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29 Dec The Art of Lying in Bed | Artist Podcasts
Podcast Transcript: Welcome to the Inspirational Living podcast, brought to you in part by Book of Zen, makers of wearable inspiration for a better world. Today's podcast has been edited and adapted from the essay entitled "On Lying in Bed" by G.K. Chesterton, published in 1909…
Lying in bed would be an altogether perfect and supreme experience, if only one had a colored pencil long enough to draw on the ceiling. This, however, is not generally a part of the domestic apparatus. I have fancied that it might be accomplished with several buckets of paint and a broom. But if one worked in a really sweeping and masterly way, and laid on the color in great washes, it might drip down again on one's face in floods of rich and mingled color like some strange fairy rain; and that would have its disadvantages. I am afraid it is necessary to stick to pencil drawing for this form of artistic expression.
To that purpose, a white ceiling is of the greatest possible use; in fact, it is the only use I can think of a white ceiling being put to. And but for my beautiful experiment of lying in bed, I might never have discovered it. For years I have been looking for some blank spaces in a modern house to draw on. Paper is much too small for any really allegorical design; as Cyrano de Bergerac says, "Il me faut des géants" (I need giants).
But when I tried to find these clear spaces in the modern rooms such as we all live in, I was continually disappointed. I found endless patterns and complications in the form of small objects, hung like a curtain of links between me and my desire. So many walls were already covered with wallpaper—hideous paper filled with uninteresting images, and all bearing a ridiculous resemblance to each other.
I could not understand why one arbitrary symbol (a symbol entirely devoid of any spiritual or philosophical significance) should be sprinkled all over my nice walls like a sort of small-pox. The Bible must be referring to wallpaper, I think, when it says, "Use not vain repetitions, as the Gentiles do." Everywhere that I went forlornly, with my pencil or my paint brush, I found that others had unaccountably been there before me, spoiling the walls, the curtains, and the furniture with their childish and barbaric designs.
Nowhere did I find a really clear space for sketching until the occasion when I prolonged beyond the proper limit the process of lying on my back in bed. Then the light of that white heaven broke upon my vision, that breadth of mere white which is indeed almost the definition of Paradise, since it means purity and also freedom. But alas! like all heavens, now that it is seen, it is found to be unattainable, appearing more austere and distant than the blue sky outside the windows.
My proposal to paint on the ceiling with the bristly end of a broom was immediately discouraged—never mind by whom—and even my minor proposal to put the other end of the broom into the fireplace and turn it to charcoal was rebuffed. Yet, I am certain that it was from people such as me that all the original inspiration came for covering the ceilings of palaces and cathedrals with a riot of fallen angels or victorious gods. I am sure that it was only because Michelangelo was engaged in the ancient and honorable occupation of lying in bed that he ever realized how the roof of the Sistine Chapel might be made into an awful imitation of a divine drama that could only be acted in the heavens.
The tone NOW commonly taken toward the practice of lying in bed is hypocritical and unhealthy. Of all the marks of modernity that seem to mean a kind of decadence, there is none more menacing and dangerous than the exultation of very small and secondary matters of conduct, at the expense of very great and primary ones, including our tragic human morality.
If there is one thing worse than the modern weakening of major morals, it is the modern strengthening of minor morals. This is especially so, in matters of hygiene and personal health; notably such matters as lying in bed. Instead of being regarded, as it ought to be, as a matter of personal convenience and temperament, it has come to be regarded as if it were a part of essential morals to get up early in the morning—but there is nothing good about it or bad about its opposite.
Misers get up early in the morning; and burglars, I am informed, get up the night before. It is the great peril of our society that all its mechanisms may grow more fixed, while its spirit grows more fickle. A person's minor actions and arrangements ought to be free, flexible, creative. The things that should be unchangeable are our principles, our ideals. But with us the reverse is true; our views change constantly; but our lunch habits stay the same.
I should like all men and women to have strong and rooted principles, but as for their lunch, let them have it sometimes in the garden, sometimes in bed, sometimes on the roof, sometimes in the top of a tree. Let them argue from the same first principles, but let them do it in a bed, or a boat, or a balloon. This alarming growth of good habits really means too great an emphasis on those virtues which mere custom can ensure and too little emphasis on virtues which custom can never quite ensure—like those sudden and splendid virtues of inspired sympathy or inspired candor. The kind of which we now so often fail at when called.
