text:
You can make real money by taking surveys online.
Companies want real, honest opinions from consumers and are willing to pay you for them.
Some survey websites offer excellent rewards and gifts, but if you're looking to make cash from surveys, you'll have to find survey for money websites.
Fortunately, there are plenty.
Some offer rewards to redeem for cash payments and others offer cash as a reward.
Either way, you'll be making real money just by sharing your honest thoughts.
How to Make Real Money from Online Surveys?
Signing up for just one survey website isn't likely to pay you a lot of money.
But, if you are diligent about answering daily surveys for multiple sites, you can make a decent part-time income.
The trick is to check your e-mail daily – preferably, multiple times per day – and respond to surveys shortly after they're sent.
Many survey websites send out e-mails every time new surveys are available.
But, surveys can fill up quickly, especially the higher-paying ones.
Sign up for your favorite money survey websites from this list, test them out for a while, and see which ones pay you the best.
Not everyone will have the same experience with each website, as demographics play a huge role in qualifying you for surveys.
Stick with your top three to five choices and regularly respond to surveys from them.
Keep track of your account so you can cash out as soon as your cash out minimum has been reached.
Legit Online Survey Jobs That Pay Cash
The following websites all pay cash for surveys in the form of either PayPal (or another online payment service), check, direct deposit, or a prepaid debit card.
Many of them are based on reward points systems, but your points can be redeemed for cash.
Swagbucks (review) (USA, UK, Canada, India, Ireland, Australia, 13+)
Swagbucks offers several ways to earn money, like cash back shopping, referrals, playing games, and paid web searches. But taking surveys can earn you money fast if you check back daily for more. Each paid task earns you SwagBucks that you can redeem for PayPal, gift cards, and more. You'll need 2,500 SwagBucks to earn $25 PayPal cash.
Vindale Research (review) (US, Australia, UK, and Canada, 18+)
Vindale Research will give you $2 once you sign up to become a panelist. It offers cash for surveys and some surveys have as much as a $50 payout. You can redeem your earnings with a check or PayPal when you have a minimum of $50. Pays twice per month.
Pinecone Research (review) (US, Canada, and UK, 18+)
You will earn reward points for completing surveys with Pinecone Research. This one pays via PayPal, check, or Prepaid VISA. Your first 300 points will be redeemed for a check to establish your account, after which your points will accumulate as usual. Minimum payout $1.
Inbox Dollars (review) (Worldwide, 18+)
Inbox Dollars pays by Prepaid VISA after you have $30 in your account. In addition to surveys, you can earn money through paid videos, paid searches, paid games, and more. Regular members wait between 10 and 16 days for payments to process, but you can become a Gold Member after your first payment is processed and will receive payments faster.
MySurvey (review) (USA, 16+; Canada, 14+)
MySurvey pays via PayPal or you can redeem points for gift cards. Must have 1,200 points, or $10, to cash out. You can also earn money through the Refer-A-Friend program, product testing, mobile surveys, and more.
Toluna (review) (Worldwide, 13+)
Toluna allows you to be part of a bigger community where you can voice your opinions and even create your own opinion polls. When you take surveys, or refer your friends to Toluna, you'll receive Toluna Points, which are redeemable via PayPal. Minimum points needed to exchange for PayPal is 90,000. You'll receive 500 just for signing up.
CashCrate (review) (Worldwide, 13+)
CashCrate pays once per month and offers several ways to make money in addition to surveys, like friend and family referrals, cash back for shopping, and playing games. Pays via check and even has a "Payment Wall" where you can post proof of your payment. Cash out minimum is $20.
Global Test Market (review) (Worldwide, 14+)
When you take surveys with Global Test Market, you receive Market points, which are redeemable for PayPal and other rewards. You can earn up to $5 per survey.
E-Poll Surveys (review) (US, 13+)
E-Poll Surveys pays via PayPal when you redeem your points for cash. You must have at least $5, or 3750 points, to cash out. Your points, however, increase in value as you accumulate them, so it's best to save them up!
Opinion Outpost (US, 18+)
Opinion Outpost pays for surveys with PayPal, Amazon gift cards, or iTunes gift cards, and gives its members a chance to win a $10,000 quarterly drawing. Must have 100 points, or $10, before cashing out with PayPal.
Panda Research (US, 18+)
You can earn money with Panda Research by taking paid surveys and completing offers. It also offers compensation from paid emails and friend referrals. Pays twice per month with PayPal.
Consumer Village (US, 18+)
Consumer Village surveys are usually short and easy, according to its members. You do not need to request your payment from Consumer Village. Instead, it will be sent to you via check as soon as you reach $5.
Crowdology (US and UK, 18+)
Earn between $0.40 and $10 per survey from Crowdology, and sometimes more for longer surveys. You can cash out with a minimum of $8 via PayPal. Crowdology offers extra money for referrals and has a drawing of $20 monthly for anyone who has completed a survey that month.
Directive Analytics Panel (Worldwide, 18+)
Directive Analytics Panel offers DirectPoints for completed surveys. You can redeem your DirectPoints via check by mail. Payments take about 6 to 8 weeks to receive. 100 DirectPoints equals $1.00.
Engage Studies (Worldwide, 18+)
Engage Studies offers surveys for consumers and medical professionals. You can receive between $50 and $250 for survey. Studies are not offered frequently, but pay is much higher per study than most. Pays via check.
ESearch (Worldwide, 18+)
ESearch offers cash incentives for each survey that pay via PayPal. You'll be told how much you're offered for the survey when you receive your invitation. Incentives usually range between $1 and $5.
HCD Surveys (US, 18+)
HCD Surveys rewards you with points per survey, with 100 points equaling $1. Surveys pay between $1 and $5 each. You must have at least 1,000 points ($10) before you can cash out via check, which takes about 6 to 8 weeks to receive.
Mindspay (US, 18+)
Mindspay pays solely through PayPal and you can cash out in multiples of $50. There is a 30 day wait period after submitting for payment to become eligible for the next pay period. Pays twice per month, on the 1st and 15th.
Mindswarms (Worldwide, 18+)
Mindswarms pays via PayPal automatically 24 hours after you complete a survey. You can complete new studies on your computer or via the Mindswarms mobile app. Mindswarms will e-mail you when new surveys are available.
My Opinion Now (US, 18+)
Collect RewardPoints for filling out surveys and referring friends to My Opinion Now. You can also earn 1,000 RewardPoints for signing up. 20,000 RewardPoints equals $20 and you can be paid by check in $20 increments.
National Consumer Panel (US, 18+)
National Consumer Panel, or NCP, is a different kind of survey website. Here, you'll scan your receipts from purchases and answer questions about the items you bought. Pays via Prepaid VISA when you reach 8,000 points.
Paid Viewpoint (US and Canada, 18+)
Paid Viewpoint pays for surveys via PayPal and you can cash out once you've reached $15. Most payments are processed within 72 hours.
