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For most of the last 50 years, nearly every U.S. president has negotiated secretly with the government of Cuba in bids to resolve the two nations' conflicts
In late August of 1994, the Nobel Prize—winning novelist Gabriel García Márquez traveled to Martha's Vineyard for a dinner with President Bill Clinton. "Gabo wanted to come and talk to Clinton about Cuba," recalled Rose Styron who, along with her famous husband, William, hosted the evening at their rambling island home. Indeed, the dinner party served as an elaborate cover for García Márquez to deliver a message to Clinton from Fidel Castro. While the other guests ate fried chicken with rice and gravy, the writer shared with the president details of Castro's proposal to end the "balsero crisis"—the flood of Cubans taking to the seas in small boats, inner tubes and makeshift rafts to cross the Florida Straits to the United States. As Rose Styron remembers, García Márquez also took the opportunity to press Clinton on "the need to open up relations" with Cuba; Clinton, she said, appeared to agree. "Try and come to an understanding with Fidel, as he has a very good opinion of you," García Márquez advised the president. The next day, García Márquez left the Vineyard and traveled to Havana to report on Clinton's response to Castro.
This furtive communication between a U.S. president and the fiery Cuban leader was no historical anomaly. Clinton was hardly the first U.S. president to negotiate with Castro, discreetly, through an intermediary. It is a little-known fact that since the Eisenhower administration broke relations with Cuba on January 3, 1961, every president has engaged in some form of dialogue with Fidel Castro—with the exception of George W. Bush. From Kennedy to Clinton, one U.S. administration after another has negotiated immigration accords, anti-terrorism treaties, counter-narcotics agreements and other bilateral arrangements. Behind the scenes, the United States and Cuba have repeatedly resorted to clandestine diplomacy to address and resolve crises, ranging from tensions at the U.S. military base at Guantánamo to terrorist plots against Cuba. Several presidents—most notably Kennedy, Ford and Carter—engaged in secret dialogues with Castro to explore the normalization of relations.
This history has immediate relevance for the new president of the United States. During his campaign, Barack Obama raised expectations about a change in Cuba policy when he pledged to meet with leaders of hostile states such as Iran and North Korea "without preconditions." Asked during a debate with Hillary Clinton in Texas if he would actually sit down with Raúl Castro in Cuba, Obama replied:
That's correct.... I would meet without preconditions, although Senator Clinton is right that there has to be preparation.... And that preparation might take some time. But I do think that it's important for the United States not just to talk to its friends, but also to talk to its enemies. In fact, that's where diplomacy makes the biggest difference. Preparations for such diplomacy should include a review of past efforts by Obama's predecessors to talk with Fidel about changing the hostile framework of relations that has endured for 50 years. Kennedy, Ford and Carter failed to reach an accommodation with Cuba. Clinton's efforts to reduce tensions and improve relations also fell short of that goal. But the historical record generated by their administrations contains important lessons on how an effective effort at direct diplomacy might end, once and for all, the perpetual antagonism in U.S.-Cuban relations.
In his youthful demeanor and charisma, Obama has often been compared to John F. Kennedy. The Cuban issue dominated Kennedy's thousand days in office. As president, he led the country and the world through the Cuban Missile Crisis; he also oversaw some of the most egregious acts of U.S. aggression toward the island nation, including the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, the trade embargo and Operation Mongoose, a set of covert actions designed to destabilize the country and overthrow Castro. But Kennedy also had the courage and curiosity to explore what Top Secret National Security Council memoranda described as "U.S./Cuban discussions about accommodation" and "a rapprochement with Castro."
Early in his administration, Kennedy learned that the Cubans were open to such talks. During an international economic summit in Montevideo, Uruguay, in August 1961, Che Guevara arranged an all-night meeting with White House aide Richard Goodwin—by using an Argentine diplomat as an intermediary to dare Goodwin to smoke a Cuban cigar. Che emphasized several salient points that would be repeated in almost all future negotiations and remain relevant today.
First, as Goodwin wrote in a secret memorandum of conversation to President Kennedy, Cuba was clearly interested in a dialogue that would lead to coexistence. "They would like a modus vivendi—at least an interim modus vivendi," Goodwin reported. Second, although Castro was willing to make a number of concessions toward that goal, the nature of Cuba's political system was nonnegotiable. "He said they could discuss no formula that would mean giving up the type of society to which they were dedicated." Finally, Guevara raised the issue of how the two countries would find "a practical formula" to advance toward an accommodation. He made a pragmatic suggestion—one that Cuba would invoke again and again in pressing for a diplomatic dialogue over the next 48 years: "He knew it was difficult to negotiate these things but we could open up some of these issues by beginning to discuss secondary issues … as a cover for more serious conversation."
To demonstrate just how serious the Cubans were, Che gave Goodwin an engraved mahogany box of premium Cuban cigars for Kennedy—a gift representing Cuba's first attempt, although not its last, at "cigar diplomacy" aimed at a U.S. president.
When Goodwin returned to Washington, he recommended seeking "some way of continuing the below ground dialogue which Che has begun." He even tasked the CIA to develop a "precise, covert procedure for continuing below ground dialogue with the Cuban government" to maintain secrecy around such politically sensitive talks. But the rest of the administration ignored Cuba's overture. "The emotion that had always surrounded the 'problem' of Cuba had, if anything, been heightened by our defeat at the Bay of Pigs," Goodwin later wrote. "To make a deal with Castro, any kind of deal, would have been politically difficult, perhaps impossible."
Yet, in early 1963, when U.S. intelligence picked up signals of a breach in Soviet-Cuban relations in the aftermath of the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, savvy administration officials saw an opportunity and an opening for an accommodation with Castro. The idea of using "the sweet approach" to advance the possibility of "quietly enticing Castro over to us" began to surface in Top Secret NSC memoranda. Alongside proposals for covert intervention and sabotage in Cuba, senior White House aides proposed exploring "the rapprochement track." Kennedy "clearly thought this was an exploration worth making," his NSC adviser, McGeorge Bundy, recalled in an interview with the authors. The key problem, Bundy said, was finding a politically "non-dangerous way" to pursue a dialogue. Starting in the spring of 1963, the Kennedy administration engaged Castro in a dialogue through three intermediaries. James Donovan was the first. A prominent New York lawyer and renowned international negotiator, Donovan was recruited by Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy to win the release of 1,113 Bay of Pigs brigade members who had been captured during the invasion debacle. In face-to-face talks with Castro between August and late December 1962, Donovan not only succeeded at obtaining the release and repatriation to the United States of the Cuban exiles, but thousands of their relatives as well. In Donovan, Castro found the first trusted—indeed respected—U.S. emissary. Believing that the prisoner negotiations had set the stage for a broader discussion about U.S.-Cuban relations, Castro broached the subject in mid-March 1963. "If any relations were to commence between the U.S. and Cuba," Fidel wanted to know, "how it would come about and what would be involved?" In his debriefing at the CIA—tape-recorded and later transcribed—Donovan reported his colorful response:
So I said to him, well, do you, are you familiar with porcupines, and this had to be translated … but they finally agreed that he did understand porcupines. So I said, now do you know how porcupines make love? And he said no. And I said well, the answer is "very carefully," and that is how you and the U.S. would have to get into this.
Castro's expressed interest in discussing peaceful coexistence set off the first high-level debate inside the U.S. government over how or even whether to respond. In a Top Secret—Eyes Only option paper to the White House, the State Department's Cuba specialist, Robert Hurwitch, suggested that Donovan be instructed to "take a week-long walk on the beach" with Castro and tell him that Cuba's ties to the Sino-Soviet bloc were nonnegotiable and would have to be broken. Surprisingly, President Kennedy overruled this approach as too restrictive. "The President does not agree," McGeorge Bundy wrote in a Top Secret memo. "We don't want to present Castro with a condition that he obviously cannot fulfill. We should start thinking along more flexible lines."
Talks with Castro continued through a second, unlikely intermediary: a striking blonde reporter from ABC News named Lisa Howard. During Donovan's last trip to Havana in April 1963, Howard begged him to undertake one final mission—to negotiate an interview with Castro for ABC. Howard scored an exclusive televised interview with the Cuban leader— his first with a U.S. network in four years. Castro used the interview to make the same point he made with Donovan. The prisoner negotiations could be "a beginning point for discussions, if the United States wants it, it is the beginning of better relations." The hour-long interview, broadcast on May 10, 1963, generated headlines around the nation such as "Castro would like to talk to Kennedy" and "Castro Makes Overt Hints He Wants Kennedy Parlay."
Behind the scenes, Lisa Howard committed herself to making negotiations happen. When she returned from Cuba, she briefed Deputy CIA Director Richard Helms on her private talks with Fidel. "Howard definitely wants to impress the U.S. government with two facts: Castro is ready to discuss rapprochement and she herself is ready to discuss it with him if asked to do so by the U.S. Government," Helms reported in a Top Secret memorandum of conversation to President Kennedy.
Howard also made contact with a fellow journalist-turned-diplomat, William Attwood, who was special adviser to U.N. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson. The two worked out a "cocktail diplomacy" scheme. Howard would hold a reception at her Central Park East townhouse and invite both Cuba's ambassador to the U.N., Carlos Lechuga, and Attwood to attend so they could discuss how to move negotiations forward. On September 23, amid drinks, finger foods and several dozen members of the New York literati, the first bilateral talks on the potential for a U.S.-Cuban accommodation took place. Lechuga hinted that Fidel was "indeed in the mood to talk," and "thought there was a good chance I might be invited to Cuba if I wished to talk to Castro," Attwood reported to the White House.
To sustain momentum for the diplomatic initiative, Howard transformed her home into a center of communications between Havana and Washington. She made, and received, a series of calls to Castro's office hoping to organize Attwood's trip. On October 31, Fidel's top aide, Rene Vallejo, called her and formally transmitted an invitation for Attwood to clandestinely travel to Cuba and meet with Castro alone.
Castro's concrete invitation set off a flurry of discussion inside the Oval Office. There, on November 5, Bundy briefed President Kennedy on Castro's proposal. The president's secret taping system captured his concern about how the secret mission would actually stay secret, but he expressed no opposition to the meeting itself. "How can Attwood get in and out of there very privately?" the president asked. Bundy and Kennedy then discussed the possibility of "sanitizing" Attwood—retiring him from his U.N. post for a month before undertaking the secret dialogue in Cuba.
On November 19 at 2 a.m., Attwood spoke to Vallejo himself from Lisa Howard's study. Before he could travel to Cuba, Attwood said, the Kennedy White House felt a preliminary meeting in New York "was essential to make sure there was something useful to talk about." Vallejo replied that Castro's office would send instructions to Lechuga on what "an agenda for a later meeting with Castro" would look like. When Attwood passed this information to Bundy later that day, he was told that when the agenda was received, "the President wanted to see me at the White House and decide what to say and whether to go [to Cuba] or what we should do next."
In the final days before his death, Kennedy used yet a third intermediary to send a message of potential détente to Castro. His emissary was the noted French journalist Jean Daniel, who, through Attwood, obtained a meeting with the president. Kennedy expressed some empathy for Castro's anti-Americanism, acknowledging that the United States had committed a number of sins in pre-revolutionary Cuba, including turning the island into "the whorehouse of the U.S." He told Daniel that the trade embargo could be lifted if Castro ended his support for leftist movements in the hemisphere, and that Daniel should return to Washington after seeing Castro and brief Kennedy. The U.S. president, Daniel thought, was "seeking a way out" of the poor state of relations with Cuba. "When I left him," Daniel recalled, "I had the impression I was a messenger of peace." Daniel transmitted Kennedy's message during a meeting with Castro in Havana on November 20. "He listened to me intently. He was drinking my words," Daniel would recall in an interview 40 years later. "Clearly he was happy about the message I was delivering. Sometimes he would say, 'Maybe he has changed. Maybe things are possible with this man.'" Two days later, their subsequent meeting was interrupted by a phone call informing Castro that Kennedy had been shot. He turned to Daniel and said, "This is the end of your mission of peace." Daniel recalled thinking that he was right: without Kennedy, there was no mission.
As Obama's foreign policy aides review the actions of his predecessors to engage Castro in a dialogue toward better relations, they will note the bipartisan nature of this history. Republican and Democratic presidents alike have talked with Castro. At the end of the Nixon administration and throughout the short presidency of Gerald Ford, the United States pursued a secret effort to negotiate normal relations.
This initiative began on April 24, 1974, at 2:32 p.m., with a phone call to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger from Frank Mankiewicz, a longtime Democratic Party operative and former press secretary for Robert Kennedy. "That trip I told you about is now on … to the Caribbean," as Kissinger's secret taping system recorded Mankiewicz's cryptic remarks. "I told you that I might be doing a television interview with…." Kissinger replied immediately: "Yes, yes, I know exactly—of course. Good. Then I want to see you…. I must see you before you do that." Six weeks later, when Mankiewicz traveled to Havana along with two other journalists, he carried with him a handwritten note from Kissinger to Castro. The secret communication stated that Kissinger was interested in initiating bilateral talks on mutual interests but that such a dialogue needed to be conducted discreetly, through intermediaries and unofficial meetings. Castro deemed the note "a very serious communication" and sent a message back with Mankiewicz, along with a box of premium Cuban cigars. (When a U.S. Customs guard attempted to confiscate the cigars, Mankiewicz issued a stern warning: "Son, this box of cigars is a personal gift for Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Are you sure you want to take them away?")
So began the first serious dialogue aimed at fundamentally changing the framework of U.S.-Cuban relations—a dialogue that holds significant lessons for the new Obama administration. As is the case today, in the mid-1970s the domestic and international controversy over the hostile nature of U.S.-Cuba policy was proving to be a greater headache for the executive branch than the regime in Cuba itself. In the U.S. Congress, there was a growing bipartisan consensus that the trade embargo should be lifted. In the Organization of American States, the Latin American nations were pushing to lift the ban on diplomatic and economic relations with Cuba that Washington had strong-armed them into approving in 1964.
Given these domestic and international pressures, a secret State Department review of Cuba policy, titled "Normalizing Relations with Cuba," recorded the clear advantage to moving toward better bilateral ties:
If there is benefit to us in an end to the state of "perpetual antagonism" it lies in getting Cuba off the domestic and inter-American agendas—in extracting the symbolism from an intrinsically trivial issue.… Our interest is in getting the Cuba issue behind us, not in prolonging it indefinitely.
Negotiations to change the hostile nature of U.S.-Cuban relations should take place as quickly as possible, the report concluded, before Congress and the OAS took away Washington's bargaining leverage. "We have a poor hand to play and should ask for a new deal before we lose our last chip."
It was in the context of these political realities that Kissinger initiated contact with Castro. He authorized his top deputy, Lawrence Eagleburger, and William D. Rogers, the assistant secretary of state for inter-American affairs, to undertake half a dozen furtive meetings with Castro's representatives in airport cafeterias, swanky New York hotels and personal homes. Kissinger made his negotiating philosophy clear: "It is better to deal straight with Castro," he told his aides. "Behave chivalrously; do it like a big guy, not like a shyster. Let him know: We are moving in a new direction; we'd like to synchronize…; steps will be unilateral; reciprocity is necessary."
At the first meeting, held in a public cafeteria at LaGuardia Airport on January 11, 1975, Kissinger's aides came well prepared. An aide-mémoire Eagleburger read to Cuba's U.N. ambassador, Ramón Sánchez-Parodi, and his deputy, Nestor Garcia, was explicit in the goals of the dialogue: "explore the possibilities for a more normal relationship between our two countries." Kissinger made clear the potential for a U.S.-Cuban détente:
The ideological differences between us are wide. But the fact that such talks will not bridge the ideological differences does not mean that they cannot be useful in addressing concrete interests which it is in the interest of both countries to resolve. The United States is able and willing to make progress on such issues even with socialist nations with whom we are in fundamental ideological disagreement, as the recent progress in our relations with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China has shown.
The United States set no preconditions for these talks. Unlike his predecessors, Kissinger did not demand that Cuba terminate its military ties with the Soviet Union, and unlike his successors, he did not make democratization or human rights a prerequisite or even a goal of settling the differences in U.S.-Cuban relations. Sánchez-Parodi, however, suggested that Cuba might have a precondition of its own—lifting the trade embargo. He promised to report back to his government.
To underscore Washington's commitment to negotiations, the State Department immediately undertook a series of diplomatic gestures. In mid-January, Assistant Secretary Rogers quietly arranged for the 25-mile travel restriction on Cuban diplomats to be expanded to 250 miles, so that Cuba's U.N. officials could travel to Washington for secret meetings in the future. The United States lifted prohibitions on American corporations making sales to Cuba through third-country subsidiaries. And Kissinger sent another secret message to Castro through Frank Mankiewicz alerting him that these measures reflected U.S. interests in continuing to explore more normal relations and suggesting another meeting. But Cuba did not respond to a request for another meeting until June, when U.S. officials again approached the Cuban delegation at the U.N. and requested a "further government-to-government exchange of views" before the OAS convened in San José, Costa Rica, in late July to vote to lift multilateral diplomatic and trade sanctions. At a meeting at Eagleburger's home in Washington, D.C., on June 30, the two sides planned a major secret negotiating session at the Pierre Hotel in New York.
On July 9, Eagleburger, Rogers, Sánchez-Parodi and Garcia quietly gathered in a private room at the Pierre for what, at that point, would be the most significant and serious negotiating session in U.S. relations with Castro's revolutionary government. According to a declassified transcript of the meeting, Assistant Secretary Rogers laid out the U.S. proposal for a series of steps by both countries culminating in normal relations. Washington was prepared to lift the embargo piece by piece if Cuba reciprocated by: releasing American citizens in Cuban jails; allowing family travel to and from the island; restricting military relations with the Soviet Union; committing to nonintervention in Latin America; settling U.S. property claims from seizures after the revolution; and tempering support for Puerto Rican independence movements.
But, with the exception of family travel, the Cubans were not willing to yield on any of these points. Sánchez-Parodi pointed out the irony of Washington demanding that Cuba commit itself to nonintervention in the region amid recent revelations of CIA covert intervention in Chile contributing to the September 11, 1973, overthrow of the democratically elected president, Salvador Allende. On Puerto Rico, he said, Cuba believed in the "need for independence and self-determination." Once again, he indicated that lifting the embargo was a precondition for Cuba to engage in serious negotiations. "We are willing to discuss issues related to easing the blockade but until the embargo is lifted, Cuba and the United States cannot deal with each other as equals and consequently cannot negotiate." The meeting ended rather abruptly with Eagleburger rushing to catch the Eastern Airlines shuttle back to D.C. The momentum for any progress in future talks came to a complete halt in September. First, Castro convened a special conference on Puerto Rican independence in Havana, casting the United States as a neocolonial imperialist power. Then, in November, Cuba deployed thousands of combat troops into Angola to support the MPLA government of Agostino Neto, who had requested assistance against CIA- and South African—backed rebels fighting to control Angola's post-colonial future. The Cuban deployment marked Castro's first major military foray into Africa and established Cuba as a leading player in the Third World. The audacity of a small island nation in the U.S. sphere of influence challenging U.S. geostrategic aims in Africa left Kissinger apoplectic. "I think we are going to have to smash Castro," he told President Ford according to a recently declassified memorandum of conversation. "We probably can't do it before the [1976] elections." For the final meeting with the Cubans held at Washington National Airport on January 12, 1976, Kissinger sent Assistant Secretary Rogers with a somewhat more diplomatic message: "Cuba's dispatch of combat troops to take part in an internal conflict between Africans in Angola is a fundamental obstacle to any far-reaching effort to resolve the basic issues between us at this time."
The major legacy of Kissinger's initiative was that it took place, thereby setting the stage for the next president. When Jimmy Carter won the November 1976 election, Frank Mankiewicz briefed his secretary of state designate, Cyrus Vance, on the secret dialogue during the Ford administration. The Carter administration came into office prepared to pick up where the Kissinger team had left off.
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|Minimum Educational Attainment:
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Or so he says.
"I don't see it as any different than us playing IU last year," the senior forward says. "I don't know any of the guys on the team now. It's not like I'll play against any of the guys I played with before.
"Even offensively and defensively they do some things differently than when I was there. A lot has changed since I've been there."
Martin also has changed. He's endured one redshirt season because of his transfer to Notre Dame, another one because of a torn knee ligament. He's in his sixth and, you assume, final college season, although coach Mike Brey has joked, "We'll miss him … unless he gets a seventh year."
No one expects that to happen. The 6-8 Martin is having a solid final year, averaging 8.9 points and 7.5 rebounds. His career averages are 9.6 points and 5.2 rebounds. But his contributions, Brey says, go beyond numbers.
"He has to be rock solid because he's our captain. His leadership has been fabulous. He really knows our system and program. He's done as much coaching as any of my assistants at times.
"He's the total package. He's a beautiful player to watch. His role is so important for us. He embraces it to help us win."
Embracing has been a roller-coaster journey.
As a freshman, Martin played in 32 of Purdue's 34 games, with eight starts. He averaged 8.5 points and 3.8 rebounds in 21.9 minutes as fellow freshman and longtime friend Rob Hummel surpassed him in impact and production.
Martin nearly left after the first semester, then did leave after the season.
It wasn't the warmest of departures. Painter has often said the reason most players leave any program, when you get past all the public excuses, is they don't like the coach.
Martin doesn't say that.
"No one is upset. It didn't work out. I don't think he (Painter) was too thrilled, but the way things happened, I don't think anyone is bitter about it."
Martin says he has good memories from Purdue.
"We had some good times and some big wins. I enjoyed my time there."
Notre Dame recruited Martin as part of a package with Hummel, his Valparaiso High School teammate. Brey said he wondered if he could have gotten Martin right out of high school if he had just recruited him.
"I'd have made him work for it either way," Martin jokes.
Adds Brey: "I'm glad we got a do over. He's a special guy."
Notre Dame enters Saturday's game on a roll. It has won six straight games since an overtime loss to St. Joseph's, including a 64-50 win over Kentucky. It has plenty of firepower from Jack Cooley (14.2 points, 11.3 rebounds, 60.8 percent shooting), Jerian Grant (12.9 points, 40.6 percent three-point shooting), Eric Atkins (10.9 points, 42.3 percent three-point shooting) and Garrick Sherman (10.1 points, 4.6 rebounds, 61.5 percent shooting).
Brey says Cooley "is the best rebounder in college basketball."
"He makes everyone understand and appreciate what he gives us, the physicality of what he deals with night in and night out."
Purdue's two-game losing streak and losing record doesn't fool Brey.
"They will really guard you, they will pressure the ball and they will physically defend you. It's what Matt has done with his teams every year. They rely on that. They really rebound.
"We might not be able to get into a beautiful offensive flow. If it's an ugly game, can we be mentally prepared to play like that.
"I want us to be able to defend. Guarding them is like guarding ourselves with their motion and movement and screening. They're still trying to figure out who starts and what their roles are, but we have to be prepared for them really guarding us."
Martin says the Irish are ready for the challenge.
"It will be a great atmosphere. Everyone will be a little amped up."
More Information
Up nextTipoff: Notre Dame vs. Purdue, 4:30 p.m. Saturday, Bankers Life Fieldhouse
Radio: 1380-AM
Online: For more on college athletics, follow Pete DiPrimio via Twitter at pdiprimio.