Anyone can get used to getting up at five o'clock in the morning. But few can very well get used to being pilloried for their opinions; the first experiment is commonly fatal. Let us pay a little more attention to the possibilities of the heroic and unexpected—and dare to say when we finally get out of bed, "I shall do some deed of an almost terrible virtue."
For those who study the great art of lying in bed, there is one emphatic caution to be added. Even for those who can do their work in bed (like journalists), still more for those whose work cannot be done in bed (such as professional trapeze artists), it is obvious that the indulgence must be very occasional. But that is not the caution I mean.
The caution is this: if you do lie in bed, be sure you do it without any reason or justification at all. I do not speak, of course, of the seriously sick. But if a healthy person lies in bed, let them do it without a shred of an excuse; then you will get up from your repose as a healthy man or healthy woman. If you do it for some secondary hygienic reason, or if you have some scientific explanation for it, then you will get up as a hypochondriac.
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Yahoo confirms hack, roughly 500 million email accounts breached
Date: Friday, September 23rd, 2016, 05:51
Category: Hack, Legal, News, security
In the annals of hacks and breaches, this is pretty epic.
Yahoo confirmed on Thursday data "associated with at least 500 million user accounts" have been stolen in what may be one of the largest cybersecurity breaches ever.
The company said it believes a "state-sponsored actor" was behind the data breach, meaning an individual acting on behalf of a government. The breach is said to have occurred in late 2014.
"The account information may have included names, email addresses, telephone numbers, dates of birth, hashed passwords (the vast majority with bcrypt) and, in some cases, encrypted or unencrypted security questions and answers," Yahoo said in a statement.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Datsun redi-GO was quick to gain attention in India since launch, and the attention gained by the entry-level car has been positive and negative.
As per latest news, the carmaker is now under the scanner of the Consumer Complaint Council (CCC) of Advertising Standards Council of India (ASIC), for a 'misleading ad'.
In an advertisement, Datsun says that the entry-level redi-GO is priced at Rs 2.39 lakh. The ad regulator however, says this is misleading.
The regulator said, "The Datsun redi-Go advertisement is misleading by implication. The advertisement's claim, 'Datsun redi-GO starting from Rs 2.39 lakh' was not substantiated with supporting evidence of genuine customers who have availed of this offer."
ASIC said mails have been sent to Nissan India (Datsun's parent company) about the carmaker's misleading ad and there has been reply yet.


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- For the Dark Souls variant, see Sorcerer Cloak.
The Old Sorcerer Coat is a chest armor in Dark Souls III. It is part of the Old Sorcerer Set.
In-Game Description
- Traditional attire worn by sorcerers of the Vinheim Dragon School.
- Long ago, sorcerers were said to always dress properly, even while on distant journeys of discovery, even before such journeys were established curriculum.
Located in a cell in the Irithyll Dungeon.


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"Lasagna lover. Perfect for lasagna and everything else you love." Rachael Ray
- Multiple use stoneware - dishwasher, microwave, freezer safe and oven safe to 500 degrees F for convenience and versatility
- Contemporary design - Contemporary, playful shape in a vibrant and fun color goes directly from oven to table,the shallow sides result in crunchy tops for each serving
- Wide handles-extra wide handle holes allow you to remove the stoneware from the oven even with bulky pot holders
- The glazed interior is nonporous so foods won't interact


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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can potentially cure some hematological malignancies, patients who undergo HSCT experience psychological distress. However, there have been few studies on the short-term influence of HSCT on psychological distress.
The subjects were 71 patients with hematological malignancies who underwent HSCT: 33 with acute leukemia, 19 with chronic leukemia, nine with myelodysplastic syndrome, and 10 with malignant lymphoma. Psychological distress was assessed prior to HSCT and on the seventh day after HSCT using the Profile of Mood States (POMS).
With regard to Anger-Hostility, the interaction of time (pre- and post-HSCT) and group (the four groups) was significant in male patients (p = 0.04), but not in female patients. With regard to the other subscales of POMS, there was no significant main effect or interaction in male or female patients.
It may be important to provide psychological support to patients throughout the period of HSCT in consideration of differences in mood changes associated with the underlying disease and patient sex in order to provide efficient psychiatric intervention for both better psychiatric and survival outcomes.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an alternative to conventional treatment for patients with hematological malignancies and can potentially cure several malignant diseases. However, about one-third to two-thirds of patients treated with allogeneic HSCT die due to a relapse of the disease or from procedure-related complications such as organ damage and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) [1,2]. As such, HSCT is associated with life-threatening physical morbidity. In addition, patients undergoing HSCT are obligated to stay in a germ-free ward for several weeks where they suffer from social isolation. They also have to wait at least two or three weeks until the success of the HSCT procedure becomes evident, which can influence their psychological state [3].
