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I have the right to know
One of the problems inherited by Ukraine after the disintegration of the USSR is state structures closed for public scrutiny and general inaccessibility of official information. The international agreements, which were signed by Ukraine, shall be printed and distributed in Ukraine. Nonetheless, many such texts are unknown to Ukrainian citizens, because they are unavailable. The law on information obliges state organs to give information about their activities, but actually it can be obtained rather infrequently. For instance, I many times turned to the Sebastopol directorate of the Ministry of Interior, sending requests about the number of militiamen sacked during the year for corruption, about the number of applying firearms and special devices, and the consequences of such applications. I never got an answer.
The timely information about a technogenic catastrophe, elemental calamity and other emergencies may save lives of many people. On the contrary, the concealment of such information results in the growth of victims. We have come across with the bitter experience of this kind in Chernobyl.
The process of the approval of resolutions by the top state officials is absolutely unknown to a man in the street. Only in February 1999 the President of Ukraine issued ten edicts classified as 'not for print. This means that citizens of Ukraine may know only the numbers of these edicts: 204/99, 183/99, 184/99, 185/99, 166/99, 167/99, 168/99, 169/99, 170/99, 131/99. What is hidden behind these figures, what has the President decided on our behalf and behind our backs is unknown, as well as the reason for so active issuing unprintable edicts.
Instead of answering the requests and rendering information about their activities, as it is stipulated by the Ukrainian laws 'On information and 'On complaints of citizens, the state organs chose another way — they created special departments (press-centres, information cervices, PR departments), which provide only such information, which is worth rendering according in the opinion of the corresponding chiefs. These scraps of information are intended as an advertisement of the activities of the state organs, but they do not enable tax payers to learn what is done by the authorities for the tax payers money.
Such actions of the authorities cause estrangement between power bodies and citizens, which is a typical feature of an undemocratic society. That is why many countries (now their number is 20) adopt special laws about the access to information. Next autumn the draft of the law 'On the access to information will be considered by the state Duma of Russia. This draft was adopted in the first reading and later essentially amended and detailed by the authors: Aleksey Simonov, the president of the foundation of protecting glasnost, Viktor Monakhov, a member of the chamber in charge of information conflicts at the Presidents administration, Iosif Dzialoshinski, the president of the human rights protection organization 'Commission on free access to information, and Yuri Nesterov, a deputy of the Duma.
This amended draft stipulates that the right for requesting information belongs not only to citizens of Russia, but to foreigners as well. The state bodies are obliged to answer a written request within a month.
Another feature of this draft is that nobody has the right to restrict the access to information about laws and other legal acts which are permitted for publication, as well as about emergencies, the size of the gold reserve and hard currency reserve of the country, about privileges, indemnities, health of the top officials, about facts of abusing human rights and freedoms, etc.
The draft lists the punishments for the violation of the right of access to information. These punishments contain criminal, administrative and civil punishments. By the way, the Penal Code of Russia contains the responsibility 'for the refusal in rendering information to a citizen (Article 40).
Thus, it is quite possible that the list of the countries, where the laws guarantee the access to information, which includes Austria, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, the USA, etc., will be enriched by Russia in the near future. And what about our legislators?
PL commentary.
In our opinion the inadequate situation with the access to information in Ukraine is not due to the lack of laws. If one examines attentively the Ukrainian law 'On information, he will see that the law permits the access to the official information. The trouble is that this law (with many others, including the Constitution) is steadily violated by the President and by the executive power. The obstacles on the way of obtaining information, which R.Romanov justly describes, has the form of a vertical of press services from that in the Presidents administration down to press-services of Ministries, agencies and so on. This construction measures out tiny doses of information. This is the invention of the Ukrainian bureaucracy, which reduced to zero the law 'On information, thus violating the Constitution, according to which the restriction of the access to information may be introduced by law only. This situation will be intact until the Ukrainian society bears it, and no new laws will help. To change this situation, in our opinion, is possible only through the analysis of sublegal acts, issued by various agencies. The results of such analysis must be made public, and their anti-Constitutional character must be proved in court.


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Used 2011 Mitsubishi Sedan Values
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Japanese car maker Mitsubishi was founded in 1970 and produces a wide range of popular sports cars, sedans and crossovers in addition to its pickup trucks. Mitsubishi has gained a strong following in the sports car market thanks to its innovative and stylish options available to consumers. See all Mistubishi prices below or browse Mitsubishi deals.
Select a used 2011 Mitsubishi Sedan model
(2018 - 1983 including exotics and classic cars)
2011 Mitsubishi Galant
An entry-level sedan, the 2011 Galant provides a practical sedan at an affordable price.
2011 Mitsubishi Lancer
A five passenger vehicle available in various trims, the 2011 Lancer comes in a wide range of options, making it an all around attractive package.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Carmel second-graders take USSFA Basketball Championship. by Current in Carmel · March 4, 2013 From left and back, coach Rod Reinhart, coach Matt Orme, Clay Richards, Cam Carmichael, Sam Orme, Beau Willman, Charlie Hall, Lucas Parker, Logan Reinhart and Lucas Reisinger. (Submitted photo) Last week, a team of Carmel second-graders won the 2013 USSFA Indiana State Basketball Championship. The students defeated Center Grove 30 to 18 in the finals. Share


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The Japanese government said it is willing to provide a drug developed in its laboratories to treat Influenza.
Google translation from:
Favipiravir called (or "T-705") and marketed under the name Avigan, it could be offered to patients in accordance with the manufacturer, Toyama Chemical.
Compared to the experimental treatment ZMapp, the T-705 has the advantage of having been approved in Japan in March as qu'antiviral against influenza.
It is currently undergoing clinical testing in the United States.
Experts say his administration as tablets may facilitate treatment in areas with limited medical facilities.
Japanese authorities want to make available to patients in countries affected by Ebola country
The secretary general of the Japanese government Yoshihide Suga said that Tokyo is "willing to deliver the drug in cooperation with the manufacturer if the World Health Organization (WHO) so requests"
There is currently no vaccine or antiviral approved against the Ebola virus, which is among the most contagious and deadly in humans which can cause death within a few days.
The ZMapp has cured two American doctors, but a Spanish priest who had benefited died.
The World Health Organization has approved mid-August the use of unapproved treatments.


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You must register to post or download hacks.
If you are having any issues, shoot us an email, Contact MPGH Support.
As always, have fun and enjoy your stay!
- MPGH Staff
Hey all, I'm Cundatch. IRL friends with Vertice
Jim (07-02-2014)
Welcome there man
The Only Bests :
Aeroman (Brent)
TheCamels8 (Ori)


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login with
Easter Egg Dyeing Tips?!
Hey Crafty mama's... I remember there being a trick to getting uber bright egg colors.. I know more vinegar is better.. but I feel like there was another trick.. lemon juice? Coconut oil? (that's actually a joke.. cause I am obsessed with coconut oil and use it for everything)..
Moms also like
About Jessica
Born: Novato, California
Current: Sherman Oaks, California
Birth: May 28
On Moms.com since: Aug 5, 2013
We live in Los Angeles, CA. I'm a writer, comedian, actor and single mom of two. Parenting is hard. I try to keep a sense of humor about it all and find the find the funny... in what is most likely NOT funny (i.e. boogers, meltdowns, homework, etc.).


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Enjoy this dream of some Heliopolitans who formed the Heliopolis Heritage Initiative after the success of Dr. Amr Hamzawy in the Parliamentary elections, trying to protect our Cultural, Architectural and Human Heritage in Heliopolis, bringing back the quality of life we had in the past in this district we all love and share collective memories in, and prove through this Model in Heliopolis that we can do it all over Egypt.
Who ever want to know more about Heliopolis Heritage Initiative or want to help, or engage with the teams already working, please visit our facebook Page مبادرة تراث مصر الجديدة or Heliopolis heritage Initiative on:
If we work hard all together toward this dream, we will reach it:)
Also we want to thank Miss Mahy Mourad and Mr. Karim Riad who helped in this movie creation and were not included in the credits. Thank you


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Dance Studio in San Mateo
Our San Mateo dance studio is open to the public. Classes run 7 days per week. Age ranges from 18 months to 5 years. Music & Movement, Dance & Performance, and Brazilian Drum & Song classes are available. FREE TRIAL FOR NEW STUDENTS
On-site Extra Curricular Program
Can't come to our studio? Check with your preschool Director if our award winning classes are taught at your school. Over the past ten years Small Fry Dance Club has worked with over 25 Bay Area Preschools and Day Care Centers.
Have an Older Dancer?
If your dancer is 5 years of age or older they may be ready for a new challenge. We created Principal Creative & Performing Arts as the next step in your child's dance education. Pick from ballet, tap, jazz, hip hop, and lots more!
Small Fry Dance Club prides itself on offering age appropriate classes to preschool age students. We have our own proprietary curriculum developed by our own staff over the past 10 years. Unlike most dance schools, our preschool classes are taught by teachers with dance degrees and early childhood education backgrounds. This allows us to better prepare your dancer when they move up to Principal Creative & Performing Arts.
MUSIC & MOVEMENT: 18 Months to 2 Years
DANCE & PERFORMANCE: 2-4 Years
DANCE & PERFORMANCE: 3-5 Years
BRAZILIAN DRUM & SONG: 2-4 Years (Separate Program)
Starting with our 2-4 year old classes, all dancers will have the option of participating in our bi-annual shows. These shows typically take place in June/Dec.
Each performance focuses on the style we have been working on in classes for the previous 6 months. Styles covered in D&P classes are ballet, tap, jazz, and then either hip hop, or musical theatre.
Our shows are unique and specially suited for the preschool age dancer. No sitting through a 2 hour recital for 2 mins of stage time. We have made them age appropriate and fun for the whole family. They are a great way to get your dancer experience on stage and in front of an audience.
1528 S. El Camino Real
Suite 208 (2nd floor)
San Mateo, CA 94402
We encourage everyone to follow us on social media. We will post the latest news and updates regarding classes, as well as pictures and videos from classes and performances. It's also a great way for you to share with us! We love to hear from all our fans.


