text:
Brief Interventions in the Emergency Department for Alcohol and HIV/Sexual Risk (SAFER)
This study has been completed.
Brown University
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island
Kent Hospital, Rhode Island
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Peter Monti, Brown University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: May 9, 2011
Last updated: September 12, 2014
Last verified: September 2014
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Detailed Description:
This brief alcohol and sexual risk taking intervention has the potential to influence the public health by reducing alcohol use and sexual risk taking behavior in individuals who are seeking treatment in an Emergency Department.
|Alcohol Consumption Unsafe Sex
|Behavioral: Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) Behavioral: Brief Advice
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Brief Interventions in the Emergency Department for Alcohol and HIV/Sexual Risk
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Alcohol HIV/AIDSU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Peter Monti, Brown University:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Number of alcoholic drinks consumed [ Time Frame: 3 month ]Number of standard alcoholic drinks consumed in the past month
- Number of alcoholic drinks consumed [ Time Frame: 6-months ]Number of standard alcoholic drinks consumed in the past month
- Number of alcoholic drinks consumed [ Time Frame: 9-months ]Number of standard alcoholic drinks consumed in the past month
- Number of times engaged in risky sex [ Time Frame: 3-months ]Number of times engaged in risky sex during the past month
- Number of times engaged in risky sex [ Time Frame: 6-months ]Number of times engaged in risky sex during the past month
- Number of times engaged in risky sex [ Time Frame: 9-months ]Number of times engaged in risky sex during the past month
|Study Start Date:
|May 2011
|Study Completion Date:
|August 2014
|Primary Completion Date:
|November 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Active Comparator: Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI)
Behavioral: Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI)
The BMI incorporates open-ended exploration, personalized feedback, and discussion about patients' alcohol use and sexual behaviors and the consequences of these behaviors. Using the central principles described by Miller and Rollnick (2002), the goal of the session, conducted in the hospital as soon as possible, is to explore the patient's alcohol use and sexual behaviors and to help patients consider what they might want to change. Also included is a presentation of personalized feedback, and for patients who are interested in change, a focus on establishing goals for reduced drinking and sexual risk abstinence. Collaboratively the counselor and patient develop a plan for the future, identify goals for behavior change, explore barriers to changes, and provide strategic advice.
Other Name: BMI
|Active Comparator: Brief Advice
Behavioral: Brief Advice
Patients in the Brief Advice (BA) condition will receive intervention consistent with standard medical practice when alcohol problems or sex-risk behaviors are indicated. Project staff will offer BA about level of alcohol/drug and sexual behaviors and drug problems risk, and will provide a list of treatment resources (including options for HIV testing) in the local area. Patients will be told they show signs of risk associated with alcohol use in that they scored above a cut-score for our alcohol screen, and that they reported recently engaging in sexually risky behaviors. The staff person will advise patients that reducing their alcohol use, and illicit drug use when relevant, and using condoms is advised. BA will take approximately 5 minutes.
Other Name: BA
Detailed Description:
Linkages between alcohol use and HIV/sexual risk behaviors have been observed in multiple groups and each behavior has been successfully treated individually. Indeed, some studies suggest these behaviors can be successfully treated together. The Emergency Department (ED) provides a venue through which many patients with multiple risks are treated. Yet, to date no study has addressed these behaviors together in an ED, where admission may represent an opportunistic moment when patients are particularly willing to discuss these risky behaviors. Motivational Interviewing (MI) has demonstrated promise with alcohol risk in the ED in several of our previous studies, and has shown promise with sexual risk populations as well. Accordingly, this study (N=302) will address whether a one session multiple risk MI can more effectively decrease and maintain reduction in alcohol use, alcohol related problems, and sexual risk taking following discharge from the ED than Brief Advice (BA). Baseline, MI Session 1 and BA will be administered in the ED. Follow-ups will be conducted at 3, 6 and 9 months. This project will allow us to address the next phase of our program of research that has been designed to develop easily disseminable treatments for high-risk populations in medical settings. This study will also address potential mediators (motivation to change risk taking, self-efficacy) of MI effects. We will also examine whether reductions in sexual risk associated with MI compared to BA are accounted for by reduced drinking. A tertiary aim will examine the moderating effect of co-occurring substance use on outcomes. The cost-effectiveness of the interventions will also be addressed. Thus, this study will address two significant Public Health problems and provide significant information about MI mechanisms that may be relevant to the treatment community.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 65 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
Male and female patients older than 18 who receive medical care in the ED *score positive (> 8 for males; > 6 for females) for harmful alcohol use on the AUDIT screening questionnaire and report past 3-month binge drinking
- be sexually active (past 6 months)
endorse any past-year sex-risk behavior criterion, including:
- having more than one sexual partner
- having sexual intercourse without a condom
- consuming alcohol prior to or during sex
- sing illicit drugs (or using licit drugs to get high) prior to or during sex.
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients under the age of 18; Patients in a mutually monogamous relationship for longer than 1 year will be excluded unless either the patient or his/her partner are HIV+ or has unknown HIV status. Other exclusion criteria include:
- scoring below 18 on a mini-mental status exam
- no verifiable address
- plans to move outside a 45-mile radius within the follow-up period.
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01351389
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01351389
|United States, Rhode Island
|Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island
|Pawtucket, Rhode Island, United States, 02860
|Brown University Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies
|Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02912
|Kent Hospital
|Warwick, Rhode Island, United States, 02886
Sponsors and Collaborators
Brown University
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island
Kent Hospital, Rhode Island
|Principal Investigator:
|Peter M Monti, PhD
|Brown University
|Study Director:
|Nadine R Mastroleo, PhD
|Brown University
More Information
Keywords provided by Peter Monti, Brown University:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|Peter Monti, Professor, Brown University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01351389 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
2R01AA009892-16A1 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
|Study First Received:
|May 9, 2011
|Last Updated:
|September 12, 2014
Keywords provided by Peter Monti, Brown University:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Alcohol Drinking
Disease Attributes
Pathologic Processes
Drinking Behavior
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Anti-Infective Agents
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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To examine the joint effects of movie smoking exposure and team sports participation on established smoking.
Longitudinal study.
School- and telephone-based surveys in New Hampshire and Vermont between September 1999 through November 1999 and February 2006 through February 2007.
A total of 2048 youths aged 16 to 21 years at follow-up.
Main Exposures
Baseline movie smoking exposure categorized in quartiles assessed when respondents were aged 9 to 14 years and team sports participation assessed when respondents were aged 16 to 21 years.
Main Outcome Measure
Established smoking (having smoked ≥100 cigarettes in one's lifetime) at follow-up.
At follow-up, 353 respondents (17.2%) were established smokers. Exposure to the highest quartile of movie smoking compared with the lowest increased the likelihood of established smoking (odds ratio = 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.57), and team sports nonparticipants compared with participants were twice as likely to be established smokers (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-2.74). The joint effects of movie smoking exposure and team sports participation revealed that at each quartile of movie smoking exposure, the odds of established smoking were greater for team sports nonparticipants than for participants. We saw a dose-response relationship of movie smoking exposure for established smoking only among team sports participants.
Team sports participation clearly plays a protective role against established smoking, even in the face of exposure to movie smoking. However, movie smoking exposure increases the risk of established smoking among both team sports participants and nonparticipants. Parents, teachers, coaches, and clinicians should be aware that encouraging team sports participation in tandem with minimizing early exposure to movie smoking may offer the greatest likelihood of preventing youth smoking.
Numerous studies have established a direct association between movie smoking exposure and youth smoking initiation.1- 6 Thirty to fifty percent of adolescent smoking initiation has been attributed to movie smoking exposure.2,3 Movie smoking exposure appears to increase the risk of smoking initiation by enhancing adolescents' perceived benefits of smoking and making them more susceptible to peer influences.7,8 Furthermore, movie smoking exposure that occurs prior to and during early adolescence has as much influence on smoking initiation as movie smoking exposure that occurs during the middle to late teenage years when youths are most likely to initiate smoking.1 Movie smoking exposure has also been associated with smoking in young adulthood.9
Youth team sports involvement is associated with many health benefits, including enhancing one's well-being, improving global physical self-concept, and preventing youth smoking.10- 20 Team sports involvement may confer more positive health benefits than other types of extracurricular activity, including other types of physical activity.21 Therefore, encouraging youths to participate in team sports is an important strategy for smoking prevention efforts. However, we do not yet fully understand the ways in which other risk factors for youth smoking may counteract the protective nature of team sports participation.
