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Guide to Starting a Business
Starting a new business is a very exciting time – however, it is also very challenging. Luckily there is plenty of help at hand for those who are clever enough to look for it. Did I say clever? Yes, I did, because many entrepreneurs charge headlong into their pet projects without giving due consideration to the resources available to them. While the energy levels for all entrepreneurs tend to be very high, it is important to step back, when appropriate, to ensure that the proper advice is being obtained. For many people, a new business is like a boat sailing in uncharted territory. One can reduce the inherent uncertainty and risk with good advice, appropriate planning and a dollop of experience. The following article contains some advice and recommendations for those starting up in the UK. While not a 'bootstrappers' guide per se, the assumed audience are UK-based entrepreneurs looking to set up with fewer than five employees and limited funding at their disposal.
Where to Start?
Given that one area of particular interest for us is business planning, it seems like a very good place to start. You must resist all temptation to skip writing a business plan. Preparing a business plan is a vital first step on the journey of all entrepreneurs. Sure, it may seem like a difficult proposition, especially if it's the first time you have to write a business plan. However, the business planning process will really help you get a feel for the various elements that will determine your success, from cash flow, to sales forecasting to your personnel structure. You skip this critical process at your own peril.
Naturally, we recommend Business Plan Pro (RRP £79.99) as the best means available to write business plans. Business Plan Pro helps you to structure your business plan, is exhaustive (meaning you cover everything) and offers help at every step. Alternative methods include writing the plan yourself, using products such as Microsoft Word and Excel, or paying someone to write it for you. Unfortunately, these other methods either leave you staring at a blank screen, or simply help you avoid thinking through the conceptual and financial issues critical to your business. Whatever method you choose, you will find more information on writing a business plan at our business plan site.
If the industry is relatively new to you, I'd recommend you purchase a Business Information Factsheet or Business Opportunity Profile from Cobweb. These fact sheets will help you understand some of the live issues within your sector. These profiles include options such as 'How to Start a Coffee Shop' to 'How to Start a Restaurant' and cost about £5.
I cannot stress enough at this point the importance of getting advice. The great thing about starting a business is that there are lots of experts who may be blogging about their experiences or have written about the issues they faced and some of the hurdles they have overcome. Here are some of my personal tips for some key areas in getting started:
Speak to an accountant early on in the process. They can help you decide the best legal structure for your business, explain VAT and also advise you on other financial obligations. Aims Accountants are a group of accountants that are scattered around the UK and are ideal for start-ups.
How To Success on Business Planning
In the past few weeks we have witnessed a period of unprecedented economic turbulence and instability. Of course this uncertainty is not just affecting us here in the U.K., but in a globalised economy it is affecting people right across the world. Years of consistent economic growth have given way to rising unemployment, increased costs, reduced disposable income and a greater number of risks. In this short article, I will describe some courses of action that may help to reduce the sense of helplessness businesses are currently experiencing.
1. Stay abreast of economic indicators
The global credit crunch and the increased uncertainty affect almost everyone. Very few UK businesses are immune to the effects of reduced credit, devaluing housing stock and the greater perceived risk we all feel. These are clearly very difficult times and potential solutions are occupying the minds of economists, bankers and ministers alike. Hence it is important to stay abreast of developments to ensure that management decisions are made in the context of the most up-to-date economic indicators and forecasts.
2. Revisit your business plan
It is perfectly acceptable to revise your business plan more frequently than once a year. If you have not done so for some time, it is worth revisiting it now. Business plans are written with certain assumptions built-in and these assumptions are context sensitive. If your business plan is over 6 months old, then it is likely that you will need to revise revenue figures downwards and costs upwards. Do this as soon as you can, and revisit key indicators such as current cash burn rates, debtor days etc. An up-to-date business plan can help ensure everyone is aligned towards the strategic goal of the company; ensure the cash flow is monitored and that the impact of changing assumptions is reflected in the numbers.
3. Review current projects and plans
Most businesses have a number of projects and initiatives on the go at any one time. These projects will consume resources over a number of months and years, and will typically involvement investment of time, people and money. The end goal of the completed project will often be designed to help your company generate additional revenue streams or to protect current streams. Again projects that have been planned over 6 months ago, and that take a number of months to complete should be reappraised. It may be more appropriate to defer projects or put them on hold until the economic conditions are more favourable or until the level of perceived risk and uncertainty declines. Any new contracts with third parties need to have additional safe guards built-in. For example, if exchange rates move outside certain agreed bands, it would trigger a renegotiation of the terms or an option to break the agreement etc
4. Communicate Effectively
It is not just management that feel the pinch when economic conditions deteriorate. It is likely some employees may be saddled with credit card debt, or may be sitting on properties with negative equity and may be worried about their futures. Management need to ensure their employees are aware of issues with implications for them. It is also important that employees are fully aware of the wider context so that any legitimate change initiatives designed to reduce costs are accepted rather than resisted.
5. Consider outsourcing some activities
In most industries it is possible to outsource non-core activities. There are many pro's and con's for outsourcing, however, if cash flows are under pressure, the inherent flexibility of outsourcing may be more appropriate until economic conditions improve.
6. Assess exposure to known risks and dependencies
In times of uncertainty it is important to step back and identify risks and to appraise key relationships. Is the company over-reliant on one particular company or industry? While this reliance may have been fine in periods of economic growth, it is important to recognise that a dependency on one supplier or customer dramatically increases the risk. Any vulnerability in one particular industry sector can lead to knock-on effects in the most unexpected of places (as well as in the more obvious areas). A diversification strategy can help to mitigate against an over-reliance on one supplier or customer.
7. Consider Scenarios
The importance of scenario planning grows when uncertainty increases. Scenario planningconsists of management considering a range of plausible future outcomes ranging from a 'small stretch of the imagination' to the 'outlandish'. The aim is to think through the implications for the company if certain scenarios came into effect. So for example what would happen if sales decline by 20% or if oil doubled in price in 2009? By thinking through a number of plausible scenarios, and designing strategies to deal with such eventualities, companies will be better prepared if indeed one of the scenarios does in fact occur.
Plan is a living document
As you review implementation results with the people responsible, you will often find the need to set new goals and make course corrections. Keep track of the original business plan and manage changes carefully. Although changes should be made only with good reason, don't be afraid to update your plan and keep it alive. Business Plan Pro Premier has Planned, Actual and Variance tables, complete with linked formulas, to facilitate active cash flow analysis.
Prescription for live planning
After your plan starts, save a copy of your plan in Business Plan Pro and then type actual results into the sales forecast, profit and loss, and milestones Actual tables. Then watch what the variance views tell you.
Note when actual results indicate you need to make changes.
Stay in the Business Plan Pro Actual mode and make adjustments to future months of your Actual cash plan. After all, it is already more accurate than the original plan, because it has actual results for the months already completed.
As each month closes, type actual results over your revised plan numbers into the Actual area.
The starting sales plan
The example begins in this first illustration with the sales forecast imported from a finished business plan, developed in Business Plan Pro.
As you look at the variance for the sales forecast for the first three months, you should see several important trends:
Unit sales of systems are disappointing, well below expectations.
The average revenue for systems sales is also disappointing.
Unit sales for service are disappointing, but dollar sales are way up.
Sales are well above expectations for software and training.
Adjusting the sales plan
One of the main advantages of creating a plan on a computer is how easily you can change it. Month by month, as you record your actual results, you can make changes to your plan in the future months of the actual tables, preserve the plan tables, and be able to see the plan vs. actual variance.
In this example, if the company knows by March that sales will be different than planned in April, they should estimate the revised forecast, as a correction to future results. When the actual results are available, they can then replace the revised plan numbers with actual results. The actual results area can then become a plan area for course corrections.
Compare the difference in the February and March columns in Illustration 1: Beginning Sales Plan (the original plan) above, and Illustration 4: Adjusted Sales Plan in Actual Table, (the actual results area).
Business Plan That You Need To Know
A business plan is essentially a more detailed version of your business model. A business plan has been traditionally understood as a physical document, although increasingly this view has changed as business plans have migrated online. The business plan format very much depends on the context and business plans are often verbalised via presentations where a presenter pitches their business plan to an audience. Business models are more likely to take the form of either simple verbal descriptions or one page visual representations which can either be produced before a business plan or as part of the same planning process.
Alexander Osterwalder, co-author of Business Model Generation, agrees with the link, arguing that:
'..when you have designed and thought through your business model you have the perfect basis for writing a good business plan.'
It is also worth noting that there are increasing numbers of business plan critics who argue that their composition is too time consuming and that people need 'to get building'. Some of this criticism has come from software developers (many of whom are proponents of the Lean Start-up Methodology). I personally feel their arguments are a little simplistic and that entrepreneurs need to map out a viable business model and a business plan in tandem. I also think that the arguments are more valid in an Internet business context, where it is relatively easy to bootstrapa low-cost website which can be used for feedback and constant iterative development.
If you are looking to build a new business and are about to draft a business plan, you should also spend time working out your optimum business model as well as drafting a visual representation of it. You can use the following framework to map same. In recent years there has been significant innovation in the range of business models, and some of them may be of relevance to your offering. Finally, it is also worth noting that some business models such as the Internet bubble model have largely had their day. Very few investors will invest in businesses these days that have advertising at the heart of their business model.
Things coming to an end
The launch of the Zilok website in the U.K. (May 2008) reaffirmed to me that the way we have been consuming for many years in Western Society is changing. The raison d'être for Zilok goes something like this:
"Why own a ladder or a drill when you only need to use it once a year and you can rent one from a neighbour for a very low cost?"
I think of my parents' generation, and a combination of increased disposable income (relative to their parents), significant marketing and the growth of retail parks meant that most of their generation have garages full of items that rarely see the light of day. However, our world is changing. In recent years there has also been an increase in single-person households, as well as a growth in apartments and flats with less square footage for storage than the houses of our parents. It's not simply a case of why buy a ladder to use once a year but also a case of if I buy it, where do I store it?