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This doesn't seem right.....
How could our recruiter be lower on the list..... SHOULD be higher with all the boards they are subscribed to.
#1 is someone that has not worked at the company in almost 3 years. Address has been killed long ago and goes nowhere. WTH.... Thank you spamers
#2 is Executive Assistant. This one kinda makes sense for all the crap she does.
#3 is a Regional that has been here for ages.
#4 is our VP of Sales and Marketing. I understand why he is in the list....
197 seems low for a recruiter.
This is not a question, just a discussion/rant.
12 Replies
Feb 21, 2012 at 9:03 UTC
Brand Representative for Contronex - G Data Distributor
Maybe the recruiter is smart about where they put out their email address? Though it would surprise me lol
Feb 21, 2012 at 10:09 UTC
Brand Representative for Secure Email Plus
We had stopped offering dial-up back in 2001 and we still see spam from those accounts. Some spammer lists just don't die as they keep moving their way around the spammers circles. Since most spammers spoof the domains, using SPF filtering, helps against these unauthorized messages.
Feb 21, 2012 at 11:47 UTC
We are using SPF
Feb 21, 2012 at 2:04 UTC
Brand Representative for Secure Email Plus
Then the senders have a published SPF, that are sending this account email, are passing the SPF settings you have set. Not much you can do about that.
Feb 22, 2012 at 8:14 UTC
old addresses win. every now and again there's a big harvest and cleanup operation on the email addresses used for spamming. but what what Ive seen sitting more on the sidelines of antispam for the last couple of years, there's been no big cleanup for at least 3-4 years. (you can detect the cleanup on larger systems but lots of invalid addresses disappearing from the recipient lists.
Feb 23, 2012 at 4:08 UTC
As long as we're ranting....
I'm not happy with this ratio. No matter how many times I've said to not use your work e-mail address to "sign up" for stuff, they still do....
Feb 24, 2012 at 2:26 UTC
spam at 69% - hey thats not bad, mines more like 98%!
Feb 24, 2012 at 9:10 UTC
Well, it used to be in the 80's and 90's, but I've been on a mission to add stuff to the blacklist. I've also been reporting the bigger offenders on a regular basis. Plus, since we went with Securence, my users now have direct access to their spam and their own whitelists and blacklists. That alone is worth the $1/month/user, because I used to get tickets to check spam at least once a day when we had GFI. I'm way more expensive. :p
Feb 24, 2012 at 9:20 UTC
that 98% is crap I'm blocking at the filter, alot of it's gets binned fairly quickly (smtp delay, greylist, smtp syntax, or valid recipient checks) so the 'hard' bit of the content inspection is more or less just ticking over..
Feb 28, 2012 at 3:42 UTC
Have you ever done an Email Exposure Check? I get them monthly from knowbe4, I think you can get one for free from them. It shows what email addresses are out there on the internet for the spammers to find. Amazing to see what it really picks up. The most spam I get as well are for accounts that are no longer with the company and go nowhere as well.
Mar 26, 2012 at 3:07 UTC
My server build auto report, if there is an spam mail, but what is spam? Lot of spam are under 3spam points ... and in this country many company build spam as personal letter. What is different, an autoservice send an bulk letter to all know mail address and an autoservice send reply to your user (user speak width phone before). Nothing. But if you filter, it can to be problem for user.
In this month I update my gateway to postfix. Then I setup "always BCC" option and I create a script, what is save all header into sql. I don't want to see the peoples mail-s just tech information ... so, when the mail arrive into bcc postbox, then I check width spamassassin custom config. Now I use mysql to build stat width potential spam host and I start "to forget spam hits".
If you have ex-user, you can see from database stat if there are lot of spam ... and you don't need to read his letter, but you can see + auto-scripting source IP addresses.
Mar 26, 2012 at 4:13 UTC
In this country (Hungary), the spam are very-very critical things. We have "poor wall", but you can't to create report to police, becouse un-intrested. Why?
You must understand some economy-thing: The sms-spam are the favorit and the biggest bussiness. If some people register to the SMS site, then 28% of money go to tax. Then the 23% of the Netto price go to local city. You cant request SMS number, just via mobile provider (In this country are 3 provider). IF you send abuse@ report to that provider, then nothing happend. The provider have sale peoples ... and if you kick-out the biggest customer, then the salesman don't have money. What can you do? If the provider hungarian you can upload here, but this is all, what the sysadmin can to do.
Go to police? This is bad idea. Why?
---original text---
(...) Aggályos, hogy a sikertelen rendőrségi razzia azután történt, hogy az úgynevezett warezspamben Kovács nevében rendőrségi kapcsolatokra hivatkoztak.
"- nem foglalják le a szervert (apám rendőrségnél fejes - legfeljebb mi foglalunk le máshol)"
---google translate---
Concerned that the failure occurred after the police raid, the police called on behalf warezspamben Kovács relied on relationships.
"- do not take down the server (my father's police head - no more than what we make it elsewhere)"
---full message---
Anno I was the creator of an report and summary system. We use it for hosting room (ISP), and hungarian schoolnet. My servers task was to create summary of bad machines. The biggest momment was that, when we can present: the biggest hungarian telecom support was partner in spamming (in fact received in writing, demanding that you let the leaves). Why was big moment? The provider can to be customer, becouse the provider buy the net to as customer from somebody (I know there is a Law, but if a provider office do something as user, they are user :D ). If this happend + remove the seller this problematic "customer", then 70% of hungary cant use the internet ... because the provider cant have connetcion to share. He later apologized in writing to the company's lawyer for what happened and the inconvenience caused. But this one was a unique case.
Many security features can be vested in a letter/network. But nobody uses because it is simpler to say "I do not understand it." If server-provider are refused access for the bad-machine, simpler to say that the bad server-provider because you can not send mail there. Not consider the person that because of previous errors does not accept letters from the machine. If you can get an error message, the answer is, "I do not understand it, to solve the server-provider to work."
2005.dec stoped my subcontractor contract the isp-provider, since this time we use this system widht our friends (just on our private IPv4/IPv6 network).
What you can read, not as a complaint. Now just talk freely ... I share some interesting facts.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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I'm feeling stupid. Ok, first system, Acer laptop running windows 7. I "show password" in the wifi properties, verify, and yes, it connects. Mac running OSX in the cube next to me, same password fails. Normally I'd just login to the router and verify the security - but this thing is an Apple Airport that I know nothing about. Tried to login via the router's IP - but nothing doing there. Anyone a pro with apple wifi?
4 Replies
Jun 11, 2012 at 2:54 UTC
Doesn't sound like you really "need" to know anything about the airport. The Win7 machine connects. You know the password, obviously.
Do you have any other wifi access points you can connect to with the Mac to verify that its wireless card and/or OS is working properly? Even a hotspot/tether from a phone would do in a pinch.
Next thing to verify is that all devices are on the same page. Are they B/G? N? I recall an older access point I had a while ago that you could use B/G OR N, but not at the same time. To verify this, I believe you can download the airport utility for Windows from here: http:/
Jun 11, 2012 at 2:57 UTC
Double-Check the Wireless on the Mac by testing against another AP (phone tether, etc.)
Double-Check the password on the Mac, and clean out the keyring.
That should do it.
Jun 11, 2012 at 3:02 UTC
Um... you lost me at Mac. :)
Jun 11, 2012 at 3:21 UTC
It is just a guess but you could use this suggestion from here http://www.cultofmac.com/43447/how-to-fix-common-wifi-problems-macrx/
"Forget Previously Saved Networks
Software issues can cause problems even when reception is fine. Macs and iDevices sometimes hiccup when joining previously visited networks. This can happen when network hardware or encryption methods change but the network name and password remain the same. Forcing your device to forget a previously saved network can help.
Turn Off Airport before making any changes. On the Mac information about saved networks is stored in two places, in System Preferences –> Network –> Airport –> Advanced (this stores network names), and in the System Keychain (this stores network passwords). You need to delete information from both places to fully remove old networks."
I also know that Mac OS X 10.8 has an unresolved problem with dropping wifi connections and not being able to get them back until after a reboot.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Prevalence of obesity and associated cardiovascular risk: the DARIOS study
- Authors
- Journal
- BMC Public Health 1471-2458
- Publisher
- Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.)
- Publication Date
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Identifiers
- Source
- Legacy
- Keywords
- Disciplines
Background To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Spanish population as measured with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) and to determine the associated cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Pooled analysis with individual data from 11 studies conducted in the first decade of the 21st century. Participants aged 35–74 years were asked about the history of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. Height, weight, WC, blood pressure, glycaemia, total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary risk were measured. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), general obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), suboptimal WC (≥ 80 cm and < 88 in women, ≥ 94 and < 102 in men), abdominal obesity (WC ≥88 cm ≥102 cm in women and men, respectively) and WHtR ≥0.5 was estimated, standardized for the European population. Results We included 28,743 individuals. The prevalence of overweight and suboptimal WC was 51% and 30% in men and 36% and 22% in women, respectively; general obesity was 28% in both sexes and abdominal obesity 36% in men and 55% in women. The prevalence of WHtR ≥0.5 was 89% and 77% in men and women, respectively. All cardiovascular risk factors were significantly associated with abnormal increased values of BMI, WC and WHtR. Hypertension showed the strongest association with overweight [OR = 1.99 (95% confidence interval 1.81-2.21) and OR = 2.10 (1.91-2.31)]; suboptimal WC [OR = 1.78 (1.60-1.97) and OR = 1.45 (1.26-1.66)], with general obesity [OR = 4.50 (4.02-5.04), and OR = 5.20 (4.70-5.75)] and with WHtR ≥0.5 [OR = 2.94 (2.52-3.43), and OR = 3.02 (2.66-3.42)] in men and women respectively, besides abdominal obesity in men only [OR = 3.51 (3.18-3.88)]. Diabetes showed the strongest association with abdominal obesity in women [OR = 3,86 (3,09-4,89). Conclusions The prevalence of obesity in Spain was high. Overweight, suboptimal WC, general, abdominal obesity and WHtR ≥0.5 was significantly associated with diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and coronary risk. The use of lower cut-off points for both BMI and particularly WC and could help to better identify the population at risk and therefore achieve more effective preventive measures.


