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Lightning strikes in the same place thrice
Lightning Returns marks the last adventure of Square Enix's flagship heroine, and the developers are intent with letting the epic femme fatale go out with a bang. Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII is filled to the brim with fantastic RPG elements that founded the iconic franchise, while incorporating its own unique intuitive and dynamic mechanics to provide truly immersive gameplay.
Even if you're not a hardcore fan of the first two titles in the series, Lightning Returns isn't a game you'll want to miss out on. The story is shrouded in mystery and the characters have grown since we've last encountered them, and Snow Villiers has even become a nefarious villain in this iteration.
The true heart of Lightning Returns' enjoyable gameplay is its impressive combat structure. Square Enix has been known for raising the bar and pushing the boundaries when it comes to role-playing mechanics, and their innovations are clearly seen even in the first battle.
With Lightning Returns, Square Enix has brought gamers back into the world of Coccoon for one last journey, one that closes Lightning's epic adventure and quells the Chaos that threatens all of existence. From the game's incredible graphics to the bizarre and memorable visuals to the compelling story arc and influential battle sequences, Square Enix has crafted yet another amazing adventure into the heart of the Final Fantasy universe.
Game Mechanics: Real-Time Combat, FX & Schematas
Lightning Returns has fantastic combat that's portrayed in real-time, with liquid-smooth effects and elegant, sleek fluidity. The power of our femme fatale is higlighted even moreso in this title, and Lightning has an expansive array of spells and abilities to use while in combat. Lightning's myriad of skills empowers gamers and makes them feel akin to near godliness, and affords near limitless tactical strategy with endless potential to mix-and-match every ability.
While Lightning does have a smattering of offensive spells, she also has defensive abilities that mitigate damage, reinforce defense, and heal lost HP. Interestingly enough players can block any time while in combat to reduce damage taken, and players can also move about the battlefield and aren't constrained to one specific area.
Rather than selecting abilities in a classic list, Lightning's abilities are separated in schematas, or pre-defined classes with their own specific set of usable skills. There are three different schematas to make use of in Lightning Returns:
- Divinity
- Dark Muse
- Sorceress
Each schemata has a range of offensive and defensive skills to use in-battle, many of which are specific elemental attacks that have different affects on different enemies. Each schemata has its own ATB bar that depletes when certain skills are used, and schematas can be switched on-the-fly in combat. It's best to strategically utilize the abilities in each scheme, which gives players a strategic and tactical upper hand while in battle.
Each abilities for the schematas correspond with the four face buttons on a PS3 or Xbox 360 controller, giving players four main spells for each preset. Additionally Lightning's outfits change with each schemata, adding a nice stylish flair to her appearance whilst in combat. ATB gauges are replenished rapidly whilst out of combat, and naturally regenerate in combat as well.
The most enjoyable thing about the schemata system is that it combines sentiments from mechanics seen in many fighting games: namely the combo systems, as players can tap any of the four face buttons to execute (or cast) certain spells and abilities. This is immensely rewarding and for a while players forget they're playing a RPG, proving that Square Enix still has its hallmark magical flair for these types of games.
Mixing and matching schematas is extremely important and is the key to taking down tougher enemies. When one ATB bar is emptied, players can simply switch to a different schemata and cast/use the abilities in that pre-set. For example, if Lightning were to use up her ATB bar for her Divinity schemata, she could easily switch to the Sorceress class to wield powerful elemental affinities and crush enemies with blizzaga or firaga spells.
Upon entering combat, players have the opportunity to press a certain button in a sort of timed mini-game, and when pressed quickly enough enemies will have lowered strength in battle. Along with this enemies have their own strengths and weaknesses, keeping that familiar scheme of elemental affinities that has been passed down throughout the Final Fantasy series.
The enemies are varied in strength and sometimes team up to pose greater threats, and Lightning will often come across bosses throughout her journey. The E3 demo showcased a brief bit of gameplay with a mini-boss, and Lightning was the only character in the party during the playthrough. Whether or not other members will be included wasn't showcased during the demo, but since it's a Final Fantasy game, we could probably expect a three party team.
The special effects for every single spell were amazingly executed and truly instilled that sense of wonder that's associated with the Final Fantasy XIII series. The graphics were pristine and crisp, and the cutscenes were remarkable–a sentiment that has also been reflected in every single Final Fantasy title since its inception.
Coupled with the incredibly refined graphics and spell effects, the fluid and sleek combat system complimented gameplay excellently and contributed to that impeccable sense of true majesty that can be found throughout the series. Gamers who enjoyed the first two Final Fantasy XIII titles will no-doubt fall in love with the franchise all over again, with a huge offering of dynamic mechanics to swoon over.
I was impressed with the true level of strategy offered with the game's combat system, and the schemata interfaces offer a greater sense of control. Staggering enemies and dishing out bonus damage by taking advantage of their weak points is very rewarding, and every single casted spell or ability was a work of art in itself.
All in all my time with Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII was a feast for the eyes and ears, and truly immersed my senses into a fantasy world that's rife with magic and peril. The story arc underlined the desperation cast by the doom-spreading Chaos while keeping true to Lightning's heroic persona, and brought to life yet another remarkable title in Square Enix's definitive franchise.
Lightning Returns is a truly prestigious title that I cannot wait to experience again, and it looks to be one of the major RPG releases in the Final Fantasy franchise. Admittedly I was skeptical about yet another Lightning game, but once I tried the combat, I was hooked. The game's combat system takes everything players love from a fighting game–the explosive and rewarding combos–and throw in traditional RPG elements to deliver something wholly new and original set in the definitive world that we know and love.
Square Enix has another winner on their hands, and although the story arc is somewhat convoluted and confusing, the game's core elements remain strong enough to carry it for years to come.
Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XII is slated to release on Feb. 11, 2014 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. For more information please visit the game's official website.


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Dear Sisters and brothers, this Saturday please join us across the planet as we walk to feed the hungry. We are the living Buddha. Our collective energy has the power to shine light in even the darkest places. A drop of our compassionate nectar transforms misery into joy.
http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com ... OvWQ%3D%3D
Together we are a noble community. "Go forth on your journey, for the benefit of the many, for the joy of the many, out of compassion for the world, for the welfare, for the benefit and joy of mankind." Shakyamuni Buddha (Vinaya I, 21)
Please consider joining in or donating to this very worthy cause.

subset: commoncrawl


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Did You Know?
The main threat to River Otters are water pollution and habitat destruction.
Did you know that rhinos have existed on Earth for over 50 MILLION YEARS?!
Well, now you do.
The black rhino is one of the most interesting mammals, in my opinion. These animals can look scary given their large size and sharp horns, but they're actually pretty gentle (unless they feel threatened, of course). These herbivores tend to be solitary and spend most of their day grazing out in the sun. It's been so cool having Jello and Doppsee here for over a year now. If you haven't come by to see them yet, try and do so before colder weather begins – they spend winters indoors.
Speaking of seeing them! The third annual World Rhino Day is coming up this Saturday, September 22 and Potter Park Zoo is celebrating in a couple ways.
1) We're offering special behind-the-scenes tours led by the rhino's zookeepers. This is a neat opportunity to learn about what it takes to care for these fascinating creatures and maybe even meet one up close! More details and tickets here.
2) The Teen Open Studio over at REACH Studio Art Center has been working all summer on an 8-foot rhino sculpture. It turned out fantastic! Join us as we install the finished product and celebrate the hard work of these art students. More here.


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ST. JOHNS COUNTY, Fla. - Property values appear to be going up in St. Johns County, enough to bring in nearly $1.5 million in additional tax dollars for the county.
Realtor Barbara Maple is having an exceptionally busy day today.
"I am working with three different contracts right this minute on three different houses," Watson Realtor Barbara Maple said Wednesday. "All of them have multiple offers on them."
One of those contracts belongs to Jane Chadwick, who had been starting to get discouraged.
"We priced it very competitively 'cause I wanted to sell it right away and was kind of surprised that we got no offers," said Chadwick, who's selling her home.
But now, Chadwick is discovering her house is in the middle of a hot-selling community -- Sawgrass.
"I have a multiple offer, and they're both good offers," she said.
Preliminary numbers show St. Johns County property values rose $271 million over last year, about 1.2 percent. It's the first sign of positive growth since the bottom fell out of the housing market.
"So when we heard the initial report, we were pleased. It's good news overall," said Jesse Dunn, of St. Johns County Office of Management and Budget.
Property appraisers attribute a lot of that growth to brand new communities like one in Palencia, which includes a new school -- another big draw to the county.
As far as other counties go, Duval is still crunching the numbers, but the property appraisers there say they are encouraged by only a slight reduction expected for property value, less of a reduction than they've seen over the last few years.
There's also a positive prediction In Nassau County, with the auditor saying "all indications, we are in a rebounding market."
And in Clay County, values appear to have stabilized and a reduction isn't anticipated.
But any Realtor will tell you a bump in St. Johns County is a good sign for everyone. It's a sign things are headed in the right direction.
"It's so great after several years of disappointing looks on sellers' faces when they're not selling their house as quickly as they thought they would," Maple said.
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Banned for sparkling Pokes.
Banned for sparkling Pokes.
Banned for no sparkling Pokes, nya~
Banned because I rarely find them.
Banned for rarely, nya~
banned cause I did the impossible with my white with shinnies
May the odds be EVER in your favor
Credit to Eeveelover824 for this sig and credit to RondezView for the pink pikachu
If you are a true Swiftie (a Taylor Swift fan) like me and not scared to show it, "Drop Everything Now" and copy and paste in your signature.
Banned for doing it so, nya~
Banned for stars.
Banned for holiday spirit.
Under Construction
Banned because I'm trying to get myself into it.
Banned for self-persuasion.
Banned because I'm running out of reasons...
Banned for lacking.
Banned coz I have to go to bed early - gonna wake up at 3AM coz of work at 4am -_- nya~
Banned for that part-time job.
Banned coz I need monehs XD nya~
Banned for needing money. (but seriously, good luck)
Banned coz its my 3rd day today XD heehee, nya~
I make $100 a day, I think.
Banned for making that much.
Banned coz its 8hrs...nya~
Oops I start at 7 not 4 XD LOL.
Banned because that's long and for correction.
Banned coz Amelia got dark purple hair not blue, nya~
That's still a lot. Besides the whole "start at 7" thing.
Banned for Whitney cosplay.
Banned for telling.