Parent Speak (US, 18+)
ParentSpeak offers parents a place to share their opinions with other parents through discussions, studies, surveys, and more. Most surveys pay $1 and ParentSpeak will increase payment for longer surveys with follow-up questions. Pays via check within about 4 weeks.
ProOpinion (US, 18+)
ProOpinion is geared toward business professionals who want to get paid to share their thoughts. ProOpinion sends e-mails to its panelists when new surveys are available. It pays via PayPal or gift cards, or you can choose to donate your earnings to the American Red Cross.
Survey Spot (USA, 18+)
Survey Spot automatically enters you in a drawing for $10,000 each time you complete a survey, plus you get paid per survey you complete. Survey Spot pays via PayPal, Amazon gift cards, and more.
More Survey Websites That Pay Money for Kids and Teens
The following survey websites will pay for kids and teens younger than 18 years.
SurveySavvy (Worldwide, 13+)
SurveySavvy is one of the longest-running survey websites, founded in 1999. You can get paid for surveys and referrals via check once you receive at least $1. If you install SavvyConnect, a desktop application that allows your activity to be monitored for behavioral research, you automatically earn $5 per month and other VIP perks.
American Consumer Opinion (review) (Worldwide, 14+)
American Consumer Opinion gives points per survey which you can redeem for PayPal. You must reach a 1,000-point minimum to cash out. Screeners range from 5 to 50 points and surveys range from 100 to 5,000 points.
FusionCash (US and Canada, 13+ with parental permission)
Receive a $5 bonus just for signing up for FusionCash. Once you receive $25 without bonus offers included, you can cash out via check, direct deposit, or PayPal. FusionCash also offers cash for paid tasks, shopping, web searches, and more.
iPoll Surveys (Open to 32 countries, 13+)
You can redeem iPoll Survey points for PayPal, Amazon gift cards, and iTunes gift cards. Must have a minimum of $25 in your account to cash out.
OneOpinion (USA, Canada, and UK, 13+ with parental permission)
OneOpinion pays via PayPal or Prepaid VISA once you receive a minimum of 25,000 points, or $25, in your account. Some opportunities for product testing are also available through OneOpinion.
PanelPolls (US, 6+ with parental permission)
PanelPolls pays its panelists via check to take surveys or participate in focus groups. You'll earn points to redeem as cash, where 1,000 points equals $1. PanelPolls is focused on families, to parents, teens, and kids can all join and share their opinions.
Ipsos Panel (review) (UK, 16+)
Ipsos i-Say is one of the most popular survey-taking websites that pays points per survey, usually between 5 and 250. You need 1530 points, or $15 minimum, to cash out via PayPal or redeem for another prize, like a gift card or Prepaid VISA.
Kids Opinions (US, 6-14)
Kids Opinions is a part of Panel Polls, a survey community geared toward families. Through your account on Panel Polls, your child can share his or her views when you respond to kid-specific surveys by e-mail. Pays via check when you redeem your points. 1,000 points equals $1.
KidzEyes (US, 6-12)
KidzEyes is focused specifically on kids to learn their opinions on products and services for children. It may sometimes need the help of parents, too, who can respond to special surveys. KidzEyes pays with KidzPoints, which your child can redeem for a check once he's reached at least 1,000 points.
Legerweb (Canada, 13+)
Legerweb is for Canadian residents. It pays out via check with a minimum of $20 and offers mobile surveys for convenience. You can also earn extra cash by referring your friends to sign up and take surveys.
Springboard America (USA, 14+)
You can share your opinions on everything from household products to the media as a panelist for Springboard America. You earn Survey Dollars for each completed survey and can cash out with Paylution when you reach 50 Survey Dollars. With Paylution, you'll be able to select either a check or virtual VISA as payment.
Teen Eyes (13-18, US)
Teens can complete at least one survey per month for Teen Eyes, the older version of KidzEyes. Surveys will focus on products and services for teenagers. Once you reach 1,000 points, you can redeem them for a check in $5 increments.
YouGov (USA, 14+; UK, 16+)
YouGov pays you for taking its surveys with reward points, which you can redeem for prepaid gift cards, including a Prepaid VISA. The minimum points needed for a Prepaid VISA is 67,500, which will give you $50. Most surveys give between 500-1000 points.
Clear Voice (US, Canada, UK, 13+)
Clear Voice pays you cash through Payoneer, a pre-paid card, once you've reached $10 in your account. You can continue to transfer your cash in increments of $10 to your Payoneer card after that.
Read More: 64 Best Online Jobs for Teens Under 18. Legit & Free.
Be Careful to Avoid Scams
Unfortunately, there are several websites looking to scam people who want to find genuine online survey jobs.
The ones listed above are legit survey-taking websites where you can make real cash.
But how can you spot the fakes?
If the website is asking for ANY money to sign up, be cautious.
You should not have to pay to become a member of a survey website.
All the ones on this list are completely free to become a member.
On the other hand, if the website is offering A LOT of money for a short survey, then it could be a scam as well.
Most legit survey websites do not offer a lot of money per survey, but when you complete surveys regularly, the money can add up.
The higher-paying surveys are typically studies that require a lot of time – hours, even – rather than 10 or 15 minutes.
Also, read the terms and conditions before filling out your information. Sometimes in the fine print, you'll see that a "survey website" doesn't provide the surveys at all.
Instead, it takes your information and signs you up for a ton of other survey companies that may be scams, or sells your information.
Make sure you know where your money is going before you fill anything out.
Finally, read about the rewards system. If it isn't clearly defined on the website, it's not a good sign.
You should know exactly how much you need before you can cash out and what types of rewards are offered.
If you can't find out this information on the website, you're probably better off looking elsewhere.


text:
PERTH, Australia -- Tommy Haas
is expected to be fit for this month's Australian Open despite
pulling out of the Hopman Cup on Thursday with a groin injury.
An MRI scan on Friday revealed a minor tear and the former No. 2 player in the world
will miss this week's Medibank International in Sydney, although
he is expected to recover for the year's first grand slam event
beginning in Melbourne on Jan. 17.
"He's got a very mild tear to his groin," Hopman Cup
tournament director Paul McNamee said.
"He's not going to play in Sydney but he should be okay for
the Australian Open. He needs a week without competitive tennis
to be fit for Melbourne."
Haas suffered the injury in the second set of his match
against Argentine Guillermo Coria on Thursday and though he
played on for one more game, his movement was hampered and he
decided to quit.
The German, whose ranking has improved to 17 thanks to a
strong comeback season in 2004 after a 14-month absence
following shoulder surgery, reached the semifinals at the
Australian Open in 2002.
Australian Mark Philippoussis, who suffered two tears to his
adductor muscle at the Hopman Cup on Wednesday, is almost
certain to miss his home Grand Slam event.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
LAKELAND, Fla. (February 21, 2017) – A windy, overcast day made for tough scoring conditions Tuesday as Rollins closed the Lady Moc Classic with a third-place finish.
The sixth-ranked Tars shot a final round 302 to post their best 54-hole score of the year, a 36-over 900 (302-296-302). Rollins "B" team turned in a 17th place finish with 1010 (337-341-332) strokes.