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A Confirmatory Trial of SK-PC-B70M in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
This study has been completed.
SK Chemicals Co.,Ltd.
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
SK Chemicals Co.,Ltd.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: November 23, 2010
Last updated: November 25, 2013
Last verified: November 2010
- Full Text View
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SK-PC-B70M in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
|Alzheimer's Disease
|Drug: SK-PC-B70M
|Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Resource links provided by NLM:
Genetics Home Reference related topics: Alzheimer disease
MedlinePlus related topics: Alzheimer's DiseaseU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by SK Chemicals Co.,Ltd.:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- ADAS-cog (Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale) [ Time Frame: 30 minutes ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- CIBIC-Plus (Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change-Plus caregiver input) [ Time Frame: 45 minutes ]
- MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) [ Time Frame: 10 minutes ]
- CDR-SB (Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Box) [ Time Frame: 20 minutes ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|May 2010
|Primary Completion Date:
|August 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Drug: SK-PC-B70M
for dosage
|Experimental: SK-PC-B70M 200mg bid
Drug: SK-PC-B70M
for dosage
|Experimental: SK-PC-B70M 300mg bid
Drug: SK-PC-B70M
for dosage
Drug: SK-PC-B70M
for dosage
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|55 Years to 85 Years (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease(DSM-IV and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria)
- MRI within the last 12 months consistent with a diagnosis of AD
- MMSE score of 10 to 26 and CDR of 1 or 2
- AChEI or memantine was not taken at least 3 months prior to screening
Exclusion Criteria:
- Other central nervous disease
- Hypothyroidism, Vitamin B12/ Folic acid deficiency, Hypercalcemia, Neurosyphilis, AIDS
- T.I.A or Major infarction within the last 12 months
- Any serious disorder that could limit the ability of the patient to participate in the study
- COPD or asthma
- Any condition which would make the patient or the caregiver, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01249196
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01249196
|Korea, Republic of
|SKChemicals invetigational site
|Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Sponsors and Collaborators
SK Chemicals Co.,Ltd.
More Information
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|SK Chemicals Co.,Ltd.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01249196 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|November 23, 2010
|Last Updated:
|November 25, 2013
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Alzheimer Disease
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurocognitive Disorders
Mental Disorders
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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Sku: TR1BRBL00035392121210049YG0000000


