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'''Yocto Project Public Messages and FAQ'''
'''Yocto Project Public Messages and FAQ'''
, April 2011
Revision as of 13:09, 13 April 2011
Yocto Project Public Messages and FAQ
13, April 2011
Q: What is the Yocto Project?
A: The Yocto Project provides open source, high-quality infrastructure and tools to help developers create their own custom Linux distributions for any hardware architecture and across multiple market segments. The Yocto Project is intended to provide a helpful starting point for developers. The Linux Foundation welcomes the participation of embedded vendors, developers, and other open source projects.
Q: What does the Linux Foundation hope to achieve with the Yocto Project?
A: This year's annual survey of embedded developers conducted by Embedded Market Forecasters reported that the two primary factors contributing to embedded developers' choice of Operating Systems (OS) in their designs are cost (44.6%) and the availability of source code (33.1%). These factors have contributed to the explosion of demand for Linux in embedded devices. Until now, embedded vendors and their partners relied on deep customization, requiring developers to wrestle with rapidly changing software and difficult build and maintenance cycles. The Linux Foundation recognized that an opportunity existed for a collaboratively developed, open source project that would build high-quality tools for the embedded Linux ecosystem.
Q: How will the Yocto Project help Linux reach a wider embedded audience?
A: This collaboratively developed, open source build system focused on the embedded segment will speed embedded vendors' time to market by establishing a shared build infrastructure. This will enable Linux across the widest possible spectrum of devices, projects, and platforms. The Yocto Project has a great start on the code required to solve these problems.
Q: Isn't the Yocto Project just yet another Linux distribution?
A: No. The Yocto Project is a build system and tools that enables developers to construct their own custom distributions, targeted for specific embedded devices. It is not, itself, a complete Linux distribution. Rather, it is capable of outputting an image for a particular embedded device without dictating the composition of the Linux distribution actually built or the hardware architecture used.
Q: What benefits does the Yocto Project provide embedded developers and how is the Yocto Project superior to existing, similar tools?
A: Unlike build systems based on shell scripts or makefiles, the Yocto Project automates the fetching of sources from a variety of upstream sources or from local project repositories. Updating to a new version of a package is often as easy as renaming a recipe file. It has a powerful customization architecture that allows the choice of a wide variety of footprint sizes as well as control over the choice or absence of components such as graphics subsystems, visualization middleware, and services.
A complete set of Linux package versions is specified in the metadata for the project; these versions are known to work correctly together. A robust effort within the project is dedicated to keeping this selection of packages fresh and up-to-date. Unlike other systems, however, only a single version of each package is typically provided with the project at any given time. This ensures that the packages are known to work well together, while providing the freedom to replace them at any time as the needs of a given embedded project mature.
The Yocto Project is package-format agnostic; it supports both major Linux packaging systems (.rpm and .deb), as well as the embedded-friendly ipkg format. The Yocto Project is also architecturally agnostic, supporting all major embedded architectures (ARM, 32- and 64-bit x86, PowerPC, and MIPS).
The Yocto Project inherits the core build tool (bitbake) and metadata syntax from OpenEmbedded, which is currently the most popular embedded development tool. This commonality will provide automatic familiarity for developers already using OpenEmbedded. However, the learning curve for getting started with the Yocto Project and Poky is shallower. It is easier for new users to create a working distribution with the Yocto Project.
When a distribution is created with the Yocto Project, the build tool creates an application development SDK tailored to that distribution. This SDK can plug into the Eclipse and Anjuta IDEs, or it may be run as a command-line development system, complete with cross tools for the host and development tools for the device being developed.
Q: How does the existing embedded workflow compare to the Yocto Project and where can embedded developers save time?
A: Existing embedded developers have many systems from which to choose. Once a system is chosen and a device's OS has been created, it can often be very difficult and time consuming to trim the distribution to an appropriate footprint size and assemble a working set of components. Then, for the developer's next project, if updated components are needed, perhaps for bug fixes, security fixes, or new hardware support, the developer typically must start over, with little ability to re-use prior work on distributions. The Yocto Project solves these problems by providing a single focus for embedded development, requiring less time to get a working and up-to-date distribution together. In addition, if commercial support is desired, it is quite simple to transition to a supporting OSV who offers products and services compatible with the Yocto Project.
Q: Will the Yocto Project have a special governance model, or will it be managed as an open source project?
A: The Yocto Project will be governed as an open source project working group under the auspices of the Linux Foundation. There will be a Steering Group consisting of representatives from the major sponsoring organizations. This group will make decisions by majority vote, but the vast majority of decisions will be delegated to Maintainers; the Maintainers will only use the Steering Group to break deadlocks or to make final decisions about roadmaps. In addition, there will be Interest Groups who drive project feature requirements and an architect who will coordinate the work of the Maintainers and set project direction under the guidance of the Steering Group.
Q: Why not just call this project Poky? What has changed between Poky and the Yocto Project?
A: The Yocto Project is an umbrella project, similar to freedesktop.org. Accordingly, it includes a number of projects and resources specifically intended for facilitating development with Linux on embedded devices, and it is an appropriate place for larger organizations to collaborate on the development of build infrastructure for embedded Linux. Poky is indeed the largest part of the Yocto Project, and Poky will continue as an independent, open source project developing the build system used by the Yocto Project, as well as by other open source projects.
Q: Who defines the root filesystem and metadata?
A: Metadata represents the versions of the various components in a distribution, such as the particular versions of the Linux kernel or libraries. The project supplies an example set of metadata that can generate several example distributions. The actual metadata used for the construction of a custom distribution may be supplied by a commercial vendor or created by an embedded developer. The root filesystem is defined in the metadata for a given build of a distribution.
Q: What are the criteria for baseline metadata?
A: The project has selected several major embedded architectures (32- and 64-bit x86, ARM, MIPS, and PowerPC) and footprint sizes (minimal, sato, lsb). Metadata has been created that generates a working build for these architectures and footprints while providing up-to-date and modern versions of the various open source components. We also supply metadata for a number of other components ("world"), which can be pulled into a custom distribution.
Q: What tool sets are included in the Yocto Project? When will they be available?
A: The development tool chain is based on GCC. However, if a project contributor wished to add metadata that uses another tool chain, the project would be happy to consider it.
Q: What about graphics drivers? Will they be validated and integrated?
A: Yes.
Q: How will graphics IP in GPL drivers be handled?
A: The BSPs supplied in the open source project will generally be focused on open source code.
Q: Where do BSPs come from? Who creates them? What if they need to include proprietary information?
A: A small set of example BSPs will be created and maintained for our supported architectures. Commercial Linux vendors, OSVs, silicon suppliers, and board vendors may supply their own BSPs. Proprietary information can be delivered in a BSP, and its distribution will be handled by the supplier.
Q: Are there tools that allow the removal of a package from the build?
A: Yes. The recipe for a given distribution can be modified to remove a package. An end developer may remove a package from the specified path in the build process. This allows for a completely customized Linux distribution.
Q: How can one view the dependencies of packages and the resulting growth in code size as packages are added?
A: There are tools within Bitbake which allow this.
"bitbake -g targetname" will create depends.dot and task-depends.dot files in the current directory. They show which packages and tasks depend on which other packages and tasks and are useful for debugging purposes. "bitbake -g -u depexp targetname" will show results in a more human-readable, GUI style. A simple mount of the resulting root image will show how much storage space is being used.
Q: What is the path for upgrading just drivers, or for upgrading drivers and related updates to the kernel?
A: For a given 6-month release of the Yocto Project, the version of the kernel will be frozen 6 weeks before release.
Q: How often is the kernel updated? How will we know what version of the kernel will be used in any particular Yocto Project release?
A: Given the release cycle for the kernel, every 6-month release of the Yocto Project will usually have a new kernel. Specific announcements will be made on the Yocto Project mailing list and blogs.
Q: Is the kernel included in the Yocto Project?
A: Metadata referring to a particular kernel version is provided in Yocto Project releases. Of course, patches to the kernel (as with any of the source code in the project) can be applied by the developer. The Yocto Project's kernel patching system is based on "git" and looks for patches in a git branch.
Q: What are some possible debugging targets?
A: QEMU is the target for emulation. Several actual hardware targets will also be supported, as well as software emulators for various hardware models as provided by silicon vendors.
Q: What is the overall support plan for the Yocto Project?
A: Security patches and critical bug fixes will be supplied one release back. No tool chain or kernel changes will be allowed for these updates. Support for longer periods of time can be supplied by commercial OSVs.
Q: What is meant by automated test capability?
A: The Yocto Project will include a standard framework for testing on target devices. This will allow many existing tests to be reused across projects, reducing rework.
Q: If a customer wants a commercial distribution of the Yocto Project, are there potential candidates for productization and commercial distribution?
A: Yes, the Yocto Project is currently in discussion with several commercial OSVs.
Q: For which software development boards will Yocto Project v0.9 be validated?
A: ARM Beagleboard, Intel Atom Black Sand, PowerPC - fsl-mpc8315e-rdb, and MIPS - Ubiquity Networks Router Station Pro
Q: Is user interface development possible with the Yocto Project?
A: User Interface development is supported with the Yocto Project. The distribution resulting from a Yocto Project build is just like any other Linux distribution. Developers may build graphical interfaces using frameworks like QT, Clutter, or GTK+, all of which are included.
Q: Will the Yocto Project be a project or a product? How much customer effort is required to productize the Yocto Project?
A: The Yocto Project is an open source project with support provided by the open source community. Products can be created by OSVs who use the Yocto Project as their upstream or by customers who create their own "roll your own" Linux products from the Yocto Project.
Q: Who may I contact for further questions regarding the Yocto Project?
A: For any additional questions, please contact Jennifer Cloer of the Linux Foundation at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Q: I am trying to build Yocto version 1.0, Bernaerd, on my Ubuntu 11.04 system, and it fails on building perl-native_5.12.2 and libx11
A: you need to add two patches, one for perl and one for x11. the x11 patch is here:
the perl patch is here:
download them and apply them in the poky-bernard-5.0 directory
cat <patchname> | patch -p1


