made no impression, and they carried on their work calmly and completely.
22. A week after murdering the Fleishers, policemen came into the Ghetto at night. They used the same way as they had come, when they came for the Fleishers. They took Chanan Pintov, his wife, Kayle and their 16 year old daughter. They were taken to prison, and from there to the Barak where all three were shot. Mrs Pintov had been a cook for the Justice Minister's secretary, Guzava. Guzava considered herself a folks German, her husband had been taken out by the Soviets. To this Guzava would often come the Chief of the Gendarmerie, Kern, to while away time. Later Guzava exchanged lover. She abandoned Kern for the regional commandant. Seeking to avoid encounters with German, Kern Guzava told her cook, Kayle Pintov, that in case chief Kern should come, she should tell him that her mistress isn't home. And so it was. Kern came into the kitchen and Kayle Pintov told him that Guzava isn't at home. The German, however, found out that this wasn't so, and at night he drove his Gendarmes into the Ghetto. They broke a hole in the fence right where the Pintovs lived and unexpectedly they seized the Pintovs from their beds, took them to the Barak and there murdered them.
23. a German officer gave a Mr. Chadshan, from Krulevshtzine In July 1943, a few cans of sardines to sell in the Ghetto. In general it was the practice that the Germans would steal products and then do business with the Jews. They would give the Jews who worked for them, items to sell in the Ghetto, and have them bring the proceeds to them. The Judenrat was afraid that the higher German officials (the biggest crooks) would catch those Germans, the thieves, and they would indicate that they were disposing of their stolen goods in the Ghetto. This would put the entire Ghetto in great danger. When Chadash began bringing the sardines into the Ghetto, the Jewish Ghetto Police warned him not to do it. The German officer, taking the example from similar incidents between Germans and Jews, forced Chadash to sell his sardines in the Ghetto. The Jewish Police once confiscated from Chadash several cans of sardines. He told his officer that he couldn't sell his merchandise because the Jewish Police are frightened and warned him not to bring products into the Ghetto, contrary to German decrees. The Jewish Police told the Justice Minister and he assured them that because of this officer no harm would befall anyone. This officer came to the Judenrat, and there he met Chaim-Ber Gordon (a member of the Judenrat who was responsible for the Jewish Police) and asked that the policeman, Isaac Weinstein be surrendered, because he was the one who had taken the sardines from Chadash. Weinstein hid and Gordon refused to give him up (He trusted the promise of the Justice Minister). The next day Gordon was arrested and turned over to the S. 1). The Judenrat understood that they had been deceived by the promises of the Justice Minister, who, during the entire time of this disagreement with the German, had promised that the officer did not have the authority to do any harm. Gordon thought; that he, as a Police official was untouchable. The Judenrat began to seek ways to approach this officer in order to appease him and still his anger. They sent community leaders and messengers to him, who gave him gold, in order for him to free Gordon. Naturally he took the money, but he did not free Gordon. He was murdered with horrible tortures. First they broke his fingers in a door, pulled the teeth out of his mouth, and tore the limbs from his body, until he perished.
24. A few days later, Issac Weinstein was seized by the Germans. Also here all means were tried to save him from the murderers. Again the German officer (the merchant of these products) was given money and jewels which he took with the promise that he would free him. Weinstein's fate was the same as that of Gordon. They murdered him in a horrible way, with frightful tortures.
25. Rachel Pildas, a daughter of Beryl Pildas (Beryl Makar), had in the time of the Soviet occupation, married a Christian, had children by him, and was sure that she was no longer Jewish and would be free of the German troubles. All of the time she had lived outside of the Ghetto. The Germans, had a different opinion about this situation. According to them she was truly Jewish. She was once arrested and her husband managed to ransom her. He would bribe the Police, and they would ignore the facts. This situation continued this way until July. 1943. In July the Police came and arrested Rachel and her children, took them into the Barok and shot them.
We've only verified a few of the incidents, in order to show how cheap Jewish blood was; that for a bit of salt, for a few eggs, for not properly greeting a German soldier, or for no reason at all, they would immediately murder. We will mention one more characteristic incident of murder for not wearing the yellow badge. This happened to a 17 year old boy (we don't remember his name), who worked for the Gendarmes in Moshe Kraut's courtyard on Zamkove Street. On a summer morning in 1943, the boy came to work and was met on the street by a Gendarme, who noticed that his badge was not sewn on properly to his overcoat (Germans loved order and neatness ). The Gendarme did not think about it for a long while, but, in cold blood drew his revolver and shot the boy. The victim lay in a puddle of blood in the middle of the street until other Jews came by, who were ordered to carry him off and wash away the puddle of blood, so it would be clean. (This made a strong impression even on the Christians and they avoided that street. They no longer made remarks among themselves about Jews.)
We also want to mention a few incidents when Jews were released from arrest, because the Germans needed them. One incident - in June, 1943, when Vitvitzki, the Tzirkovetz arrested Alte Gelman (previously the manicurist), by whom he had found her instruments. Thanks to the fact that she had served the Folk German, Guzave, she made the effort and they freed her. In this way Gelman's life was extended by two months. (Alte Gelman and her sister Sonye, perished during the liquidation of the Glubokie Ghetto).
It is worthwhile mentioning, that the Germans, who would arrest someone and knew that other Germans needed him for some purpose and would make the effort to free him, would murder themselves the one arrested abruptly. This is what happened to the family of Hanan Pinkov, with Pesye Gordon and others.
Another incident reminds us of the teacher, David Pliskin, who worked for Commandant Rosentreter as a translator. Pliskin was able to court the favor of the German, and got along with him quite well. The Commandant would give him food from time to time and treated him somewhat better. The German headquarters, where Pliskin worked, was on Zamkove Street, in the former casino. There in the courtyard there grew several blueberry bushes. Once, in June, 1943, Pliskin went over to a bush and picked several blueberries. A German engineer noticed it through a small window of a neighboring house, where he was sitting. He was not too lazy to run down to Pliskin, shout at and taunt him with the worst language. At the questions of the engineer, how come a Jew, allowed himself to pick blueberries, Pliskin, out of fear, answered that Heit, the orderly of the Commandant, allowed him to do so. Heit really wanted to take the blame upon himself and clear Pliskin. The engineer then fell upon Heit, called him a bad German, a truly cultured and intelligent German would never allow a Jew to eat blueberries, and so forth. The cultured and intelligent engineer beat Pliskin severely and in a great fit ran into his house to fetch his revolver. During this time the Commandant ran to the Chief of the Gendarmerie, Kern, told him the entire story, and asked that this time his Jew be forgiven for his transgression, since he was very useful to him. Kern could riot forgive such a crime, but, on the other hand, it was difficult to completely ignore the request of the Commandant, and so he agreed substitute a stiff fine in place of the death penalty.
Kern, at this time, strictly warned that if it should occur again that a Jew eat blueberries, fruit, fat, vegetables and other such delicacies, he would not escape death, which is the punishment for it. This Germans carried out to the letter of the law.
Many Jewish lives were swallowed up by the graves of the Barok because of a bit of strawberries, a bit of milk, cream, for not greeting Germans, or for greeting non Germans, for this and for that because the destroyer had the right because the intelligent Germans, and their local cultured cronies couldn't live without spilling blood.