Barry won the team trophy atop a tightly contested leader board. The Bucs were 31-over (298-295-302) for the event with 895 strokes. Saint Leo used the best score of the day to jump the Tars and finish runner-up with a 34-over 898 (302-298-298). Host Florida Southern was three back of Rollins in fourth at 39-over (300-302-301=903).
The event was hosted at Grasslands Country Club in Lakeland.
Senior Paige Lyle led the Tars with a fifth-place finish. The Orlando native shot rounds of 73-71-76 to post a four-over 220. Lexie Toth tied for seventh, two shots back of Lyle with a six-over score of 222. The junior carded rounds of 74-75-73 at the event.
Seher Atwal tied or 17th place with rounds of 75-74-78 for an 11-over 227. Madison Lellyo totaled 223 strokes (80-76-77) and tied or 36th place while Selin Timur was a shot behind, tying for 40th after scores of 80-78-76 (234).
Viviana Vazquez was the top finisher for the Tars "B" squad, shooting 80 in all three rounds and tying for 54th with 240 strokes. Senior Julie Steinbauer shot rounds of 83-84-82 for a score of 249 and 79th place finish. Shyanne Lovan (84-89-83) finished 90th with 256 strokes and Julia Malone took 94th with a score of 265 (90-88-87).
Rollins will be back on the course March 13-14 hosting the Peggy Kirk Bell Invitational at Tuscawilla Country Club in Winter Springs.


text:
Imagine for a moment that you are in the market for an accounting firm to handle the finances for your business. A friend recommends their accountant, so you setup a meeting. At the end of the meeting, they hand you a business card: it has a nice color scheme, a company logo, their name, etc. In other words it's professional, and you feel pretty confident trusting your finances to this firm. But when you go to the website listed on the card to learn more, you have to double check the URL because what you see on your screen looks nothing like the card in your hand. How confident do you feel in their services now?
In this article, Sarah Matista, marketing communications manager for Vistaprint Digital, will provide advice about creating a cohesive brand both online and off. Because as a business owner, you are being judged not only by the quality of your online presence, but by its connection to the representation of your brand in the physical world.
It's common knowledge that an unprofessional website can sink your business with potential customers. Not only are 34% of consumers unlikely to shop with you if don't have a website, but 45% are also unlikely to shop if the site you do have is poorly designed. That speaks volumes about the effect of a professional brand on consumer confidence. And a big part of having a professional brand is ensuring that it's represented consistently across the board.
And what exactly do we mean by 'across the board,' anyway? Small business expert Steve Strauss summed it up pretty well in a piece on this topic:
"People are far more likely to understand—and remember—your business and brand if they encounter a unified theme wherever they encounter it—be that your site, a blog, on social channels, a brochure, or simply by driving by your shop.
Think of the following as your checklist for a cohesive brand identity:
Your stationery
While some industries lend themselves more to having a traditional stationery package than others, you should have business cards for new clients and letterhead for billing at the very least. It's relatively easy to match these two; they should feature your logo, your brand colors and one or two fonts you've chosen to use consistently for your business.
Your website
When switching from the physical to the digital, people sometimes lose the thread and can't figure out how to translate their on-paper brand to the screen (or forget that they need to!). Even though the mediums are different in many ways, there are many opportunities to connect the two:
- Your logo—perhaps a more horizontal version of it?
- Your color scheme
- Flourishes or decorative elements from your business card
- Fonts (we recommend no more than 2 different fonts for your site)
- Taglines or slogans
A final note on your website: if your site features a blog (which I highly recommend for SEO purposes), make sure that your blog also relates closely to your brand in logo, color, font, and tone of voice.
Your social presence
This is where it can get tricky, because you have far less control over these environments. However, social networks like Facebook and Twitter do provide some opportunities. On Facebook, your profile picture is the perfect spot for your logo, so every post you make on your own page or someone else's will display your brand. You also have lots of space in your cover photo to show off your colors, storefront, fonts, and tagline as appropriate. Twitter goes a step further by not only giving you a profile picture and a cover photo, they also provide the option to brand your profile with a specific custom color for text and buttons.
Your physical presence
Usually when we talk about online and offline marketing, we are talking about print and digital collateral. But there's a whole other level to offline that sometimes becomes disjointed because it's not seen as 'marketing' per se: your storefront! Once you've handed someone your business card and given them more information through your website, make sure you don't fumble at the finish line by offering a sub-par experience of your brand when the register is ready to ring. Make sure your storefront signage, your employee name tags, your in-store signage, your menus and more all ladder up to the brand image you've worked so hard to convey in your marketing.
And I'm not just talking to my brick-and-mortar folks. If you run an online store, make sure your stickers, thank you notes, and even packaging materials are sending a cohesive message.
Whether you are business owner yourself, or you provide design and marketing services for others, it's crucial to make sure you look at every piece of visual communication you create as part of a greater whole. Whether you are building a new brand identity from the ground up, or adding incremental pieces to an existing identity, asking yourself the right questions and taking a bird's eye view is so important to creating the cohesive online and offline identity every business needs to compete in today's market.
This article was written by Sarah Matista. Sarah is the marketing communications manager at Vistaprint Digital, the digital services division of Vistaprint, which offers a suite of online marketing tools and websites for micro business owners.


text:
6 comments:
What about one on those fabric boards (sorry drawing a blank on the name at the moment) with ribbon that criss-crosses all over it....you can put pictures, notes, whatever you need up there.....and maybe make a curtain on the back side of the desk,(you could even put it on a shower tension rod) then you will see the fabric back there and not cords? I hope you understand what I am trying to say, lol!ReplyDelete
http://www.brighthub.com/multimedia/photography/articles/18137.aspx Here's a link to that memo board I was talking about, lol!ReplyDelete
Here's another link kinda demonstrating what I meant by the curtain under the desk http://gahangirls.blogspot.com/2008/04/great-way-to-hide-cords.htmlReplyDelete
THANK YOU! I've had several people e-mail me with some great advice...now lets see. What should I try???ReplyDelete
I made these for my studio: http://ellebelleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/easy-to-make-stylish-useful-inexpensive.htmlReplyDelete
And there's also always those "ugly but not quite as ugly as random cords" black cord keeper tube thingies that may help to contain the cord mess a bit. Have fun!
I really like the peg board you made! I've made some of those before, but I love that you used foam and peg board! (I used foam core board and batting...not as sturdy). I hate cords too! The first thing I always do is if the item is going to be stationary and you won't ever have to move it around - like your printer or lamp - I put it where it's going to be, and then I gather all the extra cord in the middle of it somewhere and wind/fold it into a loop or something and tie a twisty tie around it (or anything to keep it together). I do all this right at the spot where it will be hiding behind some furniture and out of site! Then all you see is the cord going straight up the wall and right to the object...it also helps keep them all organized and untangled. Hope that helps. Good luck! That is exciting to have your own room for all your stuff!ReplyDelete
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 4, 1994
|Filing date
|Oct 30, 1992
|Priority date
|Oct 30, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kishor P. Gadkaree, Leroy S. Hersh
|Original Assignee
|Corning Incorporate
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (88), Classifications (28), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to polymer membranes for separation processes, and more particularly to extrusion methods for making semi-permeable polymer membranes for separation processes from high temperature polymers.
