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Pineapple Bread Pudding
Recipe by Mirj2338
I came up with this to satisfy my daughter Nomi's pineapple sweet tooth, and also to get rid of some stale bread.
Top Review by Divaconviva
What a great recipe! This is SO easy and quick to throw together. I made exactly as written except for using 8 slices fresh Wonder Stoneground Whole Wheat Bread, and I added 1/4 teaspoon lemon zest into the lemon juice. Beautiful texture, great flavor. I was able to take it out of the souffle pan in one piece onto a plate, and then flip it onto a second plate right-side up, so this would lend itself to a very fancy presentation - but we were eager to try it and just cut big pieces of it, served with slices of fresh pineapple and whipped cream. This is definitely a keeper. Thanks for a great dessert, Mirj!
See Discussion:3 Reviews
Ingredients Nutrition
- 7 slices whole wheat bread, crusts removed,cut into cubes
- 1 (20 ounce) cancrushed unsweetened pineapple, , with juice
- 1 cup packed light brown sugar
- 4 eggs, beaten
- 2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice
- 1⁄2 teaspoon grated fresh nutmeg
- 6 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted
Directions See How It's Made
- Preheat oven to 325 and grease a 2-quart soufflé dish.
- In a large bowl, combine bread and pineapple and place in soufflé dish.
- Using the same bowl, mix together brown sugar, eggs, lemon juice, nutmeg and butter, and pour over bread mixture.
- Bake until puffed and golden, about 40 minutes.


