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Proteomic analysis of endothelial cold-adaptation
Understanding how human cells in tissue culture adapt to hypothermia may aid in developing new clinical procedures for improved ischemic and hypothermic protection. Human coronary artery endothelial cells grown to confluence at 37°C and then transferred to 25°C become resistant over time to oxidative stress and injury induced by 0°C storage and rewarming. This protection correlates with an increase in intracellular glutathione at 25°C. To help understand the molecular basis of endothelial cold-adaptation, isolated proteins from cold-adapted (25°C/72 h) and pre-adapted cells were analyzed by quantitative proteomic methods and differentially expressed proteins were categorized using the DAVID Bioinformatics Resource.
Cells adapted to 25°C expressed changes in the abundance of 219 unique proteins representing a broad range of categories such as translation, glycolysis, biosynthetic (anabolic) processes, NAD, cytoskeletal organization, RNA processing, oxidoreductase activity, response-to-stress and cell redox homeostasis. The number of proteins that decreased significantly with cold-adaptation exceeded the number that increased by 2:1. Almost half of the decreases were associated with protein metabolic processes and a third were related to anabolic processes including protein, DNA and fatty acid synthesis. Changes consistent with the suppression of cytoskeletal dynamics provided further evidence that cold-adapted cells are in an energy conserving state. Among the specific changes were increases in the abundance and activity of redox proteins glutathione S-transferase, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, which correlated with a decrease in oxidative stress, an increase in protein glutathionylation, and a recovery of reduced protein thiols during rewarming from 0°C. Increases in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase implicate a central role for the methionine-cysteine transulfuration pathway in increasing glutathione levels and the NAD salvage pathway in increasing the reducing capacity of cold-adapted cells.
Endothelial adaptation to mild-moderate hypothermia down-regulates anabolic processes and increases the reducing capacity of cells to enhance their resistance to oxidation and injury associated with 0°C storage and rewarming. Inducing these characteristics in a clinical setting could potentially limit the damaging effects of energy insufficiency due to ischemia and prevent the disruption of integrated metabolism at low temperatures.
Hypothermia is utilized in several clinical situations. Moderate-to-deep hypothermia (32°-15°C) is the primary method for delaying ischemic injury in patients during cardiovascular
Many organisms, from prokaryotes to plants and animals adapt to a range of temperatures and remain viable. Poikilotherms and mammalian hibernators adapt to cold and become resistant to injury from more prolonged and severe hypothermia and ischemia. Interestingly, the cells of non-hibernating mammals adapt to mild-moderate hypothermia in tissue culture
The aim of the present study was to characterize the cold-adapted state and the potential role of GSH in endothelial protection at 0°C. We performed quantitative proteomic analyses of human coronary artery endothelial cells collected before and after 72 h of culture at 25°C and classified the changes in protein abundance using the DAVID Bioinformatics Resource
Analysis of changes in protein expression at 25°C
In order to characterize further the array of proteins altered during endothelial adaptation to cold, we used a label-free liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based method
Table 1
Changes in protein expression following cold-adaptation as determined by LC/MS-based label-free protein quantitative analysis.
Protein priority
Peptide ID confidence
Multiple sequences
Number of proteins
Number significant changes
Maximum absolute fold change
Number increasing at 25°C
Number decreasing at 25°C
169 (15.5%)
50 (4.6%)
4 (0.04%)
81 (7.4%)
304 (27.9%)
102 (9.4%)
202 (18.5%)
A total of 1089 proteins were identified by LC/MS and 27.9% of these had significantly increased or decreased in abundance following 25°C/72 h. Priorities 1-4 were assigned based on confidence in peptide identification (High and Moderate) and whether or not there are multiple amino acid sequences (Yes or No) identified. Please see references
Additional file 1
Summary of identified proteins. Each protein is listed with its Rank, significant change between control and cold-adapted cells (Signif; Yes or No), Priority, Protein_ID, Protein Name, fold-change (Fold; positive represents an increase in cold-adapted cells; negative represents a decrease), % ID confidence of the best sequence (%ID), qValue (comparing control to hypothermia-treated), mean of control (mean_C; n = 5), mean of cold-adapted (mean_H; n = 5), % Coefficient of Variation (%CV; standard deviation/mean), number of peptides quantified (Peptide#) and peptide sequence with highest ID confidence (Best_Sequence). A detailed description of the parameters are in
Click here for file
To aid in the interpretation of the experimental findings, the accession numbers were uploaded to the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources website
Table 2
Selected GOa biological process classifications of proteins differentially expressed in HCAECs following cold-adaptation.
# of Proteins
Gene ontology categories
Primary metabolic process
1.4 × 10-3
Macromolecule metabolic process
1.9 × 10-3
Gene expression
3.0 × 10-6
Biosynthetic process
1.7 × 10-3
Catabolic process
9.9 × 10-2
5.1 × 10-12
Protein metabolic process
3.9 × 10-5
Macromolecular complex assembly
2.2 × 10-3
- ∞
Ribonucleoprotein complex assembly
5.3 × 10-5
RNA processing
1.1 × 10-9
mRNA metabolic process
3.6 × 10-7
2.8 × 10-28
Intracellular transport
1.1 × 10-2
- ∞
Protein folding
1.8 × 10-2
- ∞
Unfolded protein bindingf
5.0 × 10-5
Cell proliferation
3.3 × 10-2
3.5 × 10-2
Structure-specific DNA binding
2.5 × 10-2
Cytoskeletal organization
1.5 × 10-5
Actin filament-based process
2.5 × 10-8
Microtubule cytoskeletong
3.3 × 10-2
Oxidoreductase activityf
5.1 × 10-2
Cell redox homeostasis
6.4 × 10-3
8.9 × 10-2
Proteins were classified using the Gene Functional Annotation Tool of DAVID bioinformatics resources. a. Gene Ontology; b. Ratios are negative where the number of proteins down-regulated at 25°C (# DN) > the number of proteins up-regulated at 25°C (# UP) and positive where # UP > # DN; c. % = the number of proteins in this category out of 178 proteins; d. Modified Fisher Exact P-value (probability of obtaining this many differentially expressed proteins in the category by chance); e. Fold-enrichment; f. GO
Additional file 2
Summary of biological process, molecular function and cell component categories that changed significantly with cold-adaptation. Each GOTERM or SP_PIR_KEYWORD is listed with the protein count, percentage of the total (178 proteins), P-value, gene identifiers, number of genes in the category, total number of genes and fold-enrichment.
Click here for file
Figure 1
Glycolytic proteins that were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C
Glycolytic proteins that were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C.
Two parameters used in DAVID,
Oxidative stress and protein oxidation/reduction
Figure 2
Proteins that participate in redox reactions and were significantly up- or down- regulated at 25°C
Proteins that participate in redox reactions and were significantly up- or down- regulated at 25°C.
