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A couple accused of committing "a lewd act in public" in the U.A.E. tied the knot in hopes of escaping possible jail time.
The story emerged in May when a shopper spotted an Iranian man and South African woman exchanging kisses at a shopping mall in Bur Dubai and informed the police.
Since the Gulf country has strict rules and regulations pertaining to public display of affection, especially when it comes to unmarried couples, the two face prosecuted.
"We did not kiss on the lips, we just pecked cheeks," the man told the Dubai Appeal Court, where he has entered a not guilty plea, according to Gulf News. The couple has also provided a copy of their marriage certificate to avoid a jail sentence.
Such instances are not rare in the U.A.E. or most of the Gulf countries for that matter.
One of the most high profile cases made headlines in 2010 when two British nationals, Charlotte Adams and Ayman Najafi, were jailed for a month after a local woman complained they had kissed in a restaurant in Dubai. They were convicted of indecency and illegal drinking and given a one-month jail sentence.
"Holding hands for a married couple is tolerated but kissing and petting are considered an offense to public decency," according to the code of conduct published by the Government of Dubai. "Public displays of affection, as well as sexual harassment or randomly addressing women in public places, is liable to be punished by imprisonment or deportation."
The U.A.E. is one of the world's fastest growing tourism destinations. As per a report released in May, a total of 13.2 million tourists traveled to Dubai in 2014 alone, with most of the visitors coming from countries like Brazil, China, Australia, as well as several East European nations.
However, foreigners often face difficulties because they are usually unaware of the unique cultural and legal practices of the country.


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What are treatments for growth hormone imbalances?
Synthetic Growth Hormone treatments work by either reducing the levels of growth hormone or by blocking the effects of growth hormone. Examples of medications to treat growth hormone excess include the following:
- Sandostatin® (octreotide injection)
- Somavert® (pegvisomant)
- Cabergoline
People with deficiencies requiring growth hormone treatment are prescribed a synthetic (man-made) medication. They work identical to the way the body's naturally occurring growth hormone works. These medications require prescriptions and are given by injection. Examples of medications to treat growth hormone deficiency include the following:
- Genotropin®, Humatrope®, Norditropin®, Omnitrope®, Saizen®, Serostim®, Tev-Tropin®, Nutropin®, and Nutropin AQ® (somatropin)
- Protropin® (somatrem)

subset: commoncrawl


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- Description
Contemporary and sleek rounded acrylic legs. Chrome frame with 5mm glass table top.Includes
1 End TableDimensions
End Table(720747), 24.00"W x 24.00"D x 23.75"H
More from this collection: Claude
- Additional Information
Additional Information
SKU 12695007 GTIN N/A Collection Claude Assemble Length N/A Assemble Width N/A Assemble Height N/A Assembly Required Yes Material Glass Finish Chrome Styles Contemporary Shapes N/A Shipping Time 1-2 Weeks Free Shipping No
- Reviews
Disclaimer: Pictures displayed may include optional products not included in the price. Computer monitors often display color variations. Color swatches are shown if alternative colors are available. Please call us or email us if you have any questions!


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3615 Superior Ave. E.
Space Type: To Rent
4236 sq. ft.
Location: Cleveland
Neighborhood: Downtown
Rent: $1,485 per month
Use: Producing work, Selling work, Showing work
Organization name
Studio/Gallery/Creative space
* Hardwood Floors
* 12′ ceilings
* Open Plan
* Office
* Only $1,485.00 a month plus utilities
* Access to our Fiber Connection (100 up/100 down)
* Free parking
* Eclectic tenant base
Join neighbors Gotta Groove Records, Indigo Imp Brewery, Modern Cre8ive, Fantroy Fotos, Laser Cap, NAC Audio, Lusenhop Fine Art, Commercial Moving and Storage, Cleveland Inner-city Ballet, Rustbelt Reclamation and E Prep Cliffs Campus.
Great for creative office, arts organizations, Co-working collective, makers and doers.
More about the space at this link: http://tylervillage.com/community/4236-square-foot-studiogallerycreative-space/


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Greetings, Miloslav Trmac wrote:
Hello, ----- "Dan Gruhn" <Dan Gruhn groupw com> wrote:I am getting this error when audit viewer starts: # audit-viewer Error reading audit events: No such file or directory.Thinking that perhaps something is pointing to the wrong files, I attempted to use Window/Change event source.. . Then I get this:<snip>File "/usr/local/share/audit-viewer/source_dialog.py", line 161, in __source_log_with_rotated_toggled self.source_log.set_active_iter(it) TypeError: iter should be a GtkTreeIterThis crash is a bug in audit-viewer, I'll fix it for the next release.
I look forward to that.
You are right, the path was /usr/local/var/log/audit. Once I recompiled with this change everything seems to be working. Does this default of --prefix subree make sense in any situation? I ask because perhaps a default of /var would more often produce the correct result.I'm not 100% sure, but I think the problem is caused by the fact that audit-viewer searches for audit logs in the --prefix subtree (as specified by configure). You can verify the used path by running (strings /your/prefix/libexec/audit-viewer-server-real |grep /log/audit); If it is not /var/log/audit, you'll need to rebuild audit-viewer, specifying --localstatedir=/var .
Thank you for taking the time to lead me through all of this. I think I am on my way now.I'll document the necessity to use --localstatedir. Thank you, Mirek


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So I recieved an order for a baby shower cake with a football theme. It's for a friend of mine, so she's leaving the creative part up to me. It's for only 15 people and she wants a Redskins logo in there somewhere. I do have the football pan, but I don't know if just the half ball on a board is enough. I thought about the half ball on a sheet cake, but then it will serve WAY more than 15 and might go out of her budget. Any ideas?? Thanks in advance!!
0 replies


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Drawing on the Center's robust track record of implementing innovative research programs, emboldened by its successful research capacity strengthening initiatives, and guided by its principles of investing in individual and institutional capacity building in Africa, APHRC had developed a self-sustaining training program that will extend and complement its research capacity strengthening programs.
The training program draws on sets of skills, competencies and experiences within the organization and its network of partners globally to offer different forms of training programs to strengthen individual and institutional capacities in sub-Saharan Africa. The training program operates as a self-sustaining initiative with potential to enable APHRC leverage additional resources to support its other core mandates while providing a much-needed service to the region.
The training workshops and seminars of APHRC focus on three thematic areas:
- Research Leadership: Training programs under Research Leadership focus on developing and supporting research leaders in sub-Saharan Africa to become globally recognized names in their respective fields.
- Institutional Leadership and Management: Training programs focus on supporting senior leadership at African institutions to lead and drive change within their organizations.
- Research Communication: This training program targets senior researchers, policy makers, and media executives with the aim of bridging existing research-and-policy gap and facilitating greater translation and use of research evidence in policy formulation and program improvement in the region.
For more details about the available training workshops and to register, visit www.aphrc.org/workshops


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Chicken Rescue From Cage
Pets Summer: Jolly Day Use Mouse Only. Like human beings, pets also like to go on a summer trip. They will have their own way to enjoy when their masters are away from them. In this game, see how the pets are enjoying their summer vacation. Like other escape games, it will have objects puzzles. Good luck! Click for more escape games online
Game loading!


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George Bursick belongs to the winemaking generation that formed and continues to shape California's reputation as one of the world's premiere wine regions. Growing up in Sonoma County, many of his friends' families were grape growers and he was exposed to vineyards and winemaking at a young age. George earned his Master's degree in Enology from UC Davis, and, after graduation. he began his first solo winemaking job at McDowell Valley Vineyards in Mendocino County. After nine years at McDowell, George joined a new winery in Sonoma called Ferrari-Carano on the design/build team as Director of Winemaking, where he remained Executive Winemaker for 21 years.
George has led the winemaking team at Villa Toscano for the last four years and has a precise understanding of the unique characteristic of the fruit from Shenandoah Valley. His talent is clearly reflected in the world-class wines of Villa Toscano.


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Pico Aguyon rankings
Difficulty ranking world: 2939 (all)
Ranking Spain: 285 (all)
Ranking Picos de Europa and Cantabrian Mountains: 51(all)
Difficulty score: 75.62 what?
Pico Aguyon ratings
(rate it)
The Pico Aguyon is situated in Asturias. This climb belongs to the Picos de Europa and Cantabrian Mountains.
Starting from El Rio Cazon,
the Pico Aguyon ascent is 7 km long. Over this distance, you climb 600 heightmeters.
The average percentage thus is 8.6 %.
Look for other sides to climb the Pico Aguyon.
profile Pico Aguyon - click to open in new window
open big profile of the Pico Aguyon in a new window
Find climbs close to the Pico Aguyon: within 10 km - within 20 km - within 50 km
Find all climbs and cols in Asturias on a map.
Find all climbs in the Picos de Europa and Cantabrian Mountains in Spain on a map.
No stories submitted yet. Did you climb this mountain?
Did you climb the Pico Aguyon? Please send your cycling story, description or comments. You can also send us video's or send us pictures on the Pico Aguyon.
© climbbybike™ All rights reserved 2005 -


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Which of the below is more appropriate ?
1. The yolk of an egg is white.
2. The yolk of the egg is white
For Solution : Click Here
This Blog is a collection of brain teasers, puzzles (maths,fun,brain etc), riddles,Questions, Quiz.
Both are wrong as yolk of the egg is yellowReplyDelete
The Yolk of an egg is yellow.... not WhiteReplyDelete
Yayy! I've come here to kill some fun... Alright, so the yolk of the egg is yellow. Saying that the yolk of the egg is white is incorrect. But, the questions is, "Which of the below is more appropriate?" So, being a comparison, we have to answer for one. And appropriateness is different from factual correctness. So, there has to be one of those answers.
Now, saying that the yolk of an egg is white is a generalising and counting a large number of eggs. Therefore, your level of correctness is very low.
However, when you say that the yolk of the egg is white, you are talking about one single egg. So here, you are less incorrect than before because you are talking about lesser amount of eggs.
Therefore, No.2 is more appropriate.
nice logic...


