text:
Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus
Indigenous peoples have worse health than non-Indigenous, are over-represented amongst the poor and disadvantaged, have lower life expectancies, and success in improving disparities is limited. To address this, research usually focuses on disadvantaged and marginalised groups, offering only partial understanding of influences underpinning slow progress. Critical analysis is also required of those with the power to perpetuate or improve health inequities. In this paper, using Australia as a case example, we explore the effects of 'White', Anglo-Australian cultural dominance in health service delivery to Indigenous Australians. We address the issue using race as an organising principle, underpinned by relations of power.
Interviews with non-Indigenous medical practitioners in Western Australia with extensive experience in Indigenous health encouraged reflection and articulation of their insights into factors promoting or impeding quality health care to Indigenous Australians. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed. An inductive, exploratory analysis identified key themes that were reviewed and interrogated in light of existing literature on health care to Indigenous people, race and disadvantage. The researchers' past experience, knowledge and understanding of health care and Indigenous health assisted with data interpretation. Informal discussions were also held with colleagues working professionally in Indigenous policy, practice and community settings.
Racism emerged as a key issue, leading us to more deeply interrogate the role 'Whiteness' plays in Indigenous health care. While Whiteness can refer to skin colour, it also represents a racialized social structure where Indigenous knowledge, beliefs and values are subjugated to the dominant western biomedical model in policy and practice. Racism towards Indigenous patients in health services was institutional and interpersonal. Internalised racism was manifest when Indigenous patients incorporated racist attitudes and beliefs into their lived experience, lowering expectations and their sense of self-worth.
Current health policies and practices favour standardised care where the voice of those who are marginalised is often absent. Examining the effectiveness of such models in reducing health disparities requires health providers to critically reflect on whether policies and practices promote or compromise Indigenous health and wellbeing - an important step in changing the discourse that places Indigenous people at the centre of the problem.
Over the decades, colonised countries including Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand, Canada, the United States and Latin America have produced research evidence and government policies identifying the need to improve the poor state of Indigenous health. However, success in eliminating disparities has been limited. Indigenous peoples have worse health than non-Indigenous populations, are over-represented amongst the poor and disadvantaged, and have lower life expectancies
Health disparities in access to treatment occur in most major illnesses including cancer, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and oral health in developed countries such as Australia
Research on health disparities in developed countries that focuses on disadvantaged or marginalised groups offers only a partial understanding of influences underpinning slow progress in eliminating health differentials
In this paper, we explore health care providers' accountability in improving Indigenous health. We use Australia as a case example to interrogate 'White', Anglo-Australian cultural dominance to show how those in positions of power and privilege - policy makers and health care providers embracing a western biomedical model of health care – can compromise, however unwittingly, the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) Australians. We suggest that while Whiteness can refer to skin colour, it also refers to a racialised social structure where health care providers 'willingly and unwillingly, knowingly and unknowingly' subjugate Indigenous knowledge (epistemology), beliefs (ontology) and values (axiology) to the hegemonic western biomedical model at the level of policy and practice
We address the issue in a health care setting in Western Australia using race as a structuring or organising principle in social relations that is underpinned by relations of power
We acknowledge other important structuring principles such as class and gender, but are persuaded by Singleton and Linton's
We borrow Katz's [cited in
People often view racism solely as referring to interpersonal relations, where a person is treated unfairly in interactions because of race
Anti-racism is conceived as a way to reduce power inequities between privileged and oppressed groups
Models of care
While many health care providers want to improve service delivery to Indigenous patients, the reality in most health settings is that demands for quality and organisational efficiency compete, so there is often little time or resources allocated to understanding the special needs of Indigenous people and the challenges of providing quality primary and follow-up care. However, this justification of inadequate services needs questioning if real improvements to Indigenous health outcomes are to be achieved. In 2010, the Oxfam Shadow Report on the Australian Government's progress in improving Indigenous health identified the need for 'developing a comprehensive, long-term plan of action, that is targeted to need, evidence-based and capable of addressing the existing inequalities in health services'
Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS) were established in the early 1970s as a response to the poor service Indigenous Australians experienced within mainstream health services, service failure undoubtedly underpinned by racism. ACCHS are run by an Indigenous Board elected from the local community to provide health services for Indigenous Australians within a holistic health model that promotes health, treats illness, fosters community development and support services and provides educational resources for health professionals
Accountability for translating health care policies to practice
Several studies state the need for further research to address the problem
Reducing health inequalities is about fairness and social justice
Such evidence highlights the challenges facing decision makers to reduce inequities, improve health and respect Indigenous cultural beliefs and practices in the process. The aim of our study was to interview non-Indigenous medical practitioners experienced at working in the Indigenous health area to identify institutional and interpersonal practices in mainstream health settings that compromised the health of Indigenous Australians, and highlight specific areas for improvement.
The authors have worked for many years in a variety of health settings including education and research and have experience in domains such as medicine, public health, policy, nursing and anthropology. Our qualitative methods were informed by the analysis of Wolcott who identified the importance of the researcher's experience and understanding in interpreting the data
Data collection
We were interested less in the number of participants recruited and more in achieving high quality insights of experienced doctors, committed to Indigenous health, who could deepen our understanding of the issue. Interviews were considered an appropriate method to gather data and encourage participants to reflect on factors promoting and impeding the delivery of quality health care to Indigenous Australians. Our participants were working in Perth, the state capital of Western Australia, and were selected based on their long experience in service delivery in the Indigenous health sector and because their insights and reflective thinking located the problems of medical care for Indigenous clients within a health system which failed to adequately acknowledge and respond to their patients' needs.
As Wolcott
Interviews conducted with White, Anglo-Australian medical doctors, two female and one male, were arranged at a time and place convenient to participants and interviewer and occurred over several months until there was repetition of themes. Voluntary consent was provided by participants. Interviews lasted from 40 to 120 minutes and occurred over many occasions with questions relating to the challenges participants experienced providing care for their Indigenous patients and the nature of the difficulties. Participants were encouraged to draw on their experiences and observations to reflect on whether mainstream health services undermine or promote quality care for Indigenous Australians. To add rigour to the research process and identify whether participants' experiences and observations in interviews resonated with a wider group of practitioners experienced working in Indigenous settings, informal discussions were also held with other Indigenous and non-Indigenous medical colleagues working in Indigenous health research, education and practice on their observations while working professionally in policy, practice and community settings.
Data analysis
Interviews were transcribed and imported into QSR NVIVO qualitative software package where an inductive, exploratory analysis was undertaken to identify and code key themes which were subsequently revised, modified, developed and refined
Our observations were influenced not just by the recorded words, but by our own beliefs and values as White health professionals. While our past experience, knowledge and understanding of health care and Indigenous health assisted with interpreting the data, findings from interviews, informal discussions and observations also offered different perspectives so new meanings could emerge and lead to a deeper understanding of the issues. Quotes were selected to illustrate key themes identified in interviews. To ensure confidentiality, no information identifying participants is used in the paper.
Findings were reviewed, interrogated, refined and compared to existing literature on health care to Indigenous people including peer reviewed papers, government documents and grey literature such as unpublished reports. Literature was identified by systematic searching as well as citation snowballing and then examined for the role of broader structural issues such as institutional policies and practices on the health care of Indigenous patients. This approach gave us the opportunity to critically analyse power relations underpinning the systemic, institutional and interpersonal challenges health providers face when caring for Indigenous patients in mainstream settings.
Our findings deepened our thinking around racism which was a key theme identified by participants that stalled progress in improving Indigenous health. Racism manifested in hospital policies, practices and interactions between hospital staff and Indigenous patients which, over time, led to Indigenous patients perceiving racism in interactions even if it was absent. We have conceptualised racism respectively as institutionalised, interpersonal and internalised. However, we acknowledge these are not discrete categories as they interrelate closely in ways that maintain the status quo.
Institutional racism
While racism at institutional (or interpersonal) levels may not be intentional
There is also confusion about terminology regarding primary care providers which can result in no follow up care due to systemic failure to be culturally sensitive (and accurate) when recording contact details:
Discharge letters may then be sent from the tertiary hospital to the wrong primary care provider - or not sent at all, based on inaccurate information recorded on patient admission forms.
This suggests a lack of institutional responsibility around reviewing practices which clearly compromise Indigenous health outcomes. However, when Indigenous patients fail to attend follow-up appointments due to communication breakdown between the hospital and the primary care provider, it is not the health care system that is held accountable for poor quality care and communication:
Interpersonal racism
Interpersonal racism between a health care provider and an Indigenous patient was often subtle yet pervasive. There was a lack of awareness and interest in Indigenous Australians' lived experience which undermined good communication, relationships and quality health care:
This lack of engagement with Indigenous patients was also reflected in the dearth of interpreters for Indigenous languages - none were provided in tertiary hospitals to help patients understand health practitioners' questions or instructions. Despite interpreting services being available for patients of other different cultural and linguistic backgrounds, including for some European dialects, suggestions for interpreters in Indigenous Australian languages Such exclusion, abrogation of responsibility for poor communication and disregard of Indigenous cultural meanings associated with health practice is disrespectful and constitutes a form of institutional and interpersonal racism, which, however covert, remains uninterrogated despite its negative consequences for Indigenous people
Internalised racism
We acknowledge the challenges of White researchers exploring internalised racism in Indigenous Australians who have a long history, experience and collective memory of being on the receiving end of mainstream White policies and practices that are racist. The subtle but powerful damaging effects of racism are highlighted when, either individually or collectively, Indigenous Australians accept and internalise beliefs and attitudes about their inferiority and expect to be discriminated against in a range of social contexts including the health setting. However, such knowledge can also provide an opportunity for learning and alert health care providers to be more vigilant about the consequences of their attitudes and practices, even where racism is not intended:
