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What;s for the new year
Most Helpful Girl
Express at the mall, Modcloth.com on the internet, and victoria secret (regular clothing not lingerie)
Express has a great selection of hot little dresses and they're meant to fit basically all body shapes (I have an hour glass figure so I have to get dresses that "hug" well).
Modcloth.com has TOOONS of different dresses and I love they have different styles but they end up looking way better online than in person so beware.
Victoria secret actually has really cute selection of holiday formal clothes. If you don't want anything too slutty but want it to accentuate some parts of your bodies, they have tons of cute selection. If you want something sexy and a bit revealing, they also have that.
Happy Shopping! :)00|00|0


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A lot is already being said and written about the alleged Galaxy S5 which is likely to go in production in January and slated for a launch in February or March. Now, a new report from ZDNet Korea says the Galaxy S5 will be unveiled at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, this February.
One of the first rumours about the S5 was about its 2560 x 1440 pixels display. The report also adds more meat to this speculation, Besides the QHD (2560x1440p) resolution, the report says the S5 will have something called the Iris verification technology.
Eye scanner? We see a 'You're not holding it right' joke coming
Ever since, Apple introduced fingerprint scanner with the iPhone 5S, there's been great interest in using biometric technology in smartphones. HTC One Max has a fingerprint scanner, just like the iPhone's. Of course Samsung won't be left out of the biometrics race. The rumoured "Eye-Scanning" unlock capability is based on the Iris verification technology. At this point, we would like to remind you that this is just speculation, but considering Samsung's penchant for using the front camera for more than just selfies, this is not implausible.
As far as other aspects of the S5 are concerned, there have been reports claiming Samsung plans to ditch polycarbonate and opt for a metal body for the Galaxy S5. It is also highly speculated to come powered by either Qualcomm Snapdragon 805, or a 64-bit version of Samsung's own Exynos chip. The Galaxy S5 is also expected to get a 16-megapixel camera module with optical image stabilisation.
Published Date: Dec 17, 2013 03:27 pm | Updated Date: Dec 17, 2013 03:27 pm

subset: commoncrawl


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Cedar Rapids Tickets
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What Happens When You're Charged with a Crime
How a Criminal Case Gets Filed
How does a criminal case get filed? First, there is an arrest and the police report that follows. The prosecutor then reads the police report and decides whether or not the arrested should be charged with a crime. Alternatively, the prosecutor can go to a grand jury and ask them to decide what criminal charges should be filed (an indictment). Finally, a judge holds a preliminary hearing where he or she decides whether there is enough evidence to proceed.
The Arrest and Report
After an arrest is made, but before anyone is charged with a crime, the police create an arrest report and forward it to the prosecutor. The report summarizes the events leading up to the arrest and the details of the arrest (dates, time, location, witnesses, etc).
Based on this report, the prosecutor can either:
- File a complaint with the trial court, setting forth the charges
- Go to a grand jury, present the evidence to them, and ask them what criminal charges, if any, should be brought
- Elect to not pursue the matter
Prosecutors not only have a lot of discretion regarding whether or not to file, but also regarding which of many possible crimes a person should be charged with (including a lesser charge).
Charges Must Be Filed Quickly
Prosecutors generally file criminal charges or not within 3 days, although in some jurisdictions in as few as 2 days. Because prosecutors must file so quickly, the crime you are charged with initially may change significantly over time.
Whether to Prosecute
Prosecutors have a lot of discretion on whether to charge a defendant and which offenses they wish to pursue. Here are some of the most important factors to a prosecutor:
- Political Aspirations: prosecutors often run for office or seek political appointments. As a result, they are keenly aware of the image prosecuting a particular offense sends the community. Even if the evidence is questionable, if there is considerable community outrage, a prosecutor may decide to pursue a case. Alternatively, certain crimes will almost always be prosecuted, because not prosecuting them sends a bad message (e.g., DUIs).
- Office Policies: prosecution offices often have policies regarding which crimes they want to prosecute. There may be a push to prosecute a certain kind of crime or a policy to not prosecute other crimes that the office considers less important.
- Prosecutor's Notion of Justice: prosecutors are people, and just like everyone else have beliefs and ideas about right and wrong. On one hand, it may lead a prosecutor to pursue a case more aggressively than may be warranted by the facts. On the other hand, it may lead to a prosecutor filing lesser charges or choosing not to pursue a case where the prosecutor thinks justice will still be served even though no one is charged with a crime.
The Grand Jury's Role
Grand juries are similar to regular juries (also known as "petit juries," except that a grand jury's job is simply to decide whether or not charges should be brought in the first place rather than deciding the guilt or innocence of a person at trial. A prosecutor presents evidence to the grand jury, and the grand jury returns its verdict on whether or not charges should be brought and what charges those should be. Here are some of the other primary differences between a grand jury and a regular jury.
- Grand juries view evidence to decide whether to file charges, but don't decide guilt like a regular jury.
- Grand juries generally have more jury members than a regular jury, with some grand juries having as many as 23 members. Regular juries generally have between 6 and 12 members.
- Grand juries don't require a unanimous decision and sometimes only require a simple majority. Regular juries require a unanimous decision.
- Grand juries meet secretly, whereas regular juries serve in public trials.
How Grand Juries Work
Unlike regular juries, grand juries do a lot behind closed doors. This means that potential defendants are not present during grand jury proceedings and neither are their lawyers. The prosecutor gives the jurors a "bill" of charges, and then presents evidence, including witnesses, in order to obtain an indictment. These proceedings are secret, but transcripts for the proceeding may be obtained after the fact. Prosecutors like grand juries because they function like a "test" trial and enable prosecutors to see how the evidence will be received by jurors.
If the grand jury indicts a defendant based on the evidence presented, it returns a "true bill". If the grand jury decides not to indict, it returns a "no bill." However, even if a grand jury does not indict, the prosecutor can return to the same grand jury and present additional evidence, get a new grand jury, or even file criminal charges regardless.
The Preliminary Hearing
If the case a is a felony and the prosecutor bypasses a grand jury to file charges, then a preliminary hearing is held. At the hearing, the prosecutor must demonstrate to the judge that the state has enough evidence to warrant a trial.
If the case proceeds based on a grand jury indictment, however, then no preliminary hearing is required. For this reason, prosecutors tend to favor grand juries, because the grand jury process allows them to wait to reveal what evidence they have until trial.
Get Legal Assistance
An attorney can provide crucial assistance regardless of where your case is in the process. Of course, retaining an attorney early on tends to have the best results. Schedule a free case review with a local attorney now to discuss your case.


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Archive for August 2012
77th Annual Old Fiddlers' Convention August 8-12
Blue Ridge Manor Bed and Breakfast invites you to stay at their cozy, Conveniently located bed and breakfast for the 2012 Old Time Fiddlers' Convention.
Before the second weekend in August each year, lovers of country and mountain music leave their homes in time to be in Galax, VA for the Annual Old Fiddler's Convention. For some this means hundreds of miles of travel, while for others it will be a short trip from their nearby homes. Most of these people don't play music, and come just for the listening and renewing old acquaintances.
Important Dates & Schedule Of Events Location: Felts Park Galax, VA
Thursday, July 15, 2012 – Registration Deadline – All registration forms must be postmarked by this date.
Sunday, August 5, 2012, 7:00 AM – Felts Park Campground Opens. (No walk in campers until 4:00 PM).
Monday, August 6, 2012, 2:30 – 4:30 PM – Registration for Fiddlers' Youth Competition
Monday, August 6, 2012, 5:30 PM – Fiddlers' Youth Competition
Tuesday, August 7, 2012, 2:00 PM – Attempt to break the "Guinness Book of World Records Largest Mandolin Ensemble"
Tuesday, August 7, 2012, 6:00 PM – Old Time Fiddle, Dobro, and Mandolin Competitions
Wednesday, August 8, 2012, 6:00 PM – Bluegrass Fiddle, Dulcimer, and Bluegrass Banjo Competitions
Thursday, August 9, 2012, 6:00 PM – Clawhammer Banjo, Autoharp, and Guitar Competitions
Friday, August 10, 2012, 6:00 PM – Old Time Band and Bluegrass Band Competitions
Saturday, August 11, 2012, 12:00 PM – Folk Song and Flatfoot Dance Competitions
Saturday, August 11, 2012, 6:00 PM – Bluegrass Band and Old Time Band Competitions
Sunday, August 12, 2012, Early AM hours – Winners Announced
Sunday, August 12, 2012 – 11:00 AM – All campers and vendors must be out of the park.


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Iconic Heroes is the latest release in the Pathfinder Battles series of prepainted plastic miniatures from WizKids and Paizo Inc.
Iconic Heroes Set V includes five all-new miniatures featuring famous personalities from the Pathfinder roleplaying universe: Kess, Oloch, Zadim, Adowyn, Enora, and Leryn! Each of these miniatures is an ALL-NEW sculpt and will feature a dynamic pose, incredible detail and a premium paint job.
Characters featured in this Set List include:
• Kess, Human Brawler
• Oloch, Half-Orc Warpriest
• Zadim, Human Slayer
• Adowyn, Human Hunter
• Enora, Halfling Arcanist
• Leryn, Animal Companion
Each Iconic Heroes Box Set also includes EXCLUSIVE "Boon Cards" (one for each miniature) for use in the Pathfinder Adventure Card Game! These special Boon Cards are only available in this Pathfinder Battles product!