Youths who participate in team sports may be less susceptible to the influence of movie smoking exposure for several reasons. First, team sports participants may have less time to watch movies and therefore may have less movie smoking exposure. Second, team sports participants may look up to role models who may be more likely to model healthy behaviors, such as athletes. Third, team sports participants' high levels of global physical self-concept19 may counteract the perceived need to smoke fostered by movie smoking exposure. Finally, team sports participants, bolstered by an environment where avoiding tobacco is socially acceptable,22,23 may feel less inclined to smoke in the face of movie smoking exposure.
The purpose of our study was to examine the joint effects of early movie smoking exposure and team sports participation on established smoking. We first hypothesized that, consistent with prior research, team sports participants would be less likely than team sports nonparticipants to become established smokers. Then, assuming that team sports participants have competing demands on their time, we hypothesized that team sports participants would have lower levels of early movie smoking exposure than team sports nonparticipants. Finally, given the social and physical environment associated with team sports participation, we also hypothesized that team sports participants would be less vulnerable to early impressions of movie smoking compared with team sports nonparticipants.
The data analyzed for this study are from a longitudinal survey designed to investigate the association between movie viewing and smoking uptake in youths. The baseline survey was a self-administered written survey completed by 5473 adolescents in 15 New Hampshire and Vermont middle schools in 1999. Details of the baseline survey have been previously published.2,4 The follow-up survey was a telephone survey conducted a mean (SD) of 6.7 (0.2) years after the baseline survey, from September 1999 through November 1999 and February 2006 through February 2007. It was administered by trained interviewers using a computer-assisted telephone interview system. Prior to conducting the telephone survey, we obtained verbal parental consent and respondent assent for respondents younger than 18 years. We obtained verbal consent for all other respondents. The respondents were offered $20 for completing the telephone survey. The study was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at Dartmouth College.
Of the 5473 respondents who completed the baseline survey in 1999, 3122 provided a telephone number for future contact, were not missing data for any of our key variables, and thus were eligible for the follow-up survey. Of the eligible sample, 2074 respondents (66.4%) completed the follow-up survey. We were unable to survey 469 (15.0%) of the eligible sample owing to incomplete or outdated contact information, 308 (9.9%) because they were unavailable at the time of survey administration, and 271 (8.7%) because they declined to participate.
Twenty-five of the 2074 participants were established smokers at baseline and thus were excluded from the current analysis. Additionally, 1 respondent was excluded because of missing data on the follow-up survey. The final sample size for this study was 2048.
Movie smoking exposure was assessed at baseline using the previously described Beach method.2 Briefly, each individual baseline survey contained a unique set of 50 movies randomly selected from a sample of 601 top box-office hit movies released between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1999. This random selection of movies was stratified so that each list of 50 movies had the same proportion of movie ratings as the larger sample of top box-office hits: 45.3% rated R, 30.9% rated PG-13, 20.0% rated PG, and 3.8% rated G. Trained movie coders counted the number of smoking occurrences in the movies using methods previously described.2,4,24 Survey responses were linked with information from a content analysis of smoking in movies to estimate an individual's movie smoking exposure.
We calculated early movie smoking exposure for each respondent by summing the number of smoking occurrences for each movie they had reported seeing at baseline. To adjust for possible variation in the movie lists, we expressed this sum as a proportion of the number of possible smoking occurrences they could have seen based on the movies in their survey. We then used this proportion to estimate their movie smoking exposure from the full sample of 601 movies.
Potential movie smoking exposure for the 601 movies was classified in quartiles based on the distribution for the 2048 participants with the following cutoffs: 0 to 522 occurrences for the first quartile, 523 to 947 for the second quartile, 948 to 1649 for the third quartile, and 1650 to 5308 for the fourth quartile.
Team sports participation was assessed at follow-up using the following item drawn from the 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey: "During the past 12 months, on how many sports teams did you play? Please include teams run by your school, work, or community. (Do not include PE [physical education] classes)."25 Possible response categories included none, 1 team, 2 teams, and 3 or more teams, which we collapsed into a dichotomous variable to reflect any team sports participation (none vs participation in ≥1 team sport in the past year).
We also measured a number of covariates potentially related to adolescent smoking. Demographic covariates included age, sex, and race assessed at baseline as well as the highest level of education completed by 1 or both parents assessed at follow-up. Other covariates assessed at follow-up included the proportion of friends who smoke, smoking by parents, school enrollment, school performance, sensation seeking,26,27 and rebelliousness.28 Two items were used to assess sensation seeking and 7 items were used to assess rebelliousness. The average score for each characteristic was calculated by summing Likert scale responses for all items providing that at least 50.0% of the items were answered. These scores were then categorized by quartiles, with each increasing quartile indicating more of the characteristic. Cronbach α was 0.81 for sensation seeking and 0.72 for rebelliousness.
The outcome was established smoking assessed at follow-up. We defined an established smoker as someone who has smoked 100 or more cigarettes in his or her lifetime.29 Because our outcome was the incident development of established smoking between baseline and follow-up, we did not include those who were established smokers at baseline in our analysis (n = 25).
We initially compared characteristics of established smokers using χ2 tests for categorical data. We used 2-tailed P < .05 to define statistical significance for these and all subsequent analyses. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the association between movie smoking exposure and team sports participation on established smoking while adjusting for all covariates except race, which was not significantly associated with established smoking (P = .32). We then modeled the joint effects of movie smoking exposure and team sports participation using an 8-level interaction term between team sports (2 levels: no team sports and played team sports) and the baseline quartiles of movie smoking exposure (4 levels). Those who played team sports and were in the lowest quartile of movie smoking exposure were used as the reference group for the interaction term. We adjusted for all covariates significantly associated with established smoking. Tests of trend were conducted for all multivariate analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.1 statistical software (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, North Carolina) and Stata version 10.0 statistical software (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas).
At baseline, respondents were aged 9 to 14 years and most of the sample (1798 respondents [87.8%]) had never tried a cigarette. Approximately half (1092 respondents [53.3%]) were female and the majority (1943 respondents [94.9%]) were white. One-fifth (351 respondents [17.1%]) reported that high school was the highest level of education completed by 1 or both of their parents. At follow-up, respondents were aged 16 to 21 years and 1672 (81.6%) were still enrolled in school (433 in high school, 1200 in college, 33 in technical school, and 6 did not report school type) (Table 1). Compared with respondents who did not complete the follow-up survey, respondents who completed the follow-up survey were more likely to be white, be female, report that high school was the highest level of education for both parents, see slightly fewer movies, and be exposed to less movie smoking (P < .001 for all).
More than half of the respondents (1163 respondents [56.8%]) reported in the follow-up survey that they had participated in 1 or more team sports in the past year. Compared with team sports nonparticipants, team sports participants were more likely to be male, younger, and enrolled in school (P < .001 for all). On average, respondents had seen 16 of the 50 movies on their baseline survey, which translates to an average exposure of 1191 smoking occurrences from 601 movies. There was no significant difference between the average number of movies seen at baseline by team sports participants and nonparticipants (mean [SD], 16.0 [8.3] vs 15.5 [7.6] movies, respectively; P = .17). There was also no significant difference between the mean number of movie smoking occurrences to which team sports participants and nonparticipants were exposed (mean [SD], 1201.7 [928.5] vs 1175.9 [862.0] occurrences, respectively; P = .52).
At follow-up, 353 respondents (17.2%) were established smokers. Compared with the other respondents, established smokers were significantly more likely to be male, be older, have parents with lower levels of education, have a higher proportion of close friends who smoke, have parents who smoke, report lower school performance, have higher levels of sensation seeking and rebelliousness, and be less likely to be enrolled in school at the time of follow-up (Table 1).
Compared with the other respondents, established smokers had a higher baseline movie smoking exposure and were significantly less likely to have participated in team sports in the year preceding the follow-up survey (P < .001 for all) (Table 1).
In a multivariate analysis adjusting for all characteristics in Table 1, the odds of established smoking increased across levels of movie smoking exposure (test of trend, P = .01). When compared with quartile 1, the increase in the odds of being an established smoker was not significant for quartiles 2 and 3 (quartile 2: OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.60-1.60; quartile 3: OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.81-2.07). Exposure to the highest level of movie smoking (quartile 4) compared with the lowest (quartile 1) significantly increased the likelihood of established smoking (OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.03-2.57). In the same model, team sports nonparticipants were twice as likely to be established smokers compared with team sports participants (OR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.47-2.74).
