text:
|Baith Israel Anshei Emes Synagogue
| 350px
Synagogue sanctuary.
|Basic information
| 236 Kane Street,Cobble Hill, Brooklyn,
New York City, Template:Flag
|Geographic coordinates
|40°41′08″N 73°59′43″W / 40.6856°N 73.99524°WCoordinates: 40°41′08″N 73°59′43″W / 40.6856°N 73.99524°W
|Conservative Judaism
| Rabbi: Samuel H. Weintraub[1]
President: Jay Brodsky[1]
|Architectural description
|Architectural style
|Romanesque revival[2][3][4]
|Direction of facade
|Year completed
Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes[6] (Hebrew: בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת, "House of Israel – People of Truth"), more commonly known as the Kane Street Synagogue, is an egalitarian Conservative synagogue located at 236 Kane Street in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, New York City, United States. It is currently the oldest continuously operating synagogue in Brooklyn.[7][8]
Founded as Baith Israel in 1856,[9] the congregation constructed the first synagogue on Long Island,[2] and hired Rabbi Aaron Wise for his first rabbinical position in the United States.[10] Early tensions between traditionalists and reformers led to the latter forming Congregation Beth Elohim, a Reform synagogue, in 1861.[11]
The synagogue nearly failed in the early 1900s,[2][12] but the 1905 hiring of Israel Goldfarb as rabbi, the purchase of its current buildings, and the 1908 merger with Talmud Torah Anshei Emes re-invigorated the congregation.[2] The famous composer Aaron Copland celebrated his Bar Mitzvah there in 1913,[13] and long-time Goldman Sachs head Sidney Weinberg was married there in 1920.[14][15]
Membership peaked in the 1920s, but with the onset of the Great Depression declined steadily, and by the 1970s the congregation could no longer afford to heat the sanctuary.[16][17] Membership has recovered since that low point; the congregation renovated its school/community center in 2004, and in 2008 embarked on a million-dollar capital campaign to renovate the sanctuary.[18][19]
19th century
Twelve Bavarian, Dutch, and Portuguese Jews[20] gathered at a private home on January 22, 1856 to discuss their "earnest desire [to] effect the incorporation of a synagogue and congregation for divine service",[10] and in March that year[9] they founded Congregation Baith Israel. The group had originally organized in 1855 as the United Brethren Society, a benefit society that provided members with medical and burial assistance.[21] Hiring the Reverend M. Gershon[22] as cantor (the person who leads the prayers),[23] they first met in various homes, then rented space at 155 Atlantic Street, now Atlantic Avenue.[11][24]
Gershon's appointment was controversial; after a background check, the board decided by a 10–9 vote on April 6, 1856, that he had never held the position of cantor in any other congregation, and was therefore not "sufficiently acquainted with the actual requirements to fill said office", and was furthermore not "a competent reader enough to read the Sepher Torah".[23] As a result, services were led by laymen,[25] except during the Jewish holidays, when a professional cantor would be brought in from Manhattan.[26]
An 1886 Brooklyn Eagle article states that until the founding of Baith Israel "[h]itherto the Hebrew residents in Brooklyn had been under the necessity of finding their way across the East River in all kinds of weather, when they wished to go to their place of worship".[27] According to synagogue legend, the founders had grown tired of rowing across the East River each Friday to celebrate Shabbat in Manhattan.[28] Carol Levin, however, writes that a ferry service from Whitehall Street in Manhattan to South Ferry, Brooklyn (at the foot of Atlantic Street) had existed since 1836 (see South Ferry (ferry)), that the Atlantic Street Synagogue's location, so close to the ferry terminus, "must have seemed convenient to many", and that "[f]erry service was fast, frequent and inexpensive ... In the year 1869 there were almost 52 million passengers." Thus, in her view, the story of the founders growing tired of rowing across the East River is a "folk tale".[29]
Attempts at reform and amalgamation, construction of first synagogue
In the congregation's early years, tensions existed between traditionalists and reformers, and in 1861, 41 of the latter left Baith Israel to form the Congregation Beth Elohim, a Reform synagogue.[11] That year Baith Israel hired the Reverend Joel Alexander as its religious leader.[22] Alexander, the synagogue's first full-time rabbi, was a graduate of the Jews Seminary in Münster, and had been ordained both in Posen and by Hermann Adler, the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom.[21]
In 1862, the remaining 35 members purchased two lots at the corner of State Street and Boerum Place in Boerum Hill for $3,000, and on January 12 laid the cornerstone for a new building, the first synagogue built on Long Island. The building was completed on August 12, at a cost of $10,000, and was consecrated on August 31 by Alexander and assembled dignitaries.[2][30] The synagogue, which came to be known as the Boerum Schule, created a Sunday school soon afterwards,[31] the first in Brooklyn,[32] and at the time, an innovation.[2] The school was free, and run by volunteers, with separate classes for boys and girls.[21] By 1890 the school had 160 students,[32] and at its peak the school had 500 pupils.[2]
In 1869 reformers again left Baith Israel, and, joining with dissenters from Kahal Kodesh Beth Elohim of Williamsburg, founded Temple Israel.[33][34] Though many reformers had left the congregation, several reforms in the service were nonetheless introduced: the congregation abolished most piyyutim and the Priestly Blessing,[2][12] and, in 1873,[35] introduced a confirmation ceremony for girls,[36] led by the Reverend Dr. Tinter.[21] The confirmation ceremonies, which had initially been held during the holiday of Sukkot, were eventually moved to the holiday of Shavuot (the holiday during which the Reform movement held these ceremonies), and continued for both boys and girls (in place of Bar and Bat Mitzvah celebrations) until the 1940s.[21]
Aaron Wise, father of Stephen Samuel Wise, was one of the synagogue's earliest rabbis, from 1874 to 1875;[37] this was his first rabbinical position in the United States,[10] before moving to Congregation Rodeph Sholom in Manhattan.[38]
Building renovations, failed mergers, traditionalism
In 1876, the congregation voted by a margin of over two to one to re-orient the synagogue pews in the manner of Christian churches, and introduce mixed seating. However, nothing was done about this until 1879, when the renovations were carried out: the front pews were removed, the side pews extended to the walls, and the vestibule moved outside the sanctuary. Led by rabbi Dr. E. M. Myers, the synagogue was re-dedicated on September 7.[39]
In April 1883, Baith Israel, Beth Elohim, and Temple Israel, Brooklyn's three leading synagogues, tried to merge;[40] Beth Elohim and Temple Israel had both been formed in the 1860s by dissenters from Baith Israel. This was the third such attempt; the previous two had failed when the members could not agree on synagogue ritual.[41] The combined congregation, which would purchase new premises, would have 150 members (only heads of households were considered members at that time). Members would be refunded half the purchase price of the pews in their existing buildings.[42] The rabbis of Beth Elohim and Temple Israel were to split the offices of rabbi and cantor: Baith Israel, at the time, had no rabbi.[41] Though this attempt also failed, in the following year the three congregations carried out combined activities, including a picnic[43] and a celebration of the 100th birthday of Sir Moses Montefiore.[44]
Baith Israel hired Marcus Friedlander as rabbi in 1887.[10] Born in Congress Poland and educated in England, he was 24 years old when he assumed the post, at the time the youngest man in New York state to be appointed to so significant a position of Jewish leadership.[45] Friedlander served until 1893, when he resigned to take a more lucrative position in California[46] at the First Hebrew Congregation of Oakland.[47] After Friedlander left, his name was, for reasons unknown, deleted from the synagogue histories, and the financial records and minute books dating from his tenure were removed from Baith Israel's archives.[21] He was succeeded by Joseph Taubenhaus, the brother of Dr. Gottheil/Godfrey Taubenhaus, the rabbi of Congregation Beth Elohim; another brother, Jacob/Jean Taubenhaus was a famous French chess master.[46]
In 1889, the congregation again renovated the synagogue building, repairing it and replacing the roof, increasing the seating capacity, adding a new vestibule and double entrance way, and redecorating the interior. At that time over half of the congregants still spoke German as their native language.[45]
Though the synagogue had undertaken innovations in some areas of Jewish law, it still insisted on strict adherence in others. In 1878 Tinter was dismissed for officiating at the marriage of a Jewish woman and Christian man,[34] and Baith Israel was, for a time, the only congregation in Brooklyn that celebrated Jewish holidays for the traditional two days.[21] In 1889 Baith Israel asserted it was "the only orthodox congregation in the city",[48] and that year the board forced the resignation of a Mr. J. Folkart, for transgressing the laws of Yom Kippur.[18][23] In 1892, when Hyman Rosenberg was expelled as rabbi of Brooklyn's Beth Jacob synagogue for eating ham, the Brooklyn Eagle canvassed local rabbis for their views on the matter. While George Taubenhaus, rabbi of Beth Elohim stated, "I do not believe my congregation would expel me if I ate ham", Baith Israel's rabbi Friedlander responded, "While there are some differences between the reform and orthodox Jews, I do not think it is the place for any Jewish minister to eat ham. The reformers do not so strictly observe the old Mosaic law, but it does not seem to me a good example for a rabbi to set to his congregation."[49]
20th century
Decline and reinvigoration
By 1904, membership had fallen to 30,[12] and the synagogue nearly failed:[2] mass transit had allowed Jews to migrate away from downtown Brooklyn,[2] and a fire had nearly destroyed the Boerum synagogue building.[21] Further innovations were attempted, including a pipe organ and a mixed-sex choir,[12] but these were removed[50] after objections from Orthodox members.[2] The congregation decided that the Beorum location was part of the problem, and made the bold decision to sell it, buy new premises, and hire a rabbi[2] (the synagogue had, for many years, run without one).[51] In 1905, they hired Israel Goldfarb, a 1902 graduate of the Jewish Theological Seminary,[36] as "Hazan [cantor] and Teacher",[52] his first and only pulpit. The following year Goldfarb was appointed rabbi,[21] a position he would hold for over 50 years.[53]
In 1905, the congregation also purchased for $30,000 its current building at Tompkins Place and Harrison Street (renamed Kane Street in 1928),[54] along with an adjacent school building and a connecting two-story arcade.[2][12] The Romanesque revival church building, erected in 1855, had originally housed the Middle Dutch Reformed Church, and, from 1887, the Trinity German Lutheran Church.[2][3] The hiring of Goldfarb and purchase of a new building helped revive the congregation, and by 1906 (its 50th anniversary) membership had doubled.[2]
Goldfarb was a talented musician, known to this day as composer of popular tunes for the songs "Shalom Aleichem" and "Magein Avot" used in most Ashkenazi synagogues. With his brother Samuel E. Goldfarb, he compiled The Jewish Songster for schoolchildren, the first American collection of Jewish songs.[51][55] Israel Goldfarb also served as Professor of Liturgical Music at the Jewish Theological Seminary from 1920 to 1944, and in 1949 founded the School of Sacred Music at Hebrew Union College.[51]
In his Kol Nidre sermon of 1905, Goldfarb emphasized the need for a Talmud Torah (providing inexpensive Jewish education for primary school children), and it was immediately founded.[2] Talmud Torahs helped synagogues in neighborhoods with small Jewish populations to attract young Jewish families, and were common in "second-settlement areas of New York City such as Harlem and Brooklyn".[56]
Merger with Talmud Torah Anshei Emes and growth
In 1908,[57] Baith Israel merged with Degraw Street's Talmud Torah Anshei Emes Synagogue, a growing congregation which had become too large for the row house in which it held services.[12][51] Talmud Torah Anshei Emes's membership was mostly made up of Eastern European Jews, who were stricter in their observances than Baith Israel's mostly German-origin membership; to accommodate them, a special all-men section of pews was designated at the front left of the sanctuary.[21]
The merged congregations adopted the current name, a combination of the two previous names, and, with the assistance and encouragement of Goldfarb and synagogue president Harris Copland[13][58] founded a sisterhood.[12][51] Nevertheless, the combined membership was still not large;[36] in 1911, the year the congregation renovated the recently acquired synagogue building,[12] the Talmud Torah had only 45 students, 10 of them the children of non-members.[36]
The sisterhood had grown to 42 members by 1913; that year 11 men were accepted as new congregants, including "a dentist, an optician, a druggist, a lawyer, a butler and two store owners and a roofer"—in general, middle class occupations.[36] Baith Israel Anshei Emes also became one of the charter members of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism in 1913,[12][59] with Michael Salit, who had been synagogue president in 1906,[22] serving as the congregation's delegate,[36] and he, Rabbi Goldfarb and another synagogue member, Isaac Applebaum, were among the 22 individuals who initially founded the organization.[21]
Aaron Copland celebrated his Bar Mitzvah at Baith Israel Anshei Emes in 1913. The Copland family was active in the synagogue; his father Harris became treasurer and chairman of the Talmud Torah in 1905,[13] had helped purchase the current building,[10][14] served as president of the congregation from 1907 to 1910,[60] and was made a life trustee in 1936.[54] Aaron's brother Ralph served as superintendent of the Sunday School.[13] Goldfarb was instrumental in assisting Aaron Copland in his early musical career. While still in high school, Aaron had approached Goldfarb for his support in studying music: Aaron's father wanted him to enter the legal profession. Goldfarb engineered an agreement whereby Aaron would study music for two or three years, and, if that did not work out, then study law.[54] In his memoirs, Copland would later describe Goldfarb as "a composer of liturgical music and the possessor of a fine baritone voice ... a sensitive human being and an effective leader of the congregation".[13][54]
By 1916, the congregation had installed 10 stained glass windows, electric lighting, a new pulpit, and two large bronze menorahs, and employed six people. Dues were $12 per year, and Sunday school fees were $0.02 per session.[59]
Sidney Weinberg, who rose from the job of assistant porter to head Goldman Sachs from 1930 to 1969, was married at Baith Israel Anshei Emes in 1920. The Weinberg family, which had joined the synagogue when it was still on Beorum Place, was also very active in the synagogue; Sidney's mother, Sophie, was sisterhood president from 1912 to 1913, and his father, Pincus, served as president from 1919 to 1921, and the children all attended the Sunday school and Talmud Torah.[14][15] The Weinbergs subsequently moved to Flatbush, where in 1924 Pincus became the first president of the East Midwood Jewish Center.[51][61]
In 1924, a fire almost destroyed the upper level of the school building, but the congregation repaired the damage.[12] Another renovation was begun in 1928, and included installing illuminated stained glass over the ark and bronze memorial tablets at the rear of the sanctuary, and repainting the sanctuary walls and columns in a trompe-l'œil manner imitating Jerusalem stone and marble.[59]
Great Depression and post-World War II decline
On its 75th anniversary in 1931, the congregation received a congratulatory message from President Herbert Hoover.Cite error: Invalid
<ref> tag. Tag has more than one name associated with reference. Additional congratulatory messages arrived from Governor (later President) Franklin D. Roosevelt, Lieutenant Governor Herbert H. Lehman, Mayor Jimmy Walker, and Felix M. Warburg.[59] Nevertheless, the Great Depression brought difficult times; officers were no longer paid their salaries, and were informed in 1932 that they would have to "wait indefinitely" to receive their back wages. In 1933, the synagogue abolished fixed wages entirely for its employees, and instead paid them on a "month-to-month basis", depending on what the congregation could afford.[16]
In 1932 women were allowed to join the choir. In deference to traditionalists, however, the choir was moved to the organ loft, so that the women would be less visible.[34]
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Herman Belth raised $20,000 and contributed another $20,000 for another renovation of the synagogue. The building was fortified, the interior (except the front wall) repainted, and the exterior brick walls, which had been clad in "blue-veined white stone", were refinished with "brownstone type stuccoed slabs".[62] When the renovations were complete, the synagogue was re-dedicated in January 1953.[12][62] Despite Belth's efforts, membership continued to decline, as congregants moved to the suburbs.[62] Though the Centennial Celebrations of 1956 "provided a brief burst of energy for the Congregation and produced funds to maintain the Synagogue",[21] during this period the choir was disbanded, the Sunday School and Talmud Torah closed, and paid staff reduced.[62]
In the 1960s, following Goldfarb's retirement,[53] the synagogue hired a series of part-time rabbis,[12] including Goldfarb's grandson, Henry D. Michelman, who served as rabbi from 1967 to 1971.[55] Michelman, who would later become the Executive Vice President of the Synagogue Council of America,[63] was, like his grandfather, a talented musician, composing music for synagogues and churches, writing scores for television films for ABC, A&E, CNBC, and PBS, and serving as Chairman of the American Society of Jewish Music.[64]
The membership decline continued in the late 1960s[8] and early 1970s, as older congregants died and moved away, and dwindled to the point where the congregation could no longer afford to heat the sanctuary,[17] and thought they would have to disband.[65] Nevertheless, in 1972 the congregation established a nursery school and prozdor (high school).[12]
Rebirth: 1980s and 1990s
Changing demographics and new synagogue programs helped the congregation recover from its low point in the 1970s.[17] In 1979, Raymond Scheindlin, a Ph.D. in Arabic literature from Columbia University, and professor of medieval Hebrew poetry at the Jewish Theological Seminary, became the part-time rabbi of the congregation.[12] Scheindlin had become a member in 1974, after joining the faculty of the Seminary and moving to Brooklyn Heights, and from that point on read the Torah every week and served as cantor.[66] He also encouraged the re-constitution of a choir, which called itself "the DeRossi Singers" after Salamone DeRossi, the leading Jewish composer of the late Italian Renaissance, whose works the choir sang.[12][67]
In 1982 Scheindlin stated that the membership had grown to the point where it again required the services of a full-time rabbi,[67] and the congregation hired Jonathan Ginsburg as its first full-time rabbi since Israel Goldfarb's retirement.[12] Ginsburg developed adult education and young singles programs, and improved standards in the synagogue's children's education programs. Geoffrey Goldberg followed him as rabbi from 1987 to 1988.[12]
In 1994 the buildings' stained glass windows, parapet tower, and brownstone were repaired, landscaping redone, and, with a grant from the Sol Goldman Charitable trust, the bimah and vestibule were refurbished.[34] Membership had increased to almost 200 families by 1995,[12] and in 1996 Samuel H. Weintraub was hired as rabbi.[22]
Increasing involvement of women
In 1961 the synagogue began granting women some pulpit honors, giving the Sisterhood President gelila,[21] and in 1966 granting married couples hagbaha and gelila (the honors of lifting and re-wrapping the Torah after it has been read).[34] In the 1970s, women became more involved in the synagogue's political and religious activities: in 1972, the first woman was elected to the board of trustees, and in 1975, the congregation began calling women to the Torah and counting women in the minyan,[12] the latter just two years after the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly voted nine to four in favor of this innovation.[68]