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No remains left of tourist who slipped and fell into scalding, acidic hot spring
A man who slipped and fell into a hot spring at the world famous Yellowstone Park in the US was allegedly looking for a place to bathe in the extremely hot waters.
New information about the death of Colin Nathaniel Scott has been revealed in the US.
The 23-year-old from Oregon was visiting the park in Wyoming with his sister in June when, according to a report from the National Park Service released to media in Oregon, the pair went off the official walkway looking for a place to soak in the hot waters, a hobby known as 'hot potting'.
The report also reveals that Scott's sister Sable was filming him on her mobile phone as he approached the edge of a pool in an area of the park known as the Norris Geyser basin.
The report says that Scott was reaching down to test the temperature of the pool when he slipped and fell in.
The video has not been released and details of the footage are not included in the Park report.
Attempts were made to rescue Scott's remains but nothing could be found and the search was called off.
Temperatures in the scalding, acidic springs in that area average around 90C.


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Best Smartphones for Christmas
Stay connected to loved ones with a new smartphone this Christmas. Check out our list of the best smartphones for Christmas to help you find the perfect gift.
It is great, covers my phone for protection, and doubles as a stand. I love it and the price is right too!...
ITEM#: 14221114This is a BasAcc light pink leather case for Apple iPhone 4/ 4S. Protect your cell phone against external dust and scratches in this case accessory.
|Supported Device
|iPhone 4, iPhone 4S
|Model Number
|Country of Origin
It is great, covers my phone for protection, and doubles as a stand. I love it and the price is right too!Read More
I really like being able to cover the front of my phone when it is in my pocket with my keys and the flip cover is one of the best I've used. I've had it for two months and it has worked well. However, you have to take the phone out of the case to take a picture. The camera hole isn't big enough and pictures come out tinged in pink. Also, after two months of use, the case has stretched and my phone falls out sometimes.Read More
The case is great looking, great fit. My only problem is that it messes with the light sensor. When using it the screen constantly stays on causing the face to turn on FaceTime or hit numbers. This makes the case unusable, and I will be returning.Read More
gets stretched out after a while. but that coupd be because I squeezed my 3Gs into it. But the best type of case for me. because of the magnetic snap cover rather than a locking one. easy access and protection.Read More
Stay connected to loved ones with a new smartphone this Christmas. Check out our list of the best smartphones for Christmas to help you find the perfect gift.
Top 5 Cell Phone Accessories from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about the top 5 cell phone accessories.
Cell Phone Accessories Checklist from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about cell phone accessories.
Top 5 Features to Look for in Cell Phone Cases from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with the top 5 features to look for in cell phone cases.
Best Telephone Features for Home or Office from Overstock.com. Our guides provide customers with information about the best telephone features for home or office.
Whether you're shopping for your dad, husband, son, brother, or boyfriend, finding the perfect gift for the techie guy in your life just got easier. We've put together the top gifts for the person in your life that is always in the know when it comes to the latest and greatest tech gadgets.
From rugged and waterproof outdoor speakers to wireless speaker sets for quality indoor surround sound, Bluetooth speakers are a must-have for the music lovers, partygoers, and outdoor enthusiasts on your list. Check out these top trends to get started on your Christmas 2016 shopping.
In the hurry and flurry of Christmas Day, don't overlook the gifts found in Christmas stockings. Stocking stuffers are usually smaller and less expensive than what you put under the tree, but they're a thoughtful and ideal way to celebrate the personality or interests of those on your list. Peruse our options and you'll be ready to grant the holiday wishes of the special people in your life.
You can count on a lot of great Cyber Monday deals, and some of the best sales will include discounted electronics. To get a jumpstart on your online shopping, you can do your homework beforehand. Whether you're looking to expand your own tech collection or shopping for the gadget geek on your list, these are the hottest electronics deals to look for on Cyber Monday.
Forget the flowers and chocolate, and treat the man in your life to an extra special gift this Valentine's Day. Finding the perfect gift is sometimes difficult, but remember that you can't go wrong with a thoughtful, personal, and romantic present during this holiday devoted to all things love. If you're looking to give your significant other a truly memorable Valentine's Day gift, here are a few suggestions.
Our standard shipping method is ground shipping. We also offer expedited shipping for most items. Your final
shipping cost and estimated delivery timeframe will be available at checkout.
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The items must arrive at our warehouse within 30 days of purchase. You must return items in their original condition to qualify for a full refund. We will issue a partial refund of up to 70 percent if returned items have been opened, used, or returned late. More Details
For your protection, all orders are screened for security purposes. If your order is selected for review, our Loss Prevention Team may contact you by phone or email. There may be a two business day delay to process your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.
INSTEN Light Pink Leather Phone Case Cover for Apple iPhone 4/ 4S
Today $4.99


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|Page (1) of 1 - 10/28/11
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US celebrates Statue of Liberty's 125th birthdayScores of immigrants take oath in NYC on 125th anniversary of Statue of Liberty dedication
Page: 1
Related Keywords:Statue of Liberty-Anniversary, Immigration, Environment and nature, Outdoor recreation, Recreation and leisure, Lifestyle, Leisure travel, Travel, Social issues, Social affairs, National parks
Source:Copyright 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.. All Rights Reserved


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BATON ROUGE Fans of the LSU Soccer program will be able to watch their Tigers in action on national television three times during the 2017 fall season as the Southeastern Conference office announced Wednesday its soccer lineup to feature the SEC Network and ESPNU through the SEC Tournament in November.
BATON ROUGE With the start of the 2017 season just 17 days away, members of the LSU Soccer program reported to campus Tuesday for the start of preseason camp as student-athletes, coaches and support staff will take part in their first training session Wednesday morning at the LSU Soccer Stadium.
BATON ROUGE With teams soon reporting back to campus for preseason practice ahead of the 2017 season, LSU's soccer and volleyball teams were recently honored by the College Sports Information Directors of America for producing two of the nation's top media guides for their respective sports in 2016.
BATON ROUGE Head coach Brian Lee announced Thursday that the LSU Soccer program has finalized a class of eight signings for the 2017 season as three standouts from the Arsenal Ladies youth system in England and two Region III Olympic Development Program Team members headline the incoming Class of 2017.
BATON ROUGE, La. The Cox Communications Academic Center for Student-Athletes honored six student-athletes for their academic achievements and community service for the month of April.
BATON ROUGE, La. Fifty-one LSU student-athletes were named to the 2016 SEC Fall Academic Honor Roll the conference announced on Wednesday.


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Babyblooms Two Cupcakes Blue - One Pair of Pyjamas Spoil a special little person with our delicious pyjama cupcakes, super soft and snuggly pyjamas presented in our cute cupcake cases. Beautifully packaged, each box contains one set of pyjamas with a lovely blue trim for the perfect bedtime treat. Our pyjama cupcakes make a gorgeous and unusual gift for a new mum or a lovely baby shower present. Available in sizes 0 – 6 months or 6 – 12 months - also available in pink and green. Your gift will be delivered in an attractive presentation box with a gift card bearing your message. Next Day Delivery available on orders placed by 3pm (Monday- Friday only) CCP20601 24 In stock! Order now! New
Two Cupcakes Blue - One Pair of Pyjamas review
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MIKE KELLEY is the largest exhibition of the artist's work to-date and the first comprehensive survey since 1993. Widely regarded as one of the most influential artists of our time, Mike Kelley (1954-2012) created a protean body of deeply innovative work, which mined American popular culture, modernism and alternative traditions alike for purposes of a relentless, dark and delirious examination of self and society. This extensive overview brings together over 200 works from the mid-1970s until 2012 at the Geffen Contemporary at MOCA.
Moca Members' Opening: Mike Kelley
Mar 30, 2014 – 1 pm
Please bring your MOCA membership card to admit you and a guest.
FREE admission; no reservations necessary
The Museum of Contemporary Art
250 South Grand Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90012