It has previously been reported that psychological distress after allogeneic HSCT may vary with the underlying disease due to differences in chemotherapies prior to HSCT[4,5]. In addition, although there have been some studies on the psychosocial impact of HSCT on patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, most of them investigated comparatively long-term influence [6,7] although Hjermstad et al. [8] reported the course of anxiety and depression in HSCT patients from two weeks to one year after HSCT.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the short-term changes of psychological distress induced by allogeneic HSCT before the advent of successful engraftment in adult Japanese patients with various underlying diseases.
Subjects were patients with hematological malignancies who underwent HSCT at The University of Tokyo Hospital. The inclusion criteria were as follows: a) at least 18 years of age; b) a diagnosis of either acute or chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), or malignant lymphoma; and c) received allogeneic HSCT between September 1996 and April 2006 at The University of Tokyo Hospital. Patients were asked to complete the Profile of Mood States (POMS) [9] twice – once before entering the germ-free ward and a second time on the seventh day after HSCT. After HSCT, the waiting period for successful engraftment is at least two or three weeks. Therefore, we chose the 7th day as the post-HSCT assessment point to investigate mood states at a time well before the success of the engraftment became evident. POMS consisted of the following six subscales: Tension-Anxiety, Depression, Anger-Hostility, Vigor, Fatigue, and Confusion. The mean scores (SD) of Tension-Anxiety, Depression, Anger-Hostility, Vigor, Fatigue, and Confusion for men in the Japanese general population (n = 3154) are 12.0 (6.3), 9.9 (9.8), 10.8 (8.2), 14.2 (6.1), 9.3 (6.2), 8.6 (4.7), respectively while those for women in the Japanese general population (n = 2423) are 12.1 (7.1), 10.9 (10.6), 10.9 (8.8), 13.3 (6.2), 10.2 (6.6), 8.7 (4.8), respectively [9].
Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare temporal changes of each subscale of POMS among four groups: Acute leukemia, chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and malignant lymphoma). We separately analyzed male and female patients because Andorykowski et al. [6] reported that the influence of HSCT on psychological status was different between men and women. Age was also compared among the four groups using ANOVA.
All the procedures and materials were approved by the institutional review board of the University of Tokyo and informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
Seventy-one out of 200 eligible patients completed POMS twice. Male patients consisted of 22 with acute leukemia (of 64 eligible), 11 with chronic leukemia (of 24 eligible), six with MDS (of 22 eligible), and six malignant lymphoma patients (of 14 eligible). Female patients consisted of 11 with acute leukemia (of 38 eligible), eight with chronic leukemia (of 18 eligible), three with MDS (of five eligible) and four lymphoma patients (of 15 eligible). There was no significant difference in age among the four male groups (mean ± SD years: acute leukemia, 37.0 ± 11.9; chronic leukemia, 35.6 ± 10.4; MDS, 45.2 ± 10.0; malignant lymphoma, 39.7 ± 13.8) or in the female group (mean ± SD years: acute leukemia, 29.6 ± 10.4; chronic leukemia, 42.8 ± 12.6; MDS, 31.0 ± 7.0; malignant lymphoma, 35.5 ± 16.1).
With regard to Anger-Hostility, the time × group interaction was significant in male patients (p = 0.04) although mean scores were lower than the mean + SD score for Anger-Hostility for men in the Japanese general population, while there was no significant effect for female patients (Figure (Figure1).1). As shown in Figure Figure1,1, Anger-Hostility scores in the male MDS and malignant lymphoma groups worsened, whereas there was no change in the other two groups. With regard to the other subscales of POMS, there was no significant main effect or interaction for male or female patients.
Contrary to the previous study [4], Anger-Hostility scores in the chronic leukemia group did not worsen compared to the other groups. The reason for this discrepancy might be that many chronic leukemia patients in the present study had undergone intensive chemotherapy before HSCT due to blastic crisis or acute exacerbation.