In 1980, Nancy Fink, a Brooklyn Law School professor, was elected as the congregation's first female president.[67] Fink called a full membership meeting in 1982 to decide whether women could lead the services, blow the shofar (the rams-horn trumpet blown on the High Holidays), and whether daughters of kohanim (hereditary priests) could give the priestly blessing. Advised by Rabbi Scheindlin, congregation decided to make the services fully egalitarian, allowing women to perform all three functions.[67]
Baith Israel Anshei Emes's move to egalitarianism culminated in August 1988, when Debra Cantor was hired as its first female rabbi, making it the first synagogue in the Northeastern United States to be led by a woman.[69][70] Cantor, who was 33 at the time, had been valedictorian of that year's graduating class at the Jewish Theological Seminary.[69] The decision was not accepted by all congregants; the Conservative movement had ordained its first female rabbi, Amy Eilberg, only three years before, in 1985, and following Cantor's appointment a number of families left the synagogue to form B'nai Avraham, an Orthodox congregation in Brooklyn Heights.[22][71]
21st century
In 2002 Baith Israel Anshei Emes received a $1 million grant for building renovations from Lillian Goldman, just weeks before her death; she had previously donated $20 million for the reconstruction and expansion of its Yale University's law library, and $5 million to Manhattan's 92nd Street Y for a family center there.[72] After raising over $2 million more,[34] including a $54,000 grant from the Jewish Communal Fund,[73] in 2003 the congregation began re-building the three story school/community center from the ground up, leaving only the historic facade.[74] In 2004 the building was re-opened as the "Sol and Lillian Goldman Education Center",[19] and a day-time pre-school launched.[18] Though the sanctuary also needed extensive repairs, the renovations of the school/community center were undertaken first because the congregation decided "a venue for social functions is at the heart of every cohesive religious group".[18] The following year, the school received a $25,000 grant from the Edith Glick Shoolman Children's Foundation "[t]o assist in the development of the Kane Street Kids program for pre-school age children housed in the Congregation's Early Childhood Center".[75]
Nearly 300 households were members by 2006,[17] and in the same year, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation awarded the synagogue a grant of $350,000 for exterior restoration of the sanctuary.[76] The grant was part of a million-dollar capital campaign that the membership intended to carry out in 2008, as the synagogue building still required extensive repairs: the roof leaked, causing interior damage, and (along with the gutters) needed to be replaced; interior columns were taped to prevent plaster from falling off them; the sanctuary doors needed to be replaced; and the stained glass windows needed to be removed, the metal holding them repaired, and their wooden framing replaced.[18] In 2007 the New York Landmarks Conservancy's Sacred Sites Program awarded Baith Israel Anshei Emes grants totaling $17,500, for copper roof and masonry restoration.[77]
The congregation had been supportive of gays since at least the early 1990s,[78] and following the late 2006 decision by the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards to allow same-sex commitment ceremonies,[79] in 2007 Baith Israel Anshei Emes voted to follow suit.[21]
Led by Rabbi Samuel H. Weintraub,[1] as of 2008[update], Baith Israel Anshei Emes is the oldest continuously operating synagogue in Brooklyn.[7][8]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Leadership, Synagogue website.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 Greenwald (2001), p. 33.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wolfe (1994), p. 452.
- ↑ Morrone & Iska (2001), p. 322.
- ↑ Greenwald (2001), p. 34.
- ↑ or Baith Israel-Anshei Emeth
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kane Street Synagogue Records, Historical Note, Jewish Theological Seminary.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Shelby (1998).
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 According to the Brooklyn Eagle, June 13, 1886 and Greenwald (2001), p. 32. Abelow (1937), p. 6 and Wolfe (1994), p. 452 say the congregation was "organized" in 1856. Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 226 state that the group was formed in 1854 and the congregation "formally organized" in 1856. Waxman (1998), p. 294 writes that the congregation was founded in 1854, and in footnote 102, p. 315 he adds that "the name was formally adopted in 1856". The New York Times, February 14, 1967 says the congregation was founded in 1855. The synagogue website (Our History) states the group first organized in 1855 as the United Brethren Society, a benefit society that provided members with medical and burial assistance, and "[w]ithin a year Brethren leaders and others incorporated Congregation Baith Israel".
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Dickter (2004).
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 226.
- ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 227.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 Pollack (2000), p. 26.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Barton (2006).
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Levin (March 17, 2006).
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Wenger (1999), pp. 126–127.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Clark (2006).
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Whitman (2008).
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Wolff (2004).
- ↑ According to Greenwald (2001), p. 33 and Gross (1999). Waxman (1998), p. 294 describes them as "Bavarian and Portuguese Jews", Morrone & Iska (2001), p. 323 describe them as "Dutch and Bavarian Jews", and the synagogue website (Our History) describes them as "Jewish settlers from the Netherlands".
- ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 Our History, Synagogue website.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 "Rabbis, Cantors and Presidents 1856 – 2006", The Synagogue Journal, Issue 23, June 9, 2006.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Mooney (2004).
- ↑ Abelow (1937), p. 40.
- ↑ Greenwald (2001), p. 33 gives, as the reason for lay-led services, that "Like many congregations of its time, Baith Israel lacked the means to retain a rabbi."
- ↑ According to Abelow (1937), p. 40. Greenwald (2001), p. 33 says "a chazan [cantor] was hired to lead the services only on Passover and the High Holidays".
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, June 13, 1886.
- ↑ Gross (1999). See also Barton (2006), Dickter (2004), and Greenwald (2001), p. 33.
- ↑ Levin (January 6, 2006).
- ↑ The New York Times, September 1, 1862.
- ↑ According to Greenwald (2001), p. 33 and Kane Street Synagogue Records, Historical Note, Jewish Theological Seminary the school was created in 1862. The Brooklyn Eagle, March 14, 1890 and the synagogue website (Our History) say the school was organized in 1864.
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Brooklyn Eagle, March 14, 1890.
- ↑ Galvin (2001), p. 30.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 "Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes – 1853-2006", The Synagogue Journal, Issue 23, June 9, 2006.
- ↑ According to Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 227, Greenwald (2001), p. 33 and the synagogue website (Our History). However, Waxman (1998), p. 294 says 1893.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 36.4 36.5 Waxman (1998), p. 294.
- ↑ According to Abelow (1937), p. 69, and The New York Times, December 18, 1892. Dickter (2004), however, says 1876.
- ↑ See Abelow (1937), p. 66, and The New York Times, December 18, 1892.
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, September 8, 1879.
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, April 7, 1883.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 Brooklyn Eagle, April 26, 1883.
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, April 26, 1883.
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, July 7, 1884.
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, October 27, 1884.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Brooklyn Eagle, April 8, 1889.
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 Brooklyn Eagle, May 1, 1893.
- ↑ Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 55.
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, February 21, 1889.
- ↑ Brooklyn Eagle, December 16, 1892.
- ↑ According to Greenwald (2001), p. 33 "they quickly were abolished", and Pollack (2000), p. 26 says they were "short-lived". Waxman (1998), p. 294 states they were "eliminated within a few years". In footnote 105, p. 316 he writes that while not specifically stating when it was removed, an October 14, 1910 article by Samuel Abelow in The American Hebrew 87 #4, p. 617, titled "Something of the Institutional Development of Brooklyn" suggests that the organ was still in place in 1910. "Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes – 1853-2006", The Synagogue Journal, Issue 23 states that the organ was dismantled in 1932 to make room in the organ loft for the choir. The choir had allowed women to join it that year, and was moved out of sight to avoid offending traditionalists who objected to the presence of women in the choir.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 Greenwald (2001), p. 35.
- ↑ Kaufman (1999), p. 215.
- ↑ 53.0 53.1
Sources differ on Goldfarb's exact term:
- Greenwald (2001), p. 35 and the synagogue website (Our History) state that Goldfarb served as rabbi for 60 years.
- Olitzky and Raphael (1996), p. 227 and Waxman (1998), p. 294 write that Goldfarb retired in 1960.
- Goldfarb's obituary in The New York Times, February 14, 1967 states that he was named "rabbi emeritus" in 1959.
- The Synagogue Journal, Issue 49 states that Goldfarb had "fifty-four-years with the Congregation".
- "Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes – 1853-2006", The Synagogue Journal, Issue 23 states that Goldfarb served "for one year as Cantor and [was] then retained as Rabbi for the next fifty-three years until 1959. Thereafter he continue[d] as Rabbi emeritus until his death in 1965."
- Michelman (2006) writes that Goldfarb became "rabbi emeritus" in 1956.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 "Copland's Sanctuary", NewMusicBox.
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Michelman (2006).
- ↑ Kaufman (1999), p. 160 cites Baith Israel's Talmud Torah as one of two such examples.
- ↑ According to the synagogue website (Our History), Greenwald (2001), p. 35, Olitzky & Raphael (1996), p. 227, and Waxman (1998), p. 294. Dickter (2004), however, states that the congregations merged in 1906, and moved to the current building in 1908.
- ↑ Abelow (1937), p. 46.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 Greenwald (2001), p. 36.
- ↑ According to Levisohn (2004), "Rabbis, Cantors and Presidents 1856 – 2006", The Synagogue Journal, Issue 23 and "Copland's Sanctuary", NewMusicBox. Pollack (2000), p. 26 writes that Harris Copland served as president from 1907 to 1909, and Dickter (2004) writes that he was president of Baith Israel in 1902.
- ↑ History, East Midwood Jewish Center website.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 Greenwald (2001), p. 37.
- ↑ Steinfels (1989).
- ↑ Rabbi Henry D. Michelman, American Society for Jewish Music website, April 25, 2007.
- ↑ Gross (1999).
- ↑ Rand & Decter (2007), pp. xii–xiii.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 Greenwald (2001), p. 38.
- ↑ Fine (2002), p. 2.
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Goldman (1988).
- ↑ Gonzalez (1993).
- ↑ Greenwald (2001), p. 39.
- ↑ Lewis (2002).
- ↑ Annual Report 2003, Jewish Communal Fund.
- ↑ Son (2003).
- ↑ Grantees 2004/5, Edith Glick Shoolman Children's Foundation website.
- ↑ 2006 EPF Grant Awards, New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, October 20, 2006.
- ↑ 2007 Sacred Sites Grants Awards, The New York Landmarks Conservancy, p. 2.
- ↑ Pompeo (2007).
- ↑ Ordination of Gays and Lesbians and Same-Sex Commitment Ceremonies Memorandum, United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, December 6, 2006.
- Brooklyn Eagle, no byline.
- "Beth Israel. Reconstruction of the Beorum Place Synagogue.", Brooklyn Eagle, September 8, 1879, p. 2.
- "Hebrews Consolidating. A Movement to Unite Three Congregations—Important Action Taken on the Subject", Brooklyn Eagle, April 7, 1883, p. 1.
- "Consolidation of Local Hebrew Churches." (part 1), Brooklyn Eagle, April 26, 1883, p. 2.
- "Consolidation of Local Hebrew Churches." (part 2), Brooklyn Eagle, April 26, 1883, p. 2.
- "A Hebrew Sunday School Union. The First Combined Picnic to be Held in Prospect Park.", Brooklyn Eagle, July 7, 1884, p. 4.
- "Montefiore — Brooklyn Honoring the Centenarian.", Brooklyn Eagle, October 27, 1884, p. 1.
- "Brooklyn Synagogues — And the People Who Worship Therein.", Brooklyn Eagle, June 13, 1886, p. 10.
- "Baith Israel — A Ball in Aid of the Building Fund.", Brooklyn Eagle, February 21, 1889, p. 1.
- "Put in the Ark: The Scrolls of the Law in Synagogue Baith Israel", Brooklyn Eagle, April 8, 1889, p. 1.
- "For the Library Fund. An Entertainment Given by the Baith Israel Sunday School.", Brooklyn Eagle, March 14, 1890, p. 4.
- "How They Regard Ham. Views of Local Rabbis on Mr. Rosenburg's Expulsion.", Brooklyn Eagle, December 16, 1892, p. 1.
- "A New Rabbi for Baith Israel: Rev. M. Friedlander succeeded by Rev Joseph Taubenhaus.", Brooklyn Eagle, May 1, 1893, p. 10.
- New York Times, no byline.
- "Congregation Baith Israel. Dedication of a Synagogue."PDF, The New York Times, September 1, 1862, p. 3.
- "Fifty Years Old.; Jubilee Celebration by the Congregation of Rodeph Sholom."PDF, The New York Times, December 18, 1892, p. 10.
- "Israel Goldfarb: Rabbi, Composer: 'Father of Congregational Singing' is Dead at 87", The New York Times, February 14, 1967.
- Synagogue journal, no byline.
- "Rabbis, Cantors and Presidents 1856 – 2006"PDF (1.57 MB), Kane Street Synagogue, The Synagogue Journal, Issue 23, June 9, 2006.
- "Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes – 1853-2006", Kane Street Synagogue, The Synagogue Journal, Issue 23PDF (1.57 MB), June 9, 2006.
- Kane Street Synagogue, The Synagogue Journal, Issue 49, December 8, 2006.
- Synagogue website.
- Our History, Synagogue website. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Leadership, Synagogue website. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Other
- Abelow, Samuel Philip. History of Brooklyn Jewry, Scheba Publishing Company, 1937.
- "Rabbi Henry D. Michelman", American Society for Jewish Music website, April 25, 2007. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Barton, Evan. "Brooklyn's Oldest Synagogue Celebrates Its 150th Anniversary", Brooklyn Eagle, June 22, 2006.
- Clark, Amy Sara. "Jewish Movement's Surprise New Head", CBS News, May 3, 2006.
- Dickter, Adam. "Shul Life, Circa 1850", The Jewish Week, June 4, 2004.
- History, East Midwood Jewish Center website. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Grantees 2004/5, Edith Glick Shoolman Children's Foundation website. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Fine, Rabbi David J. "Women and the Minyan"PDF (194 KB), Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly, OH 55:1.2002
- Galvin, Seán, "Rabbi A. Stanley Dreyfus and Union Temple", in Abramovitch, Ilana; Galvin, Seán. Jews of Brooklyn, University Press of New England, November 1, 2001. ISBN 978-1-58465-003-4
- Gross, Geraldine K. "Spiritual Pioneers: Three Brooklyn synagogues and one on Staten Island among those feted for more than a century of service to New York Jewry.", The Jewish Week, December 15, 1999.
- Goldman, Ari L. "New Rabbi, New Year: Pulpit Pressure Season", The New York Times, September 9, 1988.
- Gonzalez, David. "The Glorious Mosaic", The New York Times, December 5, 1993.
- Greenwald, Judith R., "First Synagogues: The First 144 Years of Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes (The Kane Street Synagogue)", in Abramovitch, Ilana; Galvin, Seán. Jews of Brooklyn, University Press of New England, November 1, 2001. ISBN 978-1-58465-003-4
- Gross, Geraldine K. "Spiritual Pioneers", The Jewish Week, December 15, 1999.
- Hoover, Herbert. "Message to the Baith Israel Anshei Emes Congregation on the 75th Anniversary of Its Founding", The American Presidency Project website, March 1, 1931 (dated February 28, 1931).
- Annual Report 2003PDF (215 KB), Jewish Communal Fund. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Kane Street Synagogue (Baith Israel-Anshei Emeth), Brooklyn, NY Records, Historical Note, Ratner Center, Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Kaufman, David. Shul with a Pool: The "synagogue-center" in American Jewish History, Brandeis University Press, University Press of New England, 1999. ISBN 978-0-87451-893-1
- Levisohn, Benjamin. "Finding an Excuse To Celebrate Copland", The Forward, December 10, 2004.
- Levin, Carol. "Baith Israel's First Congregation", Kane Street Synagogue, The Synagogue Journal, Issue 1PDF (1.38 MB), January 6, 2006.
- Levin, Carol. "The Weinberg Family: Leaders during the Synagogue's Golden Age", Kane Street Synagogue, The Synagogue Journal, Issue 11PDF (665 KB), March 17, 2006.
- Lewis, Paul. "Lillian Goldman, 80, Yale Law School Donor and Advocate for Women's Education", The New York Times, August 21, 2002.
- Michelman, Henry D. "Israel Goldfarb (1879-1967) Rabbi, Cantor and Influential Composer", Kane Street Synagogue, The Synagogue Journal, Issue 6PDF (254 KB), February 10, 2006.
- Mooney, Jake. "Cobble Hill: The Words; From the Distant Past, Tales of Cantors and Corpses", The New York Times, August 1, 2004.
- Morrone, Francis; Iska, James. An Architectural Guidebook to Brooklyn, Gibbs Smith, 2001. ISBN 978-1-58685-047-0
- 2007 Sacred Sites Grants AwardsPDF (108 KB), The New York Landmarks Conservancy, p. 2.
- 2006 EPF Grant Awards, New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Press Release, October 20, 2006.
- About the Artists, "Copland's Sanctuary: December 15, 2005 – January 15, 2005", NewMusicBox. Accessed October 2, 2009.
- Olitzky, Kerry M.; Raphael, Marc Lee. The American Synagogue: A Historical Dictionary and Sourcebook, Greenwood Press, 1996. ISBN 978-0-313-28856-2
- Pollack, Howard. Aaron Copland: The Life and Work of an Uncommon Man, University of Illinois Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-252-06900-0
- Pompeo, Joe. "That gay ol' religion", The Brooklyn Paper, March 31, 2007.
- Rand, Michael; Decter, Jonathan P., "Raymond P. Scheindlin - A Sketch", in Scheindlin, Raymond P.; Decter, Jonathan P.; Rand, Michael. Studies in Arabic and Hebrew Letters in Honor of Raymond P. Scheindlin, Gorgias Press LLC, 2007. ISBN 978-1-59333-701-8
- Shelby, Joyce. "Cobble Hill Synagogue Opens Doors", Daily News, September 11, 1998.
- Son, Hugh. "Synagogue's road is paved with history", Daily News, November 19, 2003.
- Steinfels, Peter. "New Jewish Group Formed for Interfaith Ties", The New York Times, September 17, 1989.
- Ordination of Gays and Lesbians and Same-Sex Commitment Ceremonies Memorandum, Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, December 6, 2006.
- Wenger, Beth, "Synagogues and the 'Spiritual Depression' in the 1930s", in Williams, Peter W. Perspectives on American Religion and Culture, Blackwell Publishing, 1999. ISBN 978-1-57718-118-7
- Waxman, Rabbi Jonathan, "Mi vaMi Ha Holkhim: A Profile of the Founding Congregations of the United Synagogue", in Waxman, Mordecai; Ben-Yosef, Tseviyah. Yakar Le'Mordecai: Jubilee Volume in Honor of Rabbi Mordecai Waxman, Ktav Publishing House, 1998. ISBN 978-0-88125-632-1
- Whitman, Trudy. "Hills & Gardens: Kane St. Synagogue Needing Repair", Brooklyn Eagle, February 13, 2008.
- Wolfe, Gerald R. New York, a guide to the metropolis: walking tours of architecture and history, McGraw-Hill, 1994. ISBN 978-0-07-071397-0
- Wolff, Eric. "New Center, Ancient History on Kane Street", The New York Sun, October 25, 2004.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Congregation Baith Israel Anshei Emes
- Synagogue website
- Gelfand, Alexander. "A Mosaic of Jewish Music in America", The Forward, May 26, 2006.