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Top Phuket Attractions
The Island of Phuket is filled with various sites and attractions. Some are really not worth your time, but others, you absolutely must see for yourself. This is a list of what we consider to be the top Phuket attractions that you must see on your next trip to Phuket.
The Best Phuket Attractions
The Big Buddha of Phuket
Location: Chalong Bay
The Big Buddha of Phuket sits atop one of the highest points on the Island of Phuket and can be seen from most places in south Phuket. The statue itself sits at 45 meters high and 25 meters high. It was constructed using approximately 135 tons of Burmese white marble. Although it is still under construction, it is already one of the must see Phuket tourist attractions.
Phuket Beaches
Location: West Coast
A trip to the Island of Phuket would not be complete without venturing out and experiencing some of the world class beaches. To experience the most beautiful beaches in Phuket, you cannot go wrong with a trip down the western coast of Phuket Island. This is where you will experience the absolute best that Phuket has to offer and you will understand why Phuket is a top tourist destination.
Bangla Road (Soi Bangla)
Location: Patong
The absolute spectacle that is Soi Bangla can not be explained, it must be seen for itself. Bangla Road is the beating heart of the Phuket nightlife and is one of the major reasons for many tourists to grace the shores of Phuket Island. It is the heart of the Phuket sex industry, and whether you love it or hate it, it is one of the must see tourist destinations in Phuket Island.
Simon Cabaret
Location: Patong
The Simon Cabaret in Patong Beach is the largest Transvestite show in Phuket Island. It is a grand musical extravaganza featuring the famous ladyboys of Patong. The show itself is of Las Vegas quality, with fantastic costumes and beautiful kathoey performers lip-synching to the most popular music from around the world.
Phuket Fantasea
Location: Kamala
Said to be the ultimate Thai culture theme park, Phuket Fantasea is a huge 140 acre complex full of activities and entertainment. The highlight of the park is the Las Vegas style theatrical show which is one of the must see Phuket attractions. Live the myths and legends of Thailand through an amazing show that should not be missed.
Wat Chalong
Location: Chalong Bay
Wat Chalong Temple in Chalong Bay is the largest and most important temple in Phuket Island. The Grand Pagoda which is the dominant feature of the temple is said to contain a bone splinter from the Lord Buddha himself. The walls of the pagoda are beautifully adorned with murals depicting the story of the Buddha's life.
Laem Phromthep Viewpoint
Location: Rawai
It is known to many as the number one viewpoint in south Phuket. Whether this is true or not is open for debate, but there is no question that Laem Phromthep offers magnificent views. Everyday there are bus loads of tourists that are brought up to the view point to watch the sunset. On the days that there are few clouds on the horizon, it can indeed be a spectacular show.
Phuket Town Night Market
Location: Phuket Town
If you are a shopper or just want to buy some souvenirs to take back home, you must visit the Night Market in Phuket Town. There are literally hundreds of stalls set up within this tightly packed marketplace selling all sorts of things. You can buy most anything that you can think of and expect to get it at a very good price.
Muay Thai Boxing
Location: Patong
Muay Thai Boxing is the national sport of Thailand and it is the reason for living to many Thai's. Be sure to check out a Muay Thai match when you are in Phuket. The sport is much faster paced then Boxing and has a lot more energy. Combatants use their fists, elbows, knees and feet to bring their opponent down.
Lawrence Michaels
Latest posts by Lawrence Michaels (see all)
- Two Phuket Beaches Named Top Beaches in Asia by TripAdvisor Poll - March 12, 2016
- Loi Krathong, Festival of Light - November 15, 2013
- Pak Phra Beach - October 13, 2013


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Black Chain (Loose Fit) Gothicana by EMPCargo Trousers
£ 67.99
Product Details
|Outer material
|100% cotton
|Cargo trousers
|Gothic, Rock wear, Industrial
|Style name
|Loose Fit
|Leg Form
|Medium Rise
|Closure type
|Covered button tab
|Fabric wash
|Available since
|Product code
- zip off
- loose fit
- detachable chains
"Black Chain" - Trousers with loads of buckles, pockets and removable chains. The length of the legs can be shortened to knee-height with the help of a zipper.
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These are a delicate blend of both style as well as comfort, it has pocket's for days, they fit perfectly snug and can be styled in either trousers, 3/4 shorts or even shorter...such versatility
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Love the design, really helps you express yourself as you can easily tie back on days and let loose on others. Best feature for me is the ability to unzip into 3/4s on hot days. Also gives you variety and will no doubt be amazing at next years download. The material is really good quality too, will last a long time. :)
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Perhaps the best trousers I've ever owned. I was worried that the 34 inch length would be far too big for me (I'm 5ft 3), but the handy tie-up cuffs made the adjustment very easy and they now fit perfectly. Beautifully made and will last for years!!
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I love the jeans 😊 really love them 😊
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The material used is a nice heavyweight cotton that you know is going to last a long time. The attention to detail is great with straps, buckles and eyelets aplenty. The crossed black chains add another dimension that several friends have already commented on. The fact that they can be worn as great looking shorts too is a big plus. Even the tie-up cuffs can be zipped off if you want a more open-bottomed look. Overall, a quality pair of trousers that are well worth the money.
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If you're a baseball fan, you've probably realized this by now, but we wanted to take a few lines of text and point it out: the 40/40 Club (in baseball, not the Jay Z one) has four members: Jose Canseco (wrote a book about doing 'roids), Barry Bonds (could be the biggest villian of this era), Alex Rodriguez (the Bronx should be an even bigger zoo this year), and Alfonso Soriano. No way that dude did anything, right? Look at him! Read this, though. (If you like to laugh, read this.) Anyway, baseball's back. Time for a look at him. Cubs in '09!
Baseball Reference.
MLB.Com page, with "vids."
His index page on Chicago Tribune's website.
How are the Cubs coping with what happened last year?
Nice Soriano mix on YouTube.
Soriano talks nutrition.
Soriano participates in something called "Restaurant Wars."
"Vid" on him called "Life of Fame."
This one is called "Hero's Welcome."
Here, he speaks about the importance of baseball to the Dominican Republic.
In this one, he talks about growing up in the D.R.
What's it like to play ball in Japan? He'll tell ya.
Nice one on the importance of his mother to him.
Grainy fan video of him taking Homer Bailey deep.
Nice mix of highlights and photos of Soriano.
Interestingly, some guys made a blues song called "Alfonso Soriano Sucks."
Apparently, the film "Rush Hour" helped him learn English.
You remember how good he was in the 2001 World Series? Daaaa-yum!
This article seems a good place to end.


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by: Hannah Hohman
Theocracy is a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.
Pros: The nation will probably have a very strict laws and rules, so crime rates might go down. Another pro is that everyone is religious under the nation so everyone will agree and obey the government and church.
Cons: Theocracy governments rarely change which in some cases can be a problem. Another con is that everyone might not agree with the religion.
Quotes about Theocracy:
"Those who would renegotiate the boundaries between church and state must therefore answer a difficult question: why would we trade a system that has served us so well for one that has served others so poorly?"
"All governments are ordained by God, but none compare to government by God, theocracy."
― William R. Bowen, American Government: In Christian Perspective
2 Countries that use Theocracy:
Iran & Saudi Arabia


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Show #63: Live from Atria Merrywood, it's Radio 4 the Ages!
Show #63: Live from Atria Merrywood, it's Radio 4 the Ages!
Recorded live on December 13th, David and Heather were at Atria Merrywood's Festival of Trees. There was food, refreshments, door prizes, live music, and even a silent tree auction in which the proceeds went to Home Instead Senior Care's Santa-to-a-Senior program which provides gifts to older adults in need in the Charlotte area. We spoke with Ty Cain (Marketing Director, Atria Merrywood) and Ann Marie Obrikat (Community Sales Director, Atria Merrywood) about the history of the Atria Merrywood community and the benefits residents can enjoy. We also interviewed Roberta Farnum of Home Instead Senior Care, Cindy Greer of Transition with Care, two lovely residents of Atria Merrywood and several more. Listen in, close your eyes, and relive the merriment of this great event!
- Atria Merrywood www.atriaseniorliving.com
3600 Park Road, Charlotte, NC 704-523-4949