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This show is the worst thing I have ever watched in my life. After just a few minutes I had to change the channel, then went back to see if maybe what I had seen wasn't really that bad, but it was.
It features this clown, a disgusting, repulsive, foul-mouthed clown, that goes around and tortures [in a way] people on the streets. His name is Yucko the Clown, and he gained some fame from being featured on Howard Stern.
This show isn't even good enough to be featured on regular MTV, it has to be put on higer cable, MTV2, which in fact is being ruined because of all the shows they feature on that channel, because it was orignially made to play more music.


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I highly recommend these guys first class work and an excellent team. On time as promised and very respectful in all ways.
I rarely leave feedback on these forums, but these guys really deserve it. Our kitchen tiling and painting was done to an excellent standard. Our decorator put dust sheets on everything, taped up areas so nothing was painted that shouldn't have been. He hoovered, and placed everything back that he'd moved at the end of each day. He even sent us photos of progress! Would highly recommend and be happy to ask them to come back in the future. Thank you!
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Designer Konstantin Grcic (right) is behind this collection of raw and minimalistic chairs. Constructed from American walnut, Douglar fir, and thermo-treated ash.
Compact, minimal, sculpted, the Osso chair for Mattiazzi begs to be touched. French designers Ronan and Erwan Bouroullec (left) say the quality and "sensuality of the wood" makes the object. A high-technology system assembles the wood panels of the seat and back, creating strength to match their beauty.
The Branca chair is reminiscent of tree branches. The chair has a classic American feel. The seat and back are carved from a single piece of wood, and the joints are seamless. Branca chairs are stackable and designed for every day use. Designed by Brit Sam Hecht (right), half of London-based design practice Industrial Facility.
No surprise that a design firm noted for its woodworking came up with a chair that demonstrates such graceful carpentry. What is surprising is how designer Nitzan Cohen (left) imagined a new dynamic with the subtle differences he built into his He Said and She Said chairs. Perfect for restaurants, cafés, and homes, the stackable Mattiazzi chair comes in three solid woods - black anilin beech, white lacquered beech, and natural ash. Unupholstered or with removable upholstery on the seat and back in 28 colours.


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Per Kreipke" <...@onclave.com>
|RE: new sql logicsheet!
|Wed, 06 Sep 2000 15:09:35 GMT
> > > > This behaviour is allowed by JDBC. ResultSet javadoc states > "For maximum > > > > portability, ResultSet columns within each row should be read in > > > > left-to-right order and each column should be read only once." > > > > > > Geez. Pardon my language, but that is simply ass. > > > > I love tech talk :) It's a shitty constraint but it might help > speed up lots > > of implementations, which JDBC needs as far as I can tell (or > maybe it's the > > JDBC-ODBC bridge that's slow). > > note that the JDBC-ODBC bridge is terrible and is really not recommended > for use in production environments - not only is it slow only implements > JDBC minimally, it's known to have thread safety issues under certain > circumstances. if you're stuck with access, i'm pretty sure there is a > type 4 driver for access specifically (i could easily be wrong tho). > access itself has been known to corrupt data when multiple processes are > operating on the database simultaneously. my take - access is fine for > rapid prototyping if you get off on that kind of thing but use a real > database (mysql, postgresql, oracle, etc.) for storing real data. Thanks. Very helpful! I use Access when developing locally but the production server is using MS SQL Server 7.0, but I was still using the bridge. I'll look around to see if there's a native JDBC suite for SQL7 (know of any?). > > > > The problem in esql is that you can get data in a ResultSet > in a number > > > > of different ways (get-date, get-time, get-timestamp just > to mention a > > > > few) so the cache has to be smarter. Maybe adding a cache for > > > > getString() results would be enough for most cases ? > > > > > > I reckon we could stick a hashtable or something in front of the > > > resultset, but we can't just get strings or else you won't be able to > > > nicely format dates or real numbers. but if we get objects instead, we > > > have to write our own getXXXX methods for strings, ints, reals, > > > etc. instead of relying on the ResultSet. hmmm... > > > > How about declaring whatever you decide as an optional feature > that doesn't > > get used by default? E.g. no copies of any objects or strings are made > > unless you ask for this cached-value feature. It could be an > attribute of > > the <esql:results> tag. > > > > <esql:results cacheValues="yes">.... > > yeah, that's probably worthwhile. icky to code in conditionally tho. Just curious, why is that? If the default is "no", you can't just test in an <xsl:if> for the attribute? Not recommended? I was about to start writing my own taglibs, should I not use default values for attributes and check for their existence? > > Naive question: isn't a ResultSet a container of other simpler > objects that > > could be stored in the hashtable/cache-container instead of strings? > > nope. ResultSet is an interface which describes how to access data from a > SQL query. Implementations of ResultSet may well put the queried data into > a container from which they retrieve it, or they may well leave the byte > stream uninterpreted until a column is retrieved. You can probably always > call the getObject method and retrieve a column's value as a java object, > but then you're going to have to handle the casting when someone tries to > retrieve it as a string, an int, a date, a double, etc. Ok. That makes sense. > i think i'll probably simply stick to getString if the user wants me to > cacheValues. Cool! Per.
|View raw message


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Question: What was the major finding of the Ying Lewellen Schlarbaum
What was the major finding of the Ying, Lewellen, Schlarbaum, and Lease study? How does this relate to the semistrong form of the efficient market hypothesis?
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Answer to relevant QuestionsWhat are some reasons a firm may repurchase its own stock? What is meant by the statement that "mismeasurement or misspecification of risk could give the false appearance of superior returns"? Outline the basic assumptions of technical analysis. How does prospect theory differ from standard economic utility theory? What is shelf registration?
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Auteurs: Coen Bros., Woody Allen, Robert Altman, David Fincher
Movies I Will See Again: Groundhog Day, The Red Shoes, Moulin Rouge with Jose Ferrer, Oh Brother, Where Art Thou, A Fish Called Wanda, Bridesmaids, The Other Guys, Fargo . . . .
Music: Allman Bros, Prince, Joni Mitchell, Miles Davis, Steely Dan, Dire Straits, 60's soul, The Blues (country and Chicago) Mahler, Mozart, The 3 B's, and many more
the ocean
a loaf of french bread, a jug of red wine, and thou . . .