This scenario suggests a need for sensitivity to how internalised racism can manifest in seemingly innocuous health care interactions. Institutional and interpersonal commitment to respond respectfully in such situations is important to promote Indigenous health and wellbeing so patients feel 'culturally safe'.
Participants' observations and experiences illustrated in their quotes raise important questions about how best to address the various layers of racism which clearly intersect. A review of Indigenous patient care is warranted to critically reflect on the effects of policies and practices on Indigenous health and wellbeing.
Racism towards Indigenous patients was seen by participants as multi-layered: institutional, where bureaucratic requirements did not account for cultural differences; interpersonal, where interactions between health provider and patient discounted Indigenous beliefs and practices; and internalised, where, not only were Indigenous Australians unable to assert their right to adequate information and equitable treatment (the result of a legacy of subjugation, dispossession and disadvantage based on race), but also health providers normalised policies and practices that discriminated against Indigenous Australians. Instead, racism remained invisible and uninterrogated by health providers who were often unaware how it became internalised with resulting negative effects on health outcomes.
Potential limitations of this project included interviews being restricted to three non-Indigenous doctors. However the study's intention was to focus on the high-quality insights of doctors experienced working in this field rather than a pre-specified, greater number of participants. We were unable to recruit an Indigenous doctor to participate in formal data collection which would have added an important perspective to the paper. Other limitations included focusing on doctors working in the metropolitan area rather than those practicing in rural and remote settings, although all had worked in different Indigenous and/or international settings.
While governments may excel at rhetoric, glossy policy documents and promises, their commitments to reducing discrimination against Indigenous people often lack focus and follow through to ensure sustained improvements to health care practice. Overall, examples abound of inadequate resourcing of Indigenous health commensurate to need: evidence of research not being translated to policy and practice; inefficient and wasteful funding models; competitive rather than cooperative approaches; inequitable treatment regimes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients; culturally inappropriate care; inadequate or no cross-cultural education of health care providers; ineffective mechanisms to implement Indigenous health frameworks, poor communication, market-driven health provision; and models of care that focus on body systems and prioritise diagnosis, treatment and cure rather than prevention. Furthermore, short term approaches focusing on education and health promotion targeting "lifestyle diseases" are an ineffective substitute for whole of government commitment to addressing the social determinants of health
Mainstream structures and practices to improve health in the advantaged are applied to deeply entrenched non-mainstream problems that further disadvantage Indigenous Australians
Ways forward
While some government policies have attempted to meet the issue by providing frameworks to improve performance and accountability in health services to Indigenous Australians and address 'health service provider attitudes and practice, communication issues, mistrust of the system, poor cultural understanding and racism'
Culturally safe care
A key element to improving Indigenous health care is to provide health services that are ethical, respectful and experienced as culturally safe. The concept and principles of 'cultural safety' were developed by Irihapeti Ramsden in Aotearoa/New Zealand to respect Maori culture and highlight the negative effects on health outcomes of colonisation and inequitable power relations in mainstream health services that discriminated against Maori
Kleinman and Eisenberg's
One approach is to focus on culturally appropriate assessment and diagnosis where screening, intervention and monitoring tools for Indigenous populations are developed and used in health care
Cultural education
In the last few years, cultural education and training programs to work better with Indigenous clients have burgeoned across the health and education sectors. However, while many educational frameworks are available to increase knowledge, skills and understanding of culturally appropriate care, whether culturally safe, culturally competent or culturally secure, these concepts need critical review as empirical evidence on their long-term effectiveness in changing practice or improving Indigenous health outcomes is limited
In order to ensure culturally safe health service environments, both institutional and personal commitment is required. The challenge is to avoid tokenism where a service provider attends a cultural education workshop/lecture/seminar to 'tick a box' attesting that they have met institutional requirements to complete an education session on cultural safety. Attending one session is unlikely to result in culturally safe practice and raises questions about the purpose of cultural education in health care settings, the institutional commitment to improving Indigenous health through meaningful, long-term engagement and how this is demonstrated in practice. If the institutional requirements are for health care providers to practise in culturally safe ways when working with Indigenous patients, what criteria are put in place to inform the assessment of culturally safe care and who deems a service provider is delivering health care in culturally safe ways?
Education in culturally safe care also requires self-reflection – where service providers examine the quality of the care they provide to Indigenous patients by interrogating the social, political, historical and cultural contexts that shape their own identity to increase their awareness of power dynamics at structural and inter-personal levels that disadvantage their Indigenous clients [see
Making visible the White privilege that exists in health service discourse and delivery highlights the power differentials inherent in its invisibility
Turning the gaze to the privileged requires rethinking the focus of care, critically reflecting on whether policies and practices support or undermine Indigenous health, and engaging Indigenous people in the process. Applying mainstream solutions to a non-mainstream problem has done little to reduce health disparities between Indigenous and other Australians
We have the opportunity to honour Indigenous people's 'equal right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health'
Competing interests
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
AD contributed to the conception and design of the study including the data collection, analysis and interpretation of data. She drafted and reworked the manuscript and approved the final version for publication. ST conceived of the study and contributed to its design, data collection, analysis and interpretation. She critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final version for publication. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Angela Durey is currently supported by an NHMRC Capacity Building Grant (ID 533547). The Combined Universities Centre for Rural Health receives funding support from the Department of Health and Ageing. We thank all participants for sharing their experiences and reflections.
Indigenous health part 1: determinants and disease patterns
Indigenous health in Latin America and the Caribbean
Research and educational approaches to reducing health disparities among American Indians and Alaska Natives
Indigenous peoples' health—why are they behind everyone, everywhere?
Burden of disease and injury in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: The Indigenous health gap
Survival disparities in Indigenous and non-Indigenous New Zealanders with colon cancer: the role of patient comorbidity, treatment and health service factors
Racial disparities in health status A comparison of the morbidity among American Indian and U.S. adults with diabetes
A review of Aboriginal infant mortality rates in Canada: Striking and persistent Aboriginal/Non-Aboriginal inequities
Morbidity and mortality disparities among colonist and indigenous populations in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Disparities in hospital care for Indigenous Australians the case of acute coronary syndromes
How stigma interferes with mental health care
Stigma of mental illness among Anerican Indian and Alaska Native Nations: Historical and contemporary perspectives
The incarceration of Aboriginal Offenders: Trends from 1978 to 2001
American Indian/Alaska native alcohol-related incarceration and treatment
Prison health and public health responses at a regional prison in Western Australia
A sociology of the unmarked: redirecting our focus
Up the antrhropologist: Perspectives gained from studying up
The politics of the gap: Indigenous Australians, liberal multiculturalism, and the end of the self-determination era
Racism, Discrimination and the Over-Representation of Indigenous People in the Criminal Justice System: Some Conceptual and Explanatory Issues
Cancer care for Indigenous Australians
Indigenous people in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States are less likely to receive renal transplantation
The spectrum of 'new racism' and discrimination in hospital contexts
Institutional racism in Australian healthcare: a plea for decency
The pervaisve effects of racism: Experiences of racial discrimination in New Zealand over time and assoications with multiple health domains
It's enough to make you sick: the impact of racism on the health of Aboriginal Australians
Anti-racism and Indigenous Australians
Under-ascertainment of Aboriginality in records of cardiovascular disease in hospital morbidity and mortality data in Western Australia: A record linkage study
What is the impact of missing Indigenous status on mortality estimates? An assessment using record linkage in Western Australia
Social and economic disparities in health: Thoughts about intervention
Radical hope: Education and equality in Australia
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health care and general practice
Radical contextualization: Contributions to an anthropology of racial/ethnic health disparities
Stigma: Barrier to mental health care among ethnic minorities
The insidious problem inside: mental health problems of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in custody
Racism and health: The relationships between experience of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand
Indigenous health research: A critical review of outputs over time
Needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients residing in Australian residential aged-care facilities
Cultural continuity as a protective factor against suicide in First Nation's youth
Responding to racism: Insights on how racism can damage health from an urban study of Australian Aboriginal people
Aboriginal peoples, health and healing approaches: the effects of age and place on health
Understanding, beliefs and perspectives of Aboriginal people in Western Australia about cancer and its impact on access to cancer services
Exploring the impact of an Aboriginal Health Worker on hospitalised Aboriginal experiences: lessons from cardiology
Implementation, effectiveness and political context of comprehensive primary health care: Preliminary findings of a global literature review
Aboriginal cultural awareness training: policy v. accountability – failure in reality
Barriers to participation of Aboriginal people in cancer care: Communication in the hospital setting
This is not a pipe: The treacheries of indigenous housing
The Afghan symptom checklist: Aculturally grounded approach to mental health assessment in a conflict zone
Culture, illness and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research
Owning solutions: A collaborative model to improve quality in hospital care for Aboriginal Australians
Not just bricks and mortar: Planning hospital cancer services for Aboriginal people.
Trial of a developmental screening tool in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: A cautionary tale
Tailored lay health worker intervention improves breast cancer screening outcomes in non-adherent Korean-American women
"If you don't believe it, it won't help you": use of bush medicine in treating cancer among Aboriginal people in Western Australia
Improving cardiovascular care for indigenous populations
Mental health first aid for Indigenous Australians: Using Delphi consensus studies to develop guidelines for culturally appropriate responses to mental health problems
Western psychotherapeutic practice: Engaging Aboriginal people in culturally appropriate and respectful ways
Indigenous cultural training for health workers in Australia
Reducing racism in Aboriginal health care in Australia: Where does cultural education fit?
Stereotype changed and prejudice reduction: short and long-term evaluation of a cross cultural awareness program
The averted gaze
The role of critical consciousness in multicultural practice: Examining how its strength becomes its limitation
Who is not coping with colonization?
Editorial Indigneous health: Partners in healing
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