[Page 176]
On the 17th of August 1943, the regularly employed Jews went off to Krulevshtzine to their labor and did not return at night. The relatives became very worried, they cried and wailed but had to limit themselves to hysteria, because going out of the Ghetto to look for them was absolutely forbidden. The reason for the Jews not returning to the Ghetto was as follows:
A specific group of Ukrainians and Russians, who had organized themselves under the leadership of a certain Polkovnik Radianov to help the Germans against the Soviets, finally decided to join up with the Soviet Partisans and take revenge on their former allies, the Germans. The Radanovtzes, well armed, were sent by the Germans to the Dokshitzer Region to clear the Partisans out of the woods, where they ( the Partisans) were strongly harassing the Germans. The Radianovtzes, after making their secret agreement to join up with the Partisans, fooled the Glubokie German Garrison into coming to Krulevshtzine on the 17th of August, in order to jointly clear the woods and once and for all rid themselves of the plague of the Partisans in that region. The Glubokie Germans accepted this happily. On the 17th of August and the Gendarmerie and other Germans, approximately 150-200 men, , armed to the teeth in armored vehicles, drove off to Krulevshitzine. The Radianovizes were already waiting for them there. They surrounded the Germans and greeted them with heavy fire with their own weapons, which was given to the Radianovizes. There was an intense battle, which lasted for several hours. The result of the battle was fatal for the Germans. There were dozens of casualties and wounded Germans were left on the battlefield. The Chief of the Radianovizes Gendarmerie, the bloody Kern, may his name be blotted out, was also killed there. They also sabotaged the railroad station (a large hub terminal), the water pump and other installations. After the victory, the Radianovtzis withdrew from Krulevshtzine into the surrounding woods, and took with them the Glubokie Jews, who had been working there for the Germans. Among them was Chaim Hertz, Sragavitsh (a grandson of Itshe Sragavitsh), Siame Shrira (Padnas' son-in-law) and others.The next day, the 18th of August, the Germans brought their casualties from Krulevshtzine into Glubokie, where they had to be buried with great honor as heroes who had fallen for the Fuhrer and Fatherland.
[Page 178]
The Germans tortured the Jews and murdered them one after another with ferocious bestial cruelty. The tears of mothers had no effect on them. Nither the cries of the little ones, nor the pleading of the old. They did their carnage diligently. With demented passion they scoffed at the unfortunate, the helpless Jews. We still today become excited when we remind ourselves of the frightful scenes;
A woman from whom they had just torn away her children, runs with tousled hair broken hands, and staring eyes and screams, not with her own strength: My children, children mine, where are you?!
A man goes to the woman and faints in the middle of the street and there is no one even who can look upon them and so on and so forth . People in general walked around like shadows, not grasping what was happening to them. One thing they did see, that the sword hovers and is being lowered upon everyone - on one a little sooner, and on another a little later . They could sense it in the air that this was not yet all that the ultimate doom was still to come. They sensed that a most tragic day would soon arrive . The Germans will gather everyone together and liquidate them all at once, they would erase the entire Jewish community of Glubokie of the face of the earth. And when an S. D. unit settled itself in Glubokie at the beginning of the summer of 1943, they were looked upon as angels of destruction, who had come here for a special mission of eradication, of liquidation, of annihilation.
The frightful day of calamity approached. All sorts of changes, which were previously introduced into Ghetto life, bore witness to this.
There came a strict order from the civil administration during the closing days of July 1943. No Jew may remain outside of the Ghetto after 4:00 P. M. !! Since many Jews worked in various places for the Germans until 7:00 or 8:00 P. M. the Commissar ordered that the Germans for whom the Jews worked, must release their Jews before 4:00 and they must return to and remain in the Ghetto from that hour on. There also came an order to eliminate the evening shifts in the various workshops and enterprises which were outside of the Ghetto, since these Jews had often stayed outside of the Ghetto overnight.
And a remarkable change occurred: at the beginning of August the individual murders were actually lessened, and almost nonexistent. This temporary relief was perceived by the Jews of Glubokie with even more suspicion, and the nervousness reached the point of categorical insanity. All of this easing of the situation was looked upon as the calm before the earthquake, quietness before the storm. These were all preparations for a general liquidation of the entire Ghetto. The heaven over the Ghetto of Glubokie became blacker from day to day and the Jews simply couldn't see before them any brightening. The so called Sufficiently abbreviated area of the Ghetto, was, during the last few days, cut down even more. They carried (Jews themselves, at the order of the authorities) the barrier which bordered behind Lomzer Street, thereby putting that street out of the Ghetto area, and the Jews from there were shoved into Legianov (Old Kisheleike) and other side streets. All of this was carried out for strategic reasons. The more the Jews were pressed together, it would be speedier and easier to murder them. Also the night-guard around the Ghetto was reinforced. The Jews in the Ghetto did not sleep, and in the dark they would spy on the movements of the Germans on the other side of the Ghetto wall.
When Rubashkin (The Jewish Elder, who had replaced Lederman) told the Justice Minister, who actually considered himself a protector of the Jews of Glubokie, that the Jews are extremely frightened because of the reinforcement of the night-guard, the Justice Minister calmed him down and assured him that it had nothing to do with the Jews, but it is simply connected with the overall war plan. Understandably, no one was so naive, and the assurance did not calm anyone. Almost every one of the August days, the German S. D. men would enter the Ghetto; also Gendarmes and others, and they would steal, rummage and not be particular. None of the refined items were to be found among Jews for a long while already, so they took whatsoever came into their hands. It is typical to mention how a German Officer, an engineer, took from Manve Friedman old patched children's clothing. A second officer, who had been a teacher, took from Chana Abramovitsh a patched nightgown.
The method of stealing was also an indication that the days of the Glubokie Ghetto were numbered. There was no way out. Fleeing from the Ghetto was now impossible. (Previously it had also been difficult enough.) The Germans and their lackeys watched every movement. The Jews, who had prepared bunkers in the Ghetto, carried bread and water into them and prepared themselves to crawl into them at any moment. These had been kept secret, one from the other, since they were afraid that it would become known
The situation was a hopeless one. On the 18th of August, in the morning, the day after the battles in Krulevshtzine, when the fear of death among the Jews was indescribable, a few souls fled to the Ghetto boundary. The Germans on the other side of the barrier opened fire, the Jews died in the field. Among those who perished were Yerachmiel Verch, Zud and others. Thursday, the 19th of August, in the evening, the SS men came to the Judenrat and took away everything that was there . Clothing, footwear, linens and so forth, which the Judenrat had assembled in order to bribe the Germans and the Police. They also took away the safe from the Judenrat.
[Page 180]
All of this was carried out silently, calmly, with unusual security, in order to deceive and cover-up the preparations for the coming mass carnage.
The nervousness among the Jews of the Ghetto grew in the same measure that the enemy's preparations, grew. Almost no one slept that night. The children weren't undressed for their sleep. All were out on the street, just like the Germans were at the perimeter of the Ghetto, so were the Jews inside the Ghetto. All were careful not to disturb the quiet. The situation can be compared to a place where a critically ill person is to be found and everyone is careful about speaking softly, avoiding a creaking door. There hovered in the air the feeling that everything must be quiet, that no sign of being awake was to be revealed to the other side. It was as if everyone's breath was being held, and all heads were filled with lead. People whispered among themselves, consulted about what to do, but there seem to be no way out of the situation. It was all too clear, that it wasn't a matter of days, but one of hours and minutes, which were moving along and bringing the end ever closer.
Some who possessed stronger nerves, who were capable of keeping their heads even when the slaughterer's knife was already at their throats, attempted under the cover of the night to hurl themselves against the Ghetto barrier. They searched for a hole, a crevice, and some way to sneak out. But no matter where they hurled themselves, they found someone on the alert on the other side. Those on guard were so calm, lay so quietly, sat. stood or patrolled, so that it gave the impression that a blood thirsty animal was lurking and waiting for its victim to come out into the open, in order to easily spring upon it. The Jews at the barrier also moved quietly, on tiptoe, and conversed only with eye movements. The Germans and police outside of the Ghetto noticed that the Jews were moving about near the barrier and are looking for places to get out. They did not react, did not call out, but just waited for the condemned to come through the barrier, that the victim should himself jump into their mouths It was a situation whereby He who flees loses his staff, the strong his courage, the hero and fleet of foot cannot escape and he who seizes the bow cannot stand (Amos, II, 14) - No one here could save himself.