The notion of community has also changed and urban dwellers are more likely to access an online community than knock next door to borrow something.
The Internet has also served to reduce transaction costs across the board. It is now easier to search for a wide range of (long tail and /or obscure) products and services from a PC. The days of driving around calling into different stores are well gone. On the supplier side it has removed the need for providers to have a physical presence in the various markets that they serve, or to carry a lot of stock in these stores.
Finally there is a greater environmental awareness amongst consumers and an increasing amount of purchase decisions now include a weighting for the environmental impact of their purchases. Websites such as The Story of Stuff with Annie Leonard seek to promote sustainable production and indeed consumption –again seeking to promote shared ownership, product reuse and seeking to educate people about the impacts of their purchase decisions.
As a result of these changes, there is a raft of emerging offerings that blur the lines between products and services as we have traditionally known them. The message for entrepreneurs is that environmental changes and changes in consumer behaviour create business opportunities. The next 'big idea' is more likely to be a simple tweak to an existing product or service rather than an idea concocted in a garden shed!
Zilok takes advantage of a number of relatively recent developments, not least the Internet (and in particular Google Maps), to enable you to search for things and then to rent them from a neighbour. They claim that the average drill is used for just 12 minutes of its lifetime, and hence, rather than owning a drill for example, users should consider renting one. This all makes sense of course. When I was younger, product ownership was pretty much 'for life' or until the 'thing broke'. Most of you will be familiar with the notion of an attic overflowing with Christmas decorations and a shed packed full of ladders, tools and the like. Nowadays, services like Zilokand Hirethings raise serious questions about both the need to always buy products and the need to hold on to them for life if we do buy them. Of course plant and tool hire is not something new; however, while the outcomes are the same, the processes used to achieve the outcomes are very different, as are the value propositions.
In short, paying a neighbour $10/ a day for a drill rental which is arranged over the Web is pretty compelling for some people.
When you Arrive Late to the Party
Relying on academic management literature for guidance can be a fickle business. For example, while "first-mover advantage" was once lauded as the optimum strategy for market entry, it was shortly displaced by its close cousin "second-mover advantage". The thought went that the "second mover" could learn from the mistakes of the pioneering entrant who was likely to run out of money while trying to educate the market. Of course, some of these initial pioneering entrants did not run out of money and ended up dominating their space, thus striking a blow for advocates of being a "second mover".
For "first movers" there are a number of poster boys, like Twitter, the micro-blogging platform, which has become so dominant that successful market entry by a direct competitor would be difficult to comprehend. The launch of the iPad created the tablet market, which did not exist prior to its launch but has since been flooded with entrants. For some cash-rich entrepreneurs, with the pockets, vision and patience of someone like Steve Jobs, the lack of a market is an opportunity rather than a problem. However, in the majority of cases, there may be no competition because there are structural reasons why a market does not exist (such as a lack of demand or a market size that is currently too small to serve profitably). In other words, the entrepreneur may simply have misread the opportunity!
For "second movers," you can generally enter the market without the cost of the first mover. A subsequent entrant can study the incumbent when deciding how to design and position their offering. After all, imitation is the sincerest form of flattery. Competition also helps from a marketing perspective – trying to educate and attract a market on your own is a very costly exercise. However, in some cases the first mover is so dominant, subsequent entry would not be advised.
In other instances market entry is not always so easily defined. A recent example from the U.S. is the almost simultaneous market entry of Gowalla and FourSquare, both location-based social networking sites. These were soon followed by Rummble, and a host of others.
For entrepreneurs the lessons are clear – there are different things to be aware of when you start your business, in terms of market entry. If the market does not yet exist you need to ensure you have deep pockets as marketing is likely to be extremely costly. You also need to be confident that you are not 'misreading the opportunity'.
Steps to recession proof your business
There is a lot of uncertainty at the moment (May 6, 2008) with much talk in the media of an 'impending economic downturn'. While the phrase 'recession' seems to be close to many people's lips, it is being muttered in hushed tones rather than being shouted from the rafters. In the U.S. they are 'not in a recession' according to the U.S. Commerce Department[1] (April 30th), in an 'awfully pale recession' according to Alan Greenspan[2] (May 5th) and in a 'recession' as Warren Buffett[3] defines it (May 5th). For now, in the U.K., at the very least, we are experiencing a downturn/slowdown/worsening of economic conditions. (You can take your pick as to which euphemism is most applicable.) Regardless of the word play, one thing is clear; many economic indicators are predicting flat or negative growth for the next year.
The Context
What is clear in the U.K. is that there have been significant increases in recent months in the costs of staple foods, oil, oil derivative products, and those services heavily reliant on oil, such as transport and heating. All of this change has resulted in higher business costs, a greater cost burden on the average consumer and reduced disposable income. Add the 'credit crunch' to the mix and it is clear that the economic conditions are going to be a lot tougher in the months to come.
So what does all of this mean? The bottom line is it will mean less money in people's pockets and less access to credit as banks tighten their belts. Given the above, it seems prudent to consider some actions that will help ensure that your business is able to adapt quickly to less favourable economic conditions if and when they ever do arrive!
How vulnerable is your business?
The first thing to consider is how 'recession-proof' your business is.
Is your product generally considered a 'necessity' or a 'luxury'? Is your product a 'staple good'? In pure economic terms, 'staple goods' tend to be those where demand stays relatively constant even as price increases; for example, cereal-based products such as bread, available year-round, are staples. Understanding the nature of your product and who consumes it will give you a better feel for the likely future demand for it.
If your company is business-to-business (B2B), you need to consider how the wider economic changes are likely to impact the demand for your products or services. It is also worth analysing your current customer base. Are you over-reliant on a small number of customers? If yes, consider how best to diversify your customer base. If your product portfolio is too narrow, seek ways to increase internal innovation so you can diversify your income streams in the short term.
All of this analysis will allow you to better understand your particular vulnerabilities and help you to craft strategies to reduce the impact if a full-blown recession kicks in.
Revisit your sales forecast
As you'll gather from the above, it is necessary to revisit your business plan (in particular the sales forecast) to reappraise the core fundamentals. When people draw up a sales forecast, they are typically basing their figures on the economic conditions of the time. As these conditions change, the assumptions on which the sales forecast was based will have changed. Hence, assuming your business plan was written six months or a year ago, it is necessary to revisit the sales forecast and to reassess the figures, probably downgrading sales predictions in the light of the changing circumstances. You will need to analyse your projected sales and assess the likely affect a recession would have on them. Perhaps you draw up a number of scenarios. Once you have done so you will have a better feel for plausible outcomes in the year ahead. The revised business plan will also help you identify some other areas in need of immediate focus: cost base, proposed marketing spend, resource deployment, etc.
Credit control
Alongside the risk of reduced sales numbers, credit management tends to be the next biggest issue during recessions: debtors take longer to pay, or worse, some debtors go out of business. Hence it is prudent to reassess your cash position. If you have a high percentage of sales on credit you will need to reconsider the payment terms, ensure you invoice immediately and maintain contact with those who owe you a lot of money. There is no need to panic; it is simply opportune to revisit all elements of your credit control system from invoicing, to bank overdraft facilities, to the debt collection process you have in place, to make sure that you are on top of your cash flow.
Run down stock
As you redo your business plan, take time to review your stock position. You may want to 'restructure' your balance sheet, to reduce assets consisting of stock and debtors (accounts receivable) and increase cash/bank reserves.
Every cloud has a silver lining
It is also worth remembering that every cloud has a silver lining, and that how you behave will significantly impact your chances of riding out the recession. For example, you may pick up better advertising rates as other businesses slash advertising budgets. For instance, Michael O'Leary of Ryanair claimed he "would welcome an economic slowdown across the continent that would make consumers more cost conscious and therefore choose Ryanair."[4] The bottom line here is to remember that a recession does not need to be all doom and gloom and that careful planningcan help you mitigate against some of the key issues that can impact your business.
How to Write a Business Plan
So, you have decided to start up a new business. You begin to do some research and find that almost everything you read recommends that you produce a business plan. Why is this so? Because the benefits of compiling a business plan are numerous – not least, the fact that committing your thoughts to paper dramatically improves your prospect of getting started in the first place. A business plan also helps you gain a holistic view of the business and helps you to devise a strategy to ensure a successful launch for your idea.
Having decided to produce a business plan, there are three main ways to write one:
1. Pay someone to write it.
2. Write it yourself using Microsoft® Word and Excel.
3. Write it using a task-specific software product such as Business Plan Pro UK Edition.
If you, like many entrepreneurs, are time rich and cash poor, option 1 quickly removes itself from the equation, given the cost of having someone write a plan for you.
You are then faced with the choice between using Business Plan Pro or building everything yourself, from scratch, in Microsoft Word and Excel. Why are we not recommending other business plan software options? Because Business Plan Pro is the best business planning software available – without exception. Palo Alto Software (the maker of Business Plan Pro) has a proud history, has had category leadership for years and has extensive lists of testimonials and independent reviews on the website, all corroborating this view. By all means, consider other software options; however, we are confident that your own analysis will reveal that Business Plan Pro stands head and shoulders above the alternatives.
When it comes to using Word and Excel there are undoubted benefits – not least the fact that they are 'free' in the sense that they are bundled on most PCs. The interface is also familiar, given the popularity of their use. However, while these tools are excellent when you know exactly what you need to produce, they offer negligible assistance when it comes to producing specific content, such as that required for a business plan. If the purpose of the business plan were simply to jot down a few notes to keep you on track, they would suffice. However, if you intend to circulate the plan to peers, colleagues or prospective investors, you will need to produce a plan worthy of your name. After all, you are the author!
Here are the reasons why we believe that using Business Plan Pro is the easiest way to write a business plan:
1. Offers significant time saving
Business Plan Pro was designed to help you write a plan as efficiently as possible. It comes with extensive help, lots of examples and expert advice.
2. Provides the structure
Business Plan Pro walks you through a list of specific tasks, step by step, in stark contrast to the blank screen and flashing cursor you face when you create a new document in Microsoft Word.
3. Includes hundreds of examples
Business Plan Pro includes over 500 sample plans so you can browse plenty of examples to help give you ideas.