The various filtration and/or separation processes utilizing porous membranes include concentration-driven separations such as dialysis, electromembrane separations, used to separate dissolved charged ions, and pressure-driven separations, including the familiar processes of micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, and hyperfiltration. Pressure-driven processes achieve the separation of suspended or dissolved particles of different sizes as the result of the capability of the particles to penetrate through or be retained by semi-permeable porous membranes of varying permeabilities and porosities. The porosity of the membrane determines whether the separation is termed micro-filtration, ultra-filtration or hyper-filtration.
Polymer membranes are used on a large scale in many industrial processes, including the desalination of sea water, the cleaning of industrial effluents, the fractionation of macro-molecular solutions in the food and drug industries, and the controlled release of drugs in medicine. Micro-filtration membranes are used for the filtration of particles in the 0.1-2 micron size range, whereas ultra-filtration membranes can trap particles in the 0.001-0.1 micron size range.
Composite membranes are also known, a common example being asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes comprising a thin particle-selective skin or surface membrane of fine porosity disposed for physical support on a backing plate of coarser porosity. Such composites improve mass transport in processes such as ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis, wherein very fine pore sizes must be provided.
Conventional methods for making microporous membranes include the sintered particle method, wherein powders of a selected membrane material are sintered to provide porous films or plates, typically with thicknesses in the 100-500 micrometer range. Ceramics, glasses, metals, and polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, can be formed into microporous membranes by this technique, although it generally yields structures of relatively low porosity, e.g., in the range of 10-40% by volume.
Alternative methods for making microporous polymer membranes include the stretching of homogeneous polymer films to cause partial fracture and the formation of a fine pore structure therein, and irradiation methods wherein films are irradiated with charged atomic particles and then etched to enlarge the particle tracks therein to pores. Also used is a phase inversion process wherein an immiscible liquid is introduced into a thin liquid film of a polymer solution, and the polymer then precipitated as a polymer film comprising a network of pores resulting from the presence of the immiscible phase during precipitation.
The above-described chemical methods for membrane fabrication generally use polymers that can be etched or otherwise dissolved in controlled fashion, and therefor are inherently limited to polymers which have some solubility in organic solvents. This limits the durability of the membranes which can be provided.
In a relatively recent development, a method for providing semi-permeable membranes from high strength, high temperature polymers such as polyether ketones, poly(aryl ether) ketones, and liquid crystal polymers has been developed. That method involves melt-blending a batch mixture containing a finely divided high-temperature polymer and a finely divided leachable glass to form a two-phase glass-polymer blend comprising continuous glass and continuous polymer phases.
The blend thus provided is then formed into a glass-polymer body of a selected shape such as a plate or membrane, and then treated with an aqueous leaching medium to leach the continuous intercommunicating glass phase from the continuous polymer phase. The product is a microporous polymer body comprising an intercommunicating pore structure consisting of a relict polymer network, generally having a pore volume in excess of 50% and average pore diameters in the range of about 0.1-10 micrometers. Most typical porosities are in the range of 70 to 80% by volume, with mean pore sizes of 0.1 to 0.7 microns and a narrow pore size distribution.
The method described above is disclosed and claimed in a copending, commonly assigned patent application of G. H. Beall et. al., Ser. No. 808,814 filed Dec. 17, 1991 for "Polymer Membranes for Separation Processes", now U.S. Pat. No. 5,183,607, and that patent is expressly incorporated herein by reference for a further description of such products and methods.
The method of the above-described patent application provides membranes of excellent quality, particularly when the membranes are produced by pressing of the glass-polymer blend followed by leaching of the resulting sheets or films. However, it has recently been found that membranes produced by extrusion of the glass-polymer blends followed by leaching exhibit significantly lower permeability than membranes of same composition produced from pressed films. Hence, although glass removal from the films appears to be substantially complete, with polymer residues and leached film densities essentially equivalent to those obtained in the case of pressed films, the extruded products still differ substantially from the pressed products in terms of permeability.
This represents a significant problem because extrusion is a preferred method for the production of melt-blended glass/polymer film precursors, particularly for applications requiring large quantities of semi-permeable membrane materials. Hence, extrusion can most conveniently provide large quantities of film material at low cost, in uniform thickness, and with relatively high film quality. Accordingly, a method for extruding blended thin-film material films which would provide products with properties equivalent to those of pressed plates or films is needed.
It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide an improved method for the production of semi-permeable microporous membranes utilizing extrusion processing.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an extrusion method which provides semi-permeable microporous membranes of controllable permeability on a repeatable basis.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description thereof.
In accordance with the present invention the problem of low permeability in extruded microporous membranes has been identified, and an improved process for manufacturing such membranes which overcomes this problem has been developed. More particularly, it has now been found that, when continuously extruding thin sheets of blended glass-polymer blend material of the kind required for porous membrane manufacture, there is a strong tendency for excess polymer to collect near the outermost region of the extrusion die. This excess then forms a glass-deficient, polymer-rich skin on the surface of the extruded film, i.e., a film which is only marginally penetrated by glassy phase material present in the interior of the film.
As a consequence of this effect, while the glass can still be leached from the sheet to provide a microporous membrane product, and the product can exhibit a normal pore size and pore size distribution within the interior of the film, the surface of the film retains only a low level of porosity, due to the polymer-rich layer thereon. This layer thus acts like an artificial barrier, restricting permeation of the film by species of a size which would ordinarily exhibit rapid transport into and through the film.
In addressing this problem we have discovered that plasma etching of the film surface, either before or after the removal of glassy phases by leaching, can restore the permeability of the leached film to normal values. Further, we have found that such etching provides additional benefits in terms of controlling the hydrophobicity of the film surface and, optionally, the pore size and pore size distribution in the porous polymer material adjacent the surface of the film.
In accordance with the method of the invention, then, a semi-permeable microporous polymer sheet having an intercommunicating pore structure is made by a process which comprises, first, blending a batch mixture of a thermoplastic polymer and a finely divided leachable glass to form a two-phase glass-polymer blend material. This blended material is then extruded through a die to form a blended sheet, the sheet being characterized in that it comprises a continuous polymer network and an intercommunicating glass phase throughout the interior of the sheet.
After the sheet has been formed it is leached to remove the intercommunicating glass phase therefrom, this readily being accomplished without disruption of the polymer network. A microporous polymer sheet composed of the relict polymer network is provided. However, in order to achieve the desired permeability in the extruded sheet, the sheet surface is subjected to a plasma etching step, carried out either prior to or subsequent to the leaching step.
In the plasma etching step the sheet surface is exposed to a plasma of an energy at least sufficient to etch thermoplastic polymer from the sheet surface, with exposure being continued for a time at least sufficient to increase the area of leachable glass, or the area of intercommunicating pore structure, exposed at the sheet surface.