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About the Book
Another Man's Treasure is a photography book documenting the landscapes, people, and artifacts of the waste management industry in South-Eastern New England.
Features & Details
- Category Arts & Photography
Large Square, 12×12 in, 30×30 cm
74 Pages
- Publish Date Apr 15, 2013
- Language English
- Tags henry amistadi, still life, photography, photobook, photo, book, garbage, trash, waste, management, industry, documentary, social, environmental, landscape, portrait
See More
About the Creator
Henry Amistadi
Northampton, MA, USA
Henry Amistadi is a photographer based out of Western Massachusetts. His work documents the world around him. Lately his work has focused on the youth experience as a way to explore personal issues.
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Without strategically placing keywords in your resume, employers won't be able to find you.
See our customer's questions about how to write an effective, job-winning resume
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Interviewers will ask similar questions and gauge your response
Hiring Managers want to learn how you get things done
10 tips that will help you have a successful first ever job interview.
Read how to properly interpret and answer this seemingly tricky question.
You want to make sure that you provide a clear and intelligible answer.
Make sure your goals line up with what you would be doing in their company.
You only get out of your career what you put into it.
It makes you more well-rounded and enhances your appearance through your resume
You may have skills that are high in demand and not even know it.
Your one-stop source for the latest career tools, job search tips, and expert advice.
Fellowship Trained Musculoskeletal Radiologist Needed for Locums Coverage in Alabama Dates Needed: September - ongoing S...
Fellowship Trained Musculoskeletal Radiologist Needed for Locums Coverage in Alabama Dates Needed: September - ongoing S...
Customer service-oriented Administrative Assistant skilled in greeting patients, scheduling appointments and preparing ...
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On Campus
AU Library Acquires Factiva Database
Factiva is an important news and business database with many corporate subscribers who value the immediacy and depth of information it provides. Factiva has more than 28,000 sources from 200 countries in 25 languages. The content dates primarily from 1979 to present.
Factiva is often compared with LexisNexis Academic because the two databases share some similar content. Clement Ho, a library collection manager, makes the following useful comparisons between the two databases with a focus on the news content:
- Factiva is a Dow Jones product. Therefore, it is one of the few sources for the Wall Street Journal (June 13, 1979 to present). (The library has another database, Wall Street Journal Historical, that has the complete Wall Street Journal from 1889 to 1991.)
- Factiva also has the English version of Al-Jazeera (January 5, 2007 to present).
- Factiva has titles in many more languages than LexisNexis Academic. In addition to English, LexisNexis Academic only has articles in Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. Factiva, on the other hand, has articles in those seven languages plus Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Melayu, Bulgarian, Catalan, Chinese (simplified and traditional), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean Norwegian, Polish, Portugese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish. To see the Chinese and Japanese characters and Cyrillic letters, researchers should use Firefox as a browser.
- Whereas LexisNexis Academic only has text, Factiva has videos and audio, mostly business news from Fox and the Wall Street Journal. Factiva also has images.
In addition to basic and more sophisticated searches, Factiva has special searches for up-to-the minute stock quotes, "charting," and company and industry searches. For each company Factiva provides a useful "snapshot," and for each industry, Factiva offers an international "peer comparison" search.
The library license for Factiva allows for ten simultaneous users. Users who cannot access the database immediately should wait a few minutes and try again. Also, please note that inactivity in Factiva leads to a quick timeout.


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In Car Stock Infiniti M56 vs Ford Mustang 5.0 Coyote
Cockpit view of drag race with new Mustang on drag radials.
Infiniti M56 Stock vs 5.0 Coyote Mustang On Drag Radials 1/4 Mile Drag Race
Stock M56 and the Mustang had drag radials on it unknown if any bolt ons.
Infiniti M56 World Record 1/4 Mile Stock 12's
Dred of DredRacing channel claims stock Infiniti M56 World Record. firstname.lastname@example.com This car is completely 100% Bone Stock no tricks no tunes no timing ...
Infiniti M56 Drag Racing In Yas Island - دراق ريس انفنتي ام 56 في حلبه ياس
bone stock and only 4000 km done on it 166 km/h in 13.9 s ستوك وماشيه 4000 كيلو بس ما شاء الله.
2014 Infiniti Q50S vs Chevy SS Mashup Drag Race: V-6 vs V8 smack-down Part 1
http://www.TFLcar.com ) The 2014 Infiniti Q50S is a very fast sedan with a 3.7L rev-happy 3.7L V-6 engine. The new Chevy SS sedan should be even faster with ...
1/4 Mile Drag Race - 2015 Infiniti Q50S vs Ford Mustang GT
Mustang has high performance exhaust and NOS he had to kick in to pass me (according to driver after the race). Not sure what else. My Q50S has Stillen Full ...
2011 Infiniti M56 vs. 2011 BMW 550i | Edmunds.com
Edmunds.com puts the 2011 BMW 550i and the 2011 Infiniti M56 in a head to head comparison test of performance luxury sedans. EDMUNDS VIDEO ...
Infiniti M56s Burnout
Rocco does burnout with his dads car in Roslyn. Produced by Arman and Mosko.
15' RT vs 11' M56 S
2015 Dodge Charger RT Dyno: Diablo 93 Tune: 360whp / 391.09wtq CURB WEIGHT 4165 lbs. Mod's: 180t Stat , Pypes Catback system and Diablo 93Tune Vs.
Infiniti m56s
Infiniti m56s


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Viral videos consume us. Surprised cats and spray bottle babies are at the heart of a technology rich culture. But homemade videos aren't the only videos that go viral. Each week Visible Measures with Advertising Age releases a list of the top ten viral video advertisements. It's an incredible resource for the classroom. All are ready made "arguments" for use in your classroom.
Consider having students watch any advertisement 2-3 times.
- First viewing should be basic comprehension
- Second viewing should focus on detail
- Third viewing should allow them to answer guiding questions and/or create them on their own.
You may choose to have students SOAPSTone the ads by simply tweaking the category of "speaker" and changing it to advertiser/company or director.
Chipotle Commercial-"Back to the Start"
This is part of Chipotle's anti factory farming and organic/free range campaign. The commercial employs wooden toys to tell a three-part story. Small farm turned factory farm turned small farm again. Willie Nelson sings a cover of Coldplay's "The Scientist" in the background. Use the commercial as a perfect pairing for teaching The Jungle, Fast Food Nation and the 2011 AP Language & Composition prompt about locavores or teach it on its own.
Some guiding questions:
- Why children's toys?
- What arguments are made over the course of the commercials?
- Why "The Scientist?" Why are the lyrics important? Why Willie Nelson and not Coldplay?
- What is the importance of the final phrase "cultivate a better world?"
- What is the significance of the title?
- Write your own essential big picture question. You are so smart. You can do it.
Samsung Galaxy S II Commercial- "The Next Big Thing"
This pits the iPhone (without ever mentioning its name) against the Samsung Galaxy. The commercial itself is a caricature of Apple fanboys and girls. Use this to discuss the role of technology and even the importance of the "it" cell phone in today's culture.
Some guiding questions:
1. Identify elements of satire/humor.
2. How are Apple consumers characterized?
3. In comparison, how are Samsung consumers characterized.
4. What is the significance of the title?
5. Write your own essential question.