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Average grade: 4.4 %
Length: 7.66 km
Altitude start: 78 m
Altitude top: 420 m
Ascent: 342 m
Maximum: 9 %
Col du Grand Caunet rankings
Difficulty ranking world: 8410 (all)
Ranking France: 1957 (all)
Ranking Alps : 2176(all)
Difficulty score: 31.72 what?
Col du Grand Caunet ratings
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(4) Road
(5) Traffic
(4) Amenities
(5) Surroundings
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The Col du Grand Caunet is situated in Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur. This climb belongs to the Alps .
Starting from Ceyreste,
the Col du Grand Caunet ascent is 7.66 km long. Over this distance, you climb 342 heightmeters.
The average percentage thus is 4.4 %.
The maximum slope is 9 %.
Look for other sides to climb the Col du Grand Caunet.
Find climbs close to the Col du Grand Caunet: within 10 km - within 20 km - within 50 km
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Fire has destroyed part of the award-winning Royal Mail Hotel complex in Victoria's west.
A Country Fire Authority spokeswoman said a large convention centre at the hotel's property in Dunkeld, near Hamilton, was completely gutted by fire about 2.20am on Thursday.
The hotel portion of the complex, which was awarded three chef's hats in The Age Good Food Guide in 2012 and 2013, was not damaged in the fire.
CFA operations officer Bruce Farquharson said there was also no need to evacuate the accommodation portion of the complex.
"Everything was damaged by the time the call came in," he said. "It was contained very quickly."
Mr Farquharson said the $1 million convention centre had been "totally destroyed".
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text:
Activation of GPR40 attenuates chronic inflammation induced impact on pancreatic β-cells health and function
Cell signaling pathways and networks
Chronic inflammation-mediated β-cell apoptosis is known to decrease β-cell mass in diabetes leading to reduced insulin secretion. Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines can stimulate apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. The G protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is implicated for glucose induced insulin secretion. We hypothesized that GPR40 activation can protect β-cells from inflammation-induced apoptosis and restore glucose stimulated insulin secretion.
By exposing NIT1 insulinoma cells and rat islets to a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL1β), we mimicked inflammatory signaling as seen by JNK and NFκB activation and increased mRNA levels of TNFα, IL1β and NOS2a. These changes were reversed by pharmacological activation of GPR40 by a specific, small molecule, CNX-011-67. Further, GPR40 activation reduced inflammation-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses. Importantly, GPR40 activation decreased inflammation-induced apoptosis as measured by key markers. These impacts of GPR40 were mediated through activation of PLC, CaMKII, calcineurin and cAMP. Cell survival was also enhanced by GPR40 activation as seen from the increased phosphorylation of Akt/PKB and enhanced expression of BCL2 and PDX1 genes. Interestingly, GPR40 activation restored both, inflammation-mediated inhibition on insulin secretion and intracellular insulin content.
In this study, we provide evidences that CNX-011-67, a GPR40 agonist, reduces inflammatory signaling and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells while promoting insulin secretion and synthesis. Activation of GPR40 leads to attenuation of β-cell dysfunction caused by chronic inflammation and thus could be of immense clinical value to improve insulin secretion and β-cell survival.
Reduction in absolute β-cell mass and/or function is linked to type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus
The β-cell mass is positively regulated by multiple mechanisms
The G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells. It is involved in fatty acid mediated potentiation of insulin secretion. Activation of GPR40 can increase insulin secretion
Here, we propose that an increase in insulin secretion mediated by GPR40 can activate Akt/PKB to positively impact β-cell survival. Activation of GPR40 is also known to improve calcium flux in β-cells under chronic inflammatory conditions
In this study, we activated GPR40 using a specific small molecule agonist (CNX-011-67). Pharmacological activation of GPR40 by CNX-011-67 was very specific as an increase in cytoplasmic calcium flux was seen only in cells expressing GPR40 and no calcium flux was observed in cells which did not express GPR40. Moreover, CNX-011-67 mediated calcium flux was mediated through PLC pathway. Treatment of NIT1 cells and rat islets with CNX-011-67 showed a reduction in inflammatory signaling, inflammatory cytokines gene expression, cellular oxidative and ER stresses while increasing insulin secretion, intracellular insulin content and pro-survival signaling pathways. Taken together, GPR40 agonists provide a novel tool to counteract inflammation mediated β-cell dysfunction.
Pharmacological activation of GPR40 enhances cytoplasmic calcium level in PLC dependent manner
GPR40 activation by small molecule agonist (CNX-011-67, 1 μM) significantly increased cytoplasmic calcium level (9187 AFU versus (vs) 5967 AFU of control) only in CHOK1 cells over-expressing mouse GPR40 compared to the control (Figure
Figure 1
CNX-011-67 is a specific agonist of GPR40
CNX-011-67 is a specific agonist of GPR40. CNX-011-67 induced GPR40 activation was measured in GPR40 over-expressing CHOK1 cells by its potency to increase in cytoplasmic calcium level which was abolished by PLC inhibitor (U73122) (n = 4, ***P < 0.001). CNX-011-67 did not increase any cytoplasmic calcium level in cells not expressing GPR40.
Activation of GPR40 attenuates cellular inflammation
Under chronic inflammatory conditions, NIT1 cells showed a 4.4 fold increase in JNK phosphorylation (Figure
Figure 2
GPR40 activation by CNX-011-67 reduces cellular inflammation
GPR40 activation by CNX-011-67 reduces cellular inflammation. Western blot of NIT1 cells treated with inflammatory cytokines in presence or absence of GPR40 agonist (A, B). Inflammatory cytokines (TNFα + IL1β) increased JNK phosphorylation (A) and reduced IκB level (B) in NIT1 cells which were reversed by GPR40 activation. Total JNK and β-actin were used as loading control for normalization. Expression of NF-κB (C), IL1β (D), TNFα (E) and NOS2a (F) genes were up-regulated under inflammatory conditions and were down-regulated by GPR40 activation in rat islets. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR. (n = 4, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
GPR40 activation reduces cellular stress in β-cells
Since increased cellular stress is a major contributing factor for β-cell apoptosis, we investigated whether GPR40 activation influences cellular stress (oxidative and ER stress). Under conditions mimicking chronic inflammation, NIT1 cells showed 1.8 fold increase of ROS compared to control which was brought back to normal upon GPR40 activation (Figure
Figure 3
Chronic GPR40 activation reverses inflammation mediated increase in oxidative and ER stress
Chronic GPR40 activation reverses inflammation mediated increase in oxidative and ER stress. (A) NIT1 cells were treated for 72 h as indicated and ROS levels were measured by DCF fluorescence. ER stress was measured by expression of CHOP (DDIT3/GADD153) gene in rat islets cultured under inflammation with or without GPR40 activator (B). (n = 4, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). (C) NIT1 cells were treated as indicated and total cell lysates were used for western blotting against BiP (GRP78/HSPA5) and p-eIF2a to study ER stress. β-actin and total eIF2a were used as loading control for normalization.
GPR40 activation protects β-cells from inflammation-induced apoptosis
To support the results from cellular oxidative and ER stress, we next showed cellular apoptosis by different methods. Treatment with chronic inflammation caused nuclear fragmentation in NIT1 cells as measured by a significant increase in number of condensed nuclei (Figure
Figure 4
Chronic GPR40 activation reverses inflammation mediated increase in apoptosis
Chronic GPR40 activation reverses inflammation mediated increase in apoptosis. Apoptotic cells were visualized as condensed nuclei by propidium iodide fluorescence after chronic treatment of NIT1 cells with inflammatory cytokines in presence or ansence of GPR40 agonist (A-D). Representative pictures showing condensed nuclei with white arrow (A-C) demonstrating an increased number of apoptotic cells under inflammation and reversal in apoptotic cells number by GPR40 activation. Thirty images having more than 800 total numbers of nuclei were counted and quantification data were represented by bar graph (D). Inflammation conditions increased and GPR40 agonist decreased cytochrome-c level in rat islets as measured using ELISA assay (E). In NIT1 cells, chronic inflammation increased and GPR40 agonist decreased TUNEL positivity (F). Similarly, inflammation increased caspase-3 activity (G) in NIT1 cells which was reduced by GPR40 agonist. Caspase-3 activity was measured by its ability to cleave DEVD substrate and release of fluorescence. GPR40 induced inhibition of caspae-3 activity was abolished by incubating cells with PLC inhibitor (U73122). (n = 4, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
GPR40 activation reduces apoptosis through CaMKII, Calcineurin and cAMP signaling
In order to decipher how GPR40 activation rescued β-cell apoptosis, we measured caspase-3 activity under chronic inflammation and used various pharmacological inhibitors to dissect out the underlying molecular mechanism. Since an increase in cytoplasmic calcium level activates CaMKII and calcineurin, we inhibited their activity using AIP and cyclosporine-A respectively
Figure 5
Activation of GPR40 reduces apoptosis through cAMP and calcium signaling
Activation of GPR40 reduces apoptosis through cAMP and calcium signaling. (A) NIT1 cells were cultured under inflammation conditions with or without GPR40 agonist for 72 h in presence of CaMKII (AIP), Calcineurin (CsA) and soluble ADCY (KH7) inhibitors or cAMP activator (Fsk) as indicated (A). GPR40 agonist and Fsk reduced inflammation induced caspase-3 activity. AIP, CysA and KH7 blocked GPR40 agonist's ability to reduced caspase-3 activity. (B) After chronic culture for 72 h, NIT1 cells were pre-treated with low glucose containing KRBH followed by treatment for 1 h with low or high glucose and cAMP levels in cells were determined by enzyme immunoassay. (n = 4, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
Increase in cytosolic calcium activates calcium-induced adenylate cyclase in pancreatic β-cells thereby increasing cAMP levels. Therefore, we assessed whether GPR40 activation increased cAMP in β-cells, which may help inhibit apoptosis. Under stimulatory glucose concentrations in β-cells, we found that cAMP levels were increased (0.94picomoles/mg protein at high glucose vs 0.30picomoles/mg protein at low glucose) (Figure
GPR40 activation enhances cell survival signaling
We next examined weather GPR40 activation led to cell survival as yet another mechanism to counteract apoptosis. Activation of Akt/PKB, a known cell survival/growth signal
Figure 6
GPR40 activation and β-cells survival
GPR40 activation and β-cells survival. (A) Phosphorylated Akt levels were measured by western blotting of NIT1 cells cultured for 72 h as indicated. Total Akt levels were measured for normalization. Chronic inflammation down-regulated expression of bcl2 (B) and pdx1 (D) whereas it up-regulated expression of cdkn1a (C) gene in rat islets. Activation of GPR40 partially reversed expression of these genes. Gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. (n = 4, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
GPR40 activation improves insulin synthesis and secretion
To verify that GPR40 activation plays a role in decreasing inflammation, we measured its impact on insulin secretion as an indicator of overall β-cell function. We observed impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under chronic inflammatory conditions (0.07 ng/islet vs 0.22 ng/islet under control), which was significantly improved by GPR40 activation (0.20 ng/islet) (Figure
Figure 7
GPR40 activation improves insulin synthesis and secretion
GPR40 activation improves insulin synthesis and secretion. (A) After chronic culture for 72 h, rat islets were pre-treated with low glucose containing KRBH followed by treatment for 2 h with low or high glucose. Amount of secreted insulin in buffer (A) and intracellular insulin content (D) were measured using ELISA. Likewise, NIT1 cells were also cultured and treated followed by cellular ATP levels estimation using luciferase based luminescence assay (B). Insulin gene transcripts (C) were measured in rat islets after chronic culture under indicated condition by qRT-PCR. (n = 4, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
Additional file 1
Impact of GPR40 agonist (CNX-011-67) on insulin secretion from rat islets.
Click here for file
Figure 8
Schematic representation of mechanisms involved for β-cells apoptosis caused by inflammatory cytokines exposures and its reversal by GPR40 activation
Schematic representation of mechanisms involved for β-cells apoptosis caused by inflammatory cytokines exposure and its reversal by GPR40 activation. Pointed arrows represent activatory signals and blunted lines represent inhibitory signals. Signals propagated from inflammatory cytokines are shown as normal arrows while signals propagated from GPR40 activation are shown as broken arrows/lines.
In this present study we showed that activation of GPR40 by a small molecule, CNX-011-67, rescued inflammation-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. We demonstrated that chronic inflammation, which has been shown to severely impact β-cells' function and mass
Chronic inflammation has been a mechanism implicated for β-cell apoptosis in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes
Since, inflammatory cytokines exert their effects through activation of JNK and NFκB, we have showed that treatment with GPR40 agonist was able to reduce their activation. These findings were also supported by a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression by GPR40 agonist. Activation of JNK and NFκB has been shown to up-regulate these pro-inflammatory cytokines
Elevated cellular oxidative and ER stress under nutrient overload condition can cause β-cells apoptosis
In order to dissect the mechanism by which GPR40 activation reduced β-cells apoptosis, we used various pharmacological agents to inhibit or activate key intracellular signaling pathways. As expected, inhibition of PLC signaling by U73122 abolished GPR40 agonist impact on apoptosis because GPR40 exerts its effect by PLC activation. Interestingly, PLC inhibition caused a higher increase in Caspase-3 activity compared to inflammation alone, indicating its importance for normal physiological functions of β-cells. In fact, elevated glucose level can cause activation of PLC signaling in islets
Increase in cytoplasmic calcium level is coupled with an increase in cAMP level due to presence of calcium activated ADCY in β-cells. We tested the possibility that increase in cytoplasmic calcium level by GPR40 activation would lead to a corresponding increase in cAMP level. We found that cAMP levels were decreased under inflammation condition and were restored by GPR40 agonist. To demonstrate the importance of GPR40-induced cAMP level for caspase-3 activity, we inhibited a soluble isoform of ADCY present in β-cells which is known to mediate cAMP oscillation