4. Ensures you do not leave out any sections
Over ten years of history means that we know what sections to include, where they should appear in the document and what you need to put in them.
5. Makes the numbers part easy
We recognise that while compiling the financials is an essential part of any plan, it is a very challenging area. We have simplified this process with the inclusion of easy-to-use financial wizards and automatic calculations, linking together all the financials from Start-up costs to Sales Forecast to Personnel Expenses to Cash Flow to Profit and Loss.
Success without external funding
Economic downturns tend to be self fulfilling. We all help to drive market conditions, so if we all decide to 'batten down the hatches', and become more risk averse we all contribute to prolonging a downturn. However though it may sound counterintuitive, an economic downturn is as good a time as any to start a new business. This short article discusses how entrepreneurs can bootstrap their way to success, by describing what it means in practise and suggesting some benefits to bootstrapping.
While certain businesses will struggle to get off the ground in a recession (in particular ones that require significant investment), for others, the time is as good as any to take the plunge. For a start, there tends to be a wider pool of qualified candidates available to work as unemployment rates increase. Similarly some companies may reign in marketing spend so there is a greater opportunity to market at more competitive rates. Finally, there are also stronger disciplining forces at play when conditions are tougher as people keep a much closer eye on outgoings. In short, it is a perfect time to bootstrap a start-up.
What is bootstrapping?
The phenomenon of bootstrapping is simply starting a business without external funding such as venture capital (VC) funding. The aim is to maintain a strict discipline on cash flow by managing costs very closely and trying to get the company up and running as cheaply as possible. By ensuring as low a cash burn rate (rate at which a company uses up cash) as is feasible, you increase the chances of your business succeeding. Similarly, without any debt repayments or obligations to shareholders you can afford to be more flexible with your idea. Other commentators, such as Seth Godin, believe bootstrapping is as much a state of mind (1) as anything.
Of course, bootstrapping is not possible for all start-ups as it will depend on a number of factors ranging from the nature of the product or service, whether the business is capital intensive or not, and whether low-cost guerrilla-marketing techniques are suitable in the industry context, etc.
What does it mean in practise?
For me, bootstrapping means behaving very smartly at every cost point, given there is no external investment in the business. It means entrepreneurs consume business essentials only and are constantly looking for innovative means to substitute costs out of operations. It means resourcefulness, and plays to the fact that larger companies are less nimble than start-ups.
The phenomenon of bootstrapping can be viewed in stark contrast to the excesses of the 'Dot-com' boom. During this period, companies secured significant funds from financiers and some of these investments were squandered or invested in non-revenue-generating assets such as perks. This profligacy typified a classic case of the 'Principal Agent problem' (2), which occurs when the incentives of management and investors are not aligned and management (agents) spends money on items (perks) which are not aligned to generating a return for investors. These included water features in receptions, chill-out rooms replete with table football, offices in prime locations and generous expense accounts. With bootstrapping there is no scope for excess. The sole focus is getting the company running without incurring any non-essential costs.
What are the benefits of bootstrapping?
One immediate benefit of bootstrapping is that you are not reliant on outsiders for funding. As a result there is greater flexibility afforded you, the entrepreneur, as you put your ideas into practise.
Similarly, if the business fails to take off it is less painful to exit as the cash burn rate will have been low, so there are no significant losers. However, if the business takes off the rewards are not dispersed to third parties. Once there is proof of concept and evidence of demand, it is a lot easier to secure financing at more favourable rates.
Finally, with bootstrapping, incentives tend to be aligned so those that invest their time are rewarded accordingly, which typically leads to greater focus and reduced agency costs (see Principal Agent problem above).
Bootstrapping ideas
Bootstrapping includes outsourcing certain activities, so you pay on a usage basis rather than bearing the full cost. It also means negotiating hard with every supplier you deal with and eschewing capital expenditure in favour of renting or leasing. The following represents a list of some typical bootstrapping behaviour:
* Purchasing office equipment on eBay
* Using a virtual office assistant system rather than a full-time secretary
* Choosing efax solutions rather than buying a physical fax machine
* Using Open Office or Google Docs for word processing instead of Microsoft Office
* Promoting your offering through blogs, commenting on blogs and other relevant forums
* Hiring staff that are generalists and are happy undertaking a range of varied tasks
* Remunerating staff with stock options rather than high salaries
Additional examples can be found in Jason Calacanis' excellent article called 'How to Save Money running a Start-up' and the article by Guy Kawasaki entitled 'The Art of Bootstrapping'.
The Starbucks office
A major cost for any new business is rent. However, increasingly it is becoming more popular for people to start from their home or a small, flexible rental arrangement. As a result of these trends and the increased ubiquity of wireless, more and more companies are bootstrapping by using Starbucks as their meeting rooms.
Dangers of bootstrapping
While certain aspects of bootstrapping are clearly useful, it is important not to overstep the line. There needs to be some reasonable amount of cash available. Excessive thrift can be counterproductive and can send out the wrong signals to staff, customers and prospects alike. The objective is not to become compulsive in managing the costs or to expect a company to successfully develop on nothing. As always it is a question of balance. You do not want to lose credibility by being noticeably focused on bootstrapping, but you do want to manage your cash position to move the company forward.
Bootstrapping is an increasingly popular way to start a business, regardless of the economic conditions. Naturally it is more conducive to certain businesses, such as Internet based businesses, where initial costs can be managed until there is clear evidence of demand. Once the idea you are bootstrapping gains traction and revenue begins to increase, you may then need to switch out of bootstrapping mode. At this point it may be appropriate to seek external funding from the likes of VCs. However once you have proven the concept, the risk for investors reduces a little and hence you should capture more of the upside as you need to give away less equity. In short, the aim of bootstrapping is to keep a low cost base to ensure you can gain a foothold in some market and to generate a sufficient return so you can then assess how best to proceed.
Getting the basics right
The growth in the use of the Internet in recent years has led to a huge shift in marketing activities to the online space. This article explains some of the key things for you to focus on to help you market effectively online. Secure that domain name early. The natural starting point is the creation of a website. Once you start your business it is important to secure the domain name in the markets you intend to compete in. We at Palo Alto Software, Inc and Palo Alto Software Ltd have lots of domain names ranging from PaloAlto.com (global), PaloAlto.co.uk (U.K.), and PaloAlto.ie (Ireland). These help ensure that prospective customers can find us easily by typing our name directly into a Web browser.
There are numerous ways you can build a website, from doing it yourself using available software tools, to hiring website specialists. Regardless of the method chosen you need to be completely clear on the main purpose of the website. Is it to sell products or to generate leads? Once the primary purpose is clear, you can then decide on the layout, alongside the look and feel.
Ensure your website is optimised
Given the hundreds of thousands of websites out there, it is worth reviewing a number to get a feel for the type of design and user interface you would like. Finally, when it comes to a website it needs to be 'search-engine friendly'. This means that searches initiated from the likes of Google (using repetitive software, called 'bots') can find your site, scan it and identify the keywords associated with the website. Many firms offer Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) services which are designed to help you achieve high rankings on the search engines, such as Yahoo! and Google. Most of the techniques they employ are widely known so you could choose to do it yourself. However, be aware: anyone promising top place listings on Google should be treated with caution. There are techniques (so-called black hat techniques) which can be used to game the system – however, Google has been known to punish sites known to be using such techniques, as BMW® found, to its cost, when Google delisted them in 2006.
As it takes time for a new website to get indexed by the search engines, it is likely that traffic will be low at the start. New sites tend not to feature in organic search returns for some time, but there are ways to drive traffic to your site using some of the methods described below.
Use Web analytics to improve your site
Once you have set up the domain name and site, you will want to understand how many users you are attracting, where they are coming from and how they are behaving on your site. Google Analytics is the most popular tool to manage this. It is available free from Google, easy to implement and even easier to use. If you want to see where people are going on your site, tools such as Crazy Egg® will help you improve the design of your site by showing you where people are clicking and where they are not.
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Get traffic to your site on day one
The quickest way to get traffic to a website is signing up for Google AdWords' Pay-per-click (PPC) service. In the U.K. the vast majority of Web searches are via Google so this is the best one to focus on. This service lets you create adverts that appear when people search for certain keywords. You then pay according to each click you receive (hence the name 'Pay-per click'). The main attraction with this option is that it is a highly targeted form of advertising, and you only pay when the prospect clicks on your advert and lands on your website.
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lakhe dance in kathmandu MP3
Rakhu Newa Guthi Lakhe Dance Part 1 MP3
The Lakhe (Demon) Dance is one of the ancient cultural dance during the Lakhe festival of Nepal. Mallas have played significant role in the history of promoting ...
Lakhe Dance Godawari Lalitpur Nepal it also Kathmandu / Bhaktapur MP3
its celebrate on Newari Culture. Kathmandu Bhaktapur Lalitpur Nepal © & P World cover media pvt ltd +977-1-4478346 video by Birendra Singh Bhat (Birendra ...
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Majipa Lakhe is a traditional dance form practiced in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal. But amid modernization and a lack of support from the government, ...
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Newari Lakhe Dance , Open Air Nepal German Voerde Spellen Part 2 Benefiz Veranstaltung.
Lakhey Dance at Badegaun, Lalitpur MP3
In the above video, the dance was performed at Badegaun during Gai Jatra Festival. However, the dance is performed every year for a month. Music by DAAFA ...
Rakhu Newa Guthi lakhe dance Part 2 MP3
The Lakhe (Demon) Dance is one of the ancient cultural dance during the Lakhe festival of Nepal. Mallas have played significant role in the history of promoting ...
Newari dance of Lakhe, Thamel Kathmandu MP3
Nepal is a feast of deities and other colourful characters. The Lakhe may look ferocious with his red mane of hair and protruding fangs, but he is said to have left ...
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lAKHEY BAND OFFICIAL VIDEO MP3
Lakhey world !st Ethnic Metal Band from Nepal. GENRE: NEWARI/NEPALI ETHNIC METAL Formed: 2011 Lakhey, the instrumental band, Anil Dhital on guitar, ...
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chainpure lakhey.
Newari dance by kindergarten students MP3
A Newari dance in traditional attire performed during the annual day function of Eurokids Dhobighat.
Lakhe Dance at Chobhar... MP3
A Typical Newari Lakhe Dance at Chobhar on the occasion of Gaijatra. From the GatheMangal to Krishna Astami.........lakhe dance is held for a month........ With ...
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watch this aru! your cultural dance. its amazing. :P.
Lakhe Dance MP3
Amppipal Lakhe Dance MP3
Newari Cultural Dance of Amppipal, Gorkha District. which one is Historical place in Nepal. It is Liglig where is first Shah King Drubya Shah.
lakhe dance in london 2010.3gp MP3
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This dance is in deurali ,kaski.
Artudio Majipaa Lakhe MP3
Majipa Lakhe is the performance art of Newari culture.