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Hard Disk in a frame
Ever opened-up a faulty hard-disk to see what's inside? It looks pretty cool, and you can get some very strong neodymium magnets out of it. SWAG!
Another cool usage is to display the opened hard-disk on your wall or desk, as art.
Ikea comes to the rescue. Did you know that you can fit a 3.5″ hard disk in a Ribba 15cm x 20cm? Me neither. Also, you can fit two of the small-factor hard disks in the Ribba 12cm x 17cm
You can use two-sided tape to hold them in place, or use the mounting screws like I did. You then fix the back to the frame with some black electrical tape.
Easy peasy. And it looks really good IMHO.
Check out both versions:
DIY Lab Bench PSU
My old Bench PSU had died and I needed a new one for my water-gun project (Work in progress), so it was a good time to document the process as well for the benefit of others.
List of materials.
- A discarded computer Power Supply Unit. (PSU)
- At least 2 terminals
- 2-state flip switches
- A 12v fan
- an on-off rocker switch
- Dremel
- LCD Voltage meter (Optional)
- Sandpaper & Paint (Optional)
My Donor PSU has a large 120mm fan on top of it that is not very useful. It takes up all the space. It had to go. As a replacement I used the top off another PSU with no top fan. The dimensions are the same anyway.
First step is to open it up as see what we got.
Ammo Case HTPC Mod
I've always wanted to build my own custom PC case.
Ever since I randomly stumbled upon the mini-itx.com website I got hooked. I saw all of the mods that other people submitted over the years and I wanted to build my own. I specially liked the army themed ones such as the Ammo Box and the AmmoLAN. I had an ammo box lying around that I used to house all of my audio cds. It was about time it got a new purpose.
The new system would act as a Home Theater PC (HTPC) and keep company to my new 32″ Full HD TV. For that it would have to be powerful enough to play Blue-ray and some video games. I read some positive reviews on the new Zotac ION ITX-A, plus it has an external brick-type UPS for space economy and less heat.
Featuring the Intel Atom 330 and the Nvidia GeForce 9300, they say zotac Ion is up to the task, and pretty friendly to the pocket.
So the configuration goes like that:
Main Components
Zotac Ion ITX-A ————————–>175 euros (Delivery costs included)
Sony AD-7670S Slim DVD —————>46 euros
Seagate Barracuda 320GB —————->39 euros
Kingston PC6400 800Mhz 2GB ———->27 euros
Trust Wireless Keyboard & Mouse –>27 euros
Bits & Pieces
2x light bulbs ————————> 2 euros
Valdal-proof Switch —————->7.40 euros
Key-switch ————————-> 4 euros
2x Flip toggle switches ————-> 2 euros
Tiny reset switch ——————->0.60 euros
Cables —————————–>0.15 euros
2x 40mm Fan Guards ————->1.2 euros
80mm Fan Guard —————–>2 euros
4x M3 Stand-offs —————–>1 euro
mini-sata to sata cable ————->5 euros
HDMI v3 Gold cable ————–>7 euros
Solder Iron ——————>8 euros
Solder Flux ——————>1.6 euros
Hot Glue Gun —————>3.50 euros
Masking Tape—————>1 euro
Dremel-Type Rotary tool —>30 euros
Set of Dremel bits ———-> 7 euros
I started by measuring the mobo and the ammo case. It seems it could fit. the height of the mobo matches exactly the height of the box. 17cm. It's gonna be a close fit. I made a paper mock-ups to arrange all the parts inside the box and figure out where to put each part.
Next step was to plug everything, cross my fingers and hope that everything works out of the box. A very critical step to the overall success.
And yes it works just fine. Notice that the original plan was to include a full-sized DVD drive. More on that later.
Here is the ammo box in it's original un-modded beauty.
On the side it's marked: "Fuze PD M557 Boostered" and on the top: "Explosives Class C" a little bit of googling revealed that it's purpose was to store fuses for 105mm artillery rounds.
In the past, (Before 9-11) I had a lot of fun at airports with this thing as carry-on baggage. The stares I would get from security staff…
Now lets get that dremel working. For the ports on the back, I didn't want to use the I/O shield that most of mods use because it would look too much like a PC. I just cut enough steel for the ports to slip through.
The I/O shield came handy to mark the spot for cutting.
Here's my workshop setup. I got exiled by my GF to the balcony so I wouldn't mess up the house with steel trimmings. That was a BAD idea. More on that later.
I started off by cutting the front handle. It was the first time I was handling a dremel tool so I needed the practice. The front handle was totally useless and it was making a clinking noise when moving the case around, plus I needed the space, so it had to go.
The carbon cutting disk cut it like butter.
Largo from Megatokyo webcomic says that you have to hack naked so who am I to defy him?
I also own (or should I say p0wN) this awesome t-shirt
Here are the first holes my dremel skillz are improving really slowly.
Now for some soldering skills. Again, It's my first time with a soldering iron. I needed to wire fans, Switches, and status leds. Starting from the fans, the system is ment for my bedroom so it has to be extra silent. It will also be permanently on, so good air flow is a must too. At first I thought of putting 40mm fans. 2 on the back and 2 on the lid.
The disadvantage of 40mm fans over bigger ones is that they produce more noise, so instead of 2 + 2, I used one 80mm on the back, blowing air in, and two 40mm on the top, blowing hot air out.
I don't have a multimeter so a peek under the label reveals the polarity. (At the time I didn't think about cables color coding)
So as you probably suspected, the red wire is the positive, and the black is negative or ground. The blue one is the RPM sensor that I don't need it at the moment, so off it goes. All 3 fans are 12v and they have the small 3 pin connector. The one that connects to the motherboard so that the system controls the RPMs. Off with those too. Now… where to solder them? The sata power molex is basically the same as the standard molex. yellow is +12V, red is +5V, and the 2 black cables are ground.
At first I connected all of the fans in series, but that didn't work very well as the voltage was reduced with each device I added. Makes sense to those who actually paid attention in physics class.
So I de-soldered everything and connected them in parallel.
I then wired 2 flip-switches to kill the power to the inbound or outbound airflow individually.
Everyday I could only cut for 4 hours from 5pm to 9pm so I wouldn't annoy the neighbors with all the noise. Add to that the much needed planning time, and it took me weeks to cut and sand everything.
Next stage was to cut 3 blow holes. I started with the 80mm one on the back.
The hole saws were too expensive so I had to do it with the dremel.
I masked the area with masking tape to protect it from random "oops" slip-offs. (I learn from my mistakes)
I started by drilling guide holes with the drill, and then worked my way circularly with the dremel and carbon cutting disk. The steel was thick and the job took me quite a while to finish.
Next was the lid 40mm holes. That was a royal pain in the 4$$ ! ! !
The steel on the lid was double! I don't mean just thicker, it actually consists of 2 steel plates. That made it super tough to carve a proper smooth circle. I should have bought the hole saws after all.
The rubber molding covers perfectly the imperfections. I had to force the 2 metal plates together with a pair of pliers otherwise it wouldn't fit.
Here you can see the HDD mounted on the side, the holes for status LEDs, flip switches, reset switch and the rubber molding DVD slot. The batteries are hot-glued to the bottom. I needed some way to line up the drive with the slot because of bad measuring. Also I had to place the DVD-drive upside-down because its right side corner would touch the motherboard. Amazingly it works even upside-down.
Everything plugged-in. The motherboard upper side sits just on the edge of the box. They have the exact same height of 17cm. It was a gamble but it fits. I tried to manage the cable-spaghetti a bit to get better airflow and that's the best I could do. It's breezy in there.
That was the point where I got so excited with the project that I forgot to take pictures of the process.
When I trie dto close the lid I realized that the lid hits the motherboard screws and stops it from closing. I remedied it with a little bit dremeling.
I wanted to mount the mobo, HDD, DVD and fans with M3 screws so I cut them to appropriate lengths. I later found out that M3 doesn't work with internal components. It's a good thing I had a bunch of spare screws from random PCs. I used the M3 screws and M3 nylon nuts to mount the fans. It was very had to keep the nut in place while screwing. (This doesn't sound right…)
I hot-glued most of the cables to tide them up and improve the air-flow. That's the top fans connected and ready to go.
Perfect fit for the wifi antenna. I've got some regular sized antennas that I could use, but I'm planning on installing a huge one just to get the military-specs style
I added a key switch. I order to power-on the PC, you have to turn the key to on, and then push the start switch. The key disables the power switch by opening the circuit. I wanted to imitate the 2 key-safety feature of nuclear weapons. If the key-switch is off, you can't power-off the system either.
Close-up view of one of the top fans with its fan guard.
Fron view. In that hole you can see the reset switch. I put it there to avoid accidental resets. On the left we got the fan flip-switches, and on the right the HDD activity status and power-on status. I used 3v light bulbs instead of LEDs to give a more old-school look. When inserting a disk you have to remember to put it upside-down
I wanted to mount a regular sized DVD drive vertically, but unfortunately it didn't fit, and it wouldn't look good anyway with a tray protruding even with the bezel removed. So I opted for the much more expensive slimline slot drive. I was hoping to cut a thin line on the front of the case to eject the DVDs and stealth the drive behind it. Turns out dremel tools aren't that precise. At least not in my hands. The line ended up being quite thick so I had to resolve to rubber molding around the edges to make the slot appear thinner, and protect DVDs from getting scratched.
I then bought a cheap PC remote control from ebay for basic control while laying lazingly on the bed. It is an HTPC after all.
And finally the finished product
I also added XBMC to enhance the home theater experience. Works like a charm.
Why it's a bad idea to cut steel on the balcony:
All the metal trimings that graciously lie on the balcony floor, once they get wet from the rain, they start to rust. And boy do they rust FAST. I got rust everywhere on the floor and the GF went mental so I had to scrub and scrub with acid solution.
Next time I'll do it in the basement and vacuum the place real good.
Feel free to leave comments negative or positive, or suggestions.


text:
Criminal Law
Criminal Law Questions? Ask a Criminal Lawyer.
Thanks for using JustAnswer.com
Did the police issue you any type of violation?
Thanks for the information.
You were correct. Unless the officers had a warrant (there are exceptions, however....like you gave permission), under the 4th Amendment, they had no right to enter your apartment.
All crimes are made up of elements. Each and every element of a crime must be proven "beyond a reasonable doubt." If the state fails to prove EACH and every element of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt, then you must be found "NOT GUILTY." So, you need to ask your lawyer to explain the elements of the crime of "use or explosion of fireworks." Whether you can be convicted of the crime depends on whether all of the elements of the crime are met.
The officers may testify that you admitted to use of fireworks. But the state must produce evidence beyond your admission in order to convict you. What made the officers believe that you were using fireworks? They were called to your apartment on a noise complaint....not on a fireworks complaint! Did they smell something, hear something or see something that would believe them to believe that you were using fireworks?
The officers will testify as to what they heard, smelled, heard, etc. and will testify that you admitted to using fireworks. However, your attorney may cross examine the officer regarding the credibility his/her testimony and whether they possibly put words in your mouth regarding your admission, etc.
Moreover, if you were charged with use or explosion of fireworks.....where is the evidence of the fireworks? You didn't let them in your apartment. I'm sure that you didn't give them evidence. So.....the state has to prove it!
Your attorney spoke to you of court supervision or the diversion program because you may have the opportunity to complete a period of supervision and if you do so, you will end up with no conviction on your record.
A diversion program is an alternative to having a trial. You must discuss the facts of your case with your attorney, evaluate whether the state can prove each and every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt and decide how you want to proceed.
Most importantly, if you believe that you are not guilty, then don't plead guilty. Any plea of guilt must be freely, knowingly and voluntarily made.
I hope you find this information useful and that you PRESS THE GREEN ACCEPT BUTTON so that I can get credit for answering the question. Thank you.