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Fat Burners
Thermogenic fat burners are formulas that include a blend of ingredients that stimulate the metabolism to burn more fat and calories.
Caffeine stimulates metabolism and mobilizes body fat for use as energy. It can also enhance the effects of other fat-burning compounds like green tea and citrus aurantium. Many people rely on caffeine to increase exercise intensity and duration.
Green Tea Extract
Green tea extract contains a catechin called epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which may slow carb absorption and increase fat burning by improving the function of insulin. When combined with caffeine, EGCG was shown to elevate metabolism beyond that of caffeine alone. One study showed 7.7 pounds of weight loss after 12 weeks.
Citrus Aurantium / Synephrine
Also known as bitter orange, this substance contains several alkaloids that stimulate the body's beta-3 receptors to boost metabolism and increase fat burning. It also promotes the release of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine, which enhances mental energy and focus.
Yerba Maté
Like green tea, this ingredient contains polyphenols and catechins, which may increase energy expenditure and aid in the loss of body fat by stimulating the body to use fat for energy.
Stimulant-free products also work well, and many people use them in conjunction with fat burners.
CLA is a special conjugated omega-6 fatty acid that has been proven to reduce body fat and preserve lean body mass. It's also been shown to speed up the body's fat metabolism and help metabolize existing fat deposits as well as increase the proportion of lean muscle to fat in the body.
Decaffeinated Green Tea
Get the same benefits as green tea extract, including EGCG, but without the caffeine. Taking 135 mg of EGCG twice daily is an effective dose.
Green Coffee Bean Extract
The beans (or seeds) found in the berries of coffee trees contain high levels of chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid works in two ways. First, it reduces the absorption of blood sugar (glucose) by the intestine. Then it inhibits an enzyme in the liver so that less glucose is released into the bloodstream. With less glucose available, the body burns more fat stored in adipose tissues as a source of energy rather than glucose. Clinical studies showed those taking green coffee extract for 60 days experienced 5.7% weight loss and 4% lean mass to fat mass ratio increase.
Raspberry Ketones
Raspberries contain many bioactive constituents beneficial for health. Raspberry ketone, the primary aroma compound of red raspberries, regulates adiponectin -- a protein used by the body to regulate metabolism. There have not been any human studies yet, but according to animal studies, raspberry ketone causes the fat within cells to break up more effectively, helping burn fat faster. A typical dose is 100 mg per day.
Satiereal® Saffron Extract
Satiereal® is a patent-pending satiety ingredient derived from the flowers of saffron, which is cultivated throughout the Mediterranean region. This extract is clinically proven to improve levels of serotonin, one of the body's most important neurotransmitters. Higher serotonin levels can help increase satiety while decreasing appetite. A typical dose is about 150-200 mg per day.
This botanical has been used in Ayurvedic medicine to help treat stress-related health conditions. In one study, participants taking ashwagandha experienced a 69% decrease in overall measure of stress plus a 24% reduction in a stress hormone, the same one produced during exercise. This helps inhibit stress-induced over-eating and carb cravings.
This trace mineral is a key factor for regulating metabolism of nutrients, such as glucose. By supporting healthy glucose levels, chromium may help reduce carb cravings.
This is a non-hormonal metabolite of DHEA. It has been patented for its ability to promote thermogenesis as well as for the maintenance of healthy body weight.
Curb Appetite
These ingredients are designed to help you feel more full with less food, satisfying your appetite, thereby reducing your calorie intake.
Glucomannan Fiber
Produced from konjac root, this fiber absorbs large amounts of water and dietary fats. This creates a comfortable sense of fullness, suppressing your appetite and reducing caloric intake. One study showed subjects taking 1g one hour before meals lost 5.5 pounds over 8 weeks.
Hoodia Gordonii
Hoodia, a South African plant extract, works by tricking the brain into thinking you're full, even when you're not, by mimicking an increase in blood glucose. To prevent overeating, take hoodia before meals while you're still hungry.
Carb & Fat Inhibitors
You can still occasionally enjoy foods like pizza and ice cream while dieting. How? Take white kidney bean extract and/or chitosan to inhibit your body's absorption of calories from high carb and high fat foods.
Cissus Quadrangularis
This medicinal plant is native to India and West Africa, where it has been used for traditional Ayurvedic purposes. It helps reduce the absorption of dietary starch and fat by blocking digestive enzymes that break them down. It may also help control emotional eating by raising serotonin levels. In one 6-week study, participants taking cissus quadrangularis lost 10.6 pounds and reduced fasting bloos sugar levels 15%. The clinically efficacious dose is 150 mg twice daily.
White Kidney Bean Extract
Also known as Phaseolamin or Phase 2, white kidney bean extract acts as a starch neutralizer. It slows the breakdown of starches and carbs by inhibiting the amylase enzyme. Studies show 66-79% less starch absorption versus a placebo.
This shell fish-based fiber binds with fat from your favorite foods, reducing calorie absorption. One study showed 5 pounds of weight loss difference than placebo over 8 weeks.
Many people achieve weight loss success by slightly reducing calorie intake and following a low carb or low glycemic diet plan. Adding supplements may help you burn fat faster, curb appetite and avoid cravings. Be consistent with your diet and exercise plan. Before you know it, you'll be looking and feeling better than ever!

subset: commoncrawl


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Last night at Westway NYC, Supreme held a Fashion's Night Out party with a "surprise" performance from Oscar-winning hip-hop group Three 6 Mafia. The likes of Pharrell Williams and Aziz Ansari were spotted amongst the packed crowd of downtown regulars and Supreme team family such as Vashtie and Aaron Bondaroff.
See a photo recap in the images above and head to Rad Collector for more.
Photos: Erin Baiano for The New York Times & Jesse Lirola for The Cut
- Source: The New York Times
- Photography: Jesse Lirola/BFAnyc.com