In both team sports participants and nonparticipants, the proportion of established smokers increased from lowest to highest levels of movie smoking exposure by the same amount, 19.3% (Figure). However, the unadjusted percentage of established smoking was lower in team sports participants than nonparticipants across all levels of movie smoking exposure. Team sports participants, owing to their smaller proportion of established smokers in the lowest level of movie smoking exposure (quartile 1), had a 7-fold increase in the proportion of established smokers between the lowest and highest levels of movie smoking exposure (from 3.5% to 22.8%) compared with a 2-fold increase among team sports nonparticipants (from 15.1% to 34.4%). This association is examined further using a single reference category in the fully adjusted logistic regression analysis.
Prevalence of established smokers across quartiles of movie smoking exposure stratified by team sports participation.
The joint effects of movie smoking exposure and team sports participation using a common low-risk reference category representing the lowest level of movie smoking exposure (quartile 1) and team sports participation, adjusted for covariates, are detailed in Table 2. The interaction of playing team sports and movie smoking exposure was significant for both unadjusted and adjusted models (unadjusted, P = .01; adjusted, P < .001). For team sports participants, the odds of established smoking increased across levels of movie smoking exposure (test of trend, P = .005), suggesting a dose response. Relative to the reference category, the increase in odds of being an established smoker did not reach statistical significance for quartiles 2 and 3 among team sports participants. However, team sports participants had a 3-fold greater risk of established smoking at the highest level of movie smoking exposure (quartile 4) compared with the lowest (quartile 1 [reference category]) (OR = 3.04; 95% CI, 1.39-6.61). Relative to the reference category, the odds of established smoking among team sports nonparticipants were significantly elevated at each level of movie smoking exposure. However, there was no evidence of a dose response across quartile of movie smoking exposure among team sports nonparticipants (test of trend, P = .27); the odds of established smoking were similar for the highest (OR = 3.82; 95% CI, 1.76-8.28) and lowest (OR = 3.54; 95% CI, 1.57-8.02) movie smoking exposure levels (Table 2). Comparing the odds of established smoking within each quartile, we see that at every level of movie smoking exposure, the odds of established smoking were greater for team sports nonparticipants than for participants (Table 2).
Consistent with previous research that has found an inverse association between team sports participation and youth smoking,13- 18,21 we found that respondents who did not participate in team sports were twice as likely to be established smokers at follow-up. Contrary to our second hypothesis, team sports participants and nonparticipants had similar amounts of early movie smoking exposure. For the third hypothesis, we found mixed results. We found that greater levels of movie smoking exposure were associated with a greater likelihood of established smoking and that at every level of movie smoking exposure, team sports participation was protective for youth smoking. However, we saw a dose-response relationship of movie smoking exposure for the odds of established smoking only among team sports participants.
This is the first study to examine the joint effects of movie smoking exposure with team sports participation on established smoking in youths. One area for future investigation is to determine whether the protective influence of team sports participation prevails beyond a certain threshold level of movie smoking exposure. For example, in the Figure, there is the suggestion of a steeper ascent of established smoking between the third and fourth quartiles among team sports participants compared with team sports nonparticipants. Similarly, in the fully adjusted analysis examining the joint effects of movie smoking exposure and team sports participation, there was a sharp increase in the odds of established smoking among team sports participants in the highest quartile of movie smoking exposure. It is important to note that the risk of established smoking among team sports participants with the highest level of movie smoking exposure was similar to that among team sports nonparticipants in the lowest quartile of movie smoking exposure. This highlights the importance of both encouraging team sports participation and minimizing movie smoking exposure as a way to reduce smoking.
We were surprised to discover that team sports participants and nonparticipants had similar amounts of early movie smoking exposure. One possible explanation is that team sports nonparticipants at follow-up were involved in team sports at baseline. Other possible explanations are that some team sports players may have more movie smoking exposure in their off-season or that team sports nonparticipants spend their extra time in activities other than movie viewing. We also expected team sports participants to be less vulnerable to early impressions of movie smoking compared with team sports nonparticipants. Instead, we found that they may be more vulnerable to movie smoking exposure, although overall they are still at lower risk for established smoking than team sports nonparticipants. Social cognitive theory purports that those with high perceived similarity to those modeling a behavior will be more susceptible to that behavior.30 It is possible that the role models associated with team sports enable youths who participate in team sports to identify somewhat less strongly with certain movie characters who smoke on screen. Furthermore, it is possible that because the risk of established smoking is much higher among team sports nonparticipants, their odds of smoking are less likely to be elevated by other risk factors such as movie smoking. Our results are consistent with our previous study2 that showed a similar dose-response effect of movie smoking exposure in lower-risk children but not higher-risk children as defined by parental smoking status. Overall, higher-risk children were at higher risk for smoking initiation but appeared to be less susceptible to movie smoking exposure. However, that finding has not been replicated in other studies.
Our sample was limited in that it was predominantly white and geographically constrained to northern New England. Respondents in the follow-up survey differed from the baseline sample in that they had fewer risk factors for established smoking: being female,31 having both parents who completed high school, and having less movie smoking exposure. These differences may indicate that our findings are more applicable to a population that is overall at lower risk for smoking, thereby making our estimates slightly higher than what they would be for the general population. Our outcome of established smoking was necessarily based on self-report. However, most of the respondents were aged 18 years or older at the time of follow-up and therefore would have been less likely to underreport their smoking behavior. We were unable to identify youths who participated in team sports at an earlier age because team sports participation was only assessed at follow-up. Therefore, we are unable to assess whether the effects were the same at baseline. We did not have specific information regarding the type of team sports played and so were unable to determine whether some types of team sports confer more protection from established smoking than others. Additional research is needed to uncover what, if any, protective differences exist among types of team sports.
This study adds to the mounting evidence pointing to the need for explicit policies addressing ways to minimize youth exposure to movie smoking. Included among these is the recommendation to eliminate smoking from youth-rated movies,32 supported by data from our previous study,1 and a call for new movies to be rated R if they contain smoking.33,34 Additionally, there are actions that clinicians, teachers, coaches, and parents can take to help minimize youth movie smoking exposure. Clinicians, teachers, and coaches can help raise awareness of the strong association between movie smoking exposure and youth smoking. Parents can minimize youth movie smoking exposure by restricting the number of R-rated movies they allow their children to see and by monitoring their children's movie viewing.35 To assist with age-appropriate movie selection, parents can also access online tools such as http://www.screenit.com and http://www.commonsensemedia.org, which were created specifically to inform parents of the amount of smoking in a given movie.
In summary, this study supports the benefits of youth participation in team sports, which appears to protect against established smoking even in the face of movie smoking exposure. However, movie smoking exposure increases the risk of established smoking among both team sports participants and nonparticipants. Parents, teachers, coaches, and clinicians should be aware that encouraging team sports participation in tandem with minimizing early exposure to movie smoking may offer the greatest likelihood of preventing youth smoking.
Correspondence: Anna M. Adachi-Mejia, PhD, Community Health Research Program, Hood Center for Children and Families, Dartmouth Medical School, HB 7465, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Accepted for Publication: November 13, 2008.
Author Contributions: Dr Adachi-Mejia had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Study concept and design: Adachi-Mejia, Primack, and Dalton. Acquisition of data: Adachi-Mejia and Dalton. Analysis and interpretation of data: Adachi-Mejia, Primack, Beach, Titus-Ernstoff, Longacre, Weiss, and Dalton. Drafting of the manuscript: Adachi-Mejia, Primack, and Dalton. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Adachi-Mejia, Primack, Beach, Titus-Ernstoff, Longacre, Weiss, and Dalton. Statistical analysis: Adachi-Mejia, Primack, Beach, Weiss, and Dalton. Obtained funding: Adachi-Mejia and Dalton. Administrative, technical, and material support: Adachi-Mejia, Titus-Ernstoff, Longacre, and Dalton. Study supervision: Adachi-Mejia, Primack, Beach, Titus-Ernstoff, and Dalton.
Financial Disclosure: None reported.
Funding/Support: This study was supported by grants CA108918 and CA77026 from the National Cancer Institute.
Role of the Sponsor: The funding agency did not play a role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Additional Contributions: Christopher D. Moore, BA, and Aurora L. Matzkin, MA, provided comments on earlier drafts, Susan K. Martin, BS, provided administrative support, Mary Ann Greene, MS, provided data management, M. Bridget Ahrens, MPH, Loren M. Bush, MA, and Aaron B. Jenkyn, BA, managed the data collection, Todd F. Heatherton, PhD, and Jennifer J. Tickle, PhD, contributed to the movie coding design, Daniel H. Nassau, BA, coded the movies, William H. Harper, BS, MS, built the computer-assisted telephone interview system, and our telephone interviewing team collected data. We thank the study participants, their parents, and their schools for participating in the survey administration process.
Adachi-Mejia AM, Primack BA, Beach ML, Titus-Ernstoff L, Longacre MR, Weiss JE, Dalton MA. Influence of Movie Smoking Exposure and Team Sports Participation on Established Smoking. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163(7):638–643. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.59
© 2017