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Talk:McAlester, Oklahoma
|This article is of interest to the following WikiProjects:
Oklahoma Supreme Court Cases[edit]
removed pending determination of how many and how feasible
- Derryberry v. City of McAlester, 1985 OK 12, 695 P.2d 853.
- American Bank of Commerce v. City of McAlester, 1976 OK 126, 555 P.2d 581.
- Gill v. Giacomo, 1971 OK 87, 487 P.2d 1171.
- City of McAlester v. Nave, 1969 OK 39, 451 P.2d 681.
- City of McAlester v. King, 1960 OK 178, 354 P.2d 777.
- City of McAlester v. King, 1957 OK 270, 317 P.2d 265.
- City of McAlester v. Fogg, 1956 OK 334, 312 P.2d 867.
- Adams v. City of McAlester, 1955 OK 216, 286 P.2d 726.
- Rutherford v. City of McAlester, 1950 OK 17, 214 P.2d 246, 202 Okla. 369.
- City of McAlester et al. v. State ex rel. State Board of Public Affairs, 1944 OK 365, 154 P.2d 579.
- Gardner v. Incorporated City of McAlester, 1946 OK 360, 179 P.2d 894, 198 Okla. 547.
- City of McAlester v. Dan Jones, 1937 OK 142, 72 P.2d 371, 181 Okla. 77.
- Protest of Chicago R.I. & P. Ry. Co., 1929 OK 263, 279 P. 319, 137 Okla. 186.
- Poston v. City of McAlester, 1928 OK 266, 268 P. 1110, 132 Okla. 4.
- Pittsburg County Ry. Co. v. Hasty, 1924 OK 990, 233 P. 218, 106 Okla. 65.
- McAlester Gas & Coke Co. v. Corporation Comm'n, 1924 OK 566, 227 P. 83. 102 Okla. 118.
- Missouri, K. & T.R. Co. v. State, 1923 OK 1122, 229 P. 172, 107 Okla. 23.
- Silva v. City Council of McAlester, 1915 OK 199, 148 P. 150, 46 Okla. 150.
- City of McAlester v. McMurray, 1910 OK 176, 109 P. 838, 26 Okla. 517.
- Louisiana Realty Co. v. City of McAlester, 1910 OK 81, 108 P. 391, 25 Okla. 726. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JoeFriday (talk • contribs) 15:32, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
External Links[edit]
Civic Organizations[edit]
Health Care[edit]
Real Estate[edit]
McAlester Photos[edit]
You removed this as spam. Please explain.--JoeFriday (talk) 06:39, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
- WP:EL advises not linking to sites "with objectionable amounts of advertising". That is my basis for removing it, but it is certainly a matter of judgement. The main page of McAlester, OK - Photos contains three commerical links (two duplicated), no informational content and a seach field that leads to image postage stamps, some text content, and more advertising links. If you disagree, please restore it. Be sure that you do not violate WP:COI by doing so, however.
- I don't think I'm extreme in my interpretation of WP:EL. Other editors may remove the link in the future. If the main page of mcalesterphotos.com were to include some text describing the categories of photo subjects available on the site, its range of dates, a section of a few of the photos, etc., it would be less likely to be removed, in my opinion. Best wishes, Walter Siegmund (talk) 15:24, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
Above discussion copied from User talk:Wsiegmund. Please continue the discussion here. Walter Siegmund (talk) 15:24, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
- I didn't see postage stamps. I saw lots of photos of different local landmarks and personages. For example, there were many photographs of the courthouse(s), carl albert, carla house and son marty, clark bass and son carlton, aldridge hotel, etc. I don't know about others but I get a kick out of seeing photos of local landmarks at different stages. None of those are stamps, and I am sure that the USPS never made stamps of those things. What did you search for? I had never seen a photo of J.G. Puterbaugh before though I went to the J.G. Puterbaugh Middle School. There may have been a portrait of him there but I don't remember. Though I still dream of walking the halls of the school, I don't see a conflict of interest. I don't know the businesses advertising though I did include them in the external links after finding them through Google. I may or may not have seen Carlton Bass before but I knew Clark and grew up down the street. I saw Carl Albert once before he moved down the street. I didn't know Carla House but I was present when she spoke with my mother, and I went to school with Marty. It may not be notable but it certainly isn't spam.--JoeFriday (talk) 16:51, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
- I searched for "main". By image postage stamps, I mean small images (similar in size to postage stamps) that indicate the result of a search. I think inline references (WP:FN) to specific images that illustrate the text of the article would be justified, e.g., J.G. Puterbaugh. The other examples you mention are unlikely to be of interest to the general reader, but I defer to your judgement. I'll revert myself. Best wishes, Walter Siegmund (talk) 21:59, 29 September 2007 (UTC)
- The thumbnails should be clickable yielding larger pics. Thanks.—joeFriday— {talk} 08:33, 30 September 2007 (UTC)
Gene Stipe[edit]
For the second time in two weeks, I have reverted an anonymous user's removal of Gene Stipe from the "Notable residents" section of this article. Gene Stipe represented McAlester and surrounding areas in the Oklahoma State Senate for 46 years, and was the longest serving state senator in Oklahoma history. Nonwithstanding any legal controversy he has been involved in, I see no reason why he should not be included in the list. --TommyBoy (talk) 08:05, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
External links modified[edit]
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text:
Today is a rather momentous day. Today I received my long awaited swap package all the way from Norway!!! Let me tell you, it was so worth the wait. Actually.... I will show you.
At first I was a bit worried when I picked up the package because it was a large plain brown box that had been dented on one side. When I opened it, though, there was ANOTHER BOX inside! (Apparently it had come open a bit and then was repackaged according to the note inside from the post office. I was worried that something had been lost, but I don't think anything was.) I really like all the international mail type stamps and official stickers that are on it. Plus it is so gorgeously orange!
When I opened the box within a box, I saw that each item had been wrapped up in beautiful (and matching) Japanese paper. I was completely blown away by how gorgeous they all were, as well as how many lovely little bundles were inside the box.
Finally my years old habit of unwrapping packages extremely slowly had allowed me to arrive at this moment when my skills were most needed. How could I just rip open such beautiful paper? It was just impossible. I delicately opened each one (and saved the paper of course).
As if the fantastic wrapping of each gift wasn't enough, there was a tiny paper crane that went with each package that was actually a little note about what was inside! I love puzzles and secrets and cute small things, and so it was especially fun to unwrap each crane as I opened each package and read what my spoiler had written, although I was sad to unfold such expertly folded little cranes.
The first thing that I opened was the letter on top, which was actually two pretty bookmarks with notes on the back. The theme of this swap was our favorite books, and I had such a hard time picking. In fact, so did my spoiler! I was really happy to find out that instead of a package themed around one book, it was a bit of this and that based a number of my favorite books, as well as my favorite things in life.
Next was a super cute package with things from Japan. The little monkey card is an "omikuji" or random fortune. They range from 'great blessing' to 'great curse', and this one was a 'blessing'! Thanks Fidessa~ (*^▽^*) ~ ! I will ask my Japanese sensei tomorrow about the rest of the fortune, because there is actually a lot of writing inside on a little folded up piece of paper. The pink swirly things are erasers shaped like fish cakes! <3 かわいいい〜 Even the little envelope these came in is too cute for words. Now... keep in mind that I was already swooning over how fantastic this package was. And then look at what I opened next.
"Bless the Maker and all His Water. Bless the coming and going of Him, May His passing cleanse the world. May He keep the world for his people."
If you haven't read Dune by Frank Herbert, and you like science fiction, stories of empire, or just plain amazing storytelling, I recommend it highly, as it is one of my favorite books of all time as well as a classic of Scifi. This "little baby sand worm can not only hold my spice, but also my crochet hooks or pens or whatever else"! It has a drawstring ribbon which I have tucked out of view for these epic action shots of the worm emerging from the dunes of Arrakis. My nerd street cred just skyrocketed. You can bet I will be using this as my new crochet hook and sundries holder because it is so creative, beautiful, and frankly AWESOME. I am so so so so happy with this little maker. I just have to be careful not to get it wet... hehe.
Next was another pretty bookmark! Love the pattern, it is so lacy and fancy. Definitely to be used when reading Jane Austen novels.
If you can't read the little note, it says "Chocolate- What else is there to say?". Indeed.
I lurrrve this bookmark. A lot. It makes my heart thrill every time I look at it because it is just so me. This is something I would look at in a book store, and want so very badly, but not buy for myself because I don't specifically *neeed* it. I definitely feel spoiled.
Pens are one of my very favorite things in the world, and this one is super cool. It is a brush pen used for writing Japanese and Chinese letters in calligraphy style. This should make studying for my Kanji writing test next Wednesday a lot more fun!
This set of charms is a nod to Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, another one of my favorite stories of all time. I didn't actually put it in my list of favorite books on the swap survey, though, and afterward when I realized I hadn't I was quite annoyed with myself. Fortunately, my spoiler went above and beyond and saw from some other posts on my blog that I liked Alice. These charms are perfect! They are: a clock, a rabbit, a key, a (mock) turtle, a heart, a bow, and a red and white rose. Scrumptiously amazingly perfect.
I didn't even know that something this fantastic existed. Can't wait to taste this ambrosia in my next reading and relaxing sesh.
"A tiny blue pen for small things" :D
This is a children's book by Salman Rushdie called Haroun and the Sea of Stories, which I have never read. It looks really interesting though, especially because I love all sorts of mythology and it seems to be a pseudo mythological fantasy adventure tale. (Another secret about me: I have never outgrown children's books, and I hope I never will.) Also, that purple hat is just so marvelous.
I saved the larger packages until last because I had a feeling they would contain the handmade and yarn.
When I opened this package, I was literally speechless. It is so beautiful, and perfect, and well made, and the colors are so good, and the manga illustration just makes it so ace.This is a mixed media yarn/fabric kindle cover. I couldn't get it on my kindle fast enough, and it is never coming off. To make this even better, there was already a moleskine inside of it as well! My penchant for pens comes along with a penchant for journals, and so I am extremely pleased to have another blank canvas for my sketches.
So there it is! I am having trouble expressing in words the joy that I felt when I opened everything in this package. It was all so thoughtful and perfect that I was completely overwhelmed, and I love every single piece of it. It was so generous and gorgeous and I am just so infatuated with all my pretty new things!!!! It feels like surprise Christmas and I couldn't be happier. Thank you so much, spoiler!
I hope that everyone else's day is as awesome as mine...
but that might not be possible. Sorry guys.