The product of this process is a microporous sheet wherein the surface porosity can be closely controlled. Thus it may be at least equivalent to the sheet interior with respect to pore volume and pore diameter, although lesser or greater pore volumes and diameters may also be provided.
The invention may be further understood by reference to the drawing, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an electron photomicrograph of an interior fracture surface of an extruded leached microporous sheet;
FIG. 2 is an electron photomicrograph of an exterior surface of an extruded leached microporous sheet; and
FIG. 3 is an electron photomicrograph of an exterior plasma-etched surface of an extruded leached microporous sheet.
The blending of glasses with high temperature polymers to provide composite materials having properties intermediate those of the glasses and plastics is well known from U.S. Pat. No. 5,043,369 to Bahn et al. As disclosed in that patent, such blends can be made by high shear dispersive mixing of glass/polymer batches comprising finely divided glass and polymer batch materials, with the preferred mixing technique consisting of high shear screw-type extrusion such as provided by twin-screw extruders commonly used in the polymer industry.
To provide extruded sheet of a microstructure suitable for porous membrane manufacture, the polymer and glass batch materials selected for such processing must be of a character such that a continuous polymer network within the glass/polymer blend can be maintained. This is done by selecting blend components, mixing conditions, and a glass/polymer volume ratio adequate to develop the desired polymer network and interconnecting dispersion of the glass in the polymer.
Typically, the proportion of glass used for porous membrane production is in the range of about 65-95% by weight of the mixture, with the polymer making up the remaining 5-35% by weight thereof. Also, glasses which are non-wetting with respect to the polymers are used, so that contacting droplets of the glass can be formed within the polymer during the mixing of the materials.
Among the polymers particularly useful for membrane production in accordance with the present process are polyether ether ketones (PEEK polymers), poly(aryl ether) ketones (PAEK polymers), polyether ketones (PEK polymers), polyether amides, polyether sulfones (i.e., polysulfones), and liquid crystal polymers. Examples of specific liquid crystal polymers which are particularly preferred for the manufacture of porous products in accordance with the invention include copolymerized p-hydroxybenzoic acid/hydroxynapthoic acid monomer mixtures, commercially available as VECTRA™ liquid crystal polymers from the Hoechst-Celanese company of Shelby, N.C., and copolymers of terephthalic acid with p-p1 -dihydroxy biphenyl, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, commercially available as XYDAR™ liquid crystal polymers from Amoco Performance Products company of Augusta, Ga.
The above high-temperature polymers can be used alone or in any compatible combination, or they may be used with additions of other polymers, such as the fluoropolymers. The only limitation on polymer blending is that sufficient polymer intercompatibility be present to provide for good polymer network formation during the melt-blending process.
It is normally preferred, however, that the polymer or polymer mixture comprise at least about 90 weight percent of high-temperature polymers, with less durable polymers comprising only minor additions thereto. Most preferably, the products will consist essentially of high temperature polymers only, with little or no additions of other polymers.
Representative examples of durable high-temperature polymers useful for the extrusion of sheet for porous membranes in accordance with the invention are set forth below. Heat distortion and strength data for selected polymers are also reported.
TABLE I______________________________________Durable PolymersPolymer Heat DistortionType Temperature (�F.) Strength______________________________________Polysulfone 340� 5000-6000 psiPolyether 367� 15,000 psiketone (PEK)Polyether- 320� 10,000-15,000 psiether ketone(PEEK)Liquid Crystal 639-671� 18,000-20,000 psiPolymer______________________________________
Glasses to be selected for blending with the described durable polymers are those exhibiting the quality of rapid dissolution in aqueous media, although extremely non-durable glasses, such as glasses exhibiting hygroscopic behavior, are generally avoided. Hygroscopic glasses spontaneously absorb water from the atmosphere, and thus have a sticky character which makes them difficult to process.
The selected glass should also have a viscosity comparable to that of the selected high temperature polymer during mixing, so that high loadings of the glass, sufficient to develop a continuous or interconnecting glass phase in the polymer, can be realized. Examples of known glass families exhibiting both water solubility and low melting temperatures are the alkali phosphates, including the so-called metaphosphate and ultraphosphate glasses, as well as certain of the known borate, halide, oxyhalide, and halophosphate glasses.
The alkali phosphate glasses, which are preferred, may selected from a broad range of composition, including glasses comprising, in mole percent, about 35-70% P2 O5, 25-65% R2 O, wherein R is at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and lithium, and 0-10% of oxides selected from the group consisting of Al2 O3 and B2 O3. Halophosphate glasses exhibiting particularly good water solubility include those comprising, in mole percent, about 25-55% P2 O5, 10-40% R2 O, wherein R is at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and lithium, and 10-40% ZnCl2. The glass transition temperatures exhibited by these glasses can range from as low as 190� C. to 360� C. or higher.
Particularly preferred glasses include alkali phosphate and alkali aluminophosphate glasses consisting essentially, in mole percent, of about 40-55% P2 O5, 45-55% R2 O, wherein R is at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and lithium, and 0-10% of Al2 O3, these glasses exhibiting glass transition temperatures in the 200�-350� C. range in combination with excellent water solubilities and melt viscosities.
Table II below sets forth examples of glass compositions of preferred type, including proportions of constituents in mole percent and glass transition temperatures (Tg) in degrees Celsius. Weight percent compositions for each of these glasses are provided in Table IIb.
TABLE IIa______________________________________Mole Percent CompositionsOxide 1 2 3 4 5______________________________________P2 O5 46.05 45.98 45.95 48.07 50.07Al2 O3 3.98 4.04 4.03 1.99 --Li2 O 24.94 -- 25.06 24.93 24.92Na2 O 25.03 24.98 -- 25.01 25.01K2 O -- 25.00 24.96 -- --______________________________________
TABLE IIb______________________________________Weight Percent CompositionsOxide 1 2 3 4 5______________________________________P2 O5 70.7 60.2 65.0 73.1 75.5Al2 O3 4.4 3.8 4.1 2.18 --Li2 O 8.1 -- 7.5 8.02 7.95Na2 O 16.8 14.3 -- 16.63 16.49K2 O -- 21.7 23.4 -- --Tg (�C.) 290� 260� 280� 263� 240�______________________________________
To provide the melt-blended material for sheet extrusion in accordance with the invention, finely divided (powdered) glass and polymer batch materials are preferably used. Glass powders with particle sizes in the range of about 12-20 mesh (U.S. Standard Sieve) typically provide desirable dispersion of the glass phase in the polymer within a relatively short processing interval. Desirably both the glass and polymer powders are dried overnight at in a hot air oven at temperatures in the 150� C. range prior to blending.