The children shivered like leaves and the parents could find no way to console them. Some mothers tried to convince their little ones that the Germans had encircled the Ghetto only in order to frighten the populance. Large number of mothers had fallen into such apathy, that they couldn't react to the terrible situation of their children - Parents couldn't tend to their children because of their own helplessness. (Jeremiah, XLVII) Death itself was really much easier, than this waiting for it
[Page 181]
Before dawn, at 4:00 A.M., a German Officer arrived in the Judenrat and announced that in 2 hours all Jews are to assemble at the Judenrat, from where they will be sent to work in Lublin ! And the Glubokie Jews at that time did not know the meaning of the word Lublin. They hadn't heard of the infamous Maidenek and its smoking gas-ovens . They did know perfectly well the meaning of the term to go to work when the Germans used it as collective term But there was no way to save oneself. The Ghetto was all enclosed, one couldn't even speak of escaping. And in place of pondering about saving themselves, the Glubokie Jews all wished that they would quickly he shot and not fall a live into the clutches of the Germans, which was considered more difficult than death. There was a most frightful confusion. Women ran about with bulging eyes, disheveled hair and queer cries. Following them - barefoot children who were naked and confused with frightened faces The air was quickly filled with sobbing, pleading and the cries of men, women and children: My child, son, little daughter Children, searching for their parents ran about crying wildly: Father, mother, grandpa and so on and so forth .
The unfortunates threw themselves towards the Ghetto barrier as if by a special command, in an attempt to break out. As was to be expected the Germans opened a heavy fire. From all sides guns were being fired, grenades were thrown, machineguns firing and bombs exploding. The noise of the shooting mixed in the air with the cries and pleading of the victims. People fell like flies, like grass under a mower and in a very short time the streets of the Ghetto as well as the surrounding area were sown with corpses. The strange cries and groans of the wounded now drowned out the earlier sounds, they were suffering terrible tortures as they expelled their last breath. The bullets of the enemy cut off their calling for their mothers and father the screams and crying of the children who with their fingers and their little hands groveled in the earth, throwing themselves convulsively, and calling for a last time: Ma-ma, ma-ma!.. - A frost envelops the heart as we recall these scenes, as the prophets cry rings out My intestines squirm, the walls of my heart pound (Jeremiah). From this, so it seems, the wildest of animals would bend and shrivel. But this shiver did not reach the European, cultured Germans, the supermen of thinkers and poets, whom we cannot compare to any other strange creature on this earth.
The fallen were the lucky ones Those, who were still alive, were envious of them. The wounded who were rolling in the streets, on top of and under the dead, pleaded for mercy from the murderers,. Requesting that they end their misery, so that their suffering would cease. Not all of them had the good fortune to meet up with good Germans, who showed pity arid put them out of their misery with a bullet The vast majority of the murderers, with wild sarcasm, laughed. It's a pity to waste a bullet came the abrupt answer, - In a few hours, you, Jew, will die on your on
Sonye Ozshinsky, the wife of the bookkeeper, Michael, who was critically wounded, rolled through the refuse, through the sewage, slid herself in terrible convulsions, and only at night, on the 20th of August, a German displayed pity and shot her. This also happened to a woman named Dora, a sister of Shmuel Nissan Gelman, and many others. The bitter words of the prophet: The martyrs of the Lord stretched from one end of the earth to the other; they weren't eulogized, they were not gathered and not buried; they were as dung on the face of the earth (Jeremiah, XXV, 33) were fulfilled here in their broadest meaning. The most unfortunate were those who had fallen into German hands alive. This was much worse than being murdered out in the open.
Those, who had prepared hiding places, bunkers, or any kind of hole, crawled into them. People ran to hide themselves in trenches, in ovens, in furnaces - went up in thick clouds and ascended by the palms of their hands (Jeremiah, IV, 29). But even this, to our great misfortune, helped very little. Not one of the fleers could flee, nor any of the escapees escape (Amos, IX). The fate of those hidden ones was even worse. They lived for a few hours and even some for an entire day, but because of it their later death was a lot worse. They were, in their hiding places, in their trenches, cellars, etc. finally choked, or burned alive, or their hiding places were discovered and they fell into German hands alive. Some remained in their own houses and did not even attempt to hide. The murderers drove them into a courtyard near the former cinema Karsa (Podnos' house). There they also brought those who had been caught in the streets and those found in their hiding places. They numbered about 1,000 persons. Two of them saved themselves. They were Raphael Levin (a grandson of Hirshel Moosin) and Pesarh Masnavick's brother-in-law. (Levin's father, David Levin, is in Israel.) They had stolen themselves away from the courtyard and crawled into an old dwelling, where they hid in the stove. From the stove they crawled up the chimney and after a great effort they managed to reach the roof. From there they were later able to save themselves. (According to gathered information the two of them later perished in the forest.) It was also told that after them a girl had squeezed herself into the chimney, where she got stuck in the middle, not being able to move either forwards or backwards. It is all too clear what the fate of someone like that was. We later heard that her feet were cut off and she was Left stuck like that
The 1000 Jews assembled in that courtyard were not shot, but instead, tortured. They were to die all sorts of strange deaths: Stomachs cut open, teeth torn out, ears cut off, noses sliced off, flayed, fingers, hands and feet, chopped off with a hatchet. Women had their hair pulled out and their breasts cut off. Men with beards had the beards pulled out together with the flesh on their faces. (Moshe Abrarnovitsh, Mendel Cohen and others.)
[Page 184]
Planes began to encircle over the Ghetto during the 20th of August, Sabbath eve. It started at about midday. They approached downward very low, actually right over our head, and began firing. Jews were fired at from all sides as well as from above. From the planes they also released a flaming material upon the buildings and almost instantly several hundred homes, the entire Ghetto, was in flames.Certainly the residents of Sodom and Gomorrah, who perished in a moment, did not endure so many evils. Hundreds of people, embracing their little children in the bunkers, dugouts, cellars, pits and other such hiding places, were suffocated or burned alive. If some ran from their hiding places and try to flee, they immediately fell into the hands of the enemy. This scene reminds us of the terrible depiction of the prophet Amos- He who fled from the frightful sound fell into the abyss, and he who came up from the abyss, fell into the trap. Or - As if a man were to flee from a lion, and a bear should meet him; and he enter into the house, and lean his hand against the wall, and a serpent should bite him. Behold, the day of the Lord is one of darkness, and not of light; it is obscure and has no brightness (Amos, V, 19,20). There was no place to hide; there was no escape. The absolutely worse outcome, was to fall into the hands of the enemy. The Germans attempted to catch live Jews, to take tortures vengeance upon the Jews, while they were still alive, was an exceptional amusement for them.
Each and every corner of the Ghetto, was carefully patrolled by the Germans and the Police, as soon as the inferno commence to ignite the buildings. They expected that the Jews would flee from their burning homes. Many victims, adults and children, were captured while fleeing from the burning houses. A few of the many hundreds were successful in escaping through the fire and smoke as well as the bullets of the enemy. The pharmacist, Chaim-Leib Shulheifer, Mina Kasovska, Gildin (the Luzshkier pharmacist) and others were hiding in a well camouflaged room in the house of Chaim-Hanan Fidelholtz on Lomza Street. They had hoped to remain there until the danger passed, until the slaughter was over, and then they would flee to the forest. When the flames penetrated into their room, they ran to Kantorovitsh's dugout on Vilna Street. The dugout was made for 5o people, and there were already over 100 in it, so it was already very suffocating atmosphere. The will to survive was stronger than any reasoning. Those who had fled the fire and found a hiding place, did not consider any of the difficulties involved. They pushed themselves in with their remaining strength.
Not only did they not save themselves, they also brought tragedy upon those who were hidden there from the start. From a distance, the Police watched where they had fled to, and they immediately understood that other Jews were hidden there. But they still unable to find the dugout. It was very well camouflaged. They threw bombs, and grenades and did not hit the target. Then they warned the Jews that they had better come out at once. If not then they'll blow up the entire enclosed area. The warnings did not have to be considered by anyone, because they were already lost. In spite of knowing those facts, instinctively, the majority ran out of the dugout. All of the people who ran out, perished. Pinye Azshinsky relates that several of them fell upon the Germans and the Police, and that Mottke Lederman killed three Germans. This could not be confirmed from any other sources . Thinking that no one else remained in the dugout, The Germans left that area and lifted the siege around Kantorovitsh's brick house. The few who remained there were safe and some of them survived. (Minne Kasovska, Pinye Azshinsky and others).