subset: commoncrawl


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Can anyone give me any ideas for what would look cute but not overly dressy for school?
Most Helpful Girl
A simple summer dress or a skirt and nice top. I think the pixie cuts tend to look more sophisticated and elegant (when girls make them work, which many don't), so I'd say stick to feminine styles. But then again, that's MY style.11|00|0
:) Thanks!


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In the garden
By Patty Campbell, Special to the Citizen 05/24/12
Gorgeous roses have bloomed all around us during the last month, and seeing them tempts gardeners and landowners to add these magnificent plants to their landscapes.
Many, many varieties are available, and choosing the right rose to get what you want can be confusing.
Just some of the options include hybrid teas, floribundas, grandifloras, and miniatures. Then there are old garden and modern roses, and shrub, tree and climbing roses. And, of course, there are also the ramblers and the polyanthas.
It always helps to talk to an experienced specialist, in this case a rosarian.
Henrico master gardener Don Penzler is a consulting rosarian for the American Rose Society and an active member of the Richmond Rose Society.
"The first question I ask is how much care you are willing to give a rose," said Penzler. "Are you willing to feed it once a month, give it enough water and treat it for diseases or insects?"
Your answers to these questions and a look at the space where you're planning to plant can help you decide what type of rose is right for you.
Roses can be grown in the garden or in a container, provided it is large enough. They need a minimum of six hours of sunlight each day. Without sufficient sun, roses produce fewer blooms and are more susceptible to diseases.
They also need fertile soil that allows for good drainage.
Roses need 1-2 inches of water weekly, more in hot weather, less in cool. "I recommend using a rain gauge," said Penzler. "A rain gauge is a good idea for any gardener. You can tell how much water you're getting from rainfall, and how much you need to provide."
Penzler recommends watering the ground around the rose inside the dripline rather than watering leaves. Overhead watering can contribute to diseases like blackspot.
Blackspot is the most common plant disease that affects roses. Black spots appear on leaves and within days the leaves begin to yellow and later drop from the plant. Spraying roses can help fight the disease as well as control common insect pests such as Thrips and Spider Mites.
"Many people today don't have the time to spray their roses or they don't want to use the chemicals," said Penzler, "so the American Rose Society has become focused on disease-resistant roses."
Penzler said that Old Garden roses, Knockout roses and many of the David Austin varieties are good choices for disease resistance.
Roses need to be fertilized and deadheaded during the blooming season to insure healthy plants that continue to bloom. They also need to be pruned at the start of the season, and protected during winter months.
Penzler recommends taking a look at the Richmond Rose Society's website for additional information about planting and caring for roses and a list of roses that are recommended for the Richmond area.
Members of the Richmond Rose Society will also be available on May 19 and 20 at Strange's Nursery in Short Pump to help people figure out what rose best suits their needs, and the Society will hold its annual rose show at Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden over the Memorial Day weekend.
McEachin to host Henrico town hall meeting
Citizen Staff Reports 08/20/2017 General NewsGovernment
U.S. Congressman Donald McEachin (VA-4th District) will host a town hall meeting Aug. 29 at the Eastern Government Center, 3820 Nine Mile Road in Henrico. The event will run from 6 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. and is open to the public. McEachin will address issues raised by attendees and provide details about services available through his office. > Read more.
Nonprofit awards $38k in book scholarships
Citizen Staff Reports 08/20/2017 General NewsNon-Profits
The KLM Scholarship Foundation awarded more than $38,000 in book scholarships to 36 students during its 2017 Book Scholarship Awards Ceremony at Linwood Holton Elementary School in Richmond Aug. 5. The students will attend 14 Virginia colleges in the fall. Each has excelled academically, maintaining a 3.0 GPA or better, while demonstrating strong community leadership qualities.
WWBT/NBC12 Raycom Media Vice President and General Manager Kym Grinnage was the guest speaker. > Read more.
Dave Peppler, pastor
By Ashley Luck, Special to the Citizen 08/20/2017 General NewsReligion
Dave Peppler, pastor of Chamberlayne Baptist Church, remembers the epiphany he had on a cold afternoon in northern Ohio when God gave him a sense of direction, after he had been wondering what life had in store for him. It was then that he knew that he wanted to become a pastor and serve God.
Peppler, a Delaware native who grew up in Ohio, was ordained in Brownsboro, Ky. in 1998, but his education didn't end there. > Read more.
International goals
Citizen Staff Reports 08/18/2017 FeaturesGeneral News
A group of youth soccer players – most from Henrico – and local soccer coaches spent a week in Kazakhstan this month as part of a VCU Center for Sport Leadership program.
The group's trip to Astana, Kazakhstan was made possible by a $700,000 grant awarded to CSL Executive Director Carrie LeCrom by the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Education and Cultural Affairs through its Sports Diplomacy Division. > Read more.
Henrico promotional company changes name
Citizen Staff Reports 08/18/2017 BusinessGeneral News
Henrico-based brand merchandising company NewClients, Inc. has changed its name to Boost Promotional Branding.
The company is one of the nation's largest in the branded merchandise industry. Founded in 1981, its serves more than 5,000 clients – including many Fortune 500 companies – nationwide. > Read more.
Henrico promotional company changes name
Lidl competition offers shoppers chance to win NYC trip
Glen Allen advances in 14U Babe Ruth World Series
Earnhardt gives Redskins a ride
READ Center a finalist for $25k grant
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Print Edition
Aug. 17, 2017Current edition | Archive
Registration begins Saturday for Henrico Recreation & Parks fall classes
Weekend Top 10
Weekend Top 10
CAT Theatre to host Red Eye 10s International Play Festival
Restaurant Watch
- More Entertainment
Obituary - Dorothy M. Wade
Obituary – Mark Leon Thompson, Jr.
Obituary – James Douglas Shaffer
- More Obituaries
National Night Out events planned tomorrow
Glen Allen woman raising companion dog
Guided tour of Malvern Hill planned as part of 'History at Sunset' series
- More Community
Growing a grown-up: Part II
How to grow an adult
Make 'em take the pledge: no more snuff boxes!
- More Opinions
SunTrust to sponsor raceways's military appreciation program
Code Lacrosse joins Richmond Strikers
5 Henrico student-athletes win scholarships at awards dinner
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|August 2017
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CalendarCountry-rock troubadour Jonathan Edwards will perform at 8 p.m. at The Tin Pan, 8982 Quioccasin Rd. Edwards is best known for his 1971 hit "Sunshine (Go Away)," as well as "Honky Tonk Stardust Cowboy," "Sometimes," "Emma," and "One Day Closer." His latest album is titled "Tomorrow's Child." Tickets are $30 in advance and $35 at the door. Doors open at 6 p.m. For details, call 447-8189 or visit http://www.tinpanrva.com. Full text