text:
Epidemiology, Infectivity and Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This study will evaluate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in blood donors who test positive for antibodies to this virus. Most HCV-infected people do not become ill and are not aware that they have hepatitis or have had it in the past. Some infected people recover completely, whereas others remain chronically infected. The study will try to define infectivity of anti-HCV positive individuals, routes of transmission of the virus, and the number of HCV-infected persons who have evidence of liver disease.
Blood donors at the NIH Clinical Center or the Central Maryland Chapter of the American Red Cross who test positive for HCV may be eligible for this study. Participants will have a physical examination and history, including questions about socioeconomic status and current sexual practices. They will have 100 milliliters (ml) (6 tablespoons) of blood drawn at the first visit and 50 ml (3 tablespoons) drawn 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the initial visit. Some participants may undergo plasmapheresis, a procedure for collecting additional plasma (the liquid portion of the blood). For this procedure, whole blood is collected through a needle placed in an arm vein. The blood circulates through a machine that separates it into its components. The plasma is then removed, and the red and white cells and platelets are returned to the body, either through the same needle used to draw the blood or through a second needle placed in the other arm. In some individuals, other body fluids (saliva, urine or semen) may also be collected.
Participants may be asked to bring their household contacts and sexual partners to NIH for interview and blood testing for evidence of HCV infection and liver disease. Although this is not required for participation in the study, it would provide additional valuable information.
Participants found to have chronic viral infection will be seen more often and will provide additional blood samples for routine medical care. Further medical evaluation may include X-rays or liver scans and referral to a specialist for additional tests or therapy.
Ten people in this study will be recruited to participate in a secondary investigation to analyze changes in the level of HCV and the immune response to it, and to relate these changes to the degree of liver damage. In addition to blood collected for the primary study, participants in this investigation will have an additional 50 ml (3 tablespoons) of blood drawn from an arm vein every week for 10 weeks to measure levels of virus, ALT (a liver enzyme), and immune response.
|Hepatitis C
|Study Type:
|Official Title:
|Epidemiology, Infectivity and Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in a Blood Donor Population
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|April 25, 1991
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Blood donors will be enrolled from among participants in the blood programs of the National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center/Department of Transfusion Medicine (NIH/CC/DTM) and the American Red Cross/Central Maryland Chapter/The Greater Chesapeake and Potomac Regional Blood Services (ARC).
Enrollment will be restricted to those who test positive in the anti-HCV screening assay.
To fulfill criteria for study entry, the donor must:
- be anti-HCV+ at the time of donation.
- be 18 years of age or older.
- be able/willing to travel to NIH for blood sampling 4 times in the first year of study and semi-annually thereafter and willing to have an annual history and physical examination.
- provide informed consent.
Donors who do not consent or who do not meet eligibility criteria will be excluded from the study with appropriate explanation.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00004850
|Contact: Cathy Schechterly
|(301) 496-4899
|Contact: Harvey J Alter, M.D.
|(301) 496-8393
|United States, Maryland
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike
|Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
|Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office (PRPL) 800-411-1222 ext TTY8664111010 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator:
|Harvey J Alter, M.D.
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
Additional Information:
|Responsible Party:
|National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00004850 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|March 2, 2000
|Last Updated:
|June 30, 2017
Keywords provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC):
Hepatitis C Virus
Blood Donors
Liver Biopsy
Natural History
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis C
Virus Diseases
Liver Diseases
Digestive System Diseases
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
Enterovirus Infections
Picornaviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Flaviviridae Infections
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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Complete Election coverage
For local stories and full election coverage: November 2013 Election
Not sure where to go to vote in Tuesday's Election? You're not alone.
Simply click here, or visit http://lavote.net/LOCATOR/, and enter your information in the designated fields.
Once done, information regarding your polling place, along with directions and a Sample Ballot will be provided by the Los Angeles County Registrar of Voters.