GPR40 activation not only inhibited β-cell apoptosis but also activated cell survival pathways. Its activation led to an increase in ATP level which together with elevated Ca2+ and cAMP level caused a significant increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This secreted insulin can lead to Akt/PKB phosphorylation in an autocrine manner. The level of phosphorylated Akt, a well known marker for cell survival and proliferation, was reduced under chronic inflammation conditions, together with a reduction in insulin secretion. GPR40 agonist reversed this decrease in pAkt level. Similarly, BCL2 and PDX1 expression were reduced under inflammation and were restored by GPR40 agonist. PDX1 maintains β-cell phenotype and also regulates insulin synthesis. In consistent with PDX1 data, inflammation reduced insulin gene transcription and intracellular insulin content and their levels were restored by GPR40 agonist. Under this condition we did not observe any change in the glucagon expression in rat islets (data not shown). This is consistence with the fact that GPR40 expression in predominant only in β-cells.
We have earlier showed that activation of GPR40 by oral administration of CNX-011-67 in male ZDF rats reduces β-cells apoptosis, increases insulin and PDX1 positive cell number and insulin secretion
In this study, we demonstrated that activation of GPR40, which is implicated for glucose induced insulin secretion, can rescue pancreatic β-cells from inflammation induced dysfunction. GPR40 activation increased cytoplasmic calcium level in a PLC dependent manner. We also established the molecular link of GPR40 activation and downstream calcium flux to cellular cAMP levels. GPR40 mediated its impact through CaMKII, NFAT and cAMP as their inhibition totally reversed the protective impact on β-cells apoptosis. Moreover, GPR40 activation promoted β-cell survival signaling which was impaired under chronic inflammatory conditions. These survival signaling might have been initiated by insulin as GPR40 activation led to enhanced insulin secretion. This study provides basis for the development of GPR40 activators that might be an effective therapeutic strategy to combat β-cells dysfunction caused by chronic inflammation.
Rat islet isolation
Male Wistar rats (8–10 weeks, 180-240gm body weight; Charles River Lab, USA) were used for islet isolation. All experimental protocols have been approved by Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Connexios Life Sciences, which is recognized by the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), India. Excess anesthesia was used to kill the animals and the pancreata were cut into 1-2 mm pieces in HBSS (pH7.4; Sigma) followed by digestion with collagenase-II (2 mg/ml in HBSS; Sigma) at 37°C for 20 min. The reaction was stopped by adding two volumes of culture medium (RPMI containing 10%FBS; Invitrogen) and gently triturated. The cell pellet was obtained after centrifugation at 100X
Cell culture and treatment
NIT1 cell line (ATCC) was cultured under either control or inflammation (TNFα + IL1β, both 10 ng/ml) conditions for 72 h in presence or absence of GPR40 agonist (CNX-011-67, 1 μM). For Caspase-3 assay, NIT1 cells were cultured for 72 h in presence or absence of the following pharmacological modulators- PLC inhibitor (U73122, 2 μM), soluble adenylate cyclase (ADCY) inhibitor (KH7, 30 μM), non-specific ADCY activator (forskolin, 10 μM), calcium-calmodulin kinase-II (CaMKII) inhibitor (AIP, 1 μM) and calcineurin inhibitor (Cyclosporin A: CysA, 1 μM). Treatments for rat islets were the same as described for NIT1 cells above.
Calcium flux
CHOK1 cells over-expressing mouse GPR40 (Cytobox) were plated in 96-black well plate. Cells were washed with KRBH and loaded with Fluo-4-AM, a calcium indicator fluorescent dye (Invitrogen), at 37°C for 1 h. Basal fluorescence readings were taken at 485 nm excitation and at 520 nm emission. Cells were then induced with GPR40 agonist (CNX-011-67, 1 μM) in presence or absence of PLC inhibitor (U73122, 10 μM) followed by fluorescence readings for induced calcium flux. Changes in fluorescence readings between basal and induced conditions in different treatments were defined as arbitrary fluorescence units (AFU). Normal CHOK1 cells not expressing GPR40 were used as a control for the experiment.
Western blotting
After incubation, NIT1 cells were lysed and total proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE followed by transfer to nitrocellulose membrane. After blocking with BSA, the membrane was incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibody followed by washing and incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. Primary antibodies used are pAKT, AKT, pJNK, JNK, IkB and β-actin (Cell Signaling Technology). The blot was developed using chemiluminescence substrate (Pierce) and exposed to X-ray film. Densitometric analyses were carried out using Image-J (NIH) software.
RNA isolation, reverse transcription and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
Total RNA was extracted from treated islets using Trizol reagent (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), and was used as a template for cDNA synthesis with reverse transcriptase and random hexamer primers (ABI, CA, USA). Quantification of gene expression was done using SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Eurogenetic, Belgium) using the ABI7500 fast thermal cycler. We examined expression for those genes whose primers generated a single peak in the melting curve analysis and a single, specific band in agarose gel electrophoresis. Genes analyzed in this study were NF-κB, IL1β, TNFα, NOS2a, CHOP, BCL2, CDKN1A, PDX1 and Insulin. β-actin or 18S rRNA was used as a housekeeping gene control. The primer sequences are provided in the Additional file
Additional file 2
List of primers used in the study.
Click here for file
Caspase-3 assay
After 72 h of incubation, NIT1 cells were lysed in lysis buffer followed by estimation of Caspase-3 activity. Caspase-3 activity was measured by cleavage of its substrate (Ac-DEVD-R110; Invitrogen) and release of fluorescent R110 which was measured at 485 nm excitation and 530 nm emission. Activity of caspase-3 (as nano-moles of R110 released) was normalized to total cellular protein. Change in Caspase-3 activity under different conditions was represented as% of control.
Nuclear fragmentation assay
NIT1 cells were fixed after chronic treatments of inflammation and GPR40 agonist. Nuclei were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and morphology of nuclei was studied microscopically. Images were captured at 100X magnification for analysis. For each set more than 800 nuclei were counted and fragmented, shrunken or condensed nuclei were taken to indicate apoptotic nuclei. Data were presented as% of apoptotic nuclei.
Cytochrome-c assay
Rat islets were treated under inflammation and GPR40 agonist. After treatment media was removed, islets were washed three times with PBS, followed by solubilization of the cell membrane using 1xPBS and 0.5% triton-X-100. Cytochrome C levels were measured according to the manufacturer's instructions (RnD Biosystems).
TUNEL assay
After chronic treatment with inflammation and GPR40 agonist, NIT1 cells were washed with PBS and fixed with 1% paraformaldihyde. Fragmented DNA was labeled using ApopTag® Peroxidase Apoptosis Detection Kit (Millipore) and peroxidase activity was measured using TMB-H2O2. TUNEL levels were normalized to total cellular protein amount.
Insulin secretion and intra-cellular insulin content analysis
Following chronic treatment of inflammation and GPR40 agonist, size-matched islets were picked under a microscope and transferred into 24-well plates containing 1 ml KRBH buffer (2.5 mM glucose)/well and pre-incubated at 37°C/5% CO2 for 1 h. The buffer was then carefully removed from the wells and the islets were induced in fresh KRBH buffer (250 μl/well) containing low (2 mM) or high glucose (11 mM) at 37°C/5% CO2 for 2 h. The supernatant was removed from the islets and stored at −70°C for ELISA. Secreted insulin was measured in the KRBH buffer using ELISA (Mercodia) as per manufacturer's instructions. Insulin secretion was represented as the amount of insulin secreted (ng) per islet. Islet lysates were used to measure intracellular insulin content, which was also represented as the amount of insulin (ng) per islet.
Measurement of ATP and cAMP level
NIT1 cells were cultured under inflammation and GPR40 agonist and then washed with KRBH buffer followed by pre-incubation at 37°C/5% CO2 for 1 h in the same buffer. Subsequently, cells were treated with low (2 mM) or high glucose (11 mM) at 37°C/5% CO2 for 1 h followed by estimation on cAMP or ATP in cell lysates. ATP determination kit (Invitrogen) and Amersham cAMP Biotrak Enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) System (GE Healthcare) were used for the estimation of ATP and cAMP respectively.
Measurement of cellular ROS level
After chronic treatments of inflammation and GPR40 agonist for 72 h, NIT1 cells were loaded for 1 h with DCFH-DA dye for ROS measurement (Invitrogen). Cells were lysed and lysates were transferred to 96-black well plate to measure increase in DCF fluorescence at 485 nm excitation and 528 nm emission. Amount of ROS was normalized to total cellular DNA which was measured using bis-benzamide fluorescence at 360 nm exication and 460 nm emission.
Statistical analysis
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM and significance was calculated using the unpaired Student's t-test. *indicates p < 0.05; **indicates p < 0.01; ***indicates p < 0.001 compared to the respective control. Each data point consists of four individual replicates and experiments were repeated to check reproducibility. Miscrosoft Excel was used for statistical analysis.
Competing interest
The authors do not declare any competing interest.
Authors' contribution
VMK, SMK, YAN, NK, MS, MR, SR, SB, BC and PPM carried out experiments; VMK, SMK, SBP, MOA and JMR planned/executed the study and analyzed data. VMK, SMK, SBP wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors thank Niketa Pawar, Naved Pasha, Usha Padukone and Jayalaxmi Shetty at Connexios Life Sciences Pvt Ltd. for their assistance in the study. The authors are grateful to Suri Venkatachalam, Usha Narayanan, Raghavendra Rao, M.V Venkataranganna, R Mathiyazhagan, Aseem Premnath and Swapnika Ramu at Connexios Life Sciences Pvt Ltd. for critical review of the manuscript and helpful discussions.
Financial support for this study was provided by Connexios Life sciences Pvt Ltd, Bangalore.
Five stages of evolving beta-cell dysfunction during progression to diabetes
Decreased beta-cell mass in diabetes: significance, mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Islet beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes
A choice of death–the signal-transduction of immune-mediated beta-cell apoptosis
Mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: many differences, few similarities
Palmitate induces a pro-inflammatory response in human pancreatic islets that mimics CCL2 expression by beta cells in type 2 diabetes
Sodium palmitate induces partial mitochondrial uncoupling and reactive oxygen species in rat pancreatic islets invitro
Free fatty acids and cytokines induce pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis by different mechanisms: role of nuclear factor-kappaB and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Chronic palmitate but not oleate exposure induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, which may contribute to INS-1 pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis
Glucose, palmitate and pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate production and activity of a phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase in rat pancreatic islets and a clonal beta cell line
Initiation and execution of lipotoxic ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells
Association Between Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Men and Women from the ATTICA Study
Evidence that low-grade systemic inflammation can induce islet dysfunction as measured by impaired calcium handling
Connecting Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes through Innate Immunity
The role of G protein-coupled receptor 40 in lipoapoptosis in mouse beta-cell line NIT-1
Perspective: postnatal pancreatic beta cell growth
Compensatory growth of pancreatic beta-cells in adult rats after short-term glucose infusion
Disruption of insulin receptor substrate 2 causes type 2 diabetes because of liver insulin resistance and lack of compensatory beta-cell hyperplasia
IGF-I and GH post-receptor signaling mechanisms for pancreatic beta-cell replication
Islet beta cell expression of constitutively active Akt1/PKB alpha induces striking hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and hyperinsulinemia
Regulation of pancreatic beta-cell growth and survival by the serine/threonine protein kinase Akt1/PKBalpha
New insights into the roles of insulin/IGF-I in the development and maintenance of beta-cell mass
Total insulin and IGF-I resistance in pancreatic beta cells causes overt diabetes
The glucagon-like peptides
The multiple actions of GLP-1 on the process of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion
Glucagon-like peptides: regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists and the development and growth of pancreatic beta-cells
Glucagon-like peptide-1 protects beta cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis and necrosis: role of protein kinaseB
Exendin-4 protects beta-cells from interleukin-1 beta-induced apoptosis by interfering with the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway
Exendin-4 protects oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis through reduced JNK and GSK3β activity
Oleic acid interacts with GPR40 to induce Ca2+ signaling in rat islet beta-cells: mediation by PLC and L-type Ca2+ channel and link to insulin release
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA(1)R/GPR40) and its involvement in fatty-acid-stimulated insulin secretion
Pharmacological regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 cells through the fatty acid receptor GPR40: identification of agonist and antagonist small molecules
Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40
Adenylyl cyclase 8 is central to glucagon-like peptide 1 signalling and effects of chronically elevated glucose in rat and human pancreatic beta cells
Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes
Stabilization of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II through the autoinhibitory domain
Glucose and GLP-1 stimulate cAMP production via distinct adenylyl cyclases in INS-1E insulinoma cells
Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor
The role of inflammation in insulitis and beta-cell loss in type 1 diabetes
Mechanisms of beta-cell death in type 2 diabetes
Islet inflammation impairs the pancreatic beta-cell in type 2 diabetes
Inflammation and insulin resistance
Role for GTP in glucose-induced phospholipase C activation in pancreatic islets
Glucose- and hormone-induced cAMP oscillations in α- and β-cells within intact pancreatic islets
Treatment with CNX-011-67, a novel GPR40 agonist, delays onset and progression of diabetes and improves beta cell preservation and function in male ZDF rats
Exercise training decreases proinflammatory profile in Zucker diabetic (type 2) fatty rats
Activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in infiltrating macrophages by endocannabinoids mediates beta cell loss in type 2 diabetes