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They do it in Canada, they do it in Norway. They do it in America and they even do it in Iceland. But it has to be good conditions to last long, and the further south you are, the more caution is needed, if you don't want to end up swimming (or worse) instead of sailing.
In New Jersey this week the word is out, that there's sailable ice on the Navesink River in New Jersey.
So if you go down to the ice today, you'd be in for a big surprise, as there's a handful of determined ice sailers preparing their vessels for an outing from the North Shrewsbury Ice Boat & Yacht Club.
According to local news outlet www.redbankgreen.com!redbankgreen, this is the first time this season that the vessel that serves as the Borough of Red Bank's official logo image has returned to the frozen river. That wouldn't have happened without the determination by the North Shrewsbury Ice Boat & Yacht Club's safety committee that sailing was safe.
According to a recording on the club's 'iceline,' the committee determined that there was sailable ice beneath about an inch of compacted snow Sunday morning.
But with safety the first priority, many precautions were taken. A line of Christmas trees was laid out, and sailers were cautioned to stay south of it.
In addition, orange cones were arranged to show a safe passage to a large plate of ice to the east.
On Monday, www.redbankgreen.com!redbankgreen found temporary rear commodore Dan Clapp of Fair Haven and a handful of other iceboaters preparing for their first sail of the season.
'We heard they were sailing, so we said, let's give it a try,' Clapp said.
To this tropical sailor, it sounds cold and it sounds dangerous. But it does go to show that just because it's winter in a cold country, there's no need to give up sailing - and you don't have to go to the Caribbean to do it!


