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Test Drive: Ferrari Racing Legends
One of the more interesting aspects of the racing genre is how ridiculously good most of the games are. Forza, Burnout, and Dirt, for example, are all so complex and engaging that they're really all you'd need to entertain yourself for a few years. Then there are the amazing games that fall into obscurity; Driver: San Francisco and Blur. Hell, even finding time for tentpole series like Need for Speed and Gran Turismo can be difficult. If you're not making the finest racing games of all time, or fulfilling a very specific niche, you probably shouldn't bother.
Enter Test Drive: Ferrari Racing Legends, a simulation-style racing game that features 51 Ferrari vehicles and races throughout the company's history. Players compete on the typical assortment of famous courses across three distinct decades. It's made by Slightly Mad Studios, the developers of Shift and Shift 2, two games that competed directly with Forza and Gran Turismo and still managed to carve out a following.
So what does Ferrari Legends bring to the table to set it apart from the pack? Not a whole lot, to be honest. There's the Ferrari hook, but let's do some math here. 51 Ferraris? That's a lot, but Forza 4 features 36 Ferraris and hundreds of other cars to boot. Maybe the Ferrari pull will make this a good stocking stuffer for someone's Ferrari-loving dad at Christmas time, but most racing fans won't be satisfied by such narrow appeal.
The premise, which sets you on a course through three eras of Ferrari history, doesn't really amount to much. Early era races begin with a sepia-toned vintage look before blending in the full color visuals. Later races feature modern era cars and faster speeds. Either way you'll make your way through each era in a dull, linear slog that requires you to finish races one at a time with no diverging paths. Racing game career modes are ultimately just a big pile of races, but the way they're presented can have a huge effect on how fun it is to keep playing. In that respect, Ferrari Legends couldn't be more boring.
The linear progression is made worse thanks to extremely uneven difficulty from one race to the next. It's not uncommon to snatch a 10-second lead on your opponents on one race, only to retry the next race again and again. One particularly difficult time trial required me to lower the difficulty to easy and cut across chunks of the track to finish it in time. When your only options are to cheat or simply stop playing, the latter starts to become quite appealing.
Those frustrations are made even worse when put in contrast with a game like Forza 4. That game's rewind function should be a racing game standard. It's detailed difficulty settings allow you to fine tune your assists like ABS and traction control. Going for higher difficulties provides substantial bonuses in Forza 4. Ferrari Legends, on the other hand, offers no such rewind function, and only provides three assist settings: Novice, Normal, or Pro. Forza offers learning AI that adjusts to your ability and play style automatically. Ferrari Legends offers Easy, Normal, and Hard, where Easy can sometimes still mean "balls hard."
In some respects it's not fair to compare Ferrari Legends to Forza 4 because the game simply doesn't set its sights that high. There are no options at all for modifying your cars. The driving physics seem closer to an arcade game, with the car turning on a central pivot rather than all four wheels. Crashes send cars careening all over the track in comical, almost Daytona USA-style form. Damage is never more than mildly cosmetic in even the most terrible crashes.
The game's AI is just as likely to run right into you and cost you the race as they are to drive off into the grass to avoid you. They're so random and unpredictable that it adds a bit of fun to the larger races. I caused a pile-up so bad in one race that I crossed the finish line with a 35-second lead. That unpredictability can hurt bad when you get spun out in the last corner of a ten minute race, though, and you'll never miss Forza 4's rewind function so badly.
Even the game's most unique feature (besides its undying love for Ferrari) is pretty half-assed. Each race is introduced with a paragraph of flavor text that reads like race car driver fan fiction. There's a cast of characters, drama over the decades, defections to other racing teams, and even hints of a love plot. It's pretty great stuff that would've given the game a unique flavor if it wasn't just a block of text.
What's truly crazy about my laundry list of complaints is that I can't even say my time with Test Drive: Ferrari Racing Legends was that awful. Swimmy driving physics or not, this game is assembled just well enough that it can still be fun. I just can't possibly recommend it when I know that all the racing games I've played in the last few years (including the developer's own Shift games) are more engaging. The genre is just so good all-around that even the bad ones aren't all that bad.
[Reviewed on Xbox 360]


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Hunter Mill District Hosts Community Softball Game
June 9, 2008
News Highlights
- Community softball game on Wednesday, June 25, from 6-8 p.m. in Reston.
- Meet police officers, other county staff and radio personalities.
- Free food and drinks provided.
More Information
The Hunter Mill District Supervisor's Office will host a community softball game on Wednesday, June 25, from 6-8 p.m. at Baron Cameron Park, 11300 Baron Cameron Ave, Reston. The Fairfax County Department of Community and Recreation Services and the Fairfax County Police Department will play WPGC-95.5 FM.
Residents are encouraged to come to the event to meet police officers, other county staff and radio personalities while cheering on the players. Free food and drinks will be provided.
"This event aims to encourage local youth, governmental agencies and other service providers to collaborate with one another and foster relationships based on respect and communication, while discouraging violence," said Hunter Mill District Supervisor Catherine Hudgins.
For more information about the community softball game or reasonable ADA accommodations, call 703-860-0676, TTY 711.
Fairfax County Office of Public Affairs
12000 Government Center Parkway, Suite 551
Fairfax, VA 22035-0065
Contact: Merni Fitzgerald, Director of Public Affairs
703-324-3187, TTY 711, Fax 703-324-2010
Media Pager: 703-324-NEWS (6397)
Fairfax County is committed to
nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in all county programs,
services and activities. To request this information in an alternate
format, call the Office of Public Affairs at 703-324-3187, TTY 711.

subset: commoncrawl


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How To Write An Executive Summary
Your executive summary is the doorway to your business plan— this is the time to grab your reader's attention and let them know what it is you do and why they should read the rest of your business plan or proposal. We'll show you how to write an executive summary that sets your business plan apart from the stack.
Your executive summary is your pitch. You've heard of and probably even given an "elevator pitch ." Write your business plan's executive summary like it's an elevator pitch that you've had the time to edit to perfection. It should introduce you, your business and your product, but the purpose of writing an executive summary is also to deliver a hard sell. Convince your reader here that you have a great idea they should invest their time and/or money in.