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Buffalo Bill Cody
By: Hannah Stillmock
Buffalo Bill was a hunter. One of the main things he hunted for was buffalo. He wanted to be the family leader and he never gave up trying. He set sail to work for supply trains. To learn more about Buffalo Bill Cody read on in this photo essay.
Early Life
Buffalo Bill Cody was born in Scott county in Iowa. He was born on Feb. 26 1846. His real name Is William F. Cody. The main thing he hunted for was buffalo, he also hunted for deer, rabbits, of food and other kinds of food . When his father died when he was 8 years old. Buffalo Bill, his brother, and his mother moved to Kansas. His brother died when he was 12 years old in a horse accident. He got his nick name by working as a buffalo hunter. When his father died when he was 8 years old. Buffalo Bill, his brother, and his mother moved to Kansas
Adult Life
In 1893 Cody lived on a ranch in Wyoming. His friends and him did fancy shooting, mock battles, and trick horseback riding. In 1868 he returned to his work as a buffalo hunter. He died on Jan 10,1917 why he was visiting his sister in Denver, Colorado. He was buried on a look out mountain in Denver.
He killed over 4,280 heads of buffalo in 17 months. Later on he got a job at the Pony Express. He delivered mail to the Pony Express. He also had a show called THE WILD WILD WEST which begun on December 17 1872. His first show was in Omaha. Another accomplishment is he set out to earn the family living and working for supply trains.
From reading this photo essay you learned that Buffalo Bill hunted for lots of buffalo. Now scene Buffalo Bill is a Notable Nebraskan we know that he is a good person. He was famous for many things. For example he had a wild west show that gave us entertainment.
Savage, William W. , Jr. "Buffalo Bill." World Book Student.
"buffalo bill cody." biography.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2015.
Lukesh, Jean A. The Nebraska Advnture. Layton: Gidds Smith, 2005. Print.


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It seems the phrase "hell on Earth" was off… by about 400 light years.
Researchers announced on Wednesday, in the journal Nature, the discovery of an Earth-like planet called Kepler-78B in the constellation Cygnus.
It's unique because it is the first known Earth-sized planet with an Earth-like density, the researchers say. Because it has a density similar to Earth, it likely shares an iron and rock composition with the Earth.
But it's also a "scorching lava world" that orbits the star Kepler-78 every eight and a half hours at a distance of less than one million miles.
It is 2,000 degrees Celsius hotter than Earth's hottest day, Discovery reported. The surface would be molten rock and the atmosphere would be almost non-existent.
"It's certainly not a habitable planet," University of Geneva professor Francesco Pepe told The New York Times.
What has astronomers more confused, however, is the planet's origin.
More from GlobalPost: Strange blue world cries tears of glass
According to current theories of planet formation, it couldn't have formed so close to its star, nor could it have moved there.
"This planet is a complete mystery," said David Latham, a Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics astronomer. "We don't know how it formed or how it got to where it is today. What we do know is that it's not going to last forever."
Gravitational tides will draw it even closer to its star. Eventually, it will move so close that the star's gravity will rip the world apart.
"Kepler-78B is going to end up in the star very soon, astronomically speaking," fellow CfA astronomer Dimitar Sasselov said.
That would be about three billion years. Tops.
According to Latham, Kepler-78B is a member of a new class of planets recently identified in data from NASA's Kepler spacecraft. These newfound worlds all orbit their stars with periods of less than 12 hours. They're also small, about the size of Earth. Kepler-78B is the first planet in the new class to have its mass measured.
"Kepler-78B is the poster child for this new class of planets," Latham said.
Let's just hope the rest aren't so darn hot.
More from GlobalPost: NASA's new planet pretty in pink


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Night Clubs > Other Lounges
Grand Analog "Modern Thunder" CD release
Winnipeg/Toronto outfit, Grand Analog re-introduces the city to their dirty manual world of sound with their much anticipated CD "Modern Thunder." ride the light fantastic as a mix of Hip Hop/Dub & Funk greet your ears. Performances by The Happy Unfortunate, Len Bowen, DJ Andrina Turenne & DJ Ofield
Union Sound Hall
114 Market Ave.
Thursday, August 22, 2013 at 9:00 PM


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Friday, Sept. 12, 2014 8 p.m. to 10 p.m.
Location: Collins Center for the Arts, University of Maine, Orono, ME
For more information: 1-800-622-8499; collinscenterforthearts.com
moe. is the preeminent progressive rock band on the music scene today. With 20 years of touring and just as many albums under its belt, the quintet of Al Schnier and Chuck Garvey on guitars and vocals, Rob Derhak on bass and vocals, Jim Loughlin on percussion and vibes, and Vinnie Amico on Drums, continues to push the standard for performance art.
Critical acclaim and a solid national and international fan base has built a
dedicated following that grows each year. Whether touring across the globe,
headlining music festivals, or sharing the stage with such celebrated acts
as the Allmans, The Who, or Robert Plant, among others, what keeps moe. at
the forefront of the music scene is not only the energy and vitality of
their music and songwriting, but the showmanship in which it is delivered.
This post was contributed by a community member. Submit your news →


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New Delhi, Sept. 6: Two crucial provisions in the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Interest and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, enabling banks and financial institutions to attach the personal property of a borrower, may undergo a drastic change with the Supreme Court staying the attachment of residential property of the owner of Amulet International.
A bench headed by Chief Justice V. . Khare has clearly indicated that sections 13 and 17 of the act needs to be redrafted.
Under section 13 (4), a bank or financial institution that has lent money to a company or any other person could attach the personal property of the borrower like his house, farm house etc.
The bank or the financial institution could even create third party interest by selling the company, firm or the business whose owner has borrowed money and take over the management also.
However, under section 17, the debt recovery tribunal (DRT) can award compensation to the affected party if it feels that the loss caused to the borrower was illegal. But then what came for debate before the apex court is that the DRT has no proper procedure and guidelines to award compensation.
Counsel for Amulet B. Devasekhar argued that once even the personal property like a borrowers residential premises is attached and sold or third party interest created, what would be the remedy available is not clear in the Act". Amulet owner Bhupinder Singhs residential premises, K-43, Kailash Colony, New Delhi, was attached by the Punjab Sindh Bank (PSB) but was subsequently stayed by the apex court.
During the proceedings, the Chief Justice summoned attorney general Soli Sorabjee and told him that these two provisions of law required to be "redrafted". According to Devasekhar, right to Life under article 21 would be infringed upon, if section 13 permits attachment of even residential accommodation of a borrower.
In a letter to the attorney general, Devasekhar contended that exemption of residential premises from the ambit of the securitisation act was mandated under the constitutional provision of right to life under article 21 as well as under section 60 (1) ccc of the Civil Procedure Code which says residential property is not liable for attachment as it is connected with right to life of the owner or holder of such property".
Devasekhar also cited a judgement of the apex court in the Kiran Bala case in 1996 in which the apex court had exempted the residential premises from attachment under similar circumstances.
Various companies owe about Rs 80,000 crore to banks and financial institutions across the country. About 46 percentage of non-performing assets (NPA) are in the category of one lakh to one crore. The act does not apply to NPAs less than Rs 1 lakh.