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For the first time in many, many years a push of the reset button is needed for Amy Wade. The numerous changes in my life during 2016 (all VERY GOOD) leads me to believe a fresh start is the first thing on Amy Wade Originals agenda. This website is about my business and my creativity. A reset isn't going to be possible until I clear the "to do shelf" in my studio and there is one quilt leftover from last year that must get finished. This is my accountability spot. Today, January 9, 2017, I'm finishing a very dear friend's custom order. The humorous part of not having this finished is that I am the one who begged her to let me customize it.
P.S. I'm having lunch with her tomorrow so it would be a thrill to give it to her then!
P.P.S. This IS the first day of my business year because my kiddo's school went back this morning. PRAISE, PRAISE, PRAISE. Can I get Amen on that?


text: Several years ago I had to edit a video for a national retail chain. We were a bunch of graphic designers and artists with very little video experience. So I'm looking through the raw video and 100% of it is panning, zooming and moving the camera. I'm quizzing the video guy, "don't you have any static shots in here?" He thought static shots were too boring and not "artistic". We were able to make the video work using his footage integrated with still shots and the Ken Burns effect, lol. Fast forward to present day. The footage I see on here is almost 100% panning and tilting with a moving platform. My question for professionals here, is there no reason for static shots? When you're shooting a commercial or footage for a tv show is the camera ALWAYS moving? Bob


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Fabulous After 50 ~ Finding Fulfillment for Tomorrow - ISBN #9781603747370 by Author Shirley W. Mitchell, is a guide into the Boomer 50ish span of life. In this age of living longer, many women forget about living better. The race to prolong life somehow stops the drive to add quality to that life. This doesn't have to be so, and here is dynamic proof of that daring defiance. Author Shirley Mitchell challenges those approaching 50 not to dread it, but to relish the future. Greet it and make it your friend. Realize that passing through physical, emotional, and spiritual changes can take you to powerful places filled with new possibilities.
~ Challenge YOUR Age-Dare To Be Defiant
~ Relish The Future and Make It Your Friend
~ Re-Spark Your Life With A New Mental Posture
~ Accept Who YOU Are
~ Anticipate Change With A Royal Attitude
~ Smile - It's The Best Face Lift
~ Tone Your Health-Eat Right, Exercise and Have Fun
The 'Age of Discovery' is turning '50 Young'.
Finding Emotional and Spiritual Support for
Guidance and Experiencing Fulfillment for Tomorrow!
1.) Make Midlife Prime Time with a Positive Attitude Toward Aging
2.) Fighting Midlife Fears
3.) The Ageless Woman: Living Victoriously Is Possible by Embracing Our Spirituality
4.) Heritage, Happiness and Hope in Midlife: Shaping Our Spiritual Lives
5.) Courageous Aging: Shaping and Changing the Future
6.) Family and Friends After 50
7.) Debunking the Diet Mysteries: Eating Right
8.) Fitness After 50
9.) In the Jaws of Menopause
10.) Fiftyish-Female-Fabulous
11.) An Exciting and Vibrant Life from Here to Eternity
12.) Sizzling with Significance
Known today as "The Golden Egg of Aging™" and "The Original Baby Boomer Promoter™", Shirley W. Mitchell is the owner of the "Fabulous after 50®", "Sensational after 60®", "Radiant after 70®" and "Aging Outside the Box®" syndicated media groups. She is the author of 18 books including "The Christian Writer's Desk Diary", "The Beauty of Being God's Woman™", "Spiritual Sparks for Busy Women™", "Fabulous after 50®~Finding Fulfillment for Tomorrow", "Sensational after 60®~Loving Life All Over Again" and "Radiant after 70~Adding Sparkle and Spirit To Life®", and the co-author of 5 books including "Love Notes for Mom", "Love Notes for Dad", "101 Great Ways To Improve Your Life", "Love Like God~Embracing Unconditional Love" and "Women Will Save The World".
Shirley is the publisher of the syndicated "Fabulous after Fifty™" on-line column, a featured columnist for Senior Lifestyle Magazine, and a member of "The Lit Chicks Literary Writers Critique Group" of Sand Mountain Alabama. Ms. Mitchell has appeared on many local and national radio and TV shows, and has authored many articles that have appeared in Progress Magazine, Christian Life, Sonlite Gospel, The Messenger, The Shantyman, Mature Living, plus several other local and national publications.
Ms. Mitchell is the celebrity radio talk show host of the syndicated radio shows "Aging Outside the Box® Talk Radio With A Twist™" and "Aging Outside the Box® Christian Spiritual Sparks™".
Aging Outside the Box® ~ Talk Radio With A Twist" Syndicated Radio Show with Celebrity Radio Talk Show Host, Shirley W. Mitchell, is a weekly Top-Rated one-hour LIVE Broadcast aired every Wednesday night at 6PM-CST. The Show features Special Guests and Important Topics like Aging, Baby Boomers, Seniors and Senior Lifestyles, Over 50, Women's and Men's Issues, Health, Diet, Exercise, Fashion, Beauty, Nutrition, Faith, Travel, Reference, Culinary and Literary, along with some of the most important Medical Information of today.
Ms. Mitchell is managed and represented by Lighthouse Coastal Productions™ Syndicated Media Group™ and Lighthouse News Bureau™ - a Media, Marketing and Promotions Group, Producer of Radio and TV, and an Internet & Web Consultant. The Studio Office is located at 466 Sardis Cutoff Road Sardis City, AL.
"As I finished reading Fabulous after 50, I had the unmistakable feeling that I was 10 years younger than when I started. It's energy is contagious. Be careful you might catch it" ~ Dr. Walter M. Bortz, ll, M.D., Active Over 50
"With almost 80 million baby boomers riding the "Age Wave" into maturity, aging well suddenly has become a major focus in our society. I'm pleased that Fabulous after 50 boldly speaks to this generation. Well done!" ~ Dr. Ken Dychtwald, Ph.D., AgeWave
"Everyone seems to think that when you get to that "Golden" number, you are going to wilt away and dry up! Most boomers don't mind "owning their age", and I'm one of them. I'm proud to have lived this long, I love life and live life to the fullest each day! Aging is mostly all about one's attitude and faith. I loved being Fabulous after 50, then graduating to Sensational after 60, and now living my life as Radiant after 70! It's like graduating from grade school, going to junior high, then high school and entering college. God only gives us one day at a time, so we need to spend that gracious time to the best of our ability"... Shirley W. Mitchell
Shirley W. Mitchell
Author, Writer, Columnist, Speaker &
Celebrity Radio Talk Show Host
"Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength" Mark 12:30 NIV
"Fabulous after 50 is an excellent read about meeting this prime time with a positive attitude toward aging. This book boldly speaks to this generation and it would also be a good study guide. The book helps you realize that even as you pass through physical, emotional and spiritual changes, by welcoming 50, you open yourself up to powerful places of possibility" ~ Sue Stevens, University United Methodist Church Women's Mission Team
"Work with enthusiasm, as though you were working for the Lord rather than for people" Ephesians 6:7 NLT
We enjoy traveling, participating in Author Signings and Events, and connecting with people all over the country. We love to stop and visit Book Stores along our journey, and speak to the owners and managers... If you are a Book Store, and carry Ms. Mitchell's books, let us know ~ We will be glad to place your business on our Promo Page!
Alabama Writers Forum Self Growth WritersNet AuthorsDen WorldCat GoodReads LibraryThing BookDaily Authors and Experts MobileWG
Lighthouse Coastal Productions™ Syndicated Media Group
Lighthouse News Bureau™
466 Sardis Cutoff Road
Sardis City, AL 35956
tel. 256-202-3040
Host Bonnie Ann Bruderer
with Guest Shirley W. Mitchell >>>>>>>>>
The Future is Coming © by Shirley W. Mitchell, Syndicated Columnist
The Baby Boomers are getting older. In 1996, the leading edge of the 76 million babies born between 1946 and 1964 will reach 50 years old. Dr. Ken Dychtwald, author of the "Age Wave," compares this segment of our society with a 76 million pound elephant marching across America. This march of the aging elephant will endure for 18 years.
The approaching "Age Wave" was produced by the (1) senior boom (Americans are living longer, healthier and more active lives); (2) the birth dearth (the number of children being born will not offset the growing elder population); and (3) the aging baby boomers. As we anticipate this giant elephant of golden oldies, we must prepare for the future.
One solution is to create healthy aging. As science moves into better control of diseases, and people learn to exercise, eat and think healthy for prevention, at 90 years of age one could feel good.
Bob Hills, vice president of Merck and Co., made the statement, "We must make healthy aging a norm."
Maddy Kent Dychtwald, a member of Age Wave Inc., stated at a recent Age Wave Conference, "Contrary to popular opinion there is life after youth, and life can be good. "She believes Americans will change their paradigm from number of years lived to life stages.
We experience stages of life. Some examples are youth, parenting, career, empty nest, grandparenting, etc. As youth migrates into middle age, forty to sixty year olds will be center stage. America's old paradigm for life has been to march through life then retire at 65. The new paradigm will favor cyclic life or serial life. As we live longer and better, we will start new careers, new hobbies and new skills in mid-life. Life keeps getting better instead of deteriorating.
Age will be in charge of the future. Richness of life, God, family (roots), quality time, connecting with people, dining, care giving, dancing, music, adventure, gaining new skills, learning, traveling, exercise, health and spiritual growth will take precedent over things.
Shirley W. Mitchell, Author of the new Aging Boomer Series with Whitaker House, is the Owner and Founder of the Fabulous after 50® Media Group - a Motivational, Inspirational and Educational Company providing products and services related to Organizing and Conducting Educational Conferences, Classes, Symposiums, Seminars, Workshops, Speeches, Training Courses, and the Distribution of Materials including Multimedia Audio, Video, CD, DVD, Books, Newsletters, Articles, Electronic Books and Audio Publications focusing on Aging, Baby Boomers, Seniors and Senior Lifestyles, Women's and Men's Issues, Health, Diet, Exercise, Fashion, Beauty, Nutrition, Faith, Travel, Reference, Culinary and Literary located in Northern Alabama.
D&L Bistro is "The" place to dine in Alabama! A European style Restaurant with superb ambiance serving freshly prepared cuisine from the finest local ingredients. Enjoy their "Catch of the Day" from the freshest seafood, and the Signature Dishes are a treat! Don't forget to try the Zabaglione and Coffee! Order "Take-Out" if you are in hurry!
John Keith
John Keith Photography & Keith Pix
Official Photographer
Ellen & Mike Meece, Owners
Handfuls on Purpose Christian Bookstore
1301 Enterprise Way, Suite 50A
Marion, Illinois 62959
tel. 618-997-3507
Ms. Mitchell's Books Are Available at Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Christianbook.com, Books-a-Million, many on-line stores, and the ones listed below...
Arrive as "Guests" but leave as Family!
Make sure to say "Hello" to our good friends...
Owner-Chef David Yohn...
Partner Wade Marona...
and all the Fantastic Staff..!
Looking for a unique place for your next Anniversary party, Birthday party, Business meeting or Family get-to-gether... "D&L" is the Best Choice!
D&L Bistro
7500 SW Memorial Parkway Suite #124
Huntsville, AL 35802-2232
tel. 256-881-7244
Connect with them on Facebook! >>>>
"Join us and take a journey into the many concerns facing those who are attaining that incredible path for the future"
The Books that Started the
Boomer Journey ~
Fabulous after 50 & Sensational after 60
Book #2 in the Aging Boomer Series - Sensational after 60 ®...
Shirley W. Mitchell is well known for her enthusiastic embrace of life in The Golden Years. Her fourth book, Fabulous After 50, received nationwide attention. Shirley is a dynamic role model for 'Baby Boomers Heading Into Their Second Half '..! In this age of living longer, many women forget about living better. The race to prolong life somehow stops the drive to add quality to that life. This doesn't have to be so, and here is dynamic proof of that daring defiance.
Book #3 in the Aging Boomer Series - Radiant after 70®...
In the last, most thrilling quarter of life, join Shirley W. Mitchell in... Staying physically and mentally active, Blessing others with time-tested wisdom, Creating and fulfilling a bucket list, Recognizing and acting on symptoms of age-related health problems, and Choosing a positive, hopeful attitude. Embrace the positives of life and hold on to hope, which is not defined by outward circumstances. Be a light to others by living beautifully, even radiantly, after 70.
Lambert's Bibles and Gifts
Boaz, AL 35957
tel. 256-281-9380
Dennis & Andrea Lovvorn
The New Coveant Christian Bookstore
800 North Main St.
Shelbyville, TN 37160
tel. 931-684-8878
Logos Book Store 1575 York Ave #1 New York, NY 10028 tel. 212-517-7292
Logos Bookstore of Kent 976 W Main St. Kent, OH 44240 tel. 330-673-6099
Lifeline Christian Books and Gifts 1901 S 4th St, Ste 10 Effingham, IL tel. 217-342-3406
Logos Christian Bookstore 8131 Alexandria Pike Alexandria, KY 41001 tel. 859-635-9673
Logos of Fredericksburg 12200 Amos Lane Fredericksburg, VA 22407 tel. 540-786-4023
Logos Bookstore of Nashville 4012 Hillsboro Pike Nashville, TN tel. 615-297-5388
The Carpenter's Shop 1880 Epps Bridge Pkwy #108 Athens, GA 30606 tel. 706-546-7375
Lighthouse Christian Bookstore 196 Wc Bryant Pkwy Calhoun, GA 30701 tel. 706-629-2243
Logos Book Store 6620 Snider Plaza Dallas, TX 75205 tel. 214-369-3245
Christos Bookcenter 3611 Salem Rd SW. Rochester, MN 55902 tel. 507-252-9090
Heavensent Christian Books & Gifts 4600 W Craig Rd #201 North Las Vegas, NV 89032 tel. 702-658-7778
Harvest Logos Bookstore 503 N 50th St. Seattle, WA 98103 tel. 206-708-4847
Logos Bookstore & Caffe Caribe Harbour Bay Shopping Plaza Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas tel. 242-394-7040
Logos Bookstore of Hawaii 760 Halekauwila St. Honolulu, HI 96813 tel. 808-596-8890