To determine if cold-adapted cells have an increased capacity to reduce oxidized proteins, confluent endothelial cells were cultured at 25°C for 72 h or maintained at 37°C (controls) and protein thiols (PSH), protein glutathionylation (PSSG) and free glutathione (oxidized, GSSG and total, tGSH) was measured immediately before or after exposure of cells to 0°C and subsequent rewarming. HCAECs are strongly susceptible to oxidative injury induced by 0°C exposure and rewarming
Figure 3
Effect of cold-adaptation (25°C/72 h) and cold storage (0°C/48 h) on protein and non-protein thiols
Effect of cold-adaptation (25°C/72 h) and cold storage (0°C/48 h) on protein and non-protein thiols. (A) Cold-adaptation prevents the significant loss of protein thiols (PSH) that occurs during cold storage/rewarming (*
To determine if the Trx-TrxR and GSH-GST systems are functionally more active in cold-adapted endothelial cells, Trx, TrxR and GST activities were measured in cells adapted to 25°C for 72 h and in 37°C control cells before and following 0°C storage plus rewarming. Figure
Figure 4
Effect of cold-adaptation (25°C/72 h) and cold storage (0°C/48 h) on thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and GST (glutathione S transferase) activity
Effect of cold-adaptation (25°C/72 h) and cold storage (0°C/48 h) on thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and GST (glutathione S transferase) activity. (A) Cold-adaptation increases Trx activity before or after 0°C storage (*
NAD metabolic proteins
The molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD plays a central role in linking the energy producing catabolic reactions of the cell with the maintenance of redox homeostasis
The phosphorylated and reduced form of NAD, NADPH, provides the reducing equivalents for GSH and thioredoxin reduction that bolsters the cell's resistance to oxidative stress. Several NADP(H)-dependent enzymes changed significantly in abundance during cold-adaptation. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A1), an NADP+-dependent enzyme, increased at 25°C (Figure
Proteins that regulate gene expression
Cold-adaptation induced significant changes in the abundance of proteins that organize chromatin, bind to RNA and DNA, and regulate transcription and translation (Figure
Figure 5
Proteins that may regulate gene expression and were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C
Proteins that may regulate gene expression and were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C.
Response to stress proteins
Figure 6
Response-to-stress proteins that were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C
Response-to-stress proteins that were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C. (Note: the complete list for Oxidoreductase Activity is in Figure 2).
Cytoskeletal proteins
The proteomic findings indicate that there were significant changes in the cytoskeletal organization of cold-adapted cells, including changes in the abundance of 36 proteins associated with microtubule, actin filament and intermediate filament networks (Figure
Figure 7
Cytoskeletal proteins that were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C
Cytoskeletal proteins that were significantly up- or down-regulated at 25°C.
Thirteen out of 17 proteins associated with actin filament (F-actin)-based processes were up-regulated in cold-adapted cells (Figure
Other changes included a cold-induced increase in the type III intermediate filament (IF) proteins vimentin (VIM) and peripherin (PRPH) that form a third class of cytoskeletal network (Figure
Oxidative stress and protein oxidation/reduction
Differential proteomic analyses of endothelial cells collected before or after cold-adaptation at 25°C demonstrated significant changes in the abundance of proteins that regulate redox homeostasis or have oxidoreductase activity. The increase in thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase correlated with the increase in their respective activities and with the recovery of reduced protein thiols following rewarming from 0°C, conditions that generate oxidative stress and endothelial cell damage
Endothelial cold-adaptation at 25°C is accompanied by a significant increase in intracellular GSH
NAD metabolic proteins
The increase in GSH/GST and Trx/TrxR activities requires the availability of reducing equivalents from NADPH. Cold-adapted cells had a significant increase in Nampt, the rate-limiting enzyme in NAD synthesis from nicotinamide
Figure 8
Hypothetical changes in the energy metabolism of cold-adapted endothelial cells
Hypothetical changes in the energy metabolism of cold-adapted endothelial cells. The rate-limiting enzyme, phosphofructokinase (PFK), was down-regulated at 25°C and potentially redirects the carbohydrate flux into the pentose phosphate pathway for increased reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. Aldolase (ALDOA, ALDOC), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK1), enolase (ENO1, ENO2, ENO3), pyruvate kinase (PKM2). were up-regulated at 25°C, implicating a possible inflow of intermediate metabolites, like glycerol, into the glycolytic pathway. The increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA, LDHAL6A, LDHAL6B) suggests that cold-adapted endothelium may have a greater reliance on aerobic glycolysis and a lesser reliance on mitochondrial respiration for their energy requirements. 6-PGL, 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone; 6-PG, 6-phosphogluconate; G-3-P, glycerol-3-phosphate; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; 1,3-DPG, 1,3-diphosphoglycerate; 3-PG, 3-phosphoglycerate; 2-PG, 2-phosphoglycerate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate.
Cold-adapted cells had a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA, LDHAL6A and LDHAL6B), which reduces pyruvate to lactate. This step diverts pyruvate from further oxidation by mitochondrial respiration and regenerates NAD+ to facilitate more glycolysis. The reduction of pyruvate despite the availability of oxygen is known as the Warburg effect or
Proteins that regulate gene expression
Cold-adaptation induced significant changes in the abundance of proteins that regulate gene expression. Histones and histone modifications, such as methylation or acetylation, play an important role in regulating transcription by modifying chromatin structure
Histone methylation mediates short-term chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression (
Additional findings point to an overall decrease in transcription and translation at 25°C. There were significant decreases in the abundance of proteins associated with transcription initiation, mRNA elongation, processing and nonsense-mediated decay, and stress granule assembly. The inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase has been shown to disrupt DNA and RNA synthesis
Response to stress proteins
YB-1 and CSDA are two nucleic acid-binding stress proteins that contain a central
Cold-adapted cells had significantly higher levels of 14-3-3 proteins zeta/delta (Figure
Cytoskeletal proteins
The adaptation of endothelial cells to cold induced significant changes in the abundance of cytoskeletal proteins that implicate diminished microtubular and actin networks, an expanded intermediate filament network and modified cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The actin cytoskeleton underlies the plasma membrane to provide support, resist tension and maintain cell shape. However, it is a highly dynamic structure that responds to environmental stimuli and rapidly reorganizes to change cell shape, form membrane protrusions, (such as lamellipodia and filopodia for cellular locomotion), or form stress fibers (bundles of radially oriented actin-filaments cross-linked with myosin motor proteins) for retracting the plasma membrane. The proteomic findings suggest that there is a significant reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to the reduced temperature. Decreases in actin nucleation and cross-linking proteins (ARPC3
Microtubules consist of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers and form robust structures that are resistant to bending or compression
In contrast to diminished microtubular and actin-filament networks, there was a cold-induced increase in type III intermediate filaments (IFs; Figure