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O'Sullivan may refer to:
- O'Sullivan Tower, a skyscraper on Mobius Beta.
- Tillman O'Sullivan, an officer of the Seraphim System Security Police.
|This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page.


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Free Stuff, Samples, Coupons, and Sweepstakes | Woman Freebies
July 25, 2015 | Videos
A video of a whirlpool in Latvia has been swirling around the Internet recently. Caught in all it's amazing glory, shown in the video above.
You can skip to 0:52 seconds to see the impact the whirlpool has on the ice in the distance, dragging it along a slow but deadly current.
Things start to heat up at 2:20 when the whirlpool devours a large piece of wood or road surface, followed by large sheets of ice and something that might once have been a tree.
Then, at 5:20, we see the big crescendo (and a man walks across the screen): An enormous ice sheet is slowly dragged towards its demise.
It's not a quick victory, but it is a sweet one. And slightly terrifying.
You work too hard for your money to throw it all away on full price when you don't have to!
© adjump 2011 All Rights Reserved No part of this website or any of its contents may be reproduced, copied, modified or adapted without adjump's prior written consent.


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Servigroup Calypso Hotel
Benidorm, Costa Blanca, Spain (Mainland)
Servigroup Calypso Hotel Introduction
With a good choice of amenities including a buffet restaurant, two bars, plus a cheerful atmosphere and plenty of space, the Servigroup Calypso is a brilliant choice for guests seeking a holiday on the popular Spanish Costa. Enjoying a great location in Benidorm, you're far enough away from the centre to enjoy the relaxed daytime atmosphere, yet close enough to the bars, shops, restaurants and nightlife.
- Full Board
- Half Board
Servigroup Calypso Hotel Facilities
• Hotel room for 3 adults consists of • Double beds or twin beds • Shower and wc • TV • WiFi access • Safety deposit box (charge) • Minifridge • Air-conditioning • Central heating • Balcony or terrace • Single rooms, Sole occupancy and Family rooms for up to 4 adults available at a supplement on request
• Table tennis • Pool table
• Regular daytime entertainment (summer only) • Daily evening entertainment (summer only) • Live music • Disco
• Swimming pool • FREE sunbeds • TV area • Reading room • FREE WiFi access • Internet access (charge) • Laundry service available (charge)
For Children
• Section of the main swimming pool • Playground • Cots (charge) • High chairs (in the restaurant)
Key Facts
• Nearest beach: 300 metres
• Centrally located
• 296 rooms
• Lifts
• Child age: 2-12 years
• Official rating: 3 star plus
• Some facilities and activities may incur a local charge. Please note that groups, hen parties and stag parties are not accepted.
Meals and Drinks
• Buffet-style restaurant
• Show cooking
• Coeliac meals
• Lounge bar
• Terrace bar
• Pool bar (seasonal)
• Dress code applies during meal times, long trousers must be worn
Special Features
• Christmas and New Year gala meals included
If you are interested in this holiday, please select your preferred travel options from the panel on the left.


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There's plenty of fight left in these Dogs.
After an enthralling but ultimately fruitless effort against the in-form Sydney Roosters last weekend, Canterbury showed they are far from a spent force in the NRL this year against Brisbane on Friday.
The Bulldogs became the first team this year to overcome a halftime deficit against the Broncos when they secured a gutsy 18-16 victory in front of a hostile Suncorp Stadium crowd.
It was the first win in three matches for Des Hasler's men, keeping them in the top eight as rivals such as Manly begin late season charges.
Despite a rocky run of recent form, Bulldogs captain James Graham says he never felt last year's grand finalists had doubted they can again push for honours.
"To be honest, throughout the year, the self-belief has never gone," Graham said.
"It's plain for all to see that we've had some bad results but we'd like to think we've learned from that."
The Bulldogs will feel confident another win awaits next weekend against struggling Gold Coast before a grand final replay against South Sydney in round 24.
With just two more wins needed to reach the 28-point mark most believe will get a team into the finals, the round 25 clash against Newcastle also looks a great chance for the Dogs to seal their September spot.
"We're not getting carried away with ourselves. We've come up here and we've won against a top, top team but we move on to next week and we're still fighting to even be in the eight," Graham said.
"We're under no illusions that we've got some very tough games ahead of us for the rest of the year."


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Take a Picture, It'll Last Longer Jr. Ringer T-Shirt
When someone is staring, there is no better way to tell them how much you love that activity: "Take a picture... it'll last longer." Maybe they have reason to stare... but that's not my concern.
A fun way to brighten up any outfit.Added 7 Years Ago from Max and Chloe
ohh cupcake mirror XDAdded 9 Years Ago from Luv2lounge
pretty! and different