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Parrot, a company best known for its commercial drone products, has presented at the recently held sUSB Expo in San Francisco its latest drone called the Parrot Bebop. This is a full GPS-guided drone that is controllable using an Android smartphone or tablet similar to the Parrot AR Drone. The difference this time around is that it comes with a high quality 14MP camera that is able to capture 1080p videos.
With the FAA now allowing civilians to fly drones we should expect a couple of these drones flying in our neighborhoods anytime soon. The Parrot Bebop drone can be used as a personal surveillance system. Designed to fly indoors or outdoors, it is able to sustain up to 12 minutes of airtime.
The drone uses four ceramic antennas for its Wi-Fi (802.11ac) connection allowing it to communicate with an Android device that has the FreeFlight3.0 app installed. The Android device being used will have two onscreen controllers which allows for movement and vision control. Images captured by its camera will be transmitted directly to the display of the mobile device.
A Skycontroller, which is sold as a bundle, can also be used with the drone which effectively increases its range up to 2 kilometers. This device attaches itself to a smartphone or tablet and increases the signal to 36dBm. It also comes with two physical flight sticks that are positioned on the left and right side of a mobile device which allows for easy control of the drone. The HDMI port on the Skycontroller can be used to connect the Oculus Rift. This will allow users to control the drone by head movement alone. We're not sure that you want to test the 2 kilometer distance though as this drone has a limited flight time.
In terms of design the Bebop comes with several improvements over its predecessors. The obvious upgrade is the availability of the 14MP camera that has a 180 degree field of view and can record Full HD videos which is stored in its 8GB of flash storage. The camera is able to pan, zoom, and is more stable in taking photos and videos while in flight. Then there's also the GPS feature which allows the drone to hover in place if the user takes their hands of the control. The GPS can also be used to plan a flight pattern or to send the drone home with just one press of a button. The propellers of the drone have shields which can be removed. If the propellers come in contact with an object they immediately stop spinning.
The Parrot Bebop drone is expected to be released in the fourth quarter of this year. It's going to be available as a single drone or packaged with the Skycontroller. There's still no information on how much it is going to cost however accompany representative said that it's going to be somewhere in the vicinity of $300 to $400.
via wsj


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The USCIS notified me that they have recieved my application and documents on November 14, 2012. They scheduled me for biometrics on Dec. 19th, 2012, rather than waiting until the specified date, I took my biometrics a week EARLIER than the usual ...
Yes, in my legal opinion, you can travel to Florida. John Alcorn, Attorney at Law, Irvine.See question
Hello, I'm a Legal Permanent Resident, I received my green card on November of 2011 and this November 2012 I married my GF who is a International Student holding a F1 visa with a D/S on her I-94 . Her studies ends 5/2015. We're unsure if w...
You should file an I-130 immediately.
1. She could well have problems at the POE reentering the U.S. I suggest she should not travel outside the U.S. until getting her green card.
2. If she remains in status as an LPR, she will be able to adjust.
Please call my office if you would like a free consultation. John R. Alcorn, Attorney at Law
Hi, My employer applied for H1 amendmnet as USICS gave the incorrect expiry date ( end date has been given as 04/2015 whereas it should be 02/2014)..I was just wondering in case my H1B amendment get denied, will I be out of status? please advice
In my opinion, you will probably be okay, even if the new petition seeking to amend gets denied.See question