Approximately an hour after this (it was already evening), the ones who remained in the dugout, heard someone using the well, which had been specially built for the dugout, in order to provide water. They understood that one of the unfortunates must be there, and they let a rope down. From the well they pulled up, on the rope, the 12 year old Yashe Mazavetzky (Yerachmiel Alperovitsh's grandson). He was searching for the dugout and fell into the well
Alter Cohen's nephew, in his undershirt, came running a few hours later. He was looking for a way to commit suicide. He decided to drown himself in the well. He came running to this place from David Munbez's bunker on Lomza Street. He fled from there during the time that shop under which the bunker was located, was already in flames. It had also been packed tight with people. He explained that all of them were choking and suffering terribly from the smoke, and that the heat was unbearable. Everyone removed their outer garments, and were sitting almost naked. When he had left that bunker many were already unconscious. He had undressed , and barely managed to get himself over here in his undershirt. He considered drowning to be an easy death, rather than to be burned alive. Those who had fainted there were treated with cold water. The water quickly disappeared and people actually choked. He told us that no water had remained for his father, who passed out, and they had to treat him with urine.
The Germans and the Police searched all of the dwellings, before setting fire to the Ghetto. They looked everywhere, every corner was searched: In the attics, in storerooms, stalls, ovens, woodpiles, closets, and they even looked inside every chimney. Those whom the hangmen couldn't find, lay in their hiding places holding their breath. They could hear the conversations and to their laughter. They heard how they tapped on the ground with their lances, the sounds of searching and barks: Jew, out, out! The screams of the Germans sometimes affected the Jews more than their bullets. Some of the frail women would roll on the ground and became essentially mentally unstable by all of this horrors.
There were some incidents where little children who cried, were choked with the bare hands of adults in the hideouts, it was feared that their cries would give away the hiding place. (Yehoshua Weinstein, Gordon and others). In the larger, well camouflaged and organized hideouts, belonging to Yaakov Alter, Yehoshua teller, David Munkaz, Kantorovitsh and others, hundreds of people were found. From one such dugout, a policeman pulled out the young beautiful Itkin girl, trembling she pleaded with the policeman to save her life He demanded a reward, such as gold, diamonds a good watch-, and other such things. The girl took out a large gold ring, which she had specially hidden for this black unhappy hour and also all the money she had, and gave it all to the policeman. But the girl's life, it seems, was worth more, as far as the policeman was concerned, and this modest ransom, this bribe, did not satisfy him This shameless, bloodthirsty wild animal, for saving the rife of the girl, wanted something more from her He wanted her virginity, her modesty But in this the bandit made a mistake - for this decent, upright Jewish daughter, her virginity came before her life and was more dear to her. Hearing his words, she ran So fast that neither the policeman, nor his friends, who had quickly come to his aid, were able to overtake her and take her alive. They opened fire on the helpless victim, with automatic weapons, and from a great distance shot her dead. Not everyone in a similar situation was so lucky. Not too many such decent, kosher, Jewish daughters were successful in not falling live into the clutches of the Germans and their local cronies. Not a few women were tortured by these outcasts with the most dreadful of tortures: the tearing out of their hair, cutting open their stomachs, cutting off their breasts, and so on.
The machine guns did not conclude their rattling the entire day of the 20th of August . Bombs, grenades and other explosives, blasted all over. They threw explosives wherever there was some suspicion that a Jew were hidden. As was mentioned, many dozens and hundreds of people met a terrible death in the dugouts and pits, slowly choking under the burning pasture and earth.
The 19th of Av, the eve of the Sabbath, on which the weekly portion was Eykev (In the Book of Deuteronomy), 5703 (20th of August, 1943), on this frightening day of misfortune, on this day of trouble and reprehensions, more than 3,000 Jews perished in Glubokie, at the hands of the Germans and their helpers - local Police - They perished in all sorts of unspeakably horrendous ways.
Several hundred Jews succeeded, in spite of the searches and efforts of the murderers during that bloody Friday, to remain in their hiding places. The fires and smoke did not reach them and the bombs did not hit their hideouts. But the Germans did not cease looking for them. They carried on with their work for several days without pause
The Germans incessantly searched they went about poking around and observing and on the days of the 21st, 22nd and 23rd of August they caught many hidden Jews. It was enough if someone just stuck his head up to steal a glance to see what was going on, the lurkers would uncover the entire hiding place.
There were cases when those in hiding couldn't hold out any longer in the pits and dugouts for days on end, and they came out of their own accord, choosing death as the lesser of two evils
Therefore the obliteration of the last Jews of Glubokie, took several days and in just that short period the streets of the Ghetto became thickly spread with dead bodies and the injured. meanwhile, The Germans and their lackeys - local Christians - marched around with special tools and tore the gold teeth out of the mouths of the corpses, the earrings from their ears, the rings from their fingers and so on and so forth. These wild animals chopped off the fingers with an ax to get the rings, in order to lighten their task, Distinguished in this task from among the local Christians, were a certain Ivan Niedzieletz, Ivan the cripple - Trilop, and others whose names could not be confirmed.
Everything turned to ashes and dust, the Ghetto burned for several days. Corpses, parts of limbs, hands, feet and other portions of human bodies were found in the fields and meadows, in a perimeter of dozen kilometers around the city, there were to be seen severed bodies . Their efficiency in the carnage of Jews was not limited to the city alone. They searched for Jews in the entire surrounding area. They would set ambushes in the bushes, forests or on the roads, riding in their vehicles, lurking for every refugee, who had somehow managed to escape from the city, from the fire, and they would murder him there on the road, in the field, etc.
From the surrounding villages, the Germans drove peasants with their carts. They were forced to be responsible for picking up the corpses from the fields and bringing them to the pits in the Barok forest. Besides the mass graves in the Barok Forest, there were many smaller graves scattered over the fields and meadows around the city. A significant number of the dead remained unburied and their corpses were found eaten by dogs - they became food for wild animals and birds of prey. (The corpses of your servants are food for birds, the flesh of your followers for the wild animals of the forest )
The engineer, Russkevitsh - a Pole, an old inhabitant of Glubokie, whom the Germans had ordered to clean up the area of the former Ghetto of the Jewish victims, -later informed us that they had pulled out from the cellars and pits, with stakes and shovels, half and completely burned bodies. The bodies that weren't burned were swollen, and he could recognize only very few of them. By and large, Russekevitsh knew almost every Jew in the city. He only recognized the body of Abraham-Yehoshua Fidelholtz, the son of Chaim Hannah's, who remained sitting in the cellar, embracing his wife and son so tightly, that even in death it was extremely difficult to separate them He also recognized Moshe Shulheifer and his two daughters. He also recognized a few other Jews, but he had forgotten their names.
All of them had been taken out of the hiding and were buried in a pit in the Barok.
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text:
Philadelphia Freedom Band prepares for inaugural parade performance
Members of the Philadelphia Freedom Band are tuning up for their big moment in the national spotlight with President Barack Obama next week.
"He was the only mainstream Presidential candidate that acknowledged my humanity as a gay person," said percussionist Emily Kesselman of President Obama.
Kesselman and 10 other band members will join about 200 musicians with the Lesbian and Gay Band Association (LGBA) to march in the 57th Presidential Inaugural Parade in Washington, D.C. on Monday.
This week, NewsWorks caught up with the band during practice at the Arch Street United Methodist Church.
Philadelphia Freedom Band President and baritone saxophonist Patti Calandra said that members who were interested in participating in the march submitted applications last year to the LGBA, who then submitted a bid to the Presidential Inaugural Committee.
"When we decided we wanted to do it, we didn't know for sure who we'd be marching for," said Calandra, "so we all rocked the vote to make sure that we were marching for who we'd prefer to march for."
"We're playing some Lady Gaga, some Pitbull and Ne-Yo. We're playing West Side Story," said trumpet player Chris Templeton who is excited but says he'll probably be shaking before the parade. Templeton found a musical home with the Philadelphia Freedom Band a year ago and said the members are dedicated participants even though they are volunteers.