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Weekly Weather Summary: Despite scattered, locally heavy showers across the Midwest and Southeast, hot weather continued to have a detrimental impact on summer crops. The heat's effects were amplified in areas largely bypassed by showers, including a broad arc of farmland stretching from southern Iowa into western Ohio. Meanwhile, an already dire situation continued to worsen across the south-central U.S., where the combination of an historic 10-month drought and a relentless summer heat wave left little hope for rain-fed commodities and placed significant stress on livestock and irrigated crops. Farther west, an active monsoon circulation contributed to beneficial showers in the Four Corners States. Elsewhere, Southeastern showers helped to offset the effects of hot weather, especially in the central Gulf Coast region and parts of the southern Atlantic States, while Tropical Storm Don—which made landfall in Deep South Texas on July 29—was a tremendous disappointment with minimal rainfall.
The Midwest and Northeast: Patchy agricultural dryness (D0A) continued to develop from the Midwest into the Northeast, with some pockets of drought (D1A) beginning to appear. In many areas, persistent heat aggravated the effects of short-term dryness. For example, Detroit, Michigan, set a record for its hottest month (79.3°F; previously, 79.0°F in July 1921 and 1955). Meanwhile in Indiana, Ft. Wayne not only set a record for its hottest month, but also experienced a record-high number of 90-degree days in July (22; previously, 21 days in 1983).
In Pennsylvania, nearly one-third (31%) of the corn crop was rated in very poor to poor conditions at the end of July. Not far behind were Missouri (28% of the corn very poor to poor) and Indiana (21%). Pastures continued to "burn up," with more than half reported in very poor to poor condition on July 31 in Pennsylvania (58%) and Maryland (55%). Topsoil moisture was rated 85% very short to short in Maryland; end-of-July values in other states included 78% in Pennsylvania, 69% in Missouri, 66% in Delaware, 64% in New York, and 63% in Indiana.
Ironically, some areas received heavy rain. For example, daily-record totals in Michigan for July 27 reached 3.49 inches in Grand Rapids and 2.15 inches in Lansing. On July 28, Wisconsin locations such as Wisconsin Rapids (3.20 inches) and Green Bay (2.25 inches) tallied daily-record amounts. Dubuque, Iowa, was hammered by 10.62 inches of rain in a 24-hour period on July 27-28, establishing an all-time record. Previously, Dubuque's highest 24-hour rainfall had been 8.96 inches on August 21-22, 2002. Dubuque also experienced its wettest calendar day on record (7.47 inches on July 27), shattering its former mark of 6.28 inches set on July 1, 1961. In fact, Midwestern monthly rainfall totals were extraordinarily variable, with Dubuque (16.01 inches) experiencing its wettest month on record and Indianapolis, Indiana (0.47 inch), weathering its driest July.
The Southeast: Locally heavy showers kept drought intensification at bay in some areas and resulted in some additional drought relief in the central Gulf Coast region. In fact, New Orleans, Louisiana, received daily-record rainfall amounts on July 25 and 28 (2.34 and 3.52 inches, respectively), and ended the month with 13.00 inches of precipitation (210 percent of normal). However, even rain-affected locations had to deal with record-setting heat. In North Carolina, Wilmington (101°F on July 30) tied an annual record with its seventh day of triple-digit heat. Wilmington originally set its annual record of seven 100-degree readings in 1952.
By July 31, more than half (56%) of South Carolina's pastures were rated in very poor to poor condition. South Carolina also led the Southeast with topsoil moisture rated 77% very short to short. Nearly one-third (32%) of the cotton was rated very poor to poor by the end of July in Alabama and Georgia. Peanuts (30% very poor to poor) were struggling in Alabama. Nearly one-half (45%) of North Carolina's corn was rated very poor to poor.
The Central and Southern Plains and The Mid-South: Tropical Storm Don—which made landfall on July 29 between Brownsville and Corpus Christi—was a mighty disappointment for parched Texas. Scattered showers, totaling mostly less than an inch, were limited to Deep South Texas, as the storm literally disintegrated upon moving inland. Meanwhile, a record-shattering string of 100-degree readings continued into August across parts of the Lone Star State. Tyler, TX, posted a 36-day streak (and counting) of triple-digit heat from June 28 – August 2, nearly doubling its former mark of 20 days set from July 15 – August 3, 1998. Dallas-Ft. Worth registered highs of 100°F or higher on 32 consecutive days (and counting) from July 2 – August 2, second only to a 42-day stretch of triple-digit heat from June 23 – August 3, 1980. With an average temperature of 89.2°F, July 2011 was the hottest month on record in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, smashing its Dust Bowl-era record of 88.7°F set in August 1936. Childress, Texas (90.2°F), also demolished its long-standing "hottest month" record, previously set with 89.0°F in July 1934. Elsewhere in Texas, Wichita Falls (92.9°F) edged its July 1980 standard of 91.9°F. For the second consecutive month, Lubbock, TX, experienced its hottest month on record (85.9°F in June and 86.0°F in July; previously, 85.4°F in July 1966). Adding insult to injury was the ongoing historic drought. For example, Midland, Texas, completed another month without measurable precipitation (rainfall greater than a trace last fell on May 20). Midland also endured its driest 10-month period on record, with just 0.18 inch falling from October 2010 - July 2011. The previous record-low precipitation for any 10-month period in Midland was 2.60 inches from October 1950 - July 1951.
The coverage of Texas rangeland and pastures in very poor to poor conditions stood at 93% on July 31, according to USDA. The rangeland and pasture situation was nearly as bad in Oklahoma (86% very poor to poor), Arkansas (79%), and Kansas (57%). Oklahoma's row crops were in particularly bad shape, with USDA rating 88% of the cotton and 74% of the sorghum in very poor to poor condition. By month's end, topsoil moisture was reported to be 100% very short to short in Oklahoma, 97% in Texas, 89% in Arkansas, and 73% in Kansas.
The Southwest: An active monsoon circulation continued to generate scattered showers and thunderstorms across the Four Corners States. July ended wetter than normal at many Southwestern locations, including Douglas, Arizona (3.57 inches, or 114% of normal), and Grand Junction, Colorado (1.71 inches, or 259%). However, recovery in drought-affected areas was slow, with rangeland and pastures struggling to rebound. At the end of July, USDA rated 88% of New Mexico's rangeland and pastures in very poor to poor condition, along with 64% in Arizona.
Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and Alaska: Tropical Storm Emily formed southeast of Puerto Rico on August 1 but contributed to an overall wet pattern in early August across the Greater Antilles. Meanwhile, lackluster summer showers across Hawaii's Big Island led to expanded coverage of dryness (D0) and drought (D1 and D2). In particular, moderate drought (D1) coverage increased due to increased irrigation demands and deteriorating pasture conditions. Farther north, heavy precipitation fell across much of southeastern Alaska in late July, leading to a reduction in the coverage of abnormal dryness (D0). July 24-30 rainfall totaled 2.33 inches in Juneau, boosting its monthly sum to 3.51 inches (85 percent of normal). Nearly two-thirds (2.54 of 3.86 inches) of Yakutat's monthly rain fell from July 24-30.
Looking Ahead: During the next 5 days (from August 4-8), excessively hot conditions will persist across the south-central and southeastern U.S., while cooler air will overspread the Midwest. Little or no rain will fall in the Far West and the drought-devastated south-central U.S. However, most other areas—including the northern and central Plains, Midwest, and East—can expect 1 to 2 inches of rain, with locally higher amounts. Most forecast guidance suggests that Tropical Storm Emily will turn away before reaching the U.S. mainland, although a weekend landfall along the southern Atlantic Coast cannot be ruled out.
The CPC 6- to 10-day outlook for August 9-13 calls for below-normal temperatures along and near the Pacific Coast and from the Midwest into the Northeast, while hotter-than-normal weather will prevail from the Four Corners region into the Southeast. Meanwhile, below-normal rainfall in California and across the nation's southern tier will contrast with wetter-than-normal conditions from the northern Plains to New England, including the Midwest.
Author: Brad Rippey, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Dryness Categories
D0 ... Abnormally Dry ... used for areas showing dryness but not yet in drought, or for areas recovering from drought.
Drought Intensity Categories
D1 ... Moderate Drought
D2 ... Severe Drought
D3 ... Extreme Drought
D4 ... Exceptional Drought
Drought or Dryness Types
A ... Agricultural
H ... Hydrological


