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|"Roy T. Fielding" <field...@gbiv.com>
|Re: Wrong etag sent with mod_deflate
|Sat, 09 Dec 2006 05:52:43 GMT
On Dec 8, 2006, at 3:35 PM, Justin Erenkrantz wrote: > On 12/8/06, Roy T. Fielding <email@example.com> wrote: >> What we should be doing is sending transfer-encoding, not content- >> encoding, >> and get past the chicken and egg dilemma of that feature in HTTP. >> If we are changing content-encoding, then we must behave as if there >> are two different "files" on the server representing the resource. >> That means tweaking the etag and being prepared to handle that tweak >> on future conditional requests. > > There's just no way to know how to handle any ETag modification on > future requests. So, that's a non-starter. Therefore, any fix for > this edge case which breaks cacheability in the common case of real > browsers I would find unacceptable. It isn't necessary to handle "any" ETag modification -- our ETag generation is fairly limited and is not opaque to the server. We only need to avoid conflicts between the content-encoded variant and the non-encoded variant, which is guaranteed if the encoded variant has "-gzip" appended to the existing entity-tag. That will work fine with the common case of real browsers -- far better than the current case which will deliver invalid content if a browser tries to complete a partial download from a cache. >> In other words, Henrik has it right. It is our responsibility to >> assign different etags to different variants because doing otherwise >> may result in errors on shared caches that use the etag as a variant >> identifier. > > As Kevin mentioned, Squid is only using the ETag and is ignoring the > Vary header. That's the crux of the broken behavior on their part. Then they will still be broken regardless of what we do here. It simply isn't a relevant issue. > If they want to point out minor RFC violations in Apache, then we can > play that game as well. (mod_cache deals with this Vary/ETag case > just fine, FWIW.) Unlike Squid, RFC compliance is part of our mission, at least when it isn't due to a bug in the spec. This is not a bug in the spec. A high-efficiency response cache is expected to have multiple representations of a given resource cached. The cache key is the URI. If the set of varying header field values that generated the cached response is different from the request set, then a conditional GET request is made containing ALL of the cached entity tags in an If-None-Match field (in accordance with the Vary requirements). If the server says that any one of the representations, as indicated by the ETag in a 304 response, is okay, then the cached representation with that entity tag is sent to the user-agent regardless of the Vary calculation. In short, if we have two active representations that have the same etag, then we have violated the spec and created an unnecessary interoperability problem: If the selecting request header fields for the cached entry do not match the selecting request header fields of the new request, then the cache MUST NOT use a cached entry to satisfy the request unless it first relays the new request to the origin server in a conditional request and the server responds with 304 (Not Modified), including an entity tag or Content-Location that indicates the entity to be used. If an entity tag was assigned to a cached representation, the forwarded request SHOULD be conditional and include the entity tags in an If-None-Match header field from all its cache entries for the resource. This conveys to the server the set of entities currently held by the cache, so that if any one of these entities matches the requested entity, the server can use the ETag header field in its 304 (Not Modified) response to tell the cache which entry is appropriate. If the entity-tag of the new response matches that of an existing entry, the new response SHOULD be used to update the header fields of the existing entry, and the result MUST be returned to the client. In other words, the conditional request containing all of the entity tags satisfies the semantics of Vary when the server responds with 304 and one of those entity tags. And, no, mod_cache doesn't "deal with it" -- it just isn't a very efficient cache. > The compromise I'd be willing to accept is to have mod_deflate support > the 'TE: gzip' request header and add 'gzip' to the Transfer-Encoding > bit - and to prefer that over any Accept-Encoding bits that are sent. > The ETag can clearly remain the same in that case - even as a strong > ETag. So, Squid can change to send along TE: gzip (if it isn't > already). And, everyone else who sends Accept-Encoding gets the > result in a way that doesn't pooch their cache if they try to do a > later conditional request. > > Is that acceptable? -- justin The best solution is to not mess with content-encoding at all, which gets us out of both this consistency problem and related problems with the entity-header fields (content-md5, signatures, etc.). That is why transfer encoding was invented in the first place. We should have an implementation of deflate as a transfer encoding, but it should be configurable independent of the existing filter. Some people will want TE specifically to avoid the addition of Vary and all the other problems that content-changing filters cause. For example, an additional directive option for CE, TE, or "either". The existing filter needs to modify the ETag field value (and any other entity-dependent values that we can think of) or be removed as a feature. Weak etags are not a solution -- being able to make range requests of large cached representations requires a strong etag, and it really isn't hard to provide one. It is better to not deflate the response at all than to interfere with caching. In any case, I won't accept anyone's votes on this issue until there is a patch that can be voted on, and the technical considerations of security and correctness take priority over other trade-offs. RTC. ....Roy
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Though the Zodiac killer has already been featured in a few films, that doesn't mean a talented director, in this case David Fincher (Fight Club and Se7en), can't take a whack at it.
Bloody Disgusting this evening posted an image of a large billboard teasing us with the Zodiac film starring Jake Gyllenhaal and Robert Downey, Jr. The billboard is hanging from one of the Paramount Studios buildings in California.
The teaser poster B-D found certainly looks attractive but doesn't really have a Zodiac feel to it. The name's there complete with symbol, but it feels a bit generic. Maybe all the good ideas were taken? Personally I prefer the one you see to the right.
This just in!
Our buds at JoBlo nailed down a much better look at the official poster. I still like the one to the right better.
The mysterious killer will live once again in January of 2007. You'd better start boning up on your history and Greek symbols.
Decipher the Zodiac Killer's clues in the forums!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Product code: 6099
Despatched in 5-10 days.
Want hair you can't help but take a shine to? Go with our Super Shiny Conditioner. Made with an amino acid-rich formula, it rinses easily and reduces the frustrating frizzies. Giving your hair bouncy brilliance with an added gloss. Fortified with Mango Seed and Avocado Oils, this naturally detangling formula will smooth and nourish your hair leaving it soft, sleek and oh-so beautiful.• Naturally detangles with Mango Seed and Avocado Oils• Adds shine and gloss to hair • Smoothes and reduces frizz• Sulfate-free
Sign up for the latest news, offers and ideas.
eChemist.co.uk © 2017. All rights reserved.


text:
Disney's Mighty Ducks: Phil in the Blank (A Golden look-look book)
The evil Lord Dragaunus is determined to get rid of the Mighty Ducks, who always try to ruin his plans! What better way than to hypnotize Phil their manager, so he will order the team to do whatever Lord Dragaunus wishes! Will Phil ever snap out of it, or has he lost his mind forever?
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regarding ISBN / ISBN-10 / ISBN10, ISBN-13 / ISBN13, EAN / EAN-13, and Amazon
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Ammo Cans & Containers
Government Liquidation
Online Auction
Event ID- 14462/21965
Bidding Opens –
Bidding Closes –
Opening Bid - $25.00
View Auction Here!!Featuring but not limited to:
Quadruple Container
Ammunition Cans
Raw Water Tank
Collapsible Fabric Drum
Transit Case
Fabric Tank
Music Cases
Storage Container
Storage Crate
(To View More Lots in ALL Locations Click Here):Check website for additional information, items and other locations.
Contact us if you have questions or for more information!!
Us Free Ads


text: Just wondered if anyone else was going to be there at the same time. If so, what are your travel plans? Considering using the greyhound bus service after being put off Oz experience by many bad reviews. Biggest worry is that I will end up being on my own for ages not really knowing where I am going or doing! Somone tell me I have nothing to worry about! Thanks