Blending is best achieved by high-shear mixing and pre-extrusion of the melt-blended material, typically by means such as twin screw extrusion or similar high-shear polymer blending process, since such can conveniently provide both high temperatures and high applied torque to the blends. Blending temperatures in the range of 350�-400� C. are preferred for the particular phosphate glasses and liquid crystal polymers above described, these temperatures yielding glass and polymer viscosities permitting thorough mixing and the development of a finely divided and fully dispersed interconnecting glass phase in the initial extrudate in these composition systems. Of course the best blending conditions for achieving a particular volume fraction of porosity, mean pore size, and pore morphology for each glass/polymer combination are easily determined by routine experiment.
Extrusion of the melt-blended material to provide sheets suitable for the manufacture of porous membrane products in accordance with the invention is conveniently achieved using conventional extrusion equipment adapted for film extrusion. Typical temperatures used for sheet forming will be in the range of about 300�-400� C. for the preferred materials, although the particular temperatures and pressures developed in the sheet extrusion step will of course vary depending upon the particular viscosities and other forming characteristics of the glass-polymer blend being processed.
Removal of the glass phase from extruded sheets provided as described is conveniently accomplished simply by contacting the sheet with heated (e.g., 70�-80� C.) water or other aqueous media. Strongly acidic or basic solutions can be used but are generally not required for glass removal, and room temperature leaching, although somewhat slower than hot leaching, is also effective.
Either prior to or after leaching of the extruded sheet has been accomplished, the sheet will be exposed to a plasma for the purpose of etching polymer material from the surface thereof. This process may follow conventional plasma etching practice, the plasma selected for etching depending upon the particular polymer employed and the degree of polymer removal desired. Examples of plasma types which may be effective to remove surface polymer from these sheets include plasmas of oxygen, air, H2O, N2O, hydrogen, and ammonia.
The most effective plasma energies useful for surface etching in accordance with the invention can readily be determined by routine experiment, depending primarily upon the rate of surface removal desired for a particular process. Of course, excessive plasma energies causing undue heating and/or charing of the sheet surface are to be avoided; we anticipate that plasma energies in the range of 20-300 W should provide an adequate rate of polymer removal without risk of surface damage to the polymers presently preferred for extruded sheet fabrication.
In the present process, the preferred plasma etching step is one wherein the extruded sheet is exposed to an oxygen plasma. Whether carried out prior to or after leaching, an oxygen plasma can effect a very rapid removal of polymer from the surface of the sheet. In addition, when carried out subsequent to the leaching step, oxygen plasma etching can significantly alter the wetting characteristics of the polymer network at and adjacent to the porous surface of the etched sheet.
In particular, the surfaces of the porous sheet, including the pore walls of pores near the sheet surface, are converted from substantially hydrophobic to substantially hydrophilic surfaces through the action of the oxygen plasma on those surfaces. We presently attribute this to the oxidation, by the oxygen plasma, of polymer bonds on the surface and within the surface pore structure of the sheet. This results in the generation of polar groups on the sheet surface which convert it from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic character.
On the other hand, this effect is not observed in significant degree when plasma etching is carried out prior to the leaching of the intercommunicating glass phase from the sheet. In that case, the plasma does not gain access to the interior surfaces of surface pores on the sheet, due to the presence of the glass phase therein during the etching process. The surface oxidation which does accompany plasma etching at this stage is not sufficient to change the fundamental hydrophobic nature of the porous surface subsequently developed on leaching.
The invention may be further understood by reference to the following detailed Example showing the fabrication of a microporous membrane in accordance therewith.
A glass-polymer blend suitable for extrusion into a thin sheet or film is first compounded. The batch for the blend comprises powdered glass component and a liquid crystal polymer component, the polymer component consisting of a combination of a liquid crystal polymer and a PAEK high-temperature polymer.
The liquid crystal polymer making up the polymer component consists of a copolymerized p-hydroxybenzoic acid/hydroxynapthoic acid monomer mixture commercially available as VECTRA™ liquid crystal polymer powder from Hoechst-Celanese Corporation of Chatham, N.Y. The high-temperature PAEK polymer consists of a polyarylether ketone high temperature polymer commercially available as Kadel™ (E-1000) polymer powder from Amoco Performance Products Inc. of Ridgefield, Conn.
The glass component consists of a powdered aluminophosphate glass having a composition, in weight percent, of about 73.1% P2 O5, 2.18% Al2 O3, 8.02% Li2 O, and 16.63% Na2 O. This glass was melted at 1000� C. in a silica crucible, cast into glass patties, and then crushed and ground to provide glass powder of -20 mesh (U.S. Standard Sieve) particle size.
The batch for the blend is compounded by mixing together, in parts by weight, 80 parts of powdered glass, 15 parts of the Vectra™ polymer, and 5 parts of the Kadel™ polymer. Melt-blending of this batch is then carried out by mixing and extrusion using a Leistritz twin screw extruder with co-rotating screws, with mixing zone and die temperatures of 350� C. being maintained throughout this process. Extrusion is through a strand extrusion die with 1/8-inch (3.2 mm) orifice, the compounded strand being pelletized by chopping to 1/4-inch (6.35 mm) pellets after extrusion.
The melt-blended pellets produced as described are next formed into a thin extruded sheet (film). Extrusion is carried out using a Davis-Standard single screw extruder fitted with a sheet extrusion die having an eight-inch (20 cm) slot length and a slot width of 0.025 inches (0.63 mm). Heating of the pellets in the extruder takes place by transport of the pellet feed through first, second and third successive heating zones, maintained at temperatures of 250�, 330� and 330� C., respectively. Die temperature during the extrusion is maintained at 340� C., with continuous extruded film of 0.025-inch thickness readily being extruded by this process.
The extruded film thus obtained is next leached in water at 70� C. for a 16-hour interval to remove the continuous glassy phase from the polymer network forming the film. Following leaching, samples of the leached film are fractured and the microstructure of the surfaces and interior of the film are then examined.
The interior of the film has a microstructure substantially equivalent to that observed in the case of pressed leached melt-blended sheet. FIG. 1 of the drawing is a scanning electron photomicrograph of the leached film cross-section wherein the white bar represents a dimension of 10 micrometers. The highly porous character of the polymer network remaining after leaching is readily evident from this photomicrograph.
Examination of the surface of this leached film, however, reveals a polymer skin with relatively low porosity. FIG. 2 of the drawing is a scanning electron photomicrograph of the surface of the leached film shown in FIG. 1, wherein the white bar again represents a dimension of about 10 micrometers. The very significant difference in porosity between this surface layer and the interior of the sample as illustrated in FIG. 1 is evident.
To modify the porosity of the surface of the extruded film to better comport with the highly porous structure of the interior of the film, samples of the film are subjected to a plasma etching process. This plasma etching step is carried out in a March Plasmod table-top plasma reactor, commercially obtained from March Instruments Inc. of Concord, Calif. 94520. The plasma used for etching is an oxygen plasma, generated at an applied power level of about 80 watts, the samples being exposed to this plasma for etching times in the 30-second to 5-minute range.