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IN the past four weeks, we have taken a dive into the archives to get a glimpse of how the Royal May Day was celebrated 100 years ago.
This week we see the final instalment of Eric Barlow's Guardian article from May 1 1914. Written in the build-up to May Day celebrations, 'The Jubilee Year: Brief Retrospect' gave readers an in-depth account of pageantry origins and development and explained how the town festival won the royal stamp of approval.
The procession of 1881 (the first I ever saw) was much simpler in character and surrounding, nor was it by any means as long as it is now. Also, there were not so many brilliant costumes as now. But still the more important features were all there, whilst some new additions have been made from time to time, and some of these additions have been withdrawn. Thus, what to most people's mind are the chief characters were there in the far-off years. These are the Beefeaters (in their dress of the Yeomen of the Tower of London), Robin Hood, and his band of green, the Royal Footguards and a party of lively "bluejackets." There were, I think, no lorries, carrying those interesting groups of children which form tableaux of the "nursery rhymes".
The dances in the early eighties were quite as well performed as nowadays, though there was not such a variety as in the last few years. Mr Smith, of Sale, a well-known dancing master, trained the young folk perfectly, the reels, jigs and hornpipes were beyond praise. One year a small boy, as sailor, danced a hornpipe in the most perfect fashion it is possible to imagine, and though the crowds applauded continually, the agile youngster kept on dancing for over 10 minutes.
The Queen's throne has been much improved in the middle eighties. There was in those days no projecting canopy over her head till about the year 1883. The writer can well remember the treacherous weather, which more than marred the May Day festival, nearly spoiling the coronation. At that moment a heavy downfall of hail occurred, and the ladies in attendance rushed to the throne and covered the Queen-elect with their umbrellas. The writer humbly suggested to the committee the utility of a projecting canopy overhead, which would not only add to the dignity of the throne – there was only a floral screen behind the chair – but if a sudden storm came the curtain could be utilised to protect the Queen.
In the year 1887, as the Prince of Wales and the Princess Alexandra were residing in the neighbouring mansion of Lord Egerton, they went in state to Manchester to open the great exhibition in honour of Queen Victoria. The Queen and her court etc were all drawn up to receive the Royal party. The present Queen Mother accepted a bouquet from the May Queen. At the same moment permission was asked and graciously granted to add the word "Royal" to the Knutsford May Festival.
Another slight change was made two years ago, when the writer had the pleasure and honour of being allowed to present to the committee a new sceptre, which was specially designed from the pattern used immemorially by our English Sovereign at their own coronation. It was accepted as more suitable than the one in use for the past 48 years.
Next week, we jump to May 5 1914 for the on-the-day Jubilee Royal May Day coverage from the Guardian's roving reporter.
- Thanks goes to volunteer Mary Gracie for meticulously transcribing the original articles.


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About Professor André Pineau
The winner of the 2013 Acta Materialia Gold Medal is André Pineau, currently Emeritus Professor at the Ecole des Mines de Paris's Centre des Matériaux. André Pineau received an Engineering/Metallurgy degree from the Ecole des Mines de Nancy in 1965, and a PhD degree in Physical Sciences from the University of Nancy in 1969. He joined the Ecole des Mines de Paris in 1965, where he largely contributed to the creation of the Ecole des Mines's Centre des Matériaux. This Centre has become one of the largest of its kind in Europe specialized in the field of physics and mechanics of materials with about 200 people, including 90 PhD students. He was promoted to Professor in 1978 and was Head of the Ecole des Mines's Materials Science and Engineering Undergraduate Department from 1979 to 2006. He was responsible for the Centre des Matériaux's Mechanical Metallurgy Research Unit, associated with the National Scientific Research Centre of France (CNRS), from 1978 to 1994. From very early on in his career, he developed strong links internationally, e.g. with MIT, where he was twice a Visiting Professor at the Materials Science and Engineering Department (for a year in 72/73 and again for 6 months in 1983) working with Professors R. Pelloux, A. Argon and F. McClintock; with Kyoto University in 1977 where he collaborated with Professor I. Tamura on phase transformations in steels.
Professor Pineau's scientific career has been repeatedly recognized with prestigious awards and honors, including the Rist Price from the Société Française de Métallurgie (SFM) in 1974, the Osmond Price from the Société d'Encouragement pourl'Industrie Nationale (SEIN) in 1983, the H. Becquerel Price from the French Academy of Sciences in 1987, the CNRS Silver Medal in 1989, the Portevin Medal from the Société Française de Métallurgie et Matériaux (SF2M) in 1991, the Gaz de France Price from the French Academy of Sciences in 1992, the Great Medal from SEIN in 1994, the Griffith Medal from European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) in 1996, the Gold Medal from the Federation of European Materials Societies (FEMS) in 1997, the Honorary Medal from the SF2M in 1999, and the ASTM George R. Irwin Medal in 2011.
His contributions have also been recognized with memberships of many scientific advisory boards and committees. Professor A. Pineau was elected as a member of the Comité des Applications of the French Academy of Sciences (CADAS) in 1994, of the French Academy of Engineering in 2000, and as a fellow of the Société Française de Métallurgie et Matériaux (SF2M). He has also been a member of the Editorial Board of the journal on Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, and the editor of the Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Design. He was elected as Vice President of the European Structural Integrity Society (ESIS) in 2002, and as an Honorary Member of the Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und –Prüfung (DVM) Society in Germany. He was a scientific advisor for Electricité de France (EDF) in 1994, for Usinor from 1998 to 2006, and has been for the French Atomic Energy Authority (CEA) since 1980. He has also served as an expert in numerous material and structural failure cases for the nuclear, transportation, pipeline, aeronautical and aerospace industries.
Professor André Pineau has published more than 300 journal articles, including 20 in Acta Materialia and Scripta Materialia, five textbooks, co-authored with D. François and A. Zaoui, and co-edited and co-authored 20 others dealing with the mechanical behavior of metallic materials. He is a passionate educator and has been an inspirational force to many undergraduate students, to the 85 PhD students who studied under his supervision and to his colleagues at the Ecole des Mines and at international institutions. As André Pineau has always been concerned with the education of school children, he is also currently strongly engaged in the development of practical scientific activities in elementary schools.
His early research was devoted to the study of the precipitation strengthening in nickel and iron base alloys. His main contributions in this field, with R. Cozar, were the discovery of the co-precipitation of g' and g" phases leading to the "compact morphology" and to the development of a theory on the raftening of g' precipitates in nickel base single crystals, work published in Acta Metallurgica in 1976. He was also involved (with B. Thomas, F. Lecroisey and L. Remy) in a pioneering study which identified the effects of temperature on the stacking fault energy of FCC metals and alloys. His research group also largely contributed to the understanding of the strengthening effect associated with mechanical twinning in low stacking fault energy alloys, such as Fe-Ni-Cr and also Fe-Mn alloys which form now the bases of TWIP steels used in the automotive industry. With R. Pelloux from M.I.T., he also investigated the effect of strain-induced martensitic transformation on the fatigue behavior of unstable stainless steels.
In the early 70s, he focused his research activities on high temperature fatigue and creep-fatigue oxidation interactions in nickel base alloys and austenitic stainless steels. His work (with E. Andrieu and R. Molins) showed in particular the existence of a critical oxygen partial pressure below which the fracture mode remains transgranular in Ni base alloys. He identified the mechanisms of oxygen penetration along grain boundaries which are responsible for intergranular fracture of these materials, and the interactions between transgranular fatigue cracks and intergranular creep damage in stainless steels (with C. Levaillant). The resulting understanding and approach has inspired to some extent the R5 assessment procedure for the high temperature response of metallic structures developed in the United Kingdom, in particular those used for the initiation of cracks by creep and fatigue damage. He also conducted a number of studies devoted to multiaxial fatigue, such as the effects of the environment and loading paths on the directional aspect of crack initiation.
In the 80s, André Pineau concentrated his research efforts on the study of fracture (ductile, brittle, ductile-to-brittle transition) in ferritic steels used for the fabrication of nuclear pressurized water reactors (PWR) and in duplex stainless steels. He developed the so-called "local approach to fracture" which is now widely used by engineers and scientists worldwide. This approach, which is mainly based on the micromechanisms of failure ahead of a crack tip, has largely contributed to the improvement of the transferability of laboratory test results to components. His work in this area over the past thirty years has greatly influenced the development of fracture mechanics standards (i.e. fracture toughness characterization and structural integrity assessments), and has thus had a profound impact in failure analysis, structural integrity code and material development in a broad range of industries, such as the automotive, aerospace, nuclear, pressure vessel and piping industries. In 1981, work by one part of his research group (also known as "Beremin") on cleavage fracture revealed for the first time that the fracture toughness of ferritic steels in the lower shelf regime is not an intrinsic property but depends on specimen size. Since then, the local approach to fracture methodology has become an established discipline in its own right, being largely used to explain a number of results which cannot be easily rationalized using a global fracture mechanics approach. André Pineau is continuing his work on the micro-mechanisms of fracture, in particular the effect of the bimodality of failure modes (cleavage and Intergranular damage) which can be found in thick components containing segregated zones, and the crossing of a grain boundary with a large twist component by a cleavage crack.
Professor Pineau will receive his Gold Medal during the December 2013 MRS Fall meeting in Boston, MA. A symposium, entitled "Materials: Fundamentals of Fatigue and Fracture", will be held in connection with this award.


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'Four different Devils scored and Sabres' goaltender Martin Biron was overwhelmed by the repeated waves of offense the defending champs sent crashing on him in the second period. Jay Pandolfo, Brian Gionta, and John Madden each finished off odd-man rushes in a span of 4:14 to chase Biron from the game.'
You are here: Home / SabresBeat / Devils extend streak


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And, of course, the fine print:
Get free shipping on your next order when you spend over $100. The discount will be automatically applied to your purchase; no promo code required. The subtotal of your purchase must be $100.01 or greater after any promotional discounts have been applied. Additional fees such as tax or shipping and handling do not apply toward your minimum subtotal requirement of $100.01. Offer applies to standard shipping only. Certain items that require additional shipping and handling are excluded from this promotion and do not apply towards your $100.01 subtotal minimum. Offer subject to change.
For those last-minute gatherings, these sterling silver earrings make for an excellent accomplice (they work well for planned get-togethers, too). The oval earrings feature an open pendant that's hand-hammered and buffed for a matte finish that catches the light just so.
- Hammered sterling silver
- Hangs at 2"
This product ships from the maker within 14 days, via USPS
If you're not happy with this item for any reason, you may return it for a full refund within 14 days.


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The Ice Cream Stand
This lesson printed from:
Posted December 2, 2009
Grades: 6-8
Author: Michael Koren
Posted: December 2, 2009
Updated: January 2, 2013
Students will learn about supply, demand, price, competition, and entrepreneurial skills in this lesson. They will put what they learned into action by creating an ice cream stand, to complete with other stands in the classroom.
Competition, Demand, Entrepreneurship, Price, Scarcity, Shortage, Supply, Surplus
- Explain the concepts of supply and demand.
- Explain how shortages and surpluses affect prices.
- Explain how prices and quantity of products produced are determined.
- Create an ice cream stand which will compete with other ice cream stands in the classroom vying for business and trying to make money.
Tell the students that they will learn about the economic principles of supply, demand, price, and competition. They will read two articles describing examples of supply and demand, and the effect of supply and demand on prices. To conclude the lesson, the students will work in groups to create an ice cream stand which will sell sundaes and milkshakes. Since each group will not have enough ingredients to run its stand successfully, they will have to develop a plan to get the supplies they need from other groups. The goal for each group is to make the best sundaes and milkshakes they can at a competitive price which will turn a profit. Thus, keeping costs down is quite important. A group of adults will buy one sundae and one milkshake from each of the competing groups. Groups will be judged by the quality of the ice cream stand and the quality of the sundae and the milkshake.
Appendix Graph: This will be used to help students determine how market price is established.
Review of the Laws of Supply and Demand: This site reviews the laws of supply and demand.
Economics Basics: Demand and Supply: This site uses graphs and charts to explain supply and demand in greater detail.
Market Price Definition: This site explains the concept of market price.
Empty Seats Make Yankees Cut Some Premium Prices: This site explains why the New York Yankees had trouble selling their premium seats.
Morrows Dump Milk To Protest Low Price: This site explains why farmers were dumping milk instead of selling it.
EconEdLink Lessons: These are two great EconEdLink lessons that teachers can refer to or use for the concepts of supply and demand.
"Demand Shifters":
"The Prices are Changing":
- "Demand Shifters":
You will need the following materials for this lesson:
- Play money in small, easily dividable denominations
- 2 sets of markers
- Construction paper
- 6 quarts or half gallons of ice cream
- 2 bottles of caramel toppings
- 4 pints of milk
- 3 blenders for the milkshakes
- 1 package of cups which can be divided up as needed
- 1 package of bowls which can be divided up as needed
- 1 package of spoons which can be divided up as needed
- 1 package of napkins which can be divided up as needed
- 1 box of straws which can be divided up as needed
- 3 ice cream scoopers
- 3 bottles of chocolate syrup
- Straws
Begin the lesson by asking the students the following questions:
- List five items you would like to buy if you had enough money to buy them.
- List five items you would like to sell if you could find a buyer for these items.
- How do you think the price for an item is established?
- How do the producers of various items decide how many of the items to produce?
Begin the demand portion of the lesson by asking students how many World Series tickets they would be willing to buy at $20.00 each? How many would they be willing to buy at $50.00 each? At $100.00 each? At $500.00 each?
Ask the students what happens to the amount of something they want to buy when its price goes up. [Usually, they will buy less of that product. Feel free to use examples.]
Ask the students what happens to quantity demanded as the price rises. [Quantity demanded drops as price increases.]
Ask the students to describe the relationship between quantity demanded and price. [Demand for most products is sensitive to price. As prices rises, quantity demanded falls. For most items, in other words, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. You may want to plot the data on a demand graph.]
- Introduce the New York Yankees example. Discuss the difficulty the Yankees have had selling their premium seats in the new stadium (some seats cost several thousand of dollars). Have the students read the article Empty Seats Make Yankees Cut Some Premium Prices .
Now it is time to move to the supply portion of the lesson.
Ask the students how many of them would be willing to babysit for $1.00 an hour? For $5.00 an hour? For $10.00 an hour? For $20.00 an hour? [You may want to plot the data on a supply graph.]
Ask the students what the relationship is between quantity supplied (of babysitting labor, for example) and price. [There is a direct relationship between quantity supplied and price. As price rises, quantity supplied goes up, and vice versa.]
Ask the students if it makes sense to sell a product for less than the supplier paid for it. [Usually, this wouldn't make sense the supplier would be losing money.]
- Have the students read the article Economics Basics: Demand and Supply to review the principles of supply and demand.
Now tell the students that they will determine how market price is established.
Let's assume that at 40 cents a bottle students demand 100 bottles of soda (pop). At $1.00 a bottle, students, demand 75 bottles. At $2.00 a bottle, students demand 30 bottles. At $5.00 a bottle, students demand 2 bottles. Place this data on the graph in the Appendix.
Let's assume that at 40 cents a bottle, suppliers would provide no soda. At $1.00 a bottle, supplies would provide 75 bottles. At $2.00 a bottle, suppliers would provide 250 bottles. At $5.00 a bottle, suppliers would provide 500 bottles. Place this data on the graph in the Appendix.
After you connect the dots for demand and supply, the graph will show the market clearing price or the market equilibrium price. This is where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. The market is cleared at this price. If price is higher than the market price, there will be a surplus in the market. If price is lower than the market price, there will be a shortage. In both instances, the market price will have to move up or down to clear the market. You should show this to the students using the graph in the Appendix. You may also want to revisit the website Economics Basics: Demand and Supply
at this time.
- Have the students visit Morrows Dump Milk To Protest Low Price to learn why farmers are deliberately dumping milk.
Discuss why farmers are doing this [There is an oversupply of milk resulting in low milk prices. The low prices mean farmers are supplying milk and losing money. If the market price is too low to cover production costs, some producers will leave the market shifting supply on the graph to the left and raising the market equilibrium price.]
Conduct the following activity to help the students understand the main concepts of the lesson.
1. Place the students in groups of four or five. Tell them they will create an ice cream stand. In their ice cream stands they will make sundaes and milkshakes. They will be judged on three points.
One point is the attractiveness of their stand. Another is the quality (or taste) of their sundaes. The final point is the quality (the taste) of their milkshakes. A group of four or five adults will independently judge the ice cream stands according to each point. The teacher will pay $15.00 to the team with the best stand, $15.00 to the team with the best sundae (plus the price of the sundae), and $15.00 to the team with the best milkshake (plus the price of the milkshake). Students must set a price for their sundaes and their milkshakes-a price that will allow them to make a profit. Explain that the price of the sundae and the milkshake will be a factor in deciding which one is best. Explain that the cost of making one sundae is 25 cents, plus the cost of anyy supplies the students had to buy; the cost of a making one milkshake is 35 cents, plus costs.
2. Tell the students they will need to develop a plan for obtaining all of the necessary ingredients for making their sundae and milkshake since no group will have all of the necessary ingredients. The students will need to work well as a team, divide jobs, and formulate a plan for obtaining the ingredients they need.
3. The students will have about 30 minutes to design their stand (including menus) and make their sundae and milkshake. Please distribute the following materials to each group:
- Group 1 $15.00, milk, bowls, ice cream, chocolate syrup, straws
- Group 2 $15.00, milk, caramel, chocolate syrup, spoons, ice cream
- Group 3 $15.00, blender, cups, napkins, construction paper, markers, ice cream
- Group 4 $15.00, two scoopers, blender, markers, ice cream, milk
- Group 5 $15.00, ice cream, bowls, construction paper, blender, one scooper
- Group 6 $15.00, milk, caramel, chocolate syrup, ice cream, cups
Once the students have established their stands and produced their sundaes and milkshakes, judge each ice cream stand, taste each sundae and milkshake, and award the prize money based on the criteria established.
4. Discuss with students their thoughts and experiences as they went through the activity. Discuss whether they students used money to purchase supplies or whether they traded for the supplies. Ask how much profit they were hoping to make from each sale. Tell the students why you awarded the money as you did.
Ask the students to write a brief paragraph explaining how forces of supply and demand determines price. Also ask the students to write about what did or didn't make their groups successful in this activity. Finally, have the students write a paragraph explaining three or four specific ideas they learned from this lesson.
Tell the students they now have an idea of how price gets determined and how supply and demand are involved. In running a business such as an ice cream shop, business skills are essential. Developing a business plan is crucial to being successful in the real world. Understanding the forces of supply and demand as well as competition in the marketplace are essential to being successful in the real world.
Ask the students why the Cash for Clunkers program has been so successful. Ask them to explain how forces of supply and demand have worked in this program.
[Demand for cars was quite low. By providing additional refunds, the program made new cars more affordable. The quantity demanded for cars went up as the clunkers program is a subsidy, acting to shift the demand curve to the right..]
Ask what might happen to cars sales once the money for this program ends.
[Sales may drop, but if car dealers are creative or if car manufacturers develop popular, fuel efficient cars, sales may not drop as much.]
Ask the students if there are some items which people would buy no matter what the items cost.
[Possible examples: Water, electricity, and petroleum for our cars would be some examples. Tell students that, for these items, demand is inelastic. This means that price doesn't factor into purchasing decisions very much, since the items in question are very important us. Point out that demand may be more inelastic in the short run than in the long run. For example, in the short run, high prices may not cause people to buy less gasoline but if high prices persist for a long time people may closer to work, buy a more fuel-efficient car, or use mass transit.]


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Currently the fastest SATA ports can support up to 600Mb/s (0.6Gb/s) data transfer rates. However, once the new SATA Express standard is ratified, this will shoot up to 8Gb/s and 16Gb/s rates! That's a massive speedup factor of 13 and 26 times. So, what is SATA Express? The SATA-IO standards body explains this:
"SATA Express is a new specification under development by SATA-IO that combines SATA software infrastructure with the PCI Express® (PCIe®) interface to deliver high-speed storage solutions. SATA express enables the development of new devices that utilize the PCIe interface and maintain compatibility with existing SATA applications. The technology will provide a cost-effective means to increase device interface speeds to 8Gb/s and 16Gb/s."
So, this fusion of PCIe and SATA will be particularly handy in preventing the bottlenecking of high speed storage devices, currently SSDs which are currently pushing against the 0.6Gb/s speed limit and will maintain backwards compatibility with existing devices such as older SATA HDDs. SATA Express defines new device and motherboard connectors that will support both new SATA Express and current SATA devices. It will also support new form factor devices, such mSATA for low profile solutions for mobile computing devices; SATA Universal Storage Module (USM) which is an integrated SATA interface for providing portable, volume storage I/O to consumer electronics devices, as well as PC applications and finally SATA microSSD which is an embedded, single-chip solution that connects directly to the motherboard enabling ultra-thin form factor devices.
Note that the faster 16Gb/s version is actually 60% faster than Intel's new Thunderbolt interconnection, which runs at 10Gb/s. Therefore, it wouldn't be surprising if the functionality of Thunderbolt will be rolled into the SATA Express standard, making the fledgling Thunderbolt obsolete before it gets much traction in the market. It's currently a niche, high end and expensive product in the marketplace.
The new SATA Express specification is expected to be ratified by the end of 2013. Full details for SATA Express are available from SATA-IO, linked to below.
Solid state (SSDs) and hybrid drives are already pushing the limits of existing storage interfaces. SATA Express will provide a low-cost solution to fully utilize the performance of these devices. Storage devices not requiring the speed of SATA Express will continue to be served by existing SATA technology. The specification will define new device and motherboard connectors that will support both new SATA Express and current SATA devices.
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Dame Helen Mirren to bring new Queen role to cinemas
DAME HELEN MIRREN is heading to cinemas as QUEEN ELIZABETH II for a second time after producers of her new London play agreed to film the production for the big screen.
The actress, who won an Oscar for her lead role in 2006 film The Queen, has reprised her role as Britain's monarch for a new theatre production called The Audience.
The West End play is currently in previews ahead of opening night on 5 March (13) and has already sold a massive £4 million in tickets, prompting producers to bring the play to cinemas so fans without seats won't be disappointed.
The play will be screened live from London's Gielgud Theatre on 13 June (13) and broadcast to cinemas around the U.K.
It will also be shown to international audiences, with screenings planned for the U.S., Canada, Australia and India, among others.


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Needs-Based Scholarships Available
The Foundation for Jewish Day Schools has a limited number of needs-based scholarships remaining for qualified 3- and 4-year-old full-time students enrolled in Jewish preschool programs at Har Zion Temple and Beth Sholom Congregation in 2005-06.
Qualifications for the scholarships are based on the rules of the Pre-K Educational Improvement Tax Credit program of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. To be eligible for a scholarship, a student must be a resident of Pennsylvania and a member of a household with an annual household income of not more than $50,000. An additional income allowance of $10,000 is permitted for the student and for each other dependent living within the same household, as defined by the IRS.
Applicants must submit their 2004 Federal Income Tax Returns to the Private School Aid Service, a third-party scholarship analysis firm, which will determine eligibility and rank qualified applicants by level of need.
There is a $19 fee to apply for a scholarship.
For more information, call 215-832-0812.


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How to Climb Trees With Ropes and Harnesses
Like many others attending this year's Pyrotechnics Guild International convention, fireworks builder Jim Widmann got his start through the pages of Popular Mechanics—specifically, the esoteric technical supplies and tools in the classified section that filled the back pages of the magazine. "I started off making firecrackers," he said. "But I soon got tired of that and started making more elaborate and complicated colored devices like rockets and gerbs." He hasn't stopped building them since.
Widmann now makes a good portion of his income building machines that pyrotechnics makers around the world use to wrap the paper coverings on their fireworks. He's also a well-known fireworks craftsman, building some shells that are several times the size of the shells used in municipal July 4 celebrations. Such pieces are works of art, filling the sky with color, light, and noise. But given the size and power of his devices, it's not easy for Widmann and the people like him to find a place that allows them to indulge their interests.
That's why every year several thousand enthusiasts like Widmann gather in a specially chosen Midwestern city with three important attributes: dark skies, liberal fireworks laws, and a citizenry with considerable tolerance for noise. This year: LaPorte, Ind., where all day long, the pyros (as they call themselves) build shells on site. Some are so heavy they're simply built at the launch site. The result is a display unlike any other fireworks demo in the country.
A casual walk through the manufacturing areas provides a close look at how the fireworks are made. It's decidedly low-tech and more like a kitchen than a lab. Competitors spend all day combining ingredients according to centuries'-old recipes, often with a little extra of one chemical or another mixed in to make their composition unique. Where a chef's building blocks might be butter, flour, and salt, the pyro's pantry contains potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur.
7 Gameday Gadgets for Your Next Tailgate


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'A source close to the NHLPA told The Buffalo News at least six other unrestricted free agents who otherwise would've qualified for lockout compensation were dropped from the union and considered retired. The list includes two ex-Sabres: forward Joe Juneau, who finished last season with the Montreal Canadiens, and defenseman Calle Johansson, who came out of retirement to finish with the Toronto Maple Leafs.'
You are here: Home / SabresBeat / Ray has company on union pay issue


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Oral Argument Calendar - Special Session - Berkeley - November 3, 2009
S158528 - People v. Robinson
S164830 - People v. Kelly
S156933 - In re J. (E.) on Habeas Corpus
S162823 - People v. Mackee
S163453 - People v. Lessie
Oral Argument Calendar - San Francisco, November 4, 2009
S157341 - Lexin v. S.C. (The People)
S150984 - People v. Freeman
S165861 - Sunset Sky Ranch Pilots et al., v. County of Sacramento et al.,
S156598 - Brown Winfield & Canzoneri Inc., v. S.C. (Great American ins. Co.)
S162313 - Chavez v. City of Los Angeles et al.,
S074624 - People v. Martinez


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Most helmets feature an outer ABS plastic shell lined with EPS foam; construction is either in-mold or injection-molded. These helmets are designed to absorb the impact from a single catastrophic event, after which it should be discarded. A few manufacturers (like Bern) offer models with softer foam that absorbs multiple low-intensity hits, but these aren't rated to the same safety standard.
Your helmet should fit snugly. If it feels loose when you shake your head, it's too big. Most helmets use Boa dials, sliders, or removable padding so you can make adjustments to ensure a good fit. Always measure your head and use the size chart first, though.
Most helmets feature venting to keep your head cool and comfortable. Venting systems vary, but usually consist of outlets that allow hot air to escape and inlets that allow cooler air to circulate. Often venting can be controlled with sliders or with drop-in plugs.
If you like listening to music when you ride, or want hands-free convenience for phone calls, look for ear flaps or attachments that add audio capabilities to your helmet. Some helmets come with audio built in, while others are simply audio-compatible, with speaker units available separately.


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Hey, I am doing sotfare rasterization and I was wondering if anyone here done triangle rasterization in software using fixpoint. I have a triangle rasterizer that is using fixed 16.16 and it tends to get tears in geometry from time to time. If I render something simple as a cube, it renders ok, very little tearing, but.. if I render something big as like a game level that has a lot of curves or any object that has curves in it, I get tears. SO I was wondering if anyone knew a solution or has come this problem using fixed. I have searched the internet and the most software triangle rasterizers I have found are using floating point, so if anyone knows a solution, has come to this problem or has a hint of a solution, please let me know. Also, Nick if you veiwing this, I would love to have your help on this.
Could you please send a screenshot? I wonder how your tearing problem looks like.. (I associate tearing with the effect that you'll see if your display rate does not match the monitor refresh rate). However, I don't think that's the problem you have.
Regarding fixed point: No problem at all - I can help you with that. Programmers just have become lazy and don't do fixed point rasterizers anymore also they are still more precise than float rasterizers.
Ok heres the pick of a 9000 poly level:
uses my smiley image as texture \\^\~
As you can see,it has alot of cracks. If you want I can send you my source and you can take a look at it. I use 16:16 fixed. I use the http://www.exaflop.org/docs/fatmap/#Subpixel%20accuracy to implement my renderer, well I use it as a reference. So if you no something that must be done in fixed point math that prevents this or maybe something I might be missing, it would be a bifg help. Thanks
If you mean there are cracks between the polygon, like this, you should read my Advanced Rasterization article. Chris Hecker's Perspective Texture Mapping articles also feature a very accurate rasterizer.
As far as I can see, the background has been filled with a cyan color, and the cracks you'll see are cyan and mostly horizontal edges. I bet these are the edges that have a height less than one (fixed point wise). If so you have messed up an important special case. Easy to fix.
Anyways, let's take a shortcut. Take a look at my code and cut'n'paste it into your engine (shouldn't be much of a problem). It will do pixel perfect filling (you can trust me on this. If this code generate seams your geometry is broken). Tell me if it fixes your problem. If so - well
To see some results you have to adjust the function "Section" to your bitmap format and change the blendmode from "overwrite color it with -1" to "add some constant like 16 to the pixel". This will give you a overdraw indicator. Pixels that are drawn more than once are brighter than those who are drawn just once. An important test feature that you should use frequently!
You should not see any of these double drawn pixels between edges, and you should not see untouched horizontal edges as well.
Let me know how it works out. Adding Texturing and Gouraud is easy. Getting the edges right everytime is not It took me over a year to finally get a perfect fill-rule.
Btw, every coordinate is 16:16 (as usual) and I don't do clipping. If you need it inside the polyfiller hack it into the section function.
#ifndef __polyfill_hpp
#define __polyfill_hpp
typedef signed long sS32;
typedef unsigned long sU32;
typedef unsigned short sU16;
typedef unsigned __int64 sU64;
typedef signed __int64 sS64;
struct Vertex
sS32 x; // 16:16
sS32 y; // 16:16
sS32 yceiled; // 0.32
void MyPolygon (Vertex *vtx);
#include "polyfill.h"
// globals:
sU16 * ScreenBuffer;
int ScreenPitch;
// statics:
static sS32 xLeft;
static sS32 xRight;
static sS32 dxdy_left;
static sS32 dxdy_right;
sS32 sDiv64Save(sS32 a,sS32 b)
if (b <=65536)
__int64 cc = 0x40000000/b;
cc = (cc * a)>>14;
int ret = (int)(cc&0xffffffff);
return ret;
__int64 aa = a;
__int64 bb = b;
int ret = (int)(aa&0xffffffff);
return ret;
sS32 sMul64 (int a, int b)
__int64 aa = a;
__int64 bb = b;
__int64 cc = aa*bb;
return (int)(cc&0xffffffff);
void Section (int y1, int y2)
for ( int y=y1; y<y2; y++)
int x1 = (xLeft + 0xffff)>>16;
int x2 = (xRight + 0xffff)>>16;
int fract = (x1<<16)-xLeft;
for ( int x=x1; x<x2; x++)
ScreenBuffer[ScreenPitch*y+x] = -1;
xLeft += dxdy_left;
xRight += dxdy_right;
void Setup_Left (const Vertex *a, const Vertex *b)
int height = b->y-a->y;
if(height == 0) return;
int frac = (a->yceiled<<16) - a->y;
dxdy_left = sDiv64Save (b->x-a->x, height);
xLeft = a->x+sMul64 (dxdy_left, frac);
void Setup_Right (const Vertex *a, const Vertex *b)
int height = b->y-a->y;
if(height == 0) return;
dxdy_right = sDiv64Save (b->x-a->x, height);
xRight = a->x + sMul64 (dxdy_right, (a->yceiled<<16) - a->y);
void MyPolygon (Vertex *vtx)
int top = 0;
int bottom = 0;
int left = 1;
int right = 2;
if (vtx[1].y < vtx[0].y)
if (vtx[2].y < vtx[1].y)
{ top = 2; left = 0; right = 1; }
{ top = 1; left = 2; right = 0; }
} else {
if (vtx[2].y < vtx[0].y)
{ top = 2; left = 0; right = 1; }
{ top = 0; left = 1; right = 2; }
if (vtx[1].y > vtx[bottom].y) bottom = 1;
if (vtx[2].y > vtx[bottom].y) bottom = 2;
vtx[0].yceiled = (vtx[0].y + 0xffff)>>16;
vtx[1].yceiled = (vtx[1].y + 0xffff)>>16;
vtx[2].yceiled = (vtx[2].y + 0xffff)>>16;
if (vtx[top].yceiled == vtx[bottom].yceiled) return;
Setup_Left (&vtx[top], &vtx[left]);
Setup_Right (&vtx[top], &vtx[right]);
int middle = vtx[left].yceiled;
if (middle > vtx[right].yceiled) middle = vtx[right].yceiled;
Section (vtx[top].yceiled, middle);
if (left == bottom) Setup_Right (&vtx[right], &vtx[bottom]);
else Setup_Left (&vtx[left], &vtx[bottom]);
Section (middle, vtx[bottom].yceiled);
Btw, this code is the result of over 5 years of polyfiller tweaking and simplification. For me it's the mother of all trapezoid based triangle renderers.
Btw, the poly-filler above has drawn this (more than 30k polygons, with tons of degenrated and horizontal edges)
Hey Nils, Im pretty much doing the same thing... I quite don't understand why Im still getting cracks... It would be nice if some one else can take a look at my code, I ve been at this for 3 weeks now. So Nils, if you can help look at my code and maybe get a hint of what im doing wrong, Ill a preciate it. Maybe if you have aim/msn or send by e-mail or something?
feel free to send me the code. you'll get my email via p-mail.
I tried to compile your code. My VS.NET crashes with an internal compiler error inside your fixed point template classes.
So I tried to get the new vs.net express, but that does not work either (blame my computer for that).
I've written a makefile for gcc/cygwin. That usually works out of the box. But it gives several hundrets of errors for your fixed point class as well *sigh*
So I'd say - first you'll fix your fixed point *g*, then I'll give it another try and take a serious look at it.
However, I did reviewed your poly-renderer, and as I've expected you don't have the special workaround for edges that are less than a pixel in height. This stuff *is* important.
To me, it seems it's sufficent if you just replace the calls to fixDiv by the sDiv64Save routine I've posted above. Do this inside the polyfiller, everytime you divide dx by dy (e.g. when you calculate the polygons edge-slope).
This should fix all those errors.
Hey, the reason why you can't compile is that you need vs 2003 - 2005 net, the lower versions of vs don't support the way I have my template set up. Its probably complaining about the missing of template arguments etc... In 2005 you don't have to specify template arguments in a template function that is inside of the class name space. Anyway, I found out that my renderer was ok and could render high poly models with no cracks, it was actually my cull vertices's function that was making triangles cull out. I was capping the fractional part in the determinant of the computation of the edges. So I just made the final result in to 16.16 , but that lead into a problem of over flow when the triangle got to close to the near plane and got big, so the numbers over flowed, so I just shifted the delta of the edges over by 8 and then did the multiply and it got rid of that. Heres the results:
Take note that none of these models are using any z sorting. Yeah, so my renderer really rocks multiple bags of socks . So thank you Nils and Nick, you guys helped me a lot!


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Tufted Puffins Return to Haystack Rock at Cannon BeachApril 13th, 2012 by Innkeeper
"Welcome back, puffins!"
So reads a handmade sign held by a flock of school children in front of Cannon Beach's most prominent landmark, Haystack Rock, every April.
Haystack Rock is home to a colony of 200-300 tufted puffins during the summer months, where they congregate after many months on the open ocean to mate and raise chicks.
Their arrival is a sure sign of spring in Cannon Beach and is celebrated during the annual Twelve Days of Earth Day celebration.
During the event, April 11 – 22, 2012, volunteers with the Haystack Rock Awareness Program set up puffin-viewing stations on the beach with spotting scopes. They are also available to answer questions about the distinctive birds.
Tufted puffins are striking birds during the summer breeding season: each sports a thick, bright orange bill, a bright white face atop a jet-black body, and a pair of golden tufts curling from orange-rimmed eyes down the back of the neck. In the air, they fly purposefully with constantly flapping wings. Read the rest of this entry »


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Volleyball Mom Sleeveless
Product Color:
Product information
The Sleeveless Volleyball Mom is the no-sleeve version of the popular favorite t-shape. Perfect for use in sports where you are bound to sweat and need wide range of movement as well as on hot and sunny days, to avoid those tan-lines across your biceps. Put Volleyball on the finest combed jersey which feels soothing against your skin.
Volleyball Sleeveless is available in 10 different color options. Heather Grey: 80% Peruvian Cotton/20% Polyester. Remaining Colors: 100% Peruvian Cotton.
Sku: SL1WH0000064700202020643BLWH00000


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Aripiprazole for Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
|Drug: aripiprazole
|Phase 4
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Aripiprazole for Pre-Existing Neuroleptic-Induced Tardive Dyskinesia: a Prospective 26-Week Observational Study
- Total scores of AIMS [ Time Frame: The change from baseline to study endpoint ]
- Total scores of PANSS [ Time Frame: The change from baseline to study endpoint ]
- Total scores of SAS [ Time Frame: The change from baseline to study endpoint ]
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|June 2008
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|February 2010
|Estimated Primary Completion Date:
|August 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Drug: aripiprazole
Objective:A few case reports on the use of aripiprazole in neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia have demonstrated positive effects. However its effectiveness in treatment of TD was still inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of aripiprazole in management of pre-existing neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia.
Method: Subjects with pre-existing neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia were chosen from Taoyuan psychiatric center. Patients recruited would be treated with aripiprazole for cross-titration with previous antipsychotics in 8 weeks. We use AIMS, SAS, & BAS to assess the severity of TF and EPS. We record subjects' age, sex, and other factors which have influence at the treatment response. Subjects are assessed every two weeks in the first month and then monthly until six months.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|Child, Adult, Senior
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female patients must agree to prevent from being pregnant during trial periods
- Meet psychotic disorder or mood disorder criteria of DSM-IV
- Patients must have psychiatric diseases that need to use antipsychotics for a long time
- They must meet DSM-IV research criteria for neuroleptics induce tardive dyskinesia
- No clinical significant major systemic diseases
- No special neurological diseases which would influence the assessment for EPS or TD
- Mentality is better than mild mental retardation
- Patients or .legal representatives agree to join in the research and sign informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Unstable major systemic diseases
- Had neurological disorder influenced to EPS assessment
- Substance abuse or dependence other then coffee or tobacco within 6 months before study
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00837707
|Contact: Chia-Hsiang Chan, M.D.
|886-3-3698553 ext 2069
|Taoyuan Mental Hospital
|Taoyuan, Taiwan, 330
|Contact: Chia-Hsiang Chan, M.D. 886-3-3698553 ext 2069 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Chia-Hsiang Chan, M.D.
|Study Chair:
|Chia-Hsiang Chan, M.D.
|Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. Taiwan
|Responsible Party:
|Chia-Hsiang Chan/ Attending Psychiatrist of General Psychiatry, Taoyuan Mental Hospital
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00837707 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|February 4, 2009
|Last Updated:
|February 4, 2009
Keywords provided by Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. Taiwan:
Tardive Dyskinesia
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Movement Disorders
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Neurologic Manifestations
Signs and Symptoms
Neurotoxicity Syndromes
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Chemically-Induced Disorders
Antipsychotic Agents
Tranquilizing Agents
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Psychotropic Drugs
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 21, 2017


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China's march to overhaul its front-line fighter fleet is making good progress, thanks to two major indigenous production programs involving the Chengdu J-10 and Shenyang J-11 models. The Chengdu product is an all-Chinese design that is now entering service in numbers. The J-11 is a license-built Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker, which in its latest production version incorporates important Chinese components.
Together, the two types are providing the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) with a "high/low" fighter mix, akin to those employed by the U.S. (F-15/F-16) and Russia (Su-27/MiG-29). The advanced nature of both types signals China's intentions to transform its air force from one in which sheer numbers could carry the day to one in which a much reduced number of aircraft can maintain the force's effectiveness through technology.
Vigorous Dragon
Called the "Vigorous Dragon," the J-10 program dates back to 1983, when China initiated a multi-role fighter competition after the failure of several other programs. The Chengdu, Nanchang and Shenyang organizations submitted proposals and the first of these was chosen.
For the J-10, Chengdu drew upon its earlier J-9 fighter design. It also took full advantage of the developments of various Western technologies that were acquired in the 1970s under the Peace Pearl program, and subsequently in deals with Israeli and European companies.
In June 1997, the prototype was rolled out, making its maiden flight on March 23 the following year. An initial prototype batch of nine or 10 aircraft was followed by at least six preproduction aircraft. Exactly five years after the first flight, the aircraft's test campaign officially ended in 2003, and a week later the first aircraft were delivered to the Chinese air force's Operational Trials Regiment at Cangzhou.
The first front-line user was the 131st Regiment of the 44th Air Division at Kunming, which received its first aircraft on July 13, 2004. Later that year initial operating capability was declared and deliveries have subsequently been made to additional regiments. After years of speculation and sightings, the existence of the aircraft was made public officially only on Dec. 29, 2006.
Production of the J-10A single-seater runs at around 24 to 36 units per year and the production run is expected to reach 300 to 500 units. Partnering with the single-seater is a fully combat-capable two-seater, variously reported as the J-10B, J-10S or J-10AS. The first of two two-seater prototypes flew on Dec. 26, 2003, and since then J-10AS production has been interspersed with single-seaters on the assembly line. Trials have been performed with a retractable refueling probe, although this feature has not yet been seen on operational aircraft.
J-11's Flanker Pedigree
In 1992 the PLAAF received the first of an eventual 36 single-seat Su-27SK and 40 two-seat Su-27UBK fighters to re-equip key air defense units. Experience with the Flanker led to the type being adopted as the primary heavy fighter for the PLAAF. As a result, China went on not only to procure 100 Su-30MKKs and Su-30MKK2s for the fighter-bomber and maritime roles, but also to negotiate a license to assemble Su-27SK fighters at Shenyang.
In 1996 Sukhoi and Shenyang reached agreement to assemble 200 aircraft, initially from Russian KnAAPO-supplied kits followed by increasing local component manufacture. Designated J-11, the first was rolled out in 1998, although manufacturing problems led to a delay in full-scale production until 2000. Observers believe that 96 standard J-11s were produced by 2003.
The following year it was reported that production stopped at around 100 aircraft and that the J-11 no longer satisfied Chinese requirements. Under the terms of the original coproduction agreement there was no technological transfer for avionics or engines, and they had to be bought from Russia.
While production of the baseline J-11 was under way, Shenyang began work on an advanced version known as the J-11B, with Chinese engines and avionics. The locally developed WS-10A Taihang engine was tested in an Su-27SK and has been fitted to trial versions of the J-11B. The improved aircraft also has an indigenous radar housed in a new style radome and the type is compatible with a range of Chinese weapons. J-11Bs have undergone tests since 2003, while the radar was tested in a modified Shaanxi Y-8 (An-12).
Engine Issues
China's desperate search for a successful modern fighter turbofan reaches back decades, with a string of failures. In the 1970s and 1980s, Western technology was acquired in the shape of the Rolls-Royce Spey and the CFM International CFM56. The latter is thought to have provided the starting point for what became the Shenyang WS-10 turbofan. This engine was intended to power the J-10, although development was so slow it became obvious that it would not be ready in time for the new fighter.
In the early 1990s the embattled WS-10 program gained breathing space thanks to the Sukhoi fighter deal, which provided access to the Salyut (Lyulka) AL-31F engine that powers the Su-27. Negotiations soon began to procure AL-31Fs for the J-10. The first few prototypes flew with development WS-10s, but subsequent aircraft have been powered by the Salyut AL-31FN–a modified version of the Flanker engine with gearbox relocated to underneath to match the J-10's single-engine requirements.
There have been four orders for the AL-31FN, the first reportedly totaling between 10 and 50, while the three subsequent purchases cover 254 engines.
Meanwhile, WS-10 development continued, including an increase in thrust to produce the WS-10A Taihang. As the Chinese engine was seen as a potential alternative to the AL-31F, the dimensions were kept the same as the Russian powerplant. Flight tests began in 2002, with one engine replacing an AL-31F in a test Su-27SK. The model was certified in 2006.
It now appears that J-11 production will use the WS-10A, while for the foreseeable future the J-10A will retain the Salyut powerplant. However, it is a stated aim to fit the WS-10A in the J-10. This program has ramifications in the export market, as a Taihang-powered J-10 would be an "all-Chinese" fighter completely free of outside export restrictions.
Missile Ready
Both the J-10 and J-11B are adapted to carry the PL-12 active-radar air-to-air missile (equivalent to the U.S. AMRAAM), as well as earlier Chinese weapons such as the PL-8 (similar to Rafael Python 3) and the PL-11 (semi-active radar honing missile based on the Italian Aspide). Both types also have an impressive air-to-ground capability and are being developed to carry a range of precision weapons.
According to reports in the Chinese media, the J-10 and Flanker have met several times in mock combats, with the J-10 reportedly coming out on top in most engagements. This indicates not only its superior flight control system, but also highlights the capabilities of the aircraft's indigenous avionics. However, the Flanker scores well in terms of range/load characteristics.


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SCHOOLS in Mid Devon are working with a multi-agency group to encourage young people to act responsibly on social media.
Local group Inform on Social Media has grown dramatically across Mid Devon, into East Devon and Exeter, as they try to educate young people on the dangers of irresponsible behaviour on the internet.
Increasingly the police, schools and colleges are dealing with worrying reports of incidents involving use of the internet - and particularly social networking sites.
Often issues are spilling out of the virtual world of the internet and causing a negative impact on people which is keenly felt in the real world.
Julia Ryder, Community Safety Officer said: "Too many young people are getting into trouble by sharing sexually explicit images of themselves or getting into arguments and bullying through social media sites and text messaging. Young people tend to live for the moment and don't always realise that once they have posted an image or a statement then it is basically 'out there' for the world to see and read forever. Many aren't aware that their future employment and travel plans may be seriously affected by such activities".
The East & Mid Community Safety Partnership has made this a priority area of work following a continual rise in incidents reported by both school and police staff.
A statement from Cullompton Community College said: "At Cullompton Community College we recognise the importance of keeping children safe. We train staff to raise their awareness of essential safeguarding procedures and we work hard to educate our students to be responsible users of social media. Developing technologies present massive opportunities for learning in new and exciting ways but with access to the world-wide web it is also essential that young people understand how to use technology wisely."


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April 24, 2006
Participation in State-Fish Art Contest Skyrockets with TFFC Sponsorship
ATHENS, Texas — Last year Lulu Fang of McAllen submitted the winning illustration and composition about the Texas state fish, the Guadalupe bass, in the grades 10-12 category of the State-Fish Art Contest.
On April 22 Fang learned that she had won again–but this time she had a lot more competition. After the Texas Freshwater Fisheries Center became the state sponsor of the contest, participation increased more than 10-fold.
"We worked to get the word out to teachers through press releases, flyers and e-mails," said Zoe Ann Stinchcomb, education team leader at TFFC. "This contest is an excellent way to involve students in grades 4 through 12 in art and science."
Three winners are chosen–one for grades 4 through 6, one for grades 7 through 9 and one for grades 10 through 12. The winner for grades 4 through 6 was Anna McCaleb of Bulverde. Aleena Rogers of Midlothian was the winner for grades 7 through 9.
The contest is sponsored by Wildlife Forever, Rapala, The Art Institutes International Minnesota, Mall of America, the Minnesota Twins, the North American Fishing Club and Cheap Joe's Art Stuff.
Contest winners from all the states are invited to attend the State-Fish Art Expo July 29-30 at Mall of America in Minneapolis and will receive free entry to the July 30 Minnesota Twins game against the Detroit Tigers, where they will be honored at a pre-game ceremony.
Also at the July expo, the top three pieces of artwork in each grade category will receive "Best of Show" honors, and one will win the "Art of Conservation Stamp" Award and be reproduced as the 2006 State-Fish Art Conservation Stamp. Proceeds from sales of the stamp will be used to fund conservation education and aquatic restoration projects across America.
"The State-Fish Art Contest is a perfect fit for Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the Texas Freshwater Fisheries Center," said Allen Forshage, TFFC director. "This contest celebrates Texas's youth, aquatic resources and rich fishing tradition."
"We are pleased to partner with the Texas Freshwater Fisheries Center in using art to educate a new generation of conservationists," said Douglas H. Gramm, president and CEO of Wildlife Forever.
Located in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, Wildlife Forever is a non-profit multi-species conservation organization dedicated to conserving America's wildlife heritage. Wildlife Forever has funded millions of dollars of conservation projects in all 50 states. For information on the organization and the contest, visit http://www.wildlifeforever.org/ and click on "State-Fish Art Contest" in the dropdown menu under "Programs."
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