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Theory of criminal justice
|This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The theory of criminal justice is the branch of philosophy of law that deals with criminal justice and in particular punishment. The theory of criminal justice has deep connections to other areas of philosophy, such as political philosophy and ethics, as well as to criminal justice in practice.
Some important questions considered in the theory of criminal justice are
- What is criminal justice?
- How is criminal justice distinct from other kinds of justice (or is it in fact distinct)?
Some questions specific to the topic of punishment are
- Should we punish?
- Why should we punish?
- Whom should we punish?
- How should we punish?
- How much should we punish?
Justice and criminal justice[edit]
How is criminal justice distinct from other kinds of justice?[edit]
Typically, legal theorists and philosophers consider four distinct kinds of justice: corrective justice, distributive justice, procedural justice, and retributive justice.[1] Criminal law falls under retributive justice, a theory of justice that considers proportionate punishment a morally acceptable response to crime. Retributive justice is perhaps best captured by the phrase lex talionis (the principle of "an eye for an eye"), which itself traces back to the book of Exodus.[2] The principle of lex talionis received its most well known philosophical defense from Immanuel Kant.[3]
Criminal law is no longer considered a purely retributive undertaking; deterrence figures prominently in the justification of the practice and in the rules themselves.[4]
Criminal justice systems[edit]
There are at least two questions, raised by H. L. A. Hart, in connection with criminal justice which do not directly concern punishment but are more closely related to a criminal justice system as a whole.
- Why establish any institution of punishment at all?
- Why establish this institution with its special concepts, principles of legislation, adjudicative procedures, and permissible penalties rather than some other panochas.
Different theories of criminal justice can usually be distinguished in how they answer questions about punishment. To avoid issues of semantics, in this section we must agree that punishment is a penalty imposed by a legal system along with (or because of) a stigma of wrongdoing or lawbreaking. This definition deliberately excludes penalties unrelated to wrongdoing or lawbreaking, even when imposed by a legal system. It also distinguishes or at least restricts this definition from the one used in operant conditioning.
Should we punish?[edit]
The answer to this question is important as a negative answer makes further questions about punishment irrelevant. In fact, if we answer no, then the theory of punishment does not even belong in the theory of criminal justice.
Most theories answer yes, that there are at least some criminals or criminal acts that should be punished. However, this question should not be so easily dismissed as there are theories which do answer no. Consider, for example, Pacifism. Also, certain versions of restorative justice might optimistically make the claim that punishment is unnecessary.
Whom should we punish?[edit]
We should punish criminals. Unfortunately, the answer is not that simple. Should we punish only lawbreakers, or other wrongdoers? Should we punish all criminals? Often, the answers to these questions are interrelated with the reasons for punishment.
For example, if the reason for punishment is rehabilitation, then we should not punish criminals who show genuine remorse. In practice, this is difficult to determine.
The question of whether only lawbreakers can be punished is connected to the validity of retroactive laws. Whether wrongdoers can and should be punished under retroactive laws was particularly important around the end of World War II. Many Nazi war criminals were tried under laws which were not in place at the time they committed their so-called crimes. Although their actions were wrong, their punishment brings up important issues. Punishment under retroactive laws can not possibly accomplish deterrence.
How should we punish?[edit]
Different methods of punishment can be evaluated based on effectiveness, cost efficiency, and on moral grounds.
There is a principle in certain versions of retributive theory that can be stated as "an eye for an eye". This principle argues for punishment in kind with the harm that was caused by the wrongdoer.
Cruel and unusual punishment is outlawed in many legal systems, presumably on moral grounds.
How much should we punish?[edit]
Deterrence theory argues that the amount of punishment should be the minimum required to achieve the desired amount of deterrence. Most versions of retributive justice argue that the amount of punishment should be proportional to the amount of harm caused. Reform theory argues that the amount of punishment should be enough to cause reform in the offender.
However, some theories would argue that the amount of punishment is not important at all. For example, if the purpose of punishment is incapacitation, the fact that a jail sentence is undesirable to the offender is irrelevant.
Types of theories[edit]
Theories may be of following kind:
- Deterrent Theory
- Retributive Theory
- Reformative Theory
- Expiation Theory
- Preventive Theory


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Collaborative Negotiation Practices for Win-Win Results
May 7, 2014
A negotiation strategy focused on mutual trust and active listening can strengthen a deal for both parties.
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As the saying goes: the more things change, the more they stay the same. Variety was up to its old tricks this week even under new ownership. Immediately after the announcement came out that Roger Ebert had died on Thursday, Variety "was calling/emailing around Hollywood for people to take out creepy obit ads for him," an exec at one studio which was approached tells me. That is Variety's long-time but in-bad-taste revenue-raising practice that I hoped would have disappeared under Jay Penske (who also owns Deadline) and Third Point, a hedge fund founded by mega-investor Daniel S. Loeb.
Variety Up To Its Old "Creepy" Tricks
3 Comments
Ah, one big happy family.
And yet, I remember, as a mere researcher having to physically barge in on the Head of 20th Century Fox's Ad-Pub department, demanding that he clarify why there would be no full pagers in the trades over the death of Robert Wise, who not only arguably SAVED the studio with "Sound of Music", but physically lived just across Century Park blvd. -literally 200 yards from the Fox lot.(more important people than me must have had the same opinion, because the studio policy of politely ignoring 'passings' was discontinued not long after the Wise memorial pages ran )So creepy or not, without arm twisting, some corporations won't observe even the basic courtesies.
Why is this creepy? Calling it "creepy" is an overstatement. A famous person, inexorabily connected to Hollywood movie history or television or publishing, etc., dies. It seems perfectly acceptable, and actually rather smart, to contact potential advertisers and ask if they would like to place an ad in a publication that covers the field in which the deceased worked. What's wrong with asking a studio to honor one of their important people? Variety calling on potential advertisers is good business. It's also helpful to people at a studio. Takes out the middle-man, so to speak. I have no problem with this practice.


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I love shaving my head. I love the way it looks, I love the way it feels, I love how low maintenance it is. My friends on the other hand think it makes me look like a serial killer. I'm curious which one y'all think looks better.
Most Helpful Girl
Yeah I was going to say you look better bald and then I saw the last pic and you scared the crap out of me :(00|00|0
Oh and after seeing your last pic yeah I'm going to have to side with your friends.


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We tell stories, share wisdom, offer practical tips and host gatherings encouraging
generous living and true hospitality
Our June Heartistry Experience in the South of France was amazing! Sign up to receive our newsletters to hear the latest scoop, see the photos and to receive information about the next course. Check out our Gallery for photos of our week in France.
Do you love being generous and desire to open your heart and home to others? Have you felt the need for some pointers and practical tips? We have a passion for hospitality and love equipping others to offer simple and meaningful experiences around the table and beyond. Lyn Johnson, the founder of Heartistry shares her thoughts and ideas on the Heartistry blog with wisdom, humor and creativity. Sign up to receive our newsletters and we will notify you when a new blog is posted.
Join us for a life-changing event and learn how to live out the art of welcome. Attend a Workshop or head off for a grand adventure by traveling on a week-long International Heartistry Experience to the South of France or Cape Town, South Africa.
"This course is not to be mistaken for a mere theoretical understanding of the topic of "Hospitality", but rather a practical outworking, so that one leaves changed, ready to serve, love and bless others with all your resources and of course, the best gift of having received so much yourself." – Kamesh Flynn
You will receive our newsletter about twice a month mostly to notify you of new blogposts. The goal is to provide inspiration and instruction (and occasionally to get a peek into what our Heartistry community is doing around the world.)
Please Note: After you have signed up, please look out for an email from Heartistry®. Open the email and confirm that you wish to receive notifications from us. You will also have the opportunity to download a free e-booklet written by Lyn called Packing PhD!
®Heartistry is a registered Trademark of The Institute for Innovation, Integration & Impact


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The role of the food industry (retailers, manufacturers and food service) in helping consumers eat healthily and sustainably has been receiving considerable attention in recent years. This paper focuses on the challenges facing the food industry and the role of food reformulation in meeting these challenges, through the lens of a public health nutritionist. Attention has been heightened by the Government's Responsibility Deal, launched in early 2011 by the Department of Health (England), by the UK's engagement with the global food security and food supply sustainability agendas and by the Government Office of Science's Foresight report. The Responsibility Deal's food network has to date focused on reduction of trans fatty acids, salt and calories and out-of-home calorie labelling (in food service settings). New pledges are expected soon on increasing fruit and vegetable intakes. Reformulation is a major feature of the Responsibility Deal's approach, and along with other approaches such as portion control, choice editing and information provision, there is potential to increase the breadth of healthier choices available to the public. With the exception of fruit and vegetables, the emphasis has been almost exclusively on aspects of the diet that are in excess for many of the population (e.g. energy and salt). Evidence of low consumption of some key micronutrients by some groups of the population, particularly adolescents and young adults, often alongside excess energy intake compared with expenditure, is all too often overlooked. This paper summarises the progress made to date, the challenges faced and the opportunities that exist, with particular focus on reformulation. One of the biggest challenges is the relatively poor understanding of how to effect positive and long-term dietary behaviour change. The paper concludes that, in isolation, reformulation is unlikely to provide a complete solution to the challenge of improving eating patterns and nutrient provision, although it is a contributor.
British Nutrition Foundation, 15-19 Kingsway, London WC2B 6UN, UK.
This article was published in the following journal.
Name: The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
Pages: 1-9
Applications of prebiotics in food industry: A review.
Benefits of prebiotics for stimulating a healthy intestinal tract are well known. From suppression of pathogens to proliferation of indigenous bacteria of intestines, prebiotics have it all. Since the...
Ozone in the Food Industry: Principles of Ozone Treatment, Mechanisms of Action, and Applications. An Overview.
The food contamination issue requires continuous control of food at each step of the production process. High quality and safety of products are equally important factors in the food industry. They ma...
Big Food's Ambivalence: Seeking Profit and Responsibility for Health.
In this article, we critically reflect on the responsibilities that the food industry has for public health. Although food companies are often significant contributors to public health problems (e.g.,...
Nanotechnology to the rescue: using nano-enabled approaches in microbiological food safety and quality.
Food safety and quality assurance is entering a new era. Interventions along the food supply chain must become more efficient in safeguarding public health and the environment and must address numerou...
A review of instruments developed to measure food neophobia.
Food choices are influenced by an individual's attitude towards foods. Food neophobia may be associated with less variety of diets, inadequate nutrient intake and high product failure rate for new foo...
Pilot Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Allergy
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in using traditional Chinese medicine for food allergy. The Harvard group has successfully demonstrated the Food Allergy Herbal Formula - F...
Hypoallergenicity Evaluation of a New Extensively Hydrolyzed Formula
Infants/children with cow's milk allergy will take part in 2 double-blinded placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) of 2 extensively hydrolyzed formulas in random order. If both food c...
Quality of Life in Food Allergic Families
Food allergies are becoming more prevalent with more children being diagnosed with food allergies each year. Food allergies place a tremendous burden not just on the patient but on his/he...
This is a single-center, prospective, pilot clinical trial in which children ages 5-17 years with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) who have a known food that triggers EoE flares receive oral...
Effect of the Natural Sweeteners Erythritol and Xylitol on Vascular Function in Obese Volunteers
Sugar alcohols such as xylitol and erythritol are increasingly popular as sugar substitutes in the food industry and are also recommended to diabetic patients. Both substances are already ...
Food Technology
The application of knowledge to the food industry.
Food Parasitology
The presence of parasites in food and food products. For the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food, FOOD MICROBIOLOGY is available.
Food-processing Industry
The productive enterprises concerned with food processing.
Food Industry
The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.
Food Contamination, Radioactive
Exposure of FOOD to radioactive substances, distinguishable from FOOD IRRADIATION, a food preservation technique.
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Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism ...
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Within medicine, nutrition (the study of food and the effect of its components on the body) has many different roles. Appropriate nutrition can help prevent certain diseases, or treat others. In critically ill patients, artificial feeding by tubes need t...
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How about you?
Most Helpful Guy
0 days and counting.11|00|0
Most Helpful Girl
Almost 3 months. Time flies.00|00|0
How about you?
0 days and counting.
Almost 3 months. Time flies.
Have an opinion?
There's no way this crap spamming dating website is abiding by the rules. I don't understand this really only seems to have started happening like the last 2 weeks.
Fuck this website. Reported.
If you crash your left tit is in trouble.
3 years now.
Ever since I was born. Bae is life <3. Food loves me unconditionally.
1 year and 3 months if you want me to be exact. lol
1 year and 8 months <3
Working on it. Hopefully my husband :)
Zero. I don't have one yet. I'm working on it lol.
3 months so far 😊
6 1/2 months we met on BlackPeoplemeet. He's mix
Weve been together going on 7 years