text: Influence of HLA-B57 on clinical presentation and viral control during acute HIV-1 infectionAltfeld, Marcusa; Addo, Marylyn Ma; Rosenberg, Eric Sa; Hecht, Frederick Mb; Lee, Paul Ka; Vogel, Martinc; Yu, Xu Ga; Draenert, Rikaa,d; Johnston, Mary Na; Strick, Darylda; Allen, Todd Ma; Feeney, Margaret Ea; Kahn, James Ob; Sekaly, Rafick Pe; Levy, Jay Af; Rockstroh, Jürgen Kc; Goulder, Philip JRa,g; Walker, Bruce Da,dAIDS: 5 December 2003 - Volume 17 - Issue 18 - pp 2581-2591 Basic Science Abstract Author Information Article Outline Background: HLA-B57, as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses restricted by this allele, have been strongly associated with long-term non-progressive chronic HIV-1 infection. However, their impact on viral replication during acute HIV-1 infection is not known. Methods: Clinical and immunological parameters during acute and early HIV-1 infection in individuals expressing HLA-B57 were assessed. HIV-1-specific T-cell responses were determined by peptide-specific interferon-γ production measured using Elispot assay and flow-based intracellular cytokine quantification. Results: Individuals expressing HLA-B57 presented significantly less frequently with symptomatic acute HIV-1 infection (4/116, 3.4%) than expected from the frequency of chronically infected individuals expressing this allele (43/446, 9.6%; P < 0.05). During acute infection, virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses were dominated by HLA-B57-restricted responses, with significantly broader (P < 0.02) and stronger (P < 0.03) responses restricted by HLA-B57 than restricted by all other co-expressed HLA class I alleles combined. Six out of nine individuals expressing HLA-B57 controlled HIV-1 viremia in the absence of therapy at levels < 5000 copies/ml (median, 515 copies/ml) during up to 29 months following acute infection. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that host genetic factors can influence the clinical manifestations of acute HIV-1 infection and provide a functional link between HLA-B57 and viral immune control. From the aPartners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, the bPositive Health Program, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA, the cDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany, dHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, the eLaboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the fDepartment of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA and the gDepartment of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK. Correspondence to B. D. Walker, MGH-East, CNY 5212, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. Received: 9 February 2003; revised: 25 April 2003; accepted: 7 May 2003. Abstract Introduction Material and methods Subjects Elispot assay Flow cytometric detection of antigen-induced intracellular ... Statistical analysis Results Individuals expressing HLA-B57 present less frequently with... HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses during acute and early ... Immunodominance of HLA-B57-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8 T-... Discussion Acknowledgments References Back to Top | Article Outline Introduction Twenty years after the first reported clinical evidence of AIDS, more than 60 million people have been infected with HIV-1. The clinical course and outcome of HIV-1 infection are characterized by extreme heterogeneity among untreated infected individuals, with the majority of individuals progressing to AIDS during an average time of 10 years. In contrast, a small subset of infected individuals maintains low to undetectable HIV-1 viral loads, stable and normal CD4 T-cell counts and has no manifestations of HIV-1 disease despite documented infection with HIV-1, in some cases for more than 20 years [1–9]. These differences in the clinical course of HIV-1 infection may represent a result of genetic variants among the infecting HIV-1 strains, host genetic differences and/or differences in the virus-specific immune response [6, 10–18]. Several cohort studies examining HLA associations with disease progression in infected individuals have suggested that heterozygosity of the HLA class I loci is associated with the delayed onset of AIDS [15,19,20], and a number of HLA-B alleles, in particular HLA-B57, have been associated with low set-point viremia and long-term non-progressive chronic HIV-1 infection in multiple independent studies [12,16–26]. One possible explanation for this association is that the genetic HLA class I background influences the quality and efficiency of the immune responses generated against HIV-1. Since early events in acute HIV-1 infection have been hypothesized to influence subsequent disease progression, we examined persons with acute HIV-1 infection to determine the relative immunodominance of HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell responses during the acute immune response and the subsequent contribution of HLA-B57 to chronic immune control. Back to Top | Article Outline Material and methods Subjects Study subjects expressing the HLA class I allele B57 were recruited from two large 'Acute Infection Cohorts' at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston [27,28] and the San Francisco General Hospital [28]. In addition, two individuals with early (< 180 days) HIV-1 infection expressing HLA-B57 were recruited from the Department of Medicine of the University Hospital in Bonn, Germany (study subject MS), and the Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Canada (study subject PI004 [29]). HLA class I molecular typing was performed using single-strand polymorphism (SSP)–PCR [30]. These studies were approved by the local Institutional Review Boards and all individuals gave informed consent for participation in the study. Back to Top | Article Outline Elispot assay Frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were plated on 96-well polyvinylidene difluoride-backed plates (MAIP S45; Millipore, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA) that had been previously coated with 100 μl of an anti-interferon (IFN)-γ monoclonal antibody (mAB) 1-D1k (0.5 μg/ml; Mabtech, Stockholm, Sweden) overnight at 4°C. Peptides corresponding to described optimal CTL epitopes [31] or overlapping peptides spanning the expressed HIV-1 clade B consensus sequence [32] were added directly to the wells at a final concentration of 1 × 10−5 M. Cells were added to the wells at 50 000–100 000 cells per well. The plates were incubated at 37°C, 5% CO2 overnight (14–16 h) and then processed as described previously [33,34]. IFN-γ producing cells were counted by direct visualization and are expressed as spot forming cells (SFC) per 1 × 106 cells. The number of specific IFN-γ secreting T cells was calculated by subtracting the negative control value. Responses ≥ 50 SFC/1 × 106 input cells after subtraction of background activity and higher than three times mean background activity were considered positive. The positive control consisted of incubation of 100 000 PBMC with phytohaemagglutinin. Back to Top | Article Outline Flow cytometric detection of antigen-induced intracellular IFN-γ Intracellular cytokine staining assays were performed as described elsewhere with minor modifications [35,36]. Briefly, 0.5 × 106−1.0 × 106 fresh PBMC were incubated with 2 μM peptide and 1 μg/ml each of the mAb anti-CD28 and anti-CD49d (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, California, USA) at 37°C, 5% CO2, for 1 h, before the addition of 10 μg/ml Brefeldin A (Sigma, St Louis, Missouri, USA). Following a further 5-h incubation, the cells were placed at 4°C overnight. After surface-marker labeling with anti-CD8 and anti-CD4 (Becton Dickinson), cells were fixed and permeabilized using Caltag Fixation/Permeabilization Kit (Caltag, Burlinghame, California, USA) and anti-IFN-γ-mAb (Becton Dickinson) was added. Cells were analyzed on a FACSort Flowcytometer (Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry systems, San Jose, California, USA). Control conditions were established by the use of autologous PBMC, which had not been stimulated with peptide, but otherwise had been treated identically. To determine the contribution of responses restricted by individual HLA class I alleles to the total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell response, autologous and partially HLA-matched Epstein–Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (BCL) were pulsed with pools of overlapping peptide (pool A, 66 HIV-1 Gag peptides; pool B, 113 HIV-1 Env peptides; pool C, 133 HIV-1 Pol peptides; pool D, 98 HIV-1 Nef, Rev, Tat, Vpr, Vif and Vpu peptides), at a final concentration of 5 μg/ml per peptide for 1 h and then washed five times prior to incubation with effector PBMC (105 BCL and 5 × 105 PBMC) [37,38]. The mAbs anti-CD28 and anti-CD49d were subsequently added and the assay run exactly as described above. Back to Top | Article Outline Statistical analysis Statistical analysis and graphical presentation was done using SigmaPlot 5.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results are given as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median with range. Statistical analysis of significance (P values) were based on two-tailed t tests and chi-squared test. Back to Top | Article Outline Results Individuals expressing HLA-B57 present less frequently with symptomatic acute HIV-1 infection syndrome than individuals not expressing this allele The median viral load set point following untreated acute HIV-1 infection is approximately 30 000 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml plasma at 1 year [39]. However, rare persons with sustained low viremia following acute infection have been described, including an HIV-1-infected individual (PI004) with early HIV-1 infection who presented with a viral load of 63 copies/ml 7 weeks after the first positive HIV-1 antibody test we reported earlier [29]. This individual expressed the HLA-B57 allele, an allele that has been associated with long-term non-progressive chronic HIV-1 infection. The observation of spontaneous control of HIV-1 viremia following acute HIV-1 infection in this individual expressing HLA-B57, together with prior data describing restriction of viral replication in HLA-B57 positive individuals with chronic infection [16–18], led us to hypothesize that HLA-B57 is associated with rapid control of viremia during acute HIV-1 infection. In order to test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between HLA-B57 and clinical presentation in acute HIV-1 infection in two large 'Acute HIV-1 Infection Cohorts' established in Boston and San Francisco. Individuals with symptomatic acute HIV-1 infection (defined as an acute viral syndrome in the presence of detectable HIV-1 viremia and either a negative ELISA or a positive ELISA and less than three bands in an HIV-1 Western blot) were identified from the two cohorts. A total of 59 individuals from San Francisco and 57 individuals from Boston had presented with acute symptomatic HIV-1 infection and were typed for HLA class I alleles at the time of the study. Only four of these 116 individuals (3.4%) expressed the HLA class I allele B57. The low prevalence of HLA-B57 in individuals with symptomatic acute HIV-1 infection was significantly different from the percentage of individuals expressing this allele in the general HIV-1 infected population (9.6%; P < 0.05), as determined by HLA class I typing of 446 infected individuals from the Boston area. These differences in the frequency of HLA-B57 were not due to differences in the ethnicities of the studied cohorts, as the prevalence of non-Caucasians ranged from 20% to 22% in these cohorts (P = 0.9). The phenotypic HLA-B57 frequency of 9.6% (43/446) determined in the HIV-1-infected population in this study is in line with previous reports on the frequency of HIV-1-infected individuals expressing HLA-B57, ranging from 7% to 10.8% [12,18,40], as well as in the general USA population (11%) [18,41]. In contrast to HLA-B57, other HLA class I alleles frequently expressed in the studied population, including HLA-A2, -A3, -B7, -B8 and -B35, were expressed at similar frequencies in individuals with symptomatic acute HIV-1 infection and in the general HIV-1 infected population in Boston (P > 0.3). Taken together, the low frequency of detection of HLA-B57-expressing persons at the time of acute HIV-1 infection, coupled with the statistically higher percentage of HLA-B57 positive persons with chronic HIV-1 infection, suggests that symptomatic acute infection, and therefore opportunity to diagnose infection, is less frequent in persons who are HLA-B57 positive. Back to Top | Article Outline HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses during acute and early HIV-1 infection are dominated by broadly directed HLA-B57-restricted responses in individuals expressing this allele To assess the influence of HLA-B57 on cellular immune responses during acute HIV-1 infection, we identified six additional HLA-B57 positive individuals diagnosed within 6 months of infection, all of whom had experienced asymptomatic acute HIV-1 infection, including the pilot subject PI004. The clinical characteristics of all nine HLA-B57 positive individuals for whom frozen PBMC samples were available to assess HIV-1-specific T-cell responses are shown in Table 1. Of note, the majority (6/9) of individuals expressing HLA-B57 were able to control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy at levels < 5000 copies HIV-1 RNA/ml plasma (median, 515 copies/ml) during up to 29 months following acute infection. Table 1 HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses have been associated with the initial control of viral replication during acute AIDS virus infection in macaques and humans [42–46]. In order to assess the contribution of HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell responses to the total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses, CD8 T-cell responses were characterized in all nine HLA-B57 positive individuals, using the first PBMC sample available (3 weeks to 6 months following seroconversion; median, 4 months; Table 1) and all known optimal CTL epitopes described for their HLA class I type [31]. The average number of peptides tested was 27 (range, 22–39). In all individuals, PBMC responded to non-specific stimulation using phytohaemagglutinin with IFN-γ production of T cells, demonstrating functional activity of the cryopreserved cells. Overall, total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses ranged from 0 SFC/1 × 106 PBMC to 5350 SFC/1 × 106 PBMC (median, 1630 SFC/1 × 106 PBMC; Fig. 1). We detected a median of six different CTL epitopes (range 0–10) targeted in these nine subjects. HLA-B57-restricted responses dominated the total HIV-1-specific responses, contributing a median of 74% to the total responses (P < 0.03; Fig. 1) and restricting a median of four different epitopes, compared to a median of one epitope restricted by all additional five major HLA class I alleles (P < 0.02; Fig. 1). We compared this relative immunodominance of HLA-B57 restricted CD8 T-cell responses during acute HIV-1 infection in individuals expressing this allele to the relative immunodominance of responses restricted by other expressed HLA class I alleles for which a comparable number of optimal CTL epitopes have been described [28,31]. These alleles included HLA-A2, -A3, -B7, and -B8, the HLA class I alleles most commonly expressed in the Caucasian population studied. For none of these alleles epitope-specific T-cell responses restricted by a single allele dominated total HIV-1-specific T-cell responses (Fig. 2). In contrast, total CD8 T-cell responses restricted by HLA-A2 were rarely detectable during acute infection, as described previously [28,29]. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Of the 11 described HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell epitopes tested in this study [31], 10 were recognized by at least one individual following HIV-1 infection (Table 2). The most frequently targeted epitopes were the p24 Gag epitopes KAFSPEVIPMF (KF11) and TSTLQEQIGW (TW10) and the reverse transcriptase (RT) epitope IVLPEKDSW (IW9) (Table 2). The epitopes IW9 in RT and TW10 in p24 Gag also represented the immunodominant HLA-B57-restricted CTL epitopes in seven out of nine individuals (Table 2). One individual (AC-34), who was treated during symptomatic acute infection prior to HIV-1 seroconversion and maintained undetectable viral load throughout the treatment period, had no detectable HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses against described optimal CTL epitopes on multiple occasions studied during the 22-month follow-up period. In this person, comprehensive assessment of HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses using a set of 410 overlapping peptides spanning the entire expressed HIV-1 clade B consensus sequence confirmed the presence of only very weak virus-specific responses, with responses to a total of three out of 410 overlapping peptides located within p24 Gag, RT and Nef (100, 80 and 160 SFC/1 × 106 PBMC, respectively). None of these three peptides contained epitopes described for the individual's HLA class I type. Taken together these data demonstrate that HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell responses significantly dominate total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the majority of studied individuals and can target a large variety of different CD8 T-cell epitopes including the immunodominant virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses during this early phase of infection. Table 2 Back to Top | Article Outline Immunodominance of HLA-B57-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses persists following primary HIV-1 infection The above data demonstrate that HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell responses are dominant in primary HIV-1 infection and that individuals expressing HLA-B57 are less likely to have symptoms during acute infection. We subsequently assessed whether these responses remain the immunodominant responses later in infection. For six individuals, multiple follow-up samples over a median of 18.5 months (range, 8–29 months) after HIV-1 diagnosis were available and studied for HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses using the methods described above (Fig. 3). Two of these individuals (AC-43 and AC-75) had started antiretroviral treatment following primary infection, the other four individuals remained off therapy during the study period with viral loads ranging from 123 to 4383 (median, 515) copies HIV-1 RNA/ml plasma (Table 1). In all individuals, HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell responses remained the dominant HIV-1-specific responses (Fig. 3). However, responses to additional epitopes restricted by HLA-B57 and other HLA class I alleles developed over time with continuous or intermittent exposure to viral antigen and total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses increased from a median of 1325 SFC/1 × 106 PBMC to a median of 2030 SFC/1 × 106 PBMC (P = 0.1), while the contribution of HLA-B57-restricted responses to the total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses remained stable (71% versus 72% during earliest timepoint, data not shown). Overall, the significant immunodominance of HLA-B57-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses persisted over time. Fig. 3 The use of described optimal CD8 T-cell epitopes in the assessment of HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses may underestimate the total magnitude and breadth of responses, as potential responses to as yet undefined epitopes will be missed [28,32,47]. We therefore confirmed the immunodominance of HLA-B57-restricted HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses in subject AC-38 for whom sufficient cells were available to undertake this type of evaluation 10 months after infection, using a comprehensive assessment of the contribution of each HLA class I allele to the total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell response by flow-based quantification of antigen-specific IFN-γ production. The evaluation of this technique showed that it allows for the reproducible quantification of the contribution of CD8 T-cell responses restricted by each expressed HLA class I allele to the total virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses ([37,38] and data not shown). In AC-38, a total of 5.7% of CD8 T cells responded to stimulation with autologous BCL pulsed with the four HIV-1 overlapping peptide pools (Fig. 4). This magnitude of responses to the autologous antigen-presenting cells was similar to the cumulative magnitude of responses to the overlapping peptide pools presented on partially HLA-matched antigen-presenting cells (6.1%; P = 0.92). The described optimal HLA-B57-restricted peptide KAFSPEVIPMF (KF11) Gag was used as a control peptide and was only presented by HLA-B57-expressing cell lines (Fig. 4). CD8 T-cell responses to BCL matched by HLA-B57 contributed more than 60% to the total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell responses, followed by HLA-A3/B7/Cw7-restricted responses (25%) and HLA-A1-matched responses (15%). This contribution of the different HLA class I alleles to the total HIV-1-specific CD8 T-cell response measured by the comprehensive intracellular cytokine staining approach corresponded well to the contribution determined at the same time point by the use of described optimal CD8 T-cell epitopes for each HLA type (HLA-B57: 60%, -A1: 5%, -A3: 34% and -B7: 3%; data not shown), and confirmed the immunodominance of HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell responses. Fig. 4 Back to Top | Article Outline Discussion Several studies have demonstrated the crucial role of cellular immune responses generated during acute HIV-1 or SIV infection in the initial control of viremia and the establishment of viral set point [6,27,42–46,48]. Here we extended these studies and determined the impact of the genetic HLA class I background on the magnitude, breadth and maintenance of virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses in acute HIV-1 infection and during the transition to chronic infection. The data presented in this study demonstrate that the expression of the HLA class I allele B57 is significantly associated with the absence of a symptomatic HIV-1 seroconversion illness, and that CD8 T-cell responses restricted by this allele dominate not only the initial HIV-1-specific immune response in individuals expressing this allele, but also dominate in terms of magnitude and breadth of responses during the chronic phase of infection. Acute HIV-1 infection is a very heterogeneous syndrome and individuals presenting with more severe symptoms during acute infection and a longer duration of the acute infection syndrome tend to progress more rapidly to AIDS [49–54]. The factors influencing this association between severity of acute HIV-1 infection syndrome and disease outcome are not understood. Our data demonstrate that individuals expressing HLA-B57, an HLA class I allele associated with long-term non-progressive HIV-1 infection, present significantly less frequently with acute symptomatic HIV-1 infection (P < 0.05), suggesting a crucial impact of this allele on the course of acute infection. These studies also provide the first evidence of a link between HLA-B57 and enhanced early immune control of HIV-1 viremia, thereby extending studies in chronic infection describing an association between HLA-B57 and long-term non-progressive infection [12,16–26]. Six of the nine individuals studied never required the initiation of antiretroviral treatment and controlled HIV-1 viremia at levels < 5000 copies/ml, and at several occasions below the limit of detection (< 50 copies/ml). The three remaining study subjects presented with symptomatic acute infection and required initiation of antiretroviral therapy, indicating that additional factors other than the expression of HLA-B57 may influence clinical presentation and viral control during acute infection. However, the control of viremia in the majority of infected individuals is remarkable, and differs importantly from the viral set point normally observed in infected individuals during the first years of infection [39]. These data suggest that the low viral set-point that ultimately predicts a slow progression to AIDS is already established early in infection in individuals expressing HLA class I alleles associated with long-term non-progressive infection. This study also provides a functional association between HLA-B57 expression and dominant CD8 T-cell responses restricted by this allele early in infection. Overall, a median of 74% of the total magnitude of early HIV-1-specific responses were restricted by HLA-B57, and CTL epitopes restricted by this allele contributed a median of 80% to the total breadth of responses. This dominance of HLA-B57-restricted CD8 T-cell responses during primary HIV-1 infection was highly significant and persisted during up to 29 months of follow-up. Our data using a comprehensive flow-based assessment of total virus-specific CD8 T-cell response directed against all expressed HIV-1 proteins confirmed the dominance of HLA-B57- restricted responses. However, as total virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses depend on both the HLA class I type of the individual and genetic variations of the particular HIV-1 strain infecting that individual, the use of peptides based on HIV-1 consensus sequences in this study may still have underestimated total virus-specific responses. The ability of HLA-B57 to present a large variety of CD8 T-cell epitopes within different HIV-1 proteins, including a broad functional cross-reactivity to both common and rare variants of these epitopes, has been described in several studies [22–24,55]. In addition, recent data in HIV-1 negative volunteers vaccinated with an ALVAC-HIV recombinant canarypox vaccine demonstrate that individuals expressing HLA-B57 and HLA-B27, another allele associated with slower progression of natural HIV-1 infection, developed significantly more frequently CD8 T-cell responses to the vaccine than individuals not expressing these alleles [40]. Taken together, these data suggest that the polymorphism of HLA class I alleles not only influences the history of natural HIV-1 infection, but also modulates the responses to HIV-1 vaccines. The dissection of the molecular interactions responsible for the advantages of these HLA class I alleles in presenting HIV-1 antigens will be crucial for our understanding of HLA determinants of virus-induced CD8 T-cell responses. In conclusion, we observed an association between HLA-B57, an allele associated with slow progression in HIV-1 infection, and favorable clinical, virological and immunological events during the critical early stage of HIV-1 infection. HLA-B57-positive individuals presented significantly less frequently with symptoms during acute HIV-1 infection, and the majority of individuals expressing this allele controlled HIV-1 replication in the absence of therapy. This control of HIV-1 viremia was associated with immunodominant virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses restricted by HLA-B57. Taken together, these data suggest that during acute HIV-1 infection the interaction between the genetic HLA class I background and the viral epitopes presented may determine the efficiency of virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses, influencing viral setpoints, clinical disease and long-term disease outcome. Back to Top | Article Outline Acknowledgments Sponsorship: Supported by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (MA, ESR and BDW), the National Institutes of Health, the Foundation for AIDS & Immune Research (MA), the American Foundation for AIDS Research (MMA), the Concerned Parents for AIDS Research (MMA), the Partners/Fenway/Shattuck Center for AIDS Research (MA and XGY) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (BDW). MA is a recipient of a Doris Duke Clinical Scientist Development Award, BDW is a recipient of a Doris Duke Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award and PJRG is an Elisabeth Glaser Scientist of the Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Back to Top | Article Outline References1. 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Consistent associations of HLA class I and II and transporter gene products with progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men. J Infect Dis 1999, 180:299–309. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 27. Rosenberg ES, Altfeld M, Poon SH, Phillips MN, Wilkes BM, Eldridge RL, et al. Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection. Nature 2000, 407:523–526. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 28. Altfeld M, Rosenberg ES, Shankarappa R, Mukherjee JS, Hecht FM, Eldridge RL, et al. Cellular immune responses and viral diversity in individuals treated during acute and early HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med 2001, 193:169–180. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 29. Goulder PJ, Altfeld MA, Rosenberg ES, Nguyen T, Tang Y, Eldridge RL, et al. Substantial differences in specificity of HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells in acute and chronic HIV infection. J Exp Med 2001, 193:181–194. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 30. Bunce M, Fanning GC, Welsh KI. Comprehensive, serologically equivalent DNA typing for HLA-B by PCR using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Tissue Antigens 1995, 45:81–90. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 31. Brander C, Goulder P. The evolving field of HIV CRL epitope mapping: New approaches for the identification of novel epitopes. In HIV Molecular Database. Edited by Korber BTM, Brander C, Walker BD, Koup RA, Moore J, Haynes B, et al. Los Alamos: Los Alamos National Laboratory; 2000. Cited Here... 32. Yu XG, Addo MM, Rosenberg ES, Rodriguez WR, Lee PK, Fitzpatrick CA, et al. Consistent patterns in the development and immunodominance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses following acute HIV-1 infection. J Virol 2002, 76:8690–8701. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 33. Altfeld MA, Trocha A, Eldridge RL, Rosenberg ES, Phillips MN, Addo MM, et al. Identification of dominant optimal HLA-B60- and HLA-B61-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes: rapid characterization of CTL responses by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. J Virol 2000, 74:8541–8549. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 34. Goulder PJ, Brander C, Annamalai K, Mngqundaniso N, Govender U, Tang Y, et al. Differential narrow focusing of immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in infected african and caucasoid adults and children. J Virol 2000, 74:5679–5690. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 35. Pitcher CJ, Quittner C, Peterson DM, Connors M, Koup RA, Maino VC, et al. HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection, but decline with prolonged viral suppression. Nature Med 1999, 5:518–525. Cited Here... 36. Goulder PJ, Tang Y, Brander C, Betts MR, Altfeld M, Annamalai K, et al. Functionally inert HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not play a major role in chronically infected adults and children. J Exp Med 2000, 192:1819–1832. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 37. Goulder PJ, Addo MM, Altfeld MA, Rosenberg ES, Tang Y, Govender U, et al. Rapid definition of five novel HLA-A*3002-restricted human immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitopes by ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining assays. J Virol 2001, 75:1339–1347. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 38. Altfeld M, Addo MM, Eldridge RL, Yu XG, Thomas S, Khatri A, et al. VPR is preferentially targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes during HIV-1 infection. J Immunol 2001, 167:2743. Cited Here... | PubMed 39. Lyles RH, Munoz A, Yamashita TE, Bazmi H, Detels R, Rinaldo CR, et al. Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia after seroconversion and proximal to AIDS in a large cohort of homosexual men. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J Infect Dis 2000, 181:872–880. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 40. Kaslow RA, Rivers C, Tang J, Bender TJ, Goepfert PA, El Habib R, et al. Polymorphisms in HLA class I genes associated with both favorable prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection and positive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to ALVAC-HIV recombinant canarypox vaccines. J Virol 2001, 75:8681–8689. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 41. Cao K, Hollenbach J, Shi X, Shi W, Chopek M, Fernandez-Vina MA. Analysis of the frequencies of HLA-A, B, and C alleles and haplotypes in the five major ethnic groups of the United States reveals high levels of diversity in these loci and contrasting distribution patterns in these populations. Hum Immunol 2001, 62:1009–1030. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 42. Borrow P, Lewicki H, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Oldstone MB. Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 1994, 68:6103–6110. Cited Here... | PubMed 43. Koup RA, Safrit JT, Cao Y, Andrews CA, McLeod G, Borkowsky W, et al. Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J Virol 1994, 68:4650–4655. Cited Here... | PubMed 44. Pantaleo G, Demarest JF, Soudeyns H, Graziosi C, Denis F, Adelsberger JW, et al. Major expansion of CD8+ T cells with a predominant V beta usage during the primary immune response to HIV. Nature 1994, 370:463–467. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 45. Allen TM, O'Connor DH, Jing P, Dzuris JL, Mothe BR, Vogel TU, et al. Tat-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes select for SIV escape variants during resolution of primary viraemia. Nature 2000, 407:386–390. Cited Here... 46. O'Connor DH, Allen TM, Vogel TU, Jing P, DeSouza IP, Dodds E, et al. Acute phase cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape is a hallmark of simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Nature Med 2002, 8:493–499. Cited Here... 47. Betts MR, Casazza JP, Patterson BA, Waldrop S, Trigona W, Fu TM, et al. Putative immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8(+) T- cell responses cannot be predicted by major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype. J Virol 2000, 74:9144–9151. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 48. Price DA, Goulder PJ, Klenerman P, Sewell AK, Easterbrook PJ, Troop M, et al. Positive selection of HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape variants during primary infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997, 94:1890–1895. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 49. Vanhems P, Lambert J, Cooper DA, Perrin L, Carr A, Hirschel B, et al. Severity and prognosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 illness: a dose-response relationship. Clin Infect Dis 1998, 26:323–329. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 50. Vanhems P, Hirschel B, Phillips AN, Cooper DA, Vizzard J, Brassard J, et al. Incubation time of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and duration of acute HIV infection are independent prognostic factors of progression to AIDS. J Infect Dis 2000, 182:334–337. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 51. Sinicco A, Fora R, Sciandra M, Lucchini A, Caramello P, Gioannini P. Risk of developing AIDS after primary acute HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993, 6:575–581. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed 52. Pedersen C, Lindhardt BO, Jensen BL, Lauritzen E, Gerstoft J, Dickmeiss E, et al. Clinical course of primary HIV infection: consequences for subsequent course of infection. BMJ 1989, 299:154–157. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef 53. Keet IP, Krijnen P, Koot M, Lange JM, Miedema F, Goudsmit J, et al. Predictors of rapid progression to AIDS in HIV-1 seroconverters. AIDS 1993, 7:51–57. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 54. Lindback S, Brostrom C, Karlsson A, Gaines H. Does symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection accelerate progression to CDC stage IV disease, CD4 count below 200 x 10(6)/l, AIDS, and death from AIDS? BMJ 1994, 309:1535–1537. Cited Here... | View Full Text | PubMed | CrossRef 55. Goulder PJ, Tang Y, Pelton SI, Walker BD. HLA-B57-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in a single infected subject toward two optimal epitopes, one of which is entirely contained within the other. J Virol 2000, 74:5291–5299. Cited Here... | PubMed | CrossRef Keywords: cytotoxic T lymphocytes; HLA-B57; CTL epitopes; immunodominance; acute HIV-1 infection © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