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The expression of hepatic multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp)1, 2, 3, and 6 and organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatp)1 and 2 were examined in control and 20- to 21-day pregnant rats. Western analysis showed that expression of Oatp2 was decreased 50% in pregnancy, whereas expression of Oatp1 did not change. Expression of Mrp2 protein determined by Western analysis of total liver homogenate decreased to 50% of control levels in pregnant rats, consistent with studies using plasma membranes. Confocal immunohistochemistry showed that Mrp2 expression was confined to the canalicular membrane in both control and pregnant rats and was not detectable in intracellular compartments. In isolated perfused liver, the biliary excretion of 2,4-dintrophenyl-glutathione was significantly decreased in pregnancy, consistent with decreased expression of Mrp2. The expression of the basolateral transporter Mrp1 was not altered in pregnancy, whereas expression of Mrp6 mRNA was decreased by 60%. Expression of Mrp3 was also decreased by 50% in pregnant rat liver, indicating differential regulation of Mrp isoforms in pregnancy. These data also demonstrate that decreased Mrp2 expression is not necessarily accompanied by increased Mrp3 expression.
- organic anion transporting polypeptides
a key function of the liver is the production of bile and biliary secretion of many endogenous and exogenous substances. These compounds are taken up across the sinusoidal membrane; biotransformed into glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate conjugates in hepatocytes; and then excreted into the bile across the canalicular membrane. The hepatic uptake of bile salts is largely dependent on the Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, whereas uptake of many other amphipathic organic anions is primarily dependent on the Na+-independent organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps) (13, 19, 35). Under physiological conditions, these conjugates are secreted across the canalicular membrane into bile by an ATP-dependent conjugate export pump, the canalicular organic anion transporter or multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/Mrp2; ABCC2) (11,18). At least seven other members of the MRP/Mrp family have been identified, all of which confer multidrug resistance (3, 17,23, 26). Mrp1, 2, 3 and 6 are normally expressed in both human and rodent livers, whereas their abundance and localization vary. Mrp1 and 3 are present in very low levels at the lateral membrane of hepatocytes under normal physiological conditions, whereas Mrp2 is abundant and functions as an important conjugate export pump on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes (28, 36, 39, 45). Mrp6 was recently cloned in rat liver and characterized as a lateral and canalicular transporter (31). A physiological function for MRP/Mrp 4 and 5 has not yet been identified; however, both are able to transport organic anions and nucleotide analogs (4, 20, 43,51).
Pregnancy is one of the major physiologically stressful events in which the transport processes in the liver are dramatically altered. Previous studies (6) have shown that Mrp2 protein expression is significantly decreased in pregnancy, consistent with the decreased biliary excretion of organic anions at this time. The ability of the liver to concentrate the glucuronide conjugate of the hydroxylated metabolite of phenytoin in bile is impaired in pregnancy, resulting in its accumulation in blood (48). Under conditions where the function of Mrp2 is hereditarily deficient in Eisai hyperbilirubinemic or transporter mutant (TR−) rats, or in chronic bile duct ligation (CBDL)-induced cholestasis, the basolateral isoform Mrp3 is dramatically induced (9, 15, 45). Mrp1 expression is increased during hepatocyte proliferation and after LPS treatment, which also inhibit Mrp2 expression (39, 50). These basolateral isoforms of the Mrp family (Mrp1 and 3) are proposed to mediate the secretion of conjugates from hepatocytes into blood, particularly under pathophysiological conditions associated with impairment of Mrp2 (25). Mrp2 substrates include glutathione conjugates [e.g., 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathione (DNP-SG) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4)], glucuronide conjugates [e.g., estradiol 17-β-d-glucuronide (E217G)], and sulfate conjugates of certain bile salts (e.g., taurolithocholate-3-sulfate), and are very similar to Mrp1 substrates (21, 22, 24, 29, 46). Mrp3 also transports glucuronide conjugates such as E217G as its substrates, whereas glutathione conjugates are poorly transported by this carrier (16).
Therefore, we examined expression of hepatic Mrp1 and Mrp3 in pregnant rats, compared with female controls, to determine whether their expression is altered under this physiological condition when Mrp2 is downregulated. The expression of Mrp6 and Oatp 1 and 2 was also examined. Finally, hepatic transport of DNP-SG was examined in the isolated perfused liver after infusion of the lipophilic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB).
Proteinase inhibitors (PMSF, antipain, aprotinin, pepstatin A, and leupeptin) and CDNB were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). CDNB was recrystallized from ethanol and water (3:2 vol/vol) before use (12). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were from Life Technologies (Rockville, MD), Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA), or Sigma. The GSH conjugated derivative of CDNB, DNP-SG, was synthesized using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and GSH, as described (44).
Mouse monoclonal antibodies against the carboxyl terminus of human MRP2 (M2III-6) and rat monoclonal antibody against an internal epitope of human MRP1 (MRPr1) were purchased from Alexis Biochemicals (San Diego, CA). Because of the similar sequences of immunogen in rat and human, M2III-6 and MRPr1 also recognize rat Mrp2 and 1, respectively. The rabbit polyclonal antibody against rat Mrp3 was raised to a fusion protein containing amino acid 838-973 of the deduced rat Mrp3 amino acid sequence (36). Polyclonal rabbit anti-Zonula occludens 1 was purchased from Zymed Laboratory (South San Francisco, CA). Rabbit anti-serum against rat Oatp1 and 2 were prepared as described previously (10, 38).
Female Sprague-Dawley rats (Harlan Industries, Indianapolis, IN) were used throughout the study. The rats had free access to food and water and were maintained on a 12:12-h automatically timed light/dark cycle. Pregnant rats were timed according to the first day that sperm were detected (day 0). Age-matched nonpregnant female rats were used as controls and were compared with timed pregnant rats (20–21 days pregnant). TR− rats (180–240 g), a gift from the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, were bred in our animal facility. All procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Kentucky.
Single-pass perfused liver.
This experiment was designed to determine hepatic excretion of DNP-SG from control and pregnant rats. Rats were anesthetized with 1 g/kg urethane ip. The liver was perfused via the portal vein with Krebs-Henseleit buffer consisting of (in mM): 118.5 NaCl, 24.9 NaHCO3, 1.2 KH2PO4, 1.19 MgSO4, 4.74 KCl, and 1.27 CaCl2, pH 7.4, at a flow rate of 3.6–4.3 ml · min−1 · g−1 liver in a single-pass perfusion system as described previously (30). The bile duct was cannulated with polyethylene-10 tubing. Perfusate was oxygenated with 95% O2-5% CO2 and maintained at 42°C so that the liver was maintained at 36 ± 1°C. Taurocholate (10 μM) was infused throughout the experiment to maintain stable bile flow. After an initial 10-min equilibration time, CDNB (30 μM in 1:2,000 dimethylsulfoxide: Krebs-Henseleit buffer, final concentration), the precursor of DNP-SG, was infused into the portal vein cannula for 30 min. The liver was then perfused with blank Krebs-Henseleit buffer for an additional 40 min. Bile was collected every 5 min throughout the experiment and the volume was determined gravimetrically assuming a density of 1.0. Perfusate outflow was also collected every 5 min. DNP-SG content was determined in bile and perfusate outflow by HPLC. The HPLC system used was a Waters model M-6000 (Waters, Milford, MA). Isocratic elution was performed with a C18 column (μBondapak; Waters) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.01% H3PO4 (1:3, vol/vol) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min (14). DNP-SG was detected at 365 nm and was quantified by means of a standard curve.
Preparation of whole liver homogenate.
Livers were removed from control, 20–21 days pregnant, or TR− rats, rinsed with ice-cold PBS, cut into several pieces, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C. Frozen rat liver pieces (≈1 g) were homogenized in 4 vol of homogenization buffer (10 mM Tris · HCl, pH 7.6, 140 mM NaCl, containing proteinase inhibitors). Homogenate was mixed with an equal volume of the above homogenization buffer containing 2% Triton X-100, and rotated end-over-end at 4°C for 2 h. The homogenate was centrifuged at 30,000 g for 30 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was saved. The resulting pellet was suspended in 1 ml of homogenization buffer containing 1% Triton X-100, rotated end-over-end at 4°C for 2 h, and centrifuged as described above. The above two supernatants were combined, stored at −80°C, and used as whole liver homogenate samples.
Immunoblot analysis.
Whole rat liver homogenate was suspended in sample loading buffer (52.5 mM Tris · HCl, pH 6.8, 2% SDS, 0.0025% bromophenol blue, 10% glycerol, 2.5% β-mercaptoethanol). Samples (10–20 μg; without boiling) were separated by an 8 or 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Membranes were blocked with Tris-buffered 5% nonfat milk overnight at 4°C and then incubated with one of the following antibodies: anti-Mrp2 (1:5,000 dilution), anti-Mrp3 (1:2,000 dilution), anti-Mrp1 (1:3,000) dilution, anti-Oatp2 (1:3,000 dilution), and anti-Oatp1 (1:2,000 dilution) for 1–2 h at room temperature. The blots were then washed three times in a TBS-Tween solution (10 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05% Tween-20) and incubated with the secondary antibodies (peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit or anti-mouse antibodies) for 1–2 h. The blots were then washed again four times in TBS-Tween solution. The labeled blots were visualized using the enhanced chemiluminescence detection system (ECL Plus, Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Little Chalfont, Buchinghamshire, UK) and scanned using a Molecular Dynamics phosphorimager for quantitation using ImageQuant software.
Real-time PCR.
Total RNA was prepared from rat livers according to Chomczynski and Sacchi (7). cDNA was produced from 4 μg of total RNA by using the SuperScript Preamplification System for first strand cDNA synthesis according to the manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) in a volume of 20 μl. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed on the cDNA sample using the Roche Molecular Biochemical's LightCycler System (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). The following primer pairs were used: Mrp1: 5′-CCTTTTCCTGTGCAATCATGTA-3′ and 5′-AGAACCTCTGCACAAAGAAGTA-3′; Mrp3: 5′-GTGCTGAAGAATTTGACTCTG-3′ and 5′-GACCAGGACCCGGTTGTAGTC-3′; Mrp6: 5′-CTGCTTCAGGAGAACACAGAT-3′ and 5′-CTTGAAGTAGACAGCTTGGGCT-3′; resulting in amplified products of 461, 573, and 677 bp, respectively. Individual glass capillaries were filled with a solution containing 2 μl of cDNA template, 1.6 μl of MgCl2 (25 μM), 1.2 μl of specific primer pairs (10 μM each), 2 μl of SYBR Green Master solution, and 13.2 μl of distilled water. After a 5-min denaturation at 95°C, the amplification of target cDNA was performed for 40–50 cycles according to the following steps: denaturation at 95°C (0 s), annealing at 60°C (10 s), and elongation at 72°C (40 s). After each elongation step, the SYBR Green fluorescence was measured either immediately at 72°C (Mrp1 and 6) or after the temperature was raised to 85°C to prevent a contribution of primer dimers (Mrp3). At the end of the PCR, a melting curve analysis was performed by gradually increasing the temperature from 72–95°C (0.1°C/s). Moreover, at the end of some experiments, RT-PCR products were removed from capillaries and analyzed by gel electrophoresis to confirm the presence and assess the purity of the amplicons of interest. After PCR was completed, the SYBR Green fluorescent signal was analyzed and converted into a relative number of copies of target molecules. For this purpose, the results of a series of standards prepared by successive dilutions and plotted against the logarithm of the concentration were used to estimate the relative amount of specific mRNA initially present in the various samples.
Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy.
After rapid perfusion with ice-cold 0.9% NaCl for 1 min, the liver was frozen in isopentane precooled in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. Tissue sections (5 μm) were prepared with a microtome (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY), air-dried for 2 h, and fixed with acetone at −20°C for 10 min. In some experiments related to Mrp3, livers were fixed by perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde for 8 min, followed by cryosection. After incubation with PBS for 5 min, sections were incubated with 3% donkey serum in PBS containing 0.03% Triton X-100 for 30 min to block nonspecific sites. Sections were incubated with the primary antibodies (1:50–1:200) for 2 h followed by three washes with PBS. Then, Cy2- or Cy3-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratory, West Grove, PA) (1:100) was applied to visualize the fluorescence. After another four extensive washes with PBS, sections were mounted in Vectashield mounting medium (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) and studied in a confocal scanning laser microscope (True Confocal Scanner Leica TCS SP II). Sections from control and pregnant rats were treated in parallel in all steps in the same slides in the same well. In the present study, the acquired images are not appropriate for quantitation, because settings (gain, contrast, Z-position, or horizontal level of the specimen in which the images were recorded) of the confocal laser scanning microscope were not exactly the same for different tissue sections.
Hepatic Mrp2 expression and localization in pregnancy.
Previous studies showed that in pregnancy, Mrp2 protein in liver plasma membrane was significantly decreased, whereas its mRNA expression was stable (6), indicating posttranscriptional regulation of Mrp2 in pregnancy. However, relocalization of Mrp2 into subapical vesicles might also lead to changes in its detection in plasma membrane by Western analysis. To clarify this issue, we examined the expression of Mrp2 in total liver homogenate in control and pregnant rats. As shown in Fig. 1, left, Mrp2 protein expression in total liver homogenate also decreased to 50% of control levels, consistent with the decreased expression of Mrp2 in plasma membrane (6). Protein levels of Oatp1 and Oatp2, the transporters responsible for the hepatic uptake of organic anions in basolateral membrane, were also examined in whole liver homogenate. As shown in Fig. 1, right, Oatp1 expression did not change, whereas Oatp2 protein expression was significantly decreased by 45% in pregnancy.
Immunoflouroscence studies by confocal microscopy indicated no change in the pattern of tissue localization of Mrp2 in pregnancy (Fig.2). Mrp2 was localized and confined to the canalicular membrane in both pregnant and control rat liver.
Hepatic Mrp1 and Mrp3 mRNA expression in pregnant rats.
We then examined the effects of pregnancy on the expression and localization of Mrp1 and Mrp3. mRNA levels of transporters were analyzed using real-time PCR. The fluorescence signal produced by SYBR Green I, which is detectable only when inserted in double-strand DNA and is proportional to the accumulated PCR product, was monitored on-line continuously. The melting curve analysis was performed to confirm PCR product identity after the completion of amplification as described in materials and methods. A typical experiment detecting Mrp1 mRNA expression is shown in Fig.3, A–E. A noise band was manually set to record only the signals significantly above the background and from the linear part of each amplification curve (Fig. 3 A). The number of cycles was calculated by determination of the intercept of the linear part of the curve (identified by the four black crosses) with the threshold line (indicated by the horizontal green line), represented by the red crosses. This number of cycles was then plotted against the log concentrations, or the copy numbers, of target cDNA. A relative standard curve was then established by using a series of successive dilutions of specific cDNA produced from a control rat liver (Fig. 3,A and B). The relative concentration of specific cDNA in unknown samples, which were amplified together with standards, was calculated according to the produced standard curve (Fig.3 C). A DNA melting curve was obtained at the end of each amplification by slowly increasing the temperature from 72 to 95°C and continuously monitoring the fluorescence and was used to confirm the specificity of the PCR products. As shown in Fig. 3 D, all samples except for the negative control H2O or RT(−) displayed a similar phase transition at ∼84°C. In contrast, the negative control sample (H2O) or RT(−) showed a transition at lower temperatures, reflecting the presence of unspecific DNA products, probably primer-dimers. We also determined by gel electrophoresis that the PCR products obtained on the LightCycler were composed of a single band of the expected size (Fig. 3 E).
The real-time PCR experiments revealed that Mrp1 mRNA expression did not change, whereas Mrp3 mRNA and Mrp6 mRNA expression significantly decreased by 40 and 60%, respectively, in pregnancy relative to controls (Fig. 4). To minimize errors owing to variations occurring during RNA extraction and quantification, the results were normalized to the amount of mRNA coding in the same sample for β-actin, a housekeeping gene.
Mrp1 and Mrp3 expression and localization in liver in pregnant rats.
Mrp1 protein expression did not change, whereas Mrp3 expression decreased by 50% in pregnancy (Fig. 5). Mrp3 showed a basolateral immunofluorescent staining in both control and pregnant rats, which was more evident in those hepatocytes surrounding the central vein (Fig. 6). Although we detected Mrp1 in total liver homogenate by Western analysis, we were not able to distinguish Mrp1 signals from the background by using confocal immunohistochemistry.
Hepatic transport of DNP-SG in pregnancy.
An isolated perfused liver experiment was performed to characterize the effect of pregnancy on transport activity of an organic anion, DNP-SG. CDNB (30 μM) is hydrophobic and able to diffuse rapidly into hepatocytes where it is rapidly conjugated with glutathione to form DNP-SG. DNP-SG is predominantly transported across the canalicular membrane by Mrp2; it is also a substrate for Mrp1 and Mrp3. Bile flow (μl · min−1 · g−1liver) was lower in pregnant rats throughout the experiment (Fig.7 A), consistent with previous reports (30). The administration of CDNB induced a transient increase of bile flow in both groups (Fig. 7 A), which was probably due to the osmotic effect of DNP-SG in bile. The DNP-SG concentration in bile was decreased slightly but significantly at some time points (Fig. 7 B), whereas the biliary secretion of DNP-SG was markedly decreased in pregnant rats (Fig. 7 C). In contrast, secretion of DNP-SG (nmol · min−1 · g−1 liver) across the basolateral membrane was similar in control and pregnant rats (Fig. 7 D).
Hepatic Mrp2 protein expression was significantly decreased in liver homogenate by 50% in pregnant rats, consistent with studies using plasma membrane (6). These studies confirmed that the downregulation in Mrp2 in plasma membrane is due to a decrease in hepatic Mrp2 and not to its relocalization into other cellular compartments. Such a downregulation of Mrp2 was reflected by decreased biliary excretion of DNP-SG, a typical substrate of Mrp2, in pregnancy (Fig. 7). These findings also agree with early studies where biliary excretion of the glucuronide conjugate of the major primary metabolite of phenytoin, 5-phenyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl) hydantoin, was significantly decreased in pregnant rats (48). Because Mrp2 mRNA expression is stable in pregnancy versus control rats (6), we postulated that there must be either reduced synthesis or accelerated breakdown of Mrp2 in pregnancy in rats. However, little information is yet available regarding the posttranscriptional regulation of Mrp2.
Downregulation of hepatic Mrp2 in canalicular membrane by CBDL or LPS treatment appears to result in a reciprocal or compensating increased expression of the basolateral isoforms Mrp1 or Mrp3 (9, 15, 45,50). These adaptive responses of transporter expression during cholestatic liver injury may serve as a compensatory mechanism to minimize the hepatocellular accumulation of toxic biliary constituents (9, 45, 47). These studies and findings that pregnancy decreases elimination of glucuronide conjugate of the hydroxylated metabolite of phenytoin from the blood (48) led us to examine the expression pattern of Mrp1 and 3 in pregnancy. Increased Mrp3 expression in TR− rats and after CBDL has been attributed to hepatic accumulation of Mrp2 substrates in the absence or decreased expression of Mrp2 in these models. However, the expression of hepatic basolateral Mrp1 and Mrp3 was not increased under the physiological conditions of pregnancy, although the function and expression of Mrp2 were decreased by 50%. Mrp1 expression was stable, whereas Mrp3 expression decreased by 50% in livers from pregnant rats. These findings indicate that the isoforms of Mrps are differentially regulated in pregnancy and that decreased expression of canalicular Mrp2 does not necessarily lead to a reciprocal increased expression of basolateral Mrp1 and Mrp3. Had there been no change in Mrp3 expression in pregnancy, it would have suggested a threshold below which Mrp2 expression must fall before expression of Mrp1 and 3 are increased. The present data indicate a more complex regulation of Mrp3 expression. Mrp3 appears to be transcriptionally downregulated in pregnancy, because Mrp3 mRNA and protein expression decreased in parallel. Further studies are needed to identify the factors regulating Mrp3 expression in pregnancy and in other models where Mrp2 expression is decreased.
Endocytic retrieval of Mrp2 from the canalicular membrane into the subapical space has been found in other experimental models of cholestasis including CBDL, LPS-, phalloidin-, and E217G-induced cholestasis (27, 33, 42, 47). The proper cellular localization of transporters is essential for their transporting activities. The present study shows that the localization of Mrp2 and 3 in hepatocyte did not change in pregnant rat liver. Mrp2 was localized and confined to the canalicular membrane in both pregnant and control rat liver, whereas Mrp3 showed a basolateral immunofluorescent staining in both control and pregnant rats, which was more evident in those hepatocytes surrounding the central vein (Figs. 2and 6).
By using isolated perfused liver, the present study also describes the functional changes in Mrp2-mediated transport of DNP-SG across the canalicular membrane. Early studies showed that the content of liver glutathione does not change, whereas glutathione-S-transferase activity for CDNB increases during pregnancy (8, 34, 37). Because the enzyme activity is 20,000–40,000 nmol · min−1 · g−1 liver, which is much higher than Mrp2 transport activity across the canalicular membrane (maximal 70 nmol · min−1 · g−1 liver) in the present study, the limiting step for DNP-SG secretion into bile is transport and not conjugation. Therefore, the effects of changes in metabolism of CDNB in pregnancy are almost certainly negligible. A previous study (1) using dibromosulfophthalein, an Mrp2 substrate that is directly transported to bile with no conjugation in liver, also showed a significantly decreased biliary excretion in pregnant rats. Initially we anticipated a decreased biliary efflux and a greater efflux of DNP-SG across the basolateral membrane in pregnant rat liver. Consistent with the decreased expression of Mrp2, the biliary secretion of DNP-SG was significantly decreased in pregnant rats (Fig. 7 C). The DNP-SG concentrations in bile were slightly but significantly decreased at some time points in pregnant rat liver, although the decrease was small relative to the decrease in bile flow (Fig. 7, A and B). The decrease in bile flow is likely due, in part, to decreased Mrp2 expression, because Mrp2-mediated transport of glutathione is considered a major contribution to bile flow (2). Although expression of Bsep is not changed in pregnancy, the maximal secretory rate for TC is significantly decreased in pregnant rat liver (6,30). Taken together, these data suggest that Mrp2 function is decreased to a slightly greater extent than is Bsep function or that of any other transporters that mediate transport of osmotically active solutes that contribute to bile flow. In phalloidin-induced cholestasis, the LTC4 secretion rate, but not its bile concentration, is significantly decreased (42), leading the authors to estimate that Mrp2 function is impaired in parallel with other mechanisms contributing to bile flow. In E217G-induced cholestasis, both DNP-SG concentration in bile and its biliary secretion rate are decreased (33), whereas the concentration of bile salt is increased (32, 49). The data imply that Mrp2 function is impaired to a greater extent than that of bile salt or other transporters involved in bile formation in E217G-induced cholestasis. Therefore, depending on the cholestatic model, the concentration of a solute in bile may be disassociated from its excretory rate. In contrast, secretion of DNP-SG across the basolateral membrane was similar in control and pregnant rats (Fig. 7 D). The similar basolateral efflux rates of DNP-SG in control and pregnancy in the face of its decreased biliary excretion could be due to the decreased expression of Oatp2 and Mrp3 in pregnancy. Further studies are needed to determine the factors and transporters that regulate basolateral efflux in pregnancy.
Mrp1 expression is very low in normal hepatocytes, and its expression in hepatocytes is related to proliferation (40, 41). In pregnant rats, liver mass is increased 30–40% and is at least partly due to an increase in the number of hepatocytes (data not shown). Although the extent of hepatocyte proliferation in pregnancy is poorly documented, it is clear that Mrp1 expression did not change.
We (6) have shown that Oatp2 mRNA expression is significantly decreased in pregnancy, whereas the decrease in Oatp2 protein expression in plasma membrane did not reach statistical significance. In the present study, we observed a significant decrease of Oatp2 protein in total liver homogenate in pregnancy (Fig. 1,right), which agrees with the decreased uptake of E217G in hepatocytes from pregnant rats (5). The downregulation of Oatp2 in pregnancy would result in diminished uptake of organic anions. Decreased hepatic extraction of Oatp2 substrates could serve to protect the liver from hepatotoxins. Conversely, decreased hepatic extraction of dietary constituents would increase exposure of the maternal and fetal organism to potentially toxic agents. It is not known whether other secretory organs such as the kidney could play a compensatory role in such a situation. The lack of change of Oatp1 expression also indicates differential regulation of this family of transporters.
In summary, in contrast to other experimental models of cholestasis, the expression of basolateral Mrp1 and Mrp3 in rat liver was not induced in pregnancy compared with controls, although the function and expression of Mrp2 was markedly decreased. Rather, the expression of Mrp3 was significantly decreased in liver of pregnant rats.
We thank Drs. Hiroshi Suzuki and Yuichi Sugiyama, Tokyo, Japan for their generous provision of Mrp3 antibody.
This work was supported by Public Health Service Grant GM-55343.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: M. Vore, H.S.R.B. 306, Graduate Center for Toxicology, Univ. of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., Lexington, KY 40536–0305 (E-mail:maryv{at}uky.edu).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
May 15, 2002;10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2002
- Copyright © 2002 the American Physiological Society