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- Plane traveling is awesome!Vote A
- Plane traveling... it's okay, just needed it to get from A to BVote B
- I hate planes! So scary! :(Vote C
- I have never flown before ;oVote D
Most Helpful Guy
Take-off is kind of cool. Landing is kind of cool. Everything in between is boring, crowded, stuck in a tiny seat, and I just want off the damn plane. Sitting next to someone talkative helps, but I still just want to get off the plane.
I don't like non-stop flights. I intentionally schedule multiple stops with shorted legs.
I'd much rather drive if I have the time. Nothing beats a good road trip.10|10|0
go somewhere far, i was on a 30 hour flight and the seats were comfy as fuck!
Actually I really dread the thought of a long flight like that. Even an eight hour flight over the ocean sounds dreadful to me. Like a flight from NYC to London. I don't know if I could do it. If I did, I think I'd bring some drugs to knock myself out. I can't even imagine going on one of those 24-30 hour flights to Australia or something. Three hours is about my limit. Five hours is too long and starts to drive me nuts.
it's really not that bad. just watch some movies. i think i watched like 5 movies and 2 tv series. i stayed up all 30 hours (ewr-->lax-->fiji... sydney-->lax-->at-->ewr). it's so dope. especially when you're over land. i remember when i was on my way to italy and looking over france and germany. then again, i guess i'm used to long trips. i can drive (or sit) 10+ hours in a car like it's nothing. i live in nj and my dad is from sova and went to school in nocar.


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"I make a certain type of music. That brings out a certain type of element. You mix that with drugs and alcohol, that evening can turn into something different. And I watched my road manager be like — somebody being belligerent, he'd say, "You know what, boss? You got it. I'm
Tag: king push
Total 1 Post


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See, I'm a junior in high school, and, after three years of crap, I've basically given up. I'm angry, depressed, and have managed to suppress most of my emotions by now. After three years of dealing with them, I finally realized, I can't score with girls my age, nor can I trust them, see, they're all the same, they've all either rejected me, lead me on, or manipulated me (mostly lead me on). By now, I have absolutely no amount of respect, either for my self or other people, and what ever good there was in me is pretty much going or gone. So, I finally decided, I may as well just toss my remaining amounts of self respect out the window and start trying to date freshman, I mean, every girl my age would either reject me or has a boyfriend, but I know freshman are usually desperate, so I could pretty easily just get what I want from them and toss them away (girls do the same). I figured, if I since I couldn't get a girlfriend even though I'm heading to senior year, I'll just take a freshman to prom next year. I am just, so bitter at this point, most of the people at my school have had girlfriends, and at least half of them have lost their virginities, and I'm sick of being the loser everyone looks down on. So, what do you guys think, if I can't get other seniors, I may as well just go for freshman, like I said, they're usually desperate for upperclassmen anyway, do you think I can?
Most Helpful Girl
What else matters?
- Show AllShow Less
I want to meet a girl I actually care about, but the one time I did, I screwed up, so, this was all I could think to want at this point, but, I guess you're right.
Hey! Dude that happens. It sucks so bad. I have feelings for a guy and I fucked it up and now I feel like shit. But, that's part of life :/ you move on. New people will come into your life


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LONDON -- Switzerland's Roger Federer and
Belgian Kim Clijsters were named 2005 world champions by the
governing body of tennis (ITF) on Monday.
World No. 1 Federer is the sixth man to win the award
for two consecutive years after Bjorn Borg, John McEnroe, Ivan
Lendl, Pete Sampras and Lleyton Hewitt, the ITF said in a
He won 11 titles including Wimbledon and the U.S. Open in
Clijsters finished the season ranked second behind Lindsay
Davenport after a superb comeback from a wrist injury.
She won the U.S. Open, her first grand slam title, after
starting the year ranked outside the top 100.


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Lynne Kavanagh-Jones
Location: Prenton CH43
Concerns I deal with: more conditions
Age Groups I work with: Teens, Adults, Elders,
I am a fully qualified Master Hypnotherapist and Life Coach. I have been established since 2007 which gives me a vast amount of knowledge experience and sucess rates when working with clients varied problems. My practice is ran from my treatment room... read more about Lynne Kavanagh-Jones
Location: Liverpool L9 2AP
Concerns I deal with: Pilates, Usui Reiki, Aggression, Anger Management, Boredom, Bullying, Depression, Fear, Low Self Confidence, Low Self Esteem, ...more conditions
Age Groups I work with: Children, Teens, Adults, Elders,
I have been coaching in Liverpool since 1986. I am also a fully qualified Hypnotherapist in Liverpool. I hold a Master Diploma in Hypnotherapy and NLP. I also offer Personal Fitness Training within the Liverpool Area. If you are looking for a hypnoth... read more about LIVERPOOL SOMA COACHING
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So i've been dating this guy for a long while now and we are comming on our senior year of college and soon graduation which I must confess that I'm not sure if we will be able to stay together after gradution. However, when we started dating he was a virgin in sex and dating (a few flings with making out but never anything serious and never had a girlfriend before) and has been loyally at my side since we started dating.
My question to you all out there is- how can he know that I'm the one for him? He talks to me about getting our own place one day and staying together past college but something about it bugs me. I have a feeling like there's something better out there, and at the same time I feel I can't imagine being without him in my life. But i'm worried that he hasn't expereinced enough, that he's staying with me because I'm his first everything and he doesn't want to lose that.
Thanks for reading :)
Most Helpful Guy
This is more about you then him isn't it?
"I'm not sure if we will be able to stay together after gradution."
"has been loyally at my side"
"I have a feeling like there's something better out there"
Are red flags and signs of doubt in your mind. Make sure you sort out your feelings about him before trying to figure out how he feels about you.
That being said, you are probably right about your last point.10|10|0


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Workouts That Help You Feel Better About Your Body
Mind-body exercises can give your body image a boost, practitioners say.
By Barbara Russi Sarnataro
Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD
Ever since she first saw the movie Dr. Zhivago, Barbara Moroney had longed for Julie Christie's nose -- and her 21-inch waist. Oh, and a couple of extra inches of height wouldn't be bad either. Moroney was petite, not overweight, but she still didn't like what she saw in the mirror.
After she started practicing yoga, all that changed.
"In the first couple of months, I started feeling this release of all this tension," Moroney tells WebMD. A few years later, she says, "I realized that the ideal image I had of my body no longer worked for me. The realization made me focus on how I could change."
Even in the midst of a culture that promotes dissatisfaction with our appearance, adherents say that yoga, Pilates, and other mind-body exercises can teach us respect for our bodies -- whatever their shape.
"Body image, how we view ourselves, often lacks compassion," says Steven Hartman, director of professional training at the Kripalu Center for Yoga and Health in Lenox, Mass. "Many of us learn at an early age how to disconnect from our body and our body's signals. We learn not to pay attention to pain, to joy in our bodies."