text:
Numerical design and testing of a sound source for secondary calibration of microphones using the Boundary Element Method
- Authors:
- Abstract:
- Secondary calibration of microphones in free field is performed by placing the microphone under calibration in an anechoic chamber with a sound source, and exposing it to a controlled sound field. A calibrated microphone is also measured as a reference. While the two measurements are usually made consecutively, a variation of this procedure, where the microphones are measured simultaneously, is considered more advantageous from the metrological point of view. However, it must be guaranteed that the two microphones receive the same excitation from the source, although their positions are some distance apart to avoid acoustic interaction. As a part of the project Euromet-792, aiming to investigate and improve methods for secondary free-field calibration of microphones, a sound source suitable for simultaneous secondary free-field calibration has been designed using the Boundary Element Method. The source has a central plug with the eect of reducing the spatial variations of the sound pressure at the microphone positions within the frequency range of the calibration. After some preliminary measurements, the source has been tested thoroughly in a calibration setup at the acoustic laboratory of the Danish Fundamental Metrology Institute (DFM). The design and verification of the source are presented in this communication.
- 9783980865968
- Type:
- Conference paper
- Language:
- English
- Published in:
- Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics Nag/daga 2009, 2009, p. 669-672
- Main Research Area:
- Science/technology
- Publication Status:
- Published
- Review type:
- Peer Review
- Conference:
- Publisher:
- German Acoustical Society (DEGA)
- Submission year:
- 2009
- Scientific Level:
- Scientific
- 2185983072