The effect of exposure to this plasma is to rapidly open the polymer surface of the extruded film to a porosity level at least equivalent to that of the film interior. FIG. 3 of the drawing is an electron photomicrograph of the surface of an extruded and leached film such as illustrated in FIG. 2 of the drawing, after exposure to the described oxygen plasma for approximately one minute. The white bar in the micrograph again corresponds to a dimension of about 10 micrometers.
As is evident from a study of FIG. 3, a highly porous surface is provided on the film treated as described in the course of the plasma etching treatment. Further, it is found that this film exhibits relatively strong hydrophilic behavior, in strong contrast to the behavior of porous pressed films which have been similarly leached but not plasma etched.
As previously noted, similar results in terms of restoring sheet surface porosity may be achieved by carrying out essentially the same plasma etching treatments on films which have been extruded but not yet leached. Similar etching conditions and times may be used for this purpose, with similar levels of surface porosity restoration being observed following a subsequent leaching of the intercommunicating glass phase from the extruded sheet. Hence, in the cases of both the leached and the unleached films, shallow protrusions on the surface of the extruded films, caused by the presence of glassy inclusions therein during extrusion, appear to be preferentially etched in these plasmas, such that a very rapid removal of polymer material from incipient or actual pore sites adjacent the surface material will occur.
Significantly, carrying out the plasma etching prior to the removal of glass from the extruded sheet may be preferred for some applications, e.g., where retention of a strong hydrophobic property in the film surface is desired. On the other hand, plasma etching subsequent to leaching, in addition to imparting hydrophilicity to the sheet surface, can if continued effect an opening of the surface pores in a manner which will increase the average pore diameter and pore volume near the surface of the sheet.
This latter effect can be quite useful in the production, for example, of anisotropic membranes. These are membranes with large pore sizes on one surface and smaller pores on the opposing surface. The shielding of one surface of the extruded sheet during at least a portion of the plasma treatment is an effective way to increase the pore size differential between the opposing surfaces of such anisotropic membranes.
From the foregoing description it will be evident that, while the invention has been particularly described with respect to specific examples of compositions, materials, apparatus and/or procedures, those examples are presented for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. Thus numerous modifications and variations upon the compositions, materials, processes and apparatus specifically described herein may be resorted to by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|264/423, 264/41, 264/210.4, 264/210.3, 216/67, 65/31, 216/97, 264/211.19, 264/344, 264/469
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 30, 1992
Owner name: CORNING INCORPORATED, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:GADKAREE, KISHOR P.;HERSH, LEROY S.;REEL/FRAME:006310/0352
Effective date: 19921027
|Jun 26, 1997
|Fee payment
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text:
sleep like a log
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Related to sleep like a log: sleep off, sleep like a baby
sleep like a log
To experience a very deep and restful sleep; to sleep soundly. I can't believe you finished a triathalon! You're going to sleep like a log tonight. I have to set numerous alarms for the morning because I sleep like a log every night!
sleep like a logand sleep like a baby
to sleep very soundly. Everyone in our family sleeps like a log, so no one heard the thunderstorm in the middle of the night. Nothing can wake me up. I usually sleep like a baby.
sleep like a log
to sleep very well With a full stomach and a warm blanket, I slept like a log.
sleep like a log/top
to sleep very well I don't know if it had anything to do with the wine we drank but I slept like a log.
sleep like a log
Also, sleep like a top. Sleep very soundly, as in I slept like a log, or She said she slept like a top. Both of these similes transfer the immobility of an object to that of a person who is sound asleep (since a top spinning quickly looks immobile). The first dates from the late 1600s; the variant is newer.


text:
1984 Chevrolet Citation II X-11 Tires
Drive in comfort & style with 1984 Chevrolet Citation II X-11 tires
You'll love your 1984 Chevrolet Citation II X-11 tires as much as we do when you shop our huge inventory of trusted tire brands! Access our full selection of tires online and shop tires by brand, price, size, or type. Whether you're looking for all-terrain, summer performance, or winter tires, you'll find that we have what you need to keep your car moving forward, no matter what the road has in store for you. Get started today by comparing 1984 Chevrolet Citation II X-11 tires online, then schedule your installation appointment when it's convenient for you. Your keys are in good hands with our ASE-certified technicians. They'll install your tires on-time, always. Turn to your local Wheel Works store for better tires, better service, and better prices.
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- 1984 Chevrolet Citation II X-11
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super sixes
Who doesn't love a list? These are our pick of the best events from beginner triathlons to the toughest 10k's.
A 10 or 15 mile scenic mix of coastal paths, open fields and country lanes.The Delicious Kernow Trail is not a timed event so being first over the finish line won't guarantee you a prize. Instead, we'll be rewarding the runners who we feel have most embraced the spirit of the event! See event website for further details!
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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
How to block a specific person from submitting the formAsked by Jason Wynngard on April 24, 2016 at 09:07 AM
What I really want to know is how to remove the ability of a rude sender. So that s/he is unable to send further comments to my Jotform.
This is a re-post of a comment on How to Edit/Delete Sender Emails on SMTP Settings
JotForm Support
I'm afraid that we do not have the option to do that. But you can limit the submission per sender by activating any of the following:
If the form is embedded to your website, you can just block the IP Address of the submitter.
Thank you.


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Question: In Problem 38 what level of service would a safety
In Problem 38, what level of service would a safety stock of 2,000 yards provide?
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Answer to relevant QuestionsThe Retread Tire Company recaps tires. The fixed annual cost of the recapping operation is $60,000. The variable cost of recapping a tire is $9. The company charges $25 to recap a tire.a. For an annual volume of 12,000 ...If Evergreen Fertilizer Company in Problem 4 changes the price of its fertilizer from $0.40 per pound to $0.60 per pound, what effect will the change have on the break-even volume?Hannah Byers and Kathleen Taylor are considering the possibility of teaching swimming to kids during the summer. A local swim club opens its pool at noon each day, so it is available to rent during the morning. The cost of ...The Atlantic Paper Company produces paper from wood pulp ordered from a lumber products firm. The paper company's daily demand for wood pulp is a constant 8,000 pounds. Lead time is normally distributed, with an average of ...PM Computers in Problem 44 is considering purchasing monitors from an American manufacturer that would guarantee a lead time of 8 days, instead of the Taiwanese company. Determine the new reorder point, given this lead time, ...
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- Description
Homey Design HD-1208 3Pcs Victorian European Coffee End Table Set: 1 Coffee Table,2 End Table.Includes
1 Coffee TableDimensions
2 End Table
1 Coffee Table : 46"D x 20"H
2 End Table : 26"D x 27"H
More from this collection: HD-1208
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Additional Information
SKU 16901107 MPN HD-1208-CET-SET GTIN N/A Brand Homey Design Collection HD-1208 Assemble Length N/A Assemble Width N/A Assemble Height N/A Assembly Required Yes Material Other Finish Other Styles Traditional Shapes N/A Sizes N/A Shipping Time 1-2 Weeks Free Shipping No
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Started sleeping with this guy... Its literally just about sex with us. But now he is starting to act different. He used to not care if i was with other guys. But yest he got all weird on me. I made a comment how the next time ur on a date he should do such and such... His reply was and the next time u go out on a date u should tell the guy wtvr he told me to say... He never seemed to care about me and other dudes before. Izq this just in my head or does it seem like he got pissed.