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Posted by Katie smith / 9/13/2010 / 2 Comments / make it monday
make it monday
this little owl coin purse is adorable!
How cute are these crazy littles softies? tute here.
The Perfect Pear has a couple of tutorials this week--
These fabric beads are neat! found at IHannah's blog.
I also really like these cute envelope bags from how about orange. I really like that pretty pink tape! :)
Hope you are inspired, I'm off to the craft room.
xoxo, Katie
tags make it monday
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text:
Magnum Hunter Resources Corporation says that throughput volumes on Eureka Hunter Pipeline, LLC's gas gathering pipeline system located in West Virginia and Ohio reached a new record high throughput volume of approximately 835,000 MMBtu per day on the first of December.
Magnum Hunter owns a substantial equity interest in Eureka Hunter Pipeline, LLC (Eureka Hunter) of approximately 45 percent. Eureka Hunter's current throughput volumes represent an approximate 16% increase from reported volumes in July 2015.
Mr. Gary C. Evans, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Magnum Hunter and Eureka Hunter commented, "These new record throughput volumes on the Eureka Hunter pipeline system, during this period of unprecedented declines in overall drilling activity due to extremely low commodity prices, are a testimony to the resource value not only of this region, but what has been created by the hard work of our management team over the past couple of years. The results from the combination of new interconnects with other pipelines, operational superiority, and exceptional service to existing customers, have allowed for this substantial growth being experienced at Eureka Hunter to continue."
Magnum Hunter Resources Corporation
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|"Adam R. B. Jack" <aj...@trysybase.com>
|SVG to PNG
|Fri, 02 Apr 2004 22:11:44 GMT
I am trying to get Forrest to generate PNGs for SVG, and I can't seem to figure it out. Note: I am not trying to do logos and such, but more inlined graphics (charts, etc.) As such I was hoping something like this might work in an xdoc: <img src="test.png" alt="test"/> with test.svg or test.png in the same directory. I've tried this, but with the .svg or .xml in the images directory. I've tried using .svg as the extension. Nothing gives me what I'd hope for. I've tried the Google search (for xml.apache.org) and I don't find anything that answers it. I find this: http://xml.apache.org/forrest/ a.. SVG to PNG rendering (using Apache Batik); simply drop a SVG in the appropriate directory and it will be rendered as PNG. and: http://xml.apache.org/forrest/your-project.html Generate PNG or JPEG images from SVG XML files. (Update: Forrest's sitemap now does this natively). Can anybody tell me if what I am trying is supported, and if so, how. Thanks in advance. regards Adam -- Experience the Unwired Enterprise: http://www.sybase.com/unwiredenterprise Try Sybase: http://www.try.sybase.com
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IcoUncoupledKinematicParcelFoam exploding cloud!
Hi Foamers, I'm trying to simulate both the charging and the emptying of a hopper, the parcels seem to create the wanted bed, velocity is almost zero, but at one point, instead of stopping, the whole cloud goes off, just like a spring. Does anyone know why? Is that due to a specific cloud property?
|All times are GMT -4. The time now is 07:48.


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Egyptian Pound (EGP) to Comorian franc (KMF) Converter
Enter the amount of money to be converted from Egyptian Pound (EGP) to Comorian franc (KMF), it is converted as you type. Also, you can convert in the reverse direction (from KMF to EGP).
Details of Egyptian Pound to Comorian franc Exchange Rates
Egyptian Pound (EGP) to Comorian franc (KMF) Chart
Here is the EGP to KMF Chart. Select a time frame for the chart; 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, year to day, 1 Year and all available time which varies from 7 to 13 years according to the currency. You can also, download the chart as a png or jpeg image or as a pdf file or directly print the chart by clicking on the corresponding button in the top right of the chart.


text:
S.U.M Posse is a Red Dead Redemption posse.
About the posse
Started by Messinger1911/Messingerfamily, Undertaker2014, and Shippudengirl. [Story In-Progress]
Joining the posse
-Completed Campaign
-No Glitchers/Hackers
-No Casual Aimers
-Mic not required but preferred
-Prestiged at least once; exceptions are made
IMPORTANT: If you wish to join, message Shippudengirl. Also, exclusively a PSN posse.
[Not Listed Yet]
- Undertaker2014 [5th Prestige]
- Messingerfamily / Messinger1911 [5th Prestige / Lvl 38]
- Shippudengirl [5th Prestige]
Other members
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text:
Average Price: $25.00
This stuff works, but it's literally the exact same thing as the ELF blushes that come in super similar packaging and they are like 3-6$ if I am correct.
I'm very fair with blonde hair and #220 works so well for me. You only need a tiny bit for great color and it lasts all day. I've applied under powder foundation and on top of liquid and both ways work perfectly. I have no complaints about this product. I even pat a little onto my lips and eyelids some days.
More MUFE Reviews @ [Sakura, Lovely] sakuralovely.wordpress.com
The pump version of these blushes are not the most friendly - the pump dispenses a lot of product and although it's a cream blush the product itself applies quite dry and can be very hard to blend! The shelf life is not great - after about a year I noticed some of my blushes had separated in the container and could not be shaken back together. I much prefer the new compact formula!
These reviews are the subjective opinions of ChickAdvisor members and not of ChickAdvisor Inc.


text:
Hearing impaired and Deaf children will suffer if Government privatises Australian Hearing
The Australian Government is considering the privatisation of Australian Hearing.
Australia Hearing has been the sole provider of hearing services for hearing impaired and deaf children since 1947. There are approximately 20,000 hearing impaired and Deaf children and young adults who access services at Australian Hearing's national network of service locations. The clients range in age from birth to 26 years. Some have multiple disabilities. 11% are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Community advocate organisations warn that the privatisation of this Government agency would have a significant impact on the lives of hearing impaired and deaf children and their families.
Ann Porter AM, founder and chief executive of Aussie Deaf Kids, said: "Australian Hearing offers services to hard of hearing and deaf children in Australia, regardless of location and socio-economic background. Australian Hearing gives them access to high quality technology that optimises their ability to listen and, in turn, to learn."
"The sale of Australian Hearing would put outcomes for Australian children with hearing loss at risk and could impact on the entire health, education and disability infrastructure that supports them and their families," Ms Porter said.
Parents of Deaf Children believes a sale could see children fall through the gaps and limit availability of services.
Parents of Deaf Children Coordinator Kate Kennedy said, ""If a new owner was to withdraw services, especially in rural and remote areas, it would have a devastating impact for Australian children with hearing loss."
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children are at risk if the asset is sold. The Indigenous outreach service through which Australian Hearing provides culturally appropriate services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in urban, rural and remote areas is placed at risk by the proposed sale.
Deafness Forum of Australia believes that moving to a commercial arrangement introduces a high degree of uncertainty.
"There is no guarantee there will be providers willing to take on this highly complex work, or they may not have the expertise needed, leaving clients with the greatest need without a reliable service", said Deafness Forum chairman David Brady.
Children With Disability Australia said that a decision on the future of Australian Hearing should not only be about the financial benefit that may be realised from the sale of a Government asset.
Chief Executive Officer Stephanie Gotlib said: "The decision must be considered in the context of the impact it will have on the lives of highly vulnerable hearing impaired and deaf children and their families and carers."
Aussie Deaf Kids
Ann Porter AM
[email protected]
02 6684 2571, 0419 495 032
Parents of Deaf Children
Kate Kennedy
[email protected],au
02 9871 3049, 0419 628 829
Children With Disability Australia
Stephanie Gotlib
[email protected]
03 9482 1130
Deafness Forum of Australia
Steve Williamson
[email protected]
02 62627808
Contact Profile
Deafness Forum of Australia
DEAFNESS FORUM OF AUSTRALIA is the national representative of all Australians who have a hearing impairment, a chronic disorder of the ear, are Deaf or deafblind, and the families who support them.
Deafness Forum provides advice to government on strategic policy development and reform on behalf of the one in six Australians whose views we represent.
Steve Williamson
W: www.deafnessforum.org.au


text:
in plus sizes
in plus sizes
available in
extended sizes
extended sizes
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Leaf and Vine Vessel
Ceramic Vessel(ID: A94257)
Created by Carol Green
Wheel-thrown white earthenware. Hand drawn, etched, and fabricated copper lid with patina.
Shipping Information
Need Help?
REVIEW SNAPSHOT®by PowerReviews
Carol GreenLeaf and Vine Vessel
Reviewed by 1 customer
Comments about Leaf and Vine Vessel:
The vessel is beautiful. I love the true red color and the meticulous attention to the craftsmanship and detail. A truly high end lovely piece of art for a very affordable price......


text:
Washington, DC – Children's National Health System is pleased to announce today, Sept. 2, a new affiliation with the Georgetown Pediatric Cardiology Associates, a two-office pediatric cardiology practice founded by Thomas J. Hougen, MD.
Dr. Hougen has close ties with Children's National having served as Division Chief of Cardiology from 1989 to 1997.
With the acquisition, Dr. Hougen's offices in Arlington, Va. and Northwest Washington, DC, will become Children's National's satellite cardiology clinics. The clinics will provide full cardiology services to patients and families, including outpatient visits, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and other diagnostic testing as needed.
As part of the acquisition, Dr. Hougen and other Children's National cardiologists will continue to provide consultation to the Virginia Hospital Center nursery and pediatric ward.
"We believe this move will be advantageous to both patients and referring physicians," said Charles Berul, MD, Division Chief of Cardiology. "Dr. Hougen and his patients will have electronic health records, increased learning opportunities, and seamless access to leading pediatric specialists at Children's National."
Dr. Hougen will continue to see patients at both locations, and scheduling procedures will remain the same. However, billing, insurance, and other office administration functions will be assumed by Children's National. By November, Children's National will have three pediatric cardiologists working at the Arlington location.
Contact: Emily Hartman or Caitlyn Camacho at 202-476-4500.
Children's National Health System, based in Washington, DC, has been serving the nation's children since 1870. Children's National is ranked in the top 20 in every specialty evaluated by U.S. News & World Report; one of only four children's hospitals in the nation to earn this distinction. Designated a Leapfrog Group Top Hospital and a two-time recipient of Magnet® status, this pediatric academic health system offers expert care through a convenient, community-based primary care network and specialty outpatient centers. Home to the Children's Research Institute and the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National is one of the nation's top NIH-funded pediatric institutions. Children's National is recognized for its expertise and innovation in pediatric care and as a strong voice for children through advocacy at the local, regional and national levels. For more information, visit ChildrensNational.org, or follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
Want the latest Children's National news and stories as they happen? Sign up to get our News & Events releases by email.
With the only pediatric, cardiac, and neuro intensive care units in the immediate Washington, DC, area, Children's National Health System is the region's leading provider of critical care medicine for seriously ill and injured infants and children.
A dedicated team of nearly 100 professionals provides respiratory care services around the clock for outpatients and inpatients at Children's National Health System. Our therapists excel in the field for their technical knowledge as well as their expertise in working with kids.
The Fetal Medicine Institute at Children's National in Washington, DC, provides specialized care for babies during pregnancy, delivery and after birth.
Our pediatric heart surgery team performs twice the number of surgeries of any other hospital in the region, with some of the best outcomes in the nation.