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Got2b CrazySleek Hot Smooth Flat Iron & Blow Dry Lotion Reviews
YuckThis product felt very watery when I sprayed it on to my hair, but it ended up weighing my hair down. It gave me very sticky and gross feeling hair. I did not like this product at all. I felt like it had nothing to offer my hair and I would never even think about using it again. I would not recommend that anyone use it. It did not straighten my hair and left it feeling much worse than before I used this shoddy product. — 4 years, 8 months agoLittleBunny | 545 reviews
Don't LikeI didn't like this product. Made my hair feel very heavy and lifeless. Some parts actually felt hard like dried gel. — 4 years, 9 months agoEricaC123 | 458 reviews
Greasy, anyone?I got this a Walgreens because it was two for five dollars! So I decided to try it. Why not? I gave one to my sister. I don't really like how it smells when it evaporates. After finishing styling, my hair looked greasy and limp, not very good. My sister's hair is way curlier than mine, and her hair looked gross after I used it on her. Will not buy again and will not recommend to anyone either. — 5 years, 7 months agoyestfl | 239 reviews
got2b sleek and smooth!the scent is very sweet and slightly reminiscient of st. joseph's children's aspirin! even though it comes in a spray bottle and the directions instruct you to spray it on your hair, the product itself is more like a gel than liquid so spraying directly onto your hair does NOT work. instead, i spray a couple squirts into my palm and rub it through the ends of my hair. after running a flat iron ...read morethrough, my hair manages to be smooth and shiny, without appearing as dry as it really is! not bad for a drugstore brand... — 8 years agojenstar313 | 101 reviews
Not for me.I LOVE the smell of this stuff. Its just not right for my hair. It's just a bit too heavy- I can usually get away with not washing my hair for 5 days (that's right, it's not gross, my hair and scalp are dry, especially in winter). — 6 years, 9 months agojenicide1 | 292 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 3 people said helpful
Yuck!This spray nozzle is a joke, at best, and if you use too much because you have to spray into your hands then apply to the hair, you use too much. The smell is not that great, either. I would not recommend this product to anyone and would suggest trying another brand. — 8 years, 2 months agoLlisa2 | 204 reviews
Great productThis stuff is amazing. The only thing that works to straigten my daughters curly hair. Can't find it in the stores now and am thoroughly disappointed. — 2 years, 8 months agorachel_stone_craven | 1 reviews
Yuck!I too hated this product. It left my hair weighed-down, and greasy/cakey feeling. Dissapointed since I like almost everything else in their product line-up. — 4 years, 7 months agolisa_buchkowski | 2 reviews
Love It!To me it seems like i'm the only one you really likes it. It gives me smooth straight hair and last the whole day! Plus I only got it for two dollars! — 5 years agoCupcake900 | 27 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 1 of 2 people said helpful
I love this stuff!I bought this stuff on sale for like $2, and I love it! I use it before and after I straighten my hair. I don't feel as if it's heavy at all. I would deffinitly recommend this to a friend! It really smooths my hair and keeps the frizz away for the day. And the bottle lasts forever!! — 5 years agoGabriiielllee | 1 reviews
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Score Entertainment combines the fun and skill of card games with collectible trading cards to produce unique Trading Card Games (TCG). We look for hot new Intellectual Properties (IP) that are popular and have longevity in the marketplace. Once the game comes to life, we sustain the most extensive and efficient aftermarket programs in the industry.


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The most versatile answer to portable storage for small parts
by mackie
on 7/7/2017
I ordered 5 of these. They are a good design but poorly constructed. Each of the 5 cases arrived damaged - small tab on back edge of lid broken off or bent. My opinion - spend a little extra and get the Stanley brand, also currently available right here at MCM.
by tjdercks
on 6/12/2017
I have ordered numerous of these. They stack well and easy to view contents. That said, I do not think I will order more. They tend to arrive with broken lids.
by mikemalcolm
on 1/10/2014
great product great price
by avcom1
on 7/10/2013
Typical. Put a cheap, very hard to remove paper label on the case instead of on the shrink wrap. I shouldn't have to do a ton of work to remove the product label. Oh...the case is good at a great price.
Thanks for the feedback! We have contacted our factory in regards to this issue. Future shipments will have either easy-to-remove labels, or a label on the outside of the protective shrink wrap. It's a great product, and don't want a label issue to spoil it.
by thegrendel
on 6/26/2013
This is a sturdy parts box that closes tightly. Very useful.
The only flaw in this box, and it's a significant one,
is the product label. The label is supposed to be of the
simple peel-off variety, but it takes a great deal of effort
to laboriously scrape it off. MCM, please do something
about this.
by billgr8
on 6/7/2013
These are well made and work perfectly for sorting foreign coins.
by startagl
on 3/27/2013
Oh man do I have a lot of little tiny parts. I have 5 of these and a few of the smaller bin ones. They are tough with a tight lid to keep all the bits in the right bins. Cant go wrong.
by bob217
on 7/8/2012
This case fits the bill for the shop or shed, well made and very usefull
by sandcbuilders
on 1/5/2012
This is the same case available in many stores, rebranded with several common names. Somehow, MCM always offers these at the lowest price around tho. Beware that the plastic case on these will shatter in cold weather. The hinges are particularly weak in cold weather. If the top is forced shut the hinges or latches will shatter. The removeable yellow trays inside are somewhat stronger than the outer case and can be used for a variety of things once the outer case has broken.
by kathyk
on 7/29/2011
small pieces are easy to locate, won't shift around
by jsettecase
on 4/1/2010
We have 3 of them that we turned into BNC, Pop-Rivet and Phone and Network Crimp 'Grab-n-Go' kits. The reconfigurable internal yellow bins make it easy to remove a few to create space for crimp and strip tools and the bins hold all the different connectors and pins. Plus, the bins lock into place once the lid is snapped shut so nothing spills inside. The plastic case seems strong enough to handle being bounced around in a work environment. The cases are also made to stack together. I highly recommend this product.
by als2663
on 2/2/2009
Great for carrying small parts. Case stays locked when dropped - parts don't shift into other bins. Movable bins makes for easy rearrangement if necessary, and easy small part retrieval.
Great product. Movable bins and parts don't shift - even when dropped. Stays locked
22-9894 - Plastic Rolling Workshop
A 32" portable, multipurpose workshop that allows plenty of organization for tools and parts. Three detachable sections6-3/4" deep toolbox includes parts tray and sawhorse groove Removable center drawers include separated trays for storing fasteners, driver bits, ...
22-9920 - Storage Case with Removable Trays
The most versatile answer to portable storage for small parts. Handy removable bins allow easy parts picking and clean up.
22-9922 - Storage Case with Removable Trays
24-14762 - 30' High Speed HDMI Cable with Ethernet
HDMI Cable with Ethernet
Take advantage of better looking movies, faster gaming and richer audio with the latest v1.4 high speed HDMI cables.Compatible with 3D and 4K display technologies, bi-directional A/V and data connectivity. It supports faster refresh rate...
Great place to order. Always fast shipping and service. Customer service is great. Thank you MCM for your dedication.


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Long time lurker here. Finally managed to get some semi-decent video material of me driving and would appreciate any pointers.
I'm stuck at the 350ft range, controlled drives are closer to 300ft. I can almost reach the 300ft mark with my GL Fuse too, so I figure there must be something wrong with my technique.
The place where I threw this shot did not have too much safe room to throw, so this is thrown with a putter. Otherwise in my drives everything stays the same, but I tend to use more of a fork grip with my putters and midranges whereas with drivers I use a three or four finger powergrip instead.
Any advise is greatly appreciated!


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Warning milk drinkers, you might want to start tightening those purse strings, the cost of milk is going up. Since January, the price of a gallon of milk has gone up a dollar in California - bringing the minimum retail price for a low-fat gallon of milk to $3.10. Similar pricing issues are being felt across the country and are said to be caused by several factors:
- High price in the corn-based feed the farmers provide to their cattle.
- Drought in Australia has challenged their highly exported dairy industry.
- Fewer supplies coming from Europe due to a cap on dairy subsidies.
- High demand in Asia and other nations with developing economies.
- Increased gas prices mean increased delivery costs.
Not worried because you don't drink milk? Think again. This pricing structure might end up effect your lattes, chocolates, and cheeses too.
In May, the Hershey Co. in Pennsylvania revised its 2007 earnings expectations, saying higher dairy input costs are "adversely impacting'' its outlook.
In Seattle, a spokeswoman for Starbucks Coffee Co. said that dairy represents from 5 percent to 10 percent of the company's costs, "and as such will put pressure on our cost structure in fiscal 2007.''
In San Francisco, Todd Parent, chief executive of Extreme Pizza ... said he expects to raise prices $1 per pizza in the near future -- a 3 to 5 percent price increase -- to cover costs.
Something tells me this might be a bad time to develop an ice cream sandwich habit...
Source: San Francisco Chronicle