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turn in grave
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia.
Related to turn in grave: turn in one's grave, worse for wear, spin in grave, roll over in your grave
turn (over) in one's graveand roll (over) in one's grave
Fig. to show enormous disfavor for something that has happened after one's death. If our late father heard you say that, he'd turn over in his grave. Please don't change the place around too much when I'm dead. I do not wish to be rolling in my grave all the time.
turn in your grave(British, American & Australian) also turn over/spin in your grave (American)
if you say that a dead person would turn in their grave, you mean that they would be very angry or upset about something if they knew She'd turn in her grave if she knew what he was spending his inheritance on.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Giveaway Alert! Win One of Five $20 Target Gift Cards!
Let Celebuzz help you take the edge off the holiday season with a $20 Target gift card!
This week, we're giving away not one, not two, but FIVE Lego holiday Gift cards featuring Target's loveable spokesdog, Bullseye! Can't make it to the store? No Problem! These limited edition cards come with a miniature statue of Bullseye that you put together, making it an adorable holiday gift for anyone.
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It has been almost 10 years since the car accident that killed 16-year-old Rebecca Kirtman, but her family and friends still continue her legacy by making high school girls around the nation feel special.
Becca's Closet, a nonprofit organization designed to find formal and party dresses for high school girls who can't afford them, was founded in 2003 by Rebecca's mother, Pam Kirtman. The dream, however, started a few years earlier with a magazine article.
"Becca had seen an article in a magazine about a group of girls at a [preparatory] school who collected dresses to send to girls who needed them in another state," Kirtman said. "She liked that idea and wanted to do something like that at [her high school], so she started collecting dresses on a small scale."
Now, the nonprofit collects tens of thousands of dresses from donations around South Florida — from companies, as well as private citizens — and that's not counting the donations across the country to the organization's national chapters in 34 other states.
"I think the national impact is wonderful, and it's not just all in South Florida," said Courtney Wallace, a longtime volunteer at the nonprofit and former classmate of Rebecca. "Across the United States, we are able to help these girls and make them feel good. It expands what Becca tried to do. We get so many dresses now, thousands and thousands, that we are able to donate to other chapters. It's a sharing network, and that's awesome."
The dresses are for high school's big occasions, like military balls, proms or homecoming dances and can be very pricey in retail stores. That's not including the price of admission, plus makeup, hair and nails for the girls.
"A family member can help with hair and makeup, plus nails most girls can do on their own," Kirtman said. "Then schools can sometimes help with admission into whatever event it is. But the dress, you can't avoid it. They are just expensive. Imagine being left out for something like a dress. So, we are able to help them to just be with all their friends."
The process for getting a dress is a fairly simple one. The only hoops a girl is required to jump though is to prove she is a high school student, that the event is a high school dance, and make an appointment with one of the organization's distribution centers to find a dress.
"We are here to help those with financial need," Kirtman said. "We go on the honor system, and 99 percent are honest. Those that do try to sneak by often realize their error and do right thing."
A volunteer will then treat the girl to her own personal shopping experience to find the perfect dress, and possibly shoes and a handbag to match. It depends on what is available from the donations.
Thirteen-year-old Hannah Sztorc started volunteering almost two years ago at Becca's Closet as her Bat Mitzvah project. She decided to keep with her job as a personal shopper because of the happiness she saw as she helped girls find the perfect dress.
"About a year ago, this one girl who came in told me she wanted something straight down and plain," Sztorc said. "She said not poofy or sparkly at all. It was funny because the dress she ended up getting was the most poofy and sparkly we had, and she loved it."
Rachel Reiss, a senior at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, is a chapter leader in Coral Springs. She makes sure that anyone who wants to donate dresses at her school, or in the surrounding community, has a place to do it conveniently.
Every prom season, Reiss will take the dresses she gets to the distribution center, and volunteer for the day.
"The best part is seeing the reactions of the girls when they try the dresses on," Reiss said. "They are just so happy. Some don't want to take it off. I just walk away at the end of the day happy that I was able to help them."
To donate, to find a dress or to start a chapter, visit beccascloset.org.
Article source: http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/broward/parkland/fl-pf-kirtman-0320-20130323,0,7343400.story?track=rss