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Ateneo Garden Palace4
Vai Dei Salentini 3, Roma, 00185
Price FromView Rooms
This hotel doesn't have any reviews yet.
About the hotel
The Ateneo Garden Palace luxury hotel, situated in Rome, in San Lorenzo, one of the most traditional districts is an early 20th century liberty style building, fully air conditioned. Centrally located between La Sapienza university and Termini railway station, the hotel Ateneo Garden Palace offers an enchanting, very sophisticated ambience and the ideal place for either a business or leisure stay in Rome. On-site facilities at the Ateneo Garden Palace are a marvellous garden, meeting rooms and a bar.
Ateneo Garden Palace Hotel Rome has 55 rooms in the following categories: single, double single use, double, double standard, Junior suite and triple. All rooms are equipped with air conditioning, private bathroom, safe, hairdryer, mini bar, satellite TV, direct dial telephone and heating. How to reach Hotel Ateneo Garden Palace By car The hotel is easily reachable from any point of the Grande Raccordo Anulare, connected to all main highways; follow the indications to Roma centro and then to Termini station. By train The hotel is 10 minutes walk from Termini railway station. By airplane Roma Fiumicino airport is connected to the city by highway or by a local train service, called Leonardo Express, leaving every 30 minutes to Termini station. Roma Ciampino airport is just a few bus stops from the Anagnina station of underground line A. The ride to Termini takes about 20 minutes. Transport Services Hotel Ateneo Garden Palace Shuttle service from and/or to the airport Valet service Valet service is available paying €16,00 for small cars, €18,00 for medium sized cars and €20,00 for big cars. The price may vary. The hotel organizes a shuttle service to Fiumicino and Ciampino airports.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Main
- Air conditioning in rooms, 24 Hour Reception, Safety Deposit Box, Hairdryer in each room, Minibar in each room, Telephone In Each Room, Concierge, Wake Up Call Available, Currency Exchange, Porter, Ground floor bedrooms, Lift to all floors, Public Air Conditioning
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available, In-room Broadband, In-room Modem Hook up, Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas, Wi-Fi Available In Rooms
- In Room Entertainment
- TV, Satellite TV
- Accessibility
- Disabled Access Public Areas, Disabled Access Bedrooms, Disabled toilets on ground floor
- Dining
- Bar, Breakfast to go
- Leisure
- [Channels] News, [Channels] Movies (Free), [Channels] Foreign (European), [Channels] Foreign (Other), [Channels] Music, [Channels] Childrens
Useful Info Show/hide
- From 14:00 hours
- By 10:00 hours
- Up to 8 years old
- The LateRooms.com rate for Ateneo Garden Palace in Roma is the total price of the room and not the 'per person' rate. All taxes are included, with the exception of city tax, which will be charged at 3.00(EUR) per person per night and is payable to the hotel directly.
- Pets are not allowed
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Added to Shopping Bag
Gucci Timepiece 6800L
Listed by Andrea D.
Price: $258.00
Returnable for site
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Timepiece 6800L
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8 people saved this item
- Dead battery
- Missing accessories (box, dustbag)
- Scratches on band
Subtle scratches on band.
Needs a new battery.
Authentic Gucci watch! Original retail value approximately $1400. Bangle style with snap closure. Peach face with extremely subtle horizontal micro-stripes in same color. Gorgeous! Face says Gucci and has silver hour, minute, and second hands. (See visual for additional detail.) Perfect fit for about a 6" wrist. Extremely comfortable! Needs a new battery. Used only about 10-20 times. Light scratching on top portion of band. Looks delicate on the wrist. Back reads: (R) GUCCI timepieces 6800L SWISS MADE STAINLESS STEEL WATER RESISTANT 3 ATM 0005586
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Wed 8/23/17 - Sat 8/26/17 (5-8 days)
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Mille offers premium Italian luxury in a refined, mid-cut dress shoe. Crafted in tumbled leather with tonal suede and subtle race-inspired red stitch detailing, this versatile style features the same sole and Roll Control™ heel as our popular Campione.
Note: This product is only available for North America & Australia. Your order will be canceled if ordered for a different region than the aforementioned.
Details:Color: BlackMaterial: Tumbled leather with suede trim; 80% rubber and 20% leather sole.Made in Italy.
Click to view Piloti's Return Policy


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Where do I go from here to send a real mass email?Asked by Bluesailor on October 26, 2015 at 12:42 PM
These screen shots show my progress through the test period. From here how do I send the real thing?
JotForm Support
Inside of this guide you can find how to send JotForm Email Newsletters:
The test email is only used at the step 2 where the test button is at. On the 4th step is where the actual emails are sent.
Hope this will help. Let us know if you need further assistance.
JotForm Support
On behalf of my collegue, you are welcome.
If you have more questions, feel free to contact us.