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February 27, 2013 at 20:33:35 Feb 27, 2013 @ 20:33
Hi, own plenty of Supeme hats I personaly picked up at the NY location but recently purchaed a color sheme I liked off of ebay. Everythign matches up with my existing collection but the main Supreme lable on the front has me questioning it, anyone have this hat to compare it to or can verrify one way or the other. Thanks in advance.


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SMOKERS in Worcestershire were given help to stamp out the habit as part of last week's national No Smoking Day.
Social enterprise Mytime Active held roadshows in Worcester, Bromsgrove, Kidderminster and Redditch on Wednesday, March 12 giving hundreds of people advice on how to quit.
The organisation's senior manager Anna Skeats said she was pleased to be able to support the event run by the British Heart Foundation.
"No Smoking Day is a great opportunity for us to encourage and support smokers in Worcestershire to quit alongside hundreds of thousands of other people across the UK," she said.
"We know that quitting isn't easy but we want to reassure smokers that support is available to them and show them they can win the battle against cigarettes.
"There's a much higher chance of succeeding with support and this is why Mytime Active is spreading the word to smokers about the range of services and resources which are locally available to them.
"Our activity is crucial to helping smokers on the road to victory and towards a healthier and wealthier smoke-free life."


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IBM PureSystems
KeithA.Thuerk Tags: integrated puresystems it systems expert economics ibm of 3,429 Views
Today (04/11/12) IBM announced a way to change the economics of IT by radically simplifying enterprise computing. By unveiling PureSystems, the ground breaking family of expert integrated systems. The first two members of the family, PureFlex Systems and...
from Blog: Data Center 7.0
Economics of Quality
firstname.lastname@example.com Tags: conseg2011 economics quality software 2 Comments 6,217 Views
I have the honor of giving one of the keynotes at the Conseg2011 conference this February in Bangalore. I have chosen a large, perhaps overly ambitious topic: "The Economics of Quality". Here is my conference proceedings document . My goals in...
from Blog: Murray Cantor


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Is the GMO apple getting closer to reality?
I talked to one source this week who believes the USDA decision on the GMO non browning Arctic apple could be mere weeks away.
At the same time, I notice there is pick up in activity on The Packer online for previous stories and blog posts about the Arctic apple.
Earlier this month, we received a press release from Okanagan Specialty Fruit, referring to a recent speech about the benefits of biotechnology from Neal Carter. From the release:
Summerland, B.C., Canada – Neal Carter, the president of tree fruit biotechnology company Okanagan Specialty Fruits (OSF), recently delivered a presentation on agricultural biotechnology at a TEDx event in Penticton, BC. His presentation, which was delivered live on October 27, 2012, is now available online at the company's consumer-aimed website.
Neal Carter has made it a priority to help educate the public on the value of biotechnology in agriculture. His presentation, titled, "Agricultural Biotechnology: Feeding a Hungry Planet and Saving Lives" is meant to further that cause.
The twelve minute talk covers several topics including the history of biotech foods, the next wave of biotech crops currently in development, the benefits biotechnology can offer, the debate surrounding the technology and the need for more public education.
Carter, a bioresource engineer for over thirty years who also runs a family orchard in addition to OSF, says he was excited to have the opportunity to share such important information through a respected outlet like TEDx. Carter encourages everyone to watch the video and learn as much about biotechnology as possible before passing judgment.
TK: If the USDA renders a positive judgment on the Arctic apple, as many expect, it remains to be seen if there will be legal challenges soon thereafter. Whatever the case, Neal Carter and the Arctic apple will merit our attention in the months ahead. He is going it alone in this quest for the GMO apple.


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Hey all-It's Jamie from Pyramid Studios with a blog on Freshwater Pearls!
As Dave at our jeweler's bench says, "Diamonds, rubies, gold, silver- all gemstones and minerals have to be manipulated in some way after they're discovered. Pearls arrive at the jeweler's bench complete-organic and perfect."
Pearls are not rocks created from heat and pressure under the layers of earth but "grow" within the body of mollusks in the oceans, lakes, rivers and streams across the globe. Any mollusk: scallop, clam, mussel or oyster can form a pearl. I'm focusing this blog entirely on Freshwater Pearls, those cultured in mussels, not their more expensive cousins from the saltwater oyster. This blog is about the affordable luxury of the Freshwater Pearl.
Virtually every culture has incorporated freshwater pearls into their mythology. Throughout history we have seen freshwater pearls associated with the most tenacious monsters and the highest ranking rulers of the world. The Chinese thought pearls to be the tears of dragons fighting in the sky and the ultimate in protection from fire-breathing dragons. Historians say one of the reasons Caesar invaded Great Britain was for the freshwater pearls. Pliny, the 1st century Roman naturalist, tells how Cleopatra, when showing off to Marc Antony, claimed she could consume a whole nation's worth of wealth. She then dissolved an extravagant pearl in wine and drank it, proving her claim correct. (They had me at pearls and fire breathing dragons).
Most freshwater pearls sold today are now cultured in China. Amazing strides have been made in the hundred years since pearl culturing began. Pearls can now be grown in a multitude of shapes and sizes and also dyed to match any outfit. Natural colors of freshwater pearls are whites and pastels like peach and lavender, but mineral dying in China allow them produce many more colors. Shapes include stick, teardrops, rice, rondelles, potato, baroque, stars, crosses, the "free form" keshi and, of course, the traditional round.
Round and classic white freshwater pearls make for must-have earring studs. Perfect for casual wear, at the job or for weddings and bridal party gifts. Like a pearl necklace they are one of the staples for any jewelry box. Pyramid Studios offers gem grade freshwater pearl with high luster in 5 mm–9 mm. Other sizes and findings are available, such as lever backs or dangles. Matching pendants and bracelets are available or classic strands of round pearls.
Designing and stringing pearl jewelry at my beading bench is a highlight of any week. The finished pieces can range from casual to elegant. As a consumer I know it's a great feeling to have options. So at Pyramid Studios I take the time to knot or string our pearl necklaces into many styles. Currently I have a couple cool freshwater pearl necklace projects on the bench.
Wonderfully unique are the large white, freshwater, dancing pearls. "Dancing" pearls are potato shaped pearls with holes drilled through each pearl at the top and sides so they twirl about the string instead of laying evenly in a linear fashion . I chose a gold filled clasp and gold filled findings to accentuate the elegant white of the pearls and create a fancier look. These dancing pearls are the perfect combination of fun and classy that would rock any occasion. Especially one with a dance floor!
Another necklace I just finished was a choker length, multi-color strand of pearls. All were pastels of white, lavender, light pink, light peach. Very natural looking colors, no hot pinks or metallic blues – the necklace has a classiness those colors would just drag down. This was done in traditional knotting and came to 16″, or choker length, with a Sterling Silver clasp. I love the play of the simple pastels and the luster of these pearls.
What is choker length? A nice aspect of pearl necklaces— they are just like people and come in all shapes and sizes. Pearl strands range from choker length (14 to 16″), princess 17-21″ matinee (22-24″), opera length (25-36″) and anything past 37 inches is referred to as a pearl rope. So this pastel strand of freshwater pearls was a choker length (I wish they'd fine a better name!).
In addition to making pearl necklaces for Pyramid's store, I can also repair or restring your pearl or beaded necklaces.
This part of the job is especially important because it's typically fixing something sentimental in a person's life. When should I restring your pearl necklace? Look for the signs to avoid loosing any of your pearls. If the strand is more than ten years old or if you wear your necklace frequently, it's a good idea to have it checked out. Over time, wear increases on the thread between the pearls and it can become thin enough to break. When you notice your pearl strand has stretched out or there is a lot of play between each pearl and the knots between pearls, that's a sign put it in a ziplock baggie and get it repaired! Whether you are keeping your pearls "as is" to be passed down in the family or changing the pearl jewelry to match your personal style, make sure to be sure, because no two pearls are identical, a lost pearl is a lost pearl indeed.
What about jewelry without sentimental attachment? Maybe it's a strand from the ex-boyfriend, whose name will not be mentioned. Or maybe you just need something new for the summer. We can turn that old strand of pearls into something new. Why settle for the necklace you don't wear when can design the one of your dreams?
Creating new jewelry from old is only limited by the imagination. Necklaces can be lengthened or shortened. We can add sterling, gold or gemstone beads to accent the pearls or give new color. We can match an outfit or create a seasonal look. If there are excess pearls from a redesigned necklace, we can use those pearls to make matching earrings or a bracelet. Basically it's up to you! For more information on Pyramid Studios restringing services just click away right here.
So, bring your necklace by our shop, I have some suggestions. We can either make your necklace strong and secure again or make something new from the old. Or maybe interest you in something to protect you from dragons.
We are Pyramid Studios at 10 State Street in Downtown Ellsworth, Maine. And, when it comes to custom jewelry, we rock!
Our store hours:
Wednesday – 10am – 5:30pm
Thursday – 10am – 5:30pm
Friday – 10am – 5:30pm
Saturday – 10am – 4:00pm
Sun/Mon/Tue – Closed
Our web store is open 24/7 and can be located here: Pyramid Studios.
Find, follow, and "like" Pyramid on Facebook by simply clicking here.
To read more about the fascinating history and biology of Freshwater Pearls please click that clicker right here.
Our store hours:
Wednesday – 10am – 5:30pm
Thursday – 10am – 5:30pm
Friday – 10am – 5:30pm
Saturday – 10am – 4:00pm
Sun/Mon/Tue – Closed
Our web store is open 24/7 and can be located here: Pyramid Studios.
Find, follow, and "like" Pyramid on Facebook by simply clicking here.
Pyramid Studios are full service jewelry professionals located in Ellsworth, Maine for over three decades. Our two master jewelers are always available to meet with customers to consult and custom design engagement, bridal, or any jewelry needs. Pyramid Studios stocks a full in-store inventory of diamonds, colored gems, freshwater, Cook Island, and Akoya Pearls for settings in gold, sterling silver and platinum. Other services include complete jewelry repair, care and cleaning, watch battery replacement and re-stranding services by our beading department.
Pyramid Studios online store is open 24/7.
Email and phone inquiries are always welcome.
"Email Us"
Phone: 207-667-3321