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Reviews For
Jack Black All-Over Wash for Face, Hair, & Body - Tube 3 oz
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Tell us your thoughts about Jack Black All-Over Wash for Face, Hair, & Body - Tube 3 oz so we can help you find the right products. With your review, you'll also receive 50 Rewards Points. Please note that it may take up to 72 hours for a review to appear on site. All reviews are subject to moderator approval.Write a Review
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I have now given these as gifts to 19 & 20 year old grandsons, son in law in his 40's, husband 71 today. Every one of them has really liked it!


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Assistant Director, Operational Transactions Services - Ops, flexible
- Recruiter
- Location
- London
- Salary
- £Competitive
- Posted
- 06 Jan 2017
- Closes
- 06 Feb 2017
- Ref
- Flexibility
- Various flexible options possible
- Contract Type
- Permanent
We're looking for Assistant Directors (Senior Managers) to join our team because we are experiencing tremendous growth in our OTS Team currently. We're focused on our clients' key strategic activities, advising and influencing at senior leadership level. We're keen to maintain our leading position in the field. As a result, we're continually seeking new markets, new perspectives and better ways to deliver value.
Role Responsibilities
· In your role as an Assistant Director you will have responsibility for;
· Working on some of the highest-profile deals in EMEA, spanning a broad range of industry sectors
· Selling, managing and delivering buy and sell-side transaction services across the deal lifecycle
· Advising and supporting Senior Management in corporate and private equity firms to help realise deal value.
· Leading meetings with senior client stakeholders to advise, shape and drive the strategy and planning for integration, carve-out / separation and operational restructuring
· Managing large & complex multi-vendor, multi-geography operational programmes
Role Requirements
You will have knowledge and experience of the following:
· Professional services 'advisory' experience from a management consultancy, corporate finance advisory firm or as an 'internal consultant' in a corporate
· Operations experience, ideally gained with companies in one or more of the following sectors: industrial, consumer, high tech, utilities, logistics, telecoms and energy. Functional experience will include supply chain, manufacturing, procurement, shared service provision, R&D, sales and 'back office'
· Demonstrable financial analysis experience from a number of pre- and post-deal transactions, with the ability to link operational analysis to P&L, cash flow and balance sheet
· Track record in business development and routes to market, with the ability to develop and maintain internal and external networks
· Strong written and verbal communication skills and experience of producing and reviewing high calibre reports, papers, presentations and thought leadership.
EY is committed to being an inclusive employer and we are happy to consider flexible working arrangements. We strive to achieve the right balance for our people, enabling us to deliver excellent client service whilst allowing you to build your career without sacrificing your personal priorities. While our client-facing professionals can be required to travel regularly, and at times be based at client sites, our flexible working arrangements can help you to achieve a lifestyle balance.