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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take a minor?
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You must drop courses that are one semester long by the end of the 40th class day. Check the Undergraduate Calendar for that date. You may drop the course on Web Advisor or you may pick up an Undergraduate Course Request form from the Registrar's Office and indicate the course that you wish to drop. If you are a "special" student, you will need a signature from your BASc Program Counsellor to drop a course. There might also be some instances in which you must receive a signature from the instructor of the course you want to drop. You must get any necessary signatures before taking your completed form to Student Client Services, Office of Registrarial Services to drop the course. Refer to the Schedule of Fees in the Undergraduate Calendar to see if you are eligible for a fee refund.
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If you are a BASc major or FCS minor (including transfer students), we will make every effort to accommodate your required courses in your unique schedule. You may need a course waiver request form. This is a paper process.
What do I do if a course I need for my program is full when it is my turn to register?
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Rick, M0LEP will be active from Kenya until 10 January 2016 as 5Z4/M0LEP.
He will operate on 40 - 10m SSB, CW.
QSL via home call, LOTW, eQSL, OQRS.
Ads for direct QSL:
Rick Hewett, 118 Lovibonds Avenue, Orpington BR6 8EN, England.
African flamingos in the lake over beautiful sunset, flock of exotic birds at natural habitat, Africa landscape, Kenya nature, Lake Nakuru national park reserve.
Elephant in National park of Kenya, Africa.
A pair of mating lions in the evening savannah, Masai Mara, Kenya.


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What do Arab (middle eastern) men want in a women in order for them to consider them marriage material?
Most Helpful Guy
You must specify what do you mean by Arab?
Christian Arab have a totally different mentality than Muslim Arabs00|00|0
Christian I believe.
- Show AllShow Less
Then he wants nothing more than a nice woman
If he is Lebanese than you do not have to worry about him being an extremist or closed minded
Thanks for MHO
and good luck


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Store Hours: Mon-Fri 10am - 7pm, Sat 10am - 4pm
Click the image below to start your application
Just click on the image above and it will take you to our financing company. Easy approval online. When you get your approval, come in and see us to get your new furniture and wholesale prices
Layaway payments of at least ten dollars must be made every two weeks. Final payment due within 24 months. Layaway accounts allow our customers to guarantee the price of ordered merchandise. Atlantic Wholesale Furniture & Mattress does not represent to hold the merchandise at the sale location once the account is opened,but will guarantee the price. We require a minimum of two weeks time after final payment has been made to receive your goods and to ensure your order is in stock. If you are current on your payments and your merchandise is not available instock within a four week period, you will be entitled to a full refund. No refunds are issued after 10 days from the initial layaway except as provided above. After 6 months all delinquent unpaid layaway accounts are subject to a service charge of ten dollars per month. Merchandise will not be removed from active inventory until the final payment on that specific sale has been made.Except as provided above, all sales are final.


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- in stock -
Mikimoto 18ct Rose Gold Diamond and Pearl Starry Night Earrings PEH5428dz
Mikimoto 18ct Rose Gold Diamond and Pearl Starry Night Earrings PEH5428DZ
These elegant earrings from the Starry Night Collection from Mikimoto feature a dainty three star drop in 18ct rose gold, finished with an Akoya pearl. A diamond has been set in the centre of the top star. There are matching items available within the collection.
Code: PEH5428dz
Materials: 18ct Rose Gold, Pearl and Diamond
Brand Mikimoto
Supplier Model No. PEH5428dz
Collection Starry Night
Wedding Collection
Style Drop Earrings
Gemstone Coloured Gemstone
Metal Gold
Rose Gold
Gender Ladies
We offer Free UK next day delivery on orders over £50, in stock items will be sent the same day when ordered before 4pm. All our items are dispatched using a Royal Mail tracked signed for service.
We do offer shipping worldwide, charges will be calculated in the checkout for deliveries outside of the UK.
For more information about our delivery services available, contact us on 01335 453453 or email us at email@example.com
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C W Sellors could not resist the temptation to visit Baselworld last week, the largest annual watch and jewellery show in the world, to see some of the brand new collections from our favourite jewellery brands. We were lucky enough to be some of the first to see… and try on (sorry, we couldn't help ourselves!)… the new jewellery releases from brands like Ponte Vecchio, Faberge, Mikimoto, Marco Bicego, Fope and Georg Jensen who have really set the standards high...


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"We were there for three or four nights. We asked for water and [coalition troops] wouldn't let the Afghan soldiers give us water." They were moved to Bagram airbase, where he told his captors that he had had a back operation in Saudi Arabia and still had problems with his back.
"They didn't care," said Hadi. "When I tried to show them that I had had an operation, they just kicked my head to the ground. During my interrogation they asked, 'Who are you linked with?' I said we are only shopkeepers, I am not linked with Taliban or al-Qaida. They continued the interrogation."
Some of his interrogators were military, but most were in civilian clothes and included some women. "Some of [the interrogators] were nice," he said. Like other detainees, they were also made to strip. Whenever they moved between cells, they were blindfolded.
"They would order the detainees to take off their clothes, sometimes by force. If we talked to each other, we were sent into a dark room and had our hands tied like this." He made an X shape with his body, with his hands and legs extended. He was in custody for a total of six months and one week. "They didn't apologise. Even if they apologise 100 times, it is not acceptable."
At this point, an elderly man with a long grey beard and a turban came into the room. This was Hadi's 76-year-old uncle, Haji Ramazan, who was also arrested. "Here is the senior al-Qaida member!" they joked as he sat down. Ramazan is philosophical about his six-week detention in Bagram. "We are Muslims, we believe maybe it was in our destiny, that God made it come on us. But we believe the person who reported us wrongly [to the authorities] will be punished by our god."
Of his interrogations, he said: "They only asked me about what my son [Muhammad Oman] did before - did he participate in jihad [against the Soviet Union]? I said yes. Every Afghan did. I told them he has a shop now . . . Some of the soldiers treated us very badly."
But some soldiers, he said, intervened when their colleagues behaved abusively, by, for example, stamping on the Koran. "We requested of a high official that they did not do that, because Afghan people would know that Americans were against our religion, and the soldier was disciplined."
Ramazan said another of his nephews, Ghran, aged 14, was also held for six weeks at Bagram and that his son remains in custody. He said he did not know where he now was. "When we were in Bagram, he was with us, but it is a long time since we received any letters, so we don't know where he is." They had written to the US embassy in Kabul for information and been to Bagram but had still had no news, he said.


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
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What are the enhancements coming on February 1st?Asked by odtechgrp on January 26, 2017 at 12:47 PM
Can you provide any documentation as to what changes are going to take place on February 1st? We want to be proactive in seeing how the changes may affect the way our forms are currently set up.
Thank you,
Barb Gustin
JotForm Support
It's a complete redesign of the form builder (https://www.jotform.com/meet-jotform-4/ ).
You can try it by going to your account settings and activating version 4: https://www.jotform.com/myaccount/settings.
Go back to My Forms after and create a new form. You should see the version 4 builder:
Feel free to try it and send us your feedback.