In the present study, the Anger-Hostility scores of patients with MDS, who had not undergone intensive chemotherapy, worsened after HSCT. Examples of Anger-Hostility might include unfocused anger such as "Why is this happening to me?" This result is consistent with a previously reported study [4] where patients with chronic leukemia felt more distress than those with acute leukemia because many of the patients with chronic leukemia had not gone through intensive chemotherapy. Future studies are needed to investigate the reason for the temporal pattern of change in Anger-Hostility scores in patients with malignant lymphoma.
In the present study, the time × group interaction in Anger-Hostility was significant for male patients but not for female patients. There have been few studies on the influence of gender on psychological states after HSCT. One study by Sasaki et al. [10] reported that being female was one of the risk factors for developing mental disturbances during isolation. The reason for this difference in results concerning gender effects on psychological states after HSCT compared to the previous study is not clear because the time of the assessment was not the same in the two studies. Therefore, further prospective studies are needed to investigate the influence of gender on the psychological state after HSCT.
In the present study we observed a significant interaction of time (pre- and post-HSCT) and group (the four groups) in Anger-Hostility (p = 0.04) but not in Tension-Anxiety or in Depression. These results may partly be due to the time of the second assessment (one week after HSCT) of psychological distress. Hjermstad et al. [8] reported that depressive mood peaked two to four weeks after HSCT and that anxiety gradually decreased four weeks after HSCT. However, further studies are needed to investigate prospective changes in anger or hostility because there has been no study on anger or hostility after HSCT.
There are some limitations in the present study. First, the sample sizes of some groups were small, especially for female patients, thus we could not detect differences among the groups. Second, many potential subjects who were eligible did not participate. Finally, some factors that might influence psychosocial variables, such as family function [11,12], the presence of a spouse [11] and physical functioning [13,14] were not controlled or investigated.
In conclusion, it may be important to support patients throughout the period of HSCT with consideration to differences in mood changes that are associated with the underlying disease and patient sex. Because there have been studies that address mental disorders during HSCT [10] and the effect on transplant outcomes of early psychological distress [8], further studies on the influence of factors such as gender, psychosocial factors and chemotherapy before HSCT on mood changes during HSCT may contribute to efficient psychiatric intervention for both better psychiatric and survival outcome.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
WF designed the study, collected the data, performed statistical analyses, interpreted the results, and drafted the manuscript. KY designed the study, collected the data, performed statistical analyses, interpreted the results, and drafted the manuscript. YT interpreted the results and drafted the manuscript. NS, HK, MH, and SI collected the data, interpreted the results, and drafted the manuscript. YN, KK, and TT helped collect the data, interpret the results, and draft the manuscript. MK and AA helped interpret the results, and draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text: I work at Best Buy and I noticed a few days ago that they put some new Lost stuff on the shelves. Apparently if you pre-order the sixth season you get this nice Lost Artifacts Book. It's a portion of the Lost Encyclopedia thats coming out later this year. It's free with the pre-order so I guess I'll be picking it up soon. It looks very, very well done.


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Bar Boulud is the newest addition to the Back Bay dining scene, and since it's the closest thing to a Michelin starred restaurant in Boston I tried it as soon as possible! Bar Boulud is located in the Mandarin Hotel, in the space formerly occupied by Asana. The food, atmosphere, and experience were outstanding and unlike anything else in Boston.
We started with a small charcuterie board which included an assortment of pates and cured meats from the charcuterie bar. The Chef's selection for us that evening included lamb terrine with Moroccan spices, beef cheek terrine with herbs and cornichon, pate grande mere with chicken liver, pork, and cognac, cured sausage, and sliced jambon. The entire spread was served with toast, whole grain mustard, and pickles. I honestly loved the whole thing and couldn't pick a favorite, these were some of the best pates I've ever had.


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Infiniti Europe product planning and product marketing manager Nicolas Tschann estimates that there have been more than 2,000 unofficial 'grey' imports of the current FX from the US since 2003 - equalled only by the Ford Mustang.
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Oceanus Residency
Call us 1800-300-2400-1 (Toll Free) and Get additional Discount upto 50% for this Hotel.
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- About Hotel
- Reviews
About Oceanus Residency
Located at 4 km from the Alappuzha KSRTC Bus Stand, Oceanus Residency offers accommodation in Alleppey. It offers Wi-Fi internet access. Guests can visit the Alleppey Beach, which is at 2 km from this property. All the 12 AC and non-AC rooms in this accommodation have hair dryers and wardrobes. Each room in this 3-story property has an LCD TV, iron/ironing board, and attached bathroom with constant supply of hot and cold water. This beach hotel in Alleppey arranges for sightseeing and tour guides. It also arranges for houseboats. It houses a coffee shop and an Ayurvedic treatment center. It offers room service, 24-hour security, and doctor-on-call service. Oceanus Residency provides pickup and drop facility from the Cochin International Airport (83 km) and the Alappuzha Railway Station (3 km). Guests can rent cars as well. A few places to explore are the St Joseph Kurishadi Church (0. 2 km), Vijay Beach Park (2 km), and Sree Munnodi Devi Temple (0. 1 km).