text:
Rated at by more than25,000 satisfied customers
Shopper Approved 4.7/5
from 5171 ratings and reviews
Ideal for kneading dough, every pizza shop should have at least one Allied Metal DD4093 4-1/2"W Roller Dough Docker. The 1/2" kneading pins are rooted securely in the roller core to efficiently knead the pizza dough. Dough Roller Docker, 4-1/2"W, Lycetal, Ivory
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text:
MP Vyapam Lab Technician Results 2015, merit list, cut off marks available to check at www.vyapam.nic.in.
MPPEB Lab Technician Exam Result 2015: Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board has finally conducted written examination for selection of Lab Technician posts on 18th October 2015 at various allotted examination centres across state. Aspirant who have participated in examination will able to check their exam result and merit list from official site www.vyapam.nic.in as soon as it has been made available by officials.
Let us know something about Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board which full form of MPPEB. It is one type of education board of M.P. state and very much popular among local candidates. The main work of board is to take care of all education related stuff of state. It also recruit eligible staff through examination and personal interview. Advertisement released by board are very much popular among local candidates, so enormous number of aspirant participate in each advt.
Those candidates who have successfully conducted their Government Jobs Exam and waiting for their result so candidates through this web portal you can view all Result of all exams and on this page we are uploading those result which relates MP Vyapam Lab Technician. You can also check its its merits list and cut off marks from here too.
MP Vyapam Lab Technician Results 2015 Declaration Date
Name of Organization: Madhya Pradesh Professional Examination Board
Posts Name: Lab Technician
Total Posts: 367 vacancies
Exam Date: 17th October 2015 & 18th October 2015
Type of Examination: Written test
Result Declaration Date: Update Soon
Recently, board has released employment notification as mppeb lab technician recruitment 2015 for selection of 367 posts on its main portal. This updates is considered as great opportunity for all those aspirant who were looking for govt jobs in MP. Huge number of aspirant who fulfill minimum required academic qualification have shown their interest in examination by submitting their filled form before due date of accepting.
Prospects are able to download their examination call letter before one week from exam date. Finally authorized member of board has conducted MP Vyapam Lab Technician Exam 2015 on 17/10/2015 & 18/10/2015 for sorting out knowledgeable candidates form applied ones. After completion of examination, aspirant are able to download provisional answer key of MPPEB LT exam 2015. This process help them to verify applied answer with general ones and also able to identify expected score to be obtained in result.
Now all applied number of candidates are eagerly waiting for declaration of Madhya Pradesh lab technician cut off and results. Aspirant who will score good marks in exam results will be short listed in MPPEB Lab Technician Merit List 2015. Prospects who have maximum marks have big advantage in this job race among others and shortlisted candidates will be eligible to participate in final selection procedure i.e. personal interview. After declaration of results, selected aspirant must refer official portal for further procedure updates.
Check Madhya Pradesh Lab Technician Exam Result 2015:
- Go to www.vyapam.nic.in results portal.
- Now on main page, candidates need to click on latest news tab.
- After that click on Result of MPPEB Lab Technician Exam 2015 link.
- Enter all required details and submit it.
- Finally in new tab, you result will appear in pdf format.
- Save it on your hard drive for further reference.
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Check Online MP Vyapam Lab Technician Results 2015
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Finally above mentioned article will help you gain all important information about mp vyapam lab technician results 2015, merit list, expected cut off marks etc.


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Predictability in the composition of tropical assemblages of insect herbivores was studied using a sample of 35 952 caterpillars (Lepidoptera) from 534 species, feeding on 69 woody species from 45 genera and 23 families in a lowland rainforest in Papua New Guinea. Caterpillar assemblages were strongly dominated by a single species (median 48% of individuals and 49% of biomass). They were spatially and temporally constant (median normalized expected species shared (NESS) similarity between assemblages from the same host was greater than or equal to 0.85 for three sites 8–17 km apart as well as for three four–month periods of the year). Further, the median presence of species was 11 months per year. Assemblages on hosts from different families and genera were virtually disjunct (NESS similarity less than 0.05) as the caterpillars were mostly specialized to a single plant family (77% of species) and, within families, to a single genus (66% of species), while capable of feeding on multiple congeneric hosts (89% of species). The dominance of caterpillar assemblages by a small number of specialized species, which also exhibited low spatial and temporal variability, permitted robust and reliable estimates of assemblage composition and between–assemblage similarity from small samples, typically less than 300 individuals per host plant. By contrast, even considerably larger samples were insufficient for estimates of species richness. A sample of 300 individuals was typically obtained from 1050 m2 of foliage sampled during 596 tree inspections (i.e. a particular tree sampled at a particular time) in the course of 19 sampling days (median values from 69 assemblages). These results demonstrate that, contrary to some previous suggestions, insect herbivore assemblages in tropical rainforests have a predictable structure and, as such, are amenable to study.
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Castle Ward
The 18th century property, now run by the National Trust, is one of the most eccentric buildings in the UK. From the front, it appears to be a typical Palladian-style Georgian building with grand columns and round arched windows. Walk to the back and you'll find Gothic pointed arches, battlements and spires, as if the house had been built 300 years earlier.
Castle Ward's interior is divided in exactly the same way, with wood panelling and columns in Lord Bernard's half and a Gothic boudoir in Lady Anne's. Much more information about this odd couple is available at the house.
It's not all about architecture at Castle Ward – the 820 acre grounds retain most of the buildings used to keep the Ward family in luxury, including a corn mill, sawmill, a Victorian laundry and farm buildings. The grounds have been used by the makers of the Game of Thrones TV series to depict Winterfell, and there are Westeros-themed tours available.
Castle Ward also has crafting exhibitions where artisans and experts make pottery and jewellery.
Elsewhere at Castle Ward, visitors can find a fascinating sunken garden and undisturbed woodland, which is perfect for walking and cycling. One trail goes along the shores of Strangford Lough so visitors can see ducks, swans and even rabbits.