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Trillium Community Health Plan1776 Millrace Drive/P.O. Box 1950 Eugene, OR 97440
Lucy Zammarelli supervises Trillium's behavioral health department and serves as Health Equity Officer. She has a B.S. from Cornell University and an M.A. from Temple University. She has worked in the behavioral health field for over 17 years providing services and supervision in substance abuse and mental health treatment in the clinical setting with a focus on childhood trauma, substance abuse treatment, and family recovery.
YWCA of Northwest Georgia48 Henderson Street SW Marietta, GA 30064
Tanya Toyer previously worked as the Director of Counseling and Social Services for the Adopt America network, where she oversaw the daily operations of the counseling and social work services. She provided counseling/social work supervision, adoption home studies, pre- and post-placement services for adoptive families; oversaw national home studies for funding purposes; and supervised the Wendy's Wonderful Kids program and family outreach program. She also provided evidence-based trauma treatment for adoptive/birth families. Ms. Toyer previously worked as a clinical counselor for St. Vincent Mercy Medical Center, where she provided integrated mental health services in primary health care services for children, adolescents, and their families, as well as for substance-exposed newborns and their mothers, women who experienced postpartum depression and PTSD symptoms, and individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Previously, Ms. Toyer worked for the Toledo Children's Hospital (Cullen Center) as a clinical counselor. Her responsibilities were to provide mental health services for traumatized children and their families. Currently, Ms. Toyer works for the YWCA of Northwest Georgia as the Counseling Program Manager. The YWCA serves families (primarily women and children) who are victims of sexual assault and/or domestic violence. Ms. Toyer continues to provide evidenced-based trauma treatment for children and families, and serves as an affiliate member of the NCTSN Child Welfare Committee.
Monique Marrow is a clinical psychologist and currently a juvenile justice consultant for the Center for Trauma Recovery and Juvenile Justice at the University of Connecticut Health Center. She is the former deputy director of Treatment and Rehabilitation Services for the Ohio Department of Youth Services, and was the previous project director of the Toledo Children's Hospital Cullen Center. Dr. Marrow serves as affiliate representative to the NCTSN Steering Committee, co-chair of the NCTSN Juvenile Justice Treatment Committee, and the affiliate Advisory Committee, as well as the Justice Consortium and Community Violence committees for NCTSN. Dr. Marrow is co- Author of the NCTSN Toolkit Think Trauma: A Training for Staff in JJ and Residential Settings. Her primary interest is helping juvenile justice and child welfare systems to become more trauma informed through a process of organizational assessment, planning, youth education, and staff training.
The Gary Pavilion at Children's Hospital- Anschutz Medical Campus13123 E. 16th Avenue, B390 Aurora, CO 80045
Dr. Gomez is faculty at UC Denver School of Medicine with the Kempe Center. She is bilingual, Spanish speaking and bicultural; and works with children and families who have experienced trauma. She also works with community agencies, the child welfare system, and other systems bringing trauma informed services and training. In addition, she has a broad and extensive background on diversity issues and disparity with minority populations. Her expertise includes child trauma, community mental health and child welfare issues.
5583 Murray Road Memphis, TN 38119
Mindy Kronenberg was the former site coordinator for the LSUHSC Early Trauma Treatment Network site and training coordinator of the Louisiana Rural Trauma Services Center. Dr. Kronenberg remains involved in the Zero to Six and Schools Workgroups and is a Child Parent Psychotherapy trainer. She is currently working in Memphis, TN and collaborating with local agencies to increase access to infant mental health and trauma services.
Jim Van Den Brandt is the former clinical area manager of Integrated Services and director of Adolescent Trauma Treatment at the Mental Health Center of Dane County in Madison, WI. Jim has contributed to the development of numerous Network products, provided training and leadership on the adoption and implementation of evidence-based practices, and helped various systems become more trauma-focused and evidence-based. Jim is currently the mental health services manager for Group Health Cooperative in Madison, WI and he remains involved with a variety of Network activities and product development efforts.
Omni Visions, Inc. 301 South Perimeter Park Drive, Suite 210 Nashville, TN 37211
Ann Kelley is the former director of Healing the Hurt. She is now the Director of Residential Services for Omni Visions and incorporates her expertise in child trauma in the agency's assessment, treatment, and training and foster care activities.
Marla Himmeger initially participated in NCTSN activities through the Cullen Center in Toledo, Ohio. Prior to retirement in 2012, she was involved in organizing Ohio's Childhood Trauma Task Force and continues to participate in several local, state and NCTSN activities.


text:
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|Visiting cards
|Named Person:
|Robert Abraham; George Bentley; Richard Bentley; John Thaddeus Delane; Edward Everett; A Hayward; Fanny Hayward; Mary Anne Hayward; Alexander William Kinglake; John Murray; Henry Pelham Newcastle, Duke of; Emily Lamb Palmerston, Viscountess; Brian Roberts; Horace Smith
|Material Type:
|Graphic, Internet resource
|Document Type:
|Archival Material, Internet Resource, Visual material
|All Authors / Contributors:
A Hayward; Brian Roberts
|OCLC Number:
|5.51 linear ft. (7 boxes)
|More information:
The bulk of the printed materials consists of pamphlets, a petition, and clippings related to a controversy over the Inner Temple's rules for election to the bench, which resulted from a dissenter rejecting Hayward. Printed materials also include title pages inscribed by and to Hayward; a theater program; calling cards; clippings; and a menu from the Café de Paris. Other papers include an account of the estate of Robert Abraham, for whom Hayward was the executor; Hayward's passport (1862-1871); a design for a fruit garden; and whist instructions. Photographs consist of 12 cartes-de-visite, including portraits of Abraham Hayward; Mrs. Cornwallis West; Mrs. Wheeler; Olive Campbell; Florence de Bretton; Madaillae Florian; and Countess Fanny Karolyi.
Brian Roberts research materials consist of correspondence; typescripts for three chapters of an unfinished biography of Hayward; manuscript and typescript transcriptions of correspondence and writings related to Hayward; a biographical timeline; and other research papers.
Similar Items
Related Subjects:(20)
- Abraham, Robert, -- d. 1833 -- Estate.
- Bentley, George, -- 1828-1895.
- Bentley, Richard, -- 1794-1871.
- Delane, John Thaddeus, -- 1817-1879.
- Everett, Edward, -- 1794-1865.
- Hayward, A. -- (Abraham), -- 1801-1884.
- Hayward, Fanny, -- d. 1904.
- Hayward, Mary Anne.
- Kinglake, Alexander William, -- 1809-1891.
- Murray, John, -- 1808-1892.
- Newcastle, Henry Pelham, -- Duke of, -- 1811-1864.
- Palmerston, Emily Lamb, -- Viscountess, -- 1787-1869.
- Roberts, Brian.
- Smith, Horace, -- 1779-1849.
- Inner Temple (London, England)
- Authors, English -- 19th century.
- Gardens -- Design -- England.
- Politics and culture -- England -- History -- 19th century.
- Publishers and publishing -- England -- History -- 19th century.
- Whist.


text:
Strange Serial Number
1 Attachment(s)
I was looking at this 70± year old Colt firearm at a gun show recently. It had a strange serial number, like it was double struck or something. Comments?:confused:
I think something looks suspicious there.
Don't think colt would send it out the factory like that, I wouldn't touch it. It's just too off. With that said, if it has been tampered with, I still can't see what the original would be. Maybe that's the point
Not only askew, the type appears to be in different sizes.
That looks like someone tried to make a 3 into an 8, and quite poorly done at that
More clues
3 Attachment(s)
Looking at the Colt serial number search. All civilian 1911s had a C prefix in the 6 digit serial number from 1912 thru 1950. And from 1950 to 1970 there was a C suffix in the serial number This one was not a military issue but there is no C evident in the serial number anywhere. Was there a space between the C an the 6 digits? It does not appear that any of the strike overs was over a C to obliterate it. Note that there are 7 digits in this wierd serial number. Any more ideas?
I'm sorry but that looks like one of thew worst serial change jobs I've ever seen. I'd not wan to be near that thing.
I once had a firearm that I bought directly from the manufacturer. It had a second "A" stamped ahead of the serial number and the owner of the company explained to me that the initial run of receivers had the first 500 serial numbers duplicated. So, they had to take half of them and restrike the recivers to add an additional "A".
If that was a wartime frame made by one of the many contract manufacturers it is possible that there was a serial number overlap, that was then restruck, but that is kind of assuming a lot.
there are a lot of colt fakes out there where people try to take a common reciever like a ithaca and try to fake a colt serial to mate upp with a colt upper to sell for more money.
its obviously a pre-68 so serial number isnt technically required depending on your state. but it does have an altered serial number and thats against fed rules regardless of date.
if your interested in buying it for a cheap price, less than 450$, contact colt and see what they say about it.
personally i wouldnt touch it.
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Batti Na Bujha Mujhe Lagta Hai Darr - Bollywood Sing Along - Gopi Kishan - Sunil Shetty & Karisma MP3
Hey Guys, Sing Along to this Karaoke version of this song "Batti Na Bujha Mujhe Lagta Hai Darr" from the movie "Gopi Kishan" Credits of the songs are as ...
Bati Na Bujha (Jhankar) - [HD] - Gopi Kishan - Purnima MP3
Bati Na Bujha (Jhankar) - [HD] - Gopi Kishan - Purnima.
CHAND RAAT ESPECIA "BATTI NA BUJHA MUJHE LAGTA HEY DARR" Film "CHOUDHRY BADSHAH" MP3
Film Choudhry badshah Director:Altaf Hussain Cast:REEMA RAMBO Singer:Madam NOOR JEHAN.
Batti Na Bujha Mujhe || Poornima || Karishma Kapoor, Sunil Shetty || GOPI KISHAN MP3
Song name :- Batti Na Bujha Mujhe Movie name :- GOPI KISHAN Film cast:- Suniel Shetty, Shilpa Shirodkar, Suresh Oberoi, Karisma Kapoor, Aruna Irani, ...
Choudhri Badshah-Bati Na Bujha Mainu MP3
Bati Na Bujha Mujhe Lagta He Darr Full Song HD Gopi Kishan 1994 YouTube 3 MP3
Bati na bujha(www.love-hacker.webs.com) MP3
Bati Na Bujha Mainu MP3
Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises Bati Na Bujha Mainu · M. Ashraf · Noor Jehan Choudhri Badshah (Pakistani Film Soundtrack) ℗ 1996 Hi-Tech ...
Bati Na Bujha MP3
Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises Bati Na Bujha · Shazia Teri Yaad ℗ 2004 Music Waves Production Ltd. Released on: 2004-04-07 ...


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He says he finds me attractive and he says he wants to fool around with me in his truck but I don't just want to screw around. What can I do to change that?
What should I do about this guy?
Have an opinion?
What Guys Said 1
You can't really change what he wants to do "fool around." Tell the guy what you are looking for. If he is worth it, he will listen to you, if he isn't he will ignore and just want to have sex. Think about it, do you really want to love someone who just wants to "fool around in truck" with you?00|00|0
What Girls Said 1
What can you do to change what he wants to do...or to change what you want to do. I'm hoping you mean the first one, as you should never do something that you don't want to do or feel you have to make yourself do something that makes you feel uncomfortable. As for the guy I don't think there really is much you can do if that's his mind set other then talk to him, if he's not looking for a serious realtionship and that's all he wants then maybe you just have to let it go and look for someone who's not only going to respect that but also your needs out of a relationship as well =)00|00|0
I agree with this. If your instinct is he is gorgeous but I don't want to do what he suggests, then that is your mind protecting yourself. From my experience, guys who speak like this only want sex and don't particularly like you or have any interest in getting to know you as a person. Although very tempting, I have never regretted having sex with men who speak or make sexual offers this way.
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We were trying to decide where to eat on our single night in Visalia. Walking the street and looking over menus posted, two locals entering said. "We think this place is wonderful." After a little more strolling we took them up on it. The decor was pleasant, seating quick and service was amenable. Bread and olive oil on the table, wine ordered (it was 1/2 price bottle night, so we indulged) My wife had Spaghetti w/ meatballs. Ample portion and a very pleasant Sugo. I had Chicken Piccatta, which could have used a few more capers but was very lightly seasoned and flavorful with local veggies in season. Dessert was a lovely Creme Brule' that we split. After eating, the couple who approached us on the street stopped over and asked how the experience had been, and the introduced us to Visalia's Mayor who was also eating there that evening. We had a wonderful visit, good food, pleasant clean community.
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Have Urology Questions? Ask a Urologist Online.
Hi Dr. Tharun,
Yes, I was sent to get the CT Scan by my GP because of Hematuria, right flank pain, possible kidney stones.
I do not smoke.
I do take Altace & Atenenol as a follow up from triple bypass years ago.
5'10, 225 lbs
Nothing is mentioned in CT report about the enhancement of the mass...
No history of kidney cancers in the family.
How do they commonly remove the cyst and is this abnormally large?


text:
This was an interesting month for Microsoft patches. There were two critical Internet Explorer vulnerabilities (MS14-021, MS14-029) that were being actively exploited in the wild. MS14-021 was released out-of-band earlier this month and was publically disclosed. Updating Internet Explorer should be the top priority this month. Sharepoint suffers from multiple vulnerabilities (MS14-022) that may allow remote code execution from an authenticated attacker and should be looked at this month since critical data often resides in Sharepoint. The remaining 6 patches are rated important but pay close attention to MS14-025 and MS14-027 because they are being actively used in attacks that may result in privilege elevation. MS14-024 fixes a security feature bypass vulnerability that will not allow arbitrary code execution in itself but may be used to in conjunction with another vulnerability to allow arbitrary code execution on a user's workstation. This vulnerability is being exploited in the wild as well.
Unwanted and unknown applications can introduce malware, decrease PC performance, consume disk space, reduce network bandwidth and ultimately reduce IT and user productivity. With the free Application Scanner Tool from Lumension you can:
Click here to download it now »
Visit the Lumension Patch Tuesday Center
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Relevant content clearly and concisely. Finally!!!"
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Security Bulletins. Do you keep old copies? If yes, please let me know how I can
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-Susan D.
"Thanks, Randy. Your regular updates have streamlined my
monthly patching. Much appreciated,"
- Steve T.
"Really appreciate your patch observor. In the corporate
IT world, anything we can get our hands on that speeds the process of analyzing
threats and how they may or may not apply to our environments is a God-send.
Thanks so much for your efforts."
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- Roger G.
"The chart is a REAAALLY good idea :)"
- Phil J.
"I like the table. Your insight is very valuable. "
Tom C.
"I liked your high level overview of patches in the
table. There are so many sources of patch information which can be very specific
or surrounded by other stuff that it's refreshing to get everything summarised
like this. The "Randy's Recommendation" comment is useful starting point too.
Please keep up the good work."
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making the decision whether to patch or not to patch. And also to patch asap or
to wait a while before patching. Also I do think the use of the table is realy
improving the readability of the provided information."
- Gerard T.


text:
Automechanika 2016
13.09.2016 - 17.09.2016 — Hall: 1.1 Stand: D 27
Contact details
AVRAND PISHRO established on 1994 with main purpose of fuel system supplying. By applying the new technologies, APCO has managed to launch wide range of products for automotive fuel systems.
Our gift; the blue sky:
we are dedicated to blue sky plan.in this regard, producing green and environment-friendly products is in line with our main strategy. Our products are according incompliance with up to date technology and to the latest safety and environment standards produced with state of the art technologies.
Designing and manufacturing of automotive fuel system based on euro 6 standards


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Audlem FC play on Sunday
By Ralph Warburton - 23rd August 2012 7:02am
Audlem FC will be playing our first – albeit friendly – match this coming Sunday, 26th August, here in Audlem. Kick off is at 11.00am.
We will be in our new football strip so generously given by our sponsor, the Lord Combermere. This marks the beginning of Audlem FC in our drive to do well in the League.
Do come along, give us a cheer as we play the team Nomans Heath — and work up a thirst for the Beer Festival.
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We've had a message from Hannah at Farm Made Tearooms — the new Café in the courtyard at Number 11 Cheshire Street — announcing that they will be opening this Thursday 10th August. Opening hours for Farm Made are on the right. I'm sure that we all wish Hannah and her team great success in the new...
WIN an afternoon tea for two! National Afternoon Tea week, 14th-20th August is now upon us. To celebrate, Finefoodies' Deli & Cafe are delighted to give away "a fabulously fine Afternoon Tea for two" x 2. This includes their new special blend of Finefoodies' loose leaf tea. Simply go to their new Facebook Page, 'Finefoodies Deli Audlem' (click http...
Monday 14th Aug
To Sound Common and Overwater Marina
Meet in Audlem Car Park at 9.30am
Aston Methodist Church Hall
Time Trial & Road Race


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Corpl., Co. B, 30th Div., 119th Reg.; of Wayne County; son of W. H. and Mrs. Emma McDonald; husband of Mrs. Virginia May Wilkins. Entered service June 25, 1916, at Goldsboro, N.C. Sent to Camp Glenn. Transferred to Camp Wadsworth, S. C.; then to Camp Sevier and Camp Merritt. Sailed for France May 12, 1918. Promoted to Corporal, 1917. Fought at Kimmel Hill, Cambrai, Hindenburg Line, St. Quentin. Wounded October 17, at the battle of St. Quentin. Sent to 3rd General Australian Hospital and American Base Hospital No. 37. Mustered out at Camp Wadsworth, Jan. 24, 1919.
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