Templeton and the other band members will be meeting with the LGBA inaugural band on Friday in Baltimore to rehearse before heading to D.C. on Monday. Participating musicians from around the country are responsible for their own travel and lodging.
Calandra anticipates a lot of rehearsals in the upcoming weekend which include learning how to march next to people they just met.
"We want to be ready to make the President proud."
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text:
Crystal Palace equalled their Premier League-era club record at Upton Park with their fifth straight win in a row, a record which has stood since 1992 - the inaugural season of the world's richest football league - and in the process mathematically secured their place in the Premier League for next season.
Thanks to Mile Jedinak's 59th penalty, smashed home in front of the sell-out Palace away support in east London, the Eagles now lie in 11th place with 43 points, and somewhat ironically, one place and point below Pulis' former side Stoke City.
The Palace captain had not scored since his last minute strike against Peterborough in May last year confirmed Palace's place in the play-offs and his emphatic penalty strike after West Ham defender Pablo Armero foolishly tripped Cameron Jerome in the box, was the very least the Eagles deserved after dominating large parts of the game.
In recent weeks Pulis has talked about the "togetherness" of his squad and this was all too evident as they rallied around for the big Aussie to step up.
"I just let them (decide)," said Pulis when asked about if it had been planned for Jedinak to take the penalty.
"Whoever is confident for me is the one, unless you've got a specialised penalty taker and Glenn Murray was right up (on the touchline awaiting to come on as a sub) when we got the penalty saying 'get me on there, get me on there' but Mile's stepped up and thank God he did.
"Both sides will most probably scream that they could have had (more) penalties but we're an exciting team; we've got great pace on the break and our two wide players were outstanding. We've played some really good football and could have scored three or four goals.
"(Yannick) Bolasie was the best player on the pitch for me today, but we've missed our best player; (Marouane) Chamakh.
"He has been wonderful for us and he really links the work we do defensively with the work we do going forward, but Joe Ledley was wonderful today with the quality on the ball he shows to slow the team down and give us time to get up the pitch."
April has seen Palace take four wins from four games and amass over 25 per cent of their current points total - nine of which have come in the past seven days - and Pulis was quick to praise his squad's work ethic.
"The big thing for me was the turnover," he said.
"To play at Everton on Wednesday night and to not get back until about half-past two in the morning and then to try and get recovered and ready to go, I told them that the effort and commitment they put in today was just wonderful.
"The people who have not been in the team have been wonderful and everybody's bought into what we're trying to do, working very hard on the training ground - that doesn't just happen; you have to work very, very hard.
"They have stomached a lot of weeks without having any days off and a lot of stuff which maybe would bore a lot of people.
"They've got results and I'm very pleased for them because they are a very good group.
"The (fans at Palace) have also bought into how much and how important they are as a group to help the players," continued Pulis.
"When things weren't going so well at the beginning, you went to Selhurst Park and you'd go a goal down and the supporters would still be getting behind the team - they have to take a lot of credit."
With three games left in the Premier League this season - at home against Man City and Liverpool in front of the TV cameras and away at Fulham on the final day of the season - the Palace manager stressed that his side will not be taking their foot of the gas.
"I actually looked at the last few fixtures and the last two home games are an absolute nightmare; Man City and Liverpool. I thought we'd better be close (to staying up) at this time as I wouldn't like to be going into those games needing points, it's been a remarkable turnaround and everybody at the football club deserves a lot of credit.
"We've done absolute fantastic, but in football, if you start tapping yourself on the back someone will come up behind you and kick you up the backside.
"It's very important that we keep our feet on the ground and approach the last three games with the same attitude and approach (as we have been).
"We know it will be tough, but we have a responsibility to the Barclays Premier League because it is the best league in the world and the most competitive without a doubt."


text:
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text:
The Ocean
Wind, Swell and Rouge Waves
The wind not only produces currents, it creates waves. As wind blows across the smooth water surface, the friction or drag between the air and the water tends to stretch the surface. As waves form, the surface becomes rougher and it is easier for the wind to grip the water surface and intensify the waves.
The following images are from the chemical tanker ship "Stolt Surf", built in 1970, caught in a large storm in the North Pacific Ocean. The largest waves of the storm broke over the Bridge, more than 72 feet (22 meter) high. Images © Karsten Petersen. Used by permission.
Going into the trough of a wave
Riding up to the next peak
Nearly at the crest
Topping the crest...just to have another huge wave behind it.
Take it to the MAX! Anatomy of a Wave
Storms of equal size can generate much larger waves in the open Pacific Ocean as compared to the other oceans due to the long open distance of water. How big wind waves get depends on three things:
- Wind strength. The wind must be moving faster than the wave crests for energy to be transferred.
- Wind duration. Strong wind that does not blow for a long period will not generate large waves.
- Fetch. This is the uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows without significant change in direction.
Storms of equal size can generate much larger waves in the open Pacific Ocean as compared to the other oceans due to the long open distance of water.
After the wind begins to blow for a while, the waves get higher from trough to crest, and both the wave length and period become longer. As the wind continues or strengthens, the water first forms whitecaps and eventually the waves start to break. This is referred to as a fully developed sea.
Take it to the MAX! Beaufort Wind Scale
|In the book Oceanography and Seamanship, William G. Van Dorn provided an example of what the wave heights would be if a steady 33 mph (30 knots) wind blew for 24 hours over a fetch of 340 miles.
The waves in a fully developed sea outrun the storm that creates them, lengthening and reducing in height in the process. There are called swell waves. Swells organize into groups smooth and regular in appearance. They are able to travel thousands of miles unchanged in height and period.
The longer the wave, the faster it travels. As waves leave a storm area, they tend to sort themselves out with the long ones ahead of the short ones, and the energy is simultaneously spread out over an increasingly larger area. As the waves close in on the coast, they begin to feel the bottom and their direction of travel might change due to the contour of the land. Eventually, the waves run ashore, increasing in height up to 1.5 times their height in deep water, finally breaking up as surf.
There are many sailor tales of "rogue waves", "freak waves", "three sisters" and other "killer waves". Properly called "extreme storm waves" these tales were ridiculed and mariners were accused of using them as an excuse to cover their own mistakes in wrecks. Rogue waves are simply unusually large waves appearing in a set of smaller waves.
Some of the characteristics of rogue waves are:
- their height is greater than twice the size of surrounding waves,
- they often come unexpectedly from directions other than prevailing wind and waves, and
- they are unpredictable.
Most reports of extreme storm waves say they look like "walls of water," and are seen as steep-sided with unusually deep troughs. The USS Ramapo reported one such wave with a height of 112 feet in the Pacific in 1933. Another report of a freak wave occurred with it struck the Queen Mary amidships, south of Newfoundland, at the end of World War II, rolling her to within a degree or two of capsizing.
Just recently, a 70 foot wave crashed down on the Norwegian Dawn cruise ship in April 2005. The average waves that day were 25 to 30 feet high before this monster wave struck. The wave even damaged the hull of the Norwegian Dawn.
What causes these enormous waves? Generally they form because of swells, while traveling across the ocean, do so at different speeds and directions. As these swells pass through one another their crests, troughs, and lengths happen to coincide and reinforce each other, combining to form unusually large waves that tower then disappear. If the swell are travelling in the same direction, these mountainous waves may last for several minutes before subsiding.
It is very seldom that huge waves over 65 feet (20 meters) are developed and normally sailors do not even see them, because ships nowadays will try to avoid such conditions by altering course before the storm hits. But they do occur.


text:
Early Identification of Brain Insult in Chorioamnionitis
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Premature breaking of the amniotic fluids during pregnancy caries high risk for infection of the amniotic fluid. One of the results of chorioamnionitis is brain injury of the fetus. Fetus' brain is highly vulnerable and could be harmed even by mild inflammation before fulminant infection is developed. The aim of this study is to identify, as early as, possible signs of brain injury. S100B protein will be used as a marker for brain insult. S100b level were associated with the occurrence and size of stroke and brain trauma in adults and children. Moreover, S100B crosses the membrane and its level in women with preterm labor was associated with brain injury of preterm infant.
The study question is whether the levels of S100B in women with early amniotic fluids breakdown are associated with future brain injury of the infant, as assessed by head ultrasound and neurological examination.
|Chorioamnionitis Cerebral Palsy
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|S100B as a Marker for Fetal Brain Injury in Premature Rupture of Membranes
- Developmental assessment [ Time Frame: 18 month ]
Developmental assessment at 18 month
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
- Griffith Mental Development Scales
- Developmental assessment [ Time Frame: 3 month ]
Developmental assessment at term and 3 month
- Neurological examination
- Test of infant motor performance
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|January 2013
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|August 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 55 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Inclusion Criteria:
- Rupture of the amniotic sac before 32 weeks
- Gestational age less than 32 weeks
- Singleton
Exclusion Criteria:
- Intrauterine growth restriction
- Positive TORCH
- Fetus' brain malformation
- Fetus' brain hemorrhage
- Maternal medication with teratogenic effect
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01778725
|Contact: Omer Bar - Yosef, M.D.- Ph.D.
|Chaim Seba Medical Center
|Not yet recruiting
|Ramat-Gan, Israel, 56210
|Principal Investigator: Boaz Weisz, M.D.
|Sub-Investigator: Omer Bar-Yosef, M.D.-Ph.D.
|Sub-Investigator: Yoav Yinon, M.D.
|Principal Investigator:
|Boaz Weisz, M.D.
|Chaim Sheba Medical Center
|Responsible Party:
|Sheba Medical Center
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01778725 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|November 25, 2012
|Last Updated:
|January 25, 2013
Keywords provided by Sheba Medical Center:
Chorioamnionitis, S100B, Brain, Neuro-development
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Cerebral Palsy
Brain Damage, Chronic
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Fetal Diseases
Pregnancy Complications
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture
Obstetric Labor Complications
Placenta Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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A mysterious twist on a classic effect. A borrowed $100 bill is marked with a sigil of protection. It is put in one of 3 envelopes. The other envelopes hold slips of newspaper.
Three lighters are proven to operate and are randomly selected by 3 spectators. The envelopes are mixed by the spectators and handed, in order, to each spectator.
You claim the sigil will protect the money through the powers of nature. The first spectator ignites his lighter and burns his envelope. The second spectator does the same. The final spectator cannot light his lighter! The remaining envelope is unharmed! When the envelope is opened, it contains the borrowed money. Whew!
Finally, the sigil is erased from the $100 bill, and without the sigil to protect it the money starts burning. You quickly extinguish it and take your bows.
With a very few props, this is big theatre that packs a punch! Add real meaning to your performance:
No reviews yet. Do you own this product? Write a review.


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DESPITE HOPES that sweeping reforms to California's electoral system would improve the tenor and substance of state legislative campaigns, the race to fill the seat in the new 10th Assembly District has been disappointing.
With only 10 days remaining in the Nov. 6 election campaign, neither of the two very different Democrats in the race, Assemblyman Michael Allen and San Rafael Councilman Marc Levine, have made any effort to give North Bay voters a vision of a better California.
Instead, Marin and Central Sonoma voters have been barraged by negative political mailings that represent the worst of American politics.
Those political hit pieces filled with half-truths attacking Levine were funded by public employee unions and the state Democratic Party, which is controlled by Assembly Speaker John Perez.
Misleading ads aimed at Allen were funded by agricultural interests unhappy with Perez and the pro-labor Assembly Democratic majority.
Marin residents are advised to collect these sleazy campaign broadsides and promptly dump them in their recycling bins.
Despite the overblown rhetoric, the campaigns and the press have managed to provide clear snapshots of the two rivals.
First-term incumbent Allen is pleasant, soft-spoken and unflappable. He's also a longtime Sonoma resident. Late last year, to establish residency, Allen moved from his Santa Rosa home to a San Rafael apartment after the Citizens Redistricting Commission obliterated his old Eastern Sonoma-Napa-Solano Assembly district.
Depending on one's politics, Allen is either a classic pro-labor, pro-working family liberal or a carpetbagging tax-and-spend member of the union-dominated Sacramento establishment.
That last slam is due to the 65-year-old Los Angeles native's history as chair of the North Bay (Sonoma-Mendocino) Labor Council.
Allen strove to blunt negative implications of his labor connections by suggesting a bold list of reforms for California's out-of-control public employees pension scheme. His credibility as a reformer was diminished when legislative Democrats subsequently failed to include his most significant suggestions in their so-called pension reform bill.
The 38-year-old Levine is an earnest, energetic family man willing to seek support among diverse constituencies, even Republicans. With three years of his first San Rafael City Council term under his belt, Levine decided to buck the "protect the incumbent at any cost" Democratic establishment and run for Assembly.
He's making a surprisingly strong effort to win the lower-house seat.
Opponents complain that Levine's record is sketchy. Other than his courageous swing vote enabling construction of Target's store in East San Rafael, his tally of council accomplishments is as thin as his private-sector resume.
Levine's been consistently pro-business. That's resulted in progressive Democrats unfairly describing the San Rafael councilman as a "Republican in disguise." For supporters, he's the fiscally prudent-socially progressive Democrat that moderates of both parties claim to be seeking.
Allen is the oddsmakers' favorite.
Levine's goal is for Republicans, independents and centrist Democrats to unite, seeing him as more in line with their views than the labor-oriented Allen. It's a long-shot strategy.
Despite the theory behind California's new "top-two" voting system, it's a big hurdle for some Republicans to vote for any candidate who doesn't have an "R" after his or her name.
If that's the upshot, Michael Allen will likely be Marin's new representative in Sacramento.
Columnist Dick Spotswood of Mill Valley shares his views on local politics every Sunday in the IJ. His email address is email@example.com. Read his musings at http://blogs.marinij.com/spotswood/


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This game was classified by the community with the following category scores - Violence=3/3, Sex=1/3, Mature Content=0/3. Help Johnny Carnage rescue the girls from the evil skeletons from mars! Bullets, explosions and pure violence in this addictive platformer/shooter. Show your hero skills to the world! Brought to you by Milkstone Studios.
Buy Xbox content on Xbox.com. Your Xbox 360 console will automatically download the content next time you turn it on and connect to Xbox Live.Learn More


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Reference articles, expert tips and information for control of costly reproductive and respiratory diseases
Video, audio segments with practicing veterinarians enhance website user's experience
Available at www.vira?shield.com
Novartis Animal Health U.S., Inc. has created a new, multi-media website exclusively for Vira Shield®, the number one selling inactivated cattle vaccine in the U.S. Vira Shield provides broad-spectrum protection from the most common reproductive and respiratory diseases affecting U.S. beef and dairy cattle today.
The website, www.vira?shield.com, includes information tailored specifically for beef producers, dairy producers and veterinarians. For producers, the disease information, vaccination guidelines and expert management tips can be leveraged in preventive health programs that drive better performance. For veterinarians, the site includes a library of scientific research papers and technical bulletins that are easily accessible for quick reference.
Visitors to the Vira Shield website can also access video and audio clips from producers and practicing veterinarians who face different cattle health challenges based on their geographic region and type of operation or practice.
"At Novartis Animal Health, our focus is really on prevention," said Doug Scholz, DVM, director of veterinary services. "Our goal is to help beef and dairy producers minimize the incidence of disease and economic burdens that come with managing and treating sick animals. All of the tools and information we've included on www.vira?shield.com are designed to support producers and veterinarians in their efforts to maintain healthy, top-performing herds."
Vira Shield is available in nine different combinations that contain up to 13 antigens in one ready-to-use bottle. It is the only vaccine to feature 3-way protection against the predominant disease affecting U.S. cattle-bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD). It also provides protection against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza Type 3 (PI3), Lepto hardjo-bovis and vibriosis.
Vira Shield is safe for use in all cattle, including pregnant cows and heifers, regardless of their age or previous vaccination history. To learn more about Vira Shield and cattle health management tips that drive maximum performance, visit www.vira?shield.com and contact your Novartis Animal Health representative.