Friend with benefits getting weird?
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What Guys Said 2
He wants to father your kid00|00|0
What Girls Said 1
Well, the common wisdom on this subject is that friends with benefits should never be someone you have an interest in, or desire to have a relationship with.
A friends with benefits by definition is no strings attached sex. Meaning neither of you has any intent to take it further than sex with a friend.
Most men don't like the person they are sleeping with (specifically in friends with benefits context) to be with other men, purely for seflish/ego reasons. A man can not want you as a girlfriend but still not wish to share you with anyone.
Again, it's about their ego, and if they are smart, it would also be a concern for their health. Once you are active with someone else it is also more risky for them from an STD standpoint.
I am not implying you would not be using protection or be smart (I am assuming you would be) But I wouldn't want to sleep with anyone who is sleeping with others either.
I have no idea what he is thinking. But I am pretty sure that if he wanted more out of this, he would be bringing it up, rather than saying he is ready to end your arrangement.
Wishing you the best of luck.00|00|0
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Saving money can save lives
Develop the Habits to Create Opportunity Luck, Achieve Consistent Success, and Build Wealth
Saving money can save lives
Just 20 minutes a day is all it takes
If you want to become rich you must at least like what you do for a living.
Why You Must Love or Like What You Do For a Living
What 10 traits separate the rich from the poor?
Being a self-made millionaire is more about thinking like one
You're not working, but you'd like to be – learn how you should be occupying your time.
With good daily success habits, the American dream is within your grasp.
Learn how to convert bad habits into daily success habits.
What can you do to make yourself more valuable to your employer, your customers, or your clients?
Bestselling Author, Speaker, Media Contributor
Inquire about Tom's availability to speak at your next event
Did you know 85-88% of American millionaires are self-made, first-generation rich? Learn the secrets of the wealthy and turn your luck around!
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Freddie Hubbard
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Frederick Dewayne Hubbard, 7 April 1938, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Hubbard began playing trumpet as a child, and in his teens worked locally with Wes Montgomery and Monk Montgomery. When he was 20 he moved to New York, immediately falling in with the best of contemporary jazzmen. Amongst the musicians with whom he worked in the late 50s were Eric Dolphy (his room-mate for 18 months), Sonny Rollins, J.J. Johnson and Quincy Jones. In 1961 he joined Art Blakeys Jazz Messengers, quickly establishing himself as an important new voice in jazz. He remained with Blakey until 1966, leaving to form his own small groups, which over the next few years featured Kenny Barron and Louis Hayes. Throughout the 60s he also played in bands led by others, including Max Roach and Herbie Hancock and was featured on four classic 60s sessions: Ornette Colemans Free Jazz, Oliver Nelsons Blues And The Abstract Truth, Dolphys Out To Lunch!, and John Coltranes...
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Home || Elementary (A) Info|| Middle-High (BC) Info|| Team Registration || Event Resources || Volunteer|| Coaches Clinic Registration
Description: This event is usually done as stations that teams rotate through. It can also be done as an individual test taking event, where each station has been copied into a test for the team. Teams may be viewing any combination of samples, pictures, or recorded/written descriptions. They will then be asked to answer questions (multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer, generating graphs or charts, etc) about the sample, including identification, classification by properties, origin, uses and importance. Teams may be asked multiple questions at each station.
Materials: Teams MUST bring a writing instrument. Teams may also bring 1-1" three ring binder of notes.
Event Leaders will provide any specimens/materials required to complete the stations, the official test and answer sheet.
Scoring: High score wins. Predetermined questions will be used to break ties.
Common Mistakes:
Event Resources:
2014 Coaches Institute Presentation
2012 Coaches Institute Sample Tests
Study Guide Template (2010 rules)
Sample Event Stations (2010 rules)
The Rock Cycle - an introduction
FOSSweb - Rocks
University of Missouri eThemes - Classroom activities for Rocks and Minerals
40 Common Minerals GREAT resource
Mineral Information Institute (Great website with lesson plans, student help, information, pictures, and more)
University of Texas Geology (introduction and explanation of mineral properties)
Mineralogy Database
Helpful Quizzes
Request a NC Rock & Mineral Kit
Geologic Maps
Rocks for Kids
NASA - Rocking the Rock Cycle
Chocolate Rock Cycle Lab
See the event help page for the Middle and High School version of this event
2017 North Carolina Rocks and Minerals List:
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Question: One company uses strict performance standards Another has standards that are
One company uses strict performance standards.
Another has standards that are more flexible.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system?
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Another has standards that are more flexible.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system?
View Solution:
Answer to relevant QuestionsAre the differences in bureaucratic control and decentralized control related to differences in organization structure? If so, how? If not, why not? (The terms do sound similar to those used to discuss the organizing ...Refer to each of the characteristics of effective control in order to explain why the privatized social‑services system proved to be ineffective. "Automation is bad for the economy because machines will eventually replace almost all human workers, creating high unemployment and poverty." Do you agree or disagree? Explain your answer. What facets of Amazon's operations allow it to create and control quality, both as a manufacturing organization and as a service organization? What facets of its operations allow Amazon to control productivity (again, both ...Interview a business manager about the use of information in his or her organization. How is the information managed? Is a computer system used? How well is the information system integrated with other aspects of ...
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This stunning Corona Pine Sideboard 4'6 is more than just a statement piece; it alone brings country style to the room and brightens any dark corner. Made from solid Mexican pine throughout, this large sideboard is delivered flat packed, for easy assembly and affordable price. At 4'6, the Corona Pine Sideboard provides plenty of space, with the central panel featuring three generously sized drawers, while the left and right sides of the unit have a further two top drawers and bottom cupboard.
The familiar features of the Corona Pine range are found here to magnificent effect, with black polished steel hinges and handles for characteristic country appeal. The piece has a distressed rustic finish for an added aged effect. Explore the other products in the Corona Mexican Pine furniture range which includes, Bedroom, Dining Room and Living Room Furniture. For information and prices on delivery, visit our delivery page.
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Here are two true things: You only get answers to the questions you ask and to a person with a hammer, every problem looks like a nail.
What does this mean? The recruiting world is changing and you need to keep up. If you have a recruiting problem, you probably don't have a wide frame of reference on the situation, mostly because you've only worked for a handful of companies. You could ask your vendors, but you know their agenda doesn't always line up with yours.
So you're stuck, not knowing if your problem is something everyone faces, or if there's a solution (perhaps a vendor-agnostic one) that can help.
Until now. Based on our years of experience activating the employer brand of dozens of household-name companies, here are the ten most common hiring problems companies are facing. And because we have a perspective that is bigger than your company, your networks and your vendors, we are suggesting solutions for each one.
If you'd like a more flexible format (like a printable PDF or a .epub version for your phone or tablet), just tell us where to send the files in the form below: