text:
Irish Canadian Rangers Visit to Ireland
The Film
Running Time
08 min 24 s
British Topical Committee for War Films
Compilation showing Irish Guards, 16th (Irish) Division and 36th (Ulster) Division on the Western Front between late 1915 and the middle of 1917, and a Canadian battalion touring Ireland, 1917.
Connaught Rangers (?) probably in a training area, throwing smoke grenades and charging forward. Damage done to a "well constructed German dugout". A British 60-pounder battery being shelled. German soldiers helping to carry trophies and wounded of 16th Division, Somme area, late 1916. 36th (Ulster) Division staff, including Major- General Nugent, and some of its troops. Graves just behind the Irish Guards line. A church parade in memory of the dead. Major Redmond's grave in the Hospice at Locre. Irish and Australian walking wounded, posed for the camera, just arrived at Dover (?). A tour round Ireland in June 1917 of Canadian 55th Battalion, (Duchess of Connaughts Own Irish Canadian Rangers), under Colonel O'Donoughie. They go through Cork, Belfast, Blarney Castle and Limerick, ending with a sermon preached for them by Cardinal Logue in Armagh Cathedral where the battalion colours were laid up for the wars duration.
British propaganda towards Ireland during the war was understated and covert, at least in films. This episode makes no effort to enlist sympathy for the British cause or the Irish soldiers. It merely provides evidence for the fact that the British Army on the Western Front contained a number of organised formations made up exclusively of Irishmen.
Pieces of History
The Great Transformation
Executive Director of The Historica Foundation of Canada
According to the distinguished historian John Keegan, żthe written history of the world is largely a history of warfare, because the states within which we live came into existence largely through conquest, civil strife or struggles for independence.ż1 World War I certainly proves Keeganżs thesis for it was one of the tipping events of world history: 20 million people died, the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, and Ottoman Empires disintegrated, new states like Iraq and Yugoslavia were born, newly powerful states like Japan emerged, the League of Nations was invented and the European age which had dominated the world since the 16th century gave way to the ascendance of the United Sates. Millions of husbands, sons, fathers and brothers responded to the call of arms in 1914 and after burying their dead, when they returned to their homes in 1918, the world they had set out to defend had been changed almost beyond recognition.
Canada was far from immune to this transformation by war. In 1914 Canada was still a colony of Great Britain: when Great Britain went to war so did Canada. In 1901 about 60% of Canadażs population still lived in rural areas and manufacturing played a little part in Canadian exports compared to wheat, lumber or minerals. Canada was still a Victorian nation in morals and culture. Women did not have the vote and their accepted place was at home raising a family, not in the workforce. There was no income tax, and few government regulations: the Victorian tradition of laissez-faire, or little government, still prevailed.
George Woodcock calls the 19th century, żthe century that made us.ż 2 Two popular novels describe well the Victorian Canada of 1914: Sara Jeanette Duncanżs The Imperialist (1904) rhapsodized about the mission of the British Empire and Canadażs role within it. Meanwhile, Louis Hémonżs famous novel, Maria Chapdelaine (1913) equally extolled Quebec agriculture and the virtues of the Church.3 But the imperial certainties of English Canada and the agricultural Roman Catholic mission of French Canada, were both about to be shattered on the anvil of war. Nellie McClung, at her cottage north of Winnipeg in 1914, wrote with foreboding, as her son Jack clamoured to enlist; żinstinctively we felt that we had to come to the end of a very pleasant chapter in our life as a family; something had disturbed the peaceful quiet of our lives; somewhere a drum was beating and a fife was calling.ż4
Canadażs contributions to the war effort were immense. With a total population of 8 million there were about 3 million Canadians of working age, one million and a half of whom were men or potential soldiers. Prime Minister Robert Borden pledged a force structure of 500,000, hoping that a third of all eligible Canadian men would volunteer! In comparison, today in peace time, we have a population four times greater with a military just 10% of the size of our World War I predecessors. What is even more amazing, as Desmond Morton writes in Canadażs contributions to the war effort were immense. With a total population of 8 million there were about 3 million Canadians of working age, one million and a half of whom were men or potential soldiers. Prime Minister Robert Borden pledged a force structure of 500,000, hoping that a third of all eligible Canadian men would volunteer! In comparison, today in peace time, we have a population four times greater with a military just 10% of the size of our World War I predecessors. What is even more amazing, as Desmond Morton writes in A Military History of Canada, is that combining the 232,968 men who volunteered for the infantry, the thousands more who volunteered for the Royal Navy or Royal Flying Corps, the reservists, etc, żby 1917, though no one realized it, Bordenżs target was close to being reached.ż 5
This army fought well, especially at Vimy Ridge. The Canadians were the first to feel the onslaught of what today we call żweapons of mass destruction,ż when in April, 1915, soldiers of the First Canadian Division were chemically gassed at Ypres. On Easter Monday, April 9, 1917, at Vimy Ridge the Canadian Army made history. For the first time the four Canadian divisions were on the same battlefield, led by a Canadian Commander, Sir Arthur Currie, rather than a British officer. After four days of fighting the Ridge was captured and Canadians had taken more land, cannons and prisoners than all previous British offensives. But the cost was high. Over 3,000 Canadians died at Vimy Ridge and 7,000 were wounded. In all, 60,000 Canadians died in the mud of France, a sacrifice immortalized in 1915 by John McCraeżs poem żIn Flanders Fields.ż
The hundreds of thousands of Canadians who enlisted fought to preserve the Victorian Canada that they loved, but in fighting to preserve it they contributed to a process that changed it utterly. Canada entered the war as a colony and emerged as a nation. When the League of Nations was founded in 1919, Canada was a member in its own right. In 1926, a Canadian Embassy was established in Washington, and the Balfour Declaration proclaimed that Britain and the dominions were equal in stature. In 1931 the Statute of Westminster legally ended the colonial status of Canada. When Canada again went to war in 1939, it did so as an independent, sovereign country.
Wars release passions, both good and bad. The incredible patriotism of Canadians who enlisted for the war effort contributed to the development of a Canadian nationality which was eventually expressed internatio-nally, but it also led to great stress at home. Suspicion of non-Anglo-Saxons was strong and 80,000 żenemy aliens,ż a majority of them Ukrainians, were forced to register. Those who failed to register were interned in camps, and more than 8,000 Canadians suffered this injustice.
Even more bitter was the dispute over conscription. Canadians volunteered in droves but the 500,000 force objective was a tremendous undertaking, and the infantry need to be replenished after the losses in France. In 1917, Prime Minister Borden decided to conscript or draft 100,000 Canadians who had been exempt from military service or chose not to volunteer. Canadians were bitterly divided everywhere over the draft, but in Quebec especially, there were demonstrations and riots. In January 1918, Joseph-Napoleon Francoeur, a Liberal member, tabled the first separatist motion in the history of the Quebec Assembly. Borden persevered: 100,000 men were eventually called up, 50,000 crossed the Atlantic, and 25,000 saw service in France. But for 25,000 men, Canada endured a deep divide.
If war unleashed the evil spirits of ethnic and racial division, it also unshackled social and economic conventions. With hundreds of thousands of men at the front, women entered the workforce: 30,000 women, for example, worked in munitions factories. With women making such a large contribution to the war effort, it was hard to deny them the vote. Activist Nellie McClung persuaded the Manitoba Legislature in 1916 to be the first province to grant women the vote, and the Federal government followed suit in 1918. The war also contributed to industrialization with the Imperial Munitions Board becoming Canadażs biggest business. By 1918, for example, Canada was exporting $18 million worth of cars and trucks to add to its traditional wheat and lumber shipments, and Sam McLaughlin of Oshawa became a founder of General Motors. Along with industrialization, cities grew, with 50% of Canadażs population urban based by the 1920żs. The Canada of Maria Chapdelaine was no more.
Growing cities and an industrial economy called, in turn, for a more active government, and during the war years Canada left laissez-faire behind. The Canadian Northern and Grand Trunk railways were nationalized to eventually become the CNR. If the Borden government was conscripting war, there was a persistent demand that it also conscript wealth. In 1917, Sir Thomas White introduced the Income War Tax Act, and we have had personal income taxes ever since. Robert Craig Brown and Ramsay Cook have summarized the economic impact of the war years thusly, żBy 1918 the free-wheeling economic activity and business practices of pre-war years had been replaced by government regulations and in a vital sector of the economy, a heavy dose of government ownership.ż6
George Woodcock may be right that it was the 19th century that made us: most assuredly, it was the Great War of 1914-1918 that transformed us.
1 John Keegan, A History of Warfare (New York: Random House, 1994), p. 386.
2George Woodcock, The Century that Made Us: Canada 1814-1914 (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1989).
3 This point is well-made by Ramsay Cookżs chapter, żThe Triumph and Trials of Materialism (1900-1945)ż in The Illustrated History of Canada edited by Craig Brown, (Toronto: Lester and Orpen Denys, 1987), p. 375.
4Quoted in Don Gillmor, Achille Michaud and Pierre Turgeon, Canada: A Peopleżs History, Volume Two (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 2001), p.91.
5 Desmond Morton, A Military History of Canada (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1999), p.136.
6 Robert Craig Brown and Ramsay Cook, Canada 1896-1921: A Nation Transformed (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1974) p.247.
Was The Great War Canada's War Of Independence?
Professor of History at McGill University
During 52 months, the Great War, 1914-18, hastened the death of over 20 million people, demolished all but one of Europe's six empires and created enough yearning for vengeance to bring on a world war barely twenty years later that killed three times as many people. To argue that this terrible event also helped determine the future shape of Canada seems impertinently trivial.
The fact remains that the Great War persuaded most Canadians to support their own autonomy. In 1914, the pan-Canadian nationalism of Henri Bourassa or John Skirving Ewart was easily ignored. As prime minister, Sir Robert Borden's vision of Canada was as a leader of a world-girdling British imperial federation controlled by His Majesty's white subjects. War in 1914 was a splendid excuse to show that Canada's loyalty knew no limits.
Within three years, a million Canadian men had volunteered for the war, at least one in every two men of military age. By the war's end in 1919, Canada had torn itself apart and bankrupted itself to sustain its war effort; 60,000 of its men were dead and many more would suffer mental or physical mutilation for the rest of their lives. In an Imperial War Cabinet, Canada's prime minister had helped decide imperial strategy, including an invasion of revolutionary Russia to restore Czarist authority and to restore the alliance of 1914.
In retrospect and even at the time, other decisions were far more important. At Versailles in June 1919, Canadians signed the ill-fated peace treaty under their own name, indented like the other Dominions, it was true, under the United Kingdom. In September 1916, Canada asserted its own direct authority over its soldiers overseas and created a new Ministry of Overseas Force to exercise control. The reform was needed to clean up the mess Canadians themselves had helped create when they entrusted their war effort to a partially insane Sir Sam Hughes, but the decision asserted Canada's extra-territorial sovereignty long before the Statute of Westminster in 1931.
By 1918, Sir Arthur Currie, Canadian-born commander of the Canadian Corps in France, exercised authority in keeping his four divisions together that no British commander would have dared assert. "...we must look upon them in the light in which they wish to be looked upon," confessed the Earl of Derby to a resentful Field Marshal Haig, "rather than the light in which we would wish to do so."1 Borden had made the point a month earlier when he arrived in London, furious at the waste of 13,000 Canadian soldiers in the hopeless Passchendaele offensive. After he heard the Canadian leader, British prime minister David Lloyd George summoned the generals and forced them to listen. "Let the past bury its dead," thundered the usually taciturn Borden, "but for God's sake let us get down to earnest endeavour." If there were more Passchendaeles, he warned, not a single Canadian would sail for Europe.
There had been no such questions or reservations in 1914. Colonel Sam Hughes had thrown away the official mobilization plans and commanded militia colonels to bring their men to Valcartier, a sandy plain outside Quebec City. Within a month 33,000 volunteers covered the plain with their tents. In September they were formally attested under the British Army Act as "Imperials," soldiers raised in a British colony and subject to British military law. How else could they serve abroad? Seventy per cent of them were British born.
In April 1915, the raw Canadians faced their first trial in badly built trenches in front of the Belgian city of Ypres. It was a disaster. In a few days, the Canadians lost over half their fighting strength in dead, wounded and those taken prisoner. The men fell back to their reserve trenches, leaving their useless Canadian-made rifles behind. One brigadier stayed in his dugout with Sam Hughes's son as companion. Another wandered back, looking for help. A Canadian colonel turned up drunk in Boulogne while his men headed to German salt mines as prisoners.
Was it a national humiliation? No. The Germans had cheated by using poison gas. Official figures showed only three Canadian dead from gas but that was a detail. Hughes's Canadian-born pal, Max Aitken, owner of London's Daily Express, had gained access to France as "Canadian Eyewitness." He returned the favour with a quick book, Canada in Flanders, giving a vivid, if fictional, portrayal of Canadians as rugged, sharp-shooting farmers, cowboys and frontiersmen overcoming impossible odds. Conscious of Canadian sensitivity, the British commander, Sir John French, wisely claimed that the Canadians "had saved the situation." To Canadians at home, St. Julien, Kitchener's Wood, Gravenstafel Ridge and Ypres entered their language as triumphs of courage and sacrifice for a new nation, much as Paardeberg in the Boer War had ended as a Canadian victory. Canada may have been British but Canadian soldiers had become the team to cheer for.
How Canadian was the team? Until June 1917, British generals commanded the Canadian division and, when it expanded in 1915 and 1916 to four divisions, the Canadian Corps. As historian W. B. Kerr remembered, the British accents of "Old Originals" dominated the non-commissioned ranks well into 1917. Carefully chosen British staff officers tried to keep their inexperienced Canadian generals from making fools of themselves. Lieutenant-General Sir Julian Byng -- "Bungo" to his British chums — re-shaped the Canadian Corps and transformed its tactics from the disastrous Somme offensives.3 Finally, after days of bombardment had shattered the German artillery and drove defenders insane, on Easter Sunday 1917, the four Canadian divisions rose from trenches and tunnels and walked forward under driving snow to capture Vimy Ridge. At a cost of 10,000 dead and wounded that seemed almost bearable by 1917, the Canadians delivered the first unequivocal Allied victory on the Western Front.
Nations are made by doing great things together, said the French historian Ernest Renan. Taking Vimy Ridge was a great thing a hundred thousand Canadians had done together. Colonel Thomas Tremblay's 22e bataillon canadien-francais had been there with 47 others. Of course the "Vandoos" did not include French Canadians who read Nations are made by doing great things together, said the French historian Ernest Renan. Taking Vimy Ridge was a great thing a hundred thousand Canadians had done together. Colonel Thomas Tremblay's 22e bataillon canadien-francais had been there with 47 others. Of course the "Vandoos" did not include French Canadians who read Le Devoir, cheered Henri Bourassa and denounced the war.4 Nor did it include the "enemy aliens" Canada interned in the thousands, nor many of the German-Canadian citizens of Berlin, Ontario, coerced to re-name their city for Lord Kitchener, Britain's War Secretary.5
Sir Robert Borden's response to Vimy was to recognize that the losses had to be replaced. Since volunteers had stopped coming, the initial pledge of a war fought solely by the willing could not be sustained. A complex, almost unworkable system of conscription would follow. If Canada was a country of two nations, one might slowly draw triumph from Vimy; the other would draw broken promises, betrayal and defeat.
Not even Vimy Ridge convinced Canadians to see themselves as a single nation. Nor could their prime minister, a colourless politician with little empathy for French Canada or the West. Sir Robert Borden was a deeply conscientious man, profoundly moved by the suffering he encountered when he devoted every spare minute overseas to visiting military hospitals. His imperial convictions cracked under the indolent defeatism he encountered in Whitehall in 1915, when he found most British ministers absent for the grouse-hunting season. Only the one minister he had been prepared to despise as a pacifist and radical, David Lloyd George, was utterly intent on his job as Minister of Munitions. When Lloyd George became prime minister, after a coup partly engineered by Max Aitken, he summoned the Dominion premiers to London. "We need their men," he explained, "We must consult them."
That winter, Borden had learned some grim facts. Americans had entered the war but had yet to create an army. Russia was collapsing; so might the French, with their army dissolving in mutinies. At sea, German U-boats had brought Britain close to starvation. Could Canada cut its Corps? Borden could not share his gloomy reasons, but he could only give one answer.
The struggle over conscription ended with victory for Borden's Unionists in December 1917. Confederation was a partnership more than a democracy; no partnership survives long if the larger partner coerces the smaller. In 1917, a minor political figure named William Lyon Mackenzie King learned that lesson. Defeated in 1911 as a Laurier minister and MP, King burned to resume his career. After cultivating his rebel grandfather's riding of York North, King even volunteered to run for Borden's Unionists in 1917. Borden turned him down. Instead, King ran as an anti-conscription Laurier Liberal and was badly beaten. In 1919, when Laurier was dead and the Liberals needed a new leader, Lady Laurier's testimonial to King's loyalty turned the convention and launched the most successful career in Canadian politics.
Perhaps the Great War cured Sir Robert Borden of his dream of an imperial federation. Who can say what it did to his party? Once he was Liberal leader, William Lyon Mackenzie King needed no further demonstration. As Montreal's That winter, Borden had learned some grim facts. Americans had entered the war but had yet to create an army. Russia was collapsing; so might the French, with their army dissolving in mutinies. At sea, German U-boats had brought Britain close to starvation. Could Canada cut its Corps? Borden could not share his gloomy reasons, but he could only give one answer.
The struggle over conscription ended with victory for Borden's Unionists in December 1917. Confederation was a partnership more than a democracy; no partnership survives long if the larger partner coerces the smaller. In 1917, a minor political figure named William Lyon Mackenzie King learned that lesson. Defeated in 1911 as a Laurier minister and MP, King burned to resume his career. After cultivating his rebel grandfather's riding of York North, King even volunteered to run for Borden's Unionists in 1917. Borden turned him down. Instead, King ran as an anti-conscription Laurier Liberal and was badly beaten. In 1919, when Laurier was dead and the Liberals needed a new leader, Lady Laurier's testimonial to King's loyalty turned the convention and launched the most successful career in Canadian politics.
Perhaps the Great War cured Sir Robert Borden of his dream of an imperial federation. Who can say what it did to his party? Once he was Liberal leader, William Lyon Mackenzie King needed no further demonstration.As Montreal La Presse had once explained to its readers, French Canadians had only a single loyalty, to Canada. British Canadians seemed to need two loyalties. Charles Stacey discovered that Mackenzie King was more a closet anglophile than he could ever admit, but such emotions stayed in the closet. Never again, if King could help it, would Canada be drawn into a European war, to be torn apart by its own divided people. Under Borden, Canada changed from a colony to a junior but sovereign British ally.
The Great War gave King and the Liberals arguments and support enough to take Canada to full and unquestioned independence. Old loyalties proved too strong to keep Canada out of war in 1939, but, as King had pledged, "Parliament would decide." Until Adolf Hitler's triumphant summer of 1940, Canada did as little as it possibly could. As Mackenzie King insisted to shocked British delegates negotiating the Air Training Plan, "it is not our war."6
1Derby to Haig, 2 November 1917, in Robert Blake (ed.) The Private Papers of Sir Douglas Haig (London, 1952), p. 266. See Borden Papers, Sir Edward Kemp to Borden, 24 February 1918; Preston, Canada and "Imperial Defense", pp. 487-9.
2Cited in Brown, Borden, vol. II, pp. 137-8; Stacey, Age of Conflict, vol. I, pp. 219-221.
3 On Byng, Jeffrey Williams, Byng of Vimy: General and Governor-General (London, 1983), pp. 127-9 and passim. On changes in tactics, see William Rawling, On tactics see Morton, When Your Number's Up, pp. xxx. and Bill Rawling, Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian Corps (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992). On trench raids, Dennis Winter, Death's Men: Soldiers of the Great War (London, 1979), p. 92; John Ellis, Eye-Deep in Hell: The Western Front, 1914-1918 (London, 1976), p. 76; Maurice Pope, Soldiers and Politicians (Toronto, 1964), p.34.
4 On French Canada and the war, see Elizabeth Armstrong, The Crisis of Quebec, 1914-1918 (New York, 1967; Toronto, 1974); Réal Bélanger, "Albert Sévigny et la participation des Canadiens français ŕ la grande guerre (1919 1918) in W.A.B.Douglas and Desmond Morton, Canada as a Military Power (Ottawa, 1982); Jean-Pierre Gagnon, Le 22e bataillon (canadien-français), 1914-1919, Une étude socio-militaire (Québec, 1986); Desmond Morton, "French Canada and War: The Military Background to the Conscription Crisis of 1917" in J.L. Granatstein and R.D. Cuff, War and Society in North America (Toronto, 1971); Mason Wade, The French Canadians, 1760-1960 (Toronto, 1968), vol. II, pp. xxx.
5 On internment: Desmond Morton, "Sir William Otter and Internment Operations during the First World War", Canadian Historical Review, LV, 1, 1974; David Smith, "Emergency Government in Canada", ibid., L, 4, 1969; Lubomyr Luciuk, A time for Atonement (Ottawa, 1988); Wilson, Ontario and the Great War, pp. xxx.
6 See Pickersgill, J.W., The Mackenzie King Record, vol. I 1939-1944 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1960, pp 43-44).
Army Nurses
Denyse Baillargeon
Associate Professor, History Department, Université de Montréal
A total of 3,141 nurses worked in the Canadian army, 2,504 of them overseas—over a third of all Canadian registered nurses. Some were posted to British or Canadian hospitals in England, but at least a thousand served in France and Belgium; some were even sent to the Mediterranean or Russia. Unlike nurses from the other allied countries, who were in auxiliary corps, Canadian nurses were full members of the Canadian Army Medical Corps and thus held military rank. Margaret Macdonald, appointed matron-in-chief at the start of the war, was also the first woman of the British Empire to hold the rank of major.
From the outset, the military authorities had planned to keep the nurses in stationary hospitals, 250-bed units with 16 nurses, and in the general hospitals farther from the front, which had between 500 and 1,000 beds served by a team of 72 nurses. In practice, however, it soon became apparent that these medical professionals were also needed in the most advanced posts, called casualty clearing stations, because the wounded soldiers taken there often required emergency surgery impossible to do without the help of nurses. Many nurses thus found themselves very close to the front lines, working in tents or huts with minimal hygiene.
Although farther from the theatre of operations, the stationary hospitals and general hospitals still did not have all the facilities that nurses were accustomed to. Established in big houses, ruined monasteries, unused schools or hastily built shelters, these hospitals were far from an ideal environment. The nurses had to tend patients while slogging through mud, surrounded by rats or, on the Mediterranean front, flies, while being careful to use as little water as possible.
The nurses' work followed the rhythm of the battles, each bringing a massive influx of wounded. Working around the stretchers lined up on the ground, the nurses had to take care of hundreds of soldiers brought in by train or ambulance. Bullets, bayonets, shells and shrapnel caused extremely serious wounds that bled profusely and often necessitated amputation, the only way to get rid of gangrene. Amputation was also the fate of men who suffered frostbite from their time in the muddy trenches, while on the Mediterranean front, dysentery laid many low. Gas, first used extensively in the First World War, attacked the eyes and lungs. The nurse placed the lung patient in an oxygen tent, but that did not always work as hoped. Nurses were just as powerless to help those suffering from psychological problems, termed shell shock, whose numbers grew as the war intensified. On the other hand, they were perfectly capable of taking care of soldiers with tuberculosis or other common ailments, like the flu. Due to the high mortality rate of the wounded, such cases actually made up the bulk of their work. Towards the end of the hostilities, when the Spanish flu started to spread, they were called upon to tend to soldiers with influenza.
Life at the front had its quieter moments, though, and nurses took advantage of them. Between two deliveries of casualties, they could do their jobs more calmly, befriending the soldiers they tended often over long weeks. They also gave themselves small treats. When not on duty, they could go to dances, receptions and concerts also attended by soldiers, officers or even civilians. They also took part in sports or games and went cycling near their hospitals. Nurses stationed in England took tea with members of the British and Canadian army or with nurses from other hospitals, and played golf and tennis. On leave, some even travelled to Scotland or the south of France.
Army nurses were the only women to go to the front during the First World War. Thirty-nine lost their lives, twenty-one in battles on the continent or at sea, and eighteen as a result of illness. Seven others died in Canada while serving in army hospitals. Over 500 of them were decorated, including matron Ethel Ridley, named Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and Vivien Tremaine, who was awarded the Royal Victorian Order for caring for King George V, who was hurt when he fell off his horse while reviewing Canadian troops. These military honours acknowledged their courage and the esteem in which they were held. This acknowledgment also extended beyond the military sphere, however, for the involvement of nurses in the war greatly contributed to making medical and hospital authorities more aware of the importance of their role. By the end of the First World War, nurses had gained a professional status that could never again be questioned.
Selected Bibliography
Allard, Genevičve, «Des anges blancs sur le front : l'expérience de guerre des infirmičres militaires canadiennes pendant la Premičre guerre mondiale», Bulletin d'histoire politique, 8, nos 2-3 (hivers-printemps 2000): 119-132.
---, «Les anges blancs sur le front. Les infirmičres militaires canadiennes durant la Premičre Guerre mondiale», [MA (Histoire), Université Laval], 1997.
Allemang, Margaret M. Canadian Nursing Sisters of World War 1, Oral History Program. Toronto: Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 1977-1980.
Nicholson, G.W. L. Canada's Nursing Sisters. Toronto: A.M. Hakkert, 1975.
Strong-Boag, Veronica. "Making a Difference : The History of Canada's Nurses." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History/Bulletin canadien d'histoire de la médecine, 8, 2 (1991) : 231-248.
Remembering Those Who Died on the Field of Honour
Mourad Djebabla
Researcher for the Hector Fabre Chair in Quebec History at Uuniversité du Québec ŕ Montréal.
During the war itself, soldiers were first honoured by their comrades on the front. Behind the front lines, isolated in no man's land, simple, temporary wooden crosses marked the graves of those who had died in combat. Owing to the terrible extent of human losses, Canadian war cemeteries were established, starting in 1917, and maintained by the Imperial War Graves Commission (now the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC). But the bodies of 19,598 Canadians were never found; many of them had been torn to shreds by the waves of violent shelling the infantry faced. The names of most of those men are engraved on the base of the war memorial at Vimy. In France and Belgium, where Canadian soldiers distinguished themselves during the war, 13 memorials in all were erected between the wars. The main one, and the most imposing, is the one at Vimy, which was inaugurated in 1936, with Canadian veterans and King Edward VIII in attendance. Located at the site of the Canadian victory of April 9, 1917, it honours all Canadians who fell on the field of honour during the Great War.
The Canadian soldiers of 1914–18 were also commemorated at home. Starting in November 1918, most Canadian municipalities signalled their intention to erect a monument in tribute to their dead, and to engrave on the marble, for posterity, the names of their citizens who died in the war. The war memorials gave civilians a way of publicly grieving and paying tribute to the war dead. These monuments were, for the first time in Canada's history, on more than just a family or local scale: from sea to sea, over 1,300 cenotaphs went up, all commemorating the same event in which thousands of Canadians had taken part.
Between the wars, the federal government left it up to each community to erect its own memorial. Monument committees were set up, often on the initiative of women. The committees had to manage the finances, select an architect and determine a location for the monument, which, once inaugurated, was officially handed over to the municipal authorities. But a cenotaph was only a physical manifestation of the respect for the memory of those who died in 1914–18, and gradually, as the 1920s progressed, it became the focus of a commemorative ritual: Remembrance Day, November 11.
The choice of this date, originally known as Armistice Day, recalls first and foremost the end of the four years of slaughter and the peace won thanks to the soldiers' sacrifice. The commemorative service of November 11 gradually took shape in the 1920s to honour the soldiers who had given their lives. Like religious rites, once established, the elements of the memorial liturgy were unchanging.
The November 11 ceremony is a structured space in which each player and each element of the commemorative rite has an important role to play:
– Since the early 1920s, the ceremony has generally opened with the national anthem, "O Canada." This is the most meaningful moment, because at this instant, everyone present is united in the same respect and love of country that the soldiers being honoured died to preserve. The anthem confers upon the ceremony its duly patriotic character. Yet it is "God Save the King" (or later, the Queen) that closes the ceremony, recalling the constitutional link between Canada and Great Britain.
– After the secular, profane anthem, the religious dimension is reflected by prayers, often accompanied by hymns. Just as the national anthem serves to unite people in their love of their country, the religious element of prayer unites the members of various religious communities in the same place on the same occasion. Prayer is a reminder of the noble sacrifice of the dead for a cause deemed just by the living. Its function is nothing less than to glorify the dead in the eyes of the living in order to lessen the pain of their loss and give it meaning.
– Next follow two minutes of silence, introduced in 1919 on the recommendation of King George V, to give all those present a chance to turn their thoughts to those no longer among them. The silence is a time to reflect on the sacrifice of the men being honoured.
– The laying of wreaths is the funerary aspect of the ceremony and the implicit acknowledgement of the souls at rest. Decorated with flowers, the monument takes on the symbolic appearance of a collective tomb.
As part of the November 11 ceremony, the laying of wreaths by civilian and military authorities, but also by the crowd, expresses collective piety towards the war dead.
- Military units also take part. At the end of the ceremony, the units march through the streets, marking the return of life with a demonstration that calls for admiration of their handsome uniforms after the tribute to the dead.
The role of the army in the ceremony is not to celebrate the victory of November 11, but rather to represent the dead. The marching soldiers provide an eternally young and living image, a timeless image, as remembrance must be.
– The veterans, as well as the widows (dressed in black between the wars), are present, bearing witness for those no longer there and honouring comrades, sons and husbands. The spectators in the crowd also pay tribute to the veterans.
Along with war memorials and the Remembrance Day ceremony, a third tribute to the war dead is the wearing of poppies, which began in 1921. The poppy, celebrated in John McCrae's poem "In Flanders Fields," was officially recognized in 1925 as the symbol of remembrance of those who died in 1914–18. Profits from sales were used to help war invalids. Wearing poppies each November 11 was a visible sign of respect for the memory of the soldiers who died in the Great War.
All these customs that were adopted in the aftermath of the First World War were also followed after the other wars of the 20th century, gradually diluting the specificity of the Great War: the war memorials, the November 11 ceremony and the poppies now honour all the dead of modern wars.
Selected Bibliography
Djebabla-Brun, Mourad, Se souvenir de la Grande Guerre: la mémoire plurielle de 14-18 au Québec, Montréal, VLB, 2004.
Labayle, Éric, 9 avril 1917: les Canadiens ŕ Vimy, Louviers, Ysec, 2001.
Shipley, Robert. To Mark our Place: A History of Canadian War Memorials. Toronto: NC Press, 1987.
Vance, Jonathan. Death so Noble: Memory, Meaning, and the First World War. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2000 (1997).
Wood, Herbert, and John A. Swettenham. Silent Witnesses. Toronto: A. M. Hakkert, in association with the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Canadian War Museum, 1974.
Directorate of History and Heritage, Department of National Defence, National Inventory of Canadian Military Memorials:
Commonwealth War Graves Commission:
Other Materials
After Amiens
In the meantime Allied plans on the Western Front were undergoing revision. As early as the evening of August 11, as German resistance stiffened, Marshal Foch had shown himself willing to modify objectives and consider alternatives to further offensive operations on the Amiens front. At that time large-scale operations were due to be resumed on the 15th. But on the 13th General Debeney asked for and received a day's postponement of the assault by his army; and next morning General Rawlinson was given the same extra time in which to complete his preparations. Sir Douglas Haig has revealed in his diary that he shared Rawlinson's misgivings about attacking the well-prepared Roye-Chaulnes defences and that he was resolved that the French First and British Fourth Armies should merely "keep up pressure on that front" in order to hold the enemy's attention, while he prepared to strike elsewhere with the British First and Third
There is no doubt that Rawlinson was considerably influenced by representations made to him by General Currie, upon whose forces the burden of a major share of a renewed offensive must fall. At a meeting on the morning of August 14 the Army Commander showed Haig a letter (accompanied by air photographs taken the previous day of the German positions) in which Currie set forth the arguments against renewing an operation which would "cost a great many casualties" without obtaining adequate results. He suggested that if the attack were found to be absolutely necessary it should be postponed in order to allow time to "recover the element of surprise." He recommended that an alternative, and better, course would be to withdraw the Canadian Corps from the line, and after resting it for a few days employ it on the Arras front in a surprise attack in the direction of Bapaume. An advance in this sector coupled with an attack by the French from their present line, might well force the enemy to abandon his positions west of the Somme without the necessity of a frontal assault.
This last suggestion was in keeping with Haig's own ideas. An exchange of letters with Foch on the 14th brought no agreement about postponing operations at the Somme, and that evening a telegram from the Generalissimo asked Haig "once more to maintain the date already set." The Field Marshal, however, had made up his mind to limit the Somme attack to a series of set stages, and on the afternoon of the 15th he pressed his arguments at Foch's advanced headquarters at Sarcus (twenty miles south-west of Amiens). "I spoke to Foch quite straightly", his diary records, "and let him know that I was responsible to my Government and fellow citizens for the handling of the British forces." Foch's resistance had already been weakened when he learned from General Debeney that morning that the projected attack on Roye "would certainly be difficult", and even if mounted would leave the French forces too weak to maintain it. "I definitely came around to the opinion of Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig", he wrote in his Memoirs, and he agreed that the Amiens offensive should not be pressed.
A new operation order issued by British G.H.Q. directed the Third Army, which was holding a nineteen-mile front north of Albert, without delay to "press the enemy back energetically in the direction of Bapaume"; the Fourth Army while continuing its preparations for an attack would be prepared to follow up any German withdrawal towards the Somme. Farther north the First Army would take advantage of any German retirement to exert pressure south-eastward from the Arras sector; under favourable conditions, it would attack Monchy-le-Preux and Orange Hill.
In a letter confirming his acceptance of Haig's proposals Marshal Foch made it clear that he was depending on the British operations to be developed with sufficient impetus to ensure a resumption of the thrust south of the Somme. He went on to thank Sir Douglas for his cooperation, which had completely freed the Amiens area and the Paris-Amiens railway. For an offensive north of the Aisne he was now going to transfer the French First Army from Haig's command back to Pétain's group of armies. Accordingly the Franco-British boundary was shifted northward to the Amiens-Chaulnes railway, and the relief of the Canadian Corps by French troops began on 19 August.
On the night of August 19-20 the 2nd Canadian Division began moving northward by bus and train to rejoin the First Army in the Arras sector, followed the next night by the 3rd Division. A number of days were to elapse before the 1st and 4th Divisions made the move. General Currie closed his Headquarters at Dury on the 22nd. During the day he called on a number of senior commanders and had the satisfaction of being told by General Byng that the Canadian performance at Amiens was "the finest operation of the war".
Adapted and used with permission from Nicholson, G. W. L., Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914-1919. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1964, p.396-398.