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Model: 07003
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28,992 shares
A Real Best Friend
99,289 shares
A Dog's life...
65,075 shares
I think Noah is going to have a little trouble breeding the lions...
68,983 shares
Element of surprise!
79,839 shares
Black Friday
62,312 shares
They're Not Quite As SMART As They Think They Are
58,261 shares
Get to tha shoppar!
68,762 shares
Important meeting taking place across the street...
27,315 shares
When the waiter asks how the food is...
15,729 shares
I love manatees because they are so majestic.
14,406 shares
Laugh more daily


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
I am not rcieving emails from jotformAsked by SBTIZA on May 09, 2016 at 02:04 AM
My account SBTIZA associated with email email@example.com was created in 2014 I got the welcome email from jotform but now I dont seem to be getting any emails from jotform not even my PASSWORD RESET EMAIL.
Please help
JotForm Support
I have already responded to you on the following thread: https://www.jotform.com/answers/835005
Thank you!


text:
(CBS News) In the days after Newtown, many people said, "If the cold blooded murders of 20 first-graders and six of their teachers is not enough to make it harder for the mentally ill to get guns, then what is?"
A year and a day later, I have no answer to that question.
All I know is what has happened since Newtown.
Since then, nearly 200 children have been killed by gunfire.
Since Newtown, there have been 28 school shootings on U.S. schoolgrounds during school hours -- that's one almost every other week -- and they have taken the lives of 17 children.
In Colorado, a 17-year-old girl injured in Friday's shooting remains in critical condition.
Since Newtown, 112 people have died in what the FBI calls mass shootings -- incidents that took the lives of at least four people. Some of those victims died at the Navy Yard in the shadow of the U.S. Capitol.
For all the talk and good intentions, the deranged are still finding the powerful weapons they need to carry out their deadly plans.
After the Navy Yard shooting, the President said, "Once more our hearts are broken. Once more we ask, why?"
But in our heart of hearts, don't we know why? It's not an easy question, because if we admit we do know, then good conscience forces us to do something about it.


text:
"I'd been in mobile since 2004 and wanted to leverage that experience," he says. "But I didn't want to be yet another mobile company. As a result, I chose to focus on what I expect to be the next big thing from mobile, dual-screen apps."
If that concept sounds new to you, you're not alone. Think of it as second-screen gaming, where players have individual devices (like their iPhone), that work together to affect play on a larger screen (like an Apple TV-connected television).
The Wii U does this with their included GamePad controller, which contains its own display, set apart from the other players who play on the main television with traditional controllers. When Witman saw the Wii U and the similar XBox SmartGlass debut at the 2012 E3, he knew he was onto something with Splitmo.
Yesterday, Splitmo launched Poker Night TV for Apple TV, in which players use their individual devices (iPhone or iPad) to make their bets, check their cards and review their stats all while the main television presents the virtual table, complete with common cards and pot amounts.
This is just one example of a game in which public and private information can span multiple devices, and Splitmo expects to release more apps in the coming year.
It's also a bet that "mini-consoles," such as the $100 Apple TV, the $99 Android-based Ouya, the upcoming subscription based gamepop, and the now-delayed GameStick, are going to give Microsoft and Sony a run for their money later this year when both companies release long-awaited, much-anticipated, and very expensive new consoles.
"It's hard to beat the $100 cost for the system, 99-cent or even free games, and a controller you've got in your pocket," Witman says.
Witman was expecting to hear about the launch of a slew of Apple TV apps at this year's WWDC, but that didn't that happen. He expects that those apps are coming, and he expects they will launch this fall. So he's pretty sure that Splitmo is in the right place at the right time.
There should soon be enough ubiquty to make dual app gaming disruptive. In fact, the ubiquity is already there, it's just that no one has capitalized on it yet. There are hundreds of millions of smart devices out there, and those devices significantly disrupted handheld gaming. They brought to gaming a new demographic that wasn't doing gaming before because now it's cheap, fun, and right there in their pocket, all the time.
"You're seeing more and more people interacting with televisions, with Smart TV, whether that's Google TV and the Google Play store or the Apple TV and apps," Witman says. "There's a serious value prop there, just based on the economics alone, plus you've got a lot of people out there who are already used to the interface."
All it would take, according to Litman, is a strong marketing push.
"Apple is such a juggernaut, and they've put no money into their percentage of marketing toward Apple TV. They've experienced year-over-year doubling of growth of the unit, with 5 million units last year. So the install base is probably 14-15 million. How many are they going to sell this year? And then on top of that to announce a video game system for $100 that does all this streaming and what have you."
He expects that kind of push would make the market "really go bananas."
"You put the muscle and mind of Apple or Google behind them and it's going to be hard for them to not be successful."
Splitmo is just hoping to play a part in that success.
Splitmo currently maintains space in the new American Underground at Main in downtown Durham. They're only 2 full time with some extra outside resources for design and QA. They're hoping to close a $350K seed round this summer and hire three more people.
They're working on additional games for the dual screen space, trying to stay between casual and multiplayer. They see a huge opportunity in true multiplayer mobile games.


text:
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Data from: "You are not what you eat: massive parallel sequencing reveals that gut microbiome is not diet-related in larval Dilophus febrilis (Diptera: Bibionidae)" in Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 June 2015 to 31 July 2015
Date Published: August 17, 2015
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r8r2k
Content in the Dryad Digital Repository is offered "as is." By downloading files, you agree to the Dryad Terms of Service. To the extent possible under law, the authors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this data.
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|Filtered data (Pyro Pipeline, OTUs) of 454 amplicon sequencing: D-D: Diptera fed with dwarf-shrub litter, D-G: Diptera fed with grass litter, D-C: Diptera fed with cow dung, DL: Dwarf-shrub litter, GL: Grass litter, CD: Cow dung.
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text:
The Texas Supreme Court remanded a case to the lower court decision allowing people to not send their kids to school or teach them anything at home if they're good little Christians about to be raptured.
The 6-3 decision by the all-Republican court on technical grounds means nothing was decided regarding a showdown between religious liberties and educational requirements in America's largest conservative state, though it will live on in lower Texas courts.
Texas doesn't require parents who home-school their children to register with state authorities. While families must meet "basic educational goals" in reading, spelling, grammar, mathematics and citizenship, they don't have to give standardized testing or otherwise prove student progress is made.
Problems for Laura and Michael McIntyre, who once educated their nine children in an empty office at the family's motorcycle dealership in El Paso, arose after an uncle told the school district that he never saw the children do much of anything educational. According to court filings, he also overheard of the children tell a cousin "they did not need to do schoolwork because they were going to be raptured," or blessed by the second coming of Jesus Christ.
That's actually happening. Right here in America. A state's high court actually refused to rule on the case, shooting it down on "technical grounds," because that way the child neglect can go on uninhibited. It's truly a sad story.


text: Washington (ANI): Former Spice Girl Geri Halliwell is keen to adopt a child from Africa. Geri, who is a single mother to 2-year-old daughter Bluebell Madonna, insisted that she doesnt want to adopt just to follow the adoption trend of Hollywood.The Wannabe hitmaker, who also works for the U.N., said she wants to adopt a child from Africa, so that she can add meaning to the life of an orphan from the country.I know its such a cliche for a famous person to adopt a child but that wouldnt stop me. After working for the U.N., I know the AIDS epidemic in Africa has left so many children orphaned. It would be an absolute gift to be able do it, Contactmusic quoted Geri, as telling Britains Red magazine.


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Question: Under what circumstances is an inventory rollback or roll forward typically
Under what circumstances is an inventory rollback or roll-forward typically performed? How valid is the evidence yielded by this audit procedure? Explain.
View Solution:
View Solution:
Answer to relevant QuestionsJill Karnick abandoned her attempt to complete an inventory roll-forward because of the considerable amount of work the procedure involved. Do you believe she made an appropriate decision given the circumstances she faced? ...In addition to the data shown in Exhibit 1 and Exhibit 2, what other financial information would you have obtained if you had been responsible for planning the 1991 Leslie Fayaudit?Identify the key auditing principles violated by the E&Y auditors in this case. Briefly explain how each principle was violated.Professional auditing standards identify the principal "management assertions" that underlie a set of financial statements. What were the key assertions that Arthur Young should have attempted to substantiate for the ...Should companies be allowed to hire individuals who formerly served as their independent auditors? Discuss the pros and cons of this practice.
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If you or a loved one has been injured due to medical malpractice, it is vital that you completely understand what caused the injury and who is responsible for the error. In some cases, a doctor, nurse, or other individual may be at fault for the medical mistake. In other cases, the hospital itself or the clinic may be at fault. Still, in other cases, both the doctor and the hospital may have contributed to the medical error.
How can you know who is at fault? You may need an expert to examine the evidence of your case and come to a conclusion based on what they find. Perhaps the hospital made a serious medication error. Perhaps the doctor made a bad treatment decision or a wrong diagnosis that most other doctors would have never made. Or perhaps the hospital hired a doctor who was not qualified for the job. It is very possible that more than one mistake by more than one party took place.
To learn more about your case, you can contact a Dallas medical malpractice attorney at Rasansky Law Firm. We can help you better understand your case and whether it should have been prevented. Call us today to schedule a free, confidential consultation.