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Bangalore, Sep 2 (IANS) An embarrassed Karnataka government Monday announced Rs.5 lakh reward for credible information on tracing the criminal who escaped from the city central jail Sunday.
"We will reward Rs.5 lakh to whoever gives credible information leading to capture of the convict (Jaishankar) who jumped the prison walls to escape," Home Minister K.J. George told reporters here after visiting the jail, located on the city's outskirts.
Admitting to serious security lapses that led to the incident for the first time in the central jail, George said the government would equip all prisons across the state with better surveillance system, including CCTV cameras, floodlights and electric fencing on their compound walls.
"Absence of CCTV cameras, searchlights and power for electric fence on the outer wall made it convenient to the accused to escape without being detected," George said.
Deputy Inspector General (prisons) Viwhwanathaiah, who is heading the inquiry committee, has been directed to ascertain how Jaishankar managed to get a duplicate key of his cell and a police uniform in which he escaped in disguise.
Meanwhile, police launched a massive manhunt to trace the convict across the state and neighbouring states like Tamil Nadu from where he hails, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra.
"We have stepped up vigil at check-posts and inter-state borders and circulated his photograph with other states to trace him," Director General of Police Lalrokhuma Pachuau told reporters later.


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Mail: Southern statues symbolize suppession
Mail: Thanks for helping Aiden
More opinion
Fall: Good time to spray musk thistle in rosette stage
Robertson and Delsing re-elected chair, vice chair of NWB
More Ag News
The Hullabaloo music and camping festival will be held Sept. 6-8 at scenic Sokol Park in Bellevue, organizer Brandon Miller said Monday.
"We are going to miss Riverwest but are looking forward to our new home at Sokol. This beautiful park features amazing shaded concert field and campgrounds, ample parking, a playground and recreation area, covered barbeque pit, benches galore, a secondary indoor venue, shower, bathrooms, and much more," Miller said.
The site includes a new Frisbee golf course and an outdoor movie theater. Food and art vendors are welcome.
Hullabaloo was started by the Kris Lager Band of Omaha, which has a strong following in North Platte as well as across the country.
KLB was hired by Mato Nanji of Indigenous to be his backing band from 2006-09. Since parting ways with Indigenous, the KLB has found success on their own having just recorded tracks with Magic Slim, touring with Grammy winning Los Lonely Boys, and recording an album with Grammy nominee Tab Benoit.
The Lager band played May 11 in North Platte and they made frequent appearances at the Loup River Blues Festival in Arnold before it disbanded in 2011.
The Lager band members started the annual music festival in their hometown. Recently, Livability.com released a top 10 list of the best cities to see live music. Omaha was fifth, and Hullabaloo being mentioned in the article.
The Omaha World Herald reported the development.
Miller said this year Hullabaloo will be larger than ever.
For information about sponsorships, vending booths or volunteering as a member of the Hullabacroo, call Miller at 402-210-4747 or email email@example.com
Flatrock Publishing, Inc.
1300 E 4th St., Suite F
North Platte, NE 69101


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Topic: gemzar/taxotere/xeloda
Hi everyone!
Sending you all warm and positive thoughts.
I was diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma, with mets to lungs two years ago. Thank G-d for today I am doing very well.
I started out on Cisplatin/gemzar and was taken off after six months as I was told it could not stay on it too long then went to Carbolatin/gemzar. When that was not effective, I went on to FOLFIRINOX which worked for a year until my tumor started to grow. I was nauseous (silver lining - lost weight!) on FOLFIRINOX but no hair loss.
Now I am on GTX. I was told I would lose hair because of Taxotere but still OK on day 12. Side effects are chills and craving carbs. Is anyone else on this regimen?
Hope the best of health for all.
Pos. Att.


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Eastpak Tranzshell L Apple Pick Red
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text: Smell the Coffee: Musing on wrangling your muse By Karin Fuller August 31, 2013 Story Share CHARLESTON, W.Va. -- "I should fire my muse," I grumbled as I stood before the open refrigerator, staring at the pitiful offerings."What's a muse?" my daughter asked."It's sort of a voice in your head," I said. "Like, if you're trying to come up with a story and something bizarre and intact suddenly occurs to you, out of nowhere. Or if you're typing and it feels like you're taking dictation rather than coming up with words on your own. The muse is who gives that to you.""So it's kinda like your imaginary friend," Celeste said.I shrugged. "Kinda.""So are you thinking you're going to find her in there?" Celeste asked, with a nod toward the fridge. "Cause that seems like a rude place to store her. Or do muses get stale?"Truth be told, my muse has gone stale. She's been doing this excessive absenteeism thing lately. Taken an unauthorized leave. Is likely off in the tropics re-evaluating her options. Whatever her excuse, she's a slacker these days.Used to be that my muse was hyperactive, ferreting out column topics from most every conversation, rousting story ideas from nothing more than a glance into a stranger's shopping cart or a song on the radio. These days, she's surly, ill-tempered and repetitive. I complained to a writer friend. "I need to figure out how to tickle my muse.""Pickling it might be more effective," she said.This writer friend, Ginger Hamilton, then sent me a link to a Ted Talks speech about muses by Elizabeth Gilbert, the charming author of "Eat, Pray, Love." Gilbert talked of how, in ancient Greece and Rome, people didn't believe that creativity came from humans, but rather that it came from a sort of spirit that entered into the person and guided them to create.Said Gilbert, "If your work was brilliant, you couldn't take all the credit for it. Everybody knew that you had this disembodied genius who had helped you. But if your work bombed -- not entirely your fault, you know? Everyone knew your genius was kind of lame." Gilbert talked of an interview she once did with musician Tom Waits where the discussion rolled around to the subject of muses.Waits said he was speeding down a Los Angeles freeway one day when he suddenly heard a little fragment of melody. It just popped into his head, "elusive and tantalizing, and he wanted it. It was gorgeous and he longed for it, but had no way to get it."Waits didn't have paper or a pencil or a tape recorder, and he started to get anxious, thinking he was going to lose the song and then be haunted by it forever. But instead of panicking, Waits looked up at the sky and said, "Excuse me, can you not see that I'm driving? Do I look like I can write down a song right now? If you really want that song to exist, come back at a more opportune moment when I can take care of you. Otherwise, go bother somebody else today."Gilbert was inspired by Waits and decided to take his muse handling to heart. Later, when she was attempting to work on a manuscript and nothing was coming, she began to feel overwhelmed by angst over the drivel she believed she was writing, so she looked up from her manuscript and spoke out loud to an empty corner of the room."Listen you ... thing," Gilbert said. "You and I both know that if this book isn't brilliant that it's not entirely my fault, right? Because you can see that I am putting everything I have into this. I don't have any more than this."So if you want it to be better, then you've got to show up and do your part. But if you don't do that, you know what? The hell with it. I'm going to keep writing anyway because that's my job. And I would please like the record to reflect today that I showed up for my part of the job."Gilbert's book "Eat, Pray, Love" went on to become both a best-seller and a popular movie, so apparently, her muse listened.My muse, however, did not. I figure she's either stretched out on a beach somewhere.Or tucked among crusty condiments at the back of the fridge.Reach Karin Fuller via email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Story Share Story Share Trending Now 1 Facebook founder visits Cabin Creek Health Systems 2 Safety shutoff disabled prior to June coal-mining death, report says 3 Huggins, WVU tap South Florida hoops talent 4 Teen pleads guilty to voluntary manslaughter in Oakes Field shooting 5 WVU hopes to get injured defenders back for TCU Want to check skydiving off your bucket list? Previous Story Book review: Crackling, down-home yarn set in the bayou Next Story


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Body found in Lehigh Acres wooded areaPosted: Updated:
Most Popular Stories
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Standout receiver Antonio Callaway and running back Jordan Scarlett are among nine Florida players facing felony fraud charges.
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A 37-year-old woman accused of leaving a 2-year-old girl in a parked car at Disney's Grand Floridian Resort & Spa has bonded out of jail.
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Hurricane Irma caused severe damage to seawalls throughout the city.
Weather Blog: Comparing Hurricanes Maria and Lee
The saying "no two hurricanes are the same" is strongly reinforced when you compare Hurricane Maria with Hurricane Lee.
Man dies after running from deputies in Ave Maria
An investigation is underway after a 22-year-old Ave Maria man died after acting strangely and jumping into a lake.
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A photo of a WWII veteran taking a knee in the midst of a war of words between the president and NFL players is going viral.
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Hurricane Maria whipped Puerto Rico with Irma-level winds, drenched the island with Harvey-level flooding, crippled communications, decimated buildings and damaged a dam that puts downstream residents at risk of catastrophe.
Fake YouTube account targets Charlotte County sheriff
The Florida Department of Law Enforcement is investigating a fake YouTube account with connections to the Charlotte County Sheriff's Office.