Write it last. Even though the executive summary is at the beginning of a finished business plan, many experienced entrepreneurs (including me) choose to write the executive summary after they've written everything else. Ideally the executive summary is short—just a page or two—and highlights the points you've made elsewhere in your business plan, so if you save it for the end, it will be quick and easy.
In this article, I will cover the following:
What Should An Executive Summary Include?
For A Standard Business Plan
In a standard business plan with a standard executive summary, the first paragraph of your executive summary should generally include your business's name, its location, what product or service you sell and the purpose of your plan.
Basically, the first paragraph is an introduction to what you—and your business plan—are all about. Another paragraph should highlight important points, such as projected sales and profits, unit sales, profitability and keys to success. Include the news you don't want anyone to miss. This is a good place to put a highlights chart—a bar chart that shows sales, gross margin and profits (before interest and taxes) for the next three years. You should also cite and explain those numbers in the text.
For An Investor-Ready Business Plan
If you're looking for investment or a loan, say so in your executive summary. Specify the amount required, and in the case of an investment, specify the percent of equity ownership offered in return. (Leave loan details out of the executive summary.)
And if you're shopping around for capital, your executive summary should be persuasive. Make your prospective investor want to keep reading ; convince them to invest in your new business idea. The best way to do this is to include the seven key components of a pitch :
1. Problem
The most important thing is to identify a problem that is worth solving. If your product or service doesn't solve a problem that potential customers have, you don't have a viable business. Simple as that. The problem you solve doesn't need to be earth-shattering—"there are no good ice cream shops in Portland" is a perfectly valid problem to solve with a business—but you need to identify it.
2. Solution
Once you've clearly defined the problem you're solving, you need to explain your solution. A clear problem statement will help you focus your solution on solving that one problem, and not stretch the solution to solve multiple potential problems. Try to describe your product or service and how it functions as a solution in just a few sentences or bullet points.
3. Target Market
It's always tempting to define a target market that's as large as possible, but that does not make for a credible pitch. For example, if you want to open an ice cream shop in Portland, you might think your target market is "everyone in Portland who eats ice cream". But what's the personality of your business? Is your ice cream shop a kid-friendly place with lots of candy toppings and funny flavor names and maybe even a playground? Is it an artisan place with locally-produced ingredients and intriguing flavors like Raspberry-Habanero Sorbet? For the first ice cream shop, your target market is Portland-area families with young kids; for the second, your target market is Portland-area foodies.
Next you'll need to do a little research to estimate how many people are in each target market segment you're after. If you live in the US, the US Census site is an invaluable resource for this. The SBA site also has a great collection of links for market research. After you have some population data, try and estimate what an average person in each group currently spends each year on their current solution to the problem you are solving. Now, just multiply the number of people in your target market segment by how much they currently spend and you will have a realistic "market size" number or your target market. These numbers are critical and are part of any good pitch.
4. Competition
Every business has competition. Even if no one has come up with a solution similar to what you have come up with, your potential customers are solving the problem they have with some alternative. For example, the competitors to the first cars weren't other cars but horses and walking. As you think about your competition and existing alternatives, think about what advantages your solution offers over the competition. Are you faster, cheaper,
better? Why would a potential customer choose your solution over someone else's?
No matter how great or unique your solution is, if you don't have the right people on board, you won't be able to see it to fruition. Why is your team the right team? Explain how you and your business partner(s) are each uniquely qualified to execute your vision for this business, and why you are the right team to bring this business to success.
If you don't have your entire team in place, that's not a mark against you. The more important thing is to understand that you have gaps in your management team and that you need to find and hire the right people. Address any gaps you think you have, and explain your plan for filling them.
6. Financial Summary
Where does your revenue come from, and what are your expenses? If your business plan is developed enough that you have a detailed sales forecast and expense budget included, reference the numbers you have (and direct the reader to the correct page of your business plan's financial summary in case they want to see more). If you don't know your industry very well yet and are still assembling a detailed financial summary for your business plan, that's okay—for a pitch, a detailed forecast and budget aren't necessarily required.Explain your business model and detail how your business will earn revenue and what your expenses will be in operation.
7. Milestones
Talking about upcoming milestones in your pitch makes your business a reality. Tell your reader about your upcoming goals and when you plan to achieve them. If you have already accomplished notable milestones, you should mention those. For example, if you are opening an ice cream shop, investors will want to know about your plans to sign a lease, design the interior and open for business. Or if you've invented a new medical device, prospective investors will want to know where you are in the clinical trial process. What steps have been accomplished and what's the projected schedule for final approvals from the FDA?
For An Internal Plan, Operations Plan or Strategic Plan
An internal plan—such as an annual operations plan or a strategic plan—doesn't have to be as formal with its executive summary. Make the purpose of the plan clear, and make sure the highlights are covered, but you don't necessarily need to repeat the business location, your product or service description, your team's biographies or other details.
How Long Should An Executive Summary Be?
Never waste words in an executive summary. Experts differ on how long an executive summary should be—some insist that it takes just a page or two, others recommend a more detailed summary, taking as much as ten pages, covering enough information to substitute for the plan itself—but although 50+ page business plans used to be common, investors and lenders these days expect a concise, focused plan.
The best length for an executive summary is a single page. Emphasize the main points of your plan and keep it brief. You are luring your readers in to read more of the plan, not explaining every detail of your business. A helpful exercise in writing concisely is to try to make every point you want to make—such as the seven key elements of a pitch—in three sentences or fewer.
Don't confuse an executive summary with the summary memo. The executive summary is the first chapter in a business plan. The summary memo is a separate document, normally only 5–10 pages at most, which is used to substitute for the business plan with people who aren't ready to see the whole plan yet.
Executive Summary Format
The standard executive summary format is about a page of writing, followed by easy-to-skim subsections that highlight your main points. These subsections are usually your financial chart—a bar chart that shows sales, gross margin and profits (before interest and taxes) for the next three years—followed by your main objectives (a numbered or bulleted list is best), your mission statement and your keys to success (i.e. what makes your business stand out from your competitors).
More Executive Summary Advice
Choose from hundreds of executive summary examples. Every business plan begins with an executive summary. Take advantage of Bplans' more than 500 examples of good business plans —all available online for free—to search for the sample plan that best fits your business's profile, and then use that plan's free example executive summary as a guide to help you through the process of writing your own.