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Silk & Almond Body Lotions & Cremes Gift Set
Style Notes
Add attitude with accessories for those fashion-forward finishing touches
It's all about accessories for injecting individuality into your look. Find your festival favourites from fedora hats and floral crowns to bumbags and body glitter, play up your partywear with a pop of pastel nail polish and make a statement in oversized sunglasses. Forget less is more, this season we're all for out-there hair, beauty and jewellery.
Details & CareSilk & Almond Body Lotions & Cremes Gift Set Includes 300ml Body Wash, 300ml Shower Creme, 50ml Body Butter and 50g Bath Soak Crystals.
Shipping info
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We hope you are satisfied with all of your purchases but if you ever need to return an item, you can do so within 28 days from the date your parcel was dispatched.
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- Diode Editions
- >
- Chapbooks
- >
- The Goddess Monologues, by Vandana Khanna
The Goddess Monologues, by Vandana Khanna
(price includes shipping)
(price includes shipping)
Vandana Khanna was born in New Delhi, India and attended the University of Virginia and Indiana University, where she earned her MFA. Her first collection, Train to Agra, won the Crab Orchard Review First Book Prize and her second collection, Afternoon Masala, was the co-winner
of the 2014 Miller Williams Arkansas Poetry Prize. Her work has appeared in the New England Review, The Missouri Review, 32 Poems and Prairie Schooner as well as the anthologies Raising Lilly Ledbetter: Women Poets Occupy the Workspace, Asian American Poetry: The Next Generation and Indivisible: An Anthology of Contemporary South Asian American Poetry.
Advance praise for The Goddess Monologues:
Vandana Khanna's work reminds me why we read poetry. These poems in the voices of Hindu goddesses speak with authority and clarity to what it means to be human, to our desires and our disappointments, to the multiple deaths and rebirths we experience in a lifetime.
Blas Falconer
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The imaginative language and elegant lines found in the poems of The Goddess Monologues propel the reader to carefully and fully examine their own thumping hearts. Behind these beautiful and tightly controlled personas, Khanna deftly steers us through a rich landscape where the voiceless can finally be heard "…raw and rustling like sugar cane," and where the night fills "with the tight snap of bow, the hollow whistle of arrows on fire."
Aimee Nezhukumatathil


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With First Tutors: Music you can search for a Totnes tuba teacher. Tuba tuition are a brilliant method to start a stimulating new hobby, pick up a new talent and attain confidence with tuba. Please use our site to find Totnes tuba teachers and select which suits your requirements so you can enjoy your tuba lessons in Totnes today!
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Check out Natalie's podcasts! Only Asian Kid in School The Great Dumplings Debate featuring Margaret Keng Empire Radio Interview about Authenticity & Being Southern ... Continue Reading
Father Knows Best: Johnny Cash, Whoppers & Wings
"I want one like that," my father said, holding his burger in the air with one hand while pointing to the over-sized Whopper photo on the wall poster with its glistening juiciness and colorful, fresh slices of tomato and lettuce. Other customers in line smiled and nodded in agreement. It was a far bite from the real thing. The young cashier obliged and messaged the kitchen by ... Continue Reading
Mother's Day Every Day with Tigger Mom!
Traditional Chinese Tiger Mother?? No way! My mother celebrates and embraces creativity, learning, new friendships and adventures, as much as she honors her own family and heritage. With her help and encouragement, I'm able to pursue my dream of sharing food, culture and diversity through Chinese Southern Belle adventures. She's my beloved TIGGER mom! Luckily for my sisters ... Continue Reading
Atlanta Comfort Women Memorial & Human Rights
I'm honored to serve on the The Atlanta Comfort Women Memorial Task Force. The effort is important to me because it symbolizes remembrance, healing and acceptance. HERstory is part of our HIStory which is repeatedly overlooked or denied and sadly, still a reality for women and children around the world. As shameful as the deed was, it is more shameful to ignore the ... Continue Reading
Who's Laughing? Race, Gender and Stereotypes
Stereotypes are irresistible and so convenient. We've all used, laughed, or stayed silent, at one time or another, including me. But stereotypes cheapen the individuality of all of us, regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, ability, religion, and class, and undeniably some affiliate groups historically more than others, with many stereotypes influencing or directly ... Continue Reading
Remembering the Dream – MLK Day
Honoring the man, the courage, and the dream with a community bike ride downtown to MLK National Historic Site in Atlanta. A time for reflection, inspiration, and service! Bike. Mentor. Volunteer. Lead. The work isn't done yet! ... Continue Reading
Letter to Editor: Dragons, Hoards and Immigrant Stereotypes
Letter to the Editor, The Economist: I love your publication especially the creative, witty headlines and graphics. You can imagine my dismay and disappointment when I saw the feature photo for the Who Is Chinese? article. Of the limitless images, creative ways to convey ethnicity, culture, and identity (available even to cell phone users), the photo you selected represents ... Continue Reading
Make Mulan Right
For the real-action movie, Disney wants to change the traditional story line and replace the original legend of female warrior and heroine who saves her village and cast a white dude who saves her instead? Come on. Just say NO here with the Make Mulan Right petition. http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/11/entertainment/make-mulan-right-petition/ ... Continue Reading
Diversity and Hollywood: Mulan
"Disney's upcoming 2018 live-action retelling of Mulan, the traditional Chinese story of a young girl who takes her father's place in war to save him, is being hit with criticism on social media after a speculative screenplay was leaked online. The information, posted anonymously on the websiteAngry Asian Man, revealed that the new Disney movie would not ... Continue Reading
Black is the New Green!
My grandmother told me eating black sesame made my hair shiny, black and healthy. She fed me black sesame soup (zhima tang), sticky rice balls oozing with sweet black sesame paste (tangyuan) and black sesame candy. Black sesame have protein and fiber, plus B vitamins and minerals, manganese, magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc. It didn't take much lobbying. As a ... Continue Reading
Tribute to Female Civil Rights Leaders
Tribute to Female Civil Rights Leaders As a multicultural relations educator, I know how gender bias and discrimination have shaped our country's policies and institutions. The recognition of female civil rights leaders is overdue and well-deserved. There are many more out there who made a difference or made huge sacrifices, often outside the spotlight or behind the scenes, ... Continue Reading
Chinese Traditional Medicine, Nobel Prize for Malaria Cure
Definitely late, almost never: Woman receives recognition forty years later for discovering cure for malaria based in Chinese herbal medicine. http://www.vox.com/2015/10/6/9461471/nobel-malaria-tu-youyou ... Continue Reading
Happy Mid-Autumn Harvest Moon Festival!
This time of year is like Chinese Thanksgiving--for a bountiful harvest before winter sets in, good health and family unity. Moon cakes, "rabbit in the moon" folklore, whole chicken/duck, taro root and pomelo (Chinese grapefruit) are traditional rituals and treats. I just got a box of beautifully wrapped lotus seed and fig moon cakes. This year, we're treated to a ... Continue Reading
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Harvard Foodie: Perplexing Peanut Allergies, New Research
Perplexing Peanut Allergies, Breakthrough Study http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/study-challenges-years-of-peanut-allergy-advice/ No study is perfect but continuing research on peanut allergies sheds light on a perplexing issue that affects countries and cultures differently. For example, the U.S. and Britain have higher rates than most Asian countries but Australia has a ... Continue Reading


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|Hoffman MR, Rieves AL, Surender K, Devine EE, Jiang JJ
|Author Profile(s)
|J Voice Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 149-54
|Publish Date
|2013 Mar
|PubMed ID
Clinical application of mechanical interruption methods for measuring aerodynamic parameters has been hindered by relatively high intrasubject variability. To improve the intrasubject reliability, we evaluated the effect of auditory and visual feedback on subject performance when measuring aerodynamic parameters with the airflow interrupter.Eleven subjects performed four sets of 10 trials with the airflow interrupter: no feedback (control); auditory feedback (tone matching subject's F0 played over headphones); visual feedback (real-time feedback of sound pressure level, frequency, and airflow); and combined auditory and visual feedback. Task order was varied across subjects. The effect of each feedback method on mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of subglottal pressure (Ps), mean flow rate (MFR), and laryngeal airway resistance (RL; Ps/MFR) compared with that of the control trials was determined using paired t tests. Feedback methods were compared against each other using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance.Each feedback method significantly decreased CV of RL compared with that of the control trials (auditory feedback: P=0.005; visual feedback: P=0.008; and combined feedback: P<0.001). Auditory feedback (P=0.011) and combined feedback (P=0.026) also decreased CV of MFR. Mean MFR was significantly higher during trials with visual feedback compared with that of the auditory feedback.Each feedback method improved the intrasubject consistency when measuring RL. Feedback appeared to have a greater effect on MFR than Ps. Although there is no clear optimal feedback method, each is preferable to not providing any feedback during trials. Evaluating new methods of visual feedback to further improve MFR and thus RL measurement would be valuable.
|Full Text
|Full text available on PubMed Central


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I am 24 and turning 25 in 2 mos. I think I am pregnant. I am not yet ready to be a mom and I am not yet married. I am afraid people will judge me because of this. I am not financially stable but I have a job as an elementary school teacher and my salary is not enough to support a baby. Do you think I am still too young or this is just a normal age get prego?
Most Helpful Guy
It's awkward because the biological clock has your chances for pregnancy diminishing as you head towards 30s and onward (though some women can have children really late -- I have a friend in her 40s who just recently had a child, though it took her three years of trying with her husband and multiple hospital trips where she had to do something with her ovaries).
Yet I think you have to be willing to kind of lose that carefree lifestyle completely (same goes for marriage). Shared income, responsibilities for people other than yourself, etc. It'll generally ruin your kind of single life, and your life will become centered around kids and work (if you work).
I'm totally ready for it in my mid-30s but I realize after spending extended amounts of time with my friends who have kids, and babysitting them voluntarily, that this is a really hard job to do 24/7, and pretty much the doom of any carefree youthfulness you hope to have.
It's okay when you're ready to say goodbye for the most part to partying, shopping for whatever you want, eating wherever you want, etc. The right timing to me lifestyle-wise to get married, and even more so to have kids, is when you're ready to sacrifice all such freedoms.
But biologically, pregnancy favors an earlier age.00|00|0
I am not the kind of person who goes out to party and I don't shop for things I dont need. I just think that I am not ready now cuz I might need to leave the job if ever im pregnant. I. Know it'll be hard and a lot of things will change. Getting my own house will be impossible for a few years with the baby. :(
Job is also tough -- workplaces usually aren't nearly as understanding as they should be towards mothers. I think, from a lifestyle choice, it's quite wise to wait.
I wish more workplaces would understand mothers more.