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The face of today's marketplace is always changing. Between customer trends and demands, business owners always have to anticipate new ways to adapt their business in order to succeed. The growing use of credit card, debit card and gift card payments no longer afford business growth to "cash only" merchants. As a result, businesses are turning to merchant service providers …Read More »
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Looking back again at Jurewicz' essay, I note that her parody theory hinges on many correspondences she says exists between the sutta nidanas with the Vedic counterparts.
For avijja, she acknowledges that there is no avidya in the Vedas. Thus, she resorts to the mysterious state in which neither sat (Being) nor asat (Non-Being) exist, which is expressed in the Nasadiya Sukta. She equates this state as the Vedic antecedent to the Buddha's description of avijja.
Now, here's the bummer. Doubt has now been thrown on the age of the Nasadiya Sukta. It has been suggested that the Nasadiya Sukta is a very, very late addition to the Vedas, and it was composed as a reaction to the Dualism of Sankhya, during the first centuries of the Common Era. This seems to be borne out by the fact that in the Chandogya Upanishad, the zeroth point was represented not by this neither Being nor Non-Being, but by just sat/Being. At least in the Chandogya's time, the controversy was simply over whether the First was Being or Non-Being, not the neither-nor of the Nasadiya Sukta. As for the position in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the First was simply Atman. I cite these 2 Upanishads, as there is general consensus that the Buddha was familiar with their concepts.
Jurewicz then goes on to trace the Buddhist sankhara as corresponding to the abhisamskaroti of the Satapatha Brahmana. This is a document which does not appear to be controversial and is agreed to be pre-Buddhist. I think there's some merit in the equation, as abhisamskaroti pops up many time in the Pali suttas as abhisankaroti as the verbal synonym for sankhara in discussions of DO.
If we now discount the Nasadiya Sukta as furnishing any Vedic antecedent to DO, I think we can safely say that during the Buddha's career, the First Point in Indian cosmogony was either Sat or Atman. The Buddha made 2 innovations to address the pre-Buddhist cosmogenic cycles -
1. He went further back in denying Sat/Being (see SN 12.15, where the sabbam atthi/sabbam natthi reference could have been in reference to the Chandogya debate about sat and asat) and Atman, and putting in their place avijja; and
2. Instead of the prevailing discussion of the causal structure of "this leads to that", the Buddha emphasized the "conditionality" aspect of causation by asking the negative question in analysing the reverse order of Dependant Cessation, ie "When what does not exist does X not come to be?" (SN 12.10, which interestingly took place before His awakening, perhaps suggestive of His time spent putting aside the Upanishads).
Perhaps the parody theory needs to be re-examined


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[Spoiler] "Rebel: Thief Who Stole the People" Kim Ji-suk orders children to be buried alive
Kim Ji-suk ordered the children of female singers to be buried alive.
On the latest episode of the MBC drama "Rebel: Thief Who Stole the People", Yeonsangun (Kim Ji-suk) watched women sing with Nok-soo (Lee Honey).
One of them started to gag. She was pregnant. Nok-soo had said some of the singers she brought from outside were pregnant or had kids.
Yeonsangun said he needed female singers and not children. He ordered the children to be buried alive.


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Personyze was founded in 2008 by a group of entrepreneurs with a vast experience in web analysis and advertising who realized that websites of any size needed the ability to offer each of their visitors an experience that is significantly more personal and relevant to their needs and interests, on an individual basis.
The understanding that the key to success for any web business is a relevant and engaging user-experience and that there is no easy and cost-effective way of achieving this, was what lead to the development of Personyze's comprehensive suite of Web analytics, segmentation, personalization and optimization.
Personyze is a complete set of tools focused on enhancing user-experience and increasing conversions and revenue. The suite features highly advanced and powerful segmentation and personalization capabilities, as well as excellent analytics and testing tools.
The Web marketing and e-commerce industry has always had a deep understanding of the enormous benefits of website personalization and behavioral targeting. However, until today, no solution was comprehensive, simple to use and affordable enough to be embraced by any but the very largest websites.
Personyze offers a comprehensive, easy to use and highly affordable solution that makes real-time visitor segmentation and website personalization possible for websites of any size.


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Theo Walcott has been ruled out of England's World Cup qualifier against Poland on Tuesday with a chest injury.
Walcott was injured in the opening minutes of Friday's 5-0 win over San Marino after a collision with goalkeeper Aldo Simoncini.
"Theo Walcott has been ruled out of the FIFA World Cup qualifier with Poland on Tuesday with a chest injury," said the Football Association in a statement.
The statement continued: "The Arsenal forward was taken to hospital following a collision with the San Marino goalkeeper on Friday night, he was monitored overnight as a precaution and following scan results today will return to his club for further treatment."
The FA are not saying exactly what the scan results showed, but coach Roy Hodgson was upset immediately after the game and suggested there might be a significant problem.
"I don't think it is going to be good," he said. "He is in hospital overnight. We can only hope it is bad bruising but he was pretty badly beaten up."
There has been no indication about a replacement being called up, although as England already have Aaron Lennon and Adam Johnson in their squad, it would be a surprise if Hodgson felt he needed anyone else.
The squad are not due to reconvene until Sunday, when Frank Lampard's knee injury will be reassessed, in addition to determining whether Ryan Bertrand has recovered from the virus that prevented him from training last week.


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The magician blows some bubbles. As he touches one with his hand it becomes solid! More bubbles are then seen multiplying between his fingertips! You get the bubble bottle (soap bubbles not included), and everything you need to perform a professional multiplying bubble routine. Includes DVD and carrying case.
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As Chairperson of the Bullitt County Partners In Prevention I would like to say that I am saddened by Judge Burress' decision to deem the smoking ban as unlawful. It was to my understanding that it was the Health Department's responsibility to "promote healthy lifestyles in Bullitt County through prevention and protection." I'm just wondering what sort of message is being sent to our community.
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- Php newbie (newbie in web development in general)
- have my senior proposal to submit in 4 month.
Problem which i need help with:
- I finished my web application design (using adobe). and i don't know how to proceed. i know it's time to code, but how can i link the code to the design i did ? like submit buttons, read data from db (i have knowledge in mysql/sql so queries and so on are fairly simple to handle)
- Is there a way i could get my menus to be dynamic instead of static? for example Insert,update,delete would affect the name of menus and their subsections ?
Thanks for your advice.


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Call them Hello Dollies, Magic Squares, 7-Layer Bars or just plain goooood. I first discovered these quick and easy cookie bars in college, and they quickly became a favored late night studying treat. I've tricked them out as Kitchen Sink Bars with potato chips and pretzel pieces for a sweet and salty treat, but the beauty of these sweet and chewy, utterly ooey-gooey bars is that you don't need to be bound to tradition. While the standard recipe typically includes a butter and graham cracker crumb crust, topped with sweetened condensed milk, chocolate chips, shredded coconut, and nuts, the form is perfect for customization. With a holiday party on my calendar, and little time to whip up a labor intensive dessert, I decided to see if I could rework these classic bars with some seasonal flavoring. Bring on the ginger snaps!
Instead of a graham cracker crust, these bars are made with crushed ginger snaps and topped with sweetened condensed milk, chocolate chips, shredded coconut, and crystallized ginger pieces. Feel free to add chopped nuts if desired or mix it up entirely using another seasonal cookie as your base.
Get the Recipe
Got a favorite classic American dessert recipe you'd like to see featured here? Email us with the subject: "American Classics."
About the author: Alexandra Penfold is mild-mannered children's book editor by day, food ninja by night. Never one to skip dessert she's the Brownie half of Blondie & Brownie and a Midtown Lunch contributor. You can follow her on Twitter at @blondiebrownie.