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Don't miss out on a lower price on this hotel
Get an overview of this hotelRomantic hotel with free valet parking and restaurant
Popular property highlights
Situated in the mountains, this romantic hotel is within 3 mi (5 km) of Multiplaza Mall Escazu, Business Center Forum 1, and Momentum Lindora Shopping Center. Business Center Forum 2 is 3 mi (4.8 km) away.
Hotel Features
Along with a restaurant, this smoke-free hotel has an outdoor pool and a bar/lounge. Free WiFi in public areas and free valet parking are also provided. Additionally, a coffee shop/café, a sauna, and a rooftop terrace are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 23 rooms offer comforts like pillowtop beds and Egyptian cotton sheets, plus free WiFi and LCD TVs with cable channels. Other amenities available to guests include balconies, iPod docks, and minibars.
Guest Highlights
- Prime location
- Onsite restaurant
- Pool
- Helpful staff
- Clean guestrooms
Hotel Alta Las Palomas
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Alta Las Palomas features an outdoor pool and a sauna. Dining options at the hotel include a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary wireless Internet access.
Business-related amenities at this 3.5-star property consist of a 24-hour business center and meeting rooms. 2 meeting rooms are available. This eco-friendly hotel also offers a rooftop terrace, a library, and multilingual staff. Guests can use the health club at a partner property. For a surcharge, a roundtrip airport shuttle (available 24 hours) is offered to guests. Onsite self parking and valet parking are complimentary.
Hotel Alta Las Palomas is a smoke-free property.
- Outdoor pool
- Concierge services
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop or café
- Multilingual staff
- Total number of rooms - 23
- 24-hour front desk
- Number of floors - 5
- Elevator/lift
- Wedding services
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Pool umbrellas
- Library
- Meeting rooms 2
- Free valet parking
- Rooftop terrace
- Garden
- Porter/bellhop
- Luggage storage
- Pool sun loungers
- 24-hour business center
- Free self parking
- Sauna
- Smoke-free property
- Airport transportation (surcharge)
- Free WiFi
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking, Free valet parking
Room Amenities
- Premium bedding
- Room service (limited hours)
- Balcony
- Air conditioning
- Phone
- Free local calls
- Minibar
- Free bottled water
- Turndown service
- Designer toiletries
- Private bathroom
- Bathrobes
- Free toiletries
- In-room massage available
- Shower only
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Rainfall showerhead
- Cable TV service
- In-room safe
- Desk
- Daily housekeeping
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- iPod docking station
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Egyptian-cotton sheets
- Pillowtop mattress
- Free WiFi
Where to Eat
La Luz - This poolside fine-dining restaurant specializes in Mediterranean cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare. Guests can order drinks at the bar and enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting). Open daily.
Room service (during limited hours) is available.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an outdoor pool and a sauna.
Children under 16 years old are not allowed in the swimming pool or fitness facility without adult supervision.
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
Optional extras
- Airport shuttle fee: CRC 20000 per vehicle (one way)
Hotel Name
- Alta Escazu
- Alta Hotel
- Alta Hotel Escazu
- Hotel Alta
- Hotel Alta Las Palomas Escazu
- Hotel Alta Las Palomas
- Alta Las Palomas Escazu
- Alta Las Palomas
- Hotel Alta Las Palomas Costa Rica/Escazu
We should mention
This property offers transfers from the airport (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details 72 hours prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation. Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.


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Kim O'Hara wrote:As Buddhists, we are 'atheists' in the strict sense but not anti-religionists. In some ways, in fact, we have more in common with sincere mainstream Christians (and Moslems) than with the mass of people who don't think about religion between one Christmas and the next.
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence. Carl Sagan
Marcello Truzzi (September 6, 1935 – February 2, 2003) was a professor of sociology at New College of Florida and later at Eastern Michigan University, founding co-chairman of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), a founder of the Society for Scientific Exploration, and director for the Center for Scientific Anomalies Research.[1]
Truzzi was an investigator of various protosciences and pseudosciences and, as fellow CSICOP cofounder Paul Kurtz dubbed him, "the skeptic's skeptic." He is credited with originating the oft-used phrase "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof."
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[Note: this is a regular feature of GeneaBloggers which highlights new genealogy and family history-related blogs as well as those recently discovered by members of GeneaBloggers. Use the Suggest A Blog! link in the menu bar to pass along information on new blogs.]
There are four newly-discovered genealogy and family-history related blogs that we've located this week for a total of 992 genealogy blogs on our list! Remember to try and help out these new blogs by:
– using the Follow feature if the blog is hosted on Blogger
– adding them to your blog reader
– adding a comment on their blog saying "hi" and "welcome"
Here are this week's new listings:
FGS Voice
Blog type: Genealogy society blogs
Today marks the beginning of a new chapter in the life of the FGS Voice, the monthly newsletter of the Federation of Genealogical Societies. The newsletter, which is sent by e-mail to those who subscribe to it, is now joined by this blog, which will enable FGS to get news out to the genealogical community immediately without the need to wait for the monthly deadline.
Don't worry! The monthly newsletter will continue to be sent out as it has always been, and it will contain newsworthy items from this blog, as well as additional items such as the calendar of FGS member society events. When you submit content to FGS Voice, it will usually appear first on the blog, and then in the newsletter.
As with most blogs, you can "subscribe" to the FGS Voice news blog so that you'll easily know when it has updated content, without the need to visit the blog itself to see. To do this, click on the "Subscribe to this blog" icon on the right (you can subscribe to the entries or separately subscribe to the comments). This will give you the option to identify what tool you are using to keep track of your blogs. (I like to use the free Google Reader tool myself.)
Just like with the monthly newsletter, feedback about the blog will be appreciated! I hope you enjoy this new way of keeping up with what's new with the Federation of Genealogical Societies, with its member societies, and with important events that affect all of us in the genealogical community.
Blog type: Individual family history, Italian genealogy
Gentedimareitaliangenalogy.info is a one stop online research collection guide which will hopefully help you get started with researching your Italian Family History. Many of the resources listed here will also
aid you in other areas of your research.
We provide a list of resources, both on and offline, which deal with a variety of topics – all of course, genealogy related and whenever possible we will attempt to give our thoughts on how effective we find the resource to be . . .
Innes Genealogy
Blog type: Individual family history
William Innes was born on the 25 February 1822 at Craighead Croft located in Tomnavoulin by Tomintoul and what is now known as Glenlivet, Banff, Scotland. It was known then to be located in Inveravon, Banff, Scotland.
Nolichucky Roots
Blog type: Appalachian genealogy, Individual family history, Tennessee genealogy, Virginia genealogy
Welcome. I am researching families who settled along the Nolichucky River in East Tennessee, along the Rappahannock in Virginia, and eventually hope to research my European roots along the Rika River in Ukraine. Family names include McAdams, Hampton, Palmer and Meredith. This blog also examines 18th & 19th century Catholics in the Northern Neck of Virginia and Presbyterians and Baptists in East Tennessee.
© 2010, copyright Thomas MacEntee


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America has always been viewed as the land of opportunity, where hard work can result in financial success. While a new survey by Pew Research Center reveals that 60 percent of Americans still believe in that, the same percentage says the economic system is unfairly set up to favor the rich.
Only 38 percent of respondents believe being rich is the result of working harder than others, and half say people are poor because of circumstances beyond their control.
In addition, the growing gap between rich and poor, a topic recently debated and discussed by President Obama, Pope Francis and delegates at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, is not unnoticed by most Americans.
Nearly two-thirds, or 65 percent, of respondents believe the gap between the rich and everyone else has widened over the past 10 years. Bankrate examined data and found that, in fact, the income gap has been growing over the past 20 years. Read Bankrate's analysis of the widening income gap in the U.S.
How to reduce the income gap?
Overall, 54 percent of survey respondents say that the most effective way to reduce the income gap is to raise taxes on the wealthy and corporations and spend the money on programs for the poor. Thirty-five percent of respondents say lowering taxes on the wealthy is a more effective approach because it will encourage economic growth and investment.
The survey highlights the fact that while both Republicans and Democrats share the opinion that the income gap is growing, the difference between the two political parties is in how they believe it should be handled. Among Democrats, 90 percent think the government should do "a lot" or "some" to reduce the gap, while only 45 percent of Republicans think that.
The two parties also differ on the effect of government assistance on recipients. Among Democrats, 66 percent think poor people need government assistance in order to meet their basic needs so they can climb out of poverty. On the flip side, 65 percent of Republicans believe assistance programs result in recipients being too dependent on government aid.
Another hot political potato in the income gap discussions has been the debate over the minimum wage. As part of his plan to reduce income disparities, President Obama has championed an increase in the federal minimum wage. The survey shows most Americans agree with him, with 73 percent in favor of an increase from the current $7.25 an hour to $10.10 an hour.
Keep up with your wealth and mortgages and follow me on Twitter: @JudyMartel.
Get more news, money-saving tips and expert advice by signing up for a free Bankrate newsletter.


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A Small Manhattan Apartment With Surprising, Vibrant Colors
Conjuring a romantic past inside her no-frills Manhattan apartment, Kelly Giesen deployed architectural salvage, including windows and doors. A Plaza Hotel mantel adorns a faux fireplace below the flat-screen TV. Glamour radiates from the vintage chandelier and seating, a Plexi-Craft table, a metallic cowhide rug, and curtains in Sultan Suzanni linen by Martyn Lawrence Bullard Design.
A vintage Sputnik light fixture sits on the floor like a piece of sculpture. Oak floor from Exquisite Surfaces.
Behind the Scenes: Building the House in Kings of Summer


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No matter which Fez is shown to be covering the monkey it is immediately lifted and shown to be MONKEY FREE.
No matter which Fez is shown not to be covering the monkey it can immediately be lifted and shown to CONTAIN THE MONKEY during the presentation.
The monkey is shown to be here, there & everywhere during the performance.
Routined marvelously for adult as well as children's audiences including a climax ending that allows for all to be shown MONKEY FREE.
Compact carry for restaurant and trade show performances.
If there ever was a combined 3 Shell Game and Cups & Balls presentation loaded with ENTERTAINMENT in a novel effect this is it.
No reviews yet. Do you own this product? Write a review.