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Crimen sollicitationis (Latin for "the crime of soliciting") was a letter sent in 1962 by Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, Secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, to "all Patriarchs, Archbishops, Bishops and other Local Ordinaries, including those of Eastern Rite".
In the document, the Holy Office laid down procedures to be followed in dealing with cases of clerics (priests or bishops) of the Roman Catholic Church accused of having used the sacrament of Penance to make sexual advances to penitents; its rules were more specific than the generic ones in the Code of Canon Law.[2] In addition, it instructed that the same procedures be used when dealing with denunciations of homosexual, paedophile or zoophile behaviour by clerics.
It repeated the rule that any Catholic who failed for over a month to denounce a priest who had made such advances in connection with confession was automatically excommunicated and could be absolved only after actually denouncing the priest or at least promising seriously to do so.[3]
A revision of the document, in line with the 1983 Code of Canon Law (which had replaced the 1917 Code that was in force in 1962) and the 1990 Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, was issued in 2001 in the form of the Instruction De delictis gravioribus. An English translation of this 2001 Instruction appeared on Origins, 31:32 (24 January 2001).
Canon law on cases of solicitation in confession
The Code of Canon Law in force when Crimen sollicitationis was issued[4] obliged anyone whom a priest solicited in confession to denounce him within one month and ordered that any such priest be subjected to a serious ecclesiastical punishment:
Canon 904. Ad normam constitutionum apostolicarum et nominatim constitutionis Benedicti XIV Sacramentum Poenitentiae, 1 Iun. 1741, debet poenitens sacerdotem, reum delicti sollicitationis in confessione, intra mensem denuntiare loci Ordinario, vel Sacrae Congregationi S. Officii; et confessarius debet, graviter onerata eius conscientia, de hoc onere poenitentem monere.
Canon 2368 §1. Qui sollicitationis crimen de quo in can. 904, commiserit, suspendatur a celebratione Missae et ab audiendis sacramentalibus confessionibus vel etiam pro delicti gravitate inhabilis ad ipsas excipiendas declaretur, privetur omnibus beneficiis, dignitatibus, voce activa et passiva, et inhabilis ad ea omnia declaretur, et in casibus gravioribus degradationi quoque subiiciatur
Canon 904. In accordance with the apostolic constitutions, in particular the constitution Sacramentum Poenitentiae of Benedict XIV of 1 June 1741, a penitent must within one month denounce to the local Ordinary or the Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office a priest guilty of the crime of solicitation in confession; and a confessor must, under a grave obligation of conscience, inform a penitent of this duty.
Canon 2368 §1. Anyone who has committed the crime of solicitation dealt with in canon 904 is to be suspended from celebrating Mass and hearing sacramental confessions and, if the gravity of the crime calls for it, he is to be declared unfit for hearing them; he is to be deprived of all benefices and ranks, of the right to vote or be voted for, and is to be declared unfit for all of them, and in more serious cases he is to be reduced to the lay state.
Crimen sollicitationis indicated the procedure to be followed between a denunciation and the possible infliction of a penalty.
Outline of the letter Crimen sollicitationis
- Preliminaries (sections 1-14)
- Title One: First intimation of the crime (15-28)
- Title Two: The trial (29-60)
- Chapter I: Investigation (29-41)
- Chapter II: Canonical regulations and cautioning of the accused (42-46)
- Chapter III: Summoning the accused (47-54)
- Chapter IV: Conduct of the trial, verdict and appeal (55-60)
- Title Three: Penalties (61-65)
- Title Four: Official communication (66-70)
- Title Five: The most evil crime (71-74)
- Approval by Pope John XXIII on 16 March 1962
- Appendices:
- Formula A: oath of office
- Formula B: abjuration of errors
- Formula C: absolution from excommunication
- Formula D: delegating a person to receive a denunciation
- Formula E: receiving a denunciation
- Formula F: delegating a person to examine witnesses
- Formula G: full examination of a witness (about the priest and the accuser)
- Formula H: partial examination of a witness (about the accuser only)
- Formula I: general examination of the accuser
- Formula L: conclusions and proposal of the Promoter of Justice
- Formula M: decision of the Local Ordinary
- Formula N: admonition of the accused
- Formula O: decree of arraignment
- Formula P: examination of the accused
- Formula Q: conclusions and proposal of the Promoter of Justice
- Formula R: sentencing a convicted accused person who denies guilt
- Formula S: sentencing a convicted accused person who admits guilt
- Formula T: communication of the sentence to the accused
The document's title, "Instructio de modo procedendi in causis sollicitationis" (Instruction on procedure in solicitation cases), indicates that it was composed to indicate how to carry out a canonical investigation into accusations of solicitation. It described the procedures to be followed in each phase: reception of a denunciation; the course of the investigation, summoning the accused, sentencing, and the possibility of appeal.
The result of the investigation could vary:
- if the accusation appeared to be unfounded, this was stated in the record and the documents containing the accusation were destroyed;
- if only vague evidence emerged, the case was filed away for use if fresh evidence appeared;
- if the evidence was strong but insufficient for arraigning the accused, he was given an admonition and the records were preserved with a view to any further developments;
- if the evidence was strong enough, the accused person was summoned and a canonical trial took place.
Quoting canon 2368 §1 of the 1917 Code of Canon Law, then in force, Crimen sollicitationis, 61 indicated the penalties that could be imposed after conviction. These penalties, such as suspension a divinis, deprivation of an office or rank, and reduction to the lay state, were of public character, even if the trial itself had been conducted with all due secrecy.
The same part of the document laid down that, in addition to those penalties and not as a replacement for them, penances should be imposed on guilty priests, and those in danger of repeating their crime should be subjected to particular vigilance (64).
Except in connection with the sacrament of Penance, canon law imposed no legal obligation - though a moral one might exist - to denounce clerics guilty of engaging in or attempting a homosexual act; but the procedure described in Crimen sollicitationis was to be followed also in dealing with such accusations (71-72). And any gravely sinful external obscene act with prepubescent children of either sex or with animals engaged in or attempted by a cleric was to be treated, for its penal effects, as equivalent to an actual or attempted homosexual act (73).
Unless solicitation in connection with Confession was involved, not only the local bishop but also superiors of religious orders exempt from the jurisdiction of the local bishop could proceed, either by formal trial or non-judicially ("modo administrativo"), against members of those orders who had committed such crimes; superiors of non-exempt religious orders could also do so, but only non-judicially (74).
Secrecy of the trial
Speaking of the investigation of accusations of the crime of solicitation, section 11 of Crimen sollicitationis said:
Quoniam vero quod in hisce causis tractandis maiorem in modum curari et observari debet illud est ut eaedem secretissime peragantur et, postquam fuerint definitae et executioni iam traditae, perpetuo silentio premantur (Instr. Sancti Officii, 20 febr. 1867, n. 14); omnes et singuli ad tribunal quomodocumque pertinentes vel propter eorum officium ad rerum notitiam admissi arctissimum secretum, quod secretum Sancti Officii communiter audit, in omnibus et cum omnibus, sub poena excommunicationis latae sententiae, ipso facto et absque alia declaratione incurrendae atque uni personae Summi Pontificis, ad exclusionem etiam Sacrae Poenitentiariae, reservatae, inviolabiliter servare tenentur.
As, assuredly, what must be mainly taken care of and complied with in handling these trials is that they be managed with maximum confidentiality and after the verdict is declared and put into effect never be mentioned again (20 February 1867 Instruction of the Holy Office, 14), each and every person, who in any way belongs to the tribunal or is given knowledge of the matter because of their office, is obliged to keep inviolate the strictest secrecy (what is commonly called "the secrecy of the Holy Office") in all things and with all persons, under pain of automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication, incurred ipso facto without need of any declaration other than the present one, and reserved to the Supreme Pontiff in person alone, excluding even the Apostolic Penitentiary.
The document thus imposed absolute secrecy on the conduct of the trial, even after it had ended and its verdict, favourable or unfavourable, had been put into effect. An oath of secrecy was to be taken not only by the members of the tribunal but also by the person or persons denouncing the priest, by the witnesses, and by the accused priest himself, who was free to discuss it only with his defence counsel (Section 13 of the document).
The oath of office to be taken by the members of the tribunal was given as Formula A:
... Spondeo, voveo ac iuro, inviolabile secretum me servaturum in omnibus et singulis quae mihi in praefato munere exercendo occurrerint, exceptis dumtaxat iis quae in fine et expeditiones [recte: expeditione] huius negotii legitime publicari contingat ... neque unquam directe vel indirecte, nutu, verbo, scriptis, aut alio quovis modo et sub quocumque colorato praetextu, etiam maioris boni aut urgentissimae et gravissimae causae, contra hanc secreti fidem quidquam commissurum, nisi peculiaris facultas aut dispensatio expresse mihi a Summo Pontifice tributa fuerit.
… I do promise, vow and swear that I will maintain inviolate secrecy about each and every thing brought to my knowledge in the performance of my aforesaid function, excepting only what may happen to be lawfully published when this process is concluded and put into effect … and that I will never directly or indirectly, by gesture, word, writing or in any other way, and under any pretext, even that of a greater good or of a highly urgent and serious reason, do anything against this fidelity to secrecy, unless special permission or dispensation is expressly granted to me by the Supreme Pontiff.
The ecclesiastical penalty for violation of secrecy by members of the tribunal was automatic excommunication. For the accused priest, it was only automatic suspension a divinis. No ecclesiastical penalty was imposed on accuser(s) and witnesses, unless violation of secrecy occurred after an explicit warning given in the course of their examination (Section 13 of the document).
Purpose of the secrecy
The document dealt exclusively with the procedure to be followed in connection with a denunciation to the ecclesiastical authority of a priest guilty of solicitation in Confession or of similar acts. It imposed secrecy about the conduct of the ecclesiastical trial, not allowing, for instance, statements made during the trial by witnesses or by the accused to be published. But it did not in any way impose silence on those who were victims of the priest's conduct or who had learned of it in ways unconnected with the ecclesiastical trial.
"These matters are confidential only to the procedures within the Church, but do not preclude in any way for these matters to be brought to civil authorities for proper legal adjudication. The Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People of June, 2002, approved by the Vatican, requires that credible allegations of sexual abuse of children be reported to legal authorities."[5]
Some interpret the secrecy about the procedure as a cover-up of scandalous conduct. This view was presented in a BBC documentary film Sex Crimes and the Vatican.[6] of 1 October 2006.
Others see it as aimed rather at the protection of all involved, the accused, the victim/denouncer and the witnesses, before the verdict was passed: "It allows witnesses to speak freely, accused priests to protect their good name until guilt is established, and victims to come forward who don't want publicity. Such secrecy is also not unique to sex abuse. It applies, for example, to the appointment of bishops."[7]
A presentation of the question can be read in a study [8] of 1 November 2006 by Thomas Doyle, OP, JCD.
- ↑ "Crimen sollicitationis habetur cum sacerdos aliquem poenitentem, quaecumque persona illa sit, vel in actu sacramentalis confessionisa revi; vel ante aut immediate post confessionem ..." (opening words of the document)
- ↑ Codex Iuris Canonici (1917), Liber quartus: De processibus
- ↑ "18. «Fidelis vero, qui scienter omiserit eum, a quo sollicitatus fuerit, intra mensem denuntiare contra praescriptum (suprarelati) Canonis 904, incurrit in excommunicationem latae sententiae nemini reservatam, non absolvendus nisi postquam obligationi satisfecerit aut se satisfacturum serio promiserit»"
- ↑ The law in force since 1983 is as follows:
Canon 1387. Sacerdos, qui in actu vel occasione vel praetextu confessionis paenitentem ad peccatum contra sextum Decalogi praeceptum sollicitat, pro delicti gravitate, suspensione, prohibitionibus, privationibus puniatur, et in casibus gravioribus dimittatur e statu clericali.
Canon 1387. A priest who in confession, or on the occasion or under the pretext of confession, solicits a penitent to commit a sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue (in the traditional Orthodox and Catholic numbering, the commandment against adultery - Ed.), is to be punished, according to the gravity of the offence, with suspension, prohibitions and deprivations; in the more serious cases he is to be dismissed from the clerical state.
- ↑ April 2005 statement by Joseph Fiorenza, then Archbishop of Galveston-Houston
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Explaining "Crimen Sollicitationis". John L. Allen Jr., National Catholic Reporter, 15 August 2003
- ↑ s, updated Version of October 2008 in [2]
See also
- De delictis gravioribus a letter sent from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith by its prefect, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, to Bishops of the entire Catholic Church
External links
- Instructio. De modo procedendi in causis de crimine sollicitationis, original text of Crimen sollicitationis (in Latin) with a few hand-written notes in English by someone perhaps interested in grounds for appeal against a decision. The few lines on the final page are missing (confirmatory oath by the accused, and certification by the notary), but can be reconstructed from the English translation.
- Private English translation Examples of inaccuracy and obscurity in this translation have been presented on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Crimen_sollicitationis
- "Vatican Document Instructed Secrecy in Abuse Cases" by Kathleen A. Shaw in Worcester Telegram & Gazette, 29 July 2003. Accessed 3 September 2007.
- 1962 document orders secrecy in sex cases: Many bishops unaware obscure missive was in their archives by John L. Allen Jr., 7 August 2003 in National Catholic Reporter. Accessed 3 September 2007.
- Explaining Crimen Sollicitationis" by John L. Allen Jr., 15 August 2003 in National Catholic Reporter. Accessed 3 September 2007.
- The 1962 Vatican Instruction "Crimen sollicitationis" by Thomas Doyle. Accessed 24 August 2009.
- CBS: 1962 Vatican Documentcs:Crimen sollicitationissl:Crimen sollicitationis


text:
This series of work began life in Berlin when I was between apartments with all my art equipment locked in a cellar in Kreuzberg. I created some small pieces for an exhibition from paper and ink i.e. ready to hand materials, and this sparked off a whole series of diorama style 3d scenes, which much later then led to making sculptures from clay and other mixed media.
The series was broadly based on the theme "My Fairytale Life" hinting at the illustrative quality of the drawing. I created tiny paper scenes within boxes or under glass in presenting a more adult, and depressing hopeless version of the fairytale ending. The sculptures led to some large scale ink and acrylic drawings completed in a similar style to the three-dimensional work and the use of drawings as photographic subjects.