Cytoskeletal changes such as those noted above are frequently mediated through changes in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and our study indicates that similar processes are occurring with cold-adaptation. Cdc42, a Rho GTPase that regulates actin cytoskeletal remodeling in response to environmental signals, increased significantly at 25°C. Activation of Cdc42 preserves the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions
Lipids/lipid fluidity
Organisms that successfully adapt to cold change the lipid composition of their cell membranes to maintain membrane fluidity and function with decreasing temperature. Some cold-induced membrane changes observed in fish are an increase in the proportion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, an increase in fatty acid chain length and an increase in the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine
In addition to a direct effect of cooling on membrane fluidity, there may be an indirect effect that is caused by cold-induced oxidative stress and peroxidation of unsaturated lipids. The lipid peroxidation products 4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde have been shown to increase the rigidity of cell membranes
Comparisons to earlier proteomic studies
This study was performed using a well-validated label-free mass spectrometry-based method
Differential proteomic analysis of endothelial cells collected before or after cold-adaptation at 25°C demonstrated significant changes to a broad range of biological processes and a new phenotype of enhanced redox protection and down-regulated anabolic and energy-consuming processes. The principal findings are depicted in Figure
Figure 9
Endothelial adaptive response to moderate hypothermia (25°C/72 h)
Endothelial adaptive response to moderate hypothermia (25°C/72 h). See
Central to the proteomic changes is the evidence of a regulated decrease in energy consuming processes such as protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and cytoskeletal dynamics. The net decrease in proteins associated with translation, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, RNA processing, mRNA metabolism and protein folding at 25°C is consistent with a generalized cold-induced inhibition of protein synthesis described by others
Cell culture
Proliferating human coronary artery endothelial cells (Clonetics; passages 4 to 8) were seeded at a density of 1.4 × 104 viable cells/cm2 (6-well culture plates, 12.5 cm2, 25 cm2 or 75 cm2 culture flasks; Falcon, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey) and were maintained at 37°C (95% air + 5% CO2) in culture medium (EGM2-MV; Clonetics). Cells formed a confluent monolayer after 3 to 4 days of culture and were then used in experiments. Cells were adapted to cold at 25°C for up to 72 h in a water-jacketed incubator (3.8% CO2 + 96.2% air) and the culture medium was replaced with fresh medium every 24 h. Controls consisted of confluent cells collected at the start of the adaptation period or following continued maintenance at 37°C for up to 72 h. For cold storage, cells were washed with Hank's balanced salt solution, flasks received endothelial basal medium (EBM-2, Clonetics) and were immersed in a circulating water bath at 0°C.
Label-free protein quantification method
A large scale quantitative proteomics experiment was performed using a well-validated label-free mass spectrometry-based method
Bioinformatics analysis
IPIs of Priority 1 and 2 proteins were converted to UniProt Accession numbers using the EMBL-EBI PICR Service,
Measurement of protein thiols (PSH) and mixed disulfides (PSSG)
Confluent HCAEC from T-75 flasks were rinsed twice with HBSS and scraped in 1.5 ml of 5% TCA in 10 mM HCl with 5 mM EDTA. Protein pellets and non-protein supernatants were separated by centrifugation and stored at -80°C until analysis of protein thiols (PSH) and mixed disulfides (PSSG) using the method described by Nagy
PSSG levels were determined in the reaction mix comprised of 0.1 ml sample, 0.9 ml of 125 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 (with 6.25 mM EDTA) containing 0.1 mM DTNB, 0.03 mM NADPH and 20 μl of glutathione reductase (25 units per ml). The absorbance was measured at 412 nm after 10 minutes of incubation at room temperature. PSSG levels in samples were calculated from a GSH standard curve (0.5 - 10 μM) run under same conditions.
Glutathione determination
Confluent cells were washed two times in HBSS and then lysed in 500 μL of 125 mM sodium phosphate buffer with 6.3 mM EDTA and 2% Triton X-100. Protein was removed from lysates by precipitation with 500 μL of metaphosphoric acid (10% w/v) and centrifugation at 14,000 ×
Measurements of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activity
Confluent HCAECs from T-75 flasks were scraped and resuspended in 0.15-0.5 ml of assay buffer and cell lysates were prepared by sonicating samples two times on ice (10 seconds, amplitude of 40) using an Ultrasonic Processor. Insoluble materials were removed by centrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 20 minutes at 4°C and supernatants were used to measure enzyme activities and total protein concentrations (Micro Bicinchoninic Assay Kit; Pierce Thermoscientific). Thioredoxin (Trx) activity in samples was determined using an assay kit (Redoxica, Littlerock, AK) and following the manufacturer's recommendations. Briefly, Trx activity was determined by measuring the rate of depletion of NADPH at 340 nm in the presence of oxidized insulin and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Reaction blanks with each sample were run without the insulin substrate to determine Trx-independent NADPH depletion. Positive controls consisting of thioredoxin supplied with the kit were run to validate the assay. Reaction rates were calculated from the slopes of logarithmic plots of A340 nm versus time (in min). The difference in reaction rates between the samples and corresponding reaction blanks represented Trx activity and was expressed as nmoles of Trx activity/min/mg protein.
TrxR activity was measured using an assay kit (Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). The assay is based on measuring the rate of reduction of DTNB (5,5'-dithiobis(2 dinitrobenzoic acid)) to a colored product by TrxR, in the presence of NADPH. TrxR-independent reduction of DTNB was determined by adding aurothiomalate (ATM), a specific inhibitor of TrxR, to the reaction mixture. TrxR activity was determined by measuring the difference in the rate of increase in absorbance at 412 nm between samples with or without ATM and was expressed in nmoles/min/mg proteins, using an extinction coefficient of 6.35 mM-1.
GST activities were assessed using an assay kit from Cayman and following the manufacturer's protocol. GST activity was quantified by measuring the rate of conjugation of reduced glutathione by GST to CDNB (1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene) at 340 nm and was expressed in nmoles of conjugated CDNB/min/mg protein, using an extinction coefficient of 0.0053 μM-1.
IPI: International Protein Index; UniProt: Universal Protein Resource; EMBL: European Molecular Biology Laboratory; EBI: European Bioinformatics Institute; PICR: Protein Identifier Cross Reference; DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery; GO: Gene Ontology; SP-PIR: Swiss Prot- Protein Information Resource.
Authors' contributions
MAJZ conceived of and designed the study, performed cell culture, data analysis and interpretation, bioinformatic analysis, and wrote the manuscript. MPG performed cell culture; measurements of protein thiols, mixed disulfides, oxidized glutathione, and total glutathione; measurements of thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase and glutathione S-transferase activity; and contributed to data analysis and interpretation. MW contributed to the design of the proteomic study and performed the label-free protein quantification. All authors reviewed and approved of the final manuscript.
We thank Heather Richardson for her help preparing the figures. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Methodist Research Institute and IU Health in funding this study.
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When talking to someone who is impartial about your situation, you begin to see things from a new perspective, which was good because your personal problems don't seem to heavy like they were weighing you down. They seem more lighter. Only then you can face up to them and deal with them accordingly. Then you begin to open up to yourself and others, and start to forgive.
For me personally this is just the beginning of the end, or a new start in life and a new outlook on things! I am still dealing with situations and problems in every day life, like most people! I have gained back my confidence and self esteem, and I am now doing courses in computers and English language and will start meditation classes soon. I am also joining a lifestyles gym which will keep me fit and healthy.
Life is just great now, I am looking forward to other challenges on the horizon, but I would just like to say to anybody who finds themselves in a deep dark hole and can't get out. First of all, "don't phone the fire brigade! " because they are too busy. Just phone up Hannah of IM and they will give you a listening ear.
Thank you!
Response from Heather Clarke, Manager, Inclusion Matters 3 years ago
Dear Walks293
Thank you so much for this great open and honest feedback, I will ensure Hannah sees this.
It is particularly helpful that you have said how anxious you felt about attending but how positive your experience was and how the 6 sessions really made such a difference. This will undoubtedly help anyone else who is feeling similarly about starting therapy.
Hearing that life is feeling great for you now is wonderful. You have clearly worked hard to now be able to look to the future with so much confidence and enthusiasm, well done!
I hope your journey continues to be so rewarding and I wish you all the very best.
Oh and I love the advice about 'don't call the fire brigade, call IM instead!'
Kind regards and thanks again
- {{helpful}} of {{total()}} people think this response is helpful
- Was this response helpful? Yes | No
Thank you for your feedback.
See more responses from Heather Clarke

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- 01-Aug-2017 to 01-Nov-2017 (PST)
- Customer Service
- $10.50
- Hourly
- Full Time
Granada is Seeking Remote Customer Service Specialists who love to work at home in Tennessee!
Are you tired of having a bad case of the Monday's?
Come over to Granada! While we can't make, every day feel like a Friday, we do try our best to make your life a little easier through our Work at Home program!
We believe in enjoying life to the fullest!
At Granada, we believe that our staff works with us, not for us. Our goal is to find the very best talent who love what they do while consistently performing above client expectations and provide them with the best place to work (your home) so that both employees and clients continue to grow with us! Our virtual solution offers flexibility that you will never get from a brick-and-mortar office environment. Plain and simple!
Who We Are
Granada is a fast-growing outsourcing provider of client support services. We partner with each client, tailoring our services, to meet their specific business needs. These services range from customer service, data management, technical support, and sales, just to name a few.
What does it look like to be a Granada Customer Service Specialist?
- Take inbound calls
- Make outbound phone calls when necessary to call a customer back
- Handling each call with a can-do attitude, answering with tenacity, and handling with grace
- Think and act quickly while providing exceptional customer service
- It's not about you! By putting yourself in the customer's shoes to provide great service
- Answer each call with a smile, customers can hear you when you smile!
- Working each day with your team as one, investing in each other
What are the minimum experience requirements to be a Granada Remote Customer Service Specialist?
- 1 year call center experience
- 2 years' customer service experience
- Understanding of performance based metrics
- Proficient in the use of computer applications
- Able to troubleshoot when issues arise
- Above all, a desire to grow and succeed
- Bilingual is a plus!!
What are the work at home office requirements to work with Granada?
- A clean desk and quiet environment free of distractions to maintain your focus on providing exceptional service to your customer!
What are the minimum computer system requirements to work with Granada?
- Here is a link to our computer system and internet requirements: Granada Tech Specs
What can you expect from Granada?
Comprehensive benefits options to select from:
- Medical
- Dental
- Vision
- Life
- Accident Insurance
Competative compensation including opportunity to earn a monthly bonus
- $10.50 per hour
- Bonus potential of up to $4.00 additonal per hour
With a work from home model you have the potential to save on things such as:
- No gas costs to drive into work!
- No lunch expenses because you forgot to bring your lunch to the office!
- No getting stuck in traffic!
- Working in clothing that you feel comfortable in each day!
Hours of Operation
- Monday Thursdays - 7 AM - 9 PM CST
- Friday 7AM 8PM CST
- Saturdays - 8AM 4PM CST
- Colorado
- Florida
- Texas
- Georgia
- North Carolina
- Tennessee
If you meet or exceed our requirements please apply! We would love to hear from you!
**Find out more about Granada and our Work From Home Team go to
Aside from being one of the most stellar companies to work for, Granada is also an equal opportunity employer!
Be sure to check your junk/spam folders for emails from us after applying if you do not see one in your inbox. You will receive an acceptance email after submission of your resume!
This employer participates in E-Verify
Work from home, Call Center, North Carolina, Colorado, Texas, Florida, Georgia, Automobile, Insurance, Inbound, Work at home, Remote, Customer Service, Denver, Raleigh, Atlanta, Dallas, outbound calls, Advisor, service, customer, Casualty, policy, Tennessee, Agent, Advisor, Specialist, TN, CO, TX, GA, FL, NC, Nashville, San Antonio, Houston, Tallahassee, Orlando, Miami, Colorado Springs, Pueblo, Payment


text:
Articles tagged with: Oracle
Our tech giants Google and Microsoft has taken the patent war to next level and Twitter is the new war zone. Recently, Microsoft, along with Apple and Oracle collectively bought some 6,000 patents from Nortel inc.
In the mean time, Google bought around 1,000 patents from IBM. Microsoft, Apple and Oracle in a group known as CPTN paid $3.5 billion more than the predicted price for buying the patents.
In the tech industry, suing rival companies is not a big deal so its no surprise that Oracle sued Google.
According to Reuters, Hewlett-Packard is suing a former high-ranking executive who had recently left the company to join HP's rival, Oracle. HP claims that Adrian Jones stole hundred of documents from HP to share with Oracle. Adrian Jones was the former head of enterprise sales for the Asia region, and was accused of stealing documents and e-mails on a USB drive that contained valuable information about HP's products and customers.


text:
ParLinSys is a free module that supplements the library C++-Toolbox. ParLinSys computes verified enclosure of the solution set of parametric interval linear systems and an inner approximation of the solution enclosure. Current download version is ParLinSys 0.1 (released 011203). ParLinSys 0.1 is distributed under the terms of the GNU general public license. See the included file COPYING.txt. ParLinSys 0.1 requires the GNU C++ compiler gcc 2.95.2 and the libraries C-XSC and CToolbox (Release 2.0 beta and above).
Keywords for this software
References in zbMATH (referenced in 11 articles )
Showing results 1 to 11 of 11.
- Dehghani-Madiseh, Marzieh; Dehghan, Mehdi: Parametric AE-solution sets to the parametric linear systems with multiple right-hand sides and parametric matrix equation $A(p)X=B(p)$ (2016)
- Krämer, Walter: High performance verified computing using C-XSC (2013)
- Popova, Evgenija D.; Hladík, Milan: Outer enclosures to the parametric $AE$ solution set (2013)
- Hashemi, Behnam; Dehghan, Mehdi: The interval Lyapunov matrix equation: analytical results and an efficient numerical technique for outer estimation of the united solution set (2012)
- Zimmer, Michael; Krämer, Walter; Popova, Evgenija D.: Solvers for the verified solution of parametric linear systems (2012)
- Hashemi, Behnam; Dehghan, Mehdi: Results concerning interval linear systems with multiple right-hand sides and the interval matrix equation $AX=B$ (2011)
- Anguelov, Roumen; Popova, Evgenija D.: Topological structure preserving numerical simulations of dynamical models (2010)
- Popova, Evgenija D.; Krämer, Walter: Communicating functional expressions from Mathematica to C-XSC (2010)
- Popova, Evgenija; Kolev, Lyubomir; Krämer, Walter: A solver for complex-valued parametric linear systems (2010)
- Popova, Evgenija; Krämer, Walter: Inner and outer bounds for the solution set of parametric linear systems (2007)
- Popova, Evgenija D.: Improved solution enclosures for over- and underdetermined interval linear systems (2006)


text:
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text: McKenna Loves Flowers by Char | Apr 21, 2012 | 4 comments McKenna Loves Flowers. Submitted by Agoverseasfan Related 4 Comments Erica on April 21, 2012 at 7:56 pm So Pretty! I love how you did her hair, and it's so blond! qtlol10 on April 21, 2012 at 9:04 pm How did u do that!?!? agisthebest on April 22, 2012 at 7:06 am Erica- her hair is blonde because of the light in the picture, and sunlight. qtlol10- yes, HOW did you do that?? it is so pretty but looks sooooooooooooooooo hard!!!!! granof4 on April 24, 2012 at 12:23 pm Beautiful flower wreath in McKenna's braid, and more pretty flowers over her hair tie. I would say she definitely loves flowers! Submit a Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment Name * Email * Website Notify me of new posts by email.


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Portugal Place
07540 399586
Portugal Place
07540 399586
Portugal Place
07540 399586
Counselling & Psychotherapy:
Counselling and Psychotherapy creates a fertile environment for clarity, psychological healing and change. I believe therapy is a mutual creation, a space where we co-create a sense of who we are, what we want, and perhaps what we don't want. We will hear, as a full bodied experience, the impact of our words, imaginings and desires. Crucially, we will also get the chance to be critically reflective in the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship. This relationship is not like other relationships. You will be met with an aspiration of warmth, compassion and understanding, creating a trusting safe space for us to challenge our assumptions, beliefs, and relational habits. Our assumed knowing will reveal itself in a space where we get to concentrate on you, your dilemma, your distress, whatever you have sought therapy for. Above all else therapy is a healing and creative space where our sense of self can ebb and flow, shift and change into a more accepting vibrant existence.
As an experienced BACP registered therapist I have counselled clients across the generations, in a confidential space to explore problems in living such as:
relationship difficulties (inc romantic, friendship, family, work-related, present & historical)
anxiety & stress
divorce and separation
decision making & life choices
gender and sexuality
self-esteem and confidence issues
abuse - present & historical
health anxieties & illness
Therapy respectfully and compassionately, places trust in unconscious motivational forces to reveal what is limiting, hurting, and what matters to each person as an individual. Working in this way enables you to move forward in a safe and confident way. I believe in free will, choice, and that though our human angst can be natural, it can be hard to bear sometimes. My education, training and experience enables me to open up and explore some of the wider issues for you such as what it is to be human, how to identify meaning and value in life, and consider options and choices. I absolutely believe that each person has the ability to live life in an empowered way and I have aided clients through the task of becoming more the person they wish to be, living a life they wish to live.
I also offer Hypnotherapy as a way to engage in specific stress-related issues and the experience of anxiety. This is an evidence-based approach that has been approved by the British Psychological Society (BPS). There is nothing gimmicky or flimsy about the approach and it has nothing to do with popular 'stage-hypnosis' that you may have seen on the television. My person-centred approach to therapy goes very well with the practise of hypnotherapy because you are always in the driving seat, you are always awake and aware of what is going on. All hypnosis is necessarily self-hypnosis.
I offer non-trance hypnotherapy which is a form of active relaxation to aid you in your change process. Used in the context of addressing specific stress-related issues, anxiety and fear, this type of active relaxation is about creative visualisation and positive affirmation.
This is short-term solution focussed therapy and you may find that you only need 3-6 sessions to experience real improvement in whatever specific issue is holding you back. You need no special clothing and will be able to function fully immediately afterwards in order to get on with your day. You are free to re-engage in hypnotherapy for a different issue at any time and may find that experiencing relief in one issue may have a knock-on effect with other issues too.
Hypnotherapy is only offered in Trumpington (CB2) and costs £60 per 60 minute consultation, so please specify your wish for hypnotherapy when making contact about an appointment.
Couples Therapy:
Couples therapy can provide invaluable insight into the workings of your relationship, whether familial, friendship, romantic, marriage, heterosexual or same sex. How we relate to one another has a profound impact on our wellbeing and function in the world and choosing the option to look at it more deeply is a courageous step. Couples come to counselling for all kinds of reasons and do not have to wait until crisis point of staying or leaving is reached. Couples counselling is offered to any couple wishing to take a deep look at their relationship and its workings.
Whilst the past necessarily influences the present, my approach with couples is to work in the here and now and explore the intricate dynamic between you such as - what habits of relating do you have individually and together? What patterns have you fallen into? What matters to you most? How do you hear one another? Where are you not hearing? What do you want from each other? What are you experiencing in your body as you relate to each other? These are all possible questions that may be implicit if you choose to embark upon couples counselling, and I look forward to exploring with you whatever seems difficult in your relationship right now.
How to choose your counsellor:
Contemporary research tells us that the counselling relationship itself, is the key to good therapy, and so it is important, that you feel able to confide in the therapist and trust the process of therapy itself. That can be challenging as it takes time to build a safe, trusting and productive relationship. Choosing a therapist can be a daunting task and you are encouraged to listen carefully to your own reaction and felt sense when choosing. Begin now, in this moment, to trust your inner experience as you begin this journey into self-awareness and personal development. By listening to yourself even at this first stage, will already begin to aid your change process. And it is my aspiration and task to be open to the unfolding nature of our relatedness during our work together.
Bringing together my training as a therapist, experience as a personal development trainer, and studies in Philosophy, means my style of therapy is like a one-to-one personal consultancy, tailored to you and your needs, to help you find a way forward, with an aim for you to work towards what really matters in your life. I am skilled in critical reasoning and compassionate listening - a powerful combination which may aid you through muddle and confusion.
How many sessions will you need?
The number of sessions is entirely in your power. For counselling & psychotherapy some clients find that 10 sessions is enough to address their concern and find a way through. Others find 20-30 sessions helps identify and address more ingrained issues and habits that seem to impede their life somehow. There are other clients that see this kind of therapy as part of their ongoing self-care and personal development and we can find ourselves working for a year or more. Hypnotherapy is short-term therapy. Whichever you choose and however therapy unfolds for you, it will be reliant upon your commitment to therapy, my commitment to therapy, and ultimately commitment to your life. You do not have to decide up front how many sessions you might like or need. Therapy can take many twists and turns, and being open to the necessary unfolding nature can make therapy extremely rewarding.
Are you ready to explore?
What stories are you telling yourself about your life or those around you? What experience are you having in your body that stops you from living as fully as you would like to? What is happening in your relating with others that isn't as pleasant as you would like it to be? What are your hopes, aspirations, dreams and desires?
You are a whole being, so let's look at the whole of you and acknowledge that there's more to you than meets the eye.
What some clients have said...
"Julie has been fantastically helpful for me. She worked with me to build a great relationship. When the approach we were taking in our sessions was too much for me she was kind and understanding. We then discussed new approaches and boundaries, which helped me feel comfortable to continue. I have worked my way to a much more comfortable emotional state with her help". - K.W. 32yrs
"In my sixties I was surprised to find myself suddenly in what felt like a predicament of indecision involving retirement, separation and ill health simultaneously. After going round in circles for ages I decided to seek counselling for the first time in my life. I'm so glad I found Julie who I felt understood my situation and was able to gently help me find my way through." - N.L. 68yrs.
"This was not what I expected. I didn't expect to hear myself say the things I said or feel the way I did. Working with Julie allowed me to unravel the knots and make some sense for myself. As I started to feel better and more settled, I was able to make better decisions. Sometimes it was hard work but the benefits last a long time." - D.W. 42yrs
Exclusive and Intensive Personal Development Workshops:
I also run exclusive and intensive personal development workshops as an invitation to slow down and explore who you are in a supportive group context. The day offers a unique mix of personal development exercises, silent meditation, creative meditation, and group sharing designed for anyone interested in gaining insight into self and how we relate to others and the world around us.
It's easy to become so wrapped up in our scripts and busyness that we forget to take time to notice what's happening in the moment. Coming together with like-minded others – in a culture of kindness, acceptance and curiosity – provides a rich environment for increasing self-awareness and connection, and can be a powerful way to become aware of the possibilities for change and transformation in our everyday lives.
Places are limited to four people in an attempt to create a safe and facilitative space, in the intimate surroundings of Portugal Place in the heart of Cambridge.
Who is the workshop for?
Anyone interested in self-reflection and personal development. Perhaps you have an interest in looking more closely at how you experience the world and others, and how they experience you. Maybe you experience anxiety, confidence or self-esteem issues and would like to look at those more closely. Or, maybe you are wondering about therapy and would like to use this as a way to begin an exploration. As long as you are over 18years old, you will be welcome. Places will be allocated on a first come -first served basis. Please website for more details.
I began my early career in the NHS as a Personal Development Trainer, followed by running my own company in training and marketing. After a career break to establish a family and undertake academic study and research, I worked as an independent Philosophical Counsellor and Life Coach and this work still underpins my practice as a counsellor and psychotherapist. As a Counsellor I have worked with clients presenting a range of issues in the NHS GP Medical setting, and I had established a substantial private practice in Shrewsbury before relocating to Cambridge in 2015. I work with insurance companies to support clients referred from EAP schemes and Occupational Health departments.
As a counselling lecturer, I have taught counselling to qualified practitioner/degree level and have also delivered workshops in assertive training, philosophy for living, philosophy for therapists, gender and sexuality.
I am also a writer and have published articles in Self & Society (journal for humanistic psychology), The Journal for Existential Analysis (SEA), The Journal for Person-Centered Experiential Psychotherapies (PCEP), and have recently co-written and co-edited with Manu Bazzano, a collection of essays about philosophy and therapy - Therapy and the Counter-Tradition: The Edge of Philosophy.
Professional Affiliations
BACP registered and accredited membership
BACP Accredited Register
Associate Member of Adlerian Society UK and Institute for Individual Psychology (ASIIP)
Member Association Humanistic Psychology
Post Graduate Diploma in Supervision: Accredited Institute for Individual Psychology (ASIIP); Certificate in Supervision: An Integrative Approach - Accredited ASIIP; Certificate Evidence-based Cognitive Hypnotherapy (BPS approved); Couples Training: The Relational Academy; Post Graduate Diploma in Clinical Counselling (BACP accredited) ; Diploma CBT ; MA Humanities ; BA (Hons) in English & Philosophy; Certificate Training & Development
I attend a minimum of 30hours continued professional development per year in accordance with my professional association requirements.
Member organisations
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Supervision is available in Cambridge and Kings Cross, London. I work with Counsellors, Psychotherapists and Trainees, as well as having experience of working with speech therapists, teaching staff, occupational health staff, and other helping professions including nursing.
From my background in Philosophy and Humanistic Therapies, I offer a reflective space for you to explore client work, your experiences and concerns, organisational issues, and the supervisory relationship. My Supervision training is accredited by the Adlerian Institute for Individual Psychology (ASIIP) and as such her supervisory work is underpinned by concepts of encouragement, support, equality and reflection. My training in Existentialism means that I am also able to open up and explore some of the wider issues of what it is to be human, identify meaning and value in a person's life, and consider options and choices. Exploring these types of issues in Supervision can be especially helpful when therapy 'gets stuck'.
I have spent more than five years as a counselling lecturer & trainer, and am experienced in supervising counselling & psychotherapy trainees.
Consultations and fees are:
£60 for individual 50 minute session.
£70 for couples 60 minute session.
£60 per 50 minute session.
£60 per hour.
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I work as a Supervisor with Counsellors, Psychotherapists and Trainees, as well as having experience of working with speech therapists, teaching staff, occupational health staff, and other helping professions including nursing. .View supervision profile


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text: 22 November 1999 Fresh in from far out - Galloway New Statesman Scotland - This torrent of bloodshed runs on Sign up for our weekly email * Not long ago, there was in general currency the view, put forward primarily in Eric Hobsbawm's Age of Extremes, that our century began with the first world war and ended when the Berlin Wall came down. Certainly the experience of the first world war has dominated European imaginative life in our time. In the last section of his masterpiece, The Great War and Modern Memory, Paul Fussell shows to what extent "the whole texture of British daily life could be said to commemorate the war still". Everything, from pub opening hours, British Summer Time, allotments, paper money, passports and the popularity of egg and chips, to our sceptical attitude to a press that euphemised the slaughter of the Somme, has its roots in first world war expediency and experience. That there is no diminution in the power of the war as primary source material is shown in such recent works as Pat Barker's war trilogy and Sebastian Faulks's Birdsong. Ted Hughes, who had explored the first world war in early poems such as "Bayonet Charge" and "Out", revisited it in a series of family portraits in his 1989 collection, Wolfwatching. Though his father had been unable to talk about his war experiences, the young Hughes filled With his knowledge.After mother's milkThis was the soul's food. A soap-smell spectreOf the massacre of innocents.("Dust As We Are") The continuing power of this distant war to interest and to move us was brought home to me some years ago when I accompanied a school trip to the first world war battlefields of Belgium and northern France. To this particular second-year group of pupils, names such as Ypres, Passchendaele and Vimy were as innocent as the rebuilt towns appeared to be. It was strange, therefore, on the one hand sharing in the high spirits of any foreign school trip, while on the other attempting to give full meaning to these sonorous place names. At times the pupils' innocent irreverence was deeply shocking as they clambered up war memorials, taken aback by the force of our anger; at others, as they ran up and down the green hollows of the trenches as birds sang and butterflies (white, I remember) danced in the sun, they seemed to be part of some depthless metaphor. However, through accumulated battlefield tours and a sharing of our adult knowledge, something of the horror that had taken place there became part of their young imaginations. At the Menin Gate, as the last post played, as it does every night of life, many were in tears. I remember, as a (senior) school pupil myself, reading the eastern European poets, Poppa, Holub and Herbert, and thinking how vital they seemed. History in their poetry was like a character - it could surprise you, engulf you, sweep you aside. This was not the history we learnt in school which was always safely behind us, neatly packaged in its predictable causes and effects. So, for many of us, the events leading up to the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the "unification" of Germany, were a bracing sensation of history happening now. It would indeed have been a good point at which to end the century; a wall tumbling down is a metaphor as rich as any. But the optimism of the reconstituted Europe did not last long. The hard red edges of my growing-up world were replaced not by union but by a ragged edgelessness; a proliferation of what George Steiner has called "villagism". Fussell points out that one of the ironies of those who experienced the second world war was the way in which they were haunted by others' memories of the first. Thus Vernon Scannell writes that what he "remembers" is "Not the war I fought in/ But the one called Great/Which ended in a sepia November/Four years before my birth". However, it is not the least of recent ironies that since the Berlin Wall fell, broadcast images of conflict seem to recall less and less of the war that in so many ways has dominated our century. Pictures of the concentration camps, the refugees, the sites of massacres from Bosnia, Kosovo and now Chechnya suggest a continuation of the civilian brutalities of the second world war. What Tacitus referred to as "this torrent of wasted bloodshed" runs on. As it does so, there is no sense in asking our young people to forget the sufferings of this century as we enter the next. Subscribe from just £1 per issue More


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Bankruptcy Law
Bankruptcy Law Questions? Ask a Bankruptcy Lawyer.
Yes, you can file bankruptcy without an attorney. The filing fee for a Chapter 7 is $299.00, but you can also ask for a waiver if you are unable to pay that. You would have to apply and see if that is going to be granted by the court.
Contact the US District Court in your district, you can find them online I am sure. The court websites are very useful and provide instructions and forms for filing. It will be a tedious process to file but people do it every day without lawyers.


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A mother-of-two who suffers with end-stage kidney failure is raising money for the charity she hopes will one day save her life.
Janet Bralsford, 46, has had life-saving dialysis three times-a-week for the past four years after being diagnosed with a deadly underlying condition.
The bank manager, from Edgware, is unable to receive a kidney transplant but continues to work and remains determined not to let the illness dictate her life.
She said: "When I was diagnosed it was disastrous. I had to take a year off work because I was so unwell and I have to abide by a very strict diet – no coffee, potatoes, chocolate.
"It makes you value life a lot more. I don't really get het up about anything now, it is not worth it – I just take each day as it comes."
Mrs Bralsford says the support of her husband and two daughters, aged 17 and 12, has kept her going.
The condition can dramatically shorten the lives of sufferers but Mrs Bralsford is hopeful Kidney Research UK will make a breakthrough in treatment within her lifetime.
She is now looking to raise thousands of pounds for the charity through a dinner and dance she has organised in Elstree on Saturday, November 3.
She said: "I've never done anything like this before but I thought it would be a good opportunity to give something back to the charity that I hope one day can help me.
"I didn't quite realise how much work was involved but it is worth it."
Barclays bank, in Station Road, Edgware, at which Mrs Bralsford has worked for 30 years, has offered to match funding for the event up to £3,000.
Colleague Helen Masterson said: "To look at Janet, you wouldn't even know she was ill as she never moans and just gets on with it – she's an inspiration to us all."
Mrs Bralsford is hoping to sell 180 tickets to the charity event at The Village Hotel, in Centennial Park, Elstree, and there are still about 100 left.
Tickets cost £50 each and the evening includes a three-course dinner, entertainment from a magician and DJ, an auction and a raffle.
To order a ticket, contact Mrs Bralsford on 07919685582 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Donations can also be made to the charity via her Just Giving page at www.justgiving.com/janet-bralsford.
She added: "The support I have received has been great and I'm hoping this will give something back to everyone. I just want to sell as many tickets as possible - I'm looking forward to it."


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buzz for (one)(redirected from buzz for them)
buzz for (one)
To use a device that makes a buzzing sound (such as a doorbell or intercom) to try to get one's attention. When you get to my apartment building, just buzz for me, and I'll let you in. Buzz for the receptionist and ask her what's taking so long.
See also: buzz


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PGP Movie House Mayhem was an event put on by Proving Ground Pro. It took place on May 31, 2014 in Havana, Illinois.
- Numbers in parentheses indicate the length of the match.
- (c) refers to the champion(s) heading into the match.
- Nelson Six defeated Dr. Nyhilus Wolfgang
- Mario Crivello (c) defeated Guy Smith to retain the PGP Cutting Edge Championship
- Mallaki Matthews defeated Scotty Young
- Akuma Okoye & Jun Hado defeated Frank Wyatt & John Wayne Murdoch
- Jake Dirden defeated Blake Steel
- Melanie Cruise & Russ Jones defeated Bragg N' Swagg (Perry Winkle & Randy Ray)
- The Hooligans (Devin Cutter & Mason Cutter) (c) defeated Jester Yorick & Yabo The Clown to retain the PGP Tag Team Championship
- Ruff Crossing (c) defeated Christian Rose to retain the PGP Franchise Championship
External links
|Proving Ground Pro events
|Project 1 • Aftermath • The Happening • Requiem • 7/20 • Emergency Response
|New Frontiers • The Happening 2014 • Movie House Mayhem • Great 'Merican Bash • Living The Dream • Movie House Mayhem 2 - The Mayhem Continues • Emergency Response 2014
|Ryan Buckley Memorial Tournament


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Introduction to PHP Programming language
What is PHP: PHP is one of the most popular free and open source general-purpose scripting languages and it is particularly applied in web development. PHP stands for PHP: Hyper Text Preprocessor (it is a recursive bacronym). It is a server site scripting language meaning all the PHP code is executed on the server site(where the web-site is hosted) not client's computer. The server generates HTML based on PHP code and then sends it to the client's machine. The client receive only the plain HTML output of running PHP script, but never know what the underlying code is. It is also a platform independent language which means PHP runs on almost all the platform including Windows, Linux and UNIX. It is suitable for almost all the web-servers used these days.
The greatest things in applying PHP are that it's incredibly simple for a new comer; however it provides many sophisticated capabilities for an expert web developer too. Never be worried reading through the long list of PHP's functionalities. You can jump in and start creating simple scripts in a couple of hours.
What Can PHP Do: You can perform all kinds of things such as evaluating or validating form data sent from a web browser, connect to the database, building customized content to serve the browser, and even send or receive cookies. Although the main focus of PHP is on server site scripting, you can do a lot more with PHP.
There are 3 primary fields where PHP can be applied.
- Server site scripting: This is the most conventional and primary targeted area for PHP. Three things are needed to make this work properly. The PHP parser (CGI or server module), a web browser and a web server. You have to run the server, along with a connected PHP installation. However I recommend you to use XAMPP or WAMP for server site scripting. XAMPP and WAMP are two simple, lightweight software packages that make it very easy for web developers to create a local server in their own machine for testing purposes. Everything you have to install such as PHP, web server (Apache) and database (MySQL) is incorporated in a single and simple extractable file.
- Command Line Scripting: This is a way to make PHP code run without using any web server or browser. The thing you only need is the PHP parser. This kind of usage is useful for scripts that are frequently executed using cron (Linux) or Task Scheduler (Windows).
- Writing applications for Desktop: PHP is not the greatest language to make a desktop application with a GUI (graphical user interface), however if you learn PHP very well, and want to utilize some sophisticated PHP functions in your client-side programs you can also utilize PHP-GTK to create these kinds of programs. You can also create cross-platform programs in this way. PHP-GTK is an expansion to PHP, which is not available in the main PHP distribution. If you're really serious in PHP-GTK, visit their official website at http://gtk.php.net
You are not restricted to output only HTML in PHP. You can easily output images, PDF files and even Flash movies using PHP. PHP also enables you to output any text, such as HTML, XHTML and any other XML file. PHP also has support for a wide range of databases such as MySQL, Oracle, NoSQL etc.


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Mortgages, the help to buy scheme and what it means!Posted on: 04 October 2013 by Ronan Marrion
Ronan Marrion examines the government's Help to Buy and what it means for you.
The government has just made an announcement that the second phase of the Help to Buy scheme will go live in the coming days rather than the expected launch in January 2014. The scheme is the Treasury's attempt to encourage banks and building societies to offer mortgages to homebuyers with small deposits for properties of up to £600,000.
The first part of the scheme allowed first-time buyers, and movers who want to purchase a new-build house or flat, to borrow 20% of the property's value from the government. Those loans were interest free for the first three years; all borrowers needed was a 5% deposit and a 75% mortgage. (1)
What is stage two?
Stage two will see taxpayers underwrite up to 15% of a mortgage for loans where a buyer has only a small deposit, of 5% (or more) of the property's value.
Lenders who want to offer mortgages of up to 95% loan to value (LTV) but do not want to take on all of the risk will be able to buy a guarantee from the government for up to 15% of the loan. This allows the lender to claim on the guarantee if the property is ever repossessed and sold at a loss.
So the government will compensate the lender if the property is repossessed and it is unable to recover its entire loan from its sale. The deposit would be lost first, and then the government would cover the next 15% of loss. But the lender will also have to take a 5% hit on the government's compensation, to deter it from making reckless loans. (1)
How would that work?
If a client takes out a 95% mortgage on a property costing £100,000, providing a £5,000 deposit. The lender takes out a guarantee with the government for 15% of the property's value.
If the lender subsequently repossesses the property, and only raises £65,000 by selling it. The deposit is wiped out, and the guarantee then pays out £14,250 – the 15% of the loan covered by the guarantee, less a 5% cut. The remaining £15,000 loss falls on the lender – which would have lost £30,000 without the guarantee. (1)
The guarantee will be valid for up to seven years after the mortgage is taken out.
What is the situation if the house goes into negative equity?
The guarantee will not help the buyer or lender if the property falls in value. It only kicks in if the borrower falls into difficulty with the mortgage and their home is repossessed.
What's the cost to the lender?
There is still a lot of speculation and varied views surrounding the scheme and this is still the big question. As the price of the guarantee is fundamental to the scheme's success. If the cost is too expensive, there will be no point in lenders using it and if it is too cheap, it could potentially break European rules on state aid. The Treasury has said it will offer bands of prices based on the LTV of the mortgage, with higher LTV's likely to cost the most as they are the riskier deals.
Will the scheme be available from every lender?
Again this is early days and the answer at this point is probably not. Just three have signed up so far – Royal Bank of Scotland, NatWest, and Halifax which have the common thread of being the lenders that have been 'rescued' by the government.
So what's the cost the taxpayer?
The government has said it will put £12bn into the scheme, which is expected to run for three years. It would lose money in cases where a mortgage holder defaults, and a repossessed property is sold for less than the outstanding mortgage value, even after the mortgage holder's deposit is wiped out. But it should make a profit on loans where the guarantee is not triggered.
Am I eligible?
Both first-time buyers and movers can apply for the scheme, but they will need to be able to afford the mortgage repayments and will need a reasonably clean credit history: anyone who has a county court judgment against them for more than £500 in the three years before they apply for a loan will be barred. It is not available to people buying second homes.
Are there any limitations to what I can buy?
The scheme is available on both new and existing homes costing up to £600,000. The individual lenders will have their own rules about what type of properties they will lend on and we could expect the lenders to follow their existing criteria into this scheme.
As the scheme is not available on second homes, borrowers will be asked to sign a declaration that they do not own another property anywhere in the world. It also is not available on buy-to-let properties, and cannot be used in conjunction with the government's New Buy scheme.
How do I apply?
Again because of the early days of this introduction we will still have to wait and see how it will come about but it is possible that borrowers will not know that they are applying for a loan through this part of the Help to Buy scheme as the guarantee will be bought by the lender and the deal could happen behind the scenes – lenders might just advertise 95% loans with no mention that they are being backed by the taxpayer.
What will happen to the 'Housing Market' with the introduction of this scheme?
House prices have been rising steadily since the chancellor announced Help to Buy and critics say he is creating a new bubble in the housing market, which is a charge the government strongly denies, pointing to lack lustre demand in some regions. However, Osborne appeared to bow to pressure last Friday by giving the Bank of England greater powers to prevent a damaging boom.
Is this bad news for anyone?
The scheme could be seen as bad news for anyone who prudently saved more than a 5% deposit. They may now find they're competing with people with smaller savings who can use Help to Buy to target more expensive properties. Taxpayers could also lose out, if many Help to Buy loans turn sour, plus there is also a big question over the issues raised by house prices soaring and then crashing in a few years' time.
The early release of the second stage of the Loan to Buy scheme has caught most of the lenders by surprise and we can look forward to seeing who is also going to start work with the new scheme. We all have conflicting views on whether this is a good thing or bad but we do expect at least this to be a stimulus allowing both first time buyers to make a move on the property ladder and people who are struggling to raise the bigger deposits to move sooner than they might otherwise have. With the Bank of England taking an over view this should control the market to some extent and ensure there is no 'boom and bust'."
If you have a query regarding Mortgages and the Loan to Buy Scheme please contact Ronan Marrion on 0800 0112825, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com> or take a look at our website www.wwfp.net.
Source: (1) Guardian
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