No of floors: 3 | No of rooms: 12
Checkin Time: 1100 pm
Checkout Time: 1230 pm
Hotel Amenities
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Warriors coach Andrew McFadden has refused to comment on reports the NRL club won't let players they stood down for disciplinary reason to play for their respective countries next week.
Six players, including New Zealand pair Manu Vatuvei and Ben Matulino and Tonga centre Konrad Hurrell, were not considered for NRL selection against St George Illawarra on Sunday over an apparent late night out in Melbourne at the start of the week.
Asked if they were going to be prevented from turning out next weekend in international matches, McFadden said: "I'm not going to be discussing anything to do with the punishment around those players."
McFadden did say it was possible for a club to prevent a player representing his country.
"You can stop them from rep duties and sometimes it's for different reasons," he said.
As to whether there had been consultation with the NZRL, he said: "As I've said, I'm not going to be discussing that here."
McFadden was speaking after the Warriors bounced back from a tough week by beating the Dragons 26-10 on Sunday.
The Kiwis are due to name their team on Sunday night for the Test against the Kangaroos in Newcastle on Friday night.
Vatuvei, Matulino, Hurrell as well as Bodene Thompson, Albert Vete and Sam Lisone were ruled out of the match against the Dragons for what the Warriors said was a breach of club protocol.
Media reports said the six had a late night out after the team arrived back in Auckland from their 42-0 defeat to Melbourne.
Some of the players were then late to a morning team meeting.
TVNZ reported earlier on Sunday that the players had also been stood down from next week's representative round.
Vete was in line for selection for Tonga, while Lisone has played one Test for Samoa.


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Bad Hair Days, Rainy Days, and Mondays: Wisdom and Encouragement to Life a Woman's Spirit Ebook
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This book offers a month's worth of wisdom, advice, and encouragement for women in the form of 31 short daily meditational readings, written by award-winning teacher and author Cynthia Bond Hopson. The life lessons include:
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Hopson's style is conversational, humorous, and appealing.
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Two Asian men tie down materials as pedestrians walk by on a dock in China.
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IT leaders are frequently called upon to achieve the impossible with fewer resources and less funding. One area that frequently crops up is the need for extended support of the enterprise, even though economics and reality preclude creating a 24/7 help desk. However, adversity breeds creativity, and in this research note we present new ideas on how to:
- Manage the demand for after-hours support.
- Minimize after-hours support to critical issues only.
- Resource after-hours support without team burnout.
- Manage critical help desk requests and issue communications after hours.
Many enterprises struggle with the issue of after-hours support on a minimal budget; those who are successful use some or all of the techniques discussed to meet the challenge.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 25, 2010
|Filing date
|Oct 12, 2004
|Priority date
|Oct 12, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Mark Edward Kane
|Original Assignee
|Invensys Rail Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (76), Non-Patent Citations (50), Referenced by (8), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
In the early days of railroads, train brakes were operated by brakemen who would go from car to car and manually activate and deactivate the brakes on the train. Having brakemen on each train added to the expense of operating the train. This added expense led to the development of air brakes by, among others, George Westinghouse.
For much of the previous century, the most common form of braking system was the air brake system. In this system, pressurized air is distributed via an air brake pipe system to each brake caliper on each train. The brake calipers are designed such that the brake shoes engage the train wheel to stop the train if the pressurized air flow is disrupted. These systems typically include what is referred to in the art as a "P2A" valve, which is used for a "penalty" braking. Penalty braking, which is distinct from emergency braking, is the activation of the train's brakes to stop the train when the train is operating, or about to be operated, in an unsafe manner. The typical P2A valve is connected to the brake pipe and typically provides for a full service application of the brakes at the service rate when opened. The P2A valve is electrically controlled, usually employing a solenoid. This allows the P2A valve to be controlled by an overspeed signal from a speed indicator connected to the train's axle drive tachometer, by a penalty brake signal from a cab signal system, or by an alerter. These air brake systems that include a P2A valve are failsafe in that any loss of air pressure in the brake lines (whether due to a leak in the brake line or a failure in the air pump), or any disruption in power to the P2A valve, results in the brakes activating and the train being brought to a stop safely.