Don't make common mistakes. I've seen thousands of business plans, good and bad, and I can tell you that avoiding these common business planning errors will put you far ahead of the curve.
More Business Planning Resources
Sample business plans . Over 500 free sample business plans from various industries.
Business plan template . This fill-in-the-blank business plan template is in the format preferred by banks and the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA).
How to start a business . An easy-to-follow six-step process for starting a new business.
LivePlan . Easy, cloud-based business planning software for everyone. This online software includes expert advice, built-in help and more than 500 complete sample business plans.
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Source: articles.bplans.com
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Welcome to Experts at Laurier, a one-stop media resource featuring a broad database of experts who have agreed to make themselves available for media interviews. Contact them directly or call a media relations officer at 519-884-0710, ext. 3067 or 3070.
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Microchip Technology Incorporated (NASDAQ: MCHP), a leading provider of microcontroller, mixed-signal, analog and Flash-IP solutions, today announced that its Board of Directors has declared a quarterly cash dividend on its common stock of 35.4 cents per share. The dividend is payable on September 4, 2013 to stockholders of record on August 21, 2013. Microchip initiated quarterly cash dividend payments in the third quarter of fiscal year 2003 and has increased its dividend 38 times since its inception. "Microchip's first quarter of fiscal 2014 financial performance was outstanding. We grew our cash and investment balance to almost $1.9 billion, and our cash generation continues to be very strong," said Steve Sanghi, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. "Our Board of Directors authorized an increase in our quarterly cash dividend to a record 35.4 cents per share, which continues to reflect our ongoing commitment to returning value to stockholders." Cautionary Statement: The statements contained in this release relating to cash generation continuing to be very strong and our commitment to returning value to our stockholders are forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to: actual cash flows generated from and used in the operation of our business; actual or projected levels of capital expenditures; our balance of cash and investments and whether such cash and investments are in the U.S. or foreign accounts; the tax impact of distributing accumulated earnings and profits held by our foreign subsidiaries to the U.S.; changes in the tax rates that our stockholders pay on our dividends; our available borrowings under our credit agreement, the impact of any significant acquisitions we may make; our ability to realize the expected benefits of our acquisitions, changes in demand or market acceptance of our products and the products of our customers; the mix of inventory we hold and our ability to satisfy short-term orders from our inventory; changes in utilization of our manufacturing capacity and our ability to effectively manage our production levels; our ability to control the level of operating expenses relative to our level of revenues; competitive developments including pricing pressures; the level of orders that are received and can be shipped in a quarter; the level of sell-through of our products through distribution; changes or fluctuations in customer order patterns and seasonality; costs and outcome of any current or future tax audit or any litigation involving intellectual property, customers or other issues; disruptions in our business or the businesses of our customers or suppliers due to natural disasters (including any floods in Thailand), terrorist activity, armed conflict, war, worldwide oil prices and supply, public health concerns or disruptions in the transportation system; and general economic, industry or political conditions in the United States or internationally.
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|October 1, 1999
Volume 1, Issue 40
|Midwifery Today E-News
"Omnium Gatherum"
Print Page
Pass E-News on to your friends and colleagues—it's free!
Broaden your education in Jamaica and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania!
Make plans now to attend one or both these conferences:
* Ocho Rios, Jamaica, December 2-6, 1999
Get your program online at Midwifery Today's new website: www.midwiferytoday.com
- Mothering magazine: Mothering is in its 24th year of providing inspiration for attachment parenting. Mothering guides, nurtures, and supports while providing the latest on controversial parenting topics.
- Cascade Health Care: Cascade HealthCare Products, Inc. began business in 1979 with the primary goal to provide supplies and equipment for the emerging profession of midwifery. We have developed a complete product line that not only serves midwives, but nurse midwives, childbirth educators, lactation consultants, visiting nurses, birth centers, WIC programs, nurse practitioners, doulas, and professionals dealing with expectant parents, families and women's healthcare.
* Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, March 23-27, 2000
Program is now available. For your copy of the printed programs, send your full name and postal address to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please mention code 940.
If you or your organization would like to sponsor four issues of Midwifery Today E-News, write to firstname.lastname@example.com. Don't miss our special introductory price!
This issue of Midwifery Today E-News is sponsored by:
- Infantime
Look for their ad below!
Send responses to newsletter items to email@example.com
In This Week's Issue:
1) Quote of the Week
1) Quote of the Week:
"Our doubts are traitors, and make us lose the good we oft might win, by fearing to attempt."
- William Shakespeare
2) The Art of Midwifery
An interesting article in an old British ob-gyn journal indicated vernix should be left on a newborn rather than washed off because it helps the infant maintain body temperature. Forget the newborn bath!
- Phylis Austin, Midwifery Today Issue 40
Share your midwifery arts with E-News readers! Send your favorite tricks to firstname.lastname@example.com
Collective wisdom from Midwifery Today back issues is always available! Get 10% off your order (before shipping & handling) if you mention code 940. Regular prices: Issues 1-39, $7 ea; 40 and up, $10 ea; current issue, $12.50. Offer expires Oct. 29. E-mail email@example.com for catalog.
3) News Flashes
Researchers at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center reported that a deficiency in short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (SCHAD) may be responsible for a small portion of otherwise unexplained deaths in children younger than one year old. The researchers studied 150 infant deaths and found the deficiency present in 2% of the cases. A deficiency of SCHAD is a congenital metabolic error that occurs as fatty acids derived from fat stores in the body are metabolized. As a result, fatty acids can enter the liver but cannot generate energy or produce ketones. The brain starves from the deficit of ketones, and the infant becomes comatose.
- JAMA Vol. 2, No. 12, Sept. 22/29, 1999
An interactive educational software package focusing on pregnancy and childbirth which takes a woman through pregnancy week-by-week. Written by a doctor and a midwife. Includes a fun bonus screen saver that helps in choosing the baby's name. www.infantime.com
4) Question of the Week
What are others doing when a woman has a shallow secondary degree tear, haemostasis has occurred naturally, and the wound edges sit nicely together even with the woman's legs apart?