text:
About Allison & Taylor:
Allison & Taylor, Inc. is a global firm with 27 years of experience in professional reference checking and employment verification.
Since 1984, the company has been featured on CBSNews.com, NETSHARE.com, the Wall Street Journal, NationJob.com, Glamour Magazine, New Woman Magazine, Worth Magazine, the Detroit News, the St. Petersburg Times, and has been rated a "Top Executive Site" in Forbes magazine.
They are open 7/24 for orders via our Web site at www.AllisonTaylor.com.
Check out the latest Career Insider eNewsletter - June 9, 2011.
Sign up for the free weekly Career Insider eNewsletter.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I am going to link up each Friday to some of the best activities, articles or other posts to do with children that I have read during the week.
Firstly, I absolutely LOVE these simple, yet beautiful little houses made out of juice cartons! Brilliant for small-world and imaginative play, and I'm sure older children could have a really good attempt at making these themselves. Little ones could help to decorate!
This is a fun post that shows you how to make paint colours using food! Educational, fun and creative- great combination!
And finally, I am loving the wonderful resources on this site for doing fun Bible time sessions at home with your children. They are downloadable and look like they would print out nicely (if only we had our printer connected!)
And a little thank you to Michelle from Best Toys For Toddlers for passing on a blog award to me (not really sure what that means but grateful nonetheless!)