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April 08, 2013 — Coral Gables — The University of Miami Frost School of Music announces its Frost Opera Theater's 2012-2013 season will conclude April 18-21 with the premiere of a new opera by composer Charles Norman Mason entitled Entanglements that examines the types of personal, family, work and political relationships that can evolve and entwine over time. With a run time of approximately two hours in length, there are five scenes that occur simultaneously in adjacent architectural spaces. The production features 19 vocalists accompanied by sparse contemporary orchestrations on instruments such as synthesizer, piano, marimba, and saxophone quartet. The audience may choose to experience the scenes in any order they wish (and for as long as they wish), much like strolling through an art museum's many galleries, or the types of non-linear interactions that occur on social media sites. Surfing or skipping scenes is allowed—and even encouraged— providing each audience member with a unique narrative experience. Three "blogging" characters also offer vocal commentary throughout the experience.
Four major roles in Entanglements include Sulla, a political dictator who wrestles with his conscience as he wields control over his protesting subjects; Akala, a successful artist who stops painting, disenchanted after witnessing the dictator's atrocities against humanity, then takes up her art again in a new style in an effort to voice her opposition, even at the risk of alienating her own family; Marcus, a soap opera star who seeks to bring more realism to his work, only to experience artistic censorship and the threat of losing his job; and Janice, an epileptic who faces brain surgery to separate the two hemispheres of her brain that could either improve her seizures or plunge her into oblivion. Composer Charles Mason then entangles their lives throughout the opera in inexplicable ways, much like the namesake phenomenon in physics in which "two entities are inexorably linked no matter how far away from each other they may be." [Entanglement: The Greatest Mystery in Physics by Amir D. Aczel]
Students from the Department of Vocal Performance at the Frost School of Music will perform all roles. The opera will be staged in five different galleries throughout the University of Miami's Lowe Art Museum, 1301 Stanford Drive, Coral Gables. There will be three performances in all: Thursday, April 18 at 7:30 p.m., Saturday, April 20 at 7:30 p.m. and Sunday, April 21 at 4:00 p.m. General admission is $10. Admission is free for all UM Students, Faculty, Staff, as well as Lowe Members.
Visit http://www.music.miami.edu/concerts or http://www.lowemuseum.org for further details.
Dr. Charles Norman Mason teaches composition at the Frost School of Music. He often composes works that have a parallel with architecture or a physical space, or that affect the flow of people through time and space. He calls this area of interest "Music for Porous Architecture." He has written a number of pieces contemplating what it means to take into consideration the architectural space within which the work will appear.
Mason also describes his composition style as Hyper-Connectivism. He elaborates, "The word connective refers to the idea of disparate parts working together towards a common goal. The term hyper refers to, on the one hand, the edge where great things happen; and on the other hand to the point where at any moment, all could fall into disarray, the border right before chaos."
He has combined both concepts in his opera Entanglements. "Since scenes are occurring simultaneously, a one hour performance is actually four hours of music," he explains. "If the scenes were presented sequentially, it would be a Wagnerian-length opera, but since five scenes occur simultaneously, it only lasts an hour or two, depending on how much the audience chooses to experience."
In a rare feat, Mason authored both the libretto and composed the music for Entanglements in a single summer, directly after receiving a University of Miami Provost Research Grant to do so in 2012.
While Mason was composing Entanglements, he also composed a youth symphony, and a new work for the chamber ensemble Pulse, which they premiered in Rome in October 2012. He is currently working on a commission for the Ritz String Quartet and a piece for flute and string orchestra for the North/South New Music Ensemble that will be premiered in New York in June 2013.
Mason has received many awards for his compositions including the American Composers Orchestra "Playing it Unsafe" prize, the 2005 Rome Prize (Prix du Rome), the Premi Internacional de Composició Musical Ciutat de Tarragona Orchestra Music prize, and a National Endowment of the Arts Individual Artist Award. His music is published by Living Artist Publishing and is available on ten different compact disc recordings. For further information about Dr. Mason please visit his website.
All artists, schedules, times and locations are subject to change without notice. Please refer to http://www.music.miami.edu for the most current event information.
About the Frost Opera Theater
Frost Opera Theater recognizes that today's opera world is vibrant, eclectic, and ever changing—offering tomorrow's opera singer multiple career choices of tradition and innovation.
Under the supervision of music director Alan Johnson, the Frost Opera Theater's performance activities reflect the broad range of programming in the twenty-first century, from Baroque opera to the most progressive works of our time. Recent repertoire has included The Magic Flute, The Marriage of Figaro, Cosi fan tutte, Bastien and Bastienne (Mozart), Dido and Aeneas (Purcell), The Beggar's Opera (Gay/arr. Britten), The Merry Widow (Lehár), L'enfant et les sortilèges (Ravel), Albert Herring (Britten), and the Florida premieres of Strawberry Fields (Torke) and Ballymore, Part One: Winners (Wargo).
Frost Opera Theater was recognized by Classical Singer magazine ("Acting and Dancing for Singers," September 2009) for its efforts to address the needs of today's emerging opera singers. Frost Opera Theater performed excerpts from Libby Larsen's Frankenstein: the Modern Prometheus in New York City under the auspices of the Center for Contemporary Opera in February 2011.
About Frost School of Music
The Phillip and Patricia Frost School of Music is one of two schools created in 1926 when the University of Miami was founded. With over 700 students and 100 faculty, it is one of the largest and best music schools located in a private university in the U.S., and one of the most comprehensive in all of higher education. The naming gift from Dr. Phillip and Patricia Frost in 2003 was one of the historic highlights in the life of the School.
The mission of the Frost School of Music is to foster musical leadership by providing an innovative, relevant, and inspiring education; advance performance, creativity and scholarship; and enrich the world community with meaningful outreach and brilliant cultural offerings.
The Frost School has pioneered new curricula and was the first in the nation to offer professionally accredited bachelor and master degrees in Music Business and Music Engineering Technology, was among the first to offer degrees in Music Therapy, and Studio Music and Jazz. Renowned for its Instrumental Performance programs, it is the home of the Frost Chamber Orchestra, Frost Symphony Orchestra, and Frost Concert Jazz Band and is a leader in vocal training with the Frost Opera Theater, Frost Chorale and other notable choirs.
Frost is the exclusive home of the Frost Experiential Music Curriculum which fully integrates performance, music theory, ear training, music history and composition through chamber music and skills ensembles; the Henry Mancini Institute which provides students with cross-genre performance opportunities in real-world professional settings; the Stamps Family Distinguished Visitors Series which brings free music master classes and lectures to the community; and the Bruce Hornsby Creative American Music Program which develops the creative skills of talented young artist/songwriters by immersing them in the diverse traditions of American songwriting.
« Back to Frost News Releases Archive


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Marrero — The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office is searching for several men who gunned down a Marrero man in a barrage of bullets Monday morning.
Emeal Washington, 58, died after gunmen fired at least 81 rounds at him in the 6100 block of August Avenue shortly after 2 a.m., Col. John Fortunato, a sheriff's spokesman said. Fortunato said deputies were called out to the area after receiving reports of a man shot at that location.
When they arrived, deputies found Washington in the street with multiple gunshot wounds to the body, Fortunato said. Investigators recovered 81 shell casings from three different types of weapons at the scene. The home that Washington was shot in front of was pockmarked with bullet holes, with little white tags identifying their numbers on Monday afternoon. No one answered the door at the residence, and attempts to reach Washington's family were unsuccessful.
Fortunato said Washington was in the neighborhood visiting a friend, and had gone to his car to get some cigarettes, according to his friend. As he was walking back to the home, three men walked up to the house and opened fire, Fortunato said. The friend told police that he tried to warn Washington to run, but then ducked back inside the home. Washington tried to flee, but was gunned down.
Fortunato said police have not identified a motive or suspects in the killing, although Washington did have an extensive criminal history. Washington's family lived in the neighborhood for several years but had moved prior to the shooting.
Washington remained a regular in the neighborhood, and Fortunato acknowledged prior police contact with the residents of the home where Washington was killed. Although two men were outside at the time of the shooting, Fortunato said investigators believe Washington was the target of the gunmen based on information he wasn't ready to release to the public.
Washington's death was the first homicide investigated by the Sheriff's Office in 2013. The first homicide in Jefferson Parish was reported in Kenner on Saturday, although Kenner police are still trying to determine where that incident occurred. The Sheriff's Office reported a nonfatal shooting in Avondale around the same time that Washington's shooting was reported.
Anyone with information is asked to contact the Sheriff's Office at (504) 364-5300 or Crime Stoppers at (504) 822-1111.


text: Thirty Handy Dandy convenience stores across Indiana are set to begin carrying KOMA UNWIND relaxation shots, as well as BeBevCo's emerging brand: Relax 5 shots. S. Abraham and Sons Inc. is partnering with BeBevCo and is the distributor in this deal. Since announcing distribution of KOMA UNWIND throughout South Carolina Walmart stores, distributors and convenience