- Sandi
Send your responses or submit a Question of the Week to firstname.lastname@example.com
5) Switchboard
In response to Jean (Issue 35) regarding a tilted uterus and ability to get pregnant: Give yourself some time (certainly a year), and don't worry. If you don't feel like having sex sometimes, don't. Many women feel more interested in sex around the time they ovulate. I have heard it recommended that right after sex stay lying on your back with your knees up for around half an hour before getting up. I also have a "tipped womb." Don't know if I'm especially fertile, but the first time I got pregnant on the second month. The second time I got pregnant the very first time, and was feeling morning sickness within a week.
- Susan Hodges
I am not a medical expert nor do I have statistics on this issue, but my mother was diagnosed with a tipped uterus and was told she would probably never be able to have children. She went on to have six (whether she wanted that many or not) without any problems.
- E. Stukel, AAHCC
I teach Natural Family Planning, a method in which a woman charts her cycle and depending on the couple's intention (to avoid or achieve a pregnancy) they either abstain or not. The worst advice I have seen OBs give their patients is to wait until Day 14. If you have a 21 day cycle, you ovulated around Day 7. From the time of ovulation to the time of bright red bleeding (your period) is between 12-16 days (average 14). No matter how long your cycles are, ovulation to period is 12-16 days. Always. So I have had couples who have been told by their doctors to abstain until Day 14, then try every other day after that until the woman gets her period. When a woman recently told me her OB advised this, I asked how long her cycles are. She said 20-21 days. For over a year they have been trying; it does not take Einstein to figure out why she is not getting pregnant.
I am not sure why the medical profession assumes every woman has a 28 day cycle. I have seen a range of 20-45 and these women are all "normal." (This is why the medical profession states that babies are "late" when they really are not. The due dates are calculated as if all women have a 28 day cycle). So after the couple is not able to achieve pregnancy after a year, she is now on Clomid. I asked this woman if any tests were done to determine why she was not getting pregnant (though I knew why), she said no. They just put her on drugs regardless.
It is so frustrating when the medical community uses women as lab rats for the drug companies. It is far easier to write a prescription than it is to take the time to find out what is going on with her body.
Chart your cycle and see where you are at. Keep in mind that being on the pill, Norplant or Depo for an extended amount of time can greatly reduce your chance of achieving. Note I said *can* reduce, not *will*. Why some women on the pill (or any other hormone) for many years get pregnant the first month and other women try years after going off the pill is a mystery. My midwife friend tells her patients that when they take the Depo shots, it could take them over a year to get pregnant after the last shot was administered. When one messes with Mother Nature and how our bodies were designed, infertility can be an outcome.
I have also told women to quit all caffeine, alcohol and processed foods. In addition, after coming together during your most fertile time, prop a pillow under your bottom and keep still for at least a half hour. As well, the book Nutrition, Cycles and Fertility is an excellent resource.
I also have a tilted uterus and am extremely fertile. Two of those pregnancies were for friends who couldn't have children. Because my uterus is tilted toward my back, my cervix is not placed high inside my vagina. It is just barely inside on my anterior wall. Even with my cervix in that position, I have had easy conceptions, healthy pregnancies and delightful births. I hope the following information about myself will be helpful to you.
Position: My conceptions, both natural and artificially inseminated, have occurred when I am upright and active within 30 minutes or so. I don't have any proof that this works except my own pregnancies. When I have tried to become pregnant by making love just prior to sleeping, I didn't conceive. For my artificial inseminations, a latex cap held the semen against the cervix. I removed it four hours after the insemination. This worked on our first month of inseminations with the first surrogate baby. With my second I appeared to have an allergic reaction to the cap during the first and second month of trying. On the third month we just inserted the semen into my vagina, waited 10 minutes, and went home. I got pregnant. With my three natural conceptions I didn't use any device. All three were a result of afternoon or morning love making where I was up and busy within 30 minutes.
Timing: Many women who have difficulty conceiving have an unusual cycle. Their periods may or may not be regular, but they may not ovulate at the "normal" time (14 days after the first day of your menstrual cycle). Three of my pregnancies were accomplished by using an ovulation test kit, which can be bought over the counter. It involves a urine test every day, beginning around Day 11-12 of your cycle. A test reaction (check the directions) indicates a hormone surge that precedes ovulation by 12-36 hours. That is your cue to begin trying to conceive. If this doesn't work within a few months, you can also see a gynecologist/fertility specialist for daily ovarian ultrasounds after the test reacts to pinpoint the day of ovulation.
Frequency of love making: If the male sperm count is low, or has low motility, you may get the best quality semen by making love every other day. If the male does not have count or motility problems, it may be fine to try daily. The sperm are usually alive and active for 24-72 hours after ejaculation. The ovum is viable for up to 3 days as well. So daily love making is not necessary. Also, 40% of infertility is due to male factors. A sperm count and motility test is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive.
Other factors: I have personally found that stress is the greatest inhibitor to conception. It's too easy to get caught up in the mechanics of ovulation and conception. Find your balance, and keep laughing. A sense of humor is the only way to stay sane during conception attempts, pregnancy, and certainly parenting. I also recommend the national infertility support group RESOLVE; contact them at: www.resolve.org
- Candy Hall Brunk
From a few fairly "dry" days post menstruation, you will progress to a couple of very "wet" days mid-cycle. This is a sign that ovulation is imminent. A day or two later you will notice your mucous is like egg white, very thick and stretchy. You may notice a big glob of it when you wipe after going to the toilet. This is fertile mucous. Sperm can live in fertile mucous for up to seven days. If you start having sex when you notice that you are wetter, or by counting the days from your period, you will be more likely to have sperm lying in wait for the ovum to be released. Most eggs are actually fertilized in the fallopian tubes, not the womb itself. Once an ovum is released it only lives for around 36 hours, so to have sperm waiting will increase the chances of fertilization. Some women actually have a physical sensation with ovulation, a sort of low, dull pain. Ovulation alternates between ovaries each month (generally speaking), so the sensation will alternate as well. In our culture we tend to focus on menstruation rather than the monthly cycle which includes ovulation. You can also monitor your basal temperature to recognize ovulation.
For information needed to maximize chances of getting pregnant, I recommend a book that will not cost you thousands of dollars: Taking Charge of Your Fertility by Toni Weschler. It covers every aspect of your cycle, including how to conceive, how to avoid it, health issues, when to get other professional help, and more.