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|Standard PCB Specifications
|Custom PCB Specifications
|2, 4
|2, 4, 6, 8
|0.062" (1.6mm)
|0.062" (1.6mm) standard, 0.008″-0.248″ (0.2mm – 6.3mm) custom
|PCB Thickness Increment
|0.0004″ (0.01mm)
|Max Dimensions
|15.5" x 15.5" (393.7mm x 393.7mm)
|15.5" x 15.5" (393.7mm x 393.7mm)
|Minimum Billable Area
|1 square inch (25.4mm)
|25 square inches (635mm)
|Copper Weight
|1 ounce (35um)
|1 ounce (35um), 2 ounce (70um)
|Silkscreen Color
|Red, green, blue, yellow, black, white
|Soldermask Color
|Red, green, light green, matte green, blue, yellow, black, matte black, white, extreme white, dark brown, transparent
|Impedance Control
|Board Edge (Routing) Tolerance
|± 0.006″ (0.15mm)
|± 0.006″ (0.15mm)
Click here to download the MacroFab PCB stackup datasheet.
Click here to download the MacroFab manufacturing capabilities datasheet.
Click here to download the PCB Manufacturing Standards.
Click here to download the FR4 datasheet.
Click here to download the R-500 GHB Soldermask Datasheet
|Standard Manufacturing
|Extended Manufacturing
|Extended Drill
|Minimum trace width
|5 mil (0.13mm)
|3 mil (0.08mm)
|Minimum spacing
|5 mil (0.13mm)
|3 mil (0.08mm)
|Minimum annular ring
|6 mil (0.16mm)
|3 mil (0.08mm)
|Clearances from edge of board
|10 mil (0.16mm)
|3 mil (0.08mm)
|Minimum drill size
|12 mil (0.305mm)
|12 mil (0.305mm)
|4 mil (0.1mm)
The parts to be assembled onto a PCB must be equal to or larger then the following specifications.
|Standard Manufacturing
|Extended Manufacturing
|Chip Components
|0402 40 mil x 20 mil (1mm x 0.5mm)
|0201 20 mil x 10 mil (0.5mm x 0.25mm)
|Leaded Packages
|11.8 mil (0.3mm) Lead Pitch
|11.8 mil (0.3mm) Lead Pitch
|15.7 mil (0.4mm) Ball Pitch
|15.7 mil (0.4mm) Ball Pitch
We support SMD, both leaded and leadless, BGA, PTH, hybrid, SoP, and daughter-board style components. We do not currently support chip-on-board, or PCB integrated components. Inquire about support for stacked packages and flip-chip which can be done on a case-by-case basis.
We support dual-sided assembly at no extra charge.
Yes, we perform build-box assembly, and you can even specify build instructions and receive quotes by creating a Product on the MacroFab Platform.
All of our assembly services are provided in-house at our facility in Houston, Texas.
Our assembly line includes Mycronic MY200 pick and place machines, Mycronic MY500 paste jetters, Universal GSM2 pick and place machines, Electrovert Reflow Ovens, and RPS Rhythm Selective Solder machines. We also have process ovens for MSL requirements, automated wire cutting machines, and a wide array of hand-soldering/rework systems on our line.
Unless otherwise requested, all assemblies are built to meet IPC-610-D Class 2 acceptance criteria.
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We are unable to use leaded, non-RoHS, or HMP solder in our processes.
We currently use water-soluble fluxes and no-clean fluxes in our assemblies. All boards are water-washed during the assembly process, but small amounts of no-clean flux will remain after washing.
If your board components are water-sensitive, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com before submitting an order.
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Our goal is always to ensure that you have great, working products that exceed your specifications at a great price. We stand behind our work and will resolve any issues that arise. Please don't hesitate to contact us if you run into any problems.


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Posts Tagged ' Aksaray '
Apr 20
Akdeniz Hatay Sofrası: The Syrian ConnectionFiled under Reviews (Eats)
The only positive thing about the torturous annual visit we make to Istanbul's main police station in order to renew our residence permit is the chance to drive through the low-rent Aksaray neighborhood, home to dozens of intriguing off-the-beaten path restaurants, most of them opened by migrants from other parts of Turkey.
On our last trip through the area, we noticed a large, newish-looking sign belonging to a restaurant called Akdeniz Hatay Sofrası. Continue…
Recent Comments
- Nuria on Urfa Şark Sofrası: Bleating Good
- admin on Emin Usta: Fish Sandwich Superhero
- yvonne on Emin Usta: Fish Sandwich Superhero
- John Guglielmi on Istanbul Eats on the Road: In Antep, It's Never Too Early for Kebab and Baklava
- Evren on Rumeli Tatlı ve Börek Evi: Less Is More
Quick Look
Recent Posts
Öz Develi Etli Pide Salonu: Hometown Pride
no responses - Posted 08.18.17
The tiny Öz Develi Etli Pide Salonu is nestled in a narrow backstreet in Istanbul's Tarlabaşı neighborhood, a place that is much more synonymous with crime, gentrification and crass urban development (in that order) than it is with regional culinary specialties. But Öz Develi's speciality, the cıvıklı pide, is so enticing that it attracts diners from all over the city to ... continue
Astek Restaurant: Buzz Lifter
no responses - Posted 07.10.17
First-time visitors to Astek probably step in for the same reason most people convene at a reputable Istanbul meyhane: Good conversation in a cozy setting over a few cold glasses of rakı, together with fresh melon and white cheese, and perhaps a hot appetizer or two once the anise-based spirit has succeeded in seriously stimulating the appetite. And while one is ... continue
Vefa Gazozcusu: Nobody Beats the Fizz
no responses - Posted 06.21.17
Istanbul's Vefa neighborhood is home to a rich collection of historic treasures. Framed by the vast and beautiful 4th-century Valens Aqueducts, Vefa is in the heart of the old city but retains a sense of locality and rusty charm perhaps lost in the more touristy neighborhoods nearby. Among its institutions is Vefa Bozacısı, which has sold boza – a thick, ... continue
Mahir Lokantası: No Empty Suit
no responses - Posted 05.23.17
The backstreets of Istanbul's Osmanbey quarter are loaded with fabric shops, while the adjacent thoroughfare of Halaskargazi Avenue is a busy shopping area lined with chain clothing stores and hotels. Come here for a cheap shiny suit, but don't expect to find rewarding culinary adventures, as most of the area's restaurants offer fast food that manages to be both overpriced ... continue
Saruja: Return to Mom's Kitchen
no responses - Posted 04.28.17
Perhaps nowhere else is it clearer that as many as one million Syrians have settled down in Istanbul than in the city's historic Fatih district. The neighborhood is home to the city's immigration headquarters (Fatih Emniyet), and the backstreets leading up to it are among the most transformed, since Syrians and other new arrivals end up spending hours there, often ... continue
Fıccın: The Expanding Circassian Sensation
no responses - Posted 04.13.17
When Leyla Kılıç Karakaynak opened up a tiny restaurant on Kallavi Street in Istanbul's Beyoğlu district in 1996, she couldn't have predicted that she would end up practically running the whole street. That small restaurant, Fıccın, is now spread across six buildings on the same block-long pedestrian-only street and has become an Istanbul institution. The restaurant shares its name with its ... continue
Ben-u Sen: Daily Blessings
no responses - Posted 03.06.17
Istanbul's Kurtuluş neighborhood is home to a number of slow-burners, establishments that may be hidden in plain view due to their plainness but that end up becoming some of our favorites. Gimmicks don't fly in down-to-earth Kurtuluş, where neighborly ties are strong and home-cooked meals are preferred. Tucked on a side street in the middle of the quarter is a ... continue
- Advice Aksaray alcohol served Arnavutköy Asian side baklava beans Beyoğlu Beşiktaş Black Sea cuisine Bosphorus breakfast dessert dumplings Eminönü esnaf lokantası Fatih fish Grand Bazaar grill hamsi Istanbul Eats Istanbul restaurants Kadıköy Karaköy kaymak kebab köfte künefe liver mantı meyhane meze milk puddings News out of town places with a view seafood Southeastern cuisine specialty foods street food Taksim traditional foods Turkish wine vegetarian
- Öz Develi Etli Pide Salonu: Hometown Pride
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Question: Reoviruses contain genomes that are unique in all of biology
Reoviruses contain genomes that are unique in all of biology. Why? Why can't reovirus replication occur in the host cytoplasm? Contrast reovirus genomic replication events with those of a cell. Why can it be said that reovirus genome replication is not semiconservative even though the reovirus genome consists of complementary strands?
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Answer to relevant QuestionsWrite a one-sentence definition of the term "genotype." Do the same for "phenotype." Does the phenotype of an organism automatically change when a change in genotype occurs? Why or why not? Can phenotype change without a ...Explain why an Escherichia coli strain that is His− is an auxotroph and one that is Lac− is not. A constitutive mutant is a strain that continuously makes a protein that is inducible in the wild type. Describe two ways in which a change in a DNA molecule could lead to the emergence of a constitutive mutant. How could ...How has bacteriophage T7 been used in expressing foreign genes in Escherichia coli, and what desirable features does this regulatory system possess? Genetic engineering depends on vectors. Describe the properties needed in a well-designed plasmid cloning vector.
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#7 – C – Nik Yaremchuk
The reliable and creative Yaremchuk is a native of St. Albert and is returning for his 4th campaign as a member of the Eagles. "Yammer" will be called upon to generate offense on one of the scoring lines with the club this season, in his career with the Eagles he has amassed a total of 51 points in 51 career games.
Yaremchuk, a four year member of the Sherwood Park Crusaders enjoyed a very impactful AJHL career as he totalled 77 goals, 97 assists for 174 points in 169 career games with the Cru from 2005-2009. During his time with the Crusaders, he was recognized as a member of the AJHL North Division All-Star team in 2008 and 2009. He was the team's scoring leader in 2007-2008 with a total of 67 points in 60 games.
His offensive skill and work ethic later led him to an NCAA Division I scholarship with the University of Alaska Fairbanks Nanooks of the CCHA where he studied Business Administration from 2009 – 2013. While being a member of the Nanooks, Yaremchuk played in 144 games registering 31 goals, 48 assists for a total of 79 points. During his Freshman year, Nik recorded 24 points in 39 games that season which was good for 4th in team scoring and led him to be named an Honorable Mention for the CCHA All-Rookie team. As a sophomore he tied for 1st on the team in GWG (3), two of which were back-to-back overtime winners against Michigan State in the first round of the CCHA playoffs. Nik's sophomore season, on and off the ice did not go without recognition as he was named as the team's Top Playoff Performer as well as being recognized for Academic Honors by the Athletic Department.
Following his career at Alaska Fairbanks, Yaremchuk was signed to a contract with the Wichita Thunder of the Central Hockey League, where he and future Eagle Burke Gallimore were teammates. After a short stint in Wichita he returned to Alberta and has been a member of the Eagles since then. We are extremely excited to have Nik back in the fold and look forward to seeing his growth as a player continue.