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Organic Acids
Veterinarian Reviewed on June 5, 2012 by Paulina Nelega, RH
Posted in Uncategorized
Organic Acids
Any organic compound that functions with acidic properties is known as an organic acid. The most common of these acids are carboxylic acids. These acids are actively associated with their carboxyl group. The acids most frequently found in the body are carboxylic acids. Sulfonic acids are stronger than carboxylic acids. There are other groups that can be classified as acids, although weakly. The nol group and phenol group are two examples. They are found in organic compounds and biological systems, but weakly and therefore are seldom referred to as organic acids. A selection of these acids are:
1. Lactic acid
2. Acetic acid
3. Formic acid
4. Citric acid
5. Oxalic acid
6. Uric acid
Generally, these acids are weak and do not completely breakdown in water. They are however, soluble in most organic solvents.
They are essential acids with many natural uses within the body. They aid in the destruction of bacteria and micro-bacteria to help the food supply remain safe for human consumption. They have been proven to be considerably more effective in bacterial control than previous additions of antibiotics in the production of animal feeds. They are natural and versatile, as explained below.
Uses of Organic Acids
Formic and acetic acids are utilized in the stimulation of oil and gas wells. They are less reactive to metals and are used when long periods of time between the pipe and acid are needed.
Citric acid and oxalic acid are used as rust removers. They can dissolve iron oxides with out incurring any damage to the base metal.
The biological systems will create more complex organic acids. Lactic, citric and glucuronic acid are examples of these. Urine and blood in humans contain these acids plus Amino Acids and neurotransmitters which produce them as they degredate.
Organic Acids In Food
Food preservation is a prime area of usage for organic acids. This is due to their action on various bacteria. The non-ionized organic acids easily penetrate the cell wall of the bacteria and consequently disrupt the normal physiology or pH sensitive bacteria. Listeria, E coli and Salmonella are typical bacteria that these specific organic acids act on. By lowering the internal pH of the bacteria, growth is inhibited or stopped. Meat and poultry, especially pork products, utilize lactic acid and potassium lactate are the preferable additives.
Nutrition and animal feed uses
Organic acids are used in pig production and have been for over 25 years. They are also used in the production of poultry. These acids are found in nature as parts of animals and plants. Fermentation of carbohydrates in the large intestines is also responsible for their production. They may also be found in potassium, calcium salts and in double salts.
When organic acids are added to animal feeds it is necessary to protect them in order to avoid dissociation in the intestine and therefore allow them to reach in the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract is the primary area of bacteria location. The occurrence of many bacterial illnesses has been decreased due to the use of organic acids in animal feeds.
Our Expert
Paulina Nelega, RH, has been in private practice as a Clinical Herbalist for over 15 years. She has developed and taught courses in herbal medicine, and her articles on health have appeared in numerous publications. She is very passionate about the healing power of nature. Ask Dr. Jan


text:
Hows it going with the promo?
Any word on the promo?
Hey man, do you want to join SRW?
so...did ya forget about the promo? You got like 2 hrs left to get it to me
I wont be on tomorrow, so you'll have to make sure you do it bro
hey how goes the promo bro?
Bro! any news on that promo mate?
Thanks for the FR
No worries. Everyone has a jam up occasionally
It's all good bro. I understand.
Send an Instant Message to RatedRorayJames Using...
Black Ninja!
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text:
Nogales, Ariz.-based Ciruli Bros. LLC and Sunnyside Packing Co., Selma, Calif., have begun joint marketing and sales of fresh vegetables and fruits.
The companies' respective sourcing operations in Mexico and California make year-round supply possible, Chris Ciruli, Ciruli Bros. chief operating officer, said in a news release. The deal also pools distribution and shipping facilities in Arizona, Texas and California.
Ciruli Bros. packs in Mexico from November to August under several labels, including Ciruli Brothers, Mr. Mango and Pueblo's Pride. Crops include mangoes, beans, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers and roma and vine ripened tomatoes.
Sunnyside Packing offers more than 25 fruits and vegetables from May to November. Among them are cherry and grape tomatoes, squash, green beans, peppers and eggplant. They appear under the Calway and Truway labels.
The companies plan to coordinate growing, packing and marketing efforts.
"Partnering with Ciruli Bros. provided us the perfect opportunity to become a year-round supplier with a company that believes in doing business the same way we do," Sunnyside Packing general manager Todd Hirasuna said in the release.


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Cards mulling options for Wednesday starter
ST. LOUIS -- The Cardinals do not expect to name a starter for Wednesday's game against the D-backs until Tuesday, as the club wants to delay any decision until it sees how much use the bullpen gets until then.
With the pitching depth in Triple-A Memphis already depleted and the Cardinals not too keen on pitching Adam Wainwright on three days' of rest, the preferred scenario would be to have several relievers sitep in to cover the game. That would become a more difficult proposition if the club were to need to rely heavily on its bullpen over the next few days.
"We're open to a lot of different things," manager Mike Matheny said on Sunday. "We've got some different things to sort through, depending on how the next few days go."
With Shelby Miller and Wainwright both pitching during Saturday's doubleheader, the Cardinals have the flexibility to start either on normal rest Thursday. The other would go on Friday. Matheny said the Cardinals are likely to keep the rotation order as is, meaning Miller would draw the assignment against the D-backs on Thursday and Wainwright would take the mound in a critical division-series opener on Friday.
The Cardinals are slated to play the Reds in Cincinnati next weekend.
Jenifer Langosch is a reporter for MLB.com. Read her blog, By Gosh, It's Langosch, and follow her on Twitter @LangoschMLB. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Raúl Necochea
Associate Professor, Department of Social Medicine
Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of History
MSc 2002, History of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology
PhD 2010, History, McGill University
Raúl Necochea obtained his Ph.D. in History from McGill University, and held a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Toronto's Dalla Lana School of Public Health before joining UNC's Department of Social Medicine. He is broadly interested in the history of medicine and science, global health, sexual and reproductive health, Latin America, science and technology studies, and the relations between developed and developing regions. He is the author of A History of Family Planning in Twentieth Century Peru. He is presently researching the history of Mexican health policies for immigrants to the US, and the first engagements of African personnel in HIV/AIDS research.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Post: Raúl Necochea / CB #7240, Department of Social Medicine / University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill / Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7240


text: Hey....unusual as it may sound, my dr. called me about an hour ago. He was going over my results from the blood tests. He said all of it came back fairly normal. However, he is still concerned that I am not feeling much better. He told me to give him a call next Wednesday and if I am still feeling the way I do now, he wants me to see a rheumatologist. Does this sound like what any of you have been through? I just want to make sure that "I" know what needs to be happening....things that I should know. All of you seem to have such great insight in this area. I know it is not normal to hurt when someone touches you. It is not normal for anything to last this long. I am feeling better. But, there is something wrong with me. I know my body. It is not "in my head". Does this make any sense to any of you?


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The U.S. average retail price of regular gasoline rose just over eight cents last week to reach $3.38 per gallon. The average price is about $0.29 per gallon higher than last year at this time. The Gulf Coast saw the largest increase at just over ten cents per gallon to put prices at $3.20 per gallon. The East Coast followed with an increase of just over nine cents per gallon to reach $3.41 per gallon. The Midwest saw an increase of almost nine cents per gallon, while the West Coast saw the smallest increase of six cents per gallon, but prices there remain the highest in the Nation at $3.61 per gallon. Going against the trend, the Rocky Mountain average price decreased about two cents per gallon to $3.01 per gallon.
The national average diesel price rose for the first time in seven weeks, increasing almost a nickel to $3.83 per gallon. The diesel price is $0.50 per gallon higher than last year at this time. Prices on the East Coast saw the largest regional increase at just over six cents per gallon to put prices at $3.91 per gallon. The Rocky Mountains saw the smallest increase (less than a penny per gallon) to reach $3.84 per gallon. The Midwest, Gulf Coast, and West Coast regional prices each increased about three, four, and five cents per gallon respectively. Prices on the West Coast remain the highest in the Nation at $4.03 per gallon.