- Jenny Griebenow
My son's foreskin had never retracted and when he started developing at age 12 a paediatrician suggested circumcision to reduce the risk of phimosis. The foreskin was very tight and ballooned a little when my son voided. After referencing many sources I consented, after full consultation with my son. He had been concerned and was keen to have it done. I stress this was with no coercion from me or his father and I made sure he fully understood all about the procedure, risks and aftercare. He has been fine since having it done and had no ill effects.
Now I have read it can take up to 17 years for a foreskin to retract [Issue 37] and I am devastated. Any reassurance anybody? Any further info on 17 year olds having a foreskin retract for the first time with no risk of phimosis?
- Cheryl
When I talk about circumcision in my childbirth classes I start out by
I had my latest son circumcised because my husband wanted it done. My son objected to having his legs strapped down and was crying so that he never noticed the needle he was given for the local freezing. The method used was the Plastibell. I stayed with him during the procedure and he sucked unconcernedly on my finger while it was being performed as he couldn't feel a thing. I was instructed to apply an antibiotic ointment to the circ for a few days until the plastic ring came off. He had no noticeable pain upon urination at any time and he never had a problem with inconsolable crying, nursing or anything else that I can see. So circumcision isn't always necessarily the horrible event some people would like to make it out to be.
- Cheryl Grenon
A public health nurse and I got into quite the heated argument about circumcision. She was all for it due to the major infections she saw in her practice. I finally realized that she was part of the problem. I explained that as healthcare workers we need to know how to care for the uncircumcised. I am not sure what the outcome of that was--did she change? Probably not. I did give her some info though. I think we all need to be sure our women know all about the why's and why not's and what to do when you decide to leave your babe alone.
- Kelley Thomas-Hill CD
While most circumcisions are not done for medical reasons, some are. My husband had to be circumcised at 34 years old because his foreskin was too tight and tore and bled profusely after sex. His father and cousins all had the same thing. My son was lucky enough to be born missing 50% of his foreskin. Had he been born with an intact foreskin I would have had to choose between not circumcising him and letting him experience what my husband did or circumcising him and having to put up with all the circ. bashing out there. Nothing is ever black and white and most people are only trying to do what is best for their children.
- Sara Mills
I am disappointed at this jab at Jewish circumcision. Circumcision, *as it is practiced today,* is a sacred commandment of the Jews. The rabbis of the past are held in very high esteem by religious Jews and are believed to have been divinely inspired. I have read studies that show that circumcisions performed by mohels are practically painless. The woman whose letter you printed is a rare exception to the rule.
I agree that routine medical circumcision is unnecessary and perhaps cruel, but bris milah is an entirely different thing. Even if you disagree with me, I still think it would have been very possible to publish an article on circumcision that politely avoided the religious issue.
- Anon.
Editor's note: The article excerpt included in E-News was by no stretch of the imagination meant as a jab at Jewish holy law. It was only intended as a bit of historical explanation as to why so much foreskin is removed today. I found it interesting, compassionate and a relief to read that all that was originally intended was for the mohel to excise only a small part of the foreskin. I wonder why so much continues to be cut to this day. The author of the article (printed in Midwifery Today Issue 17) prefaced her writing with this note: "I am not trying to convince Orthodox Jews not to circumcise. I am trying to show that circumcision can be done in a much less radical and painful way and still fulfill religious obligations."
Regarding Sandra's enquiry about the use of goat milk instead of formula: Goat milk, if it is prepared as a commercial formula specifically for infants, can be used for a newborn very satisfactorily. However, plain goat milk is not considered suitable for newborns as it lacks sufficient folic acid. The protein in goat milk is similar to that in cow milk, and may or may not be just as difficult for a highly allergic child as cow milk. It depends on what the child is sensitive to. A trial would be needed to check this out.
- Anne
My cousin was born about 21 years ago with severe allergies to almost everything. His mother was on many different medications and couldn't or didn't want to nurse him. The only food he could tolerate was fresh goat milk. I have heard that it is the closest thing to mother's milk.
- Pam
Goat milk is *not* similar to human milk. If goat milk was modified in a "formula" to be like human milk, then it wouldn't be much different than cow milk formula.
- Jill Lund, RD, MS
Goat milk is for kids, but not of the human species! Compared to human milk, goat milk has less energy, due to its lower fat and carbohydrate content. It's too high in protein to be appropriate for a newborn's renal system (two and a half times the protein of human milk) and too low in carbohydrate (about 60% of the amount in human milk). Goat milk has four times the calcium content of human milk, again a problem for infant kidneys, two thirds the iron, more Vitamin A and thiamine but much less riboflavin, niacin and Vitamin C.
The table I am citing (Handbook of Dairy Products, from the Norwegian dairy association, and yes, they include nutritional info on "women's milk" along with cow and goat milk in their table) doesn't have information on folic acid, but I seem to remember from my maternal-child nutrition course in about 1980 that goat milk is very low in folic acid as well. From the same table, one can see that cow milk and goat milk are much more similar than either one is to human milk. I hope this doesn't surprise anyone now working as a midwife!
Greetings from Norway, where the value of breastmilk is calculated into the GNP,
My midwife is open to the idea of a home VBAC, and I have instigated a change in the benefits policy of my employer to cover homebirths in the benefits package. Now my next and it seems most important task is to find a OBGYN who will act as a backup in the event I need to be transported to the hospital. It seems pretty daunting in my beyond conservative, hospital congested city. Any Internet resources that might give me some leads into finding the right OBGYN would be fabulous. Any ideas?
Saludos de Mexico! I am an aspiring midwife and would love to be in touch with others, aspiring, or otherwise, also located in Mexico. Les mando un abrazo caluroso,
6) Classified Advertising
Doula Training: Bring emotional, informational and comfort support to birthing families. Train to be a doula. October 8 and 9, New Orleans, Louisiana or October 22 and 23, West Union, Iowa. Contact Debbie 1-800-648-3662 or firstname.lastname@example.com
7) Coming E-News Themes
Coming issues of Midwifery Today E-News will carry the following themes. You are enthusiastically invited to write articles, make comments, tell stories, send techniques, ask questions, write letters or news items related to these themes:
- Vitamin K (Oct. 8)
We look forward to hearing from you very soon! Send your submissions to email@example.com. Some themes will be duplicated over time, so your submission may be filed for later use.