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Forester Safety Green Short 35" Apron Style Chainsaw Chaps
We will be closed from Thursday through Wednesday a dealer training seminar. We will be unable to receive calls or view orders during this time period. We will begin shipping product out Thursday 9/28/2017. If you have any questions feel free to email us at email@example.com and we will get back to you as soon as we have a chance. If you check out our Facebook page you can play along with our scavenger hunt while we are closed. Thanks and enjoy your weekend!


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LIVINGSTON — Livingston Parish's School Board and Sheriff's Office have agreed in principle to post four additional sheriff's deputies in the district's schools.
A cooperative endeavor agreement finalizing the deal is being drafted and will be brought to the School Board for final approval, Superintendent John Watson said Thursday.
The Sheriff's Office and School Board will split the costs of providing five sheriff's deputies — four new officers and one currently patrolling Watson schools — for the district, according to the board's unanimous vote Thursday.
The estimated annual cost per deputy is $80,000, Sheriff Jason Ard has said, making the total cost to the school district $200,000 per year.
The School Board's share will come from the district's general fund, the board decided.
The four new deputies will join three other school resource officers — commissioned law enforcement officers assigned to provide full-time security for a school or group of schools — currently patrolling schools in Denham Springs, Walker and Watson.
The Denham Springs and Walker officers are members of their respective police departments, provided at each department's expense, while the Watson officer is a sheriff's deputy currently paid for solely by the Sheriff's Office.
The four new deputies will all be senior law enforcement personnel, including a couple of Drug Abuse Resistance Education officers who already are familiar with the schools and principals, Ard said Thursday.
The deputies will begin working in the schools July 1, he said.
The School Board's Budget and Goals Committee on Tuesday recommended approval of the arrangement for one year, with reassessment of the program occurring after one semester and annually thereafter if continued.
Other business coming before the School Board included:
REAPPORTIONMENT: The U.S. Department of Justice has asked the School Board for additional information regarding what the population of each board member's district would have been if the boundaries had been left alone, rather than adjusted through redistricting after the 2010 census.
Board attorney Tom Jones received board approval to hire a consultant who can provide the electronic mapping tools necessary to answer the Justice Department's questions.


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Heather Nyberg-Schlotzhauer
Beacon Correspondent
The North Coast chapter of California Women in Timber has reached out to the local community to support education. 2012 brought over $14,500 in donations from CWIT to various organizations and education.
During 2012 CWIT donated $3,000 to the Forestry Institute for Teachers Program for the North Coast, $3,000 to the Redwood Region Logging Conference Education Day, $4,500 in Scholarships to Humboldt State University and College of the Redwoods, $3,000 to Talk About Trees presentations to elementary schools, and $1,000 for public education about legislative and industry items.
CWIT was able to support all of these programs due to their past annual dinner auction and shotgun raffle.
This year the CWIT annual dinner auction will be held on Friday, Nov. 2, at Baywood Gold & Country Club. They will again be raffling off a shotgun with the drawing being held at the annual dinner. This event will help support donations and scholarships for the 2013 year.
This year the shotgun raffle is for a 12-gauge Benelli Super Vinci Shotgun with Comfortech plus in Real Tree Max 4 Camo. It accepts 2 -3/4" to 3-1/2" shells and has a 28" barrel with three chokes and comes in a case.
Tickets are $5 each or 5 for $20 and you need not be present to win. Tickets for the raffle are available from any CWIT member, the night of the annual dinner, by calling Linda Herron at 668-4458 or Dorothy Bianchi at 839-3089.
For more information, to help support CWIT, or become a member visit www.cwit.us or write to P.O. Box 1844, Yreka, CA 96097.


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I seen this thought on another site that a fan threw out and actually sounds a bit interesting so here is what they said.. Nuggets get Dunleavy and Bynum. Lakers get Foster and Melo. We get Harrington and Artest.
I know a lot of us pacer fans have certain opinions about artest from the past. I actually left indy and live in socal now so get to see a lot of laker games when our pacers arent playing and he is defintely a diff player attitude wise then before..anyways let me hear some opinions.


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AMS offers webinars for produce industry
A series of Web seminars from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service is designed to help fresh produce companies better understand the regulations that pertain to growing, handling, shipping, distributing and selling their commodities.
The series is free and all sessions are archived on the AMS Fruit and Vegetable Program website after their initial presentation. For additional details, visit http://tinyurl.com/AMS-series on the Internet.
Upcoming seminar topics include: the Perishable Agriculture Commodities Act on April 25; marketing orders and agreements on July 18; and fresh produce market inspection basics on Aug. 16.
Arrowhead to trace spuds back to field
With the help of a $300,000 Value-Added Producer Grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Arrowhead Potato Co. plans to soon be able to trace each and every spud back to the specific field where it was grown.
Klade Williams, chief financial officer for the Rupert, Idaho-based potato packer/shipper, said anticipated traceability requirements from the federal government was one factor behind Arrowhead requesting the grant.
Williams and Arrowhead general manager Ron Jones both said they did not want to be in a position of having to catch up.
To "stay ahead of the curve," Williams wrote the grant request seeking money for new machinery, software and employee training.
The company has 48 full-time employees and ships potatoes for about 10 farms, including sister company Moss Produce.
BioSafe Systems offers food safety products
A new activated peroxide product from BioSafe Systems LLC is 99.9% effective against a variety of bacteriological pathogens and a safe alternative to chlorine-based products, according to the East Hartford, Conn.-based company.
Justin Crane, BioSafe post harvest/food safety brand manager, said SaniDate Sanitizing Wipes are compliant with National Organic Program standards for use in organic operations, and are available in bulk quantities for commercial customers.
The wipes are registered with the Environmental Protection Agency and designed to eliminate bacteria without leaving harmful residues. No rinsing is necessary after their use. They are designed for use on hard, non-porous surfaces such as those present in fresh-cut produce facilities and foodservice operations.
BioSafe also recently introduced OxiDate 2.0 bactericide/fungicide. The product is designed for spray and aerial application to crops. It contains an activated peroxygen formulation using a 2% peracetic acid in combination with stabilized hydrogen peroxide to combat fungal and bacterial pathogens.
OxiDate 2.0 is available in 2.5 gallon, 5 gallon, 30 gallon, 55 gallon and 275 gallon sizes.
The Food Institute updates recall manual
The fourth edition of Upper Saddle River, N.J.-based The Food Institute's Food Products Recall Manual is available and includes updated tips on how to remove a product from distribution channels and consumers' hands.
Food recalls in the last quarter of 2011 were up more than 50% compared to the fourth quarter of 2010, but that number represents all food recalls, including meat, dairy and other foods in addition to fresh produce, according to The Food Institute's website.
Regardless of the type of food involved, numerous legal and logistical issues arise during a recall, and the manual from The Food Institute includes step-by-step guidelines for any size business faced with issuing a recall. Tips include how to deal with the media and what government requirements companies must fulfill to avoid penalties.
The manual specifically addresses fresh produce recalls. It also includes samples of recall notices and news releases, as well as Food and Drug Administration guidelines and regulations.
For additional information call the institute at (201) 791-5570 or visit www.foodinstitute.com/recall.cfm.
IFT videos could help retailers, farmers markets
Two new videos produced by the Institute of Food Technologies, Chicago, could be used in retail and farmers market settings to help reduce illnesses related to foodborne pathogens.
Released March 8 in conjunction with National Agriculture Day, the videos were designed to help consumers be smarter shoppers. However, Stephanie Callahan, media relations specialist for IFT, said the videos could be used in stores and markets.
Retailers and operators of farmers markets who would like to use the videos should contact IFT at 312-604-0256.
"Food Safety in the Produce Aisle" discusses the importance of temperature control with fresh produce. It reminds consumers to look for refrigerated cases when buying produce and to store it in their home refrigerators at 40 degrees.
"Smart Tips for Shopping at Farmer's Markets" describes what to watch for when buying fresh produce in settings other than traditional supermarkets. It also reminds consumers that a claim of "locally grown" does not mean produce is any less likely to have dirt or pathogens, and stresses the importance of washing fresh fruits and vegetables.
PMA offers members FSMA updates, details
In anticipation of the Food and Drug Administration's produce safety rule, the Produce Marketing Association has taken steps to ensure its members have the most current information and the opportunity to discuss it with their peers.
The Newark, Del.-based association now has three methods to keep members informed:
- Sign up for automatic updates from PMA about the Food Safety Modernization Act at http://tinyurl.com/PMA-FSMAupdates;
- Visit the association's FSMA Resource Page at http://tinyurl.com/PMA-FSMAresources; and
- Post questions and participate in discussions on the PMA Xchange website at http://tinyurl.com/Xchange-PMA.
RedLine seeks small growers for test
Growers with smaller operations have the opportunity to help RedLine Solutions test a new traceability product designed specifically for them.
The Santa Clara, Calif.-based company plans to launch PTI Lite this spring, but an advance version is available for growers interested in helping make sure it is functioning at optimum levels.
Based on requirements of the Produce Traceability Initiative, the PTI Lite product is expected to cost less than $5,000 for the basic setup, which includes a bar code printer, cabling and software with a variety of templates for case and hybrid pallet labels.
The system also manages records required for traceability, but it is not an inventory tracking program.
Todd Baggett, chief executive officer for RedLine, said the main difference between PTI Lite and RedLine's traceability products for larger companies is that it is designed to run on one personal computer with a printer. It is for post-packaging labeling and designed for operations that pack up to 2,500 cases a day.
To apply to be an "early adopter," visit the company's website at www.redlinesolutions.com.
United Fresh, USDA offer inspection classes
The next session of the Washington, D.C.-based United Fresh Produce Association's produce inspection training program is set for May 21-25 at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's training center in Fredericksburg, Va. It also will be offered Sept. 10-14.
The program uses USDA instructors to provide hands-on training designed to help produce receivers, handlers, buyers, shippers and sellers understand the produce inspection process. A discount in registration fees is available for United Fresh members.
Class size is limited and registrations are on a first come, first served basis. Details are available at http://tinyurl.com/UF-training or by calling (202) 303-3405. Two separate classes are offered. Attendees can attend either or both classes.
"Fundamentals of Produce Inspection" is a two-day class focusing on inspection essentials, sampling procedures and general market principles. It is a prerequisite for the other class, "Commodity Labs."
The labs class is three days and applies the principles learned in the inspection class to the five most commonly requested commodities: grapes, lettuces, potatoes, strawberries and tomatoes. Up to seven additional commodities will be included based on the attendees' most common preferences.
University releases leafy greens research
The University of Georgia has completed a four-year research project on minimizing E. coli in leafy greens and has launched a website to share the findings.
The project — "A systems approach to minimize Escherichia coli O157:H7 food safety hazards associated with fresh and fresh-cut leafy greens" — involved numerous researchers and representatives from the fresh produce industry. It looked at leafy greens from farm to fork to find ways to retain the quality of leafy greens while ensuring food safety.
The new website, www.ugacfs.org/producesafety/Index.html, not only includes results of the four-year project, but it also provides food safety tips for growers, shippers and others in the supply chain. There is also a collection of tables that contain a compilation of peer-reviewed studies that address the safety of leafy greens.
The steering committee for the research project included several representatives from the supply chain, such as staff from: Earthbound Farm, San Juan Bautista, Calif.; Tanimura & Antle, Salinas, Calif.; Whole Foods Market Inc., Austin, Texas; and Wegmans Food Markets, Rochester, N.Y.
By staff writer Coral Beach


