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Guboo Ted Thomas
|This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (February 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
|Guboo Ted Thomas
|Edwin Thomas
29 Jan 1909
Jembaicumbene, Braidwood,
South Coast,
New South Wales, Australia
|19 May 2002 (aged 93)
South Coast,
New South Wales, Australia
|2 wives 1 partner
|12 children
|William "Bill" Iberia Thomas
& Mary Gwendoline "Lino" Ahoy
Edwin "Guboo" Ted Thomas (29 January 1909 – 19 May 2002) of the Yuin people was a prominent Aboriginal (Koori) elder (leader), He lived a full life, including touring Australia with a gumleaf orchestra during the Great Depression of the 1930s, playing rugby league and getting banned for fighting a referee, yet growing to become an Elder campaigning for protection of sacred sites on the South Coast, who went to the United Nations in New York, who urged the World Council of Churches to accept indigenous religions, and who met the Dalai Lama. Guboo loved a "cuppa" (cup of tea), had a sense of mischief, enjoyed being doted on by women, and his favourite saying was: "Always remember, the best is yet to come!".[1]
Guboo's work in developing mutual respect and understanding, and in the renewal of the Spirit and the Dreaming, was prolific and ongoing. In his own words:
The Earth is our Mother.
When I die I'm going down there.
When you die you're going there too.
But what are you doing for the Earth? [2]
Guboo wanted Aboriginal spirituality, the Dreaming, to enrich the lives of all Australians, and devoted the rest of his life to being a catalyst for a worldwide return to selfless ancient values. He became a member of the Baha'i faith, emphasising the spiritual unity of humankind of all religions. In 1984 the then 75-year-old began travelling the world teaching the Dreamtime, the heart of Aboriginal spirituality.[3] For the remainder of his life Guboo held "Renewing the Dreaming" Camps around Australia and overseas,[4][5] for which he was well respected. However among his own people he was not without his critics, some of whom felt that he had discovered the perks of being a new-age guru to the white community. Unfortunately he also sometimes upset the actual traditional owners of the land where his ceremonies were held, by not always respecting their sacred sites, and by violating local Aboriginal laws.[6]
Guboo's accomplishments speak volumes about his commitment to Australia, and his Aboriginal community:
- Through his work with the Institute of Aboriginal Studies an invaluable record of sacred sites along the New South Wales coast was established.
- In 1979 the then seventy-year-old elder first came to public attention when, largely through his efforts, the New South Wales Premier Neville Wran ordered a cease to logging on the Mumbulla Mountain south of Bermagui. This led to a significant land rights settlement in New South Wales.
- The seventy-nine-year-old's 1988 re-enactment for the Australian Bicentenary of his own childhood 350-kilometre Dreamtime walk of seven decades earlier, with a group of koori kids from broken homes, demonstrated a personal vision guided by hard work, spirituality, respect and love for the land.
- Ever the gentle activist, the ninety-three-year-old will be last remembered for sitting in a wheelchair and clapping two sticks together. He was participated in a protest at Sandon Point near Wollongong demonstrating against a development threatening Aboriginal sites and the area's natural beauty.
Early life[edit]
Guboo Ted Thomas was born in 1909 under a gum tree at Jembaicumbene[7] in the Braidwood area of the South Coast of New South Wales. He was born into the Yuin people, which he always maintained was a Nation made up of many individual tribes. Ted is a contraction of his birth name Edwin; and Guboo, the name he was best known for, was his tribal name meaning "good friend". Guboo was son of William "Bill" Iberia Thomas, a tribal elder, and Mary Gwendoline "Linno" Ahoy. Although he was the third of 10 children he was recognised as a future spiritual leader by the elders of the Yuin before he was 10.
Guboo knew most about his father's family, and it was from his father's family that he drew his strong bonds with the Aboriginal community. His father William "Bill" Iberia Thomas (1888-?) and his grandfather Peter Thomas were both tribal elders. His grandmother Hannah (Nyaadi) McGrath was a [medicine woman] who took him along on her healing rounds, and told him Dreamtime stories. His father, grandfather and uncles instructed him in sacred rites, male ancestral laws and Yuin customs . He was eventually chosen by them to be given special knowledge and to become the future elder and spiritual leader of the Yuin Nation.
From his mother's family Guboo had a very eclectic background that he knew little about. His part-aboriginal mother Mary Gwendoline "Linno" Ahoy (1887–1959) had a Chinese father, and is most remembered for this by her children and grandchildren. Guboo also knew that she had French blood as her mother's surname had been de Mestre, his French great-great-grandfather Prosper de Mestre (1789–1844) was a prominent businessman in Sydney from 1818 to 1844, and whose father Colonel Andre Charles de Mestre (c. 1756–1794) had been a French soldier whose head had been removed by a cannonball in Martinique; his Australian-born great-grandfather Etienne de Mestre (1832–1916) was the horse trainer who owned and trained Archer the horse that won the first and second Melbourne Cups in 1861 and 1862; his Aboriginal great-grandmother Sarah Lamb, and his part-aboriginal grandmother Helen (Ellen) de Mestre (c. 1850–1934) would have been proud to see the part that Guboo has played in Aboriginal affairs during his lifetime; and his Chinese grandfather James Ahoy was a market gardener in the Braidwood area at the time of the gold-rush who moved back to China leaving his family behind. What would Gubbo have thought of his maternal forebears if he had known about them? Given his commitment to the aboriginal land rights struggle his feelings probably would have been ambivalent considering some of them owned large tracts of land in New South Wales that had been taken from his Aboriginal people. Guboo grew up on the Wallaga Lake Aboriginal Reserve where he attended the tiny local school until he was eight. Guboo would say of this time: "All I was taught at school was to knit, sew, make little johnnycakes and tend a garden. In those days, no-one bothered to teach the Aboriginal children the three Rs." Withdrawn from school by his parents, his education in his "Dreamtime culture" then began. When he was nine, his father, uncle and other Yuin elders took him on their Dreamtime walkabout from Mallacoota on the Victorian border to the Hawkesbury River and showed him all the sacred sites for which he would later be responsible.[8] During his early years he also watched as his grandfather called in dolphins to help them catch fish, and called in killer whales to help them catch whales,[9][10] his grandfather even being called by the killer whales at night to join a hunt.[11]
Always hardworking, As a teenager he had toured with a Hawaiian performing troupe. As a teenager and a young man he was a member of the Wallaga Lake Gumleaf Band that toured southern New South Wales and Victoria, and performed at the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932. The Gumleaf Band played at football dances, and on the back of trucks at district shows, gymkhanas, and sports picnics on the beach. He used these trips to visit Aboriginal missions from Victoria, up the New South Wales coast into Queensland, and inland over the Great Dividing Range. He would visit the old people to learn more about their customs and beliefs, tour their sacred sites and talk to them about protecting the land and the Great Spirit that sustained it.
The band included 7 of Guboo's family including his father and uncles and 3 of his brothers. It was an Aboriginal group that performed traditional dances with sticks and spears. It also included step dancing, tap dancing, hula dancing, and Māori influences, burlesque, clowning, and singing. They were a dance band that made music with gum leaves, an accordion, ukuleles, guitars, fiddle, and drums.[12][13] Guboo played the guitar, so very different from the traditional instruments that Guboo played in his later years of the clapping sticks and didgeridoo.[3]
Career and later life[edit]
After his music career Guboo then took work on various jobs around New South Wales including jackarooing, collecting shellac, cutting railway sleepers, working in the timber industry, as leader of an Aboriginal work-crew at Warragamba Dam, and as a union delegate at a Botany foundry. Most of his working life, however, was spent as a commercial fisherman on the South Coast applying that special knowledge given to him by his elders, except that "the middleman made all the money".
58-year-old Guboo, along with all other Aboriginal Australians, finally became an Australian citizen following the 1967 referendum.[14] After the referendum, the no longer young Guboo Guboo sold his fishing-boat after 25 years to devote himself to the responsibilities handed to him by his beloved elders. He moved back to Wallaga Lake with his family. In the early 1970s Guboo and his wife Ann and other tribal Elders joined Pastor Frank Roberts' New South Wales Aboriginal Lands and Rights Council. This experience strengthened Guboo's commitment to Aboriginal land rights and culture. "Land rights, self-determination, and cultural identity" became his catch-cry. His activism began by hitchhiking to Canberra to urge the Government to make the Wallaga Lake Aboriginal Mission into a reserve and to seek protection of the sacred sites. Before long he began working with the Institute of Aboriginal Studies, recording all the Aboriginal sites in coastal New South Wales. His work with the Institute of Aboriginal Studies was groundbreaking and became the basis of all future land claims along the South Coast. He attended land rights marches in Wollongong, and land rights meetings in Sydney. In 1977 he played a significant role in the establishment of a New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council to co-ordinated the land rights campaign. In 1978 he helped prepared land claims which were presented to the New South Wales Government. After five years of demonstrations and lobbying, the Wallaga Lake community received its title deeds, and he proudly accepted them. If only Guboo had been alive to see the ownership of a much greater area, of the former Wallaga Lake National Park and the rest of the Gulaga National Park, be restored to the area's original owners, the Yuin people, in May 2006.
In 1978 Guboo became alarmed about forestry operations on nearby Mumbulla Mountain threatening sacred sites. The New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service, with the help of Guboo Ted Thomas, commenced an Anthropological and Archaeological investigation of Mumbulla Mountain. This investigation supported the claims of the Yuin people, and determined that Mumbulla Mountain is significant to Aboriginal people.[15] Yet several politicians still claimed there were no sacred sites and dismissed Guboo's claims as 'idle fantasies'. In 1979 the then seventy-year-old elder first came to public attention when, largely through his efforts, the New South Wales Premier Neville Wran ordered a cease to logging on the Mumbulla Mountain south of Bermagui. However the campaign for Mumbulla Mountain was not yet over. His pertinacity saw him not give up. He knew when to fight, and when to negotiate. He believed that he would win the battle, and he did. After five long years the victory was a significant land rights settlement for the Aboriginal people.
Around this time, he began espousing a spiritual message, believing that the noisy protests and marches only aggravated racism. He wanted to build bridges, bringing people together through a mutual love and respect for Mother Earth. His work of restoring people's unity with the land had just begun. He wanted the Dreaming to enrich the lives of all Australians and devoted the rest of his life to being a catalyst for a worldwide return to selfless ancient values. He went to the United Nations, and he asked the World Council of Churches to accept indigenous religions. His teachings took him around the world many times, with not a penny in his pocket, and made him friends among many cultures. He met spiritual and religious leaders, like the Dalai Lama, who would later contact him when passing through Australia.
For the next 20 years he held "Dreaming camps" around Australia and overseas to teach and pass on his knowledge, to renew the Dreaming of these places and restore sacredness to the landscape. He spent each January at Blue Gum Flats, in the Budawangs, behind Pigeon House Mountain (Bulgarn). Thousands of people from around the world came to meet him in the deep wilderness and to seek a spiritual relationship with nature. Many non-indigenous Australians participated in these Dreaming camps and were moved and at times overwhelmed by the experience as well as the rustic conditions.[16] The gallerist and early Aboriginal art advocate Adrian Newstead, for example, recalls spending a full moon cycle each year at these camps from the late 1980s to early 1990s.[17]
Back in 1988, the year of the Australian Bicentenary, the seventy-nine-year-old had re-enacted his own childhood 350-kilometre Dreamtime walk of seven decades earlier. The walk went from Mallacoota on the Victorian border to the Hawkesbury River, and took six weeks. Guboo walked with a group of Koori kids from broken homes who still recall the walk with awe.
Guboo envisioned a nation that has put internal conflict between white and black Australians behind it in the realisation of a truly unified Australian identity with a respect for Aboriginal culture and love of the land as its bedrock. Apart from those in his immediate family, it was a message that fell flat among his own people. While Guboo went on to work tirelessly to bring black and white together in love and unity, his own people mistrusted him for most of his remaining life.
He shared the Dreamtime stories from his childhood with all who would listen. His birthday present for his 90th birthday in 1999 was the performance of a puppet show "Dreamtime Stories of the Yuin Tribe" performing a Dreamtime story as told to Guboo by his grandmother "Granny Tungii" the medicine woman.[18]
Ever the gentle activist, in February 2002 he was participated in a protest at Sandon Point near Wollongong demonstrating against a development threatening Aboriginal sites and the area's natural beauty. The ninety-three-year-old will be remembered for sitting in a wheelchair and clapping two sticks together. He also identified some "sacred stones" in Thomas Gibson Park at Thirroul but Wollongong Council took more almost two years before they arranged for him to come from Wallaga to the site and identify them in early 2002. Guboo was then too unwell to walk the site in order to re-locate and identify them and the site was later approved for residential development.
Active in what he saw as his life's work till the very end, in his last days he participated in a study about Indigenous kinship with the Natural World in New South Wales.[10]
He died at 93 years of age on 19 May 2002, just before that year's Reconciliation Week celebrated the rich culture and history of Australia's Koori citizens.
- ^ How I remember "Uncle" Guboo
- ^ Newstead, Adrian, The Dealer is the Devil: An Insider's History of the Aboriginal Art Trade, Brandl and Schlesinger, 2014, p. 82
- ^ a b 1985 interview with Gubbo Ted Thomas
- ^ Ian West Parliamentary speech
- ^ Newstead, Adrian, The Dealer is the Devil: An Insider's History of the Aboriginal Art Trade, Brandl and Schlesinger, 2014, p. 80
- ^ Geomantica 35
- ^ Aboriginal Cultural Association with Biamanga and Gulaga National Parks
- ^ Newstead, Adrian, The Dealer is the Devil: An Insider's History of the Aboriginal Art Trade, Brandl and Schlesinger, 2014, p. 79
- ^ Bega Valley Region Old Path Ways And Trails Mapping Project
- ^ a b Indigenous kinship with the Natural World in New South Wales (for which Guboo was interviewed just days prior to his death)
- ^ Video Interviews - Killer whale stories - Kouri Whaling - Guboo Ted Thomas
- ^ Popular Music: Commemoration, Commodification and Communication
- ^ Selected bibliography of material on the Yuin languages and people
- ^ The 1967 Referendum
- ^ IAA Conference 2001
- ^ Newstead, Adrian, The Dealer is the Devil: An Insider's History of the Aboriginal Art Trade, Brandl and Schlesinger, 2014, p. 81-83
- ^ Newstead, Adrian, The Dealer is the Devil: An Insider's History of the Aboriginal Art Trade, Brandl and Schlesinger, 2014, p. 81
- ^ Lenka's puppets
- Guboo, man with a dream, Sydney Morning Herald
- Guboo Ted Thomas: 1909-2002, Terry Fox, Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2002


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SA Consumers need an immediate rate cut
Interest rates need to be cut by 1% immediately to help already overburdened consumers, kick start the stricken property market and restore consumer confidence.
Rhys Dyer, CEO of ooba (formerly MortgageSA) says that South Africa should follow international lead and cut rates at the next monetary policy meeting in December.
"South Africa has been successfully growing a middle class which is becoming the backbone of the economy," states Fourie. "But, high interest rates are threatening to undermine our progress because of the onerous debt servicing burden.
"Consumers are struggling and clearly need help. Rates need to be cut 1% to stave off further pain and ensure as many South Africans as possible can keep their homes, a primary source of wealth creation and many people's biggest investment."
Many countries around the world including Australia, Canada, China, Sweden and Switzerland have all cut interest rates. The UK has cut interest rates to a 53 year low of 3%, US interest rates have been slashed to 1% and Japan cut their interests rates for the first time in 7 years to stimulate their faltering economies.
"Globally the rate cycle has turned and to keep rates high in the face of an international economic meltdown is not the right tack for South Africa.
There are signs everywhere that consumers are already very distressed with consumer confidence at an all time low. Car sales have dropped, consumer credit extension has fallen sharply and house sales volumes are down by around 50%.
The most recent oobarometer showed a 6.6% year-on-year drop in house prices.
"While cutting interest rates may not solve all of South African consumer financial problems, it will go a long way to restore consumer confidence and breathe life into the faltering housing market.
"Rates should to be cut now."
ooba (formerly MortgageSA) welcomed the 0.5% interest rate cut announced yesterday by the South African Reserve Bank which will save South African home owners an estimated R259m in home loan repayments each month, but says more cuts are needed.
According to a new poll by South Africa's leading property listings website, nearly a third of home hunters decide that a property is right for them before they even enter the house - and a kitchen is overwhelmingly the most important room when it comes to the buying decision.
Propertygenie.co.za has entered into a partnership with fractionalownership.co.za to provide access to the latest fractional ownership listings which will be available from the 12 December, 2008.
South Africans spent over R10 billion during the festive season last year. This year ooba suggests carefully planning your holiday season spending to avoid a financial hangover in January 2009. "Festive season debt can take months to pay off in the new year," says Jenny Rushin, Provincial Sales Manager for ooba (formerly MortgageSA).
Weak economic conditions, higher interest rates and the global credit crisis have forced banks to be far more picky about who they will lend money and less generous with their lending rates. But Mary Jane Lefevre, Regional Sales Manager of ooba, said that before you apply for a home loan, there are steps you can take to improve your credit status and encourage lenders to look more favourably on your application.
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I tried ooba despite not knowing anybody that has gone through a bond originator. The process isn't over yet, but so far it is the best decision I've made. Efficient, amazing service. You always know what is going on and guided me through the entire process.
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"Thanks to ooba for their great service, I will definitely recommend you."
"Thank you for promptly sorting out the issues we have been having."
"You are a very professional person to deal with. Thank you for your efficient and excellent service."
"Baie dankie vir jou vriendelikheid."
"ooba is really going out of their way to assist us here."


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PHILADELPHIA University of Pennsylvania women's squash player Kristen Lange played her way into the finals of the College Squash Association (CSA) Individual Championships Saturday with upset victories in the quarter and semifinal rounds.
Lange swept No. 2 seed Lily Lorentzen (9-7, 9-3, 9-0) in the quarterfinals of the Ramsay Division. In the semifinals, she pulled off another sweep. This time over No. 6 seed Neha Kumar (9-4, 9-2, 9-0). Sunday Lange will play No. 1 seed Kyla Grig at 1 p.m.
In the Holleran Division, fellow freshman Christina Matthias advanced to the semifinals with a win over Jennifer Coxe, 3-0 (9-5, 9-5, 9-7). She lost in her semifinal match to Fernanda Rocha, 3-0 (9-3, 9-4, 9-6).
In the Ramsay Division Second Round Consolation play, Sydney Scott beat Joann Lee, 3-0 (10-8, 9-3, 9-5) in the quarterfinals. In the semifinals, she beat Casey Riley, 3-2. Scott lost Games 1 and 2; 9-5 and 9-4. She went on to win the final three games; 109, 9-6, and 9-3. Scott plays Alia Aziz in the finals at 10:30 a.m.
Tara Chawla and Paula Pearson also played in the second round consolation draw. Chawla lost to Aziz, 3-1 (9-6, 10-9, 2-9, 9-1). Pearson fell to Lauren Polanich in the quarterfinals, 3-0 (9-3, 9-2, 9-5).
Check back Sunday for final round results. Click here for updated results and brackets.


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January 12, 2016
This time I am back with my Bangla to Hindi converted song of Kishore Kumar. This a very popular and loved song amongst bengali's for its very naive evergreen lyrics of first love. Tuned by Shyamal Mitra, the MD of "dil aisa kisine mera toda" song. The background music is another asset of this song. Hope you will also like the bgm.
Song: kuch batein thhe ankho mein (Kichu katha chilo chokhe - bengali)
Film: Kalankini (1981)
Lyrics: Pulak Banerjee
Music: Shyamal Mitra
Orig singer: Kishore Kumar
Original bengali song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcpoTcRgUO0
Hindi lyrics:
kuch batein thhe ankho mein
-------- Some words were in your eyes]
kuch batein thhe muh mein
-------- some words were in your mouth]
na janoo kiun mujhe
-------- Don't know why ]
aaya ye dhun man mein
-------- [this tune came in my mind]
laj bhara wo tumhari madhur ha(n)si
-------- That shy-filled lovely laugh of yours]
mere dil mein uchhla jaise bansi
--------- sounds like a flute in my mind]
tumahari woh katha swapna ki paree-katha
--------- Talks about you are like that of angels in dream]
na janoo kaise dil bhari uthi ye kaun sukh mein
-------- Don't know how my mind is filled up with this unknown happiness]
kya hota prem maisuz na kiya aage
-------- What is love, I never realised before]
isliye aaj khud ko pyara lage
-------- That's why I started liking myself]
yehi toh pratham jeevan mein phagun aayi]
--------- This is the first time love has come in life]
holi ka rang se rangeen ye kaun roop mein
--------- in this unknown form coloured with the colors of "Holi"]
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Doyle Sails Loft seminar - Electronics Tues night
by Sail-World on 13 Oct 2008
. .
Doyle Sails Loft is running a seminar tomorrow Tuesday, October 14 from 7.00pm at the Doyle Sails Loft, Neild Avenue, Rushcutters Bay, Sydney. Included in the evening will be a computers and programs talk for onboard sailing by Frank Walker and a presentation by Jeff Lenton on laptops and hardware on yachts.
Computer and software demonstrations on the packages will be available for viewing on the night.
This is part of the 2008 Doyle Sails Seminars series and John Hearne, from Doyle Sails Rushcutters Bay explains what the aim of the seminar series is.
'The focus is to help people – broaden people's skill levels with their boats. We can run seminars and we can talk about sails all the time but that doesn't really help (them) all that much.
'We've been running our new, more broadly based, Doyle Sails seminars for the last three months.
'We brought Richard Bouzaid from New Zealand to bring another skill level and sail design level into the seminars. He's been with Team NZ and Alinghi and the Volvos – he knows what's going on.
'Our last seminar was on IRC; we had a Naval architect talk on this subject and we all learned a lot.
'Our next one is tomorrow Tuesday. Everybody keeps talking about these computer programs, Expedition and McSea and Internet on boats, it's hard to find out information about them – so we thought we would invite our customers and bring in people who know a lot about the programs to answer questions for them.
'Later in the year we've got a weather expert coming in – and then we've got a navigation person coming too. The aim is that by the time our clients get to Hobart, they should know a little more about sail trimming, making their boat fast, how to use the electronics, how to read the weather and how to make a race plan for the navigator.
'And we bring in things about sails– it is put on by Doyles – we are trying to give added value to our customer.
'Generally we have tried to keep the numbers down, because in sailing, you get a large cross section of skill levels. We get better feedback and better quality of questions when they're (our seminars) are not too big.
'We want to get the word out there – and if people want us to go to clubs and put on our information seminars, we will. '
To enquire, or for further information phone: Doyle Sailmakers on Sydney 9361 4836.
Website: www.doylefraser.com
If you want to link to this article then please use this URL: www.sail-world.com/49583
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In their quest to provide all sailors with the ultimate in quality, skills and service, Doyle Sails Australia proudly announce Neville Wittey has joined their Sydney Loft.
Posted on 20 Mar 2007
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Question: For 2014 and 2013 compute return on sales ROS asset
For 2014 and 2013, compute return on sales (ROS), asset turnover (AT), return on assets (ROA), leverage (L), return on common stockholders' equity (ROE), gross profit percentage (GP), operating income percentage (OI), and earnings per share (EPS) to measure the ability to earn profits of Yard & Garden Decor, Inc., whose comparative income statements follow (use DuPont Analysis for ROA and ROE, and round each component ratio to three decimals; for other ratio computations, round to two decimals):
Additional data:
Did the company's operating performance improve or deteriorate during2014?
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Additional data:
Did the company's operating performance improve or deteriorate during2014?
View Solution:
Answer to relevant QuestionsGuling Legal Services, Inc., ended 2013 with cash of $15,000. During 2014, Guling earned net income of $75,000 and had adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations totaling $8,000 (this is a ...Refer to the data in Exercise 1-22A.Assume the Island Coffee Roasters Corp. ended the month of August 2015 with these data:Requirement1. Prepare the balance sheet of Island Coffee Roasters Corp., for August 31,2015.Evaluate the common stock of Mark Distributing Company as an investment. Specifically, use the three common stock ratios to determine whether the common stock increased or decreased in attractiveness during the past year. ...Comparative financial statement data of Robinson Optical Mart follow:Other information:1. Market price of Robinson common stock: $88.17 at December 31, 2014, and $77.01 at December 31, 20132. Common shares outstanding: ...Suppose Time Warner, Inc., is having a bad year in 2014, as the company has incurred a $4.9 billion net loss. The loss has pushed most of the return measures into the negative column, and the current ratio dropped below ...
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Series: The Ecotravellers' Wildlife Guide Series
497 pages, Col and b/w illus
Contains more than 500 colour illustrations of the most common fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals to be found in such areas of southern Mexico as the Yucatán Peninsula, Oaxaca, Chiapas and Tabasco. It also provides identifying, location and conservation information on the most frequently spotted animals and presents up-to-date information on the ecology, behaviour, and conservation of the families of animals to which the pictured species belong.
This, the third volume in an excellent series directed at environmentally aware/sympathetic travellers, follows the same format as the previous two providing an excellent guide to the most frequently encountered vertebrates and marine wildlife of southern Mexico. - IBIS (2000) "...he gives 80 pages of bird-family profiles, taking in both ecology and behaviour, then follows with 50 pages of glorious plates, each with its facing page synoptic information including information and habitat notes. The big, big plus, however, is that he gives the same treatment to amphibians, reptiles and mammals. This should see to it that you do not miss out on the non-avian wonders that Mexico has to offer. Take [this book] with you." - BIRDWATCHER'S YEARBOOK (2000) "Two of the Ecotravellers' Guides have already been reviewed in BTO News and this one certainly maintains the excellent standard. A brilliant idea combines much information on the habitats and natural history of the area, sites to visit, 21 mouth-watering photos of the habitats and 104 plates and descriptions illustrating everything from jellyfish to jaguars, reef-fish to red-eyed tree frogs and rattlesnakes to quetzals." - BTO NEWS (September/October 1999) "Moving from the urban to the wild, a new breed of guidebooks focuses on flora and fauna (and not in the way Harold Gatty did). Tropical Mexico grew out of its nature-loving author's frustration that 'I could not locate a single book to take along on a trip that would help me identify all the types of animals that really interested me.' So Beletsky wrote one that did. ...Combining natural history -lore, habits, best places to spot each creature- with pointers on specific sites and background on the state of conservation in the region today." - Jennifer Howard in THE WASHINGTON POST (June 1999) "...anyone planning a trip to Mexico and looking for general information on the more common reptiles, amphibians and mammals occurring there need look no further: the book provides a useful summary of the species most likely to be encountered." - Richard Webb in BIRDING WORLD (May 1999)
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Float Tube Worries
View Single Post
Senior Member
Join Date: Oct 2012
Location: Pittsburgh
Posts: 572
Re: Float Tube Worries
Originally Posted by
Rip Tide
I turn to see a seal's face right at my elbow....Close enough that it could have licked me.
Needless to say, I screamed like a little girl
At least I am not the only one who has done something like this. I feel a lot better!
Well, it seems like it is pretty universal. I need to address the irrational things like snapping turtles and snakes but be aware of a real issue like sinking like a rock.
If you guys hear a loud-pitched scream at some point this summer, you know it was me reacting to something like seaweed hitting the back of my leg.
---------- Post added at 12:32 PM ---------- Previous post was at 12:19 PM ----------
Originally Posted by
I hope this isn't taking you off topic, but have you given any thought to a canoe, or perhaps one of the light pontoon boats.
After stepping on treble hooks, two different times, while wading out there in my tube, I elected to go with canoes, and now have both a light 17' Kelvar Seda, that I can load on a TALL F250 4x4 Crew cab, and a considerably heavier 18' Wenonah that takes two of us to load, but seats both my son & I.
There are many options out there that would make for fewer worries for you!
I have looked at those. I do not have access to a truck and the biggest vehicle I happen to have is a Nissan Sentra. I do not have anyplace to put a canoe at my house.
That said, I was thinking about one of these two options:
1. The Venture Outdoors VOModular® 5G:
Venture Outdoors - Pontoon Boats
2. The Porta-Bote:
I really like the Porta-Bote but there is no freaking way I will spend the amount of money they want for that thing. But I can hang it on my garage wall and carry it on the side of my car!
I am looking for something that is CHEAP and VERY PORTABLE and VERY LIGHT. Neither of these satisfy everything.
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Makeup & Hairstyle: Vero Makeup Artist
Clothing and Apparel Concept : Cristian Axenoi-Panescu
Photography: Sebastian Purice
Makeup & Hairstyle: Vero Makeup Artist
Clothing and Apparel Concept : Cristian Axenoi-Panescu
Photography: Sebastian Purice
Hey guys, a new year with a fresh start is always healthy so I've kept busy and creative lately in order to deliver a makeup look that I haven't tried before.
Therefore, I was inspired by my friend's marsala sweater and tried on some colors that I would normally not choose for winter makeup especially in january. But, because snow hasn't showed up yet, I guess shades of chololate brown with shades of marsala red highlighted with icy shimmery white shadow made the perfect combo. Here are pictures of how this cocktail turned up. Enjoy!
Photograpghy: Cristian Axenoi-Panescu
Model: Livia Ioana
Thank you for stopping by and until my next post, stay happy and beautiful!
Vero Makeup Artist
Hi Everyone!
I hope you all spent wonderful moments on Christmas this year because I for one, had the best in years. But as times flies when you are having fun, New Year's Eve party is around the corner.
Everybody wants to look good and unique at the New Years's Eve party whether it's the clothes, the shoes or the makeup. For this year, I chose this glam/sophisticated yet natural look that complements both younger and older ladies.
For the eyes I chose three shades of blue eye shadows. On the bottom layer I dashed some matte dark blue, on top of that I dashed some shimmering lighter shade of blue, on the outer corner I smudged some dark gray and on the inner eye I dotted some metallic blue eyeliner just to get that sparkling touch.
For the face and cheeks I used Artistry makeup products (Exact Fit Foundation, Mineral Powder, 3D Powder). Light contour your cheecks with bronze loose powder and some rosewood cheek blush but try to keep it clean and simple because you know the rule "less is more" especially on a night like this.
The lips should stay in a neutral tone because we want to emphasize the eyes this time. Try light shades of pink, chocolate, peach, coral.Thank you guys for checking this makeup out and hopefully you will find it inspiring.
May your 2017 New Year's Eve bring you a new wave of happiness, hope, health, grace and last but not least, fun!
Makeup: Vero Makeup Artist
Photography: Cristian Axenoi- Panescu
Model: Livia Ioana
Happy New Year! 🙂
Greenery, Pantone's new color of the year 2017!
Source: Lime green pop art makeup
Model: Livia Ioana
Makeup Artist: Vero Makeup Artist
Photography Credits: Cristian Axenoi-Panescu
Thank you for stopping by guys and if you liked this makeup look, please like, share & comment :)! Have a great day! :*
Vero Makeup Artist
Hi guys,
Last day of summer is finally here but that doesn't mean our summer spirit is over yet. Most of you by now are pretty bronzy 🙂 , so am I actually, so I came up with this "sun-kissed" face glow makeup with light contouring so much as to highlight the cheeks, forehead and the tip of the chin.
For the eye makeup I chose shimmer shadows which emphasize tanned skin and brown eyes especially gold, dark gray, light brown, pale gold and copper.
I chose shimmery instead of matte because I find matte colors rather dull for sun-kissed skin but I enjoy matte lip colors such as light brown, chocolate or nude especially if you like to balance the shimmery shades of your eye makeup.
For contouring I used – Artistry® Limited-Edition 3D Face Powder – Sun-kissed which gives you the shimmering glow of sun-kissed, radiantly illuminated skin. This multi-effect powder highlights, brightens, and adds dimension to your complexion. For the cheeks I used Artistry Signature Color® Blush, shade Golden Light. For a final touch, I used Artistry® Signature Eyes Volume Mascara® – Black added in three layers. I hope you guys find this look inspirational and as flattering for a tanned skin as I do.
Have a great day guys and feel free to share and comment!
Vero Makeup Artist
Hei guys!
Summer is kicking and vibrant colors are finally out of the closet. I 've always been fond of colors such as lilac, purple, blue, pink and green so this time I've created a cut crease makeup style in shades of blue and lilac.
I used black liner for the bottom lash line for a better contour but I left the upper lid clear in lilac because I didn't want to turn it into a smoky eye look. I emphasised my crease cutting it in shades of blue (matte and shimmer) and I added three coats of volume mascara.
The brows are lightly colored in brown with a brow pencil but you can always use a little eye shadow in a similar color as your natural hair.
My lips are contoured with a nude lip pencil and the lipstick is a mixture between a light shade of pink and a dab of beige lip gloss on top. The cheeks are lightly colored in a shade of rose pink and for the face contouring I used the 3d powder that I've already presented to you in my other post. All products used in this look are from the makeup brand Artistry.
Thank you guys for visiting and I hope you find this makeup style fun for the summer of 2016 :).
Have a wonderful day!
Vero Makeup Artist
Hi guys!
I have recently bought this new makeup color pallete from Artistry Signature Color Edition of 2016 in cool shades called Plumberry just to keep up with the hot summer days and nights.
This makeup style is appropriate for all daily occasions and it surely complements all skin types and eye colors. The blue shade lip gloss is from Pacific Lights Collection ARTISTRY called Tropical. This lip gloss lights up when you open it and it has a little mirror on the side so you can better see what you're doing when night time falls in. It also has a sheer texture which won't affect or change your lip undertone.
So girls, If it's too hot outside for you, this lip gloss has a minty flavour which will certainly cool you down a little :).
I also used a natural shade of fluid foundation and a mineral powder in medium shade from Artistry. The 3 D powder lightly contours the face in natural tones giving that nude face tone altogether.
Thank you guys for stopping by! Have a wonderful week and stay tuned for more summer makeup ideas.
Vero Makeup Artist
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Lasso selection in Calendar
Visits (4049)
I think this could be of interest for other customers so I decided to improve the sample I provided on this forum and post it on this blog.
In its initial post Tucsonjhall is mentioning a nice implementation of marching ants selection marquee: http
I added this component to the sample. Another improvement is that the renderer bounds are used instead start/end time to determine if an item is selected, ie. the item renderer must be entirely in the selection rectangle to be selected.
To use the sample, just click in the background of the calendar sheet while maintaining the Ctrl key and drag the selection. The Ctrl modifier is used to keep the time slot based selection, but you can disable it (all
The selected items are displayed in real time.
The source code is available here and you will need the Marc
Of course more improvements can be added like auto-scrolling for example but I think it's already quite nice.


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- respond
I. noun
Etymology: Middle English respounde, literally, reply, from Anglo-French respuns, respunt response
Date: 15th century
an engaged pillar supporting an arch or closing a colonnade or arcade
II. verb
Etymology: alteration of Middle English respounden, from Anglo-French respundre, from Latin respondēre to promise in return, answer, from re- + spondēre to promise — more at spouse
Date: 1572
intransitive verb
1. to say something in return ; make an answer <respond to criticism> 2. a. to react in response <responded to a call for help> b. to show favorable reaction <respond to surgery> 3. to be answerable <respond in damages> transitive verb reply • responder noun
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.


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Sabine National Forest Vacation Packages
The area around Sabine National Forest is dotted with cultural and natural attractions, from firm tourist favorites to hidden gems that lay slightly off the beaten path. Some interesting places within a relatively short distance of Sabine National Forest are Many, 25 miles (40 kilometers) to the west, and Kenilworth, 25 miles (40 kilometers) to the west.
Rent a vehicle and spend half a day in Nacogdoches, a regional center, located some 45 miles (72 kilometers) from Sabine National Forest. The place has a number of visitor attractions, for example Stephen F. Austin State University, William R. Johnson Coliseum and Woodland Hills Golf Club. Nacogdoches has much of interest for those willing to delve a little deeper. Homer Bryce Stadium and Stone Fort Museum are just a couple of the other sights you won't want to miss.
The most rewarding places for tourists to visit when they arrive in a place they have never been are the spots that provide a picture of the local culture. Don't skip Piney Woods' history museums.
Relax in Piney Woods' waterways and enjoy popular watersports such as fishing or canoeing.
If you intend on arriving and departing by air, take into account that the handiest major airport is Shreveport Regional Airport, 65 miles (105 kilometers) to the north of Sabine National Forest.


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A Jedi hunter was an individual tasked to hunt down and kill Jedi. Grievous, a Kaleesh general in the Confederacy of Independent Systems, was trained in the art of lightsaber combat and would claim the lightsabers of Jedi he slew as trophies.[8]
The Inquisitorius were the Galactic Empire's Jedi hunters, trained by Darth Vader to use the dark side of the Force and to wield double-bladed spinning lightsabers as they assisted in the extermination of the Jedi.[9][10]
Non-canon appearancesEdit
- Star Wars Rebels: Beware the Inquisitor!
- Star Wars Rebels: Sabine My Rebel Sketchbook
- Star Wars Rebels: Fight the Empire
- Star Wars: Absolutely Everything You Need to Know
- Ultimate Star Wars
- Admiral Kassius Konstantine in the Databank (First identified as Jedi hunter)
Notes and referencesEdit
- ↑ Eighth Brother in the Databank
- ↑ Fifth Brother in the Databank
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Grand Inquisitor in the Databank
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 General Grievous in the Databank
- ↑ Seventh Sister Inquisitor in the Databank
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ahsoka
- ↑ Star Wars Rebels – "Fire Across the Galaxy"
- ↑ Ultimate Star Wars
- ↑ Star Wars Rebels: Beware the Inquisitor!
- ↑ Star Wars Rebels – "Rise of the Old Masters"
In other languages


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Our founder's love affair with the Cape began as many great relationships do, from afar. He sailed around the most beautiful coast in the world in 1974, and although he never set foot on land, he knew he had to return. And so he did. Twenty years later, with South Africa on the brink of a new future, he returned to build Ocean View House.
Starting with only six rooms, the venue quickly expanded and eight more were added within a few years. In 2005, his daughter, Katrin, came aboard and continued the family tradition. Since then, Ocean View has expanded to 24 rooms, offering guests an unmatched holiday experience.
Katrin is the living embodiment of the allure of Ocean View and the Cape. Having first visited in 1997 as a young student from Germany, she subsequently found herself studying Hotel Management at Cape Technikon. After qualifying, she quickly made her way into the hospitality industry before returning to where it all began and taking over the management of the House.
Ocean View House continues to be a family business with Katrin's husband, Lambert, overseeing all building and renovations, he is also renowned as Ocean View House's 'Master of the Braai'.
"It is just so rewarding that we have so many guests who return time and time again. While many of them start off as guests who come on the recommendation of their friends, they soon become our friends," says Katrin.


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"Misdiagnosed fracture to ankle"
About: Sittingbourne Memorial Hospital Sittingbourne Memorial Hospital ME10 4DT
Posted by Anonymous
Advised that my daughter should walk on her foot when she obviously couldn't weight bear and sent off with crutches only to be rung back 3 days later with a misdiagnosis of a fracture to the ankle and advised not to put weight on it and that both nurse practitioners and radiologist both missed the break because it was difficult to see it.
However, when I saw the consultant even me with an untrained eye could see it was fractured.
The team have very poor diagnostic skills and I would not recommend anyone to go there if there again.
Perhaps they need more training?
Response from Sittingbourne Memorial Hospital 16 months ago
We are sorry to hear that you are unhappy with the delay in the correct diagnosis of your daughter's fracture following her visit to the Sittingbourne Minor Injury Unit in February.
We take the concerns you have raised very seriously and the service would like to investigate further.
Please contact them on 01795 473547 to discuss in more detail.
Best wishes
Customer Care Team
Kent Community Health NHS Foundation Trust
Tel: 0300 123 1807
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com website: www.kentcht.nhs.uk
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Jenny Brewer – Formally Jenny Peers – I got married in March 2015, changing my surname to match that of my wonderful husband!
I am currently working as a UI artist for Radiant Worlds, based in Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire.
Previously, I was at Lionhead Studios in Guildford, Surrey. I was hired as a contract UI artist in 2011 after graduating with a First BA (hons) in Computer Games Design from the University of Wales, Newport. I was promoted to a full time employee working with both internal and external teams on a range of different projects. My primary responsibility was to create high quality, innovative and visually pleasing UI systems. Alongside this, I created marketing and promotional assets for various platforms such as key art, social media, and merchandise.
I have developed a number of websites and graphic design work for a range of businesses and individuals, both local and worldwide. Originally started to help support my studies, in recent years it has become an occasional weekend hobby.
In my spare time I enjoy playing video games, some of my favourites include the early Spyro the Dragon games, Fable, Borderlands and The Witcher series. I also enjoy digital painting and showing my creations on my blog. I enjoy listening to music, my favourite band being The White Stripes. When I'm away from my computer, I can usually be found modifying and washing my car, playing electric guitar or in the kitchen experimenting with recipes! I am also rather fond of pandas!


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 17, 2012
|Filing date
|Dec 19, 2005
|Priority date
|Dec 19, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Martin Handforth, Guy Duxbury, Larry Marcanti
|Original Assignee
|Rockstar Bidco, LP
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Referenced by (4), Classifications (7), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to managing radio link handover in a cellular wireless environment. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and system for selecting optimum base stations for operating range and data throughput within any small cell wireless system.
Within cellular networks, handover of a mobile station from one base station to the next occurs via either soft handoff or hard handoff.
An individual base station has finite reach and finite bandwidth that result in deployment of multiple physically or directionally separated base stations to serve large areas or where there are high counts of active mobile stations. Multiple base station signals covering a common physical point may be separated into wireless cells by frequency band, time slots, spreading codes, spatial selectivity, or combinations of these four techniques.
When an active mobile station with a single radio moves from one cell to another, the mobile station has to switch between cells while it is within the region where the two cells both have coverage. This is done in order to minimize gaps in communication. With current technologies, either the mobile station will initiate the cell association transition when communications begin to fail on the existing link, or the mobile station will be commanded by the cellular network to change at what it believes is the appropriate time to the next frequency, timeslot, spreading code, or spatial selection in order to communicate with the new targeted cell.
Depending on the radio technology selected, the mobile station may only be able to communicate to just one cell at a time. In that case the previous cell connection must be dropped before the connection is made to the new cell. These types of cell-to-cell changes are termed a hard handoff, so called because once the handover is started there is no going back—i.e., there is no "soft time" when the radio client is communicating to more than one cell where the system could decide to move back and forth several times between the cells.
Where the mobile station is managing the changeover, it can take considerable time (i.e., several seconds), especially in a crowded radio frequency (RF) band, to search for the next best cell with which to communicate. There are also smaller delays associated with negotiating with the next cell for communication rights. During this time, if the system is only capable of hard handoffs, communications are lost If the mobile station has the ability to communicate with more than one cell at a time an alternative handover technique can be used where before communications are dropped to the old cell, communications are initiated and setup completed to the new cell.
Soft handoffs are typically used on large cellular networks with cells covering many kilometers, the delay associated with searching for the next best cell is largely eliminated by having a central controller determine when is the optimum time and which cell is next to be used while the mobile client is still communicating on the old cell. The time to change cells is determined by measuring the wireless loss between the mobile client and all cell towers that detect the mobile stations signals. The relatively slow fading of the signals in such a system allows sufficiently accurate predictions as to when the mobile station will reach the effective edge of the existing and new cells. Although rough location of mobile clients is determined by the same mechanisms, the algorithms are power and time trend based rather than location based.
An example of a technology where soft handover can be done without going to the expense of having a completely duplicated radio section is Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) where the signals from more than one cell can be separated from within in single frequency receive band. The mobile station has a single RF receiver that converts radio frequency down to baseband, but assigns a specific spreading and despreading code to each user. These codes allow the required signals to be separated from other signals by correlation.
In addition to the use of spreading and de-spreading codes commonly a "rake receiver" with multiple narrow band filters (fingers) is used. This allows strong interference signals to be eliminated but also allows more than one adjacent cell to operate on the same frequency if each cell base-stations rake settings are coordinated to be different to adjacent cells. The single RF receiver picks up all of those that are within range allowing communication to more than one cell at a time
Commonly, when the active mobile station is about halfway between two base stations, the mobile station handles transport of data back and forth to the cell along with actively looking for other cells. When the mobile station finds a base station with sufficient signal strength, the mobile station informs the network accordingly. The network might decide at that point to route the call through both base stations simultaneously such that the handoff process happens in multiple steps when the active mobile moves from one cell to another. First the mobile station notices a receiving base station, which then begins to carry the call in addition to the originating base station. As the mobile station continues to move, eventually the signal strength from the originating base station will drop to the point where it is no longer useful. Again, the mobile station will inform the network of this fact and the originating base station will be dropped in a soft transition. Thus, such a transition is termed soft handoff.
Typical soft handover systems require a centralized handoff control system with extensive knowledge and control of all base stations. This is not always practical especially when working within a large number of low cost standalone base-stations are used. Some current technologies which normally do not include a centralized handover mechanism are WiMAX, WiFi, WirelessMAN™, ZigBee™. WiFi� is a short range low cost best effort wireless data networking standard based on IEEE Standard 802.11. Typical WiFi� data rates are around 3 Mb/s but in excess of 100 Mb/s is targeted. ZigBee™ is a wireless networking standard based on IEEE Standard 802.15.4 that is aimed at remote control and sensor applications and is suitable for operation in harsh radio environments. WiMAX and WirelessMAN™ protocols are currently defined through IEEE Standard 802.16 where a wireless metro area network (MAN) provides network access to buildings through exterior antennas communicating with central radio base stations. The wireless MAN offers an alternative to cabled access networks, such as fiber optic links, coaxial systems using cable modems, and digital subscriber line (DSL) links.
Conventional handover techniques over time, allow more radio inter-cell transfers to occur than necessary and that reduces overall network efficiency. Further, conventional wireless networks utilize a large number of base station radio links where momentary radio links can cause disruptions to both data throughput and management of data flow through the network.
Loss of signal in many small cell applications can be of significant consequence. For example, real-time video feed from a mobile wireless video camera for surveillance applications can require significant amount of memory buffering and consequent latency in order to be able to prevent such loss of signal resulting in data corruptions. It would therefore be desirable to provide a mobile station handover in a small cell environment in a more predictable manner similar to soft handoff to alleviate fading problems, resultant signal degradation, or communications failure in terms of, but not limited to, complete loss of signal.
When cells become much smaller i.e. have individual cell coverage areas under a km in diameter (micro-cell), or even just a few meters in diameter (pico-cells), the radio transmissions when exposed to the typical multiplicity of dynamic elements which reflect and shadow significant amounts of RF power, the location of the usability edge of cells becomes very much more difficult to determine by conventional signal power loss techniques. In such cases, signals may fade to nothing in a fraction of a second or over just a couple of meters. Especially with micro-cell and pico-cell systems, knowing exactly where to initiate handoffs becomes critical and requires a more accurate mechanism than is currently available in large cellular systems. This applies to both systems with hard handoffs and systems with soft handoffs.
It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate at least one disadvantage of previous handover techniques especially within small cell networks. The present invention provides improved handover that can be used where a mobile station is traveling closely to a known path at limited speeds. Moreover, the present invention involves generating and using an electronic map indicative of switching points for optimized handover.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide a method of managing handover within a radio cellular environment, the method including: determining an identification of a mobile station that is known to normally follow a predetermined route corresponding to the identification; comparing the identification with a database having stored maps of known route segments including a list of base stations along each of the known route segments; and assigning a preferred sequence of base stations corresponding to one or more of the known route segments along the predetermined route.
In a another aspect, the present invention provides a method of optimizing a managed handover technique within a radio cellular environment, the method including: determining an identification of a mobile station traveling along a path, the mobile station having no previous history of base station connectivity; as the mobile station establishes a connection with a base station, associating, based upon the base station being used by the mobile station, the identification with a known route selected from a database having stored maps of more than one the known route including a list of base stations along each the known route; as the mobile station disconnects from the base station and connects to a subsequent base station, storing historical information regarding the base station and the subsequent base station; comparing the base station and the subsequent base station to the list of base stations along the known route in order to identify one or more of the known routes that include both the base station and the subsequent base station; repeating the storing and comparing steps for further subsequent base stations, until only one of the known routes remains and corresponds to the path traveled by the mobile station; determining whether a direction of travel of the mobile station along the path is forward or reverse along the known route that corresponds to the path; identifying one of the stored maps from the database that correlates to both the direction of travel and the known route remaining that corresponds to the path traveled; and assigning a preferred sequence of base stations corresponding to the one of the stored maps for all further connections with the mobile station along the path.
In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for managing handover in a radio cellular environment, the system including: a centralized communications center having a base transceiver, a central server, and a database; a mobile station having one or more transceivers capable of communication with the centralized communications center via one or more base stations, the mobile station being assigned a preferred sequence of the one or more base stations corresponding to one or more known route segments along a predetermined route followed by the mobile station.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figures.
Generally, the present invention provides a method and system for managing radio link setup and disconnect between base stations and subscriber stations. The present invention alleviates disadvantages of especially small cell wireless protocol that do not have handover protocol. The present invention avoids use of conventional handover techniques so as to prevent excessive radio links from occurring. The present invention is useful, among other applications that will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art of networking, in applications where the subscriber station (e.g., mobile station) follows a known route that has a series of base stations along and beside the same route. The present invention includes methods for selecting the optimum base stations for best operating range and data throughput. Ideally, the present invention assists in reducing control traffic as such control traffic often reduces actual payload capacity. The present invention also minimizes or substantially eliminates association time to perform handover that, for example in IEEE 802.16(d), can be around 15 seconds. The present invention also substantially eliminates short-term connections in the network and optimizes data throughput to each mobile station.
Broadband wireless in small cell protocol settings (e.g., 802.16) includes a variety of applications. However, for purposes of clarity, the illustrative embodiment discussed herein will be drawn to the security application of real-time video on city busses within a downtown core. Such security video application is a high bandwidth system transmitting in real time over a wireless system where fading rates must be kept low for real time dependable video links. Learning, or deducting, the preferred routes in order to predict fading and use the most appropriate choice of base station is a desired goal of the present invention, as is minimizing the number of base station radio links used. This increases overall efficiency, radio resource usage, and prevents loss of links. Specifically, momentary radio links cause disruptions to data throughput and management of data flow through the network. The present invention allows the use of radio protocol standards that do not have handover protocol as part of the standard. While such specific implementation is discussed in terms disruptions to a video security application on city busses, it should be readily apparent that the present invention is intended for any other application operating within an environment with rapid and unpredictable fading and should not be considered limited to a bus security application.
With regard to
The MSS 121 operates in communication with sensor mechanism such as, but not limited to, a video camera 122. As appropriate to the security application of the present invention, the video camera 122 is discreetly located for viewing occupants of the bus 120. It should be understood that more than one security camera may be used within the bus and may be co-located with any other type of sensor mechanism including, but not limited to, noxious gas detectors, infrared heat sensors, or any device capable of detected a security-related characteristic within or near the bus 120. For purposes of clarity, such devices are not further described herein. The video camera 122, or any related device, is coupled to the MSS 121 by any means that provides a high data transfer capability. This may include hard wiring or wireless communication transmitter within the video camera 122, or device, via a low range wireless protocol.
As the bus 120 travels along its route, the MSS 121 also moves along such known route. Base stations 130, 140, and 150 are located within the radio cellular environment 100 along the possible bus routes illustrated generally by streets 170. A centralized communications center 110 exists within the radio cellular environment 100. The centralized communications center 110 may function within a closed network or may be connected to the Internet, public switched telephone network (PSTN), local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), metro area network (WAN), or any one or combination of networks. The centralized communications center 110 includes at least a base transceiver 111, a central server 112 with appropriate processing capability, and a database 113 for storage of route information. The base transceiver 111 is in wireless communication, via a small cell protocol as discussed hereinabove, with base stations 130, 140, 150. It should be understood that a variety of configurations may exist in an actual physical setting in a cityscape, but for purposes of clarity only three base stations and a single T-intersection are shown in
With reference to the simplified radio cellular environment 100 shown in
In terms of the radio cellular environment 100 as a whole, the resources related to radio links 162 and 163 can be considered duplicative and disruptive. This is readily apparent if one considers the path of the bus 120. If the bus were to travel in the direction from base station 130 to base station 150, there would be no need for any use of radio link 162 because handover would ideally occur from radio link 161 to radio link 163. Alternatively, if the bus were to make a right turn and then travel in the direction from base station 130 to base station 140, there would be no need for any use of radio link 163 because handover would ideally occur from radio link 161 to radio link 162. In actuality, the path of the bus 120 is normally a known route. For example, an East-bound #1 bus may take the known route from base station 130 to base station 150, while a South-bound #2 bus may take the known route from base station 130 to base station 140. The #1 bus would therefore have a certain predetermined and known route uniquely tied to its identifier (i.e., #1), while the #2 bus would therefore have a different certain predetermined and known route uniquely tied to its identifier (i.e., #2).
In accordance with the present invention, the known routes are correlated to the sequential list of base stations to be used during the travel of the bus 120 through its corresponding route. As should be apparent from
Because the bus 120 passes the T-intersection rather momentarily, even a temporary loss of signal could be tolerated given the predictability of the known route and the impending link setup with radio link 163 as the bus travels towards base station 150. In such instances of such a temporary loss of signal, it would be well within the intended scope of the present invention to provide a memory buffer on-board the bus 120 integrated or otherwise coupled with the sensing device (i.e., video recorder 122) and/or the MSS 121. Such on-board memory buffer would also be part of on-board memory as a whole that would provide storage of the sequential list of base stations. Further, the on-board memory may be capable of storage of one or more of the sequential lists of base stations depending upon the preferred route used by any given bus. In this way, a single bus may be used for any one of several known routes where the sequential list of base stations may be selected given the route identifier.
In further accordance with the present invention, a collection of all known routes and the related sequential lists of preferred base stations can be centrally stored at the central communications center 110 within a database 113. Such stored known routes may be in the form of route maps, look-up tables, or any suitable storage format. The known routes may also be broken into smaller segments, or steps, that would correspond to unalterable sections of any given known route. In this manner, centralized computing intelligence at the central server 112 can build a map from known route segments and provide such map to the MSS 121 such that the MSS 121 follows a sequential list of preferred base stations by way of a managed handover along a chain of each base station in the list. It is well within the intended scope of the present invention to provide the central server 112 with the computing intelligence to recombine known route segments to build maps that may vary according to the path of the bus. Building such varying maps may be done in several ways including, but no limited to, real-time reassessment of the bus' geographical location, speed, direction, or time-of-day, or exigent circumstances, or any other similar variable that may require route deviations on-the-fly.
The computing intelligence would preferably be located at the central server in order to reduce the amount of control data sourcing from the MSS 121. However, some level of computing intelligence may exist on-board the bus 120 such that one or more known route segments may be utilized to if the bus were to deviate from the known path associated with its identifier at a time when loss of signal to the central transceiver 111 occurs. Such occurrences could of course be the result of an unexpected or unwanted deviation of the bus 120 from its path. In such instances, maintaining the radio link and related transfer of video and/or any other sensed data would be a priority.
In operation, the method in accordance with the present invention includes handover along a route to provide wireless access along the route.
As the bus 120 moves and the corresponding MSS traverses along the known route applicable to the given MSS, the MSS will look for the next BS-ID in the known route sequence. Once the next BS-ID is found, the MSS establishes a new radio link with that BS and will ignore any other radio links. In terms of
As mentioned, each MSS follows a known route where the known route can be considered a series of repetitive steps within an environment of multiple radio links. Each step may be represented by traveling a certain distance in a certain direction for a certain period of time at a given rate of travel. When two or more such steps are repeated in series, they therefore from a predictable route. While such routes may in fact deviate slightly due to traffic, construction, or some other obstacle or situation, only a portion of the route would use a differing step from the known route. Such a detour along the route could be permanent, temporary, or varied in term. Deviation from the known route may of course be related to a host of variables including, but not limited to, time of day, weather conditions, or emergency situations.
Each known route and its constituent series of steps must initially be determined in accordance with the present invention. A training process would therefore be utilized within the present invention. During the training process, one or more MSS follow a repetitive route that has a series of base stations along and beside the route. Each MSS identifies the optimum base stations to use that provide best reach and data throughput. It should be noted that best reach and data throughput may not mean that the base station with the strongest signal is identified. Rather, identifying the most appropriate base station for any given MSS should also consider the path taken by the MSS.
For example, turning a corner may enable an MSS to identify a weaker base station and a stronger base station. However, due to the direction of travel of the MSS, the weaker base station may strengthen as the MSS travels towards it. Likewise, the stronger base station may then fade as the MSS travels away from it. This would result in the preferred base station for handover receipt actually being the base station that was weaker at the time of turning the corner. The inventive training process would identify all such situations and effectively create a map of which base station to use along any given route. The map may be a stored list of a series of base stations. Each map may have slightly differing versions that allow for the possible deviations mentioned above along any given known route. Still further, each map may be reversible such that a route can be traveled in reverse with the knowledge of the appropriate series of base stations. Such reversible maps would be useful in terms of inbound and outbound busses traveling along the identical streets.
The training process therefore produces maps of each known route traversed by the MSS that identifies each appropriate base station to use to ensure robust operation of broadband service between the MSS and the network. Because each MSS may likely only travel one particular path with some possible list of deviations, only a small group of known paths and related stored maps are needed for any given MSS. In terms of a bussing schedule, a downtown express with an 8:15 AM start time and 9:30 AM finish time may only require, for example, five or six possible paths. Each path would be determined by a training process to form the five or six known routes stored as maps. Each of the five or six maps would preferable be stored onboard the MSS. Because the same bus may be used for other routes, the onboard storage of the MSS would therefore be rewritable such that each MSS is programmable. Collectively, multiple maps for many different known routes and their respective deviations would exist. The collective maps would reside on a central server.
During the training process, the MSS would write the data forming a map to a central server for central storage. Training on a different route would therefore collectively add to the data to form the collective maps centrally stored on the central server. Once all routes are mapped and stored, the training process becomes a lesser function of the present invention. Only situations where new routes due to, for example, revisions to demographic changes or expansion to city infrastructure and related revised bus schedules would require a new training process to occur. Once all known routes and deviations are mapped and stored with regard to the appropriate base station sequences, the present invention would manage handover throughout the entire network in a predictable and efficient manner. Fading and related loss of signal could therefore be controlled and minimized. This is due to the information regarding the most appropriate link handovers being passed to the network to enable data throughput optimization when there are more than one MSS linked to a base station or more than one base station linked to an MSS.
It is also an important feature of the present invention that any MSS can obtain a priority bandwidth for emergency services. This can be accomplished by using the centrally stored map information for the known routes and their constituent segments, or steps. For example, a bus (i.e., MSS) may significantly deviate from its typical known route especially during an emergency. In such instance, the MSS will request a priority bandwidth. The priority bandwidth may require identification of a new map including a base station sequence that deviates from any previously mapped and stored known route. The new map may be instantiated based upon the MSS location, path, speed, or other relevant information alone or in combination, and formed from the various known steps within each known route. This would require processing intelligence at the central server in conjunction with a location detection means.
The processing intelligence could be in the form of a central processing unit (CPU). The location detection means may be in the form of a global positioning system (GPS) device; in-road sensor element such as, but not limited to, buried resonance coils; wheel rotation measurement devices; triangulation computing devices; or any similar mechanism or combination of mechanisms that can sense the location, path, and route of the MSS and convey such information to the processing intelligence. Further, the location detection means may be also be of the type disclosed within U.S. Pat. No. 6,965,827 issued to Wolfson, herein incorporated by reference.
The training process of the present invention may be an adaptive training with or without GPS. The initial bus trip training includes switching to discovered base stations with the strongest signal as and when fading requires a change. In addition radio link parametrics are stored in the central database (element 113 in
Alternatively, a flexible route operation with GPS is possible. In a flexible route operation, an optimum radio link for any given MSS can be modified for varying routes as long as each section (i.e., segment) of the route taken has been mapped by a previous bus route. When a path change is detected the database is searched for an optimum path to radio link mapping for that route subsection (i.e., route segment). Modification of selected links in terms of the preferred sequence of base stations can occur due to knowledge of proximity of other buses. Moreover, the inventive methodology can be further modified to include allowing for base station loading from other MSSs. With reference to
As shown, transceiver 310 and 320 are connected to a controller 330. The transceivers 310 and 320 may function under any radio cellular protocol operating within the radio cellular environment of the present invention. The controller 330 may include a multiplexer for Internet protocol (IP) packet routing along with a multimedia communications server (MCS) and/or IP-Based multimedia subsystem (IMS) for policy control, session control, and quality of service (QoS) control. As previously described, the MSS 121 may involve some level of on-board intelligence 350 that may be in the form of a database and CPU. The on-board intelligence 350 could store known route maps and/or segments for any given known route or portions of known routes related to the given MSS-ID assigned to the MSS 121 where differing bus routes would equate to differing MSS-IDs. Further, a location detection means 350 is also shown connected to the controller 330. Preferably, the location detection means 350 is a GPS device and is therefore shown with related radio link.
The processing intelligence in accordance with the present invention may also provide for bandwidth and channel allocation to each MSS based on overall network load sharing to optimize performance. In such instance, the information obtained by the location detection means along with the stored maps regarding the known routes can be used to manage load sharing. Moreover, it should be understood that the processing intelligence in combination with the location detection means can be used in either the initial training processes for each MSS route or in updating or augmenting the centrally stored maps via further training. It is also within the intended scope of the present invention to provide a training process that can augment the centrally stored maps in such a manner so as to eliminate or change a base station from any given route where that base station causes a reduction in data throughput to the network (i.e., bus community).
As mentioned above, GPS may be utilized to locate the bus in its location along. The location and relative movement of the bus can therefore be determined with information using GPS or AGPS if the MSS incorporated an AGPS-capable cell phone or was otherwise AGPS-capable.
When used with radio systems capable of a soft handover a secondary set of adaptively determined absolute or relative locations may be defined to allow the separation of when negotiations with the new cell are commenced and when actual data flows should be transferred to the new cell. This allows initial negotiations to start closer to the edge of the new cell where signal to noise ratios are not sufficient to achieve the desired data rates but are sufficient for the negotiation process. Alternatively a soft handover could be commenced from a single set of locations and the data transfer time determined by a combination of one or more methods such as the completion of negotiations with the new cell, a predetermined time delay or a speed of travel related time delay.
In order for the present inventive method and system to function, several loops should exist in terms of information control.
Additionally, an information control loop may directly exist (e.g., on a direct control channel) for direct data exchange between the on-board control system and the central control system. The direct control channel may exist by a separate radio within or in conjunction with the MSS on the bus. Direct human intervention may also be required from time to time such that information control loops should exist between the bus driver and the on-board control system and as between the system operator and the central control system. Implementation of all such information control loops is well within the understanding of one versed in computer information technology and is not discussed further herein. The information control loops can be configured to provide system management and optimized handover in several ways. Three such ways are shown by way of
Ongoing location and relative-location information is determined using (at C3) technologies such as GPS, cell phone network Assisted GPS (AGPS), wireless transit beacons, the busses odometer and time. Where GPS inaccuracies are significant, relative movement knowledge determined by the bus's odometer can be used to give an improved accuracy. This is done by tracing along the route from known accurate locations (such as areas where GPS is known to have good coverage) or from known features that can be detected in the location information (such as turning corners or stops at known bus stops). The time to instruct the radio to change cell association can be determined from when the bus approaches the pre-determined tabled radio change locations on the route. The change times may be further refined by taking into account the busses travel speed and the exact lane it is traveling in. When the cell switching time is reached, the radio is instructed to make the change. The identity of which cell to connect to next is already known from the tables (at C6, C7, C8, and C13) and the cell switching (at C9 and C10) can be done without searching the air for the best connection.
At all times, the cell radio receiver (at C11 and C12) can report parametric information on the quality of the link. This can be used to further refine (at C14 and C15) the switching times and prevent non-optimum linking to cells that are delivering non-typical performance. This information can be logged and correlated against the bus's location on the route. The stored switching tables can be adjusted by analyzing signal strengths, connectivity durations, and achieved data rates in an iterative fashion for the next time the bus takes that route. Statistics from the bus and from the networked wireless equipment can be fed to a central management system for record keeping and future system improvement work. Additionally, centrally known changes to routes due to road works, weather conditions, equipment failures, and other bus route effecting parameters could be transmitted to the bus (at C16) and included in the switching table optimization.
The system shown in
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are intended to be examples only. Alterations, modifications and variations may be effected to the particular embodiments by those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
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|Dec 19, 2005
Owner name: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITED, CANADA
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Owner name: DNA 13 INC., CANADA
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text: I have an Inspire 1 available that was not flown that many times. Model A I believe. No accidents. Maximum care! As new! Including brand new Polar Pro Filter set of three. Comes with two TB47 batteries in total. in total 6hr flights...I believe just under 60 flights. $2200 shipped within US, but would prefer face to face in Oregon. Located in Portland. Terms: net to me, paypal fees, shipping/insurance on buyer,


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Kongsberg Maritime Engineering (KME) has signed a contract with Gina Krog LLC, a subsidiary of Teekay Shipping AS, for supply of an Integrated Control and Safety System (ICSS) and Power package to the Gina Krog FSO (Floating Storage and Offloading) unit, to be delivered to the Statoil operated Gina Krog field on the Norwegian continental shelf, North Sea.
Teekay recently entered an agreement with Statoil to provide the FSO for the Gina Krog field. The $220 million conversion project is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2017, before the newly converted FSO unit will commence operations under a time-charter contract to Statoil.
With delivery due to start Q2 2014, KME's project scope includes design, engineering, manufacturing, testing and supply of all materials, equipment, accessories and tools required for the complete ICSS, Medium Voltage Switchboard, Low Voltage Switchboard (440VAC / 230VAC), thruster transformers, thruster drives, thruster motors and 230VAC distribution, for installation and operation on the FSO.
Kongsberg Maritime
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