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Re: [mythsoc] Re: Spelling help from Tolkien linguists
Expand Messages
- Any time. I'm gratified to see people taking the accent marks as seriously as I do. Well, perhaps not quite that seriously. There aren't too many of us who are quite so picky. ;)Jason
From: Leslie A. Donovan <ldonovan@...>
To: firstname.lastname@example.com
Sent: Saturday, July 7, 2012 5:12 PM
Subject: Re: [mythsoc] Re: Spelling help from Tolkien linguists
Thanks, Jason. I appreciate the confirmation of what SEEMED to me to be correct. But since I'm only a medium passable Tolkien linguist, I wanted to make sure I wasn't missing something. Thanks SO much.Leslie--Leslie A. DonovanAssociate Professor of the University Honors ProgramUNM Presidential Teaching FellowUniversity Honors ProgramMSC06 38901 University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM 87131(505) 277-4313http://www.unm.edu/~ldonovan
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Professional chefs generally know more than the average cook, including how to remove the poisonous glands from onions. Dine out with this Groupon.
$20 for $40 Worth of Seafood and Sandwiches
Begin feasts with a starter such as Kobe beef sliders with orange marmalade and blue cheese ($12) before turning to one of the restaurant's sandwiches, including the burger cordon bleu topped with swiss cheese, ham, and honey mustard ($11), or entrees such as mac 'n' cheese with bacon cheddar crumbs and chunks of Maine lobster ($22).
Breakers Restaurant & Bar
Floor-to-ceiling windows frame crashing ocean waves on the Hampton Beach sands at Breakers Restaurant & Bar. Local fishermen deliver many of the catches that end up in Executive Chef Derek Kucharski's kitchen from those waters, from the Maine lobster meat in his lobster rolls to the local haddock in his Sam Adams fish 'n' chips. Beyond seafood, his dinners include a variety of favorites, such as a 12-ounce chargrilled sirloin steak and roasted half-chicken served with wild mushrooms and tomato ragout.
Along with lunches and breakfast on select days of the week, dinnertime feasts unfold amid custom millwork, a raised stone-hearth fireplace, and a granite-topped bar that wraps around the entire dining area. The restaurant is situated in the 1912-built Ashworth by the Sea hotel and includes a large dance floor, which draws in crowds each Friday and Saturday night when DJ's spin classic tunes.


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"Gp referral for ovarian mass"
About: Princess Anne Hospital Princess Anne Hospital Southampton SO16 5YA
Posted by Anonymous
Anything else?
I waited 3 weeks for my appointment with a consultant, 3 weeks waiting to know what is going to happen about my 6cm Complex mass, i built myself up in hopes that I was going to find out what the next step was. I had already had an ultrasound which had confirmed the mass and its appearence, location and size. So I was more than upset to be told by the consultant in my 5 min appointment, that i would have to wait have another scan and come back to him in 3 weeks time to discuss the next step! it was the most pointless appointment ive ever experienced, ive basically done a full circle and now the 2nd 3 week wait begins.
Response from Princess Anne Hospital 4 years ago
I am sorry that you have not had a clear explanation of your plan of care and treatment. If Patient Support Services can be of any help please contact them on 02380 796325 and they can advise you further.
- {{helpful}} of {{total()}} people think this response is helpful
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Stanley bag Whalley
By James Pearson
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
Accrington Stanley have bolstered their options with the capture of Shaun Whalley.
Accrington Stanley have bolstered their attacking options with the capture of winger Shaun Whalley.
The 20-year-old has initially joined the League Two outfit on loan from Witton Albion until the end of the season.
However, Accrington have a deal in place should they wish the make Whalley's switch permanent next summer.
Whalley began his career with Chester City before going on to play for Runcorn FC and Witton Albion.
Accrington boss John Coleman had been looking for reinforcements following Gary Roberts' loan switch to Ipswich Town.
The likelihood of Ipswich keeping Roberts' services have increased after he received praise from boss Jim Magilton.
"I am very pleased with Gary," said Magilton. "He has shown up well in training where he has been very impressive, and plays with no fear.
"He is a typical scouser and is full of life, and if we can make his signing permanent when the transfer window opens then we will."


text:
Embassy Energy, an Embassy Group company, is planning to start work on 200 MW solar power plant in Karnataka. It is in the process of applying approvals to the ministry of renewable energy. The plant will come up in two phases of 100 MW each with the total investment of Rs 1,400 crore. It is expected to be ready by 2017.
Extracted from ET, Oct 22,'15
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First thought the runs through your mind when your mind when you see these pictures?
Have an opinion?
What Guys Said 5
"Someone's high"44|00|0
I don't see anything too bad with them just a bit abstract - They are quite good.00|00|0
First one - Spiderman (I don't know why);
Second one - satanic hand (maybe it's because of the goat-like image on the multi-fingered hand)00|00|0
Talent spotted00|00|0
I think they're supercool and you should encourage her to be imaginative like that.00|00|0
What Girls Said 3
My first thought was that i'm not even going to bother opening the link because i find it annoying22|00|0
Ur niece is on acid... Or she shuld make cartoons on tv10|10|0
But still great illustrations
Learn more
Select as Most Helpful Opinion?
You cannot undo this action. The opinion owner is going to be notified and earn 7 XPER points.


text:
Coutume Cartoon Black Butler Back Case Cover Skin for Samsung Galaxy Note 3
No disponible.
- Haz clic aquí para comprobar si este product es compatible con tu modelo
- Made with high quality hard plastic, it's durable.
- A kind of resin cover the picture, so the image will not fade or wear off
- The case only cover the back and the two sides, not the top or bottom.
- Protects your mobile phone against scratches, dirt, fingerprints and other daily damages.
- Color and Design as the main picture showing.
Es adecuado para su .
Descripción del producto
YOU DESIGN IT, WE PRODUCE IT. We can design the phone case according to the picture you provide. You can send me your own photo or the picture you want to print on the phone, i can design it for you and produce it. Pls feel free to mail me for help.
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text:
deadmau5 & Kat Von D is Dating
Electronic dance music DJ/Producer deadmau5 is dating with Hollywood tattoo artist Kat Von D! Now deadmau5 have a new girlfriend. deadmau5 is seen spending a real good time with his girlfriend and his pet cat, Professor Meowingtons. Sweet.
Source : Kat Von D FB


text:
The place for book publicity
"Gretchen and her February Media team are just all kinds of awesome—smart, kind, funny, ultra-connected, and tenacious as all get out. The thing to do here, I guess, is to list the outlets that covered or reviewed or excerpted my book—New York Times, Studio 360, Esquire, L.A. Times, The Atlantic, Pitchfork, I could go on. But beyond all that, what impressed me each day was their endless creativity and determination not just to get everything done but to get everything done right, regardless of what it takes. Also—and most importantly--they are just lovely human beings. The last goddamn thing I want to do right now is to spend another couple of years writing a book, but it would be almost worth it if I could work with Gretchen et al again."
- Jon Fine
Renowned cultural scholar and Boston University professor Susan L. Mizruchi explores the Brando that was not visible to the world in order to better understand the one that was—a Brando that was independent of the public persona and often at odds with it. This extraordinary biography will help to explain what has until now seemed contradictory, confusing, or accidental in the life and work of one of our greatest actors.
The follow up to the New York Times bestseller Stories from Candyland has even better stories to tell—about Candy Spelling's notorious rift and reconciliation with her daughter, Tori, her misadventures in dating and sex, and her new life as a producer, writer, and businesswoman.
Wellness expert Kathy Freston lets readers in on her secret: losing weight doesn't have to be difficult, and it can last. With this book she shares the powerful concept of The Lean--a radically effective approach to positive change--with a practical 30-day plan to transform your health and jump-start weight loss in the most gentle, easy, and automatic way possible.
There comes a time in every woman's life when she realizes that the dreams she had as a girl are growing farther away in the rearview mirror. What can you do to make those childhood ambitions a reality? The FabYOUList invites you along on every madcap escapade as Susan ventures outside her comfort zone and into the adventure of her life, ultimately coming face-to-face with what she discovers has been her biggest obstacle all along—herself.
Lucia Greenhouse's heartbreaking memoir perfectly captures the complex morality of a family cleaved by a demanding and rigid belief system. If you've ever been curious about growing up in a Christian Science household, this poignant memoir will touch your heart and soul.
Or navigate by category:Great Journalism | Cutting Edge Business Ideas | Edge of Your Seat Thrillers | Health & Life | Thinking Big | Great Causes | Debut Fiction | American Politics


text:
I think David's Medienkritik says it all for me.
Trump is a true radical. He has single-handedly upset most of the assumptions in Western world politics. If he did not exist we would not be able to invent him! We live in an age where it is necessary to be radical to be conservative. COVFEFE!
The 21st century Democrats are the new Fascists: Race-obsessed control freaks
The bourgeois is about to leave the historical stage. In its place will come the class of productive workers, the working class, that has been up until today oppressed. It is beginning to fulfill its political mission. It is involved in a hard and bitter struggle for political power as it seeks to become part of the national organism. The battle began in the economic realm; it will finish in the political. It is not merely a matter of pay, not only a matter of the number of hours worked in a day-though we may never forget that these are an essential, perhaps even the most significant part of the socialist platform -- but it is much more a matter of incorporating a powerful and responsible class in the state, perhaps even to make it the dominant force in the future politics of the Fatherland