text:
Passionate about learning and teaching everything I can about health, fitness, business, and finances. I'm
dedicated to helping people get to whatever their next level is within those four things.
100% believer in Kangen Water because it's dramatically increased the quality of life that my family and I live as well as those around us.
Follow me on:
Twitter: @h2origins
Wordpress: h2origins.wordpress.com


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
File upload FailingAsked by visionarymonkey on August 04, 2014 at 06:32 PM
Although I have my settings set to accept files up to 1 gig, any files uploaded over 500mb fail. (Screenshot attached)
This seems to be a new issue because we have had files above 500mb successfully submitted in the past.
Can you please offer insight on why this is happening and how it can be fixed.
JotForm Support Manager
I have put the form the right amount which is 1GB=1024000 (1M=1024kb) and try again, please update us if this did not solve the problem.
JotForm Support Manager
Actually, I tested your form deeper, and it even fails while trying to upload a 200MB . I am forwarding this ticket to 2nd level so they can fix this.
Thanks Jeanette for getting back to me.
We are still having the same issue. Do you have any further information
JotForm Support
Unfortunately we have not received any update from our back end team yet. Upon checking the ticket status, I found that it is marked as urgent and already assigned to one of our developer.
Our back end team is already looking into this issue and we will get back to you as soon as we have any update from them.
Thank you!
Chief Technology Officer
We do not suggest to use multiple upload field for files more than 100 MB.
If you disable it, you will be able to get files up to 1024 MB (1 GB),
Kindest Regards,
- Ertugrul.


text:
January 13, 2014 BY Aaron Hope
The 'Freddy Krueger' is one of the rarest Nike SB Dunk Lows on record, a scrapped sample design by Todd Bratrud that got axed due to copyright issues. In fact, it's gotten to the point that customs inspired by the Freddy Dunks might outnumber the legit pairs of SBs, and this new work from MajorHeat Productions is right up there with the best of them. This Nike Air Max 1 'Freddy' includes the blood-splattered suede upper, applies Krueger's sweater striping to the mesh, and goes the extra step for an SB tribute with those unmistakable oval laces. Click in to see how they compare to the other 'Nightmare' Nikes we've seen over the years and let us know if this is one of the pairs you dream about owning.
Source: Brandon Mayes
Filed under: Air Max 1 Customs Nike Air Max Nike Retro


text:
in your area
- Simple, elegant instrument panel
- High-speed stability
- Comfortable, composed ride
- Tech features for every concern
- Multicontour seats provide optimum comfort and support
- For its size, the interior feels small
- Challenging backseat entry/exit
- Screen-based interface needs simplifying
The 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class doesn't skimp on traditional luxury, and it's the flagship model for technology features in the Mercedes-Benz line.
If you want a coupe with high performance, luxury, elegance, and some of the world's top technology, the 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class is all that. The German auto manufacturer introduces 4Matic all-wheel drive for its 2009 CL550 model.
Because of the negligible gas mileage trade-offs and the year-round traction and stability benefits (on both wet and dry roads) all-wheel drive provides, the systems are becoming increasingly popular. The 2009 CL550 4Matic is identifiable by its 18-inch wheels from the outside, while the inside comes standard with new equipment, including heated and ventilated front seats and the Keyless-Go system.
The CL550 is pushed by a 5.5-liter V-8, making 388 horsepower, that's teamed to a seven-speed automatic. There's a manual shift mode that can be operated without moving your hands off the wheel. The CL-Class's V-8 has plenty of torque to move quickly and handle with surprising agility—thanks to the sophisticated Active Body Control (ABC) system, which controls ride height and suspension firmness and can adjust almost instantaneously for quick maneuvers. The steering, however, is light and doesn't communicate much from the road. Also thanks to ABC, ride comfort is among the smoothest and most settled of any vehicle.
In addition to the new CL550 are three other coupes. The 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL600 is powered by a V-12 engine with 510 hp and 612 pound-feet of torque. Two AMG editions also are sold: a CL63 with a 518-hp V-8 and a CL65 with 604 hp and 738 pound-feet of torque. The CL600 and CL63 AMG have similar power ratings, though they have very different personalities behind the wheel. The 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL600 has immense torque, with a quiet, refined experience somewhat like the Bentley Continental, while the CL63 AMG is edgier and more raucous-sounding in everything from its ride to its sharper handling response. The especially exclusive CL65 AMG competes with exotic sports cars without sacrificing the comforts and tech features offered in the other CL-Class models.
The CL series avoids the potential clutter of buttons and switches by integrating the controls of many of the nonessential accessories into Mercedes-Benz's "Intuitive Operating Concept" screen-driven interface. Contrary to the name, some of the features can be hard to find in this system, although it's easier to navigate than BMW's iDrive. Inside, with or without the optional multicontour feature, the front seats are comfortable for even the longest drives, and the backseats are very roomy for a coupe, though entry and exit are difficult. The interior design of the 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class takes a minimalist approach—with an emphasis instead on rich materials like a mix of attractive wood trim and shiny bits on the dash, as well as suedelike Alcantara elsewhere and supple seat leather.
The 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class has not been crash-tested, but there's a trio of techno systems designed to reduce the risk of a collision using forward-looking microwave radar. Brake Assist Plus will increase the level of pressure you apply to the brake pedal if it determines you're closing on the car ahead too quickly. Pre-Safe will take other steps, such as tightening seatbelts and preparing the airbags, if it senses a collision is unavoidable. Like other active cruise control systems, Distronic Plus will maintain the speed of traffic ahead—and hold a safe distance from the car immediately in front. But it can also bring the CL to a complete stop in traffic, then start up again when the car ahead begins to move. Blind Spot Assist, which monitors both blind spots and warns the driver whenever a turn signal is activated, is now part of the optional Distronic Plus system. For parking, there are ultrasonic sensors as well as a backup camera with a highlighted display that shows what's in your path as you turn; the system also includes a blind-spot assist feature.
Standard equipment on the base 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL550 includes a hands-free calling system, the Parktronic parking aid, a power rear sunshade, and a 600-watt audio system with memory card slot. Top features on the CL line include multicontour front seats with massage. All 2009 CL models receive the Hold convenience braking feature, as well as new gear shift paddles on the steering wheel and push-pull power window switches as standard equipment.
Also available on the 2009 Mercedes-Benz CL-Class is a night vision system that bathes the area ahead in infrared light to help spot obstacles in the coming road under some of the darkest conditions.
The Car Connection Consumer Review
Used Mercedes-Benz CL Class124 cars
Used Mercedes-Benz SL Class768 cars


text:
I have been an active blogger since 2009. I have been a WordPress user and an online influencer and brand ambassador for over five years. As a blogger and online influencer I have worked with global brands such as Lancôme, Airbnb, Asos, Olympus and Coca-Cola, and been featured on Times Square by Forever21.
I have been recognised by Google as an online influencer and been invited by Google to talk about personal brand creation. In 2014, I was named by The Drum one of the UK's 30 under 30 in digital. Finally, I am also a regular speaker and host on BBC London radio.
As the digital lead for Europe at one of the leading global PR firms I have helped international clients develop social media strategies, online advertising campaigns, blogger and influencer outreach programmes and a strong presence online.