More recently, electronic braking systems have appeared. These systems electronically control the application of the brakes. These systems are required to be failsafe by the federal government in that any loss of power to the electronic braking system must result in the train brakes activating to stop the train much in the same way that any loss of power to the P2A valves would result in activation of the train brakes.
In addition to electronic braking systems, train control systems are also known in the art. Train control systems are systems that control the movement of a train by controlling the locomotive's engine/motor and brakes to ensure that the train is operated safely. These systems come in two varieties: active and passive. Active control systems are systems that are primarily responsible for controlling movement of the train. In contrast, in passive control systems, a human operator is primarily responsible for controlling movement of the train and the passive control system only assumes control if the operator attempts to operate the train in an unsafe manner (e.g., exceeding a maximum allowable speed, entering an occupied block, etc.). Types of train control systems include Cab Signal, Positive Train Control, Positive Train Stop and others. The assignee of the present application, Quantum Engineering, Inc., markets a Positive Train Control system under the mark TRAIN SENTINEL™.
In order for a train control system of any type to be capable of stopping a train, it must be capable of controlling the train's braking system. These electronic braking systems are typically integrated, sealed units that are not easily modified. Thus, in the past, it has typically been necessary to enlist the assistance of the manufacturer of the electronic braking system to modify the electronic braking system to allow for a penalty application of the brakes by a train control system.
Typical electronic braking systems provide an RS-232 interface through which a train control system can send a request to activate the brakes. However, such a system is not failsafe. For example, if the connection between the train control system and the RS-232 interface is broken, or the RS-232 interface on the electronic braking system fails, a brake activation request message from the train control system to the electronic braking system will not be received by the electronic braking system and the brakes will not be activated, leading to a potentially dangerous situation.
Moreover, even if the brake activation request message is received, the electronic braking system may experience a delay in responding to the message. Any delay can, of course, result in a catastrophe. There is yet another problem associated with a potential delay. Some known train control systems, including the Train Sentinel system sold by the assignee of the present invention, will prevent a train from taking an improper action (e.g., entering a block which the train is not authorized to enter) by calculating in advance precisely when a penalty brake application must be applied to avoid the improper action, and then causing the penalty brake application to occur at that time if the operator has not acted to avoid the improper action. The possibility that an electronic braking system will delay in activating the brakes in response to a penalty brake activation request message means that the penalty brake activation request message must be sent in advance of the time in which the brakes need to be activated—in other words, a safety factor must be added to account for the delay must be provided. There are two problems with such a safety factor: 1) it is difficult to determine how large the safety factor must be, and 2) in those instances in which there is no delay, or in which the delay is less than the safety factor, the brakes activate prematurely. Premature penalty brake activation can be very annoying to the operator and can be costly because the train will stop well short of the intended point and because of the lost time required to stop and restart the train.
The present invention addresses the aforementioned issues to a great extent by providing a method and apparatus for providing more accurate and true failsafe control of an electronic braking system by a train control system. In preferred embodiments, the train control system controls a switch that supplies power to the electronic braking system. When the train control system determines that it is necessary to activate the train's brakes to stop the train, it controls the switch so as to remove power to the electronic braking system, which results in immediate activation of the train's brakes. In highly preferred embodiments, the switch is of a type that is normally open and that requires the presence of an electrical signal to close the switch to supply power to the electronic braking system. In such embodiments, any loss in power to the train control system will result in a loss of signal to the switch, thereby causing activation of the train's brakes.
The aforementioned advantages and features of the present invention will be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings in which:
In the following detailed description, a plurality of specific details, such as types of train control systems and types of switches used for controlling the supply of electrical power to an electronic braking system, are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The details discussed in connection with the preferred embodiments should not be understood to limit the present invention. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, certain method steps are delineated as separate steps; however, these steps should not be construed as necessarily distinct nor order dependent in their performance.
Referring now to
The train control system 110 is able to cause penalty braking through its connection to a control input 121 of a solenoid 120. The solenoid 120 controls the supply of power from power source 130 to an electronic braking system 140, which controls the brakes of a train on which the system 110 is installed. Controls connected to the electronic braking system 140 which are typically installed in a locomotive allow an engineer to selectively apply the brakes wholly or partially to control movement of the train.