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Related quotes
"Once you've opened that Pandora's box of selling lottery tickets, it's difficult to say you're going to sell them here and not there. But to have them on sale in places you go because you're strapped for cash, that ought to be thought about. There's something to that, that ... doesn't seem to be the best public policy."
"We like selling tickets on the Internet, because, as everyone knows, it's the cheapest channel for ticket distribution. But, it also allows us to have a closer relationship with the customer."
"I don't think Pete ran a red light or had a speeding ticket. That's the kind of kid he is, ... I wish people understood how small the mistake he made is."
"Think about it. It's a Friday in July in Pittsburgh and it's 4:30. You don't sell season tickets on Friday evenings in July. Our staff said they would stay until the phones stopped ringing. They stayed until midnight."
"I didn't pay $50 a ticket, wait till the tickets come out on June 4 to have hundreds of people push me over and knock me down on the ground,"


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Carville Jail and Cottage Grove
Stop 7 of 9 in the Carville: The National Leprosarium tour
Carville was a typical community in many ways. A small town with its outstanding citizens, Stanley Stein and Betty Martin, for example, it featured many aspects of town life. Its one-room schoolhouse was racially integrated in the 1940s and accredited in 1950. Religious activity centered upon the Sacred Heart Catholic Chapel and the Union Protestant Chapel. However, law enforcement officials also had to deal with lawbreakers.
To your right, the single story building roughly marks the location of the old Carville Jail, built in 1926, when one patient murdered another patient and had to await trial here. A more common offense was running away from the hospital, or "absconding against medical advice." If the runaway patient returned, he was sentenced to 30 days in jail. A repeat runaway was required to post a bond to deter another escape attempt.
Local "law enforcement" was made up of a guard at the front gate and a guard who walked the corridors at a regular interval, night and day. Patients were required to be inside of their dormitory by 9pm. As guards walked the grounds, they clocked in at a dozen stops. In the museum, you can see one of the "watch clock" systems used. The old jail was torn down in 1957. Coincidentally, this was the year that leprosy was taken off the list of diseases that required quarantine by Louisiana law.
Directly in front of you is the area known as "White City," where some married patients built their own cottages or purchased a cabin from a discharged patient. "White City" refers to the white, government-issued paint used on the cottages.
Marriages between the patients were not allowed on-site until the 1950s. Patients in love would often escape through the "hole in the fence" and return married. Besides offering privacy, having their own cottage meant patients could cook their own meals and take part in the active social community that developed between neighbors. Despite a couple's wedded status, their children could not live on-site. Children are not born with Hansen's Disease. Mothers delivered their babies at the PHS hospital in New Orleans. Sometimes a family or friend would care for the child. Another option was adoption.
Please drive forward about 30 feet and make a left onto the gravel road. Stop 8 - Carville Cemetery.


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Fundraiser Stories
Sport Relief without fundraisers would be like football without the ball. Take a look at how our fantastic fundraisers at home, work and school helped make Sport Relief such a success.
Fundraising at work
Thousands of people pull out all the stops to fundraise at their workplace each year.
As well as raising a huge amount of cash, it brings some incredible benefits to their business, like team building, motivating people to support a common goal and demonstrating a company's positive impact.
Whether you're a multinational or a brand new start-up, Comic Relief has a dedicated Fundraising team to help your company make the most of fundraising. To find out more, contact us.
Thank you
Sport Relief's success is in no small part down to the generous support we've received from people in the entertainment and sport industries, and to the companies who have kindly given gifts and sponsorship.


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Adrienne Keith
MisCon 27 Panel Volunteer
EvilBob has been making jewelry of various sorts for over {Classified} years and is always playing with multiple craft forms. She has a passion for costuming, jewelry, surviving the zombie apocalypse and gaming. Adrienne has been focusing her last year on steampunkification of traditional jewelry and her zombie preparedness plan.
Web site: http://www.optimysticalstudios.com/
Scheduled Panels and Presentations:


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
text field input width on formsAsked by UJAFederation on November 28, 2013 at 02:41 PM
Just working on a 'Matrix' form.
I've customized the size of the columns as well as the pixel width of the form itself.
However, I cannot seem to increase the size of the text field input width container at all.
This has resulted in an odd looking input box which appears to only accept very short answers.
Can this be adjusted?
JotForm Support
There are ways to customize each form element to respond to the container. This may involve adding custom CSS for each element in adjusting the style properties and values.
Please share the url to the form so that it can be examined for a possible solution tailored for your need.
JotForm Support
I have checked the form, and it looks like that you followed the Titus's advise and adjusted the Matrix text boxes with custom CSS. Please feel free to contact us if you need any further assistance on this.


text:
Helldorados - 2014 - Lessons In Decay
- Seven Deadly Sins
- In For The Kill
- By The Progress
- The Devil Takes The Hindmost
- Anytime, Anywhere
- Let Us Play
- Megalomaniac
- Wake Up Dead
- To Live Is To Die
- Something sweet
- We Won´t Back Down
Now the follow up to the bands self titled debut has arrived.
"Lessons In Decay" has turned the speed down one grade, but
without loosing in quality and attitude. Maybe that is the reason
it´s not the same direct musical knock out when you listen to it the
first time. But after a couple of listening you find yourself rather
impressed with the band after all. The sound is true the core of the
debut. And even if the songs are not as direct on this deal I
wonder if the quality ain´t higher on this album. Course it´s still
raw and in your face and they stick like glue.
I found myself wondering how the band sounds like live, course
this style of music usually sounds more vibrant and alive when
preformed on a stage. There is always something special when you
hear a band like this live. Maybe it´s the kinship with the
underground scene that it sprung from that shines through that is
hard to capture in the studio.
Anyhow, the band proves that they are very skilled musicians and
has taken one step forward since the debut. And as I mentioned
earlier so has their song writing skills.
Whit songs like "Seven Deadly Sins", "To Live Is To Die" and
" We Won´t Back Down" they have some really great anthems for
the live shows. In "Something Sweet" they show a humorous side
that is rather amusing.
So my advice to you is, if you liked the first album you really
should get a copy of this one and if you get the chance you should
check them out live.
Last Updated (Sunday, 25 January 2015 14:00)


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Jamie Dingman & Elin Nordgren
July 15, 2011 by Post Team
Jamie Dingman & Elin Nordgren, She was devastated and humiliated when it was revealed that her then husband Tiger Woods came to have 14 lovers and given to a number of issues. However, Elin Nordegren has found love again with a wealthy American investor, according to The New York Post.
The former Swedish model, 31, who took 100 million as part of their divorce settlement Woods, is said to have been dating for months Dingman.
Her new love is the son of billionaire Michael Dingman, an internationally successful investor and businessman, and Jamie is very involved with the interests of his father in China.
A source told the New York Post: "He's never been so happy. He and Elin have strong feelings for each other. It's a classic kind of all Americans.
"He's handsome, a gentleman and a low profile. He's never been in the press. Elin is a very lucky girl, he's a great guy but very private."
The extremely eligible bachelor has been linked to Princess Madeleine of Sweden, dated Bridget Moynahan, the mother of the son of Tom Brady.
Jamie divides his time between China and the Bahamas with his father Shipston Group has its headquarters.
But despite his lifestyle of jet-set that appears Jamie has still had time to visit Elin in her native Sweden and the couple spent time in her luxury apartment in Stockholm.
By the time the Spanish press reported Elin visitor, but Jamie was not identified.
It has been said that the couple met at the dance of the Red Cross in Florida last January attended the Princess Madeleine.
While Jamie may be able to match the mega-bank's balance sheet Tigre, which is their only similarity and a source told the New York Post that Jamie did not play golf. "
Elin Woods as golf divorced later learned he had been involved in a number of extra-military affairs came to light in December 2009.
Although initially set by the claims that eventually filed for divorce and the couple's marriage ended in August 2010.
The couple has two children, Sam, three, and Charlie two years old.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


text:
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What's New: Samovar Sweet Crystals
what's new
Published 4:00 am, Sunday, April 24, 2011
San Francisco's Samovar tea lounges have a new way to sweeten things up. Its Sweet Crystals have replaced refined sugar in all its beverages and baked goods at its three locales in the city.
The crystals are made from organic evaporated coconut palm nectar. Farmers in Bali climb palm trees and tap the fruit for nectar, which is then dried and crystallized. The resulting crystals resemble Muscavado or Demerara sugar, but have a drier consistency. The smell is of graham crackers and the taste is buttery, malty and molasses-like.
Stirred into hot tea, the crystals have a softer, more complex flavor than sugar. In baked goods like shortbread, they add little amber speckles of color and a browned-butter, toffee-like note. When baking, be sure to substitute 1 1/2 cups of crystals for 1 cup of granulated sugar.
A 14-ounce bag is $18 at Samovar (297 Page St., 730 Howard St. in Yerba Buena Gardens, and 498 Sanchez St.), or from its website, samovarlife.com.


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Democrat supporters have low turn out in support of Hillary Clinton at Wisconsin Rally with Bernie Sanders Kristan T. Harris | American Intelligence Report Bernie Sanders was in Madison Wisconsin on Wednesday and only a few hundred people showed up to hear him speak in support of Democratic Presidential Candidate, Hillary Clinton. Roll back the […]Read More
Tag: polls
Some Call Him a Spoiler for Trump, Others Believe He Could Be The Next President Of the United States, Gary Johnson is Appealing to Wisconsin Locals. Kristan T. Harris | American Intelligence Report Wisconsin State Campaign Director for presidential candidate Gary Johnson, Devin Gatton, took the stage at Serb Hall Thursday night and confidently stated, "I want to let everybody know, […]Read More


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The growth of fractional aircraft share sales has cooled recently, reflected by delayed and canceled orders for new aircraft by fractional providers (AIN, May, page 1). Another apparent reflection of the downturn is the sharp reduction in total pilot hiring by the major fractional providers. According to AIR Inc., an Atlanta firm that tracks flight-crew hiring statistics, the four largest fractional operators–NetJets, Flight Options, Bombardier Flexjet and CitationShares–hired 92 pilots in the first five months of this year, compared with 559 in the same period last year. In May, the major fractional operators added just 22 pilots versus 100 in May last year.
Fractional pilot hiring down significantly
- July 28, 2008, 11:36 AM


text: Science & TechnologyWorld's languages face existential threat Experts say languages are dying out, as Google launches site to help save endangered ones. 23 Jun 2012 13:26 GMT | Science & Technology, Environment, Middle East Experts estimate that about half of the world's 6,900 contemporary languages could disappear in the next 90 years. In an effort to help save threatened languages, internet giant Google has created a website that allows users to upload recordings and manuscripts of thousands of rare dialects and words.Source: Al Jazeera


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My name is Phill and you're probably wondering what brings me here. Well, more than likely the same thing that brought you here, the crab-puffs, right? Delicious. ;)
Nope, I am here because well dating this day and age sucks, particularly for those that work odd hours which puts a damper on the traditional social life thing.
Here's a few things to know about me. I work a (sometimes more than) full-time job which as stated above has odd hours. Thankfully I have most weekends free, so there is a silver lining. I do not live with my parents, instead I rent a house with my best friend in the world. I have the responsible adult thing down.
I am a pretty fun guy, I love to throw game nights, video game tournaments, I would love to learn to dance like the Step Up movies (not even a joke, and as a born in the womb metal head I risk years of my headbanging reputation on admitting that). I love movies to death, so much so that I host a show on YouTube about movies, I'm a guitarist and all around music lover. I have interests in pretty much everything. Knowledge is power, so I like to learn about whatever I can.
In terms of what I am looking for, I am looking for a long term relationship. I think that a romantic partner should be more than just that, but should be my partner in crime (so to speak), best friend, confidant, etc. So I want to find someone who fits and for whom I fit their ideal romantic partner. While I have always wanted to me a movie/rock star no dream has ever topped that of wanting to be a family man with the coolest spouse and kids. That would truly be a dream come true.
I am also working on ridding the streets of filth and shaking society out of poverty and apathy. As a man I am corruptible, I can be destroyed but as a symbol, I can be something else. It's time my enemies share my dread. I am BATMAN!
Quoting movies.
Playing guitar
Giving advice
Being there for those who need me.
Writing music, films, reviews.
Talking like Christopher Walken
Movies: A Few Good Men, Dead Poets Society, Daze and Confused are my top three. This list would be long. Anything written by Aaron Sorkin, anything David Fincher does. Anything Chris Nolan does. Pretty much any Superhero flick. The Fast and Furious Franchise... so on and so forth.
I don't watch a ton of TV but my favorites are ER, The Newsroom, West Wing, Breaking Bad, Better Call Saul, Walking Dead, Lost, Boy Meets World.
Here are some of many: Metallica, Red hot Chili Peppers, Ghost, Type O Negative, Ronnie James Dio, Avenged Sevenfold, Iron Maiden, Iced Earth, Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, Sonata Arctica, Dio, Led Zeppelin, Hyper Crush, Blink 182, Offspring, and Beatles. There are a ton of bands that I love though so this doesn't do a lot of justice, Just gives you an idea.
I love Italian, Chinese and Mexican... if only they had a Itali-Chi-Mex fusion restaurant.
Film, Laughter, peace, music, human connection, my sense of hearing.
In all seriousness, probably that I have thought of names for children I would like to have one day.
I can name all the members of the Backstreet Boys and Nsync.
I have no problem identifying an attractive actor. I am very comfortable with my sexuality but even I can't deny the power of Channing Tatum
You are passionate about anything, but maybe even music, movies, cars, comics, video games, that would be awesome.
You want a boyfriend who will treat you like a woman should be treated, with respect, dignity, honesty and trust.
I am looking for a girl to be my best friend and companion. Someone that will be there for me like I will be there for her. I am looking for a girl who can handle me. I think perfection is all about perception, we all have our own idea of perfect and how it applies to each other.


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Friday, August 22, 2008
Kyriba Predicts Growth For SaaS, Despite Economy
San Diego-based Kyriba Corporation, which develops software-as-a-service for managing cash and foreign exchange for companies, said earlier this week that it is predicting higher than expected market growth for its solutions, despite the economy. According to the firm, whose products are used by CFOs and controllers to manage their foreign exchange and cash, it is seeing stronger and forecasted growth. The firm attributed the growth, and predicted higher than expected growth for its market, as companies are looking towards software-as-a-service instead of licensing software, purchasing hardware, and using IT personnel to manage systems. Venture-backed Kyriba's services are used to automate cash, bank, and ledger reconciliation and other related cash management functions. The firm is venture backed by American Express, BIH, BRED Banque Populaire, Coface, GRP Partners, and Mangrove Capital Partners.
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text: I just feel like i'm not the person I am anymore. Sure, i've had lots of fun here. But after I insulted Qaz, I was dissapointed in me and asked myself, Is this who I am? To be raged if someone is teaching me their knowledge? After my short break, i've made a decision although I am not perfect with it. I feel as if i'm a burden to this wiki. I overreact to everything. I can't believe I wanted to be an admin before after what I did. So yes, I am leaving.


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Social Listening
About This Episode
Use Adobe Social to monitor social media conversations and see how they affect your company's bottom line. Use keywords to gather qualitative data, such as sentiment, and quantitative data such as number of mentions and audience size. Work with Adobe Digital Marketing Suite to get insight into how these social media conversations affect business objectives, like revenue.
Get the latest tutorials, information and more about any Adobe cloud solution on Adobe Learn.


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Service Categories:
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Available to: Faculty & Staff
Service Summary
Classroom and Lab Technologies (CaLT) provides support for general purpose and technology-enhanced classroom facilities, computer classrooms, as well as audiovisual checkout equipment.
CaLT complies with George Mason University's Responsible Use of Computing policy.
How to Get this ServiceClassroom training: To view training materials for installed classroom equipment as well as photographs for all supported classrooms, click here. If you need additional assistance after reviewing these materials, contact the appropriate resource at your campus.
- Arlington Classroom Support: 703-993-8226
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Checkout equipment training: Visit your Classroom Support Office to learn how to properly use equipment.
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Faculty will be kept appraised via e-mail and other communications
about any long-term outages or temporary solutions.
There is no charge for this service.
Arlington Classroom Support
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Tel: 703-993-8226
Monday thru Friday: 8:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m.
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(Classroom Support office is closed on Sundays during the summer term sessions.)
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Last modified date: August 1, 2014


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Hi Eric, I am compiling on "Power PC" Architecture Board. As you said I compiled with 'make V=1' , Output file is attached with this mail. Regards, Veera. -----Original Message----- From: Eric Blake [mailto:eblake redhat com] Sent: Wednesday, July 11, 2012 8:00 PM To: B Veera-B37207 Cc: libvir-list redhat com Subject: Re: [libvirt] Unable to make libvirt On 07/11/2012 06:52 AM, B Veera-B37207 wrote: > Hi, > > I am unable to compile libvirt -0.9.13 > > > 1. ./configure (Executed successfully without any errors) > > 2. While executing make I am getting following Error > > /bin/sed: can't read =/usr/lib/libnl-route.la: No such file or > directory That's an odd file name. Something went wrong to botch libtool up that badly. What platform are you compiling on? Can you show the error is you repeat things with 'make V=1' to get a more complete command line that was being attempted prior to the error? -- Eric Blake eblake redhat com +1-919-301-3266 Libvirt virtualization library http://libvirt.org
Description: error.out