text:
LUCERNE -- The Lakeview Supermarket & Deli will soon be able to accept electronic benefits cards again, but for how long remains unclear.
Federal regulators granted a request from store ownership for a civil money penalty in lieu of permanent disqualification from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Dec. 20 after determining Lakeview had an effective policy in place to prevent violations.
The market, located on Highway 20 in Lucerne, was banned from the program Nov. 16 for trafficking, exchanging SNAP benefits for cash, according to Bruce C. Alexander, director, communications and governmental affairs, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS).
But Lakeview's CEO/manager, Kenny Parlet, said the new $59,000 penalty is too big a bill for his small-town store and asked FNS officials to eliminate or reduce the sanction.
The Lucerne market will be allowed to accept benefits cards while the federal review is pending.
"It's been a huge relief to a lot of our customers. I just hope this isn't a temporary situation," Parlet said Wednesday.
If the penalty were upheld, Lakeview's owners would need to pay the entire amount or face permanent disqualification. They would also have to submit a collateral bond or irrevocable letter of credit for $4,075 payable to FNS and maintain it continuously for five years.
Parlet claimed ownership "can't possibly pay" the $59,000, which he said was more than seven times higher than the store's net profit in 2011.
Additionally, Lakeview officials returned their electronic benefits transfer (EBT) equipment after being issued the permanent ban and lost out on almost $60,000 in potential sales and profits as a result, according to Parlet.
"We kind of got the double-whammy," he added.
Parlet said the store should be set up to receive EBT payments from customers by early next week.
FNS officials did not release specifics about the store's violations, but Parlet said an undercover federal investigator purchased non-food items on four different dates last summer from the same female cashier, who was subsequently fired.
Parlet argued that neither the employee nor the store benefited from the transactions.
In his letter requesting regulators reassess the penalty, Parlet argues in part that the FNS should have issued warning letters for minor violations occurring in July and August.
"I believe that because we at Lakeview Supermarket & Deli have such large percentage of EBT transactions that we were presumed guilty of trafficking. Due to this pre-judgment and presumed guilt, we were not given a simple warning letter at this time," he wrote.
Parlet, who lives in Lakeport, was elected to his first term on the Lakeport City Council 10 days before the FNS issued the original SNAP ban. He said he would consider taking his fight to federal court if the penalty isn't adequately modified.
Jeremy Walsh is a staff reporter for Lake County Publishing. Reach him at 263-5636, ext. 37 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him on Twitter, @JeremyDWalsh.