text:
Pros Excellent media playback Strong gaming performance OTA Updates Cons No Automatic Framerate Switching in QODI/Kodi Netflix limited to 480p In this PROBOX2 Air Plus →
The HTC One A9s was first announced in September 2016 which is an upgrade to last year's One A9. It features a 5-inch HD display, →
A new competent Android TV Box from Alfawise, the H96 Pro+ Android TV boxes have been claiming too much of response from all the corners →
The UNIC UC46 is the company's latest compact projector. Boasting similar specs to the company's popular UC40 model, the new model adds improved cooling and →
Doing something for the first time can often be nerve-wracking. Bungee-jumping, for example, or going on a date. And making a success of it is →
OUR EARLY VERDICT Grab it while you can – this is the cheapest HD-capable projector currently on the market. While it's noisy, the PRW330 features →
Over the past four years, Sony's budget Blu-ray players have won their category at the What Hi-Fi? Awards three times, which is an astounding achievement. →
THE GOOD: The Epson Home Cinema 2045 offers very good image quality, with full HD resolution and accurate color. It lacks the DLP "rainbow effect," →
OUR VERDICT In many ways, the LG PH450UG represents a new wave in portable projectors. Offering excellent wired and wireless connectivity, not to mention a →
Pros: UHD Playback Supported Miracast & AirPlay Stupendous Price Small size and lightweight Cons: Mediocre Performance (Outdated Quad core processor) A TV Box might appear →
There are various projectors in the market today, but the UNIC UC46 LCD Projector has some amazing features which make it unique. If you are a →
PROS HDMI IN Pocket and portable size Nice design + tripod Stable work Good projection during the day and at night CONS Nothing so far →
The Teclast P80h is a 8" tablet PC that features Dual WiFi, HDMI, very strong GPS signal and Miracast. Design The Teclast P80h is equipped →
Previously, we have reported the latest news about Chuwi MINI PC, called Chuwi HIBOX Mini PC, which is the first mini pc for Chuwi. As →
PROS Full Windows 10 PC in your pocket QWERTY keyboard, mouse joystick for on-the-go computing Decent CPU and RAM for most computing needs Full-sized USB →
Nexbox is from those TV box makers that pack its products with different processors. I mean there are many brands powering its products with the →
PROS Portable Wireless connectivity Decent black levels CONS Not bright enough Low resolution Unsubtle performance Set up issues iOS 10 compatibility issues KEY FEATURES Built-in →
OUR VERDICT HP's Elite x3 is a well-built device and a solid performer all-around. Unfortunately, Windows 10 Mobile fails to back it with enough app →
Nowadays Android TV boxes fly like hotcakes. Many people who are not aware of these products think they are mini PCs (and they are right, →
The need for quality, entertaining and informative content had been on the rise over a period of time, making viewers search for a better and →
OUR VERDICT The Nubia Z11 is a surprisingly accomplished smartphone, but one which may find it difficult to stand out, especially with a price point →
One lovely thing about the BM8 PRO TV Box is that with this device, your TV can be transformed into a smart TV, literally. With →
The Int Box i7 TV Box is an adventurous journey into a world of massive online entertainment; it makes watching TV online easy. I can →
Pros Well-build and designed hardware Intuitive UI Solid video playback Cons Requires HiMedia Wrapper to be used in Kodi to access some features which can be →
Pros Design Stylish keyboard GPU Advanced Media Streaming Options Windows 10 and Android 5.1 Cons Processor Battery Our passion of reviewing dual OS tablets is →
Pros 4K UHD Support Several useful apps included Affordable price OTG and OTA support Dual Band Wi-Fi Cons Few USB ports. Short and slow Memory →
OUR EARLY VERDICT The HP Elite x3 impresses with loaded specs and multiple use cases, but it may have come too late to save the →
1. Introduction The Sony Xperia E5 is the company's cheapest smartphone in the updated 2016 lineup, but you wouldn't tell going by just how it →
Lenovo has tablets with built-in projectors, but that's not practical for some. If you want to enjoy the same kind of projector sans the entire →
The Epson EH-TW5350 is a 3LCD projector aimed at the budget end of the market and has a retail price of £599.99. It offers a →


text:
To the Aid of Falx
|Frank Mentzer
|First published
To the Aid of Falx is an adventure module published in 1982 for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.
Plot summary[edit]
In To the Aid of Falx, the player characters aid a silver dragon by trying to retrieve five potions of silver dragon control from a thieves' lair.[1]
Publication history[edit]
R-1 To the Aid of Falx was written by Frank Mentzer, with art by Jim Holloway, and published by TSR/RPGA in 1982 as a 16-page booklet with an outer folder.[1] The module was a limited edition, sold only to members of the RPGA.[1] It was later rewritten, and collected with the other modules from the R-series in I12 Egg of the Phoenix.[1]
|This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2013)
|This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (March 2013)
|This Dungeons & Dragons article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
The New Atkins New You Cookbook : 200 delicious low-carb recipes you can make in 30 minutes or less Paperback
by Colette Heimowitz
The bestselling "New Atkins New You" introduced a whole new way to do the classic Atkins diet, offering a more flexible, more effective and easier-to-maintain low-carb lifestyle.
Now, "The New Atkins New You Cookbook" provides 200 delicious Atkins-friendly recipes for making Atkins-friendly breakfasts, lunches, dinners and desserts.
Although low-carb, they are not carb free, which means you can indulge in delicious muffins, tasty Paninis and flavorsome pizzas - and still lose weight.
The book also fully explains the Atkins diet and offers a clear plan for you to stay on track and reach your target weight.
Recipes include: Spicy Pecan Pancakes and Cheddar-Dill Scones; Thai Coconut Shrimp Soup and Chicken Teriyaki Burgers; Chocolate Pudding and Cherry Pie; and, Low-carb versions of muffins and smoothies.
You really can eat tasty food morning, noon and night and still shed pounds.
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 352 pages
- Publisher: Ebury Publishing
- Publication Date: 01/01/2012
- Category: Diets & dieting
Other Formats
- EPUB from £8.99
Free Home Delivery
on all orders
Pick up orders
from local bookshops
Also by Colette Heimowitz


text:
The act of licking spilled pasta sauce off an object in such a way that ensures all females in the immediate area are overwhelmed with feelings of uncontrollable sexual desire for said individual. The Dolmio suggestive grin tells any potential lady friend that you are not afraid to put anything in your mouth that leaves a spaghetti sauce like mess on your face, ensuring you'll be there for her for more than 3 weeks out of every month.
After accidentally spilling Napoli sauce on his phone while eating pasta and texting at the same time, Muska decided to lick the sauce off the screen while making eye contact with the girl at the adjacent table. Giving her the Dolmio suggestive grin instantly turned her into a horny, cock fiending nymphomaniac. He proceeded to bend her over the table and plow her mercilessly in the middle of the food court while she screamed out "Tell me you like eating red carpet!"
by Muska Iscool March 17, 2011
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug


text:
Host Epithelial Cell Invasion by Campylobacter jejuni: Trigger or Zipper Mechanism?
- Authors
- Journal
- Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 2235-2988
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Publication Date
- Volume
- 2
- Identifiers
- DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00025
- Source
- Legacy
- Keywords
- Disciplines
Campylobacter jejuni, a spiral-shaped Gram-negative pathogen, is a highly frequent cause of gastrointestinal foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Clinical outcome of C. jejuni infections ranges from mild to severe diarrheal disease, and some other complications including reactive arthritis and Guillain–Barré syndrome. This review article highlights various C. jejuni pathogenicity factors, host cell determinants, and proposed signaling mechanisms involved in human host cell invasion and their potential role in the development of C. jejuni-mediated disease. A model is presented which outlines the various important interactions of C. jejuni with the intestinal epithelium, and we discuss the pro's and con's for the "zipper" over the "trigger" mechanism of invasion. Future work should clarify the contradictory role of some previously identified factors, and should identify and characterize novel virulence determinants, which are crucial to provide fresh insights into the diversity of strategies employed by this pathogen to cause disease.


text:
Congo: Conflict leaves thousands homeless
From World Vision, by John Kisimir:
Nyaranzo is one young girl among thousands who are homeless because of conflict in the northeast Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The 8-year-old looks up to the sky at the sounds of gunfire and explosions. Nyaranzo has no family where she is staying; they may have been lost as they ran for their lives.
"I just remember people running," she says of the conflict that drove her family from their home. "Maybe my mum is still coming."
A good Samaritan — a woman with four other children — watches over Nyaranzo. Along with 900 other families, they stay at a school in Kiwanja. A dusty classroom is Nyaranzo's home at night; she stays at the playground during the day.
As the government and rebels fight along the Runyonyi Mountains, families are finding it difficult and dangerous to move about. The displacement is putting pressure on food reserves of the host communities; they could run out of food for themselves as well.
"We are very concerned about the population in areas where the fighting is going on," says Jonas Habimana, World Vision's program coordinator. "We are worried about their safety and lack of basic needs, like food."
Since April 2012, clashes between the Congolese army and the M23 rebel group have driven more than 200,000 people from their homes, according to the U.N. human rights organization.
"The leaders of the M23 figure among the worst perpetrators of human rights violations in the [Congo], or in the world for that matter," said Navi Pillay U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees. "Many of them have appalling track records, including allegations of involvement in mass rape and of responsibility for massacres and for the recruitment and use of children."
World Vision partners with the World Food Program to provide food rations to the displaced by the conflict.
In partnership with the humanitarian community, the organization is advocating for the protection of civilians by the U.N. Stabilization Force, the government, and parties to the conflict, as well as establishing a protection response including Child-Friendly Spaces to assist the displaced.
John Kisimir is a World Vision communications director based in South Africa. He is currently on assignment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


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A big motivation for considering hosting on Windows Azure is cost. Each month, Microsoft'll send Adatum a bill for the Windows Azure resources used. It's a cost/benefit decision, and although author gives it a quick treatment and doesn't take all points in the decision into account, you should focus on the process he follows. It's a quick & simple example of the kind of thought process we should have as data professionals when we pick a server, a process, or application and even platform software. At this stage of a-Expense migration, there're 5 things that'll generate billing events: In/Out bandwidth. This's web page traffic generated between user's browsers and a-Expense web site. ($0.10-$0.15/GB); Windows Azure Storage. In this case it'll just be Profile data. Later it'll also be used for storing receipt scans. ($0.15/GB); Transactions. Each interaction with storage system is also billed. ($0.01/10K transactions); Compute. This's the time a-Expense web site nodes are up. (Small size role is $0.12/hour); SQL Storage. SQL Azure comes in 3 sizes: 1GB, 10GB and 50GB. ($10, $100, $500/month respectively). Note: $500 for 50GB SQL Azure instance is my own "linear extrapolation".
More info: Windows Azure Guidance – A (simplistic) economic analysis of a-Expense migration