text:
Studies have shown that protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs is uniquely sensitive to a physiological rise in both insulin and amino acids. Protein synthesis in cardiac muscle, skin, and spleen is responsive to insulin but not amino acid stimulation, whereas in the liver, protein synthesis responds to amino acids but not insulin. To determine the response of protein synthesis to insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in this model, overnight-fasted 7- and 26-day-old pigs were infused with IGF-I (0, 20, or 50 μg · kg−1 · h−1) to achieve levels within the physiological range, while amino acids and glucose were clamped at fasting levels. Because IGF-I infusion lowers circulating insulin levels, an additional group of high-dose IGF-I-infused pigs was also provided replacement insulin (10 ng · kg−0.66 · min−1). Tissue protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose ofl-[4-3H]phenylalanine. In 7-day-old pigs, low-dose IGF-I increased protein synthesis by 25–60% in various skeletal muscles as well as in cardiac muscle (+38%), skin (+24%), and spleen (+32%). The higher dose of IGF-I elicited no further increase in protein synthesis above that found with the low IGF-I dose. Insulin replacement did not alter the response of protein synthesis to IGF-I in any tissue. The IGF-I-induced increases in tissue protein synthesis decreased with development. IGF-I infusion, with or without insulin replacement, had no effect on protein synthesis in liver, jejunum, pancreas, or kidney. Thus the magnitude, tissue specificity, and developmental change in the response of protein synthesis to acute physiological increases in plasma IGF-I are similar to those previously observed for insulin. This study provides in vivo data indicating that circulating IGF-I and insulin act on the same signaling components to stimulate protein synthesis and that this response is highly sensitive to stimulation in skeletal muscle of the neonate.
- neonate
- insulin action
- nutrition
- translation initiation
- growth
the relative rates of growth and protein deposition, particularly in skeletal muscle, are rapid during the neonatal period and are sustained by elevated rates of protein synthesis (10, 16, 21, 52). With the advancement of development, fractional rates of growth and protein synthesis decline. During this period of rapid growth, skeletal muscle protein synthesis is uniquely sensitive to insulin and amino acids (11, 12, 14, 15, 48, 50).
Studies in the neonatal pig have shown that, when amino acids and glucose are maintained at fasting levels, a rise in circulating insulin concentrations within the physiological range increases protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, particularly in those muscles with predominantly fast-twitch, glycolytic characteristics (12,50). The infusion of physiological levels of an amino acid mixture, in the presence of fasting insulin and glucose levels, also increases protein synthesis in these same muscles (14). By contrast, protein synthesis in cardiac muscle, skin, and spleen is responsive to insulin but not amino acid stimulation, whereas other tissues are responsive to amino acids but not insulin. The developmental decline in the response of muscle protein synthesis to insulin and amino acids parallels the developmental decline in insulin receptor abundance (42), as well as the abundance of the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin, known as mTOR (31), which is important in transmitting the signal generated by both amino acids and insulin (29, 40). Because the receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) share considerable structural homology, and both insulin and IGF-I act on some of the same intracellular signaling pathways (8, 9, 34, 44), we wished to determine whether muscle protein synthesis in the neonate is also acutely sensitive to stimulation by IGF-I and whether the response is developmentally regulated.
Stimulatory effects of acute IGF-I infusion in vivo and in situ have been observed in some (2, 24, 47) but not all (4,37) studies. For example, short-term infusion of IGF-I in adult mice increased protein synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles, although not in other tissues (2). By contrast, acute IGF-I infusion had no effect on hindlimb protein synthesis in the fetal lamb (4). Differing results among studies may indicate developmental regulation of the anabolic action of IGF-I or may be attributable to methodological differences. Importantly, both hormone and substrate status have not been maintained concurrently in any previously reported study in which the effect of IGF-I on protein synthesis has been determined, and an IGF-I-stimulated fall in insulin, amino acids, and/or glucose could limit the ability of IGF-I to stimulate protein synthesis.
The aim of this study was to determine whether an acute infusion of IGF-I to raise circulating levels within physiological limits can also stimulate protein synthesis in the neonatal pig. During the infusion of IGF-I, amino acids and glucose were clamped at fasting levels to maintain substrate concentration, as in our previous insulin infusion studies (12, 50). Because the neonatal pig is uniquely sensitive to the anabolic effects of insulin (12,14), an additional group of IGF-I-infused pigs was provided replacement insulin so as to determine whether the effects of IGF-I on protein synthesis are independent of insulin concentration. Herein, we compared the effects of acute changes in IGF-I on protein synthesis in three skeletal muscles that differ in their metabolic properties with the effects of IGF-I on protein synthesis in a variety of other tissues. We also examined whether the response to IGF-I changes with development.
Animals and surgery.
Multiparous crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace × Hampshire × Duroc) sows (n = 4; Agriculture Headquarters, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Huntsville, TX) were housed in lactation crates in individual, environmentally controlled rooms and maintained on a commercial diet (5084, PMI Feeds, Richmond, IN) throughout a 28-day lactation period. Sows delivered 8–11 piglets, and these remained with the sows and were not given supplemental creep feed. Piglets were studied at 7 (2.2 ± 0.1 kg;n = 17) and at 26 days of age (7.2 ± 0.3 kg;n = 22). Three to five days before the infusion studies, pigs were anesthetized, and catheters were inserted into a jugular vein and a carotid artery (49). Piglets were returned to the sow until studied. The protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Baylor College of Medicine. The study was conducted in accordance with the National Research Council'sGuide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
Pigs were fasted overnight with free access to water. The following morning, pigs were placed unanesthetized in a sling restraint system. Piglets within each litter were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) control, 2) low IGF-I,3) high IGF-I, and 4) high IGF-I plus insulin replacement. During a 30-min basal period, blood samples were obtained and immediately analyzed for glucose (YSI 2300 STAT Plus, Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH) to establish the average basal concentration of blood glucose that needed to be maintained for euglycemia during the IGF-I infusion period (20). Plasma samples were analyzed for total branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) by use of a rapid enzymatic kinetic assay (3) to establish the average basal concentration of BCAA that needed to be maintained for euaminoacidemia during the IGF-I infusion period. The IGF-I infusions were initiated with a primed, constant (12 ml/h) infusion of recombinant human IGF-I (Genentech, San Francisco, CA) at 0, 20, or 50 μg · kg−1 · h−1. Because IGF-I infusion can lower circulating insulin concentrations, replacement insulin was provided (10 ng · kg−0.66 · min−1) in a group of pigs infused with the high IGF-I dose. Venous blood samples (0.2 ml) were acquired every 5 min and immediately analyzed for BCAA and glucose concentrations. The infusion rate of dextrose (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL) was adjusted as necessary to maintain blood glucose concentration within ±10% of the average basal concentration. Euaminoacidemia was obtained by adjusting the infusion rate of an amino acid mixture (see next paragraph) to maintain the plasma BCAA concentration within ±10% of the fasting level. Blood samples were collected hourly for the determination of plasma IGF-I, insulin, and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations.
The composition of the amino acid mixture (14) was based on the amino acid composition of body protein (18) and the changes in plasma amino acid concentrations when TrophAmine 10% (McGaw, Irvine, CA) was infused during previous hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamp studies (12,49, 50). The new amino acid mixture contained (in mM) arginine (20.1), histidine (12.9), isoleucine (28.6), leucine (34.3), lysine (27.4), methionine (10.1), phenylalanine (12.1), threonine (21.0), tryptophan (4.4), valine (34.1), alanine (27.3; 38% provided as alanyl-glutamine), aspartate (12.0), cysteine (6.2), glutamate (23.8), glutamine (17.1; 100% provided as alanyl-glutamine), glycine (54.3; 4% provided as glycyl-tyrosine), proline (34.8), serine (23.8), taurine (2.0), and tyrosine (7.2; 83% provided as glycyl-tyrosine).
Tissue protein synthesis in vivo.
Fractional rates of protein synthesis were measured with a flooding dose of l-[4-3H]phenylalanine (25) injected 3.5 h after the initiation of the clamp. Blood samples were taken at 5, 15, and 30 min after the injection for measurement of the specific radioactivity of the extracellular free pool of phenylalanine. Pigs were killed at 4 h after the initiation of the clamp. Samples of longissimus dorsi (from approximately the 10th thoracic to the 1st lumbar vertebra), gastrocnemius (the entire belly portion), masseter (all), and cardiac (left ventricular wall) muscles and skin, liver, jejunum, pancreas, kidney, and spleen were collected, rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −70°C. Total protein was isolated from all tissues sampled. The specific radioactivities of the protein hydrolysates, homogenate supernatants, and blood supernatants were determined as previously described (16).
Plasma insulin and amino acids.
Plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations were measured using a porcine insulin radioimmunoassay kit (Linco, St. Louis, MO). Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured with a high-performance liquid chromatography method (PICO-TAG reverse-phase column, Waters, Milford, MA), as previously described (17). Blood glucose concentrations were rapidly analyzed during the infusion period with a glucose oxidase reaction (YSI 2300 STAT Plus, Yellow Springs Instruments). Plasma total IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were measured using immunoradiometric assay kits (Diagnostic System Laboratories, Webster, TX).
Calculations and statistics.
Fractional rates of protein synthesis (K s; percentage of protein mass synthesized in a day) were calculated as where Sb is the specific radioactivity of the protein-bound phenylalanine, Sa is the specific radioactivity of the tissue-free phenylalanine for the labeling period determined from the value of the animal at the time of the tissue collection, corrected by the linear regression of the blood specific radioactivity of the animal against time, and t is the time of labeling in minutes. We have demonstrated that, after a flooding dose of phenylalanine is administered, the specific radioactivity of tissue free phenylalanine is in equilibrium with the amino-acyl tRNA specific radioactivity, and therefore the tissue free phenylalanine is a valid measure of the tissue precursor pool specific radioactivity (15).
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures by use of a general linear model (MINITAB, version 12.21, State College, PA) was used to assess the effect of IGF-I dose, animal age, and their interaction on tissue protein synthesis and amino acid and glucose disposal. The effect of insulin replacement and age was evaluated by two-way ANOVA. When significant interactions were detected, the value in each treatment group for each age was compared with the control value by use of t-tests. To determine the effectiveness of the clamp procedure, individual amino acid, glucose, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and insulin concentrations in each treatment group were compared with their basal concentrations by use of t-tests. Differences ofP < 0.05 were considered statistically significant for all comparisons except those for plasma amino acid concentrations. Because there was an increased probability that one of the 22 amino acid comparisons in each of the four treatment groups would be significantly different among groups by random chance, a more conservative statistical approach for amino acid comparisons was used; therefore, probability values of <0.01 were considered statistically different. Results are presented as means ± SE.
Our previous studies showed that, in both 7- and 26-day-old pigs, circulating IGF-I concentrations are doubled by feeding (10). In the current study, 7- and 26-day-old pigs were fasted overnight and infused with a low dose of IGF-I to raise circulating IGF-I concentrations ∼75% and a high dose of IGF-I to raise circulating IGF-I concentrations ∼150% (Table1). As we have found previously (10), the fasting IGF-I concentration, as well as the increase in IGF-I levels brought about by IGF infusion in 7-day-old pigs, was about one-half of that in 26-day-old pigs (P< 0.01). The replacement dose of insulin restored the insulin concentrations to values similar to those of control pigs. Circulating IGFBP-3 concentrations were unaffected by IGF-I infusion (P > 0.05) but increased with age (P< 0.01). By design, the plasma glucose concentrations were maintained at basal fasting levels during the infusion of IGF-I.
Circulating essential and nonessential amino acid concentrations in control and IGF-I-infused 7- and 26-day-old pigs are compared with baseline (time 0) values in Figs.1 and 2. During the 4-h saline infusion period in control pigs, plasma amino acid concentrations remained stable except for reductions in valine and/or alanine (P < 0.01). The circulating concentrations of both nonessential and essential amino acids were maintained largely at the fasting level in the three IGF-I infusion groups. The exceptions were elevations in arginine, histidine, and/or isoleucine and reductions in alanine, asparagine, and/or tyrosine in some groups (P < 0.01).
Figure 3 shows the net whole body amino acid and glucose disposal rates, as indicated by the amino acid and glucose infusion rates during the last hour of the infusion period. There was no necessity to infuse amino acids in the control group. IGF-I infusion increased both amino acid and glucose disposal rates (P < 0.01). IGF-I-stimulated amino acid disposal rates were unaffected by age, but IGF-I-stimulated glucose disposal rates were lower in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs (P < 0.01). Insulin replacement increased glucose and amino acid disposal in 7- but not in 26-day-old pigs (P < 0.05).
Tissue protein synthesis.