text:
Victoria Loves Adventure
Pet-friendly location near Gorge Waterway and Inner Harbour
Adventure awaits you at our Howard Johnson Hotel Victoria. Our pet-friendly hotel is conveniently located across from the Gorge Waterway and along the Galloping Goose Trail. Take advantage of our affordable accommodations near Beacon Hill Park, giving you easy access to the area's best attractions, shopping, dining, and sightseeing options.


text:
South Carolina running back Marcus Lattimore announced Wednesday that he will forgo his remaining college eligibility and enter the 2013 NFL draft.
Lattimore told reporters that the decision came with "a lot of praying."
He is currently rehabilitating from a horrendous knee injury sustained this season against Tennessee. Lattimore seemed to be working his way back into form less than a year after his sophomore season was lost due to a torn ACL.
Coach Steve Spurrier credits Lattimore for the greatest period of success in Gamecocks' football history.
"It happened when Marcus Lattimore said, 'I'm coming to South Carolina,'" Spurrier said.
Spurrier supported Lattimore's decision to enter the draft. He won't be able to play for at least a year, but believes he can get treatment from a professional organization as he tries to make the comeback of his life.


text:
'…given the fact Miller could be sidelined for up to six weeks, the Sabres may have no option but to retain him and Noronen until their prized young goalie returns to action. That could turn into a blessing in disguise for Regier as it will give both Biron and Noronen plenty of playing time, which will hopefully improve their skills and thus their value on the trade block.'
You are here: Home / SabresBeat / Teams sour on Biron


text:
Family Connection Newsletter
Connecting Parents & Families to UMBC
Welcome parents, guardians and family members. The Division of Student Affairs commits to enhancing communication between you and the University. We pledge to provide information to help you understand and appreciate your students' experiences.
The Parent Newsletter is a publication to provide information on what is happening at the University. This can include tips, important dates, and useful articles to assist their students in their academic endeavors.
For the latest news and information visit the Family Connection myUMBC page
Should you have any questions or suggestions, you are encouraged to contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Saturday, March 01, 2014
Event Type:
You're invited to attend a Spring Cleaning Detail Clinic hosted by Atlanta Auto Salon and Adam's Polishes. The
clinic is on Saturday, March 1st from 12pm to 3pm, at Atlanta Auto Salon: 900 Sun Valley Drive, Ste. 6 Roswell, GA 30076.
The clinic will focus on teaching you all the best cleaning techniques for your car, so you can get your car squeaky-clean
just in time for Quattro de Mayo. We'll also show you Adam's new 2-step polishing system, and Gtechniq hydrophobic
coatings. There will be free snacks and drinks, too!


text:
Pimp My Artwork 061: The Star Card
I met Gala Darling two years ago in a chic little hotel bar. Molly Crabapple introduced us after insisting the world would crumble if we didn't meet. She was right. We laughed and laughed talking star signs and art. It was then I first proposed that Gala would be the Star Card. Since then the tarot has gone through a lot of changes. Last year, right around this time I painted the Magician which completely changed the feel of the deck.
After finishing the Empress just a few weeks ago I wondered which energy would make itself known. There was a little spark of light and the Star was born. I usually live the cards as I paint them so as I started to make the sketch I wondered what wonderful things would be emerging. My house got messy, I had paint everywher, people kept coming into town, and I finished a few comissions. A week had gone by and I hadn't worked on anything. I wondered if maybe it wasn't time to paint this card. That thought was quickly put to rest when I realized what was actually happening.
I had been thinking about a number of things. Jack Kerouac was one, Taylor Mead giving up riches to come to NYC was another, old black and white movies, and wardrobe trunks, glorious wardrobe trunks with drawers and hangers. I remembered Callie Curry had gotten one when she first moved to closer to Pratt and I've wanted one ever since. So I started looking online. Unfortunately a lot of these trunks were more than I could afford or wanted to pay. I found one on etsy that I absolutely fell in love with, right down to the color (red) and the interior paper covering the drawers. It was my dream trunk but it was on hold for someone else. I wrote the woman saying that if the sale fell through to contact me and started my search again. As I searched through pages of trunks, I happened upon one. It needed fixing but something about it made me keep going back to the page. It was $55 and said pick up only. Unfortunately it was in Ohio. There was no way. I messaged the woman and asked her if she would sell it to me if I paid for shipping. On the listing it said it belonged to her 86 year old mother and I liked that about it. I felt like the trunk had a good history and that it was loved. The other one as much as I loved the way it looked, I had no idea where it came from.
A day passed and the other trunk sold. I came home to an email saying if I paid the shipping and set it up for pickup the trunk was mine. I bought it right then and there. I would get the trunk the day after Valentine's Day. It would take two days to ship. It was Sunday when I set it all up. The woman wrote me, "My Mother passed away recently. She was originally from NY so I think she would be pleased for it to be heading back home."
Monday I lassoed up Kate Black and Emily Poole to Bowery Poetry club to see Taylor Mead, one of New York's treasures. The Friday before my friend Jeffrey Wengrofsky had screened his film Party in Taylor Mead's Kitchen. Taylor has a fascinating life story. He grew up in a wealthy political family, read Kerouac's On the Road and gave it all up saying "That's how you're supposed to live." and hitchhiked to San Francisco where he was immediately accepted into the beatnik scene. I needed to speak to him. I got there early and chit chatted. I even told him about the trunk, to which he replied, "Now that's what I have to do. Condense everything to two bags. You never know when this city will throw you on your ass."
After the show I was filled with inspiration. At 86 years old Taylor could kick most of our asses with his energy level.
Now I knew I had to do something special with this trunk. I also knew I needed to paint. I started to make small steps in the painting. The Star is an interesting card because it's associated with Aquarius. You're always going to go into strange wonderful worlds when dealing with Aquarius energy. I knew I'd have to take this one step by step. Gala was perfect for Aquarius even though she's a Virgo. She's got a wonderful quirkiness, is a master at connecting people, and all of that hope, amazing style, self love, and healing is just what the Star represents.
I took an unconventional approach to her. In most decks, the Star is pouring water into the river as well as the ground herself but in this one, she inspires others to do so. You see the Star is not only about healing yourself but inspiring others to do so as well. The Star is about future hope, keeping positive even if the results aren't immediate and having the confidence and patience to stay on track. The Scarlet Ibis represents Thoth who is the Egyptian God of wisdom and the divine mediator. He is the inventor of writing and the patron of scribes. At the end of ones life, Thoth is there for the judgement where the weigh one's heart on one side of the scale and a feather on the other. If the heart weighed less than the feather Thoth would bless their afterlife. He is associated with the night and the crescent moon. Some say the Ibises curved beak gave that association as well.
The first flower is a Rose Pink, this one has white petals and the second is Rue Anemone. Both were taken by Jim Shirey. The first I chose before I saw the name but laughed afterward as Gala is known for her love of all things pink. They are also known as bitterblossom and for this once again perfect for the star. Sometimes we can't always see the wonderful things we have in store for the future. perhaps that certain somebody is not into us right now but will be in the future. That can be incredibly frustrationg, or a career that is going to be prosperous but it hitting a few bumps in the road. The bitterblossom gives us that taste of reality that wakes us up and makes us realize that we must remain focussed. The Rue Anemone is called 'Wind Flower' because it appears to open its flowers when the wind is blowing, and from the greek 'Anemos' meaning breathing or lives.
I received the trunk on Wednesday in the midst of painting the card. And as the poor delivery guy had to carry it into my home. (It was too heavy for me to lift). I realized all at once that the trunk was a symbol of my own hope. My hope for travel, and for some mysterious adventure down the line. I couldn't see what it was now, or perhaps how it would happen but in time and with a little effort everything would come together.


text:
The Los Angeles Kings get to flex their Stanley Cup championship muscles ... but in a different way this time.
From noon to 2 p.m. Wednesday, the King's Stanley Cup will be on the USS Iowa battleship to help kick off the new hockey season.
The event is free for the public to view and take photographs of the legendary National Hockey League trophy with the historic battleship's massive guns serving as a backdrop.
Commonly referred to as the "Battleship of Presidents" for having hosted Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. Bush, the USS Iowa now becomes the "Battleship of Kings" ... at least for one day. Along with the Stanley Cup, the Kings' Ice Crew will be on hand to greet fans and for photo opportunities.
While viewing the Stanley Cup is free, fans wearing Kings attire will be able to purchase specially discounted tickets to tour the battleship for $10 (regularly $18).
The USS Iowa is located in the Port of Los Angeles, 250 S. Harbor Blvd. The ship is operated by the nonprofit Pacific Battleship Center. Opened on July 7, 2012 as an interactive naval museum at the waterfront, the USS Iowa is open for tours 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. daily.


text:
TBTC Study 25PK: Intensive Pharmacokinetic Study of Three Doses of Rifapentine and 25-Desacetyl Rifapentine
This study has been completed.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
VA Office of Research and Development
Information provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: September 6, 2001
Last updated: September 9, 2005
Last verified: September 2005
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Detailed Description:
Primary objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics of rifapentine and 25-desacetyl rifapentine at three different doses: 600 mg, 900 mg, and 1200 mg.
Secondary objective: To describe any correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters of three different doses of rifapentine plus a standard dose of isoniazid and the occurrence of toxicity attributed to anti-tuberculosis treatment.
|Drug: Rifapentine Drug: 25-desacetyl Rifapentine Drug: Isoniazid
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Intensive Pharmacokinetic Study of Three Doses of Rifapentine (600, 900 and 1200mg) During Continuation Phase Therapy of Tuberculosis in HIV-Negative Adults
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Tuberculosis
Drug Information available for: RifapentineU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Compare the pharmacokinetics of rifapentine and 25-desacetyl rifapentine at three difference doses: 600 mg, 900 mg, and 1200 mg
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Describe any correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters of three different doses of rifapentine plus a standard dose of isoniazid and the occurrence of toxicity attributed to anti-tuberculosis treatment.
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|March 2000
|Estimated Study Completion Date:
|May 2001
We will enroll 24-36 patients, 8-12 at each dose of 600, 900 and 1200 mg rifapentine Admissions for pharmacokinetic studies will take place during the continuation phase of tuberculosis therapy. Patients participating in a double-blinded trial of the tolerability and safety of higher doses of rifapentine during continuation phase therapy and consenting to participate in the pharmacokinetic study may be admitted to a Clinical Research Center (CRC) to allow for frequent blood sampling over a 24-hour period. Otherwise, patients will be evaluated in the clinic.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Patients enrolled in TBTC Study 25 Informed consent
Severe anemia (Hct <25%) Any severe adverse event related to study drugs in TBTC Study 25
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00023387
Show 23 Study Locations
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00023387
Show 23 Study Locations
Sponsors and Collaborators
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
VA Office of Research and Development
|Principal Investigator:
|Marc Weiner, MD
|Audie L. Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio TX
More Information
Additional Information:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 25, 2017
Additional Information:
Weiner M, Bock N, Peloquin CA, Burman WJ, Khan A, Vernon A, Zhao Z, Weis S, Sterling TR, Hayden K, Goldberg S; Tuberculosis Trials Consortium. Pharmacokinetics of rifapentine at 600, 900, and 1,200 mg during once-weekly tuberculosis therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Jun 1;169(11):1191-7. Epub 2004 Feb 12.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00023387 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
TBTC Study 25PK
|Study First Received:
|September 6, 2001
|Last Updated:
|September 9, 2005
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Mycobacterium Infections
Actinomycetales Infections
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections
Bacterial Infections
Antitubercular Agents
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Hypolipidemic Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Lipid Regulating Agents
Antibiotics, Antitubercular
Leprostatic Agents
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on September 25, 2017


text:
Hi Wouter,
Thanks for trying things out. It appears to me that what you claim in theory is not possible in practice. Is that right ?
You claim that "if you want to speed up your parallel code (using disable parallel execution),you want to use timed loops", however neither of us are able to implement this in even a simple example.
If this is the case then LVEA still has a huge problem because putting down parallel loops of any kind severely degrade performance/speed compared to the same code in a single loop. This is a real shame as the beauty of programming in LabVIEW is the ease of which parallel tasks can be coded.
>> 5) It would be great to see what performance degradation you get on your faster boards between code in on loop with all the fastest compiler options and then the same code split into two
>> loops with the fastest compiler changes to make it run in parallel. You'll either get only a halving in speed (great!) or a five time reduction (bad news for me).
> I will have to do this
Hi Wouter,
You wrote that you were going to try out this experiment and see if you get much worse perfomance as Vito and I do when splitting one while loop into two parallel while loops.
Have you done this yet ?
02-15-2012 02:08 AM - edited 02-15-2012 02:10 AM
Disable parallel loops gives smaller code. (no need for LV scheduling)
and at that point if you want to use paralelism, you must use timed loops. (like two main tasks)
I don't know what's the cause of the not working code if you use timed loops and all the optimatization.
So, we concluding that for loops are faster then timed loops. I will have to play with timed loops to set the period smaller. (I've set this to 0 ms), but I don't know which period is used. (delay?)
If you disable parallel execution with for loops, only 1 for loop will run at the time. If you replace the 2 for loops with infinite while loops, it will only run one while loop..
I've tested one application on the LPC1788, I have the following timings:
lm3s8962: 90.798 ms and 182.647 ms
lpc1788: 68.788 ms and 140.751 ms
so the lpc1788 is (90.798 / 68.788) = 1.319 and (182.647 / 140.751) = 1.297 times as fast (let's say 1.30)
let in mind that this is the test with the timed loops.
Thanks Wouter,
It's surprising and disappointing that the LPC1788 didn't perform better. The LPC1788 has twice the CPU clock speed (and therefore MIPS) than the LM3S8962, however it only performed ~1.3x better. And presumably with compiler options that only get ~20% of the CPU performance.
Would it be possible to incude the VIs you used and the compiler settings?
I will have to test the lpc1788 with the other tests also (not timed loop)
I have experienced 75% better performance with other apps.
here are the test vi's (LV 2010) in 7zip.
Hi Wouter,
Thanks for your VI. I will try it tomorrow when I'm back at work.
Any chance of you running the following two VIs with the compiler options as shown on the LPC1788 board.
They are provided as snippets so hopefully you can just drop them into a blank VI. You will need to replace the display routines with whatever display you hve on the LPC1788.
The times for these runs will tell me everything I need to know about LabVIEW Embedded.
I can't use them because they are for LV 2011.
If you save them for LV 2010 I can use them.
Hi Wouter,
Please find attached the zipped Timing Evaluation project.
If you get time to time the two VIs it would be great. When doing the timing, don't take the first run. Instead reset the board and take the next run (all other runs are exactly the same timing, at least for me).
Thanks and Regards,
Thanks, I am going to test it.
So you are using LV for ARM 2011?
with standard LM3S8962 target?
I see for the LM3S8962 in LV 2010. that the timings are:
test 1: 113 ms (LV 2011 134 ms)
test 2: 640 ms and 682 ms (LV 2011 718 ms)
first test results,
test 1: 97.975 ms
test 2: 779.247 ms and 921.668 ms ( Why so long!?)


text:
Can you work out how many apples there are in this fruit bowl if you know what fraction there are?
How can these shapes be cut in half to make two shapes the same
shape and size? Can you find more than one way to do it?
These pictures show squares split into halves. Can you find other ways?
Can you split each of the shapes below in half so that the two parts are exactly the same?


text:
Posted 7 years ago
(19 items)
1950's Ronson Varaflame lighter
Woodbridge, NJ, USA
Has the name "Irene" scratched into the side. I picked it up about 10 years ago at an antique shop somewhere in Northwest Oregon. It's not in the best shape, but I thought the design was cool.


text:
Openly gay SMU dean faces Senate confirmation hearing to earn spot in Obama administration
DAVID TAFFET | Staff Writer
Openly gay Southern Methodist University Dean David Chard has been nominated to the National Board for Education Sciences by President Barack Obama.
If approved by the Senate, Chard will be one of 15 voting members appointed by the president. The board is the research arm of the Department of Education.
Chard is unable to comment about the position until after the confirmation hearing.
He was among three people named to the board by Obama on Oct. 19. The others are Larry V. Hedges and Hirokazu Yoshikawa.
Hedges is professor of statistics and a faculty fellow of the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University. Yoshikawa is professor of education and the academic dean at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.
Chard has been dean of SMU's Annette Caldwell Simmons School of Education and Human Development since 2007. He served as director of graduate studies for the department of special education at the University of Oregon from 2003 to 2005, and as associate dean of the College of Education at the University of Oregon from 2005 to 2007.
Since arriving at SMU, Chard has become active in the LGBT community. Working with Resource Center Dallas, he created a counseling internship program that is a partnership between his school and the Oak Lawn agency.
He also spearheaded efforts to get SMU to become a Black Tie Dinner sponsor.
The Education Department position is advisory. The members consult with the director to approve priorities and guide the work of the institute.
This article appeared in the Dallas Voice print edition October 21, 2011.


text:
0 = C in the O OLetter Equations are well known phrases or facts where the key words have been replaced with the first letter of that word. These are often in the form of an equation, which contain a number, an = sign and the rest of the obscured phrase or fact.
0 = C in the O O
HintMonumental area
Answer0 = Corners in the Oval Office
What Next?
See another brain teaser just like this one...
Or, just get a random brain teaser
If you become a registered user you can vote on this brain teaser, keep track of
which ones you have seen, and even make your own.
Back to Top


text:
Shraddh or Shradh offered during Pitri Paksha (dark fortnight or Krishna Paksha) in the month of Ashwin or Ashwini (September – October) is of great importance in Hindu religion. Shraddh, also known as Tarpan, is the ceremonies and rituals performed for the departed souls of dead ancestors in Hinduism. Pitri Paksha Shradh is a period of 15 days and the most important day is the Mahalaya day. It is believed that the souls will attain peace by the Shraddh rituals performed during the fortnight. In 2017, Pitri Paksha begins on September 6 and ends with Mahalaya Pitri Paksha on September 19.
It must be noted that in regional calendar followed in Maharashtra Pitri Paksha falls in the month of Bhadrapada.
According to Hindu tradition, the Shraddh performed on Ashwin Pitri Paksha reaches the ancestors immediately and their souls will rest in peace. Hindu Puranas are full of details about Shraddh, especially Agni Purana, Garuda Purana and Matysa Purana. It is Yama, the god of death in Hindu mythology, who explained the importance of Shraddh performed on Pitri Paksha.
According to Matysa Pura, Agni, Vasus and Rudras act as intermediaries during Pitri Paksha Shraddh and take the rituals and food offered to ancestors. The ancestors bless those performing the ritual. In most places, the last day of the Shraddh, Mahalaya, is of great importance. The ritual is usually conducted near temples or on river banks.
The Shraddh or rituals performed during this period benefits all the dead ancestors. It is believed by Hindus that all the sinful acts committed by the dead will be cleansed by the Shraddh. Those departed souls who do not receive Shraddh are said to wander aimlessly on Earth.
Pitri Paksha Shraddh is also offered by people to ancestors whose death dates they have forgotten. To relatives who had no children and who met with violent death like accidents or murder. Those people who failed to perform the annual Shraddh (performed on the death date) also offer Shraddh during Pitri Paksha.
The customs and rituals performed during Pitri Paksha Shraddh vary regionally. Some people fast on the day. Some people observe specific customs like abstaining from non-vegetarian food during the fortnight and some do not cut their hair or shave.
The rituals are usually performed under the guidance of a learned person or priest.


text:
Don't miss out on a lower price on this hotel
Get an overview of this hotelPunta Cana upscale all-inclusive property all Jr Suites & Suites with spa tub
Popular property highlights
On the beach
This beachfront property is located in Punta Cana a white sandy beach surrounded by astonishing landscapes all Jr Suites & Suites with jacuzzi adults only section available offering the Majestic Supreme Service
All Incluive 24 hrs with 5 a la carte Restaurants and 1 Buffet, 15 Bars with selected international brands, taxes, and gratuities are included in the room rate. Access and drinks to onsite Disco and Casino.
Balconies with views
Guestrooms open to balconies with ocean, garden or pool views also some including Terrace, Outdoor jacuzzis or direct access to the pool.
Guest Highlights
- Good for nightlife
- Beach
- Helpful staff
- Clean guestrooms
- Guestrooms were a little noisy
Majestic Elegance Punta Cana - All Inclusive
Resort Amenities
All-Inclusive Details
This resort is all-inclusive. Onsite food and beverages are included in the room price (some restrictions may apply).
Gratuities and taxes
Gratuities and taxes are included.
Food and beverages
- Meals, snacks, and beverages included
Resort Amenities
A wealth of amenities are waiting for guests at this all-inclusive resort. Upon arrival, guests at Majestic Elegance Punta Cana – Luxury All Inclusive are given a welcome cocktail and a towel for the private white sand beach. A large, lagoon-style swimming pool includes 2 spa tubs and a water fountain. Towels, chaise lounges, and umbrellas are provided for guests at both the pool and beach. A kid's pool is also nearby.
The resort has 6 restaurants and 15 bar/lounges on-site, including 2 poolside bars, a beach bar, and 1 swim-up bar. A hot and cold breakfast is served daily. For fitness-minded guests, a 2-story health club helps keep the workout regimen going. Majestic Elegance Punta Cana – Luxury All Inclusive offers Pilates, yoga, and spin-cycle classes on-site. Several recreational activities are also offered on-site, and the full-service Majestic Spa provides for ample relaxation.
Other amenities include a casino, free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas, a business center, convention center facilities totaling 7,266 sq feet (675 sq meters), and on-site shopping for jewelry, cigars, and souvenirs. For younger guests, there is a Kids' Club onsite, as well as babysitting/childcare services.
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Children's club (free)
- Supervised childcare/activities (surcharge)
- Arcade/game room
- ATM/banking
- Babysitting or childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Number of bars/lounges - 15
- Number of poolside bars - 2
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Business center
- Casino
- Coffee shop or café
- Concierge services
- Conference space
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Elevator/lift
- Full-service spa
- Turkish bath/Hammam
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Hair salon
- Health club
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free WiFi
- Lazy river
- Children's club
- Total number of rooms - 597
- Library
- Number of floors - 4
- Spa treatment room(s)
- Meeting rooms 4
- Multilingual staff
- Nightclub
- Rooftop terrace
- Beach bar
- Porter/bellhop
- Luggage storage
- Beach umbrellas
- Beach sun loungers
- Pool sun loungers
- Beach towels
- Conference center
- Outdoor tennis courts - 3
- Conference space size (meters) - 675
- Number of restaurants - 6
- Free self parking
- Shopping on site
- Spa services on site
- Spa tub
- Steam room
- Outdoor pool
- Coffee/tea in common areas
- Wedding services
- Free breakfast
- Express check-in
- Express check-out
- Designated smoking areas
- Pool umbrellas
- Billiards or pool table
- Grocery/convenience store
- Picnic area
- On private beach
- Number of meeting rooms - 4
- Year Built 2008
- Conference space size (feet) - 7266
- Sauna
- Garden
- Number of buildings/towers - 4
- Children's pool
- Swim-up bar
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- On private beach
- Outdoor pool
- Children's pool
- Lazy river
- Free Wi-Fi
- Outdoor tennis courts
- Children's club (free)
- Grocery/convenience store
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Arcade/game room
- Playground on site
- DVD player
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Plasma TV
- Rainfall showerhead
- Phone
- DVD player
- Premium bedding
- Balcony or patio
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Ceiling fan
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free bottled water
- Minibar (stocked, free items)
- Daily housekeeping
- Designer toiletries
- Jetted bathtub
- Bathrobes
- Free toiletries
- Separate bathtub and shower
- Slippers
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room safe
- Desk
- Satellite TV service
- Free WiFi
- Free wired Internet
- Partially open bathroom
- Room service (24 hours)
Where to Eat
Majestic Elegance Punta Cana - Luxury All Inclusive has 6 restaurants serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner. A complimentary hot and cold buffet breakfast and cocktail hour are offered to guests. Room service during limited hours is available.
Nearby Things to Do
A private beach and an outdoor pool, a children's pool, and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a sauna, 3 tennis courts, basketball, volleyball, scuba diving, kayaking, parasailing, surfing, and water skiing.
The recreational activities listed above are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Ecotours nearby
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Fitness classes on site
- Basketball on site
- Kayaking on site
- Parasailing on site
- Playground on site
- Rowing or canoeing on site
- Sailing on site
- Scuba diving on site
- Surfing/boogie boarding on site
- Tennis lessons on site
- Volleyball on site
- Water skiing on site
- Windsurfing on site
- Yoga classes/instruction on site
- Beach volleyball on site
Spa Services
The full-service Majestic spa at Majestic Elegance Punta Cana - Luxury All Inclusive features a sauna, a hamman, mud bath and spa tub, as well as 10 massage/treatment rooms and a full menu of facials, body treatments, and beauty services. Massages on the beach are also offered.
- Sauna in spa
- Spa tub in spa
- Massages
- Minimum age to access spa is 18
- Number of treatment rooms 10
- Couples treatment rooms
- Massages on beach
- Manicures and pedicures
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Aromatherapy treatments
- Thalassotherapy treatments
- Hydrotherapy treatments
- Mud bath in spa
- Body treatments
- Facial treatments
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- In-room accessibility
Resort Policies
Check-in time ends at 10 PM
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
- New Year's Eve gala dinner fee
- Christmas Eve gala dinner fee
- Resort fee
Optional extras
- Late check-out fee: USD 100
Resort Name
- All Inclusive Majestic Elegance Punta Cana
- Majestic All Inclusive
- Majestic All Inclusive Punta Cana
- Majestic Elegance Luxury All Inclusive
- Majestic Elegance Punta Cana Luxury
- Majestic Luxury Punta Cana
- Punta Cana All Inclusive Majestic
- Punta Cana Luxury All Inclusive
- Punta Cana Majestic All Inclusive
- Punta Cana Majestic Elegance All Inclusive
- Majestic Elegance Punta Cana All Inclusive
- Majestic Elegance All Inclusive
- Majestic Elegance Punta Cana
- Majestic Elegance
- Majestic Elegance Punta Cana Luxury All Inclusive
We should mention
A resort fee is included in the total price displayed. A fee for a mandatory Christmas Eve gala dinner is included in the total price displayed for stays on 24 December. A fee for a mandatory New Year's Eve gala dinner is included in the total price displayed for stays on 31 December.
Majestic Supreme Service - Adults Only
Book a stay in an Adults Only rate category and receive the following:
- Access to the adults-only section within the hotel
- 24-hour room service
- In-room bar with 4 bottles of liquor per stay
- Butler service and express bell boy service
- In-room beach towels
- VIP lounge at the lobby with library, table games and complimentary Internet connection


text:
Leg Cramps During PregnancySkip to the navigation
Topic Overview
Leg cramps affect almost half of all pregnant women.footnote 1 The cause of leg cramps during pregnancy is not fully known, but they may be caused by reduced levels of calcium or increased levels of phosphorus in the blood. Leg cramps are more common in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and happen most often at night.
There is no proof that increasing your intake of calcium or potassium will prevent leg cramps.footnote 1
If you get a leg cramp:
- Straighten your leg.
- Flex your foot so that your ankle and toes point up (toward your head).
- Massage your calf.
- Walk around to stretch your calf.
- Avoid pointing your toes when you stretch your legs.
Although uncommon, a blood clot can form in a deep vein of the leg (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT) during pregnancy. DVT can be life-threatening and requires medical treatment.
Symptoms of DVT include severe leg pain or tenderness (not cramps), swelling of the leg and foot, and fever. The leg may have a bluish (cyanotic) or pale color and may be either hot or cold to the touch. If any leg pain persists (especially with leg swelling), contact your doctor immediately.
Related Information
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
Current as ofMay 30, 2016
- Top of Page
Next Section:Related Information
Previous Section:Topic Overview
- Top of Page
Next Section:References
Previous Section:Related Information
- Top of Page
Next Section:Credits
Previous Section:References
- Top of Page
Current as of: May 30, 2016
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Sarah Marshall, MD - Family Medicine & Kirtly Jones, MD - Obstetrics and Gynecology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise.org.
© 1995-2016 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated.


text:
George Hearn Joins York's 21st Annual Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala, 11/19
Tony® Award-winner George Hearn (La Cage Aux Folles, Scandoulous) joins the The York Theatre Company (James Morgan, Producing Artistic Director), to honor legendary Broadway Music Director and Conductor Paul Gemignani with the Oscar Hammerstein Award for Lifetime Achievement in Musical Theatre at the 21st Annual Oscar Hammerstein Award Gala to be held next Monday, November 19, 2012 at The Edison Ballroom (240 West 47th Street).
Show-Only tickets are now available at $125. Reception begins at 6:00 p.m. followed by dinner at 7:00 p.m. with award ceremony and entertainment beginning at 8:30 p.m. Benefit Committee Co-Chairs are Stephanie Cooper-Clarke, Margery Jassy and Charlotte Rosenblatt. For additional information, pricing and reservations, please visit the website at www.yorktheatre.org, or call 212-935-5824, ext 215.
The evening's entertainment will be hosted by Alexander Gemignani (Sweeney Todd), son of the honoree. It will be directed by Broadway's Lonny Price (Company), with music direction by Tedd Firth. Broadway veterans Kate Baldwin (Finian's Rainbow), Mario Cantone (Assassins), Jenn Colella (Chaplin, The York's Closer Than Ever), Josh Grisetti (Enter Laughing, The Musical), Marin Mazzie (Carrie, Passion), Brian Stokes Mitchell (Ragtime, Kiss Me Kate), and many more, are scheduled to perform, with a special appearance by Alice Hammerstein Mathias (all subject to availability). Due to rehearsals for the Australian production of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Stephen Sondheim will not be in attendance as had been previously announced.
Paul Gemignani has been the music director for more than 40 Broadway and West End productions, including Follies, Candide, A Little Night Music, Sweeney Todd, Into the Woods, Jerome Robbins' Broadway, and South Pacific, to name a few. Mr. Gemignani has appeared as a guest conductor with symphonies around the globe, and has worked in television and film. He has also received many distinctions and nominations for his outstanding work in musical theatre, including the 2001 Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement.
The Oscar Hammerstein Award, named in honor of the prolific master lyricist, recognizes significant lifetime achievement in musical theatre. The award is presented at an annual gala which benefits The York Theatre Company, and is presented with the endorsement of the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization and the Hammerstein Family. Past recipients include Stephen Sondheim, Betty Comden & Adolph Green, Harold Prince, Cy Coleman, Charles Strouse, Arthur Laurents, Jerry Herman, Stephen Schwartz, Peter Stone, David Merrick, John Kander & Fred Ebb, Terrence McNally, Cameron Mackintosh, Carol Channing, Tony Walton, Joseph Stein, George S. Irving, Jerry Bock & Sheldon Harnick, Thomas Meehan, and Barbara Cook.
The York Theatre Company is the only theatre in New York City--and one of very few in the world--dedicated to developing and fully producing new musicals and rediscovering neglected, notable shows from the past. The six-month--and counting--extended run of this season's Closer Than Ever as part of an acclaimed celebration of Off-Broadway musicals; over 35 original cast recordings; and commercial transfers of York premieres and revivals including The Musical of Musicals (The Musical!), Souvenir, Jolson & Company, Sweeney Todd and Pacific Overtures all showcase the importance of the York and its programs. For additional information, please visit the website at www.yorktheatre.org.


text:
Second Release In Koto's "Avengers Now" Series...
Marvel Comics is the next property to get Kotobukiyas ARTFX+ statue treatment, and so of course the first series is none other than the Avengers, specifically the characters as they appear in Marvel Now. Following the initial release of the Incredible Hulk (se our story HERE) comes the elite spy of the team, Black Widow.
Based on concept artwork by artist Adi Granov, the Black Widow stands 7 ½ inches tall (in the ARTFX+ 1/10th scale) on her included magnetic display base. The sultry super spy is the perfect centerpiece for any Black Widow fan and shell look great alongside the previously released Hulk and upcoming Hawkeye, Captain America, Iron Man, and Thor in the Avengers collection.
Available May 2014
To insure your action figure collection, get in touch with Collectibles Insurance, the official insurance company of the Figures.com network. Say "Figures.com" to get 5% off your first term premiums.
To buy action figures, take a look at BigBadToyStore.com, AlterEgoComics.com, Toynk.com, BriansToys.com, ToyWiz.com, and MonkeyDepot.com.


text:
In a train there was a Canadian, an American, a spectacular looking blonde and a frightfully awful looking fat lady.
The train happens to pass through a dark tunnel, and the unmistakable sound of a slap is heard.
When they leave the tunnel, the American had a big red slap mark on his cheek.
** The blonde thought - "That American son of a bitch wanted to touch me and by mistake, he must have put his hand on the fat lady, who in turn must have slapped his face"
** The fat lady thought - "That dirty old American must have laid his hands on the blond and she smacked him"
** The American thought - "That damn Canadian put his hand on that blond and by mistake she slapped me"
** The Canadian thought - "I hope there's another tunnel soon so I can smack that stupid American again"


text: Collection Thomas Mason® for J.Crew cotton voile peasant top Item C1986 Size: All sizes are US sizes. Size Charts Quantity: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Prices do not include taxes. Add to Bag Wishlist Add to Bag Add To Wishlist share: size & fit Body length: 27 3/4". Product Details The laid-back peasant top gets pretty and polished, thanks to a sheer cotton voile from Thomas Mason, one of Europe's oldest and most legendary mills (it's been weaving some of the best shirting since 1796). Finished with feminine tucked pleat detailing and oversized cuffs, the flowy silhouette is perfect for spring layering as well as making a statement on its own. (And because the fabric is slightly sheer, it comes with a silk camisole for days when you want a little more coverage.) Cotton. Three-quarter sleeves. Dry clean. Import. Item C1986.


text:
The Produce Marketing Association is pledging $100,000 to the Let's Move Salad Bars to Schools campaign and asking members to do the same.
"PMA's commitment sets a standard of giving and investing in the produce industry's future," Jan DeLyser, vice president of marketing for the California Avocado Commission and PMA board chairwoman, said in a news release.
The donation will be distributed to schools across the country, according to the release, with details pending on how members can participate in matching the PMA contribution.
"We're also thrilled to add to the work of United Fresh Produce Association, which started with Salad Bars to Schools, and deserves accolades as its work has now been elevated to this national program," DeLyser said in the release.
The association, a member of the National Fruit and Vegetable Alliance, approved the $100,000 donation at the group's board of directors meeting in Austin, Texas.
Besides seeking matching funds from the PMA board and other groups, the association plans to be involved with funding even more salad bars, according to the release.
"Last year, we supported Let's Move Salad Bars to Schools by donating a salad bar locally in Newark, Del," Bryan Silbermann, PMA president, said in the release. "The board's recent approval will take our support of this initiative to the next level, and clearly places a strategic focus on using PMA's financial resources and those of our many members to get more fresh produce into schools."


text:
Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan
Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen
Billy Burke as Charlie Swan
Ashley Greene as Alice Cullen
Nikki Reed as Rosalie Hale
Jackson Rathbone as Jasper Hale
Kellan Lutz as Emmet Cullen
Peter Facinelli as Dr. Carlisle Cullen
Cam Gigandet as James
Taylor Lautner as Jacob Black
Anna Kendrick as Jessica Stanley
Michael Welch as Mike Newton
Justin Chon as Eric Yorkie
Christian Serratos as Angela Weber
Gil Birmingham as Billy Black
Elizabeth Reaser as Esme Cullen
Edi Gathegi as Laurent
Rachelle Lefevre as Victoria
Sarah Clarke as Renee
Ned Bellamy as Waylon Forge
Gregory Tyree Boyce as Tyler
Matt Bushell as Phil
José Zúñiga as Mr. Molina
Directed by Catherine Hardwicke
Essentially, a CW take on Anne Rice, catering to the gooey-eyed fans of Meyer's novels and their unrealistic romantic expectations.
After moving to Washington State to live with her police chief father, Bella Swan (Kristen Stewart) tries to adjust to a new high school and her exceedingly strange lab partner Edward Cullen (Robert Pattinson), who seems to be turned off by her, but in fact, has a deep, dark secret he's a vampire who likes to play baseball.
Maybe I'm giving away my age or my gender or the fact I haven't read a single word that Stephenie Meyer has ever written either intentionally or by accident, so going to see this movie without any advance knowledge, even avoiding all trailers and clips, might not have been the best way to see it. (Maybe this reviewer is trying to learn from his experience with "Nick and Nora's Infinite Playlist.") If this movie is someone's first taste of Meyer's mediocre Harlequin vampire romance, one might be left somewhat mystified how it's been turned into such a global phenomenon, as enticing to women as catnip is to cats.
On the surface, there's very little difference between this and teen-minded dogs like "The Covenant" or "Blood and Chocolate" or even a less entertaining "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" with better production values. Yet any gleeful desire one might have to tear apart and analyze every aspect of the movie serves little purpose, because let's face it, nothing anyone can say or do could possibly convince the millions of women who've already bought their opening day tickets to ask for a refund.
The film's set-up is straight out of the pilot of far too many teen-oriented TV dramas. Kristen Stewart's Bella Swan moves to a new neighborhood and tries to make new friends on her first day of school at the denizens of a local high school. The weirdest clique at this school is the Cullen family, five sophisticated teens whom keep to themselves. When Bella first makes visual contact with Robert Pattinson's Edward Cullen, sparks immediately fly, but he pushes her away and tries to keep her at arm's length, much to Bella's annoyance. A freak accident puts Bella's life in danger and Edward miraculously saves her, and Bella starts to wonder if there's more to the strange boy than just his rude behavior, and she starts digging into the truth about Edward and his family. It'll take the next hour for her to figure things out are the Cullens vampires or werewolves or aliens or are they just a weird incestuous family who wear too much pancake make-up, drive cool cars and act weird around others? By the time the "v" word is actually used, you wonder how no one else in town has figured it out by now.
The movie's biggest problem is that the two main actors don't have enough personality to keep the movie interesting. Stewart's slightly better in her "bored cool" monotonic delivery she's perfected, while Pattinson's strengths lies in his ability to brood and throw longing looks at his leading lady. Whomever thought Cedric Diggory could play a leading man like this one was surely going merely by his looks, which would be par for the course for a movie that's all surface with little depth. The two actors have very little chemistry, spending much of the movie acting awkward around each other, because after all, Edward can't be in love with a human; that would be like a guy falling in love with his juicy hamburger. No, these are immortal vampires sworn not to drink human blood, so instead they act strange, glitter like sparkle in the sunlight and play baseball in thunderstorms. Yes, you read that last part right.
The rest of the young cast aren't bad–it's certainly nice seeing indie up 'n' comers like Anna Kendrick and others being used well–but the movie bogs itself down with over-exposition, especially while following Bella's search for the truth about Edward. The bland writing does very little to keep one interested, though there are some funny bits involving Bella's male friends and their interest in her, plus Billy Burke does get some genuine laughs as her overprotective father, but otherwise, the humor is mostly inside jokes for the sake of those who read the books. Most of the movie is sooooo high school that after a while, one can't help feeling that director Catherine Hardwicke needs to stop playing with teens and start playing with people her own age.
It takes a good ninety minutes for the "bad vampires," the ones that act normal by killing and eating humans, to show up and face "Team Edward." Thankfully, we're spared an actual baseball game between the two factions and are given a passing introduction to James (Cam Cigandet), the bad guy who also sets his eye on Bella as the target for his desire to hunt and kill his food. It's just bad storytelling to wait so long to properly introduce such a major character and after Bella and Edward are chased across the country to escape, he's disposed of so easily, one wonders why even bother introducing any antagonist into the situation. Even so, that doesn't stop Hardwicke from setting up the next movie, which one can probably figure out by who's left standing.
One can give Hardwicke suitable credit for finding an excellent DP in Elliot Davis, who makes every shot look stunning, whether it's the panoramic vistas of Oregon (doubling for Washington) or the tight close-ups on the intensity of the two leads. It was also a smart decision hiring Carter Burwell to do the score, embellishing the film's soundtrack, which is certainly its strong suit, as you would expect from a movie trying to cater to the CW generation. The entire movie just relies too much on the slick commercial look of the movie rather than the quality of the performances or pacing of the storytelling, the latter possibly being faulted to their desire to be faithful to Meyer's source.
The movie's production values falter tragically when it comes to the action scenes, as few as there are, mostly done using sloppy wirework and poorly-executed time-lapsing FX to show Edward using his super-speed. It's embarrassing how bad the scenes look considering the money at Hardwicke's disposal, compared to Asian action films like "Kung Fu Hustle" which look amazing at a fraction of that cost. Fortunately, the women going to see this movie won't really care about that, as long as they get a scene of Bella and Edward swooning over each other afterwards. Actual fans of vampire movies looking for any amount of blood-rending terror will be thoroughly disappointed by the innocuous way the violence is handled in the movie.
What really worries me is that movies like this one (and Meyer's books) set up unrealistic expectations for young women about romance, while making it impossible for real guys to live up to the standards set by Edward, who is just ridiculously and incredulously perfect in every way. Even so, with all of the throbbing unconsummated sexual energy permeating the movie, one can probably expect teen pregnancy to explode in the coming months as girls try to find the romantic intimacy of Bella and Edward and spend the rest of their lives being disappointed by reality.
The Bottom Line:
As much as the movie works as a showcase for Hardwicke and her crew to create a movie that looks great, the problems of the source material and its weak pacing are hard to overcome with flashy visuals and music. As someone watching it without having read the books, it's hard to understand the appeal, but it doesn't really matter. If one really must see a vampire love story this weekend, they should skip this and go see "Let the Right One In."


text:
Last season a scout from an NFC team said that Ben Roethlisberger is the most underrated player in the NFL. I already believe he's the most underrated QB in the NFL, but I'm beginning to agree that he's not just underrated among QBs.
Pittsburgh, PA: City of Champions.
we needed some accountable like billy cowher like when the ST let Eric metcalf return a punt late in the 4th for a TD after he already had one the game.
If cowher is there no way that happens
Ben broke 9 NFL records under Cowher
Sure Cowher limited Ben his first two seasons true. Would you trade 13-0 followed by youngest SB winning QB for some other coaching style?
Year 3 BC put the offense on Bens shoulders and moved away from ball control and we went from elite SB champs to playoff miss.