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By Robert Koehler
The Turin Horse begins with a micro-fiction by Laszlo Krasznahorkai, reminiscent of both Donald Barthelme's short fictions placing historical figures in fictitious situations and W.S. Merwin's prose-poems which combine many different values, but frequently stress two: radical brevity and openness. Krasznahorkai wrote "The Turin Horse" micro-fiction in the early '80s, and his friends Bela Tarr and Agnes Hranitsky first heard it in a public reading at that time. The story simply tells of a horse in 1888 being mercilessly beaten by its frustrated owner for not budging, and how Nietzsche, passing by on the street in Turin, leapt in to shield the horse from further abuse. The incident left Nietzsche fundamentally altered, ultimately mute and possibly mad, until he died about a decade later. "Of the horse," the story as well as the third-person on the soundtrack concludes, "we know nothing."
The Turin Horse, the film, subsequently provides an answer to this open question, and just as suitably, concludes with another open ending: Of the fate of the aging Hungarian farmer, Ohlsdorfer (Janos Derzsi) and his unnamed daughter (Erika Bok, reappearing on screen after her debut as an 11-year-old in Tarr's Satantango), we know nothing. Knowledge is a difficult thing to ascertain in the world of Tarr/Krasznahorkai/Hranitsky, which is most vividly characterized and defined by movement and the ritualized behavior of everyday human life. This has been the dominant factor since Tarr's Damnation, though more exactly it was with the director's previous and crucial film, his adaptation of Macbeth, that he threw out a hyper-realist filmmaking approach influenced by John Cassavetes for a montage of extended plan-sequence takes—arguably the most elaborate camera schemes in cinema since Theo Angelopoulos and Tarr's fellow Hungarian Miklos Jansco—which involved often nearly invisible choreography of the camera and the bodies in front of, behind and to the sides of it. It's this choreography that begins to answer the unknown at the end of Krasznahorkai's story: Fred Kelemen's black-and-white camera, as important a factor in a film's final effect as any recent work by any living cinematographer, gazes on….The Turin Horse, living on past 1888 somewhere in Hungary and trotting down a road and driven by Ohlsdorfer, a Beethovian dance of horsepower observed by Kelemen with a constantly moving, roving camera that tracks the horse with intense curiosity, passion, eroticism even—Beethoven, like we say. And with this, the immediate announcement of Mihaly Vig's chamber score, a circular dirge for small chamber setting (with Vig, Tarr's "permanent" composer, as are all his fellow partners, "permanent," leading on organ, which he also plays in his rock band) that becomes one of the film's two essential audio features. Kelemen's camera (Kelemen operates himself, and is thus the key dancer in the film's visual choreography) doesn't simply move in reverse in front of the horse—though, classified technically as a reverse moving shot, it's one of the greatest in film history—but around it, to its sides, roving, wandering around her body, considering her power, locomotion, pure movement for movement's sake, exactly Degas' obsession with the physique in (frozen) motion unfrozen. This is only one of two times in the film where the horse (played in the opening by a horse with no name, and played subsequently by a horse named Ricsi) works.
The rest of the time in The Turin Horse, the humans work. Unlike Damnation, Satantango, Werckmeister Harmonies or The Man from London, there are no larger stories, nor greater communities surrounding the characters. These are people directly from Samuel Beckett, but translated by Krasznahorkai into a fully grounded setting not too far from the world of Satantango, which is embedded in a fully captured Hungarian farming community and stresses, like The Turin Horse, a specific choreography of bodies through defined physical space, sometimes repeated many times, always daily, the days defining their lives. (The narrative of The Turin Horse is divided into six days, each identified by a place card in front of each section, like a thriller or horror movie.) Ohlsdorfer has a bum arm and hand, so he's badly dependent on his daughter to help him with chores, and chores are all that fill their days, with rest periods in between of staring out their home's main window—almost certainly what farm folks in the pre-electric age would do for entertainment, with the window as a screen.
Their ritualized day goes something like this. The daughter usually rises first, with the father shortly after, fully clothed in PJ's with socks (and usually viewed at an angle echoing Mantegna's "Dead Christ" which becomes quite amusing through repetition. The Turin Horse, contrary to everything you may have read up until now, can be a pretty funny film, especially when seen more than once.) He swings his legs around the side of the bed, and she helps him take off his bedclothes, which are as many garments as the daytime clothes she also puts on for him like a patient nurse. This establishes a certain complicated patriarchy, but made vulnerable, and the critical role the daughter plays in making everything in the house and the farm function.
In fact, she does most everything: She preps all of the food—largely potatoes, boiled, served in a wooden bowl with no utensils—tends to the oven, the gas lamps, the laundry, refreshing the hay in the horse barn, retrieving water from the well that looks about 50 yards from the house's front door. Dad, on the other hand, can't get the day going without two swigs of his preferred booze, palinka, a type of Hungarian schnapps that looks as strong or stronger than vodka. (You know things are going bad on the farm when he doesn't stop at two swigs, but chases it with a bigger swig straight from the bottle—with Kelemen and Tarr holding on the bottle as he sets it down for an extended still life shot, a vision of possible doom, and one of the moments in The Turin Horse that truly takes the viewer directly back to Satantango, and its extraordinary fascination with drinking and bottles.)
But the father does work, in the stable with the horse, which has decided to stop working. This is the beginning of the film's Beckett effect, where characters (there are three, with a fourth who enters dramatically at the film's unforgettable midpoint) are at the beginning of the end point. In Beckett, as in both the fiction and film versions of The Turin Horse, things never actually end, though an end, perhaps The End, seems as though it may be on the horizon—or not, and what may follow is a repetition of what happened before, suggesting an ending that never comes. This is why it's wrong to label the film or anything in it as "apocalyptic," a term that we're getting too used to. (The 2012 effect, maybe.) The horse refuses to budge, again, and Ohlsdorfer, sitting on his rickety buggy and unleashing his whip on the stubborn, tired creature, is repeating history, or Krasznahorkai's history within the fictional world he's made up. The horse is re-living her past life all over again, and now, the father and daughter are going to be living five days that repeat themselves with strange constancy, broken up by only two key intruders/incidents. The daughter, playing Nietzsche, steps in and stops Ohlsdorfer from beating the horse, which then exacts her revenge by refusing to eat for the following days.
This ushers in the film's most overwhelming effect—a raging wind, so ferocious that it makes a kind of strange musical sound (the audio track of the wind is steadily looped for extended sections) and creates a new environment. The wind is already there in the opening shot, but soon, it's a malevolent force that some will be tempted to interpret as either God or the Devil. (Which it would be if this were a Bergman film; fortunately, The Turin Horse is as far from Bergman as an Adam Sandler movie.) Griffith's desire of a cinema for the feeling of wind through the trees is amplified here to operatic lengths, and provides the film with a sense of tremendous enormity, paradoxically co-existing with its deliberately claustrophobic sense of a small farmhouse in which two people are barely ekeing out an existence, and frequently can't step outside. Rituals get reduced: Tending to the stove, sewing, picking through the potatoes, staring out the window, sleeping. Only outside runs to the well are possible in the increasingly horrific weather, which becomes worse when the well runs mysteriously dry. The world, so huge and sweeping in the opening bravura dance and in Kelemen's giant landscape views of the nearby hills and a lonely tree, feels like it's caving in.
Then, he arrives. We never know who he is, a neighbor most likely, somebody Ohlsdorfer feels comfortable inviting past his threshold. He's here, of course, for some palinka; Ohlsdorfer, clearly, is the local go-to guy for palinka. But he soon is clearly here for another reason: In the film's only monologue, and its only notable chunk of dialogue (the father and daughter talk in the short, clipped language of people who've worked back-breaking labor their entire lives), he delivers a warning to them, that any chance for a life of "excellence" and "good" is over, chased out by nameless barbarians who've ruined everything. He's not Nietzsche, but rather a Nietzschean character, like the horse herself, as if Krasznahorkai had returned to his original story, snared a possible character from a possible fiction shadowed by the presence of Nietzsche and deposited him down in the midpoint of the film. He's a pivot point, a man facing defeat, certainly a foreshadowing of the European disasters to come, but also a universal warning of the collapse of culture. This scene will surely be examined exhaustively by critics and writers, since its one of the rare scenes since Satantango in which Tarr and Krasznahorkai place their thematic cards on the table in something other than purely cinematic terms; it's an aria in an otherwise nearly wordless opera. But it's also undermined in an instant by Ohlsdorfer, who's been patiently listening to his verbose friend, stops him, calls it all "rubbish" and orders him out the front door. Open readings and possibilities characterize The Turin Horse from start to finish, and this scene is no exception: The man, plopping his hulking body down at the dinner, could be a parody of every movie drunk opining about the world (or Beckett character who whips enough energy to muster a speech), seeing nothing but darker and darker prospects with every progressive swig, or he could be the kind of visionary who circulate through the worlds of Tarr's films, phony or not, with some perception of the way the world actually is. Beyond his conclusions that any chance is dashed for the forces of good and excellence to triumph over the forces of rottenness (an interesting argument to hear on the week that certain forces of good in Egypt triumphed over medievalists and autocrats), he's here to deliver the word: God is dead.
This may be why, even subconsciously, some rejected The Turin Horse in Berlin, and will do so as it trots through one festival after another toward a deservedly legendary position as a key film of our time. (And not just because Tarr claimed to my face that it's his last film, which I also don't believe for a second.) The notion, even within a design of open filmic narrative architecture, that a film would present a case for the non-existence of God is unpleasant to many people, even people at film festivals, where you're more likely than in many other walks of life to run into atheists. There are the obvious reasons why some (many?) even hate the film: Its repetitions, the almost never-changing music (I spotted on two watching/listenings not just one music track by Vig, but a pair), the elongated pace, the sustained depiction in black-and-white of a mercilessly bleak existence, the rejection of "drama," maybe even just the sight of people eating boiled potatoes again and again with their hands, the sheer "pointlessness" of it (an emotion that seeped out of several reviews by frustrated critics). But the fundamental Nietzschean concept of life with a God is as frequently despised now (perhaps now more than ever before) as it was in the author's time.
I've mentioned two specific reference points to Nietzsche in The Turin Horse. Sight and Sound critic/editor Nick James helpfully mentioned another one to me: The man at the beginning of Nietzsche's "The Gay Science" who observes a candle going out as proof that God is dead. The critical turning points in the film begin with the horse refusing to work; the wind; the man and his monologue; the unwelcome visit of Gypsies who urge the father and daughter to join them on their way to America (not, under the circumstances, a bad idea; in fact, the entire film can be prosaically read as a demonstration of why people fled Europe for North America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries) and leave the daughter with a strange book; the attempted departure of the farm, only to make a U-turn just over the ridge of the nearby hill (the film's biggest mystery—what makes them turn back?); and, on the fifth day, and into the sixth, the gas-lit lamps in the house failing to work anymore, like the Turin Horse. Inside of this are more slices of Nietzsche: The candle/lamp going out, and the large tome from the Gypsies read out loud by the daughter (in what amounts to her only monologue, of sorts), with the passage she reads describing how the churches are being closed by the priests because too much sin has been committed. Tarr refers to the book, a pure invention of Krasznahorkai's, as an "anti-Bible." The fascination with this scene, both in the kind of reverential way that Kelemen lights it and frames the daughter and the book, is that the slightly inattentive viewer might actually think that she's reading from the Bible, but just perhaps an obscure chapter that only Biblical scholars know well. It is, in fact, the third fiction which Krasznahorkai has implanted in the film, the first being the micro-fiction, the second being the film narrative meant to answer the story's open question, and suddenly, this unexpected kind of meta-fiction masquerading as scripture that's actually a repudiation of religion.
Tarr's cinematic design begins with elaborate camera dances, the pure celebration of cinematic movement through space, and ends with absolute stasis and darkness. By the arrival of day six, the storm has ended, the apocalypse hasn't happened. But this meticulously observed choreography of human beings at work and in everyday life, absolutely materialist and fixed by the clock and the course of the sun rising and setting and rising again the next day, gives way to a disturbing metaphysic without God, a darkness (Kelemen's images manage as close to pure blackness as I've seen in a film since the final scene in Kiarostami's The Taste of Cherry, perhaps more so since we are watching black-and-white 35mm film) that forces the father and daughter into a Beckett space of motionlessness and the elimination of language. ("What is this?" the daughter says as the light goes out. There can be no real answer.) It's an extension of the dread at the heart of Van Gogh's "The Potato Eaters," only drained of light. What we're watching at the end of The Turin Horse is the beginning of the end of lives as they are, though not possibly death. The storm is over; maybe, as Ohlsdorfer urges his daughter at an especially dire point, they'll try again tomorrow. The potatoes can't be boiled now, but we'll go on. We can't go on. We'll go on.


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Movie Contents
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"gyn out patients"
About: Doncaster Royal Infirmary Doncaster Royal Infirmary Doncaster DN2 5LT
Posted by Anonymous
I was very satisfied with the way i was treated my consultant was very reassuring and settled all the worries i had , very pleased . thank you HHG
Response from Doncaster Royal Infirmary 3 years ago
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