This publication is presented by Midwifery Today, Inc., for the sole purpose of disseminating general health information for public benefit. The information contained in or provided through this publication is intended for general consumer understanding and education only and is not intended to be, and is not provided as, a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Midwifery Today, Inc., does not assume liability for the use of this information in any jurisdiction or for the contents of any external Internet sites referenced, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advertised in this publication. Always seek the advice of your midwife, physician, nurse or other qualified health care provider before you undergo any treatment or for answers to any questions you may have regarding any medical condition.
Copyright Notice
The content of E-News is copyrighted by Midwifery Today, Inc., and, occasionally, other rights holders. You may forward E-News by e-mail an unlimited number of times, provided you do not alter the content in any way and that you include all applicable notices and disclaimers. You may print a single copy of each issue of E-News for your own personal, noncommercial use only, provided you include all applicable notices and disclaimers. Any other use of the content is strictly prohibited without the prior written permission of Midwifery Today, Inc., and any other applicable rights holders.
© 1999 Midwifery Today, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Midwifery Today: Each One Teach One!


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NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Monday, September 25, 2017
African American Health
Borderline hypertensive
My blood pressure is normaly 110/80 howeve, but I`ve notice that when I`m active like cleaning or cooking or excrising or walking or working my blood pressure goes up or when I get upset. My head start hurting as if it`s expanding and I feel my heart is pounding. This don`t happen everyday, only when I`m stressed. Other than that I`m fine. I`m easy going person. Hypertenison don`t run in my family. As a Black woman I`m concerned.
The blood pressure is affected by many influences. Exercise, stress, anxiety, pain will all elevate blood pressure even in those without hypertension (or high blood pressure). Extremely high blood pressures can be achieved in the presence of these factors. However, hypertension is only diagnosed when the blood pressure is equal or greater than 140/90 mmHg after a 5 minute rest, in a quiet area, in a patient who has not smoked a cigarette or coffee within 30 min, and their blood pressure is measured according standard procedures. In addition, the blood pressure should be repeated and the average of the two should meet these criteria. If under the above circumstances, your blood pressure is 110/80, it is likely that you do not have to worry about having high blood pressure or hypertension.
However, you still need to continue to check your blood pressure. Even in patients who are not hypertensive by age 50, approximately 90% can still expect to get it over the next 20 yrs. Thus, I would recommend continuing life style measures designed to decrease risk of high blood pressure: regular aerobic exercise, restrict calories to decrease or maintain your weight at recommended levels, eat diets that are high in fruits, vegetables, grains, low fat dairy products, but low in salt.
Jackson T Wright, MD, PhD, FACP
Professor of Medicine
School of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University


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A FORMER Milford Haven man who sexually assaulted a young girl has been jailed for three years.
Roger Brian Wakefield, aged 43, admitted the offence and appeared before Judge Paul Thomas at Swansea crown court on Thursday to be sentenced.
Wakefield, formerly of Cutty Sark Drive, recently moved to Skewen, near Swansea.
Geraint Walters, prosecuting, said he had confessed to an adult friend what he had done but after being arrested he at first denied that anything had happened.
But on appearing in court he entered a plea of guilty.
Mr Walters said when police arrested Wakefield on different allegations they found he was in possession of a locknife with a four inch blade.
Wakefield admitted possessing a bladed article in a public place.
Stephen Rees, the barrister representing Wakefield, claimed he had been sexually abused himself when he was 14.
Judge Thomas said that because of that abuse Wakefield should have appreciated the psychological harm he would cause the girl by assaulting her.
Wakefield was ordered to register with the police as a sex offender until further notice.


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How to Talk to Your Children About Money
- How to Raise a Saver
As parents, we naturally want what's best for our kids. We want them to be polite, respectful, healthy, curious, and smart. And we hope that someday, they will grow into successful adults with independent, fulfilling lives. How best to accomplish this? Well, along with teaching the ABCs, 123s, and right from wrong, teaching your child the basics of financial literacy can help you raise a saver and lay the foundation for your child's bright financial future.
- Kids Saving Early – A Grandfather's View
Establishing good financial behaviors early is childhood helps to ensure those behaviors will carry over to adulthood.
- Teach your teenager how to manage a summer salary
Here's some advice that may help your teen make the most of his or her summer salary and develop a solid basis for future financial success.
- Teaching your child about money
Teaching young children about money will give them a solid foundation for making a lifetime of financial decisions.
- Teaching your college-age child about money
- Teaching your teen about money
- Ways Parents Can Help Their Boomerang Kids


text: The Oregon Tech Online Office is in Boivin Hall on Oregon Tech's main campus, which is located in Klamath Falls, Oregon. The office is open Monday - Friday from 8am to 5pm all year long except for major holidays. The Online Office toll free number is 866.497.0008. The fax number is 541.885.1139. The office email account address is firstname.lastname@example.com. Listed below are the direct phone numbers and email links to reach each staff member.


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StartUpHire is the place to find jobs at Ft Worth startups. Review the list of Ft Worth career opportunities to the left. These Ft Worth, TX jobs at startups represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
You can refine your job search for Ft Worth career opportunities by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options.
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We found more than one result that might meet your needs.


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To insure your action figure collection, get in touch with Collectibles Insurance, the official insurance company of the Figures.com network. Say "Figures.com" to get 5% off your first term premiums.
To buy action figures, take a look at BigBadToyStore.com, Toynk.com, BriansToys.com, ToyWiz.com, and MonkeyDepot.com.
Journey to the far corners of your imagination with Willow, for the first time ever on Blu-ray. Written and produced by George Lucas and directed by Ron Howard, the film tells a timeless fantasy tale in which heroes come in all sizes... and adventure is the greatest magic of all. In celebration of its 25th anniversary, the unforgettable classic has been fully digitally restored and debuts on Blu-ray and DVD Combo Pack March 12, 2013 from Lucasfilm Ltd. and Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment.
When young Willow Ufgood (Warwick Davis; Harry Potter franchise) finds an abandoned baby girl, he learns she is destined to end the reign of the wicked Queen Bavmorda (Jean Marsh; Upstairs, Downstairs). In order to protect the child, Willow must team up with a rogue swordsman (Val Kilmer; Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang) and overcome the forces of darkness in the ultimate battle of good versus evil!