The solenoid 120 is connected such that power will only be supplied from the power source 130 to the electronic braking system 140 while the train control system 110 outputs a positive voltage on output line 111. The positive output 132 of power supply 130 is connected to a high power terminal 122 of the solenoid 120. The other high power terminal 123 of the solenoid 120 is connected to the positive input 143 of the electronic braking system 140. The negative terminal 134 of the power source 130 is connected to the negative terminal 144 of the electronic braking system 140. In this fashion, while a positive voltage is applied to the control terminal 121 of the solenoid 120, a connection between terminals 122 and 123 of the solenoid 120 is maintained and power flows from the power source 130 to the electronic braking system 140.
However, if the positive voltage supplied from the train control system 110 to the solenoid 120 via line 111 is interrupted for any reason, the supply of power to the electronic braking system 140 will be disrupted. The voltage on line 111 may be interrupted if the train control system 110 determines that the train should be stopped, if there is a break in the line 111, or if the train control system 110 loses power. Regardless of the cause, loss of voltage on line 111 will cause the solenoid 120 to open the connection between terminals 122 and 123, thereby cutting off power to the electronic braking system 140.
When the electronic braking system 140 loses power, it will automatically open an internal valve, which will cause a loss of pressure in the air brake pipe 148. This in turn will activate all of the brakes on the train, thereby bringing the train to a stop.
The aforementioned embodiment provides several important benefits. First, it provides a true failsafe system. Second, it provides more accurate braking because it eliminates the necessity of building in a safety factor delay when activating the brakes. Because the train control system 110 can directly control the solenoid 120 (rather than sending a brake request message to the electronic braking system 140), the train control system 110 can wait until it is absolutely necessary to activate the brakes to prevent an improper action such as entering an occupied block or exceeding a track warrant/authority. This avoids the premature penalty braking problem discussed above.
A system 200 according to a second embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
It should be noted that either full or graduated braking may or may not be applied as a penalty. That is, in embodiments of the invention in which the train control system 110 is active, the activation of the brakes via output 112 may constitute a normal part of operating the train. In embodiments of the invention in which the train control system 110 is passive, the activation of the brakes via line 112 may be a penalty brake application. A full braking penalty may be applied when, e.g., a train is in danger of exceeding a track warrant. A partial braking penalty may be applied when, e.g., a train is in danger of violating a speed restriction. In this case, the brakes are partially applied such that the train's speed is reduced to the applicable limit prior to the train's entry into the region covered by the speed restriction.
In embodiments of the invention such as the system 200 of
It is possible to send a penalty brake request message via output 112 and then, if the request is not executed within a certain period of time, force the penalty brake application by controlling the solenoid 120 via line 111. As discussed above, this means that a safety factor will need to be built-in such that the forced penalty brake application via line 111 will occur prior to an unsafe condition even if the penalty brake request message sent via output 112 is not acted on immediately by the electronic braking system 140. While this is a drawback for the reasons discussed above, it may be desirable to operate in this manner.
The embodiments discussed above employ a solenoid 120 to allow the train control system 110 to control the power supplied to the electronic braking system 140. Those of skill in the art will recognize that any type of electrically controlled switch could be used in place of solenoid 120. Among possible alternatives to the solenoid 140 are relays and transistors.
Obviously, numerous other modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein.
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|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 12, 2008
|Aug 16, 2011
|Wabtec Holding Corp.
|Braking system
|Jun 30, 2009
|Aug 13, 2013
|Invensys Rail Corporation
|Vital speed profile to control a train moving along a track
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|Jul 8, 2014
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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|U.S. Classification
|303/128, 303/20, 246/3, 701/19
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 12, 2004
Owner name: QUANTUM ENGINEERING, INC., FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KANE, MARK EDWARD;REEL/FRAME:015887/0334
Effective date: 20041006
Owner name: QUANTUM ENGINEERING, INC.,FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KANE, MARK EDWARD;REEL/FRAME:015887/0334
Effective date: 20041006
|Mar 24, 2010
Owner name: INVENSYS RAIL CORPORATION,KENTUCKY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:QUANTUM ENGINEERING, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024128/0423
Effective date: 20100101
Owner name: INVENSYS RAIL CORPORATION, KENTUCKY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:QUANTUM ENGINEERING, INC.;REEL/FRAME:024128/0423
Effective date: 20100101
|Sep 16, 2013
Owner name: SIEMENS RAIL AUTOMATION CORPORATION, KENTUCKY
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INVENSYS RAIL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:031217/0423
Effective date: 20130701
|Oct 15, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 15, 2014
Owner name: SIEMENS INDUSTRY, INC., GEORGIA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:SIEMENS RAIL AUTOMATION CORPORATION;SIEMENS INDUSTRY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:032689/0075
Effective date: 20140331


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TElPGPKeyExpirationTimeSignatureSubpacket class
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The following paragraph is taken from RFC 2440 - OpenPGP messages format, part 188.8.131.52.:
«The validity period of the key. This is the number of seconds after the key creation time that the key expires. If this is not present or has a value of zero, the key never expires. This is found only on a self-signature.»