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Palo Alto Medical Foundation
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Marta C. Murawski, M.D.Palo Alto Medical Foundation
San Jose Blossom Hill Center
1071 Blossom Hill Road
San Jose, CA 95123
(408) 445-4020
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BlendEd is flexibility redefined
Why is Lakeland College's BlendEd program the ultimate in flexibility? Each week, you decide which format works best for you.
Here are five ways Lakeland College makes getting your degree a convenient posibility.
Attend your classes in person
If you like the traditional classroom setting, physically attending classes at their originating site is an attractive option of BlendEd.
Work online, on your time
Regardless of where you are or what time it is you can participate in a dynamic, interactive discussion with your instructor and other students.
Join us, from wherever you are!
Use your home computer, phone or tablet to follow along with the instructor's live presentation and participate in class.
Watch later, when it's convenient for you
Our lectures, classroom discussions and chat sessions are digitally video recorded and easily accessible at any time. You won't miss a thing.
Participate face-to-face at selected centers
Classes are streamed live to various Lakeland centers, giving you the opportunity to interact with the instructor and in-class students.
Interested? Find out more about the BlendEd program here or fill out the form and a Lakeland representative will contact you.


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Psychological Concomitants of Morquio Syndrome (The MAP Study) (MAP)
- Full Text View
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV, also known as MPS IV or Morquio disease, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic lysosomal storage disorder. Research thus far regarding lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) in general, including Morquio, has primarily focused on exploring the causes of and finding a treatment for the physical aspects of the various diseases. Less attention has been paid to the psychological or emotional toll of these diseases, whether they are direct symptoms of the diseases themselves or reactions to living with a chronic progressive disease.
It is well established in the health psychology literature, however, that the interaction between our physical health and our psychological health is bidirectional; that is, just as our physical health affects us emotionally (e.g. chronic pain can contribute to depression), so can our psychological health affect us physically (e.g. anxiety can contribute to feelings of chest pain). It is thus critically important to pay attention to the emotional and psychological symptoms associated with all lysosomal storage diseases, including Morquio, and expand our treatment standard of care to include mental health treatment, if necessary.
The first step in understanding and treating psychological conditions in Morquio disease is determining the natural occurrence of psychological symptoms in this population in comparison with non-medical populations. As little has been done in this regard, a pilot study documenting the occurrence rate of psychological issues and overall quality of life in patients with Morquio is the first item in order and will be the focus of this study.
Approximately 20 patients with Morquio disease will be invited to participate, recruited through Emory's Lysosomal Storage Disease Center, as well as through attendance at Morquio support groups and relevant regional, national and/or international meetings. Once consented, patients will be asked to complete three different self-report questionnaires, including the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) Adult Self-Report (ASR) or Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) questionnaire, the Short Form 36-item Health Questionnaire (SF-36), and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Group aggregate data only will be reported; individual questionnaire content and results will be held confidential, except as in accordance with Georgia law relating to reporting of child or elder abuse, suicidal and/or homicidal intent. Completion of these questionnaires will complete subjects' participation in this pilot study.
|Morquio Disease Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Case-Only
Time Perspective: Cross-Sectional
|Official Title:
|Psychological Concomitants of Morquio Syndrome
- ASEBA Self-Report [ Time Frame: At enrollment, as a single-timepoint only ]Self-report questionnaire assessing psychological and adaptive functioning well-being
- Brief Pain Inventory [ Time Frame: At enrollment, as a single-timepoint only ]Self-report measure of subjective pain levels and interference of pain in daily functioning
- SF-36 [ Time Frame: At enrollment, as a single-timepoint only ]Brief self-report measure of quality of life
|Study Start Date:
|July 2012
|Study Completion Date:
|October 2013
|Primary Completion Date:
|October 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Inclusion Criteria:
- Documented clinical diagnosis of MPS IV based on clinical signs and symptoms of MPS IV and documented reduced fibroblast or leukocyte GALNS enzyme activity or genetic testing confirming diagnosis of MPS IV.
- Patient is at least 18 years old.
- Patient is not currently receiving enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IV.
- Patient must provide written, informed consent prior to study participation.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Previous treatment with ERT
- Previous hematopoietic stem-cell transplant
- Patient has a clinically significant disease (with the exception of symptoms of Morquio), including clinically significant immunologic, pulmonary, neurologic, or renal disease, or other medical condition, serious intercurrent illness, or extenuating circumstances that, in the opinion of the investigator, would confound the effects of Morquio upon study variables
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01752296
|United States, Georgia
|Emory University
|Decatur, Georgia, United States, 30033
|Principal Investigator:
|Nadia Ali, Ph.D.
|Emory University
|Responsible Party:
|Nadia Ali, PhD, Health Psychologist / Instructor, Emory University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01752296 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
BioMarin-1 ( Other Identifier: Other )
|Study First Received:
|December 13, 2012
|Last Updated:
|December 2, 2013
Keywords provided by Nadia Ali, PhD, Emory University:
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
Psychological health
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Mucopolysaccharidosis IV
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Genetic Diseases, Inborn
Lysosomal Storage Diseases
Connective Tissue Diseases
Metabolic Diseases
Bone Diseases, Developmental
Bone Diseases
Musculoskeletal Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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The Open Science workshop at the Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing was held on Monday 5th January 2009 on Big Island, Hawaii. The workshop was organised by Cameron Neylon and Shirley Wu, and is part of a series of open science workshops being organised across a variety of events in different communities. The workshop materials are available (the links in this summary are to slideshare).
Cameron introduced the workshop with some excellent slides. He didn't dwell on the definition of Open Science lest this became an obstacle (he sums it up informally as "more stuff, more available, more quickly", and being about "Open Access, Open Data and Open Process"). Cameron doesn't insist on what one might call "extreme open science", but simply observes that more open means better research (eg sharing within labs, sharing across labs) and that those with the the privilege of conducting publicly funded research have a duty to make it publicly accessible.
The keynote talk was by Phil Bourne of PLoS, on Open Science: one Person's view and what we are doing about it, which set the scene in terms of open access and linking data to publications (Phil had some disturbing figures about the decay of suplemental materials). I presented The myExperiment approach to Open Science, emphasising sharing of process and method as exemplified by workflows and the principle of journeying with the users. Chang Feng Quo's talk on Community annotation in translational bioinformatics: lessons from Wikipedia considered why the wikipedia approach sits differently in the science context. Nigam Shah from NCBO presented How bio-ontologies enable Open Science including the Open-Biomedical Annotator Web Service. In her talk on Measuring the adoption of Open Science Data, Heather Piwowar provided results of a study into data sharing which gives a really useful evidence base, and pointed out the need to find ways of measuring the adoption of open science (we need quantitative data to convince anyone of anything!) It always helps to have a critical friend in the room and this role was filled excellently by Steven Brenner in his talk Challenges for Open Science (thoughts from a skeptical supporter). Online you will also find Kaitlin Thaney's slides (Science Commons) on Laying out the principles of Open Science.
The panel discussion involved the presenters (with Carole Goble in the myExperiment seat this time) and a contribution from Drew Endy (now at Stanford, previously at MIT where OpenWetWare began as the Wiki for his lab). Discussion included "build and they won't come", with Carole explaining myExperiment's solution of working closely with users, the use of user advocates and a willingness to pay experts to bootstrap content. There was also a discussion of persistence and sustainability, with OpenWetWare as an example, and on the need somehow to cite tools. At the end Cameron asked what is needed to go forward – success stories to convince people of the approach was one of the answers (celebration of success and reflection on failure!)
It was a great workshop – the talks were useful and insightful (not commenting on my own of course!) and showed an appreciation of the social and cultural context, not just technical. Thanks to Cameron and Shirley for organising it, and I recommend that people take a look and build on the success of this event to take open science forward.
Tags: myExperiment, Open Science, OpenWetWare
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