text:
Description Edit
This is my Gameplay/Walkthrough of Warcraft 3 Reign of Chaos Elf Campaign Part 7/Chapter 8 - Twilight of the Gods All items and complete optional quests. If you enjoy the video subscribe.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/RedskyStream/
Warcraft 3 Reign of Chaos is strategy oriented game. Through the game, you play for four races(human, undead, orc and night elf). At first, You play for human, where your main hero is prince Arthas of Lordareon. Then you will play campaign for undead also for Arthas. Then you play with Orc in land Kalimdor and your main hero is Thrall now. After you win this campaign you will play final campaign for night elf witch priestess Tyrande and later for Shando Stormrage.
This walkthrough include all battles of all campaign. You can watch it through the playlist which you can find here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpSIfmhMgbc&index=1&list=PL8vz9gMKwJCIEHu3c1yRWhcbWKsyjw5tm All parts are sorted same as you will go through them in your game.
After finishing the game you can play Warcraft 3 Frozen Throne which follows directly to Warcraft 3 Reign of Chaos. Through the game you meet more new heroes for each race. You can play for Maiev when you play campaign for night elf. You can play for Kael'Thas in campaign for human and for Undead you will play for Arthas again. If you wand play for orc you can play short bonus campaign witch three missions for Rexxar with his loyal bear Misha. During the missions you will help Thrall to build Orgrimar and protect new homeland of the horde.
warcraft 3 gameplay | warcraft 3 walkthrough | warcraft 3 reign of chaos | warcraft 3 orc | Warcraft 3 human| warcraft 3 undead | warcraft 3 elf
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The European aftermarket is facing substantial change. Block Exemption and new rules governing competition will bring a major shake-up. The sector is also subject to factors such as trend changes in the quality of OE parts and their longevity. A new report by Autobusiness examines European aftermarket prospects in some detail. Will there be winners and losers?
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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
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What is the maximum amount of documents to make on JotForm?Asked by CASAVFC on October 14, 2014 at 04:20 PM
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You can see detailed information about what we offer in our pricing guide.
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text:
Bannock County Democratic legislative leaders from Districts 29 and 30 -- Rep. Elaine Smith, Rep. Roy Lacey, Sen. Diane Bilyeu and Sen. Edgar Malepeai – will be hosting a Legislative Forum event at Pocatello City Hall this Tuesday, June 28th beginning at 7:00 PM.
This forum is being held to discuss what has been happening on the legislative front, and to receive input from constituents about what should be addressed during the next session. The intent of holding a forum at this early date is to give the legislators time to work on the specific concerns of the citizens in Bannock County.
Our Democratic Legislators want and encourage your input on the important issues facing the people of Bannock County. Bring your questions, concerns and comments on the topics that matter most to you to the Legislative Forum at Pocatello City Hall this Tuesday, June 28th, 2011 beginning at 7:00 PM. The Legislators look forward to seeing you there.


text:
- You are here:
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Sarah Gilbert
We recommend: Making these lamb chops with spinach and saffron rice. Add the spring onions, tomatoes, chorizo and cucumber to the rice for a twist! The spinach in this recipe can be replaced with the cabbage instead. If you fancy making something sweet these mini strawberry crostatas are the perfect choice.
Twists: You could try this recipe with pork chops instead
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Linh Cao 28/08/2016 lúc 19:57
Điền a,an,some hoặc any
1. Is there any sugar left, múm? - Yes, I bought ..... yesterday.
2. would you like......can of soda?
3.He always has ..... egg and ....... loaf of bread for breakfast.
4. We are going to plant ..... trees around the schoolyard.
5.Would youlike ...... help
Các câu hỏi liên quan khác...
Dưới đây là những câu có bài toán hay do HOC24 lựa chọn.


text:
Fraud Risk in Audit Activities According to IAS 8
According to international auditing standards, fraud is an intentionally action realised by one or more persons as management, employees or third parties, action that generate erroneous interpretation of financial statements. The real intention is to cheat. However, there can be involved some erroneous calculus generated by creative accounting. The concept of "error" refers to unintentionally mistakes that could appear in financial statements. We think there could be mathematical or accounting mistakes, unintentionally omission, or wrong interpretation of certain facts, accounting policies wrong application. All these actions are unwittingly. It is very important to identify situations cause and take necessary measures to eliminate them
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Volume (Year): 2 (2014)
Issue (Month): 1 (March)
Pages: 46-49
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Has anyone ever encrypted a drive that sql server is running from. If so what did you use?
My situation is this I have four laptops running sql express 2005. I would like to encrypt the entire drive with something like truecrypt to ensure the db integrity in case one of the laptops walks off all by itself.
When I did this with trucrypt, sql didn't much care for it and threw all sorts of errors at me for my reading pleaser.
Any very very very cheap or free suggestions to solve this problem from any spice users would be most welcome.
3 Replies
Jul 1, 2009 at 7:57 UTC
With TrueCrypt did you choose to encrypt the drive itself or just a folder? I am suprised SQL spit errors back at you, do you have any more detail on that as we are going to look to do something similar soon.
Jul 1, 2009 at 8:26 UTC
Here is my scenario. I have a laptop in an ambulance with a medical DB. Hence HIPA compliance plays a roll. What I wanted for the setup was an encrypted hard drive and then an encrypted folder also.
My initial test setup was to encrypt the entire drive. This gave me errors. I then had just the DB folder encrypted, this ran ok.
I also have it setup to un-mount the encrypted folder after 60 seconds. I needed to do this simple because if the laptop isleft on the full drive encryption means nothing and if the DB is mounted I just wasted my time encrypting anything. Now what are the chances that paramedics are going to just jump out of a squad without doing anything to the laptop first?
SQL spit errors at me when the entire drive was encrypted.
It ran just fine when the folder that the DB resides in was encrypted and the drive was not.
I will also warn you though that if the folder is un-mounted when your app is running you are almost forced to do a re-boot to get things to work properly again.
Jul 1, 2009 at 8:33 UTC
Well that makes sense that if the folder is unmounted that SQL isn't going to like it. Maybe you would be better off tweaking the power settings on the machine so that it goes into hibernation, then truecrypt will force the passphrase once again on wake.


text:
Lily Becker Period. 2
Omaha Zoo Trip May 1st 2014
The adventures to the Omaha zoo!
Common Headline: Black Clown fish Scientific Name: Amphiprioninae
Biome: Marine/Fresh and Salt Water Home/Range/Habitat: Coral Reef
Species Adaptations: Fish Adaptation:
1) Has more rounded caudal fins 1) All fish have gills
2) mucus which coats the body. 2) All have backbone
3)To be immune to the sting of anemone. 3) are all coldblooded.
4) coloring warns of other predatorss 4) They all live in water.
5) It can "Bleach" itself to blend. 5) Most have scales.
Common Name: Panamanian golden frog Scientific Name: Atelopus zeteki
Biome: Rainforests Home Range/Habitat: Streams and Mountains.
1)All amphibians can survive in both water and land. 1)Produce some toxins
2) they can all swim 2)females lay sensitive eggs.
3)Long powerful legs that swim very we 3)Poison their prey before they feast on it.
4) Most have scales 4)Endangered
5) All born in water, 5)Females are twice the size of males.
Common Name: American Alligator Scientific Name: Alligator mississippiensis
Biome: slow-moving rivers and marshes
Home range/ Habitat: Freshwater swamps, marshes, rivers, lakes, and occasionally, smaller bodies of water (Native to North America)
1)a powerful tail to act as a rudder in water 1) Poor Eyesight
2)webbed and clawed feet for swimming 2) camouflage to avoid predators
3)massive jaw closing muscles for feeding 3)All cold- blooded
4)a protective, armor plated skin-and 4)employ behavioral adaptations in order to a distinctive form of camouflage regulate body temp.
5)Alligators eyes, ears, and nostrils are 5) All have scales
all positioned on top of their head.
Common Name: Scarlet Macaw Scientific Name: Ara macao
Biome: South America Home Range/Habitat: Evergreen Forests
1) All have Feathers 1)strong beak to crush the seeds and nuts
2) Each one has a beak to determine 2) Omnivore which bird they are
3) Every bird has wings 3)have sharp talons for grabbing hold of branches.
4) Each has 4 chambered heart 4) Fly in groups
5) Light Skeleton 5) Communicate through loud screams or squawks.
Common Name:Sun Bear Scientific Name: Helarctos malayanus
Biome: Southeast Asia. Home Range/Habitat:Tropical forest
1)warm blooded 1)Sun bears have large paws
2)nurse their babies and they 2)have a long tongue to stick
bear live young ones into beehives to get honey,
3)hair growing on their bodies 3)coarse coats that prevent rain from getting to their skin
4)heart has 4 chambers 4)loose skin around their necks
5) females produce milk to feed 5)Short hair allows them to survive
their young. in a hotter environment


text:
Me and my boyfriend have tried it but it doesn't really appeal to either of us...so why do most people seem to like it so much?
Most Helpful Girl
it feels good. I love french kissing my bf. but we don't shove our tongues down each others throats, usually just softly lick each others tongues.
but if you guys don't like it then don't do it. or maybe just practice and experiment with it a bit to see what you do like.00|00|0


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Jake was the biggest Golden Retriever we all have ever seen. Some would say he had to be mixed with St. Benard. Either way Jake was ours and always will be. He may look huge, but he was a puppy at heart. He always wanted to be around Dad, and anyone else that could tolerate his neediness. When you sat on the sofa he was either right there next to you or on the floor by your feet. If you were in the bed ready to go to sleep he was right there with you taking up the entire bottom of the bed. He was so sweet and lovable.
You will be missed but always remembered!
In loving memory of our Jake who we love so much. Jake will be greatly missed and be in our hearts forever.
They say memories are golden well maybe that is true. But I never wanted memories, I only wanted you. A million times I needed you, a million times I cried. If love alone could have saved you, you never would have died. In life I loved you dearly, In death I love you still. In my heart you hold a place no one could ever fill. If tears could build a stairway and heartache make a lane, I'd walk the path to heaven and bring you back again. Our family chain is broken, and nothing seems the same. But as God calls us one by one, the chain will link again...
~Author Unknown
Two handsome men on one cover! WOW!
"Don't cry because it's over. Smile because it happened." Theodor Geisel
That's right, I am a super pup!
Please sign the guestbook for Jake by clicking here
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