The Willow Blu-ray and DVD include an array of extras with never-before-seen exclusive content such as deleted scenes with remarks from Ron Howard, a personal video diary of Warwick Davis, matte paintings and much more. In addition, look out for Ron Howards new introduction for the original 1988 featurette The Making of an Adventure, as well as special effect legend Dennis Murens new intro to his piece, From Morf to Morphing: The Dawn of Digital Filmmaking.
WILLOW is presented in widescreen with 5.1 DTS HD Master Audio (Lossless). Special features include:
o NEW Willow: Deleted Scenes with Ron Howard
o NEW Willow: An Unlikely Hero Personal Video Diary of Warwick Davis
o The Making of an Adventure with an all new introduction from Ron Howard
o From Morf to Morphing with an all new introduction from Dennis Muren
o Matte Paintings
o Easter Egg


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DESPITE A HEAT wave that curbed early attendance at the Marin County Fair, capacity crowds packed festivities over the weekend, and county officials chalked it up as another festive triumph.
Fair attendance of 114,200 was down from last year's record 122,000, and the sizzling weather with highs in the 90s that roasted the county for the first two days of the event "may have had an impact," noted fair chief Jim Farley.
Admission receipts totaled about $1.2 million, down from last year's $1.4 million. About $1.1 million was chalked up in food and beverage sales, down from last year's $1.2 million. Parking revenue totaled $111,000, up from $105,000.
The Wailers drew the largest crowd among eight concert headliners, packing the lagoon island on Saturday.
The Chinese Circus of Beijing drew capacity crowds over the five days, attracting 12,000 visitors to 15 performances in the 800-seat Marin Veterans' Memorial Auditorium.
Police reported few problems. Deputies enforcing a "gang garb" dress code said they saw no one, including a number of gang members, who wore anything advertising their gang affiliation.
"I'm told this year's fair was the quietest we've had in quite some time," Undersheriff Mike Ridgway said. "I can say with certainty that we made seven arrests over the five-day run — three for simple public intoxication; one for a strong-armed robbery; two for misdemeanor domestic violence; and one for public intoxication, resisting arrest and battery on a police officer."
"I am proud of the leading-edge collaboration built between the Marin County Fair and the Marin County Office of Education and the partnership with School Rules Marin," Farley said. "The 2013 Marin County Fair celebrated teachers and students in so many ways — from exhibits to contests to performers — from schools across Marin County."
County schools chief Mary Jane Burke called the fair a big success that reflected innovation, community engagement and a "look into the future of education" that is well worth investing in.
Farley said that the most popular exhibits included the Virtual Learning Center, which featured a virtual dance game, an airplane simulator dubbed Viper 2.0 built by San Rafael students, a 3-D printer and "world's largest" pop-up art book created during the fair by a Youth in Arts team for submission to the Guiness Book of World Records.
Farley also noted that a new educational technology contest proved popular. In the inaugural year of the "quick pics" contest, 150 images taken at the fair were entered through smartphones and posted on Instagram. And more than 300 images taken on smartphones before the fair were displayed in a "mobilography" exhibit.
Farley is already planning the 2014 fair, his last production before retiring after four decades at the county, where he began as an usher at Marin Center, rising to take over fair duties in 1987.
"In my aloha year, we plan to offer more family fun than ever before — from marching bands to spectacular fireworks to family-friendly attractions," Farley said. "I hope to create more magic for fair guests in 2014."
Contact Nels Johnson via email at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him at twitter.com/nelsjohnsonnews


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Express your opinion on any subject you wish. Not all comments are published. Call 304-357-4451 or email email@example.com.
The traffic lights in Charleston are timed and sequenced fairly well. But several side streets have the green light too long. The city engineer should investigate.
If an expensive shiny diesel pickup has a chrome fuel tank and electric pump in the bed, you can probably bet he's running off-road fuel in the truck and not paying highway taxes.
Afraid more negative news from D.C. will hurt Democrats in mid-term elections Harry Reid has all but shut Congress down. He's not smart enough to realize the damage is done. America is waking up and seeing which party has hurt our country the most.
As long as my hard-earned money pays taxes that are used to fund your EBT card, what you spend it on is my business.
Mountaineers are not free. We need to change our state slogan. Freedom doesn't result in mine and gas companies being able to rough shod over families and individual property owners. Our state slogan should be open for exploitation. Manchin almost had it right. Sorrow for those living near Kanawha State Forest.
Has anyone checked to see how much money the new state superintendent of schools has contributed to Manchin's election or re-election campaigns?
There were as many protesters as viewers at the recent golf game at Greenbrier. National news covered it but the local news must have missed them.
Longtime AFL-CIO endorsed candidate Glenn Gainer is the workingman's best vote for Congress. His opponent has a dismal 40 percent labor voting record. He has shown by his voting that he is against workers, seniors, and women. Don't be misled. Do your own research.
How come our president has armed security guards around the White House, but the only security guards at the country's border are babysitting illegal aliens? Yet, the president wants our unemployed citizens to pay for the care of his illegal aliens.
King James returning to Cleveland? What's next, Rich Rod returning to WVU? We could hope.
West Virginia is number one in total idiots per square foot for even considering allowing mountaintop removal around Kanawha State Forest, five miles from our Capitol, one of the state's most beautiful landmarks.
To those complaining about insurance plans covering birth control: Insurance plans also cover pregnancy, whether planned or unplanned. And trust me, a pregnancy is exponentially more expensive than contraception. And if a family is on public assistance, you'll also help pay to raise that unplanned child. So wouldn't you rather help pay for birth control?
The money on your EBT card comes from taxes paid by working people. Yes the person who works but has to use coupons and buy generic to stretch their paycheck has every right to be upset when you misuse your EBT card.
Over the years, I have purchased many cars from Joe Holland Chevrolet. My first in 1969, a Chevelle SS. I will never buy another car there. For personal reasons, I cannot accept Joey making medical decisions for his female employees.
I saw again a derogatory remark about a person or group being liberal in this space. What I do not understand is, what is wrong with being liberal? I have as much right to be liberal as anyone has being conservative. I am conservative with my financial status but I share some of it with those less fortunate than I am. I pay the income tax I am supposed to but I do not like subsidizing multi-billion-dollar corporations who (since our outstanding Supreme Court ruled corporations are people) make billions in profit yearly.