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Holiday food while working the holiday in Summit County
November 21, 2012
For most, Thanksgiving is a day of eating delicious food, hanging out with friends and family and just relaxing in general. Unfortunately, not everyone can afford to spend an entire day of feasting and festivities. People are still needed to run things around town, particularly on the mountains.
Liz Wilson has been in Summit County for a little over a year, and currently works several jobs. Like many residents, Wilson will be spending the Thanksgiving holiday working.
"It's definitely hard being away from my family," Wilson said. "At the same time, it's not like I'm just sitting at home. I'm working, and get to work with my friends."
Wilson plans to have a Thanksgiving-type celebration with friends later in the week. This is a common story throughout Summit County. However, for those working at the ski resorts, working on Thanksgiving Day doesn't mean missing out on Thanksgiving food.
Ski resort employees run the gamut from seasoned locals, who live and breathe snow sports, to seasonal rookies who may be away from home for the holidays for the first time. Either way, management wants to ensure that they get a taste of the holidays.
"It's a fun tradition here," said Kristen Pettit-Stewart, spokeswoman for Vail Resorts. "We're appreciative that our folks are here during Thanksgiving and we want to tell them that."
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This morning, the management and senior teams of Vail Resorts gather and put together more than 800 Thanksgiving meal boxes for working employees. The meal consists of traditional food – turkey, mashed potatoes, vegetables, bread roll and pumpkin pie.
"It's mom's Thanksgiving meal, but it comes to you in a little box," said Pettit-Stewart.
Once the meals are prepared, they're dispersed to employees at the resorts, Breckenridge sports and Specialty Sports Ventures. Even the employees that are upon the mountains, or working the overnight shift will receive the meals. Some meals are delivered at 11,000 feet.
"Our employees are so valuable to us, and we want to ensure that all of our employees have a happy Thanksgiving, and we appreciate the work they do day in and day out," said Kate Lessman, a spokeswoman for Vail Resorts.
"It's one of our favorite days of the year, as far as managers and the senior team," Pettit-Stewart said.
The employees at Copper Mountain have their share of fun and festivities as well.
"Every department at Copper Mountain is a family on the holidays, and each one celebrates differently," Austyn Williams, of Copper Mountain Resort public relations, stated in an email.
Cindi Gillespie, for example, manager of transportation operations, helped with preparing at least four turkeys and other traditional Thanksgiving fixings for Copper's maintenance, base operations, parking, vehicle maintenance and transportation departments.
Employees at Arapaho Basin can expect a large lunch spread today whether they're working or not, all provided by the ski area.
"The directors really value the employees and what they do there, especially that they're working on holidays," said marketing and communications manager Adrienne Saia Isaac. "It's nice on holidays to just know that there's some time set aside, and take a minute and hang out with your co-workers."


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Off the Charts
The market had one of its biggest declines of 2012 today following the re-election of President Barack Obama last night. Investors are worried about the looming fiscal cliff and the current electorate's ability to reach a compromise after four years of partisan bickering.
Fresh concerns about the European debt crisis also weighed heavily on stocks today, with ECB Chairman Mario Draghi pointing to data that the regional crisis was starting to affect even Germany. The decline was broad as the major indices all fell around 2.5%....755 more words left in this article. To read them, just click below and try Real Money FREE for 14 days.
There's no substitute for a trading floor to get great ideas, so Jim Cramer created a better one at Real Money and blogs there exclusively. We then added legendary hedge fund manager, Doug Kass, with his exclusive Daily Diary and best investing ideas. Staffed with more than 4 dozen investing pros, money managers, journalists and analysts, Real Money Pro gives you a flood of opinions, analysis and actionable trading advice found nowhere else, and allows you to interact directly with each expert.
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Home > Education > Pre-university
In Bagaya, Senegal, the electricity suffers from temporary failures, which can cause significant problems. It can also be troubling for those who need continuous lighting (e.g. surgeons) and cooling (e.g. for conservation medicines). Since 1989, the Belgian organization Bagaya-Kapelle has supported small developmental projects for Bagaya. To meet the basic needs of the village, they have asked the non-profit organization Humasol, an engineering based humanitarian group, to help install solar cells to ensure a continuous supply of energy.
For this purpose, Humasol has selected master students of electrical engineering from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, acting as missionaries and trainers for a local partner, represented by the A.J.B. (Association des Jeunes de Bagaya). The goal of the missionaries is to, by the end of summer help establish stability for the local partner. In first instance, they will teach to cope with any reparation issues and if possible, to reproduce the installation. Humasol's collaboration with Bagaya will last at least three years, in order to increase the capabilities of the local partner with construction.
The students from the university will be buying the correct number of solar cells, which have to be soldered in series and parallel to deliver enough voltage and current. Then, an appropriate controller must control the power delivery to the battery. The students must also work on the packaging, which is crucial, as no wind or rain must damage the solar cells. Humasol will assign a project leader, responsible for guiding the students through their pre-study of the project, and who will act as a sounding board during the design and execution phase.
The students are selected on the basis of a CV and motivation letter. The selected students will be given 6 credits, and be followed up by IEEE member Dieter Duyc and the groups responsible involved in these two projects. After the pre-study period, they will then travel to Bagaya in the summer of 2011. Humasol also intends to involve Senegalese high school students in preparation and feedback.
A blog will be maintained by the missionaries on the Humasol website in order to document and track communication between all the groups involved.


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At Rapid Dry, we have a real love/hate relationship with our Western NY customers. We love it when they call us, yet at the same time, hate the idea of them having to go through such a stressful experience. And let's not kid ourselves; flooding, standing water, mold accumulation… these are all very stressful events, and need to be handled by compassionate, dedicated professionals.
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Rapid Dry works with many insurance companies, public adjusters, contractors and management companies, and is extensively-insured for your peace of mind.


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Pollock shines in first Opening Day assignment
PHOENIX -- Hours before first pitch on Monday, D-backs outfielder A.J. Pollock sat at his locker trying to soak in every moment of the day.
Normally, batting seventh and starting in center field wouldn't be anything new to the 25-year-old, but this was different. It marked the first time in his young career he made an Opening Day roster.
And by the end of the night, Pollock had turned in a game he'll remember for a long time to come. Collecting three hits, including driving in the go-ahead runs in the fourth, the outfielder helped the D-backs defeat the Cardinals, 6-2.
"It's all about hitting mistakes," Pollock said. "Today we capitalized on it, some days you don't. I think we did a good job of being patient and waiting for a pitch to hit and we were able to do some damage."
The three hits tied for the most by a D-backs rookie on Opening Day.
"That's really cool," he said. "I'm sure my mom will be all over it."
Pollock appeared in 31 games last season for Arizona and said the knowledge he gained aided him in preparing himself for the big stage Monday.
"It helps a lot," he said. "Mostly if you can settle yourself down you realize it's the same game you've played."
As for the experience as a whole, Pollock described Monday as the culmination of his career to date.
"This is the stage I've always wanted to be on, wherever I've been, it was to get to here," he said. "I feel very fortunate to be here. There's a lot of firsts I have to get out of the way."
After originally being slated to begin his season with Triple-A Reno, Pollock earned the 25-man spot when Adam Eaton and Cody Ross went down with injuries.
"It was real hard, you don't want to see it, but everyone knows it's part of the game," he said. "It stinks but this could be my chance to show what I can do."
Tyler Emerick is an associate reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Yields on 10-year Treasuries in the world's three largest debt-issuing countries, the U.S., Germany and Japan, have all been declining over the past week.
The German and Japanese yields, however, have been declining for the past month, even as U.S. yields have stayed in the 2% range.
The 10-year yield in Germany has declined from a recent high of 1.69% on Jan. 29 to 1.27% today. The Japanese yield has declined from 0.81% on Feb. 4 to 0.69% today.
The U.S. yield, however, began to decline only in the past week from a recent high of 2.03% to 1.87% this morning.
Financial analysts across all asset classes have been fixated this year on trying to determine when the Federal Reserve will begin to withdraw stimulus, allowing long-end yields to rise again. This has caused the yields on long-end U.S. Treasuries to remain elevated in comparison with those in Germany and Japan.
The expectations of increasing stimulus in Japan coupled with steadily lower long-end yields there should logically have caused U.S. bond traders to anticipate that Japanese investors would increase their carry trades into U.S. debt, causing yields on U.S. debt to decline as well.
Fear that the Fed will end its support for Treasuries and mortgage-backed securities by indicating a withdrawal from QE 3 and 4 has proven to be a greater concern for global bond buyers than anything else.
It has proven so far to be greater than economic fundamentals or the actions taken by either the European Central Bank or the Bank of Japan.
This fear has been exacerbated by Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke's reticence with respect to the Fed's intentions, which some interpret as meaning that he may be concerned about the prospect of having to withdraw QE 3 and 4 sooner than anticipated.
However, outside of the increases and increasing rates of housing and auto sales over the past year, there is still little evidence that the U.S. economy is doing anything other than stagnating. Unemployment figures, initial jobless claims, the Consumer Price Index, wages, productivity, freight and shipping indices, the ISM manufacturing and non-manufacturing indices and GDP overall are all indicating a flat U.S. economy that could easily revert to even slower growth.
And yet global bond market participants appear convinced that the U.S. is on the verge of a growth trajectory that will require the Fed to exit QE3 and 4 sooner than anticipated.
Bernanke will testify before the U.S. Senate today, and although he will likely not address the Fed's plans for QE3 and 4, it is logical to anticipate that he will have to acknowledge that the majority of the U.S. economic indicators do not validate concerns about inflation.
This should provide the rationale necessary for bond traders and investors to put aside their concerns about a Fed exit and begin to buy U.S. Treasuries. This should allow U.S. 10-year yields to decline to where they were at the beginning of the year, in the 1.75% range, and perhaps as low as 1.6%, which is where they were in early December, the last time the Japanese yields were in the 0.7% range.
This would also cause 30-year fixed-rate mortgages in the U.S. to decline back toward their 2012 low of about 3.25% at par, from the current level of 3.75%.