K s values in skeletal muscles with different metabolic properties of 7- and 26-day-old pigs are shown in Fig.4. K s values in all skeletal muscles were higher in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs (P < 0.001). In 7-day-old pigs, low-dose IGF-I infusion increased protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius, and masseter muscles by 54, 60, and 25%, respectively (P < 0.005). Infusion of the high IGF-I dose in 7-day-old pigs increased protein synthesis in the three muscles by 69, 79, and 45%, respectively (P < 0.005), and this response to high IGF-I did not differ significantly from that to low IGF-I (P > 0.05). In the presence of insulin replacement, a high IGF-I infusion rate increased protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi, gastrocnemius, and masseter muscles in 7-day-old pigs by 71, 75, and 40%, respectively, compared with controls (P < 0.01). Skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates did not differ between high-dose IGF-I with insulin replacement and high-dose IGF-I without insulin replacement (P > 0.05).
The stimulation of protein synthesis by IGF-I in all skeletal muscles was greater in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs (P < 0.01; Fig. 4). In 26-day-old pigs, low-dose IGF-I infusion increased protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi and gastrocnemius muscles by 26 and 40%, respectively (P < 0.05), although not significantly in masseter muscle. Infusion of the high IGF-I dose in 26-day-old pigs increased protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi and masseter muscles by 19 and 29%, respectively (P < 0.05), although not significantly in gastrocnemius muscle. In the presence of insulin replacement, a high IGF-I infusion rate increased protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi and masseter muscles in 26-day-old pigs by 12 and 22%, respectively, compared with controls (P < 0.05).
K s values in cardiac muscle, skin, and spleen were higher in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs (P < 0.01; Fig. 5). In 7-day-old pigs, protein synthesis in cardiac muscle, skin, and spleen was increased (P < 0.05) by the infusion of low-dose IGF-I (38, 24, and 32%, respectively) and high-dose IGF-I (37, 32, and 47%, respectively); these responses did not differ significantly between doses (P > 0.05). In 26-day-old pigs, a high dose of IGF-I, in the presence of hypoinsulinemia and in the presence of euinsulinemia, stimulated protein synthesis in cardiac muscle by 21 and 25%, respectively (P < 0.05), but had no effect (P > 0.05) on protein synthesis in skin and spleen.
K s values in liver, but not jejunum, pancreas, or kidney, were higher in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs (P < 0.05; Fig. 6). IGF-I infusion did not alter protein synthesis in the liver, jejunum, pancreas, or kidney at either age (P > 0.05). Insulin replacement had no effect on protein synthesis in these tissues (P > 0.05).
Previous studies in the neonatal pig have shown marked and consistent tissue-related differences in the response of protein synthesis to insulin and amino acids (12, 14, 50). Specifically, protein synthesis in the liver responds to amino acids but not to insulin, whereas in cardiac muscle, skin, and spleen, protein synthesis responds to insulin but not to amino acids. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis is uniquely sensitive to both insulin and amino acids. Because insulin and IGF-I share common signaling pathways, in the current study we wished to determine whether skeletal muscle protein synthesis is also sensitive to the infusion of physiological levels of IGF-I. We found that the pattern of responsiveness to insulin was mimicked by that to IGF-I, inasmuch as IGF-I infusion increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, skin, and spleen but had no effect on protein synthesis in liver, jejunum, kidney, or pancreas. The developmental decline in insulin responsiveness that we have identified in previous work was also found with IGF-I stimulation of tissue protein synthesis. Reversing the suppressive effect of IGF-I infusion on insulin levels did not alter the magnitude of the response.
Some (2, 23, 24, 47) but not all (4, 37, 38) studies have demonstrated an anabolic effect of acute IGF-I infusion on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. The lack of effect of IGF-I on muscle protein synthesis in some studies does not appear to be dependent on IGF-I dose, as three- to fivefold increases in circulating IGF-I concentrations have been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis by ∼50% in some studies (2, 23) but not in others (4, 38). In the current study, a 50% increase in muscle protein synthesis was elicited by an increase in circulating IGF-I concentrations of only 50%, suggesting that muscle protein synthesis in the neonate is acutely sensitive to the anabolic effects of IGF-I.
An important consideration in evaluating the anabolic effects of IGF-I is that of substrate availability and hormonal status, which ideally should remain constant during the IGF-I treatment period so that the independent effects of IGF-I can be ascertained. IGF-I promotes glucose and amino acid uptake and inhibits insulin secretion (28). Reductions in circulating concentrations of glucose (24,38), amino acids (4, 24, 30, 37, 51), and insulin (2, 4, 24, 30, 37, 38, 51) have been described in nearly all IGF-I infusion studies, and these changes do not appear to be dependent on age or species, although the responses may be blunted at very low IGF-I doses. Moreover, the circulating levels of glucose, amino acids, and insulin have not been maintained concurrently in any previously reported study in which protein synthesis has been measured, and the IGF-I-stimulated fall in amino acids, insulin, and/or glucose could limit the ability of IGF-I to stimulate protein synthesis. In a study conducted in mature rats, IGF-I infusion had no effect on muscle protein synthesis except when the rats were infused with either replacement amino acids or replacement insulin (30). However, in that study, IGF-I infusion with insulin replacement lowered circulating amino acid concentrations, and IGF-I infusion with amino acid replacement lowered plasma insulin levels and raised the concentration of some amino acids.
In the current study, amino acids and glucose were maintained at the fasting level during the infusion of low and high doses of IGF-I, similar to our previous insulin infusion studies (12, 14,50). We found that the magnitude of the stimulation of protein synthesis by the infusion of physiological doses of IGF-I differed between muscles and that the responses were greater in muscles that exhibit glycolytic compared with oxidative properties, an effect that is similar to the response to insulin infusion in neonatal pigs (12) and IGF-I in adult mice (2). IGF-I infusion also stimulated protein synthesis in skin and spleen, an effect that was similar to our findings with regard to insulin in a previously reported study (14). In the youngest pigs, protein synthesis rates in skeletal and cardiac muscles, skin, and spleen were stimulated at both the low and the high doses of IGF-I, with no additional effect at the higher dose of IGF-I.
The stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles, when expressed both in absolute terms and in terms of percentage increases and in response to both low and high doses of IGF-I, like the response to insulin (12, 14), was blunted and more variable in the older pigs. By contrast, IGF-I infusion stimulated protein synthesis in the skin and spleen of 7- but not 26-day-old pigs, consistent with our previously reported findings on the effects of insulin in neonatal pigs (14) and the lack of effect of IGF-I in mature mice (2) in these tissues. The stimulatory effect of IGF-I on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle in the 7-day-old pig, and the developmental decline in this response during the suckling period, contrast with the lack of effect of IGF-I on protein synthesis in the hindlimb of the fetal lamb (4). Amino acids play an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis in young, adult, and elderly populations (11, 14, 35,46, 48), and thus the decline in circulating amino acids in the fetal lamb infused with IGF-I (4) may have limited any potential change in protein synthesis.
Because the neonatal pig is highly sensitive to the anabolic effects of insulin (12), in the current study an additional group of high-dose IGF-I-infused pigs was provided replacement insulin (as well as replacement glucose and amino acids) to determine the effect of IGF-I on protein synthesis independent of changes in insulin. We found that the infusion of IGF-I, in the presence of euinsulinemia, stimulated protein synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscles, skin, and spleen of 7-day-old pigs, and that the rate of protein synthesis achieved did not differ from that in the presence of hypoinsulinemia. The lack of effect of euinsulinemia compared with hypoinsulinemia, in the presence of an elevation in IGF-I levels, on muscle protein synthesis could indicate that basal fasting insulin levels have no effect on muscle protein synthesis and that higher insulin levels are required to elicit a response. An alternative explanation is that maximum rates of protein synthesis were achieved by IGF-I infusion in this model, and that provision of insulin, albeit at the replacement level, had no further effect. In addition, the ability of IGF-I to stimulate protein synthesis in the presence of either hypoinsulinemia or euinsulinemia suggests that insulin is not required for the stimulation of protein synthesis by IGF-I in the neonate.
The results also indicate that the IGF-I-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis was not associated with any change in the binding protein IGFBP-3, which can bind to the IGF-I receptor and limit the effect of IGF-I (36). Recently, circulating IGFBP-3 levels were shown to increase in the fetal sheep during an infusion of IGF-I in which circulating amino acid concentrations were maintained at the fasting level with our amino acid clamp technique (41). However, the rise in circulating IGF-I concentrations was much higher and the length of infusion was longer in that study than in the current study, and protein synthesis rates were not determined.
It perhaps is not surprising that the tissue specificity and the responsiveness of protein synthesis to IGF-I infusion in the neonatal pig are similar to those for insulin. The receptors for both IGF-I and insulin share considerable homology of structure and function (8,34, 44) and are abundant in skeletal muscle of the neonatal animal (39, 42). Hybrid insulin-IGF-I receptors are also expressed in a number of tissues, and these receptors bind to and are activated by both IGF-I and insulin (1). Preliminary data from our laboratory indicate that these hybrid receptors are present in skeletal muscle of the neonatal pig (A. Suryawan and T. A. Davis, unpublished data). Insulin and IGF-I act on some of the same intracellular signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and this pathway has been implicated in the regulation of protein synthesis by IGF-I and insulin (9,42). Both insulin and IGF-I have been shown to stimulate protein synthesis in the perfused hindlimb of mature rats by increasing the amount of the active eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) complex, eIF4E · eIF4G, that regulates the binding of mRNA to the ribosome (33, 47), similar to our recently reported findings on the effects of feeding in the neonatal pig (19, 31,32).
Although evidence from current and previous studies (12, 14,50) shows commonality in the protein synthetic response to insulin and IGF-I, the results also suggest divergence in the response of other metabolic processes. Previous studies showed a marked developmental decline in the ability of insulin to stimulate amino acid disposal at the whole body level (49), but the results of the current study suggest that IGF-I-stimulated whole body amino acid disposal does not change with development. Because net amino acid disposal in this model represents the balance between whole body protein synthesis and degradation, this suggests that the developmental regulation of protein degradation by insulin and IGF-I may differ. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal changes little during early postnatal development (12, 14). By contrast, IGF-I-stimulated glucose disposal in the current study increased with development, consistent with the lack of effect of IGF-I infusion on glucose uptake in the hindlimb of the fetal lamb (4) and the stimulation of glucose uptake by IGF-I in the forearm of the adult human (24). This suggests that the developmental regulation of glucose uptake by insulin and IGF-I may also differ.
The results of the current study demonstrate that exogenous provision of IGF-I stimulates muscle protein synthesis in the neonate, similar to the response to insulin in our previously reported studies (12,14, 50). In these studies, IGF-I and insulin were infused at doses that reproduce circulating levels in the fed state, and this resulted in the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis to rates normally present in the fed state. Although this suggests that both IGF-I and insulin play a role in the feeding-induced stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, we think that this is unlikely for the following reasons. First, the rise in circulating IGF-I concentrations after feeding is not immediate (5, 10, 27, 43), in contrast to the rapid increase in both insulin levels and muscle protein synthesis rates after a meal in the neonate (17,10). Second, the postprandial changes in muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs are positively correlated with changes in circulating insulin, but not IGF-I, concentrations (6, 11,13). Third, with development, circulating IGF-I levels increase, whereas skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates decrease (10).
Thus it appears that exogenous provision of IGF-I stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and other insulin-sensitive tissues in the neonate, because IGF-I acts on the same signaling pathway as insulin that leads to translation initiation (9, 31, 33, 47), and which we have shown to be highly sensitive to stimulation in the neonate (19, 31, 32, 42). However, given the delayed responsiveness of IGF-I to feeding, unlike insulin, it cannot be a physiologically significant regulator of the feeding-induced stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the assimilation of nutrients after eating in the neonate. Nonetheless, this does not negate the potential role of IGF-I as a long-term regulator of growth, as has been suggested by others (5, 22, 45), or the potential usefulness of IGF-I as an anabolic agent in a variety of clinical conditions in which protein deposition is reduced (7).
We thank W. Liu, J. Rosenberger, J. Henry, and X. Chang for technical assistance, J. Cunningham and F. Biggs for care of the animals, E. O. Smith for statistical assistance, L. Loddeke for editorial assistance, A. Gillum for graphics, and J. Croom for secretarial assistance. We thank Genentech for the generous donation of IGF-I, and Eli Lilly for the generous donation of porcine insulin.
This work is a publication of the USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. This project has been funded in part by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Institute Grant R01 AR-44474 and the US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement number 58–6250–6-001. This research was also supported in part by National Institutes of Health Training Grant T32 HD-07445. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government.
Present address of P. J. Reeds: University of Illinois, Department of Animal Sciences, 1207 W. Gregory, Room 432, Urbana, IL 61801. Present address of R. Vann: CMREC, Mississippi State University, 1320 Seven Springs Rd., Raymond, MS 39154.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: T. A. Davis, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030 (E-mail:tdavis{at}bcm.tmc.edu).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
May 28, 2002;10.1152/ajpendo.00081.2002
- Copyright © 2002 the American Physiological Society