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Short clip demonstrating the preview version of my WoT Top Gear voice pack. Check out the forums for my as well as many other great WoT Mods. forum.worldoftanks.com Link to more information and progress on this voice pack. forum.worldoftanks.com Link to this Preview Voice Pack adf.ly C&C Music Pack by Skitey forum.worldoftanks.com
Top Gear, World of Tanks, wot, Voice Pack


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Title: Inconceivable!
Published Date: 16th November 2015
When Ozarks native Hatty goes "whole hog" during karaoke, she catches the eye of Prince John. He isn't what she expects the heir to a small European nation to be: he's affable, witty, and isn't put off by her tell-it-like-it-is demeanor. Their flirtation should be short lived, but a force stronger than fate—Hatty's newspaper editor—assigns her to cover the royals. After spending time together, she and John soon begin dating, and Hatty finds herself making headlines instead of writing them.
But challenges loom that are even more complicated than figuring out how to mesh Hatty's journalism career with life at Belvoir Palace. Hatty and John soon find themselves embroiled in an unusual sex scandal: they can't produce an heir. Tabloids dub Hatty a "Barren-ess," and the royals become irate. Hatty politely tells them to shove it. But beneath her confident exterior, she struggles to cope with a heartbreak that invades her most intimate moments with John. Pressured to choose between invasive medical procedures and abandoning John's claim to the throne, the couple feels trapped until a trip to Ethiopia shows them happy endings sometimes arrive long after saying "I do."
|Hatty's life motto.


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In many many posts I have internal links directing to other posts in my forum. But as these links are text inside of posts they are still showing the old vB URL structure. When clicking these links it always directs me to old vB posts not to new XF posts.
How can I find and change these internal links so that the point to right XF posts?


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We discuss Mitt Romney's New Hampshire win, and how this separates him from the field. Also, John Huntsman drops out and gives Mitt the endorsemsent.
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Your Northwest Area Representatives:
2016-2017 Northwest Area Representatives: Kory Meinhart , Don Wachowiak
2016-2017 Northwest Area State Thespian Officer: Emma Koralewski , Twitter: @NWAreaSTO
2017-2018 Northwest Area State Thespian Officer: Elizabeth Atkins
2016 Northwest Area Conference Host:: Kelly McBane, The University of Toledo Department of Theatre and Film
2016 Northwest Area Thespian Conference:
Saturday, December 10, 2016 from 9a-4p at The University of Toledo Center for the Performing Arts
- Troupe Directors: This year's registration information will available by clicking a link below.
- Students: Get your registration information from your Troupe Director at your home school.
- Student delegates are encouraged to wear their troupe's spirit wear or show shirts and/or school colors to represent their troupe throughout the day
Registration is open. The registration deadline is November 18, 2016.
Register at this link: http://www.planetreg.com/nwarea2017 or by clicking the button below.
Important Documents:
Troupe Director Code of Conduct Form
Delegate Code of Conduct & Emergency Medical Form
Northwest Area Theatre Educator Network (TEN) Meetings:
2016-2017 Meetings:
Sunday, 9/18 at 1:00p at Springfield. HS
Saturday, 12/3 at 9:30a at UT CPA
Saturday, 2/11 at 9:30a at Perrysburg HS
Saturday, 5/6 at 9:30a at Southview HS
September 15-18, TEN Express Playfest: Express Playfest Poster/Info Express Playfest Registration Form
December 10, Area Conference at UT CPA
Mar 24-26, State Conference at Dublin Scioto HS
Northwest Area StARS:
Northwest StARs (Student Area Representatives) are troupe members from all over Northwest Ohio area that meet in order to plan Northwest Area Thespian Conference. It is a great way to network with other theatre students from all over Northwest Area, as well as be involved in theatre and share your Thespian ideas and enthusiasm in something greater than just your school program. In order to be a STO (State Thespian Officer) from Northwest Area, you must first be a StAR.
2016 Meeting Dates:
9/24, 10a-12p at Springfield HS
10/15, 10a-12p at Springfield HS
11/19, 10a-12p at Springfield HS
12/3, 10a-12p at The University of Toledo CPA
12/9 6p-9p at The University of Toledo CPA
12/10, 8a-5p at The University of Toledo CPA (NW Area Conference)
2016-2017 NW Area StARs Handout
StARs attend 5 meetings prior to NW Area Conference. If you miss 1 meeting, you lose your free T-shirt. If you miss 2 meetings, you lose free registration to NW Area Conference. If you miss 3 or more meetings, you lose the right to call yourself a StAR.
2016-2017 NW Area School/Community Productions:
Click here to see upcoming school productions in the NW Area
Click here to see upcoming community theatre productions in the NW Area
Last Updated: 10/17/2016


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Check out the UFC Fight Night 26 Fight Highlights Video of the welterweight battle between Matt Brown and Mike Pyle.
Matt Brown was dominant knocking out Mike Pyle on the main card at UFC Fight Night 26 from Boston on Saturday night.
There's an unmistakable feeling that happens every time Matt Brown steps inside the cage for a fight; it is literally like a Pantera song come
Thursday's edition of MMA's Great Debate Radio focuses on UFC Fight Night 26, with picks and predictions for the entire main card. Plus, we welcome
UFC Fight Night 26 Live Results Home Page Matt Brown vs. Mike Pyle Round 1: Brown takes the center of the cage. Brown lands an
An injury has forced UFC welterweight Thiago Alves off of the Aug. 17 UFC on Fox Sports 1 fight card in Boston. Mike Pyle steps
UFC welterweights Matt Brown and Thiago Alves have verbally agreed to fight on Aug. 17 at TD Gardens in Boston, marking the launch of Fox
UFC on FOX 7 Highlights Video: Matt Brown vs. Jordan Mein
As long as he keeps winning it doesn't matter what the media or anyone else has to say, an eventual title shot is within Matt
Matt Brown and Jordan Mein are two of the hottest welterweight contenders in MMA right now, and they showed why as they opened UFC on
MMA's Great Debate Radio is back with special guests from this weekend's UFC on Fox 7 card Daniel Cormier and Matt Brown, along with the
Dan Hardy is out and Jordan Mein is in against Matt Brown at UFC on Fox 7.
UFC on Fox 7 is filling up fast and the latest addition is a welterweight contest with "Fight of the Night" written all over it.
Check out the Fox's video highlights of the UFC on Fox 5 fight between Mike Swick and Matt Brown from Saturday night's show in Seattle.
Matt Brown was dominant in his second round knockout win over Mike Swick at UFC on Fox 5 from the KeyArena in Seattle.
MMAWeekly Radio returns for Tuesday's show with UFC on Fox 5 fighters Matt Brown and John Albert as well as TUF 16's Sam Alvey plus
UFC on FX 4 play-by-play of Matt Brown vs. Luis Ramos.
Matt Brown talks about why he took a short notice fight against Luis Ramos at UFC on FX 4. The simple answer is because he's
Former Ultimate Fighter competitor Matt Brown has agreed to step in and face Luis Ramos at UFC on FX 4 coming up on June 22
MMAWeekly.com Radio Weekend Edition is back with King Mo breaking things down and talking about his suspension, UFC 145's Matt Brown, and ESPN's Josh Gross.
Matt Brown wanted to see if Stephen 'Wonderboy' Thompson was more hype or reality, and after a unanimous decision win at UFC 145, 'The Immortal'
Matt Brown has heard all about Stephen 'Wonderboy' Thompson and on Saturday night he says we'll find out if it's hype or reality.
Stephen Thompson knows people expect a follow-up to his spectacular debut knockout, but he's focusing on winning against a tough veteran.
UFC 145: Jones vs. Evans live play-by-play of Matt Brown vs. Stephen Thompson on Saturday, April 21 in Atlanta.
Stephen 'Wonderboy' Thompson has heard it all. His record is overinflated, they don't like his nickname, etc. Instead of letting it bother him, he uses
For all the hype that surrounded Stephen 'Wonderboy' Thompson after his fight at UFC 143, one person that wasn't jumping on the bandwagon was 'Ultimate
A welterweight fight is in the works with dynamite written all over it. Fresh off of his 'Knockout of the Night' debut at UFC 143,
MMAWeekly.com caught up with Matt Brown following his second-round knockout of Chris Cope at UFC 143. He plans to keep plugging away until he becomes


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'"I'm really happy that I'm going to be back here in Buffalo," Mair told the Buffalo News. "It's something that was always at the top of my list. Everything went smoothly, and I think all sides are happy."'
Note: While we are busy tweaking the front page design to make it more appealing and functional (especially for our mobile readers), you may notice odd layout errors. Please hit "control-F5" to refresh the page and load the latest files. Thank you!