I totally support Kent Carper and Dave Hardy for trying to get Mark Plants to resign. They are correct. Mr. Plants is not performing all the duties that he was elected to do. On a regular job you would be out the door. The people of Kanawha County need to stand in support of his removal from office. He is a cheat everyday that he is on the payroll.
I would like to see President Obama counter-sue John Boehner for wasting taxpayer money and not doing his job.
You people carping about bicycle rules of the highway have missed the mark. ATVs are a much bigger physical and financial burden than bicycles will ever be. ATV accidents only make the news only if there is a fatality. What costs taxpayers more is the accidents that incur maiming and disability, of which is there are many. So, who foots the bill for these uninsured vehicles? These vehicles need to be barred from all roads, and if riding on an authorized trail, should have medical and collision insurance.
I agree 100% with the reader who suggested that people who talk on their phones and text while driving should be penalized the same as if they were driving drunk. Several times I have had to blow my horn to get one of those idiots to acknowledge that I was, in fact, on the road before they plowed into me with their head down looking at their phone.


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We try our best to give you an approximate P+P cost through email by request. But please understand the price quoted is an approximate cost. We cannot ring the Courier or Post Office for every single request. So we reserve the right to change our quoted P+P price. We do every order where possible, at the best price, and of course if you are not happy we can cancel the transaction. If the postage is stated as FREE, this is to UK Mainland only. Please contact us by email about postage cost to other areas. Please ask all questions before bidding and purchasing. All payments must be made within 7 working days. Non paying buyer's alerts will be reported after 7 days to recover eBay charges to seller. Please note that we are open 9:00 - 5:00 most days except sunday and we will be able to answer messages during this time...We will try and answer messages as quickly as possible. If you would like help please call us on 07768 955436
WE ship internationally to over 50 countries. Within checkout you will clearly see a list of countries we ship to. Exact postage will be calculated and customers will be informed at checkout IF NOT JUST CLICK ASK A Questions ON THE LISTING AND WE WILL answer AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE
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phone: 503-823-7529
1120 SW Fifth Avenue, Portland, OR 97204
phone: 503-823-7529
1120 SW Fifth Avenue, Portland, OR 97204
Leash Pets and Scoop Poop to Keep Parks Healthy!
Portland's parks, natural areas and trails are extensively used for all types of recreation, and dog owners help keep parks safe and healthy for all visitors by obeying leash and scoop laws and rules.
Leash laws ensure dogs are controlled by their owners at all times, which keeps people and other dogs safe, and protects park land and wildlife. Removal of dog waste prevents spread of disease that waste can carry, and avoids impacts to recreational use, water quality, wildlife, and vegetation.
Leash/Scoop Compliance Program
Portland Parks & Recreation encourages compliance with leash and scoop laws through education, enforcement, and by providing off-leash areas (OLAs) for legal dog-owner recreation. Our efforts include:
Education campaigns, such as Pet Health for Parks, Dogs for the Environment, and Pettiquette for Parks
In-park outreach visits
Developing park signs, presentations, and flyers to increase awareness and understanding of leash/scoop laws
Park Ranger patrols, which use park warnings and citations to increase leash/scoop law compliance
Intensive outreach and enforcement efforts at parks where low compliance impacts park health, safety, or enjoyability
Special events like Flicks with Fido, and participating community and partner events like Doggie Dash and Aarf in the Park


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Headlines (News Releases)
R. Murray Schafer to attend world premiere of his composition at Laurier
Communications, Public Affairs & Marketing
Mar 20/13| For Immediate Release
Glen Carruthers, Dean
Kevin Crowley, Director, Communications & Public Affairs
WATERLOO Internationally renowned Canadian composer R. Murray Schafer will attend the world premiere of his work, Four Songs for Harp and Mezzo-Soprano, at Wilfrid Laurier Universitys Waterloo campus Thursday, March 28.
In addition to the premiere, the concert will feature Schafers Theseus, performed by The Penderecki String Quartet (PSQ), harpist Lori Gemmell and mezzo-soprano Patricia OCallaghan.
Murrays music covers such an enormous range of expression, said Gemmell. It is beautiful, powerful and outrageous. His new songs are deeply intimate, written for his wife Eleanor, and focus on love in its most delicate terms.
Jeremy Bell, a member of PSQ said, The work we will be playing is exceptional and the instrumental colours alone evoke an ancient time and place. It is exhilarating to perform Schafer's music and it will be exciting to have him present in the audience.
Born in 1933, Schafer is commonly regarded as Canadas greatest living composer. He has won worldwide acclaim for his achievements not only as a composer, but also as an educator, environmentalist, literary scholar, visual artist and provocateur.
The concert begins at noon on March 28 in the Maureen Forrester Recital Hall. Following the recital, Schafer welcomes audience members to participate in a question and answer period. He will also act as guest lecturer and discuss his piece, Hear the Sounds go Round, with Laurier students.
Admission to the concert is free. For more information, contact Allan Keith at firstname.lastname@example.com or 519-884-0710 ext. 4439.


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I am huge fan of Tom Waits. Even if your not into his style you have to appreciate the crazy broken pianos, drum kits and liquor induced vocals he produces. Besides his drunken rants he also creates some awesome love songs like Picture in a Frame and I Hope That I Don't Fall In Love With You.
Michael Blair is one of the people behind the Wait's sound. He has created a drum kit expansion library for EZdrummer by Toontrack called "Twisted Kit". It features some of these unique sounds based on real life objects such as Cardboard Box, Hubcap and Cakepan.
In October of 1985 Tom Waits released the album Rain Dogs. The album was an instant classic and marked a new sound for him. A rough, dirty neo-blues style with awkward rhythms and hard edges. Part of the band that contributed to that sound was drummer and percussionist Michael Blair. His highly personal instrument set-up which included a mix of regular drums and odd bits and pieces like trashcans, bedroom furniture and rusty bicycle frames fit perfectly with the sound that Waits was looking for. The combination of Michael's timing, expression, and junkyard sounds created a rich and useful range of musical textures to accent Waits' intricate storytelling. – www.toontrack.com
Unless you make music that utilizes real drum kits EZDrummer is overkill. But this new expansion pack should at least be a good reminder that making your own sounds is a great way to spark creativity and be original.
Do you know of any great drum kits online free or for sale that feature offbeat real life objects?
photo credit: jorenobniano