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Stephen Colbert has dedicated quite a bit of time over the past year to mocking Donald Trump's run for the White House. So, it should come as no surprise that Colbert's attempted explanation of the media "conspiracy" to rig the election ended up as yet another joke at Trump's expense.
On Monday night's episode of CBS' The Late Show, Colbert dove into Trump's repeated claims that the media is rigging the election in favor of Democrat Hillary Clinton. "Trump has Tweeted multiple times about the media rigging the election, and he's right," Colbert said during his monologue last night. "From Day One, the media has rigged this election . . . in favor of Donald Trump! You cannot turn on the TV without seeing Trump—he's like the Geico Gecko, but more cartoonish."
Colbert pointed to analysts' estimates that Trump has received nearly $3 billion worth of free advertising from his constant presence in the news and the media's habit of airing his rallies and speeches live. Still, Trump has claimed that the recent spate of sexual assault accusations against him are products of a biased media giving a national platform to what he argues are baseless allegations in order to help his opponent.
Trump has also peddled conspiracy theories involving Clinton meeting with foreign leaders and global banks toward nefarious ends, which Colbert highlighted by playing a video clip showing the GOP nominee claiming that "Hillary Clinton meets in secret with international banks to plot the destruction of U.S. sovereignty." The late-night comedian then brought out what he called an "International Conspiracy Board," a chalk board on which Colbert had written phrases such as "Media," "WikiLeaks," "Clinton Machine," and "Donald Trump."
Watch the segment, here:
"This supposed sex scandal can all be explained with this venn diagram," Colbert said as he drew a series of circles and lines around the phrases on the board, purporting to show connections between the Clinton campaign, international banks, and the growing list of accusations against Trump.
But, of course, that's where the big joke presented itself: within a few seconds, the "diagram" came to resemble a cartoon sketch of male genitalia, which CBS thankfully blurred out. "Oh my God," Colbert exclaimed. "The plot to make him look like a sexual harasser is coming from inside Donald Trump's penis!"


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