text:
Jeebboo Gameplay 1 iOS / Android
By: amaze
Genre: Trivia
Video Tips
Let's play Jeebboo! This is part 1 of my walkthrough guide for the iOS game, Jeebboo by AMAZE SA.
I will update this post with more tips and tricks, so please bookmark this page and keep on checking in!
If you have any questions, feel free to ask for extra help in the comments section.
Hit like if this helped you!
Visit Jeebboo walkthrough page for level videos, tutorials, cheats and more.
Gameplay Questions
Questions related to gameplay of Jeebboo iPhone game.


text:
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|"Hairong Kuang (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Updated: (HDFS-1457) Limit transmission rate when transfering image between primary and secondary NNs
|Tue, 09 Nov 2010 04:32:10 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-1457?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ] Hairong Kuang updated HDFS-1457: -------------------------------- Resolution: Fixed Release Note: Add a configuration variable dfs.image.transfer.bandwidthPerSec to allow the user to specify the amount of bandwidth for transferring image and edits. Its default value is 0 indicating no throttling. Hadoop Flags: [Reviewed] Status: Resolved (was: Patch Available) I've just committed this. Thanks Lu! > Limit transmission rate when transfering image between primary and secondary NNs > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: HDFS-1457 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HDFS-1457 > Project: Hadoop HDFS > Issue Type: Improvement > Components: name-node > Affects Versions: 0.22.0 > Reporter: Hairong Kuang > Assignee: Hairong Kuang > Fix For: 0.22.0 > > Attachments: checkpoint-limitandcompress.patch, trunkThrottleImage.patch, trunkThrottleImage1.patch, trunkThrottleImage2.patch > > > If the fsimage is very big. The network is full in a short time when SeconaryNamenode do checkpoint, leading to Jobtracker access Namenode to get relevant file data to fail in job initialization phase. So we limit transmission speed and compress transmission to resolve the problem. -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online.
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text:
What's the longest journey you have travelled, either by: Air, Sea, Car or whatever means you had getting there.
Most Helpful Guy
The longest trip I have taken has been about 8 or 9 hours from Auckland New Zealand to Wellington New Zealand by car and then about another 8 hours the next day. 3 hours of the this 8 hours was when we put the car on a boat and the rest was driving.11|00|0
So over the two days 13ish hours driving and 3 hours when the car was on the boat.
- Show AllShow Less
Your welcome.
Thank you for MHA


text:
Ryan Truex teased his 25,000-plus Twitter followers for most of the past week about an upcoming announcement.
Truex followed through with huge news Monday.
The Stafford Township resident announced two separate deals for the upcoming NASCAR season: One to drive in Friday's Trucks Series race in Daytona Beach, Fla., and another to make his Sprint Cup debut April 27 in Richmond, Va.
"We've got a lot more promising things in the works, but it's great to be able to have something going and to have the ball rolling and to be in good equipment," Truex said in a phone interview Monday evening after a fishing trip in West Palm Beach, Fla., with his father, Martin Sr., and brother, Martin Jr.
Truex, who turns 21 next month, will drive the No. 30 truck for Turner Scott Motorsports, with Bass Pro Shops as his sponsor. The deal is only for one race, but Truex said he hopes to extend it for the rest of the season.
The Cup deal, which is with Phoenix Racing, also is open-ended. No sponsor has been announced yet, but Truex said he could drive in more Cup races depending on the money. As part of the deal, he also will drive in the Nationwide Series race July 27 at Indianapolis.
"We've been looking for anything for the past year, really," Truex said of his search for a team. "We've basically talked to everybody."
Both Phoenix-racing and Turner Scott Motorsports are affiliated with Hendrick Motorsports, so Truex said he anticipates having equipment that will allow him to run up front.
"The last thing we wanted to do was get in a bad situation where I had to run maybe a back-market team or some start-and-parks or something like that," he said, the latter part referring to teams that make money by qualifying for races but immediately head to the garage after the start.
Truex said right now he is focusing on the Trucks race since it is only a few days away. After winning back-to-back NASCAR K&N Pro Series East titles in 2009-10, he raced only partial Nationwide schedules the past two seasons - plus two Trucks races last year - so he is excited at the chance to compete for a championship in the Trucks series.
Last year, the No. 30 truck was driven by Nelson Piquet Jr., who finished seventh in the standings and won two races. Piquet qualified second at Daytona last season and led for 15 of the 109 laps before crashing and finishing 22nd.
"Turner Scott Motorsports' three trucks were the class of the field last year in Daytona, and I have no doubt that we can do the same with four trucks this season," TSM co-owner Harry Scott Jr. said in a news release.
As for Truex's Cup ride, the No. 51 car was driven last season by former Cup champion Kurt Busch and veteran A.J. Allmendinger. Regan Smith will drive it in Sunday's Daytona 500.
Phoenix Racing owner James Finch is an old friend of Truex's father. Ryan said they decided to do a Cup deal because it only costs slightly more to field a Cup car than a Nationwide car, and the potential financial gain is greater.
"It'll be cool to make my Cup debut at only 21 years old," Truex said. "It's kind of crazy to me. I've only been doing this since I was 15. It's all gone really fast."
Richmond is one of Truex's favorite tracks. In three Nationwide starts there over the past two seasons, he has finished eighth, fourth and 16th.
"I've had good runs at that track in the Nationwide Series," he said. "It's a whole other thing racing a Cup race there, but just to know that I've had laps at that track and been able to run there helps a lot."
The Cup race will be an opportunity to race against Martin Jr., a Sprint Cup regular. The brothers have driven in the same race only three times, all in Nationwide races in 2010.
The July 27 Nationwide race at Indianapolis, meanwhile, is one that Truex said Finch wants to win badly. Finch's No. 4 car with Jeremy Clements behind the wheel finished 10th there last season.
None of this was part of the plan Truex and his father laid out a few years ago. Truex hoped to run multiple full Nationwide seasons before moving up to the Cup level.
But things changed. Truex said he had a two-year deal with a top Nationwide team lined up in the offseason, but it fell through. He spent the offseason living with his parents in the Mayetta section of Stafford Township, trying to work something out.
Truex still hopes to get into more races - at any level. He said he wants to do as many interviews as possible this week in Daytona to "beg" for sponsors.
When he does line up another deal, he looks forward to letting his fans know again on Twitter.
"I think I did a good job of teasing people," he said. "A lot of things have been going on for a while and it's nice to be able to finally start getting things out to the public."
Contact Jason Mazda:


text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
On the 9th of August 2010 my wife called our leasing office to renew our lease. They told her that the owners of the house will be moving back in and we had to be out by the last day of September 2010. Our lease agreement says we have until 15 Oct 2010.
Look to the lease. The rights and obligations of both landlord and tenant are spelled out in detail in that document. If the lease agreement says that you have until 10/15/10 and there is no provision that you have to leave if the owner wishes to move back in, I would think that that is the beginning, the middle, and the end of the story.
Please note that I am a New York attorney and cannot advise you as to the application of Washington state law. For that reason, you may wish to consult a local attorney.
Good luck to you.Ask a similar question
Your landlord needs a court order to remove you from the premises under RCW 59.18.290. In addition, if they breach the lease they need to pay your actual costs resulting from their breach, such as costs incurred as a result of having to move early, if any.
As a practical matter, though it is annoying to be uprooted, the easiest thing for you to do would be to negotiate a plan with them to help you move and make sure you're not overpaying for your last month. Keep everything in writing, memorialize phone conversations with confirmation letters. Remember that small claims court is cheap and handles this stuff routinely. And remember that again when it comes to your security deposit. Good luck.Ask a similar question
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 17, 2009
|Filing date
|Jan 14, 2005
|Priority date
|Jan 14, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jamie Hunter, Paul England, Russell Humphries, Stefan Thom, James Anthony Schwartz, Jr., Kenneth D. Ray, Jonathan Schwartz
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (33), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (19), Classifications (12), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to co-pending U.S. Patent Application entitled "Systems and Methods for Securely Booting a Computer With a Trusted Processing Module," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/031,161, filed Jan. 7, 2005, and to co-pending U.S. Patent Application entitled "Systems and Methods for Updating A Secure Boot Process On A Computer With A Hardware Security Module," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/036,081, filed Jan. 14, 2004.
The present invention relates generally to the field of computing. More particularly, the invention provides mechanisms for failure recovery in systems with a trusted platform module (TPM) validated boot process, and mechanisms for updating a TPM validated boot process.
Security has become a widespread concern for computer users. Viruses, worms, Trojan horses, identity theft, software and media content piracy, and extortion using threats of data destruction are rampant. An operating system can provide numerous security features to guard against such attacks. However, the security features of an operating system are ineffective if they are disabled. Disabling such security features, if it is attempted, will likely be attempted during the boot of the operating system. After boot, an operating system may have numerous features in place for protecting itself and the data and processes which it manages. During boot, however, those features may not yet be initialized and are vulnerable to bypass and/or tampering.
To this end, a secure boot process for a computer with a TPM has been developed by MICROSOFT �, as can be understood with reference to a U.S. Patent Application entitled "Systems and Methods for Securely Booting a Computer With a Trusted Processing Module," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/031,161 filed Jan. 7, 2005. Also related to this application are a U.S. Patent Application entitled "Systems and Methods for Controlling Access to Data on a Computer with a Secure Boot Process," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/036,415 filed Jan. 14, 2005, a U.S. Patent Application entitled "System and Method for Protected Operating System Boot Using State Validation" U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/882,134, filed Jun. 30, 2004, and a U.S. Patent Application entitled "System and Method for Updating a Secure Boot Process on a Computer with a Hardware Security Module," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/036,081, filed Jan. 14, 2004.
Systems and methods for secure boot processes on computers with TPMs will likely need to rely on technology for maintaining and updating the boot process. Such updates, while they may occur rarely, may require techniques to effectively integrate maintenance with TPM security. Perhaps because TPM secured boot processes remain largely unexplored, maintenance of such systems is also unexplored. Thus there is an unmet need in the industry to address the maintenance and update of TPM secured boot processes.
In consideration of the above, the present invention provides systems and methods for maintaining and updating a secure boot process on a computer with a trusted platform module (TPM). A boot process may recover from boot failures by inspecting a log of TPM activity, determining data that prevented a secret to unseal, and returning the data to an original state. In situations where this type of recovery is not workable, techniques for authenticating a user may be used, allowing the authenticated user to bypass the security features of the boot process and reseal the boot to platform configuration registers (PCRs) that may have changed. Finally, a secure boot process may be upgraded by migrating TPM sealed secrets to a temporary storage location, updating one or more aspects of a secure boot process, and resealing the secrets to the resulting new platform configuration. Other advantages and features of the invention are described below.
The systems and methods for maintaining and updating a secure boot process in accordance with the present invention are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Certain specific details are set forth in the following description and figures to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention. Certain well-known details often associated with computing and software technology are not set forth in the following disclosure, however, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the various embodiments of the invention. Further, those of ordinary skill in the relevant art will understand that they can practice other embodiments of the invention without one or more of the details described below. Finally, while various methods are described with reference to steps and sequences in the following disclosure, the description as such is for providing a clear implementation of embodiments of the invention, and the steps and sequences of steps should not be taken as required to practice this invention.
The following detailed description will generally follow the summary of the invention, as set forth above, further explaining and expanding the definitions of the various aspects and embodiments of the invention as necessary. To this end, this detailed description first sets forth a computing environment in
Next, a summary of a computing platform that makes use of a hardware security module (HSM) is provided, in connection with
Exemplary Computing and Networked Environments
The computing system environment 100 in
The invention is operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the invention include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.
The invention may be implemented in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
With reference to
An HSM is not shown in
Computer 121 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 121 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by computer 121. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.
The system memory 103 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 104 and random access memory (RAM) 106. A basic input/output system 105 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 121, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 104. RAM 106 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 101. By way of example, and not limitation,
The computer 121 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only,
The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in
The computer 121 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 131. The remote computer 131 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 121, although only a memory storage device 132 has been illustrated in
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 121 is connected to the LAN 135 through a network interface or adapter 134. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 121 typically includes a modem 129 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 130, such as the Internet. The modem 129, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 102 via the user input interface 126, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 121, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation,
It should be understood that the various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the present invention, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device generally includes a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. One or more programs that may implement or utilize the processes described in connection with the invention, e.g., through the use of an API, reusable controls, or the like. Such programs are preferably implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations.
Although exemplary embodiments refer to utilizing the present invention in the context of one or more stand-alone computer systems, the invention is not so limited, but rather may be implemented in connection with any computing environment, such as a network or distributed computing environment. Still further, the present invention may be implemented in or across a plurality of processing chips or devices, and storage may similarly be effected across a plurality of devices. Such devices might include personal computers, network servers, handheld devices, supercomputers, or computers integrated into other systems such as automobiles and airplanes.
An exemplary networked computing environment is provided in
Distributed computing provides sharing of computer resources and services by exchange between computing devices and systems. These resources and services include the exchange of information, cache storage and disk storage for files. Distributed computing takes advantage of network connectivity, allowing clients to leverage their collective power to benefit the entire enterprise. In this regard, a variety of devices may have applications, objects or resources that may implicate the processes described herein.
This network 270 may itself comprise other computing entities that provide services to the system of
It can also be appreciated that an object, such as 275, may be hosted on another computing device 276. Thus, although the physical environment depicted may show the connected devices as computers, such illustration is merely exemplary and the physical environment may alternatively be depicted or described comprising various digital devices such as PDAs, televisions, MP3 players, etc., software objects such as interfaces, COM objects and the like.
There are a variety of systems, components, and network configurations that support distributed computing environments. For example, computing systems may be connected together by wired or wireless systems, by local networks or widely distributed networks. Currently, many networks are coupled to the Internet, which provides an infrastructure for widely distributed computing and encompasses many different networks. Any such infrastructures, whether coupled to the Internet or not, may be used in conjunction with the systems and methods provided.
A network infrastructure may enable a host of network topologies such as client/server, peer-to-peer, or hybrid architectures. The "client" is a member of a class or group that uses the services of another class or group to which it is not related. In computing, a client is a process, i.e., roughly a set of instructions or tasks, that requests a service provided by another program. The client process utilizes the requested service without having to "know" any working details about the other program or the service itself. In a client/server architecture, particularly a networked system, a client is usually a computer that accesses shared network resources provided by another computer, e.g., a server. In the example of
A server is typically, though not necessarily, a remote computer system accessible over a remote or local network, such as the Internet. The client process may be active in a first computer system, and the server process may be active in a second computer system, communicating with one another over a communications medium, thus providing distributed functionality and allowing multiple clients to take advantage of the information-gathering capabilities of the server. Any software objects may be distributed across multiple computing devices or objects.
Client(s) and server(s) communicate with one another utilizing the functionality provided by protocol layer(s). For example, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a common protocol that is used in conjunction with the World Wide Web (WWW), or "the Web." Typically, a computer network address such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address or other reference such as a Universal Resource Locator (URL) can be used to identify the server or client computers to each other. The network address can be referred to as a URL address. Communication can be provided over a communications medium, e.g., client(s) and server(s) may be coupled to one another via TCP/IP connection(s) for high-capacity communication.
In light of the diverse computing environments that may be built according to the general framework of
Exemplary TPM Secured Boot Sequence
Embodiments of the invention are directed to recovery and upgrade of secure boot processes. An exemplary computer architecture for implementing one type of secure boot process—namely, one using a TPM—is illustrated in
In this regard,
Secrets 302 may be sealed to the particular PCR values 304 in the TPM 301. To retrieve the secrets 302 from the TPM 301, correct PCR values must be entered into PCRs 303. These correct values may be obtained by measuring the same data that was measured to obtain PCR values 304 sealed in the TPM 301. Multiple secrets 302 may be sealed to a variety of PCRs 304. For example, to retrieve a first secret A, it may be required that a correct value be stored in PCR [1], PCR [2] and PCR [3]. To obtain a second secret B, a fourth correct value may be required in PCR [4].
If a measurement is placed in a PCR 303 that does not match a value for that measurement sealed in the TPM 301, then when the TPM 301 is requested to unseal a secret 302, the unseal will fail. If correct measurements are placed in PCRs 303, then the TPM 301 can be trusted to unseal secrets 302 when requested to do so. Therefore, a "correct" measurement, or correct value, for purposes of this application, is a measurement to which a secret 302 is sealed, and thereby permits unsealing of the secret 302 by the TPM 301. Note that a correct measurement could be, in some embodiments, a measurement of malicious code. This is the case, for example, when the initial measurements 304 sealed in the TPM 301 are corrupt. This scenario in which vulnerable or corrupt code is discovered in a boot process presents a strong case for the upgrade processes disclosed herein.
The secrets sealed to particular measurements may be any data. Typically, secrets 302 will take the form of decryption keys and/or Binary Large Objects (BLOBS). In general, a key provides information that can be used to decrypt data. A sealed BLOB may contain a key as well as other data that may be useful. In this regard, equivalents for various techniques discussed herein may be constructed by substituting keys for BLOBS and vice versa, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art. Thus, if a CPU 300 submits correct measurements to PCRs in 303, then when a corresponding secret 302 such as a key is requested, the TPM 301 can unseal the secret 302. The key from 302 may then be used to decrypt portions of memory 305 accessible by the CPU 300. In embodiments of the invention, a TPM 301 may be configured to grant access to three secrets, A, B, and C, as shown in
TPM related activity may be stored in a log 307. The log 307 may be maintained by the computer's BIOS in some embodiments. Any other process may also be responsible for maintaining a log 307. Thus, if data such as a software component 308 or other data 309 is measured into a PCR 303, the data that was measured may be identified in the log 307. If a secret unseal request is made, the request event may be identified in the log 307. These are but two examples of storing TPM related activity in a log 307, which may contain records for a wide range of other events and activities.
Typically, a TPM 301 operates in conjunction with a Static Root of Trust Measurement (SRTM) for performing trusted measurements and submitting them to a TPM 301. Embodiments of the invention may use an SRTM in this manner, and in this regard the SRTM may be a BIOS standard SRTM used by the various software components (also called processes and RTMs) discussed herein to measure initial disk based boot code. The system may also extend the SRTM to measure other code and critical data involved in the early stages of booting of an operating system so that any early stages of an operating system boot can be measured. Note that PCRs 303 may contain values obtained from anywhere. The values may be measurements of data such as software components 308 or other data 309. The invention is not limited to any exclusive combination of data measurements or other values that are placed in PCRs 303.
In a TPM secured boot process, the arrangement displayed in
Referring to
In some usage scenarios, the owner of a machine may determine that they wish to "lock" the configuration of the machine, ensuring no ROM-based code in addition to that previously validated is ever executed. In this case, the machine owner may configure more software components to be involved in the validation process (BIOS, option ROMs) by selecting additional PCRs 302 to be used. The owner may also determine they wish to additionally utilize a machine password that is validated by the TPM 301. This allows the security to be extended above what may be typically provided in standard embodiments of the invention, and allows a user to weigh machine security against ease of use.
An RTM can load a subsequent component into memory 500, and then perform a measurement on a subsequent component 501, and add the measurement to a PCR 502. If the RTM needs a secret, such as a key or a BLOB from the TPM 503, then it may request such secrets, and the TPM will release the requested secret(s) only if correct PCR values are loaded for all PCRs needed to access the secret. Thus, an attempt may be made to unseal a secret based on information retrieved from the TPM 504. If the unseal succeeds in step 505, additional steps may be taken, which may comprise loading a subsequent component, as well as other actions described below. If the unseal does not succeed, the values in the PCRs were likely incorrect and thus the executing code may be corrupt. An error may result in step 507 and appropriate measures can be taken to ensure that no access is provided to the sensitive information stored on the computer, for example, by using encryption of the data on the computer's disk and refraining from giving out the decryption key. Alternatively, processes for maintaining the system for example by restoring it to a state which will produce correct PCR values, or by authenticating a user to authorize new sealed PCR values—in values 302 from FIG. 3—may be implemented. Such processes are explained in detail below. If no secrets are needed in step 503, a subsequent component can be loaded without requesting any secrets, as shown.
The basic process of
Exemplary Systems and Methods for Repairing and Upgrading a Protected Boot Process
Embodiments of the invention may incorporate processes for diagnosing and repairing, as well as upgrading the data used in securely booting a computer. Such data may be software components or other data that is measured into PCRs, and which must, in a standard secure boot, be measured into appropriate PCRs to allow unsealing of a secret. Of course, any other data used in boot may also be repaired and/or upgraded.
A first observation for diagnosing problems in a boot process is that the process of unsealing a secret provides a means for determining if data measurements were correct or not. Referring to
With reference to
If no irregular boot was attempted, then a process may be undertaken to detect and repair the boot process. For diagnostics, it is possible to determine what failed by inspecting the logs created by the TCG compliant BIOS 602.
This information can then be used, in some embodiments, to diagnose the problem for more informative feedback when the error is accidental rather than intentional. If it is determined that the error was intentional, additional measures may be taken to prevent an attack on a system, including a block to the recovery process. In situations where the failure was accidental, however, recovery may proceed. Note that the protected boot process described above relies on self validation of the system by utilizing a TPM. In some embodiments, it is possible for such a system to appear invalid when it is actually still valid. These situations present a clear need for an adequate recovery mechanism.
Such a recovery mechanism can incorporate steps 603 and 604. First, the data identified in the logs that led to the erroneous PCR entry may be returned to a state that can be considered valid. Any number of techniques may be employed to implement such restoration, including the reload of a correct copy of such data from disk. Alternatively, log information may be used to diagnose why the TPM considered the measurement to be invalid. Any data that may have changed can be reverted back to its original state. Second, boot may be resumed from the point of error. Thus, if a software component measurement was invalid, the software component can be reloaded, and re-executed to begin the boot process from the point of error.
A number of mechanisms can be used to implement the user authentication techniques of
In exemplary embodiments, a user may be required to obtain authentication credentials by calling their IT department. The IT department can use their system of choice to validate the identity of the caller, and can read the caller a password. When the password is entered, a migration mechanism described below can be used to re-seal the secrets to new PCR values. In addition, such a system could use a password system that results in a password only being usable once, with the secrets resealed to a new password for any subsequent user authentication mechanism, requiring a new phone call (or other user action) should secrets again fail to unseal in the future.
Embodiments of the systems and methods for securely booting a computer may be configured to be upgraded if necessary. An exemplary system and method for performing boot component upgrades is illustrated in
Systems and methods for upgrading one or more boot components may make use of migration of sealed secrets 803 to temporary storage 804. This process may entail placement of appropriate values in PCRs 801 by an upgrade process 800 to unseal the secret(s) 803. The upgrade process 800 may then migrate the secrets 803 to temporary storage 804. The secrets 803 can remain in temporary storage 804 while a boot process is modified, which may result in new sealed PCR values 802 a corresponding to measurements of upgraded boot components 805. In many embodiments this need not require a reboot, as the PCR values 802 a are known at the current boot and need not change. However, if the code modules are changed, e.g. by replacing them with new component 800, a reboot will ensure that the new code modules are measured and appropriate new values are used in PCRs 802 a to reseal secrets 803.
Another method for upgrading one or more boot components may be used in a controlled environment of code modification. In this case, the expected PCR values due to the new code modifications is pre-determined, and the secrets can be sealed to the anticipated PCR values before the system is rebooted.
To ensure security of a migration process, a running system may perform the migrations described above according to one or more of following non-limiting list of options:
Yet another system for maintaining the secure boot process can provide multiple different keys that are created outside the TPM. Each such key can use the same RSA keying material but each key's usage may be bound to different PCR sets and/or passwords. Indeed, such additional keys may be bound to nothing at all. In such embodiments, Then we at least one BLOB may be associated with each disk volume (e.g. partition) that is not bound to anything at all. Each key may be used from a different boot component and ensure the privacy of the BLOB. The password gated key can be used for recovery and the RSA keying material can be escrowed.
While this approach differs only slightly from the secure boot processes described above, significant benefits become clear in maintenance and service: Due to the fact that the RSA keying material was generated outside the TPM and is identical in every key, this RSA material can now be used in a larger scale for multiple users such as employees in a division or of an entire organization. As a result, a master key can be created that allows opening and service for any machine in the organization. The keys are still protected by each TPM's SRK, so the keys can still be considered safe. In this embodiment, however, a central department such as an information technology (IT) department does not have to store one key per machine but rather one key per logical group. It also requires a little less storage space in the boot block to store the multiple keys over multiple BLOBs.
Finally, in the embodiments described above, an administrator can now push down policies and new RSA keys, so the keys are changed frequently on each machine. This will reduce costs in the maintenance of the feature.
Permanent Destruction of Access to Data Using Full Volume Encryption and Protected Boot
A byproduct of the secure boot processes described above is that full-volume encryption, i.e. the encryption of almost all the data in a partition, can be efficiently and effectively supported. This can trivialize the effort required to destroy secrets and thereby to destroy the critical information needed to access data on a computer. This effective destruction of data may be valuable in certain settings, in particular, where it is desired to dispose of sensitive data, and more particularly to dispose of such data quickly.
Elimination of the secrets required to operate computers that implement the invention can render such computers unusable without re-installation of software, and can permanently prevent access to data thereon. To accomplish this, the secrets stored inside of the TPM may be reset. This can be done by changing the ownership of the TPM. Any secrets sealed by the TPM are no longer valid. A secondary recovery mechanism must also be destroyed. In the short term however, until this mechanism is destroyed; when the recovery mechanism is kept off-site, it may provide for a way to temporarily disable a machine and then later recover the machine.
When both the secrets stored in the TPM and any recovery mechanism are changed, the content, both code and data, of a machine becomes unobtainable. This very quickly accomplishes a security wipe of a machine. One advantage of such efficient security wiping is that it makes re-sale of a machine to be more practical.
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|Shankar Raman
|Logging system events
|Jul 24, 2009
|Jan 27, 2011
|Microsoft Corporation
|Key Protectors Based On Public Keys
|May 17, 2011
|Nov 22, 2012
|Microsoft Corporation
|Policy bound key creation and re-wrap service
|Apr 15, 2013
|Oct 16, 2014
|Amazon Technologies, Inc
|Host recovery using a secure store
|Mar 5, 2014
|Feb 3, 2016
|Dynamically loaded measured environment for secure code launch
|U.S. Classification
|726/26, 726/16, 713/189, 713/1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 11, 2005
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON
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text:
This reflection is excerpted and adapted from "Running Away from
Phantoms," a Dhamma Talk offered by Ajahn Sucitto at Abhayagiri in
2007 ---
"What if I get it wrong?"
"What if it doesn't work?"
"What if I'm left here alone?"
Just look over the edge of that. Look over the edge of 'what if' and let your mind open up and realize that we've been running away from phantoms. Examine the attitudes you have, like 'What if I get it wrong?' You've been getting it wrong all your life — it's no big deal! Everybody's getting it wrong. Everybody's making mistakes. Everybody's losing it. Blundering. Not noticing. Not being respectful, polite, kind, talking too long, not saying enough... Everybody's getting it wrong. Why don't we just practice forgiveness instead and get out of this trap? You forgive me and I'll forgive you, okay?
And yes, everything is breaking down. But we can get through that, we can be bigger than that. We can be bigger than getting it right and getting it wrong. We can be bigger than success and failure. We can be bigger than praise and blame. We can be bigger than gaining and losing. What a relief to get out of the game. There's going to be some pain, and I might even cause pain. Maybe the way we can get out of it is being just a bit more relaxed, a bit more at ease, a bit more broad minded, a bit less concerned about being right, perfect, on time, prepared, defended and approved.
Just go down in your belly, relax, breathe out, open up and trust that as a human being you've got what it takes to be a human being. You can learn from that, and you can learn to not make a big deal out of it. You can learn to not get confused by it, not to expect miracles out of it. And then you can learn to let go of it, to come out of it. Come out of the agitation and self-consciousness that arises up in these forms. This is really important to learn, isn't it? This is noting esoteric, nothing high-minded. Just basic sanity. But the wonderful thing is that although it is very ordinary, it is also extremely profound, because it starts to dismantle all those reflexes that seem so ingrained and out of control; reflexes that grip us and push us around and make us flustered and say things we wish we hadn't said; reflexes that make us feel bad. Just start to dismantle all that stuff. Dismantle our hold on being something and proving something and getting somewhere and all that need. Until we can be, miraculously, right here, in a place that doesn't have a location. Because it doesn't have a location, we never leave it. Because we never leave it, we can't leave it. There's not that kind of grief and sadness, ups and downs, holding on and worry.
In the ongoing truthfulness of our practice, it is really important to sift through all the static and white noise that the emotions and psychologies are setting up — to really see, to get a handle on, what intention feels like in our nervous system. And the quality of attention — how big, or narrow, or tight we feel, how bound we feel when we're really occupied with a whole series of thoughts, how our attention bunches up — we start to sense this is, in the bodily sense; we get a real sense of the feel of this and the release of that. This is what we practice. This is the dissolving.
Dissolving involves the dissolving of one's controls, self-image, one's self-territories. So for that it's got to be a comfortable ride. And we can feel in the breathing in and breathing out, in good friendship and moral living, in the sense of 'It's okay. It's okay to be here.' That gives you the ability to trust the process, to trust the practice.


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Good Natural light throughout, high ceilings with sky lights, open floor plan, new hardwood floors and ornamental counters. Elegant stone and brick living room fireplace/kitchen Pleasant home for entertaining with expansive decks, comfy chase lounges and hot tub overlooking the Seascape Golf Course. This 2BD/2BA 1508 SF home was recently remodeled with a new kitchen, bathrooms, engineered hardwood floor and ornamental tile. Generous cabinets and creative space throughout. Elegant designer selected finishes throughout the home. Spacious easy access showers and outdoor access from most rooms. Laundry room has plenty of extra cupboard and creative space between the Kitchen and attached 2 car garage. This level landscaped 7971 SF lot is on Birdie Lane, a quiet cul de sac shared with only three homes off Belle Monte Ct. Rio del Mar has excellent weather and is gently sloped for pleasant outings close to beaches, shops and restaurants.
Listing courtesy of Jeannie Collins, Jeannie Collins, Broker


text: Viewing Man of the People - 4 of 4 Man of the People "People Like this" Documentary crew follow mayorial candidate Toby Morton out on the street as he connects with the people. wayfarer October 29, 2008 120 Views More Info Full Credits wayfarer Uploader Additional Credits Toby Morton, Alan Weinstein, Harold Lehman, Gary Waldinger. Produced by TinyGiant productions. Stats & Data 19Funny1Die 120 Views October 29, 2008 Published Category Politics Parody Real Life Tags Man of the People Out On The Street Alan Weinstein Election politics New York NYC Mayor City hall Man people wrong 2008 street rock Farrell Black Carlin Office Up Next: Man of the People Trailer AUTOPLAY Up Next In: 10 Man of the People Trailer Man of the People "Black Gold" Man of the People "Creating a broad campaign" Man of the People "People Like this" Follow Browse Related Comments Man of the People 4+ more View All ▶ 5+ more View All ▶ wayfarer Vaguely Related Videos Vaguely Related Pics & Words Advertisement Tags: Man of the People Out On The Street Alan Weinstein Election politics Advertisement


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Dr. Kelli Tapley MD Patient Reviews
- Pediatrics Birmingham, AL
Overall Rating
15 Patient Reviews
- Friendly Staff
- Promptness
- Wait Time 25.6 minutes
- Appropriate Followup
- Spends Time With Patients
- Bedside Manner
- Fair and Accurate Diagnosis
- Easy Appointments
Showing 1 - 12 reviews
5.0 of 5
June 27th, 2015
Awesome doc
Our children have been seeing Dr. T since she was at Growing Up Pediatrics. They are now 8 and 5, the same age as her children. We may know as much or more about her girls as we do about our nieces! She diagnosed a rare heart problem in my son and arranged to have him seen by cardiology quickly. After reading the review I just wanted everyone to know that she is a great doctor. Very compassionate. Their office is extremely busy and yet she still finds time to spend with us and knows our family very well, even remembers little details like that my daughter loves to paint. She's like a family member. There are some times when she can't spend 30 minutes with us but we understand that part of the reason we love her is that even though she is busy, especially in the winter, she tries really hard not to make everyone wait a long time.
5.0 of 5
June 19th, 2014
5.0 of 5
July 19th, 2013
The best in town!
We started using Dr. Tapley 2 and half years ago whe our pediatrician moved to Georgia and Dr.tapley replaced him. I honestly thought we could never love a pediatrician as much has we had our precious one but I was completely wrong. I have three sons and she takes the time every visit to listen to my concerns and is so sweet to the boys. My middle son suffers from asthma, his attacks come on quickly and she is always overly cautious with him and goes above and beyond to give him the bet care when he has these attacks. He ended up in the hospital in October. Dr. Tapley found out (we were admitted on a a weekend) and was immediately contacting me to check on him. Our family is so blessed by her!
1.0 of 5
February 25th, 2013
Ok. Staff needs major improvement.
At first, Dr. Tapley was great: held our baby, spent a considerable amount of time with us, answered every question thoroughly. We were beyond satisfied. Every subsequent visit, however, resulted in a decline in every aspect. Wait time increased, the nurses had an attitude toward our baby (and others), and toward us, but what really got to us was Dr. Tapley. I'm not sure if this was just with us, but actual contact with the baby became limited (check heart and ears), doesn't really listen to our description of our child, and makes generic "she's so cute" comments that seem like an obvious attempt at filling a silent moment. In summary: our impression is that our child is not seen as an individual, but as a "generic" child, either meeting or not meeting milestones, just the minimum information necessary to check a box on a form.
5.0 of 5
July 27th, 2012
First Visit
My daughter had her 1st visit after being with another practice for 3 years. She is a WONDERFUL Dr. who checked into all my concerns & spent almost 45 mins with us. She agreed with my thoughts while her old Dr pushed them aside & told me they knew best because they were the Dr's not me. I believe we have found a perminate physician.
5.0 of 5
June 22nd, 2017
5.0 of 5
February 6th, 2017
5.0 of 5
May 10th, 2016
5.0 of 5
April 6th, 2016
5.0 of 5
January 15th, 2016
5.0 of 5
August 5th, 2015
3.0 of 5
June 4th, 2015
Health Guides
More than 22 million Americans of all ages have asthma. Prepare to talk to your doctor about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options.
Nearby Doctors
Dr. Kelli Tapley, MD is similar to these 3 Doctors near Birmingham, AL.
Birmingham, AL
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text:
Hollywood Undead, 'Notes From the Underground' Webisode 1 – Exclusive Premiere
Hollywood Undead have finished their third album, 'Notes From the Underground,' and have revealed that the disc will be arriving in January. In the lead-up to the new album, the group will be teasing the effort with a series of webisodes. Loudwire is proud to exclusively bring you the first webisode in the series.


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Question: Describe what is meant by ethical behavior
Describe what is meant by ethical behavior.
View Solution:
View Solution:
Answer to relevant QuestionsWhat are the basic requirements of an effective financial system? We are faced with ethics decisions involving money almost every day. For example, we all probably have seen money in the form of coin or currency lying on the ground or floor somewhere. We also may have at some time ...Assume that the real output (RO) for a country is expected to be 2.4 million products. a. If the price level (PL) is $250 per product, what will be the amount of the gross national product (GDP)? b. Now assume that the GDP ...Identify economic units in addition to business firms who might need funds from savers. Briefly describe the monetarists' view of the relationship between money supply and economic activity.
Post your question


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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the website.
This step is noncompulsory but will drastically boost your chances of getting interest from other Christian members on the site. Write a few sentences about yourself, your pasttimes and upload your best photo.
Utilise our website's state-of-the-art search to encounter members who satisfy your needs. Or just browse through listings of Christian singles and encounter singles that you find attractive.
Discovered someone who ticks all the boxes? Send an email to them or just a wink and see if anything happens. With a little luck you'll be on your way to a once in a lifetime experience.
It only takes a few clicks


text:
2018 NEA National Leadership Summit
Uniting Our Members and the Nation
2018 NEA National Leadership Summit
March 16-18, 2018
Hyatt Regency Chicago
151 East Wacker Drive
Chicago, IL 60601
2017 NLS Plenary Sessions – Videos on Demand
- Opening Session w/ NEA President Lily Eskelsen-Garcia
NEA President Lily Eskelsen-Garcia's kickoff remarks during the Opening General Session on Friday, February 24, 2017. Also, joined by NEA's leaders and Cindy Atlee from The Storybranding Group presenting on Narrative Intelligence.
- Saturday General Session w/ NEA Vice President Becky Pringle
NEA Vice President Rebecca "Becky" Pringle and Beth Applegate serve as moderators on a panel of local students discussing what students need to be successful. Also, joined by Cliff Kayser presenting on Polarity Thinking and Keron Blair on Alliance to Reclaim Our Schools during the Racial Justice in Education General Session on Saturday, February 25, 2017.
- Closing General Session w/ NEA Secretary-Treasurer Princess Moss
NEA Secretary-Treasurer Princess Moss delivers closing remarks on Sunday, February 26, 2017.
Check out highlights from the 2017 NLS:
Download Leadership Summit session files
Interested in attending the 2018 NEA National Leadership Summit on March 16-18, 2018 in Chicago, Illinois?
The Summit is open to all NEA members! To participate, you can:
- Fund yourself
- Contact your local affiliate
- Contact your state affiliate for additional information on scholarship opportunities
If you have any additional questions, or would like to subscribe to our Summit mailing list, please send an email to email@example.com .
Refer back to this website for Summit updates coming soon!
Proposal Submission Deadline: TBD.
Presenters will be notified of selection by TBD.
Find additional information about NEA's Leadership Competencies here.
Leadership Summit Mission Statement
Purpose of the National Leadership Summit:
To develop activist leaders and prepare them with the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to lead a relevant and thriving association. Activist leaders are from all segments of the association that demonstrate, through action, a deep commitment to the goals, values, and vision of the NEA.
Summit Objectives:
To deliver annually a unified, strategic, and interdisciplinary approach to leadership development that reinforces and supports key leadership competencies in six strategic areas. The leadership summits are one vehicle to support the institutionalization of a competency-based and continuous learning system designed to develop the next generation of leaders and Activist Leaders.
Explore NEA's
National Leadership Competencies
(PDF, 114 MB, 20 pgs.)
NEA edCommunities is a place where teachers, parents, school support professionals, and community members share ideas and resources to improve student success. It is free and open to all!


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About: Epsom Hospital Epsom Hospital Epsom KT18 7EG
Posted by Anonymous
I rang EGH the other day and after about a minute the phone was answered by, I think, "...General"... I asked if i was through to Epsom Hospital and the voice replied "Yea , its the switchboard!" I asked to be put through to A and E...silence...click...and I was through!...Personal communication skills nil! What can I say ! Retired SCBU staff nurse EGH
Response from Epsom Hospital 3 years ago
Thanks for submitting your comments to us, which we will pass on to our switchboard team. We're sorry that was your experience.
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text:
NAV, Sunroof, Heated Seats, Satellite Radio, iPod/MP3 Input, Onboard Communications System, [J01] PANORAMIC MOONROOF, [U02] SPORT NAVIGATION PACKAGE, Premium Sound System. Sport trim, BLACK OBSIDIAN exterior and Gallery White interior. FUEL EFFICIENT 33 MPG Hwy/24 MPG City! Click now!KEY FEATURES INCLUDEBack-Up Camera, Turbocharged, Premium Sound System, Satellite Radio, iPod/MP3 Input, Onboard Communications System, Aluminum Wheels, Keyless Start, Dual Zone A/C. Rear Spoiler, MP3 Player, Keyless Entry, Steering Wheel Controls, Child Safety Locks.OPTION PACKAGESSPORT LEATHER PACKAGE Footwell Lamps, Nappa Leather & Stitched Dash Insert, Heated Seats, Front Passenger Seat Storage, Black Dinamica Headliner & A-Pillar, ILLUMINATED KICK PLATES, SPORT NAVIGATION PACKAGE 7 single screen, Infiniti InTouch Navigation System, Infiniti InTouch services (remote services unavailable) w/6 months of safety, security and convenience features, Color Center Meter Display, PANORAMIC MOONROOF power sunshade. INFINITI Sport with BLACK OBSIDIAN exterior and Gallery White interior features a 4 Cylinder Engine with 208 HP at 5500 RPM*.EXPERTS explains We really like the QX30's cabin. The upscale materials are as good as, if not better than, those of competitive luxury crossover SUVs in this segment. Its artistic arrangement is clean enough to have lasting appeal..MORE ABOUT USLocally owned and operated for over 40 years in Jackson, MS. Herrin-Gear Automotive Family is proud to be Mississippi's #1 Volume BMW, Chevrolet, INFINITI, Lexus and Toyota Dealerships.Horsepower calculations based on trim engine configuration. Fuel economy calculations based on original manufacturer data for trim engine configuration. Please confirm the accuracy of the included equipment by calling us prior to purchase.
Price may exclude tax, title, tags, governmental fees, any emissions testing charges and any finance charges (if applicable). Unless otherwise stated separately in the vehicle details, price does not include documentation, processing, administrative, closing or similar fees. Current mileage may vary due to test drives and vehicle relocation.


text:
Bicycling Guide
The Bicycling Guide was created for new students at the Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) to offer safer commuting routes and educate them on important biking tips. I also created an app, which is a treasure hunt for students to become acclimated to the city on their bikes. In order to finish the treasure hunt students must complete various tasks, such as registering their bikes and buying a helmet. In addition to its educational aspects students also learn the best spots to get a slice of pizza or grab a cup of coffee.
Thank You!


text:
Baymax Plush - Big Hero 6 - Medium - 15''
Cuddly cure-all
Cuddle-up to our soft stuffed Baymax for compassionate care and comfort throughout the daily adventure of life. The big plush robot from Big Hero 6 is sure to cure the blues! See more
It's added to your bag!
Not eligible for in-store reservation.
Medium Plush $16 Each When You Buy 2 or More
See Details
Magic in the details...
- Soft plush sculpturing
- Embroidered features
- Metallic thread accents
- Part of our Big Hero 6 Plush Collection, each sold separately
The bare necessities
- Polyester
- Imported
Most items ordered via Standard Delivery will arrive within 5-7 business days, personalized items within 9-11 business days. Exceptions include items shipped from locations other than our main warehouse. Express Delivery is available for an extra charge.


text:
Gosh I've been debating this with myself since I read the chapter: what quirky title can I come up with this time? Last time was a serious review, I think I'll lighten up and pursue something a bit different today...first off, my title options I had until I decided on the current..oh wait, Unbeatable Banzuke is on...gotta watch it and then I'll return! Okay Commercial break, I swear that Unbeatable Banzuke is one of old Aizen's (as I now refer to him) hypnosis techniques...sure Banzai 90 is easy enough but that Super Rider III is a killer!
MY APOLOGIES FOR BEING OFFTOPIC! Uhh, let's see here...
"Your Butterflaizen is evolving! Wait...again?!"
"He's Frieza now but in the wrong order!"
"Hey, now he has 6 extra mouths to yap on with..."
"Is that the thing from Resident Evil 2?! Aizen = Birkin?!"
"...another Transformation??? What next, your mom?" < - Might be too offensive
"Hogyoku = G-Virus...his final evolution will be a blob!"
"Aizen's new transformation is Hentai-ready!"
"The Transgender God Complex"
and finally...
"Great, now I've got to find out who called 'another transformation'.."
Hello one, Hello All. TVthePunisher here from his bedroom in the darkness! I'm bringing you the action news RIGHT NOW! So what do we have here today, split personality #2?
SP2: Well TV, I'd say we're looking at YET another transformation for Sir Aizen the Haxxer. After an endearing slash from Kurosaki Ichigo-
SP2: S-sorry! I meant after an endearing slash from ICHIGO Kurosaki, Aizen was shown to actually be visually injured for the first time in a while. Blood mind you! But suddenly, Aizen showed us yet again that his Butterflaizen form has given him emotions as he clearly turned racist against humans out here! Then that so called Teardrop we've been looking at since Aizenfly evolved into Butterflaizen actually turned out to be an...eyeball? It was quite a sight to behold...LOL AT THE PUN!
TV: Shut it.
SP2: Uhh...anyhoo, after what appears to be a violent transformation...Butterflaizen evolved yet again into what my Pokedex is reading as a HollowflAizen. Yes, that's right...he has hit the 4th Evolutionary stage of Pokemon! Might I say it has a very interesting appearance...his face is now reminiscent of Hollow Ichigo's face in his transformed state, but more of a black mask with Harribel eyelashes and of course that third eye. Ontop of that it appears that Aizen's face has ACTUALLY split down the middle and if you observe closely in the detailed image report (Manga for you regular people)...the sides of his face can be seen next to the mask. Is this Aizen's TRUE face hidden beneath the smexiness then I'd say ladies don't want that shocker in bed. Regardless of that fact, he now dones what appears to be...giant eyeballs on his wings, count them 6 Hollow-mask heads attached to tentacles and multiple tails spewing from the back of his body (or they could be attached to the wings themselves).
TV: Wow...the image I'm looking at reminds me of a cooler looking version of William Birkin's 3rd transformation that resembled a demonic Archangel...
SP1: Whooooie, that sur is one ugly mofo!
TV: Go away. Now, back to SP2 on the scene:
SP2: Thank you TV. Well it appears that HollowflAizen is not completely in control of the Hogyoku as he so thought...it appears to be transforming his body on it's own accord now, much like the G-Virus in Resident Evil 2 did to Birkin. Yes these Resident Evil references are only involved to illustrate my claim...regardless, he also is following the Frieza route at a more...disturbing level. Frieza started out a Midget (Aizen's original form), then went Giant in his 2nd form which would equal Aizen's Butterflaizen form. Then Frieza entered a monsterous 3rd form, which is what Aizen is currently in...and his final form (minus the 100% which is basically beefed up Frieza) was the most calm, perfect looking...much like Aizen's second form after Chrysalis. As you can see it's in a very awkard order...but has the same principles to a degree.
Now, the powers and abilities of this new form obviously amount to what appears to be RATHER powerful ceros that even synged Ichigo's left arm as well as cause massive destruction in one hit to the surrounding area. Aizen believing he had the upperhand, litterly used said hand to grab Ichigo by the throat and create what appears to be a Cero Halo around Ichigo. My only assumption is that this Cero Halo would multiple the damage of one Cero by 6 and be centered soley in the area around Ichigo, thus crushing him in a powerful attack. Of course, this is thrwarted as Aizen continues his boasting that he will kill Ichigo and that he apparently is of no use to him anymore. Ichigo cuts himself free, degrades Aizen once more like he did in the last chapter and prepares to use the Final Getsuga Tensho.
TV: At Last, the FGT. Cue Huenco Mundo?
SP2: I hope not...but regardless, that's the jist of it. This is Split Personality 2 signing out.
TV: Thank you SP2, now to Olly Williams with the Bleach Forecast, Olly?
Olly: ICHIGOGONNAKILLAIZEN
TV: Thank you Olly. And finally, to SP3 with mention to other blog posts!
SP3: Hmph...yes, as you all know CJett92 created a blog post about which Deicide Chapter would be the last. Everyone so far has placed their numbers and sadly, one of them has lost already. I must regret to say that user Me, Who Else?'s prediction for Deicide ending on 20 was laid to rest today with the release of Deicide 21: The Transcendent God Rock. You will be remembered and of course you get your mention in today's special. Better luck next time, when we hit another 20+ chapter-name streak (most likely the next Turn Back the Pendelum Arc).
Next up is UsoppSpel claiming this to be the last Deicide. Will he win or lose? That is the question. Good luck UsoppSpel and this is SP3 signing out.
TV: Thank you SP3. Well there you have it folks, the end of our first Broadcast in this format and hopefully we can continue doing it like this for awhile (provided it hits =P). Goodnight everyone, this is TVthePunisher with Blog Posts COMING AT YOU!
So yeah...there we go! I'm trying to settle with a proper format for how I'll write these things, hopefully this one gets a bit of attention ;>_> I'm no whore for it, but ya know...that's what ya get when you let your heart win...whooo-ooo-oh...nevermind.
Final Notes - In a seperate section, I'll break off at the end of the report to tell you my thoughts in general. I liked this chapter, I really did. I think Aizen's transformations constantly happening are a bit...iffy, but this form is actually kind of cool. Though it appears that the FGT will end Aizen once and for all...I'm hoping one of two things happen:
1.) Aizen reverts back to his Shinigami state because the Hogyoku is destroyed, thus leading to a showdown between Shinigamis.
2.) The Hogyoku reacts violently, Aizen dies off and the Hogyoku becomes the new Antagonist.
If this device truly has a will of its own, then I doubt that this is the end of it. It's been a crucial element since the start of the series...a prime focus, even if Aizen perishes it will still be around (or maybe not). Whether or not it uses someone else or becomes its own being is up to debate at this point...
I predict for next chapter that FGT will be used and Aizen either reaches death or has something else occur. If it's another transformation, I'm going to be kind of ticked off.
Comments are welcome folks, I love it when you say stuff! =D


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Prelude to Power(2010)
(The first book in the Alastair Campbell Diaries series)
A non fiction book by Alastair Campbell
As Alastair Campbell said in the introduction to "The Blair Years", it was always his intention to publish the full version, covering his time as spokesman and chief strategist to Tony Blair. "Prelude to Power" is the first of four volumes, and covers the early days of New Labour, culminating in their victory at the polls in 1997. Volume 1 details the extraordinary tensions between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown as they resolved the question as to which one should stand to become Labour leader. It shows that right from the start, relations at the top were prone to enormous strain, suspicions and accusations of betrayal. Yet it also shows the political and personal bonds that tied them together, and which made them one of the most feared and respected electoral machines anywhere in the world. A story of politics in the raw, "Prelude to Power" is above all an intimate, detailed portrait of the people who have done so much to shape modern history.
Similar Books by other authors...
Used availability for Alastair Campbell's Prelude to Power
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Hardback Editions
June 2010 : UK Hardback
|Title: The Alastair Campbell Diaries, Vol. 1: Prelude to Power 1994-1997
Author(s): Alastair Campbell
ISBN: 0-09-179726-8 / 978-0-09-179726-3 (UK edition)
Publisher: Hutchinson
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
Paperback Editions
January 2011 : UK Paperback
|Title: Diaries Volume One: Prelude to Power: 1
Author(s): Alastair Campbell
ISBN: 0-09-949345-4 / 978-0-09-949345-7 (UK edition)
Publisher: Arrow
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
June 2010 : UK Paperback
|Title: Diaries Volume One: Prelude to Power: 1
Author(s): Alastair Campbell
ISBN: 0-09-193702-7 / 978-0-09-193702-7 (UK edition)
Publisher: Hutchinson
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
Kindle Editions
July 2010 : USA, Canada, UK Kindle edition
|Title: Diaries Volume One: Prelude to Power (The Alastair Campbell Diaries Book 1)
Author(s): Alastair Campbell
Publisher: Cornerstone Digital
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
Genre Pages