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Works great! By Ernest on 9/14/2017Ernest would recommend this product to a friendI have this doser to dose no pox daily- works like a charm!
Best Inexpensive Way to Dose By Tom on 9/3/2017Tom would recommend this product to a friendI have 3 of these dosers. I've been dosing Calc and Alk for over a year with no problems. I just added the third for dosing H202. It's the most economical way to automate dosing your tank. I wish BRS would find/carry a product that would allow me to put this on my Apex Energy Bars solid state outlets.
Long lasting By Bakerrichard27 on 9/1/2017Bakerrichard27 would recommend this product to a friendVery accurate long lasting I never hear mine they are quite love them cheap easy
Quality doser By Juken on 7/25/2017Juken would recommend this product to a friendvery reliable and accurate mine doses 1.8 per minute but that's ok.
Very good product and great price! By John on 7/13/2017John would recommend this product to a friendBought two dosers rated at 1.1ml/min. Both were calibrated at 2.00ml/min.. No problem though as I expected some variance from specs and reviews shown in site descriptions. Units seemed well constructed and easy to use. Installed using mount brackets included and hooked up to a two outlet timer, set for 3-5 min runs during the night (2 part ) and have checked for accuracy several times since. Right on the money at 30 ml each for the 15 min total run times. Noisy? Maybe a tiny bit but certainly not a deal breaker unless you're running in your bedroom at night! All in all a great purchase for me!
Way off stated value, and very loud By Barnaby on 6/12/2017Barnaby wouldn't recommend this product to a friendI bought three (3) 1.1 ml dosing pumps plus other miscellaneous items, received them promptly from BRS in good order, they were well packed. I calibrated them according to the instruction and their rates are 1.88, 1,85, and 1.79 (ml/min). So they are way off the stated nominal value of 1.1, I know I'm not buying/paying for a scientific instrument but that give me doubt on the manufacturer's QC, if they have one.
The other issue is they are all very loud! They started quite in the first minute or two, but ramp up to loud clicking sound, sign of very bad design and/or construction of the motor and gears.
I'm from Canada so it will be hassle to return them, for now I mount them outside of the cabinet on a timer and that helps to reduce the noise. Only time will tell if they are durable and can keep a consistent flow rate in the long term, but don't be fooled by the overall 5 star rating, they are nowhere near a well engineered product.
Excellent piece of equipment. By Donnie on 6/12/2017Donnie would recommend this product to a friendI would not hesitate to recommend! Better than I expected. No more worries.
Would recommend this prodeuct By Juken on 3/25/2017Juken would recommend this product to a friendEasy to use good quality. Bought 2 doser's and when calibrating found that both mine dose at 1.5 ml per minute. No big deal both are accurate and the same.
Constructed well By EAN on 3/15/2017EAN would recommend this product to a friendFirst, I must say that I love BRS customer service and their focus on customer satisfaction. The BRS doser is well made as far as construction and the pumping is on target at 1.8 ml. The problem I experienced was a knocking noise from inside of the pump. Customer service immediately sent another pump overnight. I give customer-service five stars, but only two for the the BRS doser. I worked for years in manufacturing and things will occur, despite using good QA measures, and the difference is in brand name and customer service.
Loved the idea By Ernest on 3/14/2017Ernest wouldn't recommend this product to a friendI love the BRS company and they stand behind their products much more than others in this game. Unfortunately, I have had some bad luck with this dosing pump. The first purchase had something rattling around inside and BRS offered an immediate replacement. The replacement made a loud knocking noise during the 10 minute run to determine my flow rate, which was 1.8.
I contacted BRS and was immediately sent another dosing pump. The replacement made the loud knocking noise immediately after setting up (flow rate was also 1.8). I plan to return the products and explore other dosing pumps BRS has available. I currently have a DOS, but needed an additional pump to daily.dose no pox. I currently manually dose mg, but plan to auto dose in the near future. The dosing demand for no pox and mg are low so another DOS is overkill cost-wise.
Again, I will mention that this issue is not reflective of other products I have purchased from BRS! However, please note the great customer-service I received that is bar-none to others in this hobby


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Midwifery Today, Issue 85, Spring 2008
Theme: Technology: Stemming the Tide
The theme of Midwifery Today Issue 85 is Technology: Stemming the Tide. What interventions are on the horizon in obstetrical care? What does the research tell us about those interventions that are being used more frequently? What can midwives do to help women have normal births?
Poetry: Red Raspberries
From the Editor: Technology: Stemming the Tide
Technology can make take away the beauty of birth, when used unnecessarily. Editor Jan Tritten argues that midwives are in a position to change the tide of unnecessary technology, using the evidence that is accruing.
Tricks of the Trade
Marion's Message: The Death of Queen Jane
Technology, in the guise of cesarean delivery, has been around for some time now. Marion shares this folk song about the death of a queen after a c-section.
Media Reviews
Classified Advertising
Photo Album
Helping Women Avoid Unnecessary Interventions
This article shows how having the research data and conclusion handy can help women avoid unnecessary interventions in the hospital.
Excerpted from his 2007 book, Born in the USA, this article tells us why doctors would want to encourage c-sections.
Just a Plain Birth
In contrast to the many stories of medicalized birth in this issue of the magazine, this story of a simple Amish birth is a refreshing read.
Technology and Fear
The bells and whistles of technology are often driven by fear, and in many cases can only predict, not improve. This author suggests that controlling fear may help to limit technology to what is necessary.
Childbirth in the Ancient Roman World: The Origins of Midwifery
An interesting look at the origins of midwifery in ancient Rome.
The Future of Obstetric Technology
"Can humanity survive the safe cesarean?" Dr. Odent discusses what we have to lose if this trend continues.
Midwife Shafia Monroe talks about the beauty and sensuality of pregnant woman and how we need to honor them during that special time.
Episiotomy, Hospital Birth and Cesarean Section: Technology Gone Haywire—What Is the Sutured Tear Rate at First Births Supposed to Be?
Doctors began performing episiotomies on birthing women under the belief that it helped prevent tears. This conclusion has been turned on its head, yet episiotomies are still standard procedure in some quarters. Midwife Judy Slome Cohain shares data showing that homebirthing women generally neither tear nor need episiotomies.
Face to Face: A Midwife's Birth Story
Being a midwife does not guarantee that one will be a good client when it comes time to birth. This honestly-told birth story provides a different perspective.
Cervicometry: What All Women Need to Know
This article, reprinted from July/August 2007 issue of The Mother, shows the lengths to which modern obstetrics and drug device companies will go to make birth a high-technology event.
Blogging to Boost Your Birthing Business
Marketing guru Sheri Menelli, along with a co-author, shares a simple way to increase your business.
Learn the background behind the Motherbaby Press book, Survivor Moms: Women's Stories of Birthing, Mothering and Healing after Sexual Abuse.
A Tribute to Tricia Anderson
Midwives share their memories of midwife Tricia Anderson, who gave so much to the profession.
Institutionalizing Midwifery: US and UK Style
What is happening to the profession of midwifery in the US and UK? This fascinating article gives us a look behind the scenes at the institutionalization of the profession.
A flashback sends a midwife back in time almost 40 years to the traumatizing birth of her daughter.
What Can You Do to Make Changes with Care Today?
Machines are gradually replacing people, in the interest of simplifying work and saving time. Midwife Ireena Keeslar suggests that we learn hands-on basic skills and make change in our own areas of control.
Ecology of Birth
Birth can be ecological, too. The author discusses how this is so and even makes suggestions for an ecological homebirth kit.
International Midwife
Cards & Letters
Midwifery & Birthing: Women in Peru
Rural Peruvian women are struggling for proper health care, yet the official government policies are in conflict with tradition practices. The author makes suggestions for meeting in the middle.
Report from the Field: Midwifery in Hungary—by an Evolution
Learn about the current status of midwifery and homebirth in this fascinating article.
Jan Tritten writes about one midwifery model that works, Trinidad's Amicus Maternity Center, in part two of this two-part series.