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December 30, 2010
BARRY VALLEN, PLAINTIFF,v.RICHARD MIRAGLIA, COMMISSIONER OF MENTAL HEALTH (O.M.H.),CURRENT GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK STATE, DEFENDANTS.
The opinion of the court was delivered by: Joanna Seybert, U.S.D.J. Central Islip, New York
# 014-2991
Pilgrim Psychiatric Center Hospital 998 Crooked Hill Road Building 81 - Ward 202 Brentwood, NY 11717 SEYBERT, District Judge:
Presently pending before the Court is the pro se Complaint of Barry Vallen ("Plaintiff") brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Richard Miraglia, Commissioner of Mental Health and the current governor of New York State, accompanied by an application to proceed in forma pauperis and an application for the appointment of counsel. For the reasons that follow, Plaintiff's request for permission to proceed in forma pauperis is GRANTED but the Complaint is sua sponte DISMISSED without prejudice. Given the dismissal of the Complaint, the application to appoint pro bono counsel is denied without prejudice and Plaintiff may refile an application for the appointment of pro bono counsel upon submission of an Amended Complaint.
I. Plaintiff's Psychiatric History*fn1
In the early hours of October 5, 1984, Vallen bludgeoned his parents to death while they slept in their bed. Vallen was charged with two counts of Murder in the Second Degree but was found not responsible by reason of mental disease or defect. On March 21, 1986, Vallen was found to have a "dangerous mental disorder" as defined in New York Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) § 330.20(1), and was committed to a secure psychiatric facility, where he remained until December of 1998.
Vallen, 2004 WL 555698, at *1 (citation omitted).
On December 15, 1998, Vallen was found not to have a "dangerous mental disorder" although he was still "mentally ill," as defined in CPL § 330.20(1)(d). As a result, he was transferred to Pilgrim State Psychiatric Center ("Pilgrim State"), a non-secure facility under the jurisdiction of OMH.
On December 5, 1991, Vallen was found to no longer be "mentally ill" and was therefore conditionally released from Pilgrim State into the community. In connection with his release, an "Order of Conditions" was issued. The Order of Conditions, which remains in effect for five years, specifies the conditions a patient must comply with in order to remain at liberty. The Order of Conditions included the following directives:
2. The defendant, Barry Vallen, will attend the Sunrise Psychiatric clinic, 400 Broadway, Amityville, New York , or any other clinic designated by the Commissioner New York State Office of Mental Health or his designee.
3. The defendant, Barry Vallen, shall comply with any and all treatment programs, including medications prescribed initially by his Pilgrim Psychiatric Center treatment team when he is placed on conditional release and/or to any changes in the treatment or medication deemed necessary by the outpatient clinic. The patient shall participate in a variety of group and individual therapy programs and activities, vocational and rehabilitative.
4. The outpatient clinic treating the patient, Barry Vallen, is authorized to modify and develop a treatment plan, including the prescribing of medication, as is clinically indicated, and is authorized to modify and change the initial treatment recommendations of Pilgrim Psychiatric Center when clinically appropriate and necessary.
5. The patient, Barry Vallen, shall submit to appropriate laboratory tests to test for levels of neuroleptic medications and compliance with taking his medications as prescribed by his physicians.
6. The patient, Barry Vallen, shall refrain from the consumption of alcoholic beverages and any unauthorized drugs not prescribed by his physician.
7. The patient, Barry Vallen, shall submit to random blood and urine screenings administered for the purpose of detecting unauthorized or illicit drugs or alcohol consumption.
12. If the patient, Barry Vallen, fails to comply with the treatment and/or the conditions of this order, or if his conditions should decompensate, the clinic treating the patient and/or the Commissioner New York State Office of Mental Health shall immediately notify this Court, the Orange County District ...
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