text:
And, of course, the fine print:
Get free shipping on your next order when you spend over $100. The discount will be automatically applied to your purchase; no promo code required. The subtotal of your purchase must be $100.01 or greater after any promotional discounts have been applied. Additional fees such as tax or shipping and handling do not apply toward your minimum subtotal requirement of $100.01. Offer applies to standard shipping only. Certain items that require additional shipping and handling are excluded from this promotion and do not apply towards your $100.01 subtotal minimum. Offer subject to change.
This playful wine bottle and glass print is made with a hand-carved and hand-pulled linocut. The art print features a whole slew of cheerful line patterns, just right for the dining room.
- Hand-pulled linocut
- Sturdy 100 lb. bristol paper
- Each print will vary slightly
- Does not include frame or mat
- Signed and dated by the artist
- Measures 8" x 10" with a 0.5" to 1" border
- Shipped flat
This product ships from the maker within 7 days, via USPS
If you're not happy with this item for any reason, you may return it for a full refund within 14 days.


text:
A man arrested in connection with the murder of a woman who worked in Bath and whose body was found 13 years after she disappeared has been rebailed.
The 44-year-old man was arrested last year, four years after Melanie Hall's remains were found near a motorway.
Miss Hall, who worked at the Royal United Hospital in Bath, vanished after a night out at Cadillacs nightclub in Walcot Street in the city in June 1996.
On October 5, 2009, human remains were found by the side of the M5 by a workman who was clearing vegetation on the slip road at junction 14, near Thornbury, South Gloucestershire.
Two days later, the remains were identified as those of Miss Hall, from Wiltshire.
Last November, the man from Bath was arrested on suspicion of the murder of the 25-year-old.
A spokesman for Avon and Somerset Police said today: "A 44-year-old man arrested on suspicion of the murder of Melanie Hall has been further bailed pending further inquiries."


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Get excited about reading again with fun and interesting tips from our experts, including The M.D., our dietitians, and our fitness expert. In our health library, you will find all of the information you need to achieve your goals of making a healthy lifestyle change. So, start reading and start losing!
Seasonal Diet Tips
Explore our expert knowledge on topics such as healthy eating during the holidays, and how to live into a happier and healthier you in the New Year. Discover tips and tricks on how to avoid weight gain at holiday parties and while on vacation.
Oh, the festive holiday advertising. It's always some big, jovial gathering of happy people and a resplendent spread of mouthwatering food, from simple salads to sumptuous desserts. And, of course drinking alcohol. No good meal is complete without the tinking of wine glasses, or a hearty beer, or later, a rich, smooth cocktail in front of the fire.
So they tell us, anyway. But what they don't tell us are all the downsides of adding that seasonal drinking, those essential alcoholic beverage to our celebrations, and we're only talking about the nutritional considerations, here.
We all know that, generally speaking, even the most conscientious dieters, the most rigorous of careful eaters, will usually relax their usual standards to make room for some holiday indulgences.
You don't even need a big holiday. Researchers who track eating patterns have shown that we Americans tend to significantly increased our caloric intake even over weekends, as compared to weekdays.
We eat and drink more on the weekends, but you may be surprised by where most of our weekend calories are coming from.
A recent study found that among American adults aged 19 through 50, the biggest increase in caloric intake on weekends came not from indulging in extra desserts or having another afternoon snack, but from drinking alcohol. And if we up the volume on the alcohol for any old weekend off, think how this might play out when we're feeling compelled by tradition at one holiday party after another.
People don't often think of drinking alcohol as a calorie source. It's not hard to see why. We usually think of getting our calories from sources of nutrition. There's no nutritional value to alcohol at all, and while you may pick up a few carbs from beers and even a little fat from the goodies that go into some of those fancy holiday mixed drinks, you're just not very likely to count them. That means your imbibing could represent a stealthy but "potentially significant" source of calories.
We know that even among people who tend to pay attention to caloric intake, liquid calories often slip in unnoticed. It is not only drinking alcohol that we need to be careful of. Research shows that even with non-alcoholic beverages, people forget to count the caloric content of their drinks. Sodas are the main offender of adding stealth calories to the American diet, but they are not alone. There's a pretty good chance those extra weekend beers, or that cup of holiday grog just won't get factored into the overall calorie count, or compensated for by cuts elsewhere.
The other issue for diet is really the main problem with drinking alcohol in general. It lowers inhibitions. The same affect that makes one drink lead to another, can also make one drink to lead to, say, a second serving of thick, cheesy au gratin potatoes, or another slice of double chocolate sin cake.
One glass of wine or a beer, depending on the type, is likely to add between 80 and 180 calories. That's not so much, in itself. But the relaxed attitude and lowered inhibitions most people get from that first glass of wine or beer usually make the second drink "complete with all its calories" seem more appealing. And it has that same affect for all the lovely, tempting food that we were only going to have in moderation this year (really, this year we MEAN it!). This is especially likely to come into play during the holidays, because it's already a special occasion, and we're already making exceptions to our rules.
Simply answer a few questions so we can figure out your weight loss goals and provide solutions for a lighter, healthier you. Our weight loss meal plans are designed to help real people achieve real and lasting success.
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text:
Getting Back in Step
I've been writing lately that we can't be too quick to look for a market top; on the other hand, I've seen reasons to be more cautious. As a result, I'm feeling a little out of step as the market walks back up and continues to act pretty darn well overall. Breadth has been steadily improving and there are still no sign of a rush for the exits. In fact, there is still plenty of chasing taking places in stocks that have posted good numbers. Even Facebook (FB) moved back into the green for a while after a shaky start.
When I feel a bit out of step with the action, I focus more on individual stocks and try to ignore the indices. Typically, action in the indices tends to cause emotional and mental confusion for traders. If you are on the wrong side of the market, the main reason why is because you are fighting the indices and not focused enough on what individual stocks are doing....67 more words left in this article. To read them, just click below and try Real Money FREE for 14 days.
There's no substitute for a trading floor to get great ideas, so Jim Cramer created a better one at Real Money and blogs there exclusively. We then added legendary hedge fund manager, Doug Kass, with his exclusive Daily Diary and best investing ideas. Staffed with more than 4 dozen investing pros, money managers, journalists and analysts, Real Money Pro gives you a flood of opinions, analysis and actionable trading advice found nowhere else, and allows you to interact directly with each expert.
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A Curse upon You, Boston!
Written by IndyHoya
Greetings, fellow 55ers.
Just when we thought that it might be safe to breathe easy; that it might be time to light up that fat victory cigar; and that we wouldnt have to worry anymore about objects looming large in our rear-view mirror, our mercurial cagers went and threw us for a loop.
After playing like contenders against the Knicks, the Bulls, and Charlotte; after going up on the Bobcats by 3 games; and after looking like we might even give a premier team like Boston, Miami, or Chicago a run for their money, now, suddenly, we all feel like weve just taken an ice-cold shower.
Yup, somehow the Pacers managed to lose in thoroughly convincing fashion to the likes of Sacramento and Detroit. And now, tonight, the Celtics are in town. Charlotte is biting our *** again and Milwaukees not out of the picture either. It looks bleak.
How do the results of the last two games make me feel?
Well, if Sacramento and Detroit are any measure of the future, I should feel kind of queasy and nauseous. However, for some reason, I dont.
Yeah, call me a fool (And why not? Many of you already have, and more than once!), but I think weve got a shot at beating Boston tonight.
Why? I dunno exactly. Maybe its because its now become such a big game. I've found that our guys usually play pretty well when we let ourselves get really up against things and absolutely have to win.
Maybe its because we have generally played the Celtics pretty tough this season and now, at last, I think we get their big green monkey off our backs.
Maybe its because I have these big, rose-tinted glasses on right now and I refuse to let my playoff hopes die.
Whatever, be it my lack of logic or my ruby spectacles, everything still looks kind of pinkish to me about tonights game.
Yup, I just think we might spring one on the Beantown Boys. You can line up to spit on this prediction, on my playoff hopes, and on my premature burial tomorrow night if this prediction proves wrong. But, yeah, I think we're going to win it.
I think Grangers gonna go for around 25; Collisons gonna dole out around 8 assists and may go 7 for 10; and Roys going to have a career night. Nobodys going to stop Tyler Hansborough. And Brandon and Dahntay are going to be just stellar. OK. That's my prediction. But I'm going to be there extra-loud and possibly a tad inebriated just to make sure.
PTO Doings: As usual, the PTO will be meeting pre-game in the Anthem Parking Lot at around 5:30 P.M. or so. Red Foster, the usual purveyor of hard liquor at these affairs, will NOT be bringing any Irish whiskey to the festivities. John Jameson and Tullamore Dew are a bit too Celtic for the seriousness of these hard times. I strongly suggest vodka, Red. Or just use your imagination and surprise us.
I will be there at the PTO too, as usual, but I will NOT be wearing any green. Nor will I answer to Murphy. nor Murph, nor anything else remotely resembling my true family name. I will emphatically ignore any greetings or huzzahs thrown my way by PTO attendees insensitive enough to utilize this Irish sobriquet when referring to me. Rather, tonight my last name will be Raskolnikov. Tonight, if asked, I will unhesitatingly deny and forswear my 50% Gaelic heritage. Tonight I am Slavic! Croatian! No spud eater, I. Tonight I am going to be loud. I will be dressed yellower than a crocus. I will be wearing a face bluer than Mel Gibsons was in Braveheart! Bluer than Cole the Mole's! Bluer than the sea!
Other appropriate precautions have been taken.
PTOs elfin and unmistakeably Irish VP/GM, Casey OBrien, has been ordered, per a ukase issuing from our President, Aaron Brickyard Coleman, to keep his shamrocky little butt outside an arbitrarily drawn 12-mile radius of the Anthem lot. His tickets to the game have been confiscated and he has been banned from attending. Due to his sickening resemblance to Lucky the Leprachaun, the former Celtics mascot, these precautions were all felt appropriate. Additionally, the PTO regulars will be spending all sums comprising OBriens meager pot-o-gold on hard alcohol and Kyle Kielbeze Brumback has taken it upon himself to actually steal and personally consume of all OBriens Lucky Charms.
Irish Curses Upon Boston!
Since the VCU/Kansas game, I have also been repeatedly muttering the following compendium of Irish curses (which worked great for me on Kansas) for further use on selected members of the Boston Celtics:
To Paul Pierce: May there be a griping in your stomach! May your misfortunes at the 3-point line be food for gossip at the forge! May your shooting hand shrivel and be like that of a crones!
To Kevin Garnett: May you stand repeatedly on the out of bounds line, holding the ball, on weak spindly legs! May your dreams and reflections of baskets turn vile and bad!
To Ray Allen: Let the cat eat your shooting eye and the devil eat the cat!
To Glen Big Baby Davis: May the devil make a ladder of your backbone and a hodge-podge of your shot!
To Rashon Rondo: May warts and chapped hands be upon you and may your dribbling and passing be twice vexed! May your comings be goings and your goings be errant and inaccurate.
To Jeff Green: The curse of all NBA tramps be upon you and may your shooting and rebounding be first poor and then poorer!
To Troy Murphy: Another stone on your grave, you traitorous and miserable wretch! May the rebounds you steal be all from your own team!
To Doc Rivers: May all your vaunted emerald offspring promise much and deliver little!
And to all of you bandwagon traitors that tonight will undoubtedly don bilious Celtics green; forsake your city and its team; and cheer on the enemy, I give you this:
May the devil eat your insipid heads
May worms choke your worthless butts
May hounds of hell gnaw incessantly at your minisculel manly parts
May pitiless bureaucrats and tax collectors chew at your vitals
May you and your offspring all leave Conseco without returning.
May your hopes ever fall short and be without rising.
And may the devil cut the heads off you, and then make a days work of your necks!
And may we be loud and mean tonight, 55ers. And may our boys be courageous and prevail!
Go you Pacers! And be loud and proud, O Area 55!


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So Does anyone have any plans for making homemade baskets?
I've looked around, and so far, I like using the blue 55gal barrels and a 2" sch40 pvc pipe as a post. I thought about using a regular metal fencepost inside of this for extra support, since I'm not going to put concrete out anywhere like this. I think I could probably get the blue barrels locally from companies that use them and dispose of them, assuming they didn't store anything bad in them. I don't know that the overall basket diameter would be exactly the same, but I could always regulate that by adjusting my chain positioning to keep it close.
I'm looking at putting a few in the woods near a local hiking trail.
1) My thought was a 2" sch40 pvc pipe for the post
2) Drill and tap 4 holes for the bottom basket section (3,6,9,12 on clock face)
3) Put a bolt in the holes to support the bottom basket
4) Cut the bottom of the blue barrel off so it's 10" tall to make the lower basket
5) The lower basket will rest on the 4 bolts
6) Drill and tap 4 holes for the top basket section (3,6,9,12 on clock face)
7) Put a bolt in the holes to support the bottom basket
Cut the top off of the barrel so it's 4" tall to make the chain rack
9) The chain rack will rest on the 4 upper bolts
10) Cut slots in the chain rack wide enough for a chain link (1/2"x1-1/2" roughly) for each
11) Put the chains through the slots and run a small steel braid cable in a full circle around the top
12) Put a small steel braid cable throught the chains at the bottom in place of a ring
I got my measurements from here
So what do you guys think, would this work?


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From the Great Exhibition to the Credit Crunch - the transformation of Britain from the world's greatest nation to the present day
In 1851 Queen Victoria opened the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park. It was the high water mark of English achievement - the nation at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution, at the heart of a burgeoning Empire, with a queen who would reign for another 50 years. In the following 150 years, the fate of the nation has faced turmoil and transformation. But it is too simple to talk of decline? Has Great Britain sacrificed its identity in order to stay part of the present world order?
Leading historian Jeremy Black completes the landmark four volume Brief History of Britain series with a brilliant, insightful examination of how present day Britain was formed.
About the author: Jeremy Black is one of the most respected historians, described by Andrew Roberts as the most underrated thinker in Britain. He is the professor of History at Exeter University and a renowned expert on the history of war. This title will be his 100th published work in an impressive oeuvre that has covered numerous subjects. He appears regularly on TV and radio, including BBC Radio 4's In Our Time.
©2013 Jeremy Black (P)2013 Audible Ltd
There are no reviews for this title yet.
"Infuriating dates and conversions"
I found the audio book very frustrating. Everytime a character is mentioned for the first time the narrator gives dates eg life span (1895 to 1948); period spent as MP etc. Similarly all measurements are given in imperial and then metric units and to 2 decimal places. So infuriating. Eventually I was so distracted by this that It spoilt the experience.
If this was an ebook I'm sure it would not be so annoying as it's easy to ignore such detail, But as it's audio it becomes very annoying.
The author has split the era into two periods 1851 -1931 and 1931 to 2010. The history is thematic, ie deals with the total sub periods in terms of individual themes such as women's rights, welfare state etc. This is disconcerting in that he may be dealing with events of the 1930s and then slips back to 1850 for the next set. The author deals with broad trends and progressions utterly devoid of any reference to human personality. One of the great dramas of Victorian Britain was the political tension between Gladstone and Disraeli which informs much of the political and legislative history of the later 19th century. Not a word! The author seems to think that statistics, which he appears to love, are a substitute of living historical figures. He projects no feeling for the era or those who lived through it. It also requires a fairly detailed knowledge of British history and life before reading it eg what are non British readers to make of "ASBOs" which are mentioned but unexplained? Very disappointing. Very boring.
None come to mind
Nicely read
"I shall listen to this again"
There was so much information such as culture, economy the lot. I have read many histories of England, I found this really interesting.
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text: Submit an answer Angela, USA AddedWednesday, March 28, 2012 at 8:16 AM College and Career Plans Hi! My name is Angela. I'm a sophomore in high school. I'm trying to figure out my college plans, career, etc. I love math and science! I have really high ACT and SAT scores, so I want to get some type of academic scholarship to help pay for college. My favorite subjects are math and science and I've taken many AP courses in these subjects. I'm really interested in the medicial field, but I know that engineering is coming to play an even more important role in medicine. I've been thinking about medical research, such as developing cures for diseases. Can you give me any information on careers related to this field, colleges with good engineering and/or medical research facilities, and colleges that grant scholarships based on merit (I don't think Ivy league schools do this)? Thank you so much! Related to Bioengineering/Biomedical, Chemical, Choosing a Degree, Choosing a School, Electrical, Math & Science, Mechanical Reset Sort By Default Heidi Koschwanez , Duke University Answered Wednesday, March 28, 2012 at 8:16 AM Hi Angela Congrats on your great ACT and SAT scores! Doing well on these tests will open a lot of doors for your future career plans! Having a degree in engineering makes you very marketable once you are finished with undergrad, since a student who does well in an engineering program tells future employers that this student can work hard, learn new concepts fast and apply these concepts and skills to a variety of problems to solve. While at Duke for the past 4 years working on my PhD in biomedical engineering, I've met several biomedical engineering undergrads that take all the pre-med classes and apply to medical school. In fact, all of the undergrads (~4) that have worked in my lab have taken this route and all of them have been accepted to medical schools. Some schools with very good biomedical engineering programs include Duke, Georgia Tech, Johns Hopkins and the University of California San Diego. I would also suggest looking into mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and chemical engineering undergraduate programs for your undergrad since many employers are familiar with these classical engineering degrees, instead of biomedical engineering (which is a new field and is sometimes questioned as being a true engineering discipline, depending on who you talk to). You can major in a classical engineering program, and minor in biomedical engineering. Additionally, when you are finished with your undergrad degree, you can take the tests to become a professional engineer (important if you want to go into industry, opposed to academics). As far as I know, in the USA, there is no biomedical engineering test, but rather mechanical engineering, chemical engineering etc, so you might as well get classical engineering training in undergrad to write the professional engineer test once you are finished with your undergrad degree. Just a suggestion. These tests I mentioned are USA specific. I am not sure about what scholarships are available for you; however, you might want to look at the National Science Foundation website, the Howard Hughes Medical Research website and the National Institutes of Health website about national scholarships. Good Luck Heidi Melissa Knothe Tate , University of New South Wales Australia Answered Wednesday, March 28, 2012 at 8:16 AM Dear Angela, It sounds like you "have the makings" to become a biomedical engineer! Actually, with an engineering background in any of the fundamental engineering areas like Mechanical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering would also provide a foundation to make biomedical discoveries. What is important is that you learn to think critically like an engineer while also taking science and chemistry classes to understand the "world of cells and molecules" where disease processes start. You will be entering the field at an exciting time: research areas including the mechanics of the cytoskeleton (the cell's own skeleton), protein folding (yes, just like folding clothes but at a much smaller length scale), and electrical signaling between cells are changing our understanding of whole body/organ health and disease processes. By majoring in engineering as an undergraduate and then going to medical school (or graduate school to earn your Ph.D. in engineering), you will be poised to make new discoveries to prevent or to reverse disease processes! In planning for your future, I would suggest exploring research universities that have top programs in both engineering and medicine. Make sure you apply for scholarships not only at the universities but also through private foundations. You high school guidance counselor should be able to work with you to do searches on the internet as well as to contact universities directly to determine which ones have merit based aid. If your school counselor does not have much time to support you in this, I would recommend looking on the web for university research labs whose work interests you. Don't be afraid to write to professors directly to ask about their work. The best springboard for your career will be to participate in lab research as soon as you start at the university; professors who answer your emails will be more likely to mentor your in their research programs. So, keep up the great work in math and science and don't forget how important it is to excel in writing as well; a big part of research is conveying your results to others, either in written articles or at conference presentations. Good luck!


text: Edge, however, was way better in getting out into open space or seeing lanes. So even with an equally bad O-line, I'd have way more faith in Edge in producing something than I would Addai and Brown, both of whom do way too much dancing and hesitating behind the line for my tastes. Edge was always decisive and straight-ahead.


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Making The Film
Using The Film
Dreadful Memories: The Life of Sarah Ogan Gunning, 1910-1983
Gunning suffered a life of bitter poverty which became the fuel for dozens of moving songs about working people, the mines, and the great coal strikes of the twenties and thirties. Gunning's a cappella roots music is intercut throughout the interviews and archival footage. A 1988 film by Mimi Pickering, available from Appalshop on DVD.
Anyone interested in the history of the labor movement and the National Miners Union, women's history, or the New York folk scene of the 1940s will find this program fascinating, and anyone wanting to hear some truly fine singing, the kind we hear less and less of these days, will be delighted with this video.


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Vanarama Conference
Forest Green 1
Bristol Rovers 1
FOREST Green and Bristol Rovers shared the Vanarama Conference points in a full-blooded West Country derby at the New Lawn.
Watched by a record league crowd of 3,781 and in front of BT Sport cameras, Darrell Clarke's Bristol Rovers deservdley nosed ahead after the break when Andy Monkhouse nodded home, but Ady Pennock's team showed their resilience for Jon Parkin to bundle Marcus Kelly's deflected strike home.
Earlier, Forest Green named an unchanged line-up for the fifth consecutive game against a Bristol Rovers side, who were buoyed after their first league victory over AFC Telford on Saturday.
The Gas started on the front-foot. Inside sixty seconds, Lee Mansell forced Sam Russell to glove his free-kick away after Luke Oliver had fouled Adam Cunnington.
Forest Green responded. Parkin released Lee Hughes down the right. The former Premiership star ghosted past Tom Parkes, but his ball into the danger zone failed to pick out a Forest Green man.
With the rain falling, tempers boiled over. Chris Stokes found his way into the book for a lunge at Monkhouse.
Bristol Rovers were holding sway and the dangerous Mansell glanced a header just wide from a Lee Brown cross.
Clarke's side continued to boss the game, but in a rare Forest Green attack, Adam Lockyer was handed a yellow for an over-zealous challenge on Stokes.The card school continued with Oliver going into the book.
Bristol Rovers pressure was beginning to tell. A flowing move on 38 minutes saw former Forest Green striker Matty Taylor bundle in, but an offside flag curtailed his joy.
Moments later Taylor slashed wide as the Gas finished the first half in the driving seat.
However, Bristol Rovers were almost caught cold on the cusp of the interval. Hughes' high cross picked out Rob Sinclair and his header dropped agonisingly wide at the back-post.
Forest Green boss Pennock was looking for a bright second half start, but the Gas were cooking and took a deserved 55th minute lead. Monkhouse nodded home from a Brown cross past the sprawling Russell to send the 1,886 travelling fans into ecstacy.
Pennock had seen enough and made a swift double substitution with Kelly coming on for Elliott Frear and fans' favourite James Norwood replacing Sinclair.
Bristol Rovers remained a threat. Taylor stung Russell's gloves from the edge of the box.
Questions were asked of Forest Green's flat-footed defence when an unmarked Taylor saw his superb header bring an outstanding finger-tip save and brave follow-up block from his former team-mate Russell.
Forest Green netted parity in somewhat fortunate circumstances. The ball fizzed around the box and Kelly's deflected shot came off Parkin for a 68th minute goal.
A direct three-pass move almost conjured Forest Green a goal. Norwood's pass from his own box picked out Hughes, who pinged a through ball to Parkin and his stabbed effort was turned away for a corner.
With 11 minutes to go veteran Hughes made way for Luke Rodgers. Minutes later Bristol Rovers striker Taylor left the field to warm applause.
With the clock running down Kelly's curling free-kick forced a fine save from Steve Mildenhall.
Sam Wedgbury picked up an injury time booking for pulling back Harrison as the honours were shared at a soggy New Lawn.
Forest Green: S. Russell; D. Pipe, L. Oliver, D. Coles, C. Stokes; R. Sinclair (J. Norwood 59), C. Kamdjo, S. Wedgbury, E. Frear (M. Kelly 59); J. Parkin, L. Hughes (L. Rodgers 81).
Subs not used: E. Oshodi, S. Arnold.
Bristol Rovers: S. Mildenhall; T. Lockyer, N. Trotman, T. Parkes, L. Brown; A. Monkhouse, O. Clarke, L. Mansell, D. Martin (S. Sinclair 78); A. Cunnington (E. Harrison 49), M. Taylor (J. White 84).
Subs not used: J. Gosling, W. Puddy.
Referee: S. Rushton (Staffs)
Attendance: 3,781
Star man: Sam Russell
Video reaction to follow with FGR boss Ady Pennock.


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Every game now carries a life-or-death feel for teams in the NCAA Tournament bubble conversation. They rarely are quite that important—selection committee chair Mike Bobinski reiterated that on Wednesday: "We try not to overweight what happens here this week in relation to the rest of the season"—but Bobinski and his committee are definitely watching intently.
Here's what they saw Wednesday:
GOOD DAY: Cincinnati/BAD DAY: Providence
Outcome: Cincinnati beat Providence in the Big East Tournament. The Bearcats turned in the kind of defensive effort coach Mick Cronin loves—Providence shot exactly 9-for-32 from the field in each half—and scored enough to beat a Friars team desperate to keep its crazy-thin NCAA Tournament hopes alive.
Cincinnati's prognosis: The Bearcats mostly needed to avoid a one-and-done in the Big East Tournament—and even then, they probably were safe—and accomplished that with the win over Providence. Thursday's quarterfinal vs. Georgetown (noon ET) has more upside than downside; there's no shame in losing to a potential No. 1 seed, but an upset win would help Cincinnati in the seeding discussion.
Providence's prognosis: The Friars needed at least two wins—Cincinnati and Georgetown—to get in serious NCAA consideration, and it might have taken a trip to the title game to actually earn an at-large berth. Instead, they'll wait to hear about a potential NIT bid.
GOOD DAY: Arizona State/BAD DAY: Stanford
Outcome: Arizona State beat Stanford in overtime in the Pac-12 Tournament. Point guard Jahii Carson, Arizona State's outstanding redshirt freshman, poured in 34 points (a tournament freshman record) and handed out four assists as the Sun Devils earned a must-have victory in Las Vegas.
ASU's prognosis: The Sun Devils remain barely on the fringe of the bubble. They have four RPI top 50 wins but a horrible non-conference strength of schedule (No. 284) and three losses to triple-digit RPI teams. There's more work to be done in the Pac-12 Tournament.
Stanford's prognosis: The Cardinal is/was in similar fringe-bubble situation as ASU but have fewer RPI top 50 wins (two), a better non-con strength of schedule (87) and fewer bad losses (two). They'll be NIT-bound now.
GOOD DAY: Colorado
Outcome: Beat Oregon State in the Pac-12 Tournament. With leading rebounder Andre Roberson back in the lineup after missing a couple of games with a viral infection, Colorado survived an ugly shooting night for both teams to knock off the Beavers. Roberson had 12 points and seven rebounds in 25 minutes. Spencer Dinwiddle led the Buffs with 20 points, doing most of his damage from the free-throw line (9-for-11).
Prognosis: Calling the Buffaloes a bubble team might be a stretch. They were pretty solid already, with a pair of RPI top 15 wins (Arizona and Colorado State), a solid NCSOS and nine RPI top 100 victories. But they lost their regular-season finale to Oregon State (RPI 180), and they played the Beavers again in the Pac-12 Tournament opener. Had they lost Wednesday, back-to-back losses to a team with Oregon State's numbers wouldn't have looked good on the resume. But, the Buffs won, and they'll be fine on Selection Sunday.
(all times ET)
Cincinnati—vs. Georgetown in Big East quarterfinals, noon
Minnesota—vs. Illinois in Big Ten first round, noon
Iowa State—vs. Oklahoma in Big 12 quarterfinals, 12:30 p.m.
Southern Miss—vs. UAB in Conference-USA quarterfinals, 1 p.m.
Arizona State—vs. UCLA in Pac-12 quarterfinals, 3 p.m.
Tennessee—vs. Mississippi State in SEC second round, 3:30 p.m.
Villanova—vs. Louisville in Big East quarterfinals, 7 p.m.
Maryland—vs. Wake Forest in ACC first round, 7 p.m.
Cal—vs. Utah in Pac-12 quarterfinals, 9 p.m.
Iowa—vs. Northwestern in Big Ten first round, 9 p.m.
Louisiana Tech—vs. Texas-San Antonio in WAC quarterfinals, 9 p.m.
Baylor—vs. Oklahoma State in Big 12 quarterfinals, 9:30 p.m.


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Blueprint for beating Ducks? Riley says no
CORVALLIS, Ore. -- With a strong running game and a physical defense, many believe Stanford has created the blueprint for beating Oregon.
The Cardinal held the Ducks to just 14 points, which was previously unheard of.
But Oregon State head coach Mike Riley says it's easier said than done.
"Everybody is jumping to the conclusion that all of a sudden there is a magic formula to beating Oregon because Stanford did," says Riley. "That's not true."
"There is no, 'Watch the film and beat Oregon idea.' If anyone has got one of the those, we'll take it."
Oregon State has lost four straight Civil War meetings, with its last victory coming in 2007.
However, the Beavers defense has played well against spread offenses this season, beating both UCLA and Arizona.
Riley thinks many teams are turning to the spread because of the Ducks' recent success.
"I think people all over the country are watching Oregon, trying to get ideas about playing offensive football," says Riley. "There is no doubt that Chip affected the University of Oregon big time when he came and is continuing to do that and is establishing an unique identity for the school and football program."


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This is the guess the points thread for the Pacer game at the Toronto Raptors on 12/28/11
Game time is 6:00 PM
See The Guess the Score FAQ or the main PD FAQ for the full contest rules. However here is the short version:
- The difference between your picks for each team and their real score is added together. That is your "off by". Lowest wins. You pick Pacers 90 Knicks 80. The real score is Knicks 95 Pacers 81. You are off by 24. (90-81) + (95-80).
- RoboDoug is a computer program. He can only understand your guesses if they are in a certain format. See the FAQ for details.
- Winner gets his name listed in the winners list. That's it.
- Preseason wins do not count toward your season total.
This thread will be closed to further guesses at approximately 15 minutes before game time.
Good luck.
Winners to date:Code:Preseason Game Poster Offby 12/16/11 vs Bulls 90'sNBARocked 5 jeffg-body 5 Sparhawk 5 12/20/11 at Bulls thefeistyone 4


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Stephani Bee
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April 1, 2013 5:00 am
If Johan Santana is able to recover from his upcoming surgery, he will be a trailblazer for major-league pitchers.
It's the final year of Johan Santana's six-year, $137.5 million deal, but it looks like his Mets tenure has already concluded. Dr. David Altchek is scheduled to perform shoulder surgery on Santana tomorrow, after the lefty reportedly re-tore his anterior capsule during a spring bullpen session.
This will be the second time the former Cy Young winner has undergone the procedure. Santana first underwent the surgery back in 2010 and subsequently missed the entire 2011 season. When he returned, the southpaw was a shadow of his former self, posting a FRA+ of 102—better than average, but his worst numbers in over 10 years.
February 19, 2013 5:00 am
There are a variety of reasons why ACL injuries like Mat Gamel's can recur.
Some players can't escape the injury prone label, and Mat Gamel might earn it soon. On Monday, we learned that Gamel suffered a mid-portion tear of the ACL graft in his surgically repaired right knee. Despite his knee receiving a green light twice within the last month, Gamel suffered the ACL tear during the first full-squad workout on Saturday.
ACL surgery, while one of the more prevalent surgeries in sports medicine, is both never routine and not guaranteed to be 100 percent successful. Among top sports medicine surgeons, the failure rate ranges up to three percent, while 10 percent is a commonly cited figure for most others. Even though failure is unlikely, the primary cause for ACL graft failure is a technical error by the surgeon that causes additional stress across the graft. The surgeon can make several errors including, but not limited to: improper drill hole angles in the femur or tibia, too much or too little tension in the graft after securing it, and a failure to recognize a concomitant injury such as a partial PCL tear. These mistakes can lead to the ACL getting too much force or getting force too quickly.
February 6, 2013 5:00 am
Chris Carpenter's season is over before it had a chance to begin thanks to a thoracic outlet syndrome flare-up.
Chris Carpenter made an amazing return from Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) surgery last year, but his 2013 season—and, potentially, his career—is now in jeopardy following a setback with his shoulder. Carpenter was throwing off the mound recently when his symptoms returned, this time worse than before. He is also experiencing numbness in his arm and bruising in his shoulder and hand. Carpenter informed Cardinals general manager John Mozeliak of the situation after trying to throw three different times without success. During their conversations, Carpenter expressed concern about how his shoulder will respond to life after baseball, let alone pitching at a high level.
Carpenter's surgery was not an experimental one, but it's not a common one, either. The area affected involves the neurovascular bundle as it passes from the neck and trunk through the shoulder and down the arm, as pictured in Figure 1.
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January 23, 2013 5:00 am
Checking in on injuries to Alex Rodriguez, Mike Napoli, Corey Hart, Jesse Litsch, and more.
Alex Rodriguez
Last year, Ben and I authored a mini-series focusing on common baseball injuries. One of the best-received articles covered hip injuries, focusing on impingement with labral tears—a condition that is becoming increasingly more prevalent in all athletes. You can read that article here. A quick recap: The labrum is a ring of cartilage that deepens the socket for the femoral head to stay in. Cam lesions are bumps off the femoral head that develop over time. The x-ray below illustrates this more clearly:
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November 16, 2012 5:00 am
The AL East was a disaster zone for injuries in 2012.
The American League East was simply not good at keeping their players healthy in 2012. Teams might now decide to invest more in their medical staff, but that's doubtful. However, there is a good shot of these ranking being roughly the same in 2013. With that, let's check the final installment of the year-end injury review.
Division: American League East
November 14, 2012 5:00 am
The Phillies' injuries led to their plunge in the team-health rankings.
In the National League East, only one team, the Miami Marlins, was able to maintain a positive health ranking. The Phillies, on the other hand, took a major health plunge.
Division: National League East
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November 12, 2012 5:00 am
The White Sox are usually one of the industry's injury-prevention leaders, but they were surpassed by a division rival in 2012.
The American League Central is the healthiest division in baseball. This hasn't always been the case, but the White Sox are consistently near the top of the health charts. However, Chicago's rivals are now starting to give it a run for its money.
Division: American League Central
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November 9, 2012 5:56 am
One team known for military training techniques does surprisingly well when it comes to injuries.
This was the last season of the NL Central's six-team division, but it still represented the best and some of the worst in baseball in TAWL.
Division: National League Central
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November 7, 2012 5:00 am
The Rangers and Athletics struggle to keep their teams healthy, while the Mariners pulled off a surprisingly clean season.
There were no significant surprises in the NL West rankings, but in today's column, one team will most likely surprise some about their health record.
Division: American League West
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November 1, 2012 5:00 am
Now that the season is over, here's a recap of the injuries sustained by NL West clubs and how great an impact each injury had.
Now that another year is officially in the books, we can look back and get a clearer picture of just how injuries played a role in each team's record. Using the same methodology as last year, we looked at every team and calculated how much injuries cost each club from a production standpoint. Summarizing the process, we looked at WARP on a plate appearance basis and used data from 2010 -2012 in our calculations. We'll star in the NL West, home of the world champion San Francisco Giants.
Division: National League West
June 25, 2012 5:00 am
Has there been a significant increase in injuries in 2012?
With the emphasis being placed on injuries, it's no wonder why some people are running around like Chicken Little screaming, "The sky is falling!" Headlines scream about injuries and range from "The Year of the Injury Plagues MLB" to "Baseball's Biggest Stars are Hurting." How hard and fast the sky is falling depends on the team you root for. If you live in New England, surely you have heard at least some fans making excuses about the Red Sox' record because of the high number of DL moves. If you cheer for the White Sox or Marlins, injuries probably aren't being brought up too much. So, who is right: those that say that the sky is falling, or those who shrug it off, understanding that Chicken Little is simply over exaggerating? I mean, could it really be that bad across Major League Baseball?
There has to be a reason though why 2012 seems like it's been a bad year for injuries. In order to get an idea of what's going on, I went back and looked at all DL moves between 2005 and now. I also looked at why players were placed on the DL for. What's the injury that pops into your head when you hear a pitcher gets injured? Tommy John Surgery (TJS) is probably one of the top two, so let's start our focus there.
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April 4, 2012 3:00 am
Andrew Bailey will be hitting the surgical table soon, a pitcher finds extra discomfort while vomiting, and the AL East bullpens suddenly look much thinner.
Andrew Bailey, Boston Red Sox (Right Thumb Surgery)
Major acute ligament injuries in the thumb can almost always be attributed to a specific incident. The player may not remember the exact play, but in the following days there will be bruising, swelling, and/or pain. True acute injuries do not just hide and then pop back up 10 days later without something new to aggravate the injury. Bailey was apparently able to pitch a few more times before he felt pain while showering.
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The majority of these immigrants joined the Kibbutzim and part of them have up to this day remained within the Kibbutz movement. In the course of time, immigrants from other movements too, such as Hanoar Hazioni and Hechalutz came to the country, occasionally being followed by other members of their families. In the course of the years preceding World War II, the numbers of immigrants of all kinds from Podhajce increased, and in the course of time reached 15 to 20 complete families.
It is worthwhile mentioning that not all the immigrants who arrived in the country integrated here and stayed on. Those who did not integrate left the country. Some of them who returned to Podhajce unfortunately perished there together with the other family members during the Holocaust.
As was customary during those days, there was no organisational link among those in the country, who originated from our town, and it was everyone's endeavour to integrate in the entirety of the renewed nation in its homeland.
Only towards the end of World War II when the few remained, surviving the holocaust, who were saved in a miraculous manner, by hiding in bunkers or in forests or as refugees in Russia, or posing as Aryans, arrived here, the necessity was felt for a special framework for countrymen who considered it their duty to help as best they could for the rescue, as well as the need for a reunion from time to time to the memory of the martyrs of their town and to eternalise their memory.
The association of those originating from Podhajce in Israel was founded in 1951 and towards the end of this year on December 2nd, 1951, the first meeting of the members of the association was held, and a provisional committee, whose members were Mordechai Merker, Jehuda Weissman, Malka Globus, Feivish Mosberg and the late Yehuda Roll, were elected.
It must be pointed out that our association was established belatedly, after there were many associations from various towns of Galicia and Poland.
During this period, there was, in effect, no connection among our countrymen and it was even difficult to trace their residences in this country; The first to act for the establishment of the association were Mrs. Nechama Merker(nee Stem) and her husband Mr. Mordechai Merker who invested a great deal of effort in assembling the Podhajcers through advertising in the press and on the radio.
It must be placed to the credit of the Podhajcers that they responded to the call of the Provisional Committee and in the first Memorial Service for the martyrs of our town, which took place at the Beit Hachalutzot on January 23, 1952, about 200 of the people of our town, the majority of whom arrived after the holocaust, participated.
[English page 7]
The first memorial service was followed by a long period of absence of activity, and only in the memorial meeting held in 1954, an active committee consisting of the late Meier Zerubavel-Zloczower (the engineer of the Tel-Aviv Municipality) and Mordechai Merker, Yehuda Weissman, Dr. Baruch Milch, Menachem Ettinger, Joseph Schachter, Zvi Goralnik, and the late Yehoshua Stamler, was elected.
The Committee was headed by Meier Zerubavel - chairman, Mordechai Merker-treasurer, Yehuda Weissmann - secretary. This time, too, it was due to Mordechai Merker's and his wife Nechama's efforts that the association's activities was revived and a new committee was elected, who started actual activities.
Since the committee of the association was elected in 1954, an annual memorial service for the.martyrs of our town is held on the 3rd day of Sivan, the day of the liquidation operation in Podhajce. The organisation committee has been active consistently since that time, performing some operations, highlighted by the publication of this book.
The first activity on the agenda was the planting of trees in the Forest of the Martyrs. This operation required the amount of IL1000-.which we had to pay to the Directorate of the Jewish National Fund. Without waiting for the organisation of the appeal of our members to take action, the members of the Committee convened and of their own money collected the sum required for making the agreement with the Jewish National Fund and only subsequently upon receipt of the consideration for the trees from the members of the association, the amount paid by them in advance was gradually refunded to them.
The second activity for eternaIising the memory of the martyrs was the placing of a memorial tablet in the Holocaust Cellar. This operation was perfomed in 1964. At present the memorial tablet for the Podhajce Community is among the memorial tablets of its sister towns, which were destroyed in Galicia and Poland, and now, year by year before to the memorial service, our members proceed to the memorial tablets as to the tomb of their loved ones to pour out their bitter hearts and to moisten with their tears the cold stone symbolising the memory of our relations and dear friends who were murdered al kiddush hashem, for being faithful sons of the one and specific Jewish nation in the world. In financing the setting up of the memorial tablet, thanks to the initiative of our member Mr. Isser Roller the landsmanshaft of our town in the United States participated substantially.
[English page 8]
In the year 1964, the late Meeir Zerubavel who was the chairman of the association since 1954, up to the day of his death, passed away. Close to this date, Mr. Menachem Ettinger was elected chairman of the Association Committee, which office he holds up to the present day. During this period an energetic operation was launched for the publication of the Memorial Book of the Community.
The idea concerning the publication of the Yiscor Book to eternalise the memory of our Community was suggested as far back as 1961 by a number of members headed by Dr. Milch and Mr. Menachem Ettinger and his wife Bluma; however only in the year 1965 a special committee consisting of the members Dr. Baruch Milch, Menachem Ettinger, Yehuda Weissman, Shlomo Walden, Zwi Goralnik, Yehuda Grüssgott, Shraga Hessel, Mrs. Clara (Chaja) Stoop nee Milch, Baruch Shatten, Uri Milstock, Munio Brandwein and others, was elected. The Committee of the Book was entrusted with the task of raising the necessary funds for the publication of the book and concentrating the material for its printing - articles, testimonies, photos etc.
With the commencement of the operation and the appeal for the publication of the memorial book, we felt the necessity of giving the association a legal form and in the year 1965 we registered the organisation as an association in accordance with the Ottoman Law. Advocate Arie Ben Charutz worked out, voluntarily and free of charge, the statutes and had them approved by the authorities and we hereby express to him our gratitude and our esteem.
At the same time an energetic action was launched which made many and frequent session of the members of the committee necessary and which necessitated a great deal of work in sending of invitations, letters, circulars and questionaires to our countrymen in Israel and abroad.
One of the main difficulties with which the committee was faced was inherent in raising the many funds required for publishing the book.
The number of members of our association is not considerable and the majority of them are of moderate means. We applied several times to the Landsmanschaft of our town in the United States, but it was not easy to induce them to come to our help in our efforts to carry out the sacred task which we undertook.
In 1968, during the Passover holidays Dr. Milch, on the occasion of his visit to New York succeeded in organising a Committee consisting of the members Isser Roller, Jehoshua (Shia) Freedman, Mr. Gruber, Mitzio Frish, and Shlomo Reiss who undertook to assist us in the publication of the Book.
|Party of Podhajcer in New York
|Meeting of Podhajcer in New York
[English page 9]
During Dr. Milch's stay in New York, a meeting of our countrymen in the Synagogue of Podhajce emigrants was convened (named after the late Rabbi Benjamin SoInik the author of the book Mas'at Benjamin) where Dr. Milch explained at length the subject of the publication of the book, urging the participants to assist in this task. This operation resulted in raising more than $1000.- which Mr. Roller collected from the Podhajce and surrounding emigrants, which amount was handed to Dr. Milch as the Landsmanshaft's contribution to the publication of the book.
Apart from this, only a few and isolated persons out of our countrymen responded by contributions ranging from $100 to $200 (according to a specification of contributors in the country and abroad attached to this booklet.)
The assistance of two Podhajcers in the United States namely that of Rabbi Wolf Firestone and Mr. Isser Roller must be particularly stressed. Rabbi Firestone himself wrote an article for us on Podhajce Rabbis in their generations and availed himself of every opportunity to urge the members of the Landsmanshaft to come to our help. Mr. Isser Roller and his wife Hanah (nee Grossman) continued in their activity for our interest. and remitted to us some hundreds of dollars which they collected among the members of our Landsmanshaft in the United States.
It is interesting to note that among our countrymen in the United States, who had an indifferent attitude towards the publication of the book and even showed opposition, there were also some new immigrants who arrived there after WorId War II, and who felt all the terrible events of the Holocaust. Even among the members who were elected to the Book Committee in New York, there were some who opposed this idea. There were also some among our countrymen in Israel who disassociated themselves from this activity, among them were such who were financially sound and those gifted with eloquence, who refrained from any material and spiritual participation in the publication of this book.
It was not easy to concentrate material for the memorial book. We addressed ourselves at every occasion to the Podhajce in Israel and abroad, requesting them to furnish us with descriptions and memories on the life of our town in the near and distant past so that the book may truly illustrate the status and significance of the Podhajce Community which was destroyed. In the course of time our call had a certain response and material was accumulated, which made it possible for us to contract an editor for putting it into print, by editing and translation.
The editor Mr. Sh. Geshouri also agreed to make an historical survey on the strength of the material found in various historic sources and thanks to this, at the beginning of the book, there is an interesting and comprehensive survey of the history, giving an idea on the history of the town and the Jewish Community in it from the beginning of its foundation up to the close of its tragic annihilation.
[English page 10]
There is also a contribution (in Yiddish) written by Mr. Nachman Blumenthal, who comes from our area (from the town of Borszczow) and a monography written by him on a forgotten author named Oizarkis, who lived in our town towards the end of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century. We were also instructed by Dr. Kermish, the director of the archives of Yad-Va-Shem; and by the late Professor Abraham Weiss, who comes from our town and who, during the last years, lived in Jerusalem.
From the Yad- Va-Shem archives we received some important testimonies on the events during the period of the holocaust, which are included in the last part of the book, describing the destruction of the Jewish community in our town. This part also. includes a detailed report on the struggle to rescue a number of families, which was written by Mrs. Henya Shourtz of our town.
One of the most important and most difficult problems was the concentration of the names of the Holocaust victims of our town and the surroundings with a view to etemalising them in the book so that their memory should not pass into oblivion in the course of the generations.
A countless number of times we applied to the people of our town, stressing the great importance we attach to submission of full and properly arranged lists of the names of everyones relatives, friends and acquaintances; and indeed we received many lists of names of people who perished during the Holocaust, but there is no certainty that the list is indeed complete and that there are no defects and various distortions and we solicit our members indulgence and understanding for each phenomenon of this kind, only considering the objective difficulties with which we were faced.
Finally we would like to express our appreciation to all those who did not spare their efforts and time in helping us to publish this book, and in particular to the committee members Dr. Baruch Milch, Mr. Menachem Ettinger and his wife, Mrs. Clara Stoop and Messrs. Weissman, Walden und Merker, who carried on their shoulders the main responsibility for this extensive and prolonged activity. Our particular appreciation goes to those not of our town, who engaged in the publication of this book, to the Editor Mr. M. Sh. Gehsori, the proof reader Mr. Lindenberg and to Ot printing press, Tel-Aviv, who took care of the printing of the book, which is so precious to all of us.
|Podhajcer Attending Yizkor Ceremony
in Yaar Hakdoshim (Forest of "Holy Memories")
[English page 11]
It was in the summer, three months after the first liberation by irregular Soviet troops, who after a ten days stay in our town were compelled to withdraw eastwards and again leave the town and the surroundings under a cruel regime of the Nazis. For this reason I did not find the whole small group of Jews who remained here and were rescued, as part of them fled eastwards with the retreating Russian troops.
In fact, I was not present in Podhajce together with all my dear relatives and friends during the time of the main destruction and therefore did not have the privilege of seeing the destruction of my native town with my own eyes in its last hours, the town where I was raised, where I studied and where most of my dear and numerous family of more than twelve persons perished (my parents, two of my sisters with their husbands and children, my brother Joseph with his wife and two daughters). I did not then know that I remained the only one and the last of the entire family. Only some time later I found out that my younger brother, Nathan, who was recruited into the Soviet Army in 1940, fell near Stalingrad. I left my family as far back as 1939, and was expelled by the Soviets who found my family as being burgeoise, the same way they found this defect with other middle class Jewish families and they provided their identity cards with the sign of Cain - paragraph ll. This tragic paragraph prevented aU those unfortunate holders of this certificate from full movement, and full access only to certain places. The possibilities of study for children were limited and and now they sometimes were in for criminal trials, jail and the like.
And now my tum came. As the son of a family with the ill-famed paragraph II in my identity card, I was transferred as a physician to another town - to the town of Tluste, Galicia, with a charming Jewish community, and fate wanted it, that I should remain there during almost the whole period of the Holocaust. My activity there is to some extent described in the Memorial Book that appeared on behalf of those who originate from this town, in Israel. In this town I lost my nearest family, who were murdered cruelly and tragically. My only son, aged 3, was buried alive in a mass grave while he was still embraced in the arms of my sister-in-law Clara Weinles, a beautiful 17 year-old girl, who during one of the operations got a bullet in her head and fell together with the child alive into the ditch together with hundreds of others killed. The same day they took with them, out of the bunker where I hid them, my mother-in-law the late Mrs. Rachel Weinles,whom they murdered. I found this out one day after I returned to town. In this town I also lost my first wife Peppi Milch nee Weinles who was taken out with her sister-in-law Eve and her 3 1/2 years old son from an underground hiding place in a field and both were murdered by the SS and their Ukrainian assistants. On arriving at Podhajce and at the first sight of my destroyed town, I imagined in my mind and in my heart all that it and its people underwent during the three years of the destruction when I was away. Even before I met with and talked to the Jewish people of Podhajce, before my eyes passed all the events and scenes of the seven stages of purgatory as I saw at Tluste and which was the fate met by all the Jewish settlements and communities in Poland, and suddenly before my
[English page 12]
eyes there were again scenes of the Ghetto, operations, expulsions from homes, rooms full of hungry children and sick people with all kinds of infectious diseases. All the things that I already saw in another place and which was exactly similar to the goings-on here, since as a physician I had on more than one occasion access to places which were prohibited to others. I had the terrible privilege to come face to face with the horror. And again .I saw with my own eyes Jews with their bundles, property and belongings who were expelled from place to place, from village to town, from street to street, from house to house and from room to room, and I saw - my eyes were spared no sights - hundreds of human corpses of innocent people systematically murdered in a most satanic way and with every murderer's device. Some of them were caught and sent to camps from which they never came back, and they never saw the faces of their families, as happened with my abovementioned brother-in-law the late Auzias Walfish. Some of them were shot on the spot or died of starvation, of disease or of inhuman beatings. There were others who died a slow death of congestion, frost and bad clothing, of typhus and desyntheria, and by this proved and cruel method the Nazi murderers also destroyed our town Podhajce.
However, my suffering was still greater when I brought up in my memory the town of Podhajce which once was a town full of Jewish life where there was a class of Jewish intelligencia, of Rabbis, of leading businessmen, of excellent craftsmen, scientists and men of repute and ordinary happy Jewish families, from amongst the people. And what is left of all this? Everything turned to dust and ashes, everything destroyed and not existing any longer. Jewish Podhajce strangled in the Ghetto, in cellars, in bunkers, in deep ditches, in forests, in camps and in mass graves. And then I fell into thoughts until my decision ripened not to refrain from any efforts until I will have succeeded to express in some way and to some extent and to eternalise in some form at least part of this big tragedy within the framework of the Memorial Book of our town, where the blood of my family, my relatives my friends and my acquaintances, were shed; a town which in my inner-most exists with all its might and the memory of which will never leave my thought.
It was Sunday when I arrived at Podhajce. In one of the main streets of the town, (Brezezianska) where they used to go from the Greek Catholic (Ukrainian) Church to the Centre of the town (Market Square), I met the majority of the Ukrainian population of the town and its outskirts on leaving the church, after they had finished their prayers. They were mostly youngsters and women with many children, all of them uninhibited and gay. When I looked at them I felt as if recently they underwent nothing, nor did they suffer from anything. They were all dressed in their Sunday best with holiday faces. They talked amongst themselves in a loud voice and even laughed, not paying any attention to the many stones on the repaired pavements, on which they walked, and which were taken from the tombstones of the Jewish Municipal Cemetery, on which the inscriptions, the names of the deceased and dates, were apparent.
It was at that time already that I was sure, that among the mass leaving the church there were many who collaborated with the Nazi gangsters and in those there were many who got rich from plundering from Jews. They were possibly not happy with the political situation and the regime upon the entry of the Soviets to our area. Howewer I saw and felt the satisfaction and gratification by the gentiles, which even included their good elements who saw murdering of the Jews as the finger of God, as a punishment for murdering Jesus... Some of them who hardly recognised me, said hello to me, wondering at the sight of their eyes as they did not believe that I remained alive, and certainly regretted it.
[English page 13]
It is very difficult to put on paper my feeling upon my coming to Podhajce and my meeting with the first of the survivors. I found that the survivors huddled together and lived in congestion, the only reason for this being that they wished to find some warmth and encouragement. I did not even find a grain of joy in this sad meeting. We were all pervaded by a heavy load of memories, nightmares, and tears strangled our voices.
We were still in a maze and had no mental capacity to get used to the idea that only we, the few who were here, survived with all our dear ones taken away from us. It was then that I remembered the saying of our sages: anyone maintaining one soul of Israel is considered as if having maintained the whole world; and indeed after this destruction and annihilation of our people in Poland and other countries, each surviving Jewish soul was considered a world of its own. I enquired into the tribulations of the life of every one of the survivors and as to how he succeeded in remaining alive. They finally gave in to my entreaties and opened their hearts to me. We heard of the horrid operations; of the operations of the Judenrat, on the Ordnungsdiensten, on the plundering of the property and the various murderous methods up to the liquidation of the Ghetto, on expropriation and penalties. The atmosphere in the town was tense, about 70% of the Jewish residential homes, shops and synagogues were razed to the ground, and on the other hand, the majority of the other buildings, amongst which was the building of the great Synagogue, their appearance was like after a pogrom or a great fire. Not even roofs were to be seen, only broken windows and doors, bare walls and rooms without furniture. Only in a few houses of Jews there were Christians living past neighbours or farmers from the outskirts, some of whom were once employed with the Jews as workers, wood choppers, domestic servants and the like. With many, the plundered Jewish property remained. On the other hand, in the houses that were in a better condition, the government offices installed themselves and part of them were occupied by Soviet officials. Unfortunately, all my families houses, mine, that of my parents, my sisters and my brothers, remained intact and they were occupied by Christians of the folk or from Russia.
I entered my parents home, next to the Government house, on which the sign POWIAT was apparent. There I found two Christian families, one of our former domestic servant and the family of the worker who once was employed by my parents. On seeing me entering, I saw how surprised they were, and nevertheless they appeared as if they were happy that I survived whereas in point of fact, they were concerned for themselves and sad. They did not talk to me at all about the past, and only enquired what I was going to do. They suggested that I stay overnight with them and naturally I did not think of accepting their advice as otherwise I could not today have brought up these memories.
The few survivors who gathered from their hiding places, from the surroundings, from the forests and bunkers, all of them lived together on one house, that of Mordechai Lehrer in the centre of the town, fearing the nationalist Ukrainians who might want to destroy them, thus leaving no trace of the local Jews, who could one day testify against them or claim the return of the robbed property. We all went to the mass grave, to pray in public and to say Kaddish in memory of the martyrs, and only with the greatest difficulty could a Minyan be gathered as only two families remained alive completely, namely the Gross and the Shurtz family. The others were lonely men or lonely women. One of the survivors showed me a photo of a mass grave which was open, as some days before a government committee of Shernik came whose members went from place to place to investigate Nazi crimes.
[English page 14]
It was a heartbreaking experience to look at the photo where we saw the various parts of bodies of hundreds of people - men, women and children who were murdered. on the spot. According to the information I received, my parents, too, were murdered. there. This happened in the course of one of the last operations at Holendra in the direction of the Brzezan road out of town.
|Mr. I. Schourtz standing next to the
tombstone of the holy victims in Holendra
The ditch was now covered with fresh soil,entirely even and there was calm and tranquillity all round, not even the rustling of leaves or the twittering of birds, as is sometimes heard in a cemetery, as there was no tree on the spot. We took a big sheet of paper on which we wrote a brief history of this mass grave with dates. We introduced this sheet into a secure bottle which we closed and buried it very deep next to the grave. So far as for the history of this mass grave.
The following day I went out to the second mass grave of the martyrs of Podhajce and the surroundings which is at a greater distance from the town in the direction of the village Zahajce.
This visit was prone with the danger of death, as the road there was next to a Ukrainian village from which there was a danger on the part of the Bandero gangs. I was therefore warned not to expose myself to this danger by leaving the borders of the town by myself, as the intelligenzia was a special target they sought to liquidate .
I was moreover told that a week ago the only surviving Jewish pharmacist was murdered. This was Chaimke Weitraub, who went from Podhajce in a carriage to the neighbouring town Brzezany to bring some remedies and to reopen the local pharmacy, whom the Banderowce murdered in cold blood in the forest next to the village Muzilow.
I also understood that when the Germans declared Podhajce as Jew-free (Judenrein) they took the survivors of all the operations, who were strong people and in good health, under the pretext that they were being moved to the labour camp in Tarnopol (amongst them there was also the entire family of my brother Joseph) but when they arrived out of town they were all shot and murdered. Here on the spot of the mass grave an entirely different picture presented itself. Here on the place of the grave the soil sank for about one meter below the ground level of the surrounding area, which was all covered with thorns and wild flowers. In some spots there were holes and inclines, and it was really dangerous to pass on the spot. A special odour was felt, which helped to find the ditch. I stood there for about half an hour hanging around by myself on the spot, and again before my eyes passed the terrible scene of which I was an eye-witness at the time two days after one of the big operations at Tluste, where hundreds of Jews with their children were murdered and buried alive in a mass grave, and among them my only three year-old son.
[English page 15]
Then, indeed, two days after the murder, there was an entirely different picture from the present one. Then the ground of the mass-grave was raised above the level, and each time it was raised higher whereas in another place it sank. Between the furrow there were streams of blood and other liquids, and a terrible odour of death pervaded the air. In consequence of the gas emanating from the bodies which were buried alive, one could see individual limbs or some hand raised into the air, as if demanding revenge for the bloodshed. Also now when I stood in front of this terrible ditch, I found in the surroundings some remains, tom clothes, children's shoes, broken objects and fragments of silverware, which the victims got rid of in the last moments. In this terrible place also empty bullet shells and empty bottles, originating from the murderer's drinks, were lying around This sight made my blood run cold and the wrong cried up to heaven. In these moments, I was oblivious of the whole world, and I was enwrapped in this poor blood that was shed. When all this happened the heads of Governments in the various countries, who now talk highly about truth and justice, remained silent in their impotence to do something against the barbaric actions of the blood-thirsty Germans.
With a broken heart and eyes red from crying I left the fraternal grave. Gradually I came back to myself and I returned to town. I made a round of the town, and though it was an ordinary week-day, the sight of the town was as if on the eve of Yom Kippur- a quiet day without traffic and life, without open shops as in olden days before the Holocaust.
Cars were non-existent; apart from isolated carriages, no vehicles were seen and apart from some soldiers of the Red Army or Soviet Officials there was no living soul in the street. I also did a round. of the Jewish cemetery and found it fenceless, forsaken and neglected. The house with the room for prayers next to the door, and also the gate itself, were destroyed and only some high trees and remains of tombstones remained there on the whole area. It was indeed the rustling of the trees and grass that made one think that at any rate there was still the Holy Spirit in the air, guarding the dead buried beneath the soil, and it was as if the spirit was saying that not everything yet was lost and there was still a watchful eye.
Then I made for the great Synagogue which I entered, and which was deserted and open, doorless and windowless. Inside I did not find a trace of the Holy Ark, and only here and there bits of the Holy Books or bits of paper, written in Hebrew, were seen. Also here deadly silence of the vicinity, the sound of the draught through the windows and the twittering of the night bird made a terrifying impression, and I could not hold back my urge to cry. I saw God's House destroyed by the impure and was filled with feelings of anger and revenge for what was perpetrated by people claiming education and culture... It was not easy for me to leave the destroyed sanctity, where I once spent pleasant hours in the company of relatives and friends on Saturdays, holidays and week days alike and this brought up in my memory the poetry the Holy City and its surroundings became the scene of shame and looting.
I left the synagogue, and looked round. Here was the centre of the town with the side Streets that once reverberated with gay Jewish life, now almost deserted, aImost empty - a barren desert. The block of houses in the centre of the town, which existed for hundreds of years and the stores, ninety percent of which belonged to the Jews, were definitely destroyed and each time I passed through one of the streets, or entered a deserted house, it was as if I expected to hear the voices of living people, and it was some strange feeling that compelled me to run away quickly from the place.
[English page 16]
The Ghetto area offered a particularly shocking sight. I went into Moshe Lieblich's house, which during the Diaspora period served as a store for the property of the Jews who were murdered during the operations, and even then there were remains of clothes and broken tools of Jews who died. In my view it would be worth while to preserve those items as a Holy memory - but who is going to do this work?
I was at Podhajce three to four days and I scoured the town through its length and width and with my own eyes I saw the destruction of the Jewish community. I investigated and asked acquaintances and others about relatives and distant friends, when I found that none of my near or distant family had remained alive.
After I had arrived at the bitter and terrible Full-stop, I could see I no longer had business in this town and I decided to leave it forthwith. However, even this was not of the easiest things, on account of lack of regular transport and danger on the roads. The majority of the local offices were only partly organised, and the same Ukrainians who previously collaborated with the Germans now were working there, and when I entered any office to get information or any assistance, these officials enquired into how I had succeeded to remain alive, when others perished, or: why did not the Jews defend themselves? And each time I had to give them again a new lecture on our precarious position during the Nazi period, though there was no need to add a great deal to what was common knowledge.
They were however unwilling to admit that each defence was doomed to failure, in view of the hostile Ukrainian neighbourhood, who helped the enormous military power of the Germans. The fate of the Polish population bore witness to this, since after they had finished with the Jews they started liquidating the Poles in our surroundings, who did not succeed either to defend themselves. At that time I did not know about the uprising of the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto; however, I told them about the passive resistance and defence with heroic deeds which occurred in many places and in Podhajce, for which I had evidence from the survivors.
I heard of the heroic death of the woman pharmacist Ornstein and Bertha Dauber and Leibush Lilienfeld, who poisoned themselves in the middle of the operation. They told me about the active resistance of a young man named Kovash Mates in our town- a former officer in the Polish Army -- who, while the operation was going on, drew a gun from his pocket and shot a German. Unfortunately this was not of much avail. Policemen got hold of the young man whom they did not shoot, but they beat him to death. The same day half of the Jewish Ordnungsdienst was wiped out. I pointed out to the officials, to whom I talked, the heroic deeds of the Jews and of the partisans, who inflicted all kinds of sabotage on the Germans, when for some time they lived under a clandestine Christian name or were wandering in the forest with anti-Nazi groups, as myself did when I was connected with the underground and the Polish resistance movement.
This was the only way of survival. There were cases, when after most of the family were murdered, some took up arms and others resisted without arms, and at a moment of lack of any other choice those defenceless mustered unusual courage and through heroic deeds succeeded in saving themselves in the last moment from annihilation. My narrations to the officials on the heroic deeds, while the sword of the destruction was on their very throats, sounded in their ears like cock and bull stories or fairy tales.
In my heart of hearts there is no doubt what they thought: pity that these few are still alive...
They showed no intention of assisting me in anything in my endeavour to leave the town and to return to my medical work as the Director of the Municipal Hospital at Zaleszczyki, where I was due to be back at a certain time.
[English page 17]
Fortunately, on Thursday a soldiers convoy appeared, which was en route to the Tarnopol district. I availed myself of this opportunity and joined it, and thus I succeeded to leave this God forsaken place, which at one time was so close to my heart. I took leave of a small group of survivors, as they did not concentrate in one place, fearing that they would be caught and sent to forced labour to the Dombas as was then customary, and the others were engaged in various preparations to leave the town where they suffered so much and where they were now left with their sad memories.
Particularly ardent was their desire to take advantage of the repatriation law' (the return of refugees to Western Poland) and thus to remove themselves more and more from this town, coming as close as possible to a safer place.
Everyone hoped to find some family or a good friend among the Jews of the United States or of Palestine, with the help of whom they would be able to reestablish themselves. On leaving the town, it was difficult for me to take my eyes off it and not look behind, and in my heart I thought: What a pity that there is one stone left in this town, and prayed to God that it would all go up in flames and that no memory of it or its inhabitants should be left, like Sodom and Gomorrah.
The whole town was worthy of the punishment of destruction after the annihilation of the Jews, since but for their help the Germans would have been incapable of perpetrating their crime of this total destruction. The Ukrainians were not embarrassed to admit that that is indeed what they wanted and no desire of theirs was more ardent than this, namely that there should not be a single living Jew left in the town, so that there would be no one left to strive for vengeance for the blood of his brethren whose only crime was their Jewishness and their Hebrew race.
I returned from Podhajce to Zaleszczyki, the place of my work, all broken from this sight in my native town and mentally depressed from the terrible crisis that befell my people. I did not believe that I could still muster strength to start a new and orderly life and to cut my losses, or that the tragedy that I underwent on the loss of my dear and beloved ones should pass into oblivion.
The fact that I did muster the strength and obtained new forces from nature and succeeded in reaching safe ground does not mean that we are free to forget our martyrs without erecting some memory for those who perished during the Holocaust of the Nazi period.
The crying voices of our martyrs ask for revenge. and we cannot turn a blind eye to what we were told in the Torah: Thou shalt remember what Amalek did to you
|Dr. B. Milch Identity Card
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