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|WikiProject Statistics
|(Rated Start-class)
Article too specific to SAR[edit]
At present the article, although informative, is very specific to radar applications. It should be made explicit that the content so far refers to the intensity domain only. Redding remains a useful source for radar, but is rather dated in my opinion. Ultimately it would be beneficial to include the parameterisations for the amplitude domain which have been used in sonar (noting that these are single-look systems). It would be nice to refer to the work of Abraham and Lyons, in terms of their physical interpretation of the model and the various MME based estimators they have derived. The IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering had a special issue on noise estimation in 2010 which is particularly relevant. 22.214.171.124 (talk) 19:58, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
- It may be better to have an entirely separate article discussing different forms of modelling and applications in radar and sonar, leaving this to be a mainly mathematical article about a particular probability distribution. Such a new article could then be given a much more meaningful title than the one here. Melcombe (talk) 09:30, 4 October 2011 (UTC)


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It's the first Friday of the Month, so come and join us for a drink… meet new people and make new friends.
On Friday 5th November we're planning to meetup for drinks in Camden in a great venue with a huge choice of food and drink on offer.
We'll be meeting up from 7:00pm in the Ice Wharf in Camden.
[mappress mapid="1″]
Camden Town (0.1 miles), Mornington Crescent (0.4 miles)
Camden Road (0.3 miles), Kentish Town West (0.6 miles), London Euston (0.7 miles)
Date: Friday 5th November
Time: 7pm
Venue: The Ice Wharf
Address: Units 1-2 Suffolk Wharf, 28 Jamestown Rd, Camden, NW1 7BY
Contact Number: if you can't find the group you can call Diamond on: 07017600791
Notes: The Ice Wharf Bar (which is part of the Lloyds Bar / Wetherspoons Pub Chain) is located directly on the canal, near to the Holiday Inn Hotel. The best way to get to the front is to walk along the canal waterfront. Once inside turn left – we plan to be on the upper deck area which overlooks the main bar.
Photo ID
This venue regularly checks people's Photo ID – so please bring Photo ID with you on the night otherwise you risk not being let in. Passport, Drivers License, etc.


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Juicer, 3
No ribs, no juice.
LifeStyles Ribbed Condoms.
Advertising Agency: Mortierbrigade, Brussels, Belgium
Creatives: Niels Schreyers, Koenraad Lefever
Photography: Koen Demuynck
I don't know about the rest of you, but I don't need ribs on a condom to make "juice."
I don't think you are the target for juice making.
Unless you're by yourself?
This is okay, nice art, but do we really need 3?
You assume too much DJ. You don't know if I'm a man or a woman.
Why are YOU jumping in this PaulyG? So you believe I'm a man just because I said so in an online profile? I guess that means you also believe my real name is Darrin Stephens, huh? And you apparently believe in witches and that I'm actually married to one because I listed those two fun facts as well, right? How about my birthday, do you believe that too? Wow! You actually believe everything presented to you on the internet? How naive of you. Exactly how much HAVE you lost in Nigerian e-mail scams?
woah woah waoh. All I said was that your profile says you're a man. Take it easy, and while you're at it, get a life.
you get your jollies by fooling people with false online profiles? Where else do you post false profiles? you ever try to pick up little boys with these fake profiles? I'd like to know just how far you take this little hobby of yours. If you're trying to make the internet a creepier place, you have.
This is how serial killers get started. Next thing, you're going to be telling me you want to wear my skin.
It puts the lotion in the basket...
Yeah, my point too, we don't come here to play pathetic 'ha ha I tricked you' internerd games.
Who gives a shit if you're really a woman? Don't post as a man you time-waster.
How silly of me, just because you have a man's name and your profile says you're a man. How could I have been so stupid?
We're just trying to check out some ads, not play nerd-games.
the idea is a little gaga.
you only need friction and pressure for the juice..
Ahh, ok its makes one smile. But like the other dude said, u dnt need ribs to make "juice"
ONE PUN + ONE VISUAL PUN x 3 = A CAMPAIGN? NOPE.]
If it were 1 nice execution that'd be okay
if u stick ur finger in an orange it squirts out a whole lot of juice... in fact if u stick anything in an orange it squirts out juice, and annoyingly it usually ends up in your eye too! That said the ad is probably aimed at hideously ugly people or something, but then the good old paper bag has done more than durex could ever do lol
the tagline "no ribs, no juice" keeps me looking for an std/safe sex message somewhere. something about why you should use condoms instead of going without. common sense, i suppose, but still.
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Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Sketch Demo
6 comments:
Booyah! Love the demo video Randy. I would definitely watch one of these every week. I love the creature concepts you come up with. I've been sketching dragons for the last couple weeks and can never seem to come up with one I like. I've also been thinking about learning horse anatomy because I love horses and your pegasus sketch got me interested in them again haha. So the tip of using horse anatomy for a dragon is like manna from heaven. I'm definitely gonna try that next. Do you learn structure and anatomy of new animals from how to books or just studying pictures? Your suggestions are always gold. Thanks for all the advice thus far. If you are doing it again next week I'd vote for a human. I'd just really like to see how you sketch out the muscle groups. The anatomy fascinates me even though I've only taken the one figure drawing class. Can't wait to see what you come up with next. You rock man. Great inspiration and motivation :)ReplyDeleteReplies
Hey Brian, thanks for the comment! I'm glad my ramblings added up to something useful for you. I'll definitely plan on doing a human figure or some sort next week. Spread the word! Thanks againDelete
Thank you for the video, it's much appreciated!!ReplyDeleteReplies
You're very welcome!Delete
This is fantastic :)ReplyDelete


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Ideas to create a registry for baby gifts
When you think of buying a gift for an expectant you need to be extremely careful. You cannot pick any random item from the gift shop and expect the soon-to-be-mother to like it. Ever thought that you can create a registry for gifting the soon-to-be-mom and the baby will be better. The registry will help you to categorize all the items that can be gifted to the expectant woman on her special day. Only when you are prepared in the right way you will be able to choose the right gifts.
Take care of the following pointers when you are in the process to create the baby gift registry.
Check how much practical is the gift that you think of buying. Pick on the items that will be loved by the expectant mother. For this you will have to prepare a good list of gifts. Go through the registry again and again. Choosing some of the repeat gifts like toys would be too safe and hence you should opt for something that is not gifted earlier. For instance if you are buying cribs or strollers then they are not only expensive but are not practical when they become a repeat gift. You will have to call the expectant's mother or sister to know if anyone is gifting such items to the expectant. Only then you will be able to create a registry that has useable and good gifts.
Picking a gift that is useful is important. They will be more thankful for coming up with a gift that does not just occupy the space in the house but is useful as well. Toys are good as gift but in the end they simply cover up the house space. Also such gifts will be bought by friends who do not know the expectant mothers too close. You should create a registry that has gifts that even if repeated would be loved by the expectant mother. You can definitely think of buying cute baby clothes or essentials like baby products. You can also think of buying bed sheets or car seats for the baby.
Instead of buying a costly gift you should think of gifting something special. The gift should be put to use by the baby or the mother only then the gift is useful. If the gift will not be used even once then the gift will not be useful for the mother or the baby. Think of silver frames for bedside tables or walls. One can use the frames to save the memories of the mother and the baby. This way you can create the best baby shower gift registry.
Grotime is a good site for baby products. Here you will come up with great ideas for gifting the expectant mother as well as the baby. There is no harm in accessing such sites for creating a good list for gifts. If you share a close relationship with the expectant mother you can certainly share the ideas with her.
You can discuss some ideas with the expectant mother that will help you create a registry. If you want to keep it a surprise you can ask her for her favorite colors. Try to ask her what she would like for her baby as gifts. All such things will help you build a good list for gifts. Visit - www.babyography.net.au/Grotime-Furniture-Nursery-Baby-Cots-Change-Tables-Bassinetts-Mattresses


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Splatter Banner
Street art banner vector for all website buttons and online advertising designs. Gradient color elongated splatter shapes and a smaller drop of paint on it. Many splashes of paint or spray, random drops and drips around the image. Free vector illustration for all graffiti, street art and grunge designs.