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NEW YORK – Deadly terrorist attacks in Istanbul, Dhaka, and Baghdad demonstrate the murderous reach of the Islamic State (ISIS) in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. The longer ISIS maintains its strongholds in Syria and Iraq, the longer its terrorist network will create such carnage. Yet ISIS is not especially difficult to defeat. The problem is that none of the states involved in Iraq and Syria, including the United States and its allies, has so far treated ISIS as its primary foe. It's time they do.
ISIS has a small fighting force, which the US puts at 20,000 to 25,000 in Iraq and Syria, and another 5,000 or so in Libya. Compared to the number of active military personnel in Syria (125,000), Iraq (271,500), Saudi Arabia (233,500), Turkey (510,600), or Iran (523,000), ISIS is minuscule.
Despite US President Barack Obama's pledge in September 2014 to "degrade and ultimately destroy" ISIS, the US and its allies, including Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Israel (behind the scenes), have been focusing instead on toppling Syria's Bashar al-Assad. Consider a recent candid statement by Israeli Major General Herzi Halevy (quoted to me by a journalist who attended the speech where Halevy made it): "Israel does not want to see the situation in Syria end with [ISIS] defeated, the superpowers gone from the region, and [Israel] left with a Hezbollah and Iran that have greater capabilities."
Israel opposes ISIS, but Israel's greater concern is Assad's Iranian backing. Assad enables Iran to support two paramilitary foes of Israel, Hezbollah and Hamas. Israel therefore prioritizes the removal of Assad over the defeat of ISIS.


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New product
A game in which the dialogue between the players, the bluff and the suspense are the main elements. This is not a classic board game: players will take the role of secretly Hyenas and bad and try to discover the identity of opponents through dialogue and the bluff. The bad guys will have to earn money, while the hyenas will try to expose them. Between the various phases of the game will attend the interview, thanks to which you will get important clues about the roles of the players. The suspense is kept alive until the end of the match: only revealing the secret identities of the players, you know the name of the winner.
Tracking of Shipping: As soon as your item is shipped, you will receive an email with a link to the monitoring of the shipment.
With this system you can know the status and location of delivery.
Timing of packaging and shipping: The item is shipped the same day payment * at the latest, the following day. Do not count as working days: Saturday, Sunday and all those days on the calendar that are in red. * (valid for payments received through PayPal or other methods immediate. Payments must be received by 13:00 on the days between Monday to Friday)
The cost for shipping varies depending on the product placed in the shopping cart
a mino € 7.00 to a maximum € 25.00
The shipping is free for orders over € 150 EU
The shipping is free for orders over € 300 Out EU
The times for shipping varies from 2-9 days
To conclude a purchase with this type of payment you will see a page of our website where you can enter 'e-mail account and password of your PayPal account or access to the procedure for creating a new one.
SOFORT Online Wire Transfer
SOFORT Banking. The system of direct bank transfer, international and TÜV.
The high safety standards of SOFORT Banking minimize the risks associated with online payments. A payment system verified and data protection verified by TÜV Saarland. Payments online with ease and security!
Each transaction requires the entry of personal home banking known only to the User himself (please keep handy the details of their bank account and PIN).
Each observation is confirmed and approved by the user with a password dispositive, an authorization code or by other confirmation procedures.
This payment does not include costs aggiuntivi.Sarete redirected to the payment after order confirmation.
Valid only for the following countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland)
Bank transfer
Payment system is not on-line, using this method will see the page that shows the data required to make the payment. Not being an immediate payment method, the seller will wait until the actual crediting of 'amount provided before starting the shipping process.

subset: commoncrawl


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2 Dudes and A Dream
(2009)1h 29mNR
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"2 Dudes and a Dream" focuses on the lives of two dudes, with two far fetched dreams. Thomas Price is a wanna-be actor from Up-State NY, he dreams of being in the movies, but the closest this college drop-out has gotten is selling popcorn in his family's movie theater. The other dude is Sebastian Dinkle, an overweight metro-sexual living and working on his father's farm in South Carolina, he dreams of being a famous supermodel.
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Welcome, United States Customer!
Choose your location and preferred currency for a localized shopping experience.
Alvita Senna Leaf Tea Organic 24 Bags
Alvita Senna Leaf Tea is a potent herbal tea used as a powerful cathartic for individuals that deal with constipation or irregular bowel issues. Senna was used over 3500 years ago by ancient Egyptian physicians due to its ability to soothe the digestive tract.
- Caffeine Free
- English Pillow Style Tea Bags That Are Oxygen Bleached, Not Chlorine Treated
- Gluten Free
- Vegan
- Promotes Proper Elimination
- Supports Regular Bowel Movements
Place one tea bag into a cup and add no more than 6 oz. of boiling water. Let steep for 3 minutes and remove the bag. Press the bag before removing to enhance the flavor.
Serving Size: 1 Tea Bag Servings Per Container: 24
Amount Per Serving % Daily Value***
Organic Senna (leaves) 1.9 g *
*Daily Value Not Established
***Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet
Note: Note: In the event of a pricing error or fraud alert, we may refuse or cancel any orders placed for that item in accordance with our Terms & Conditions. We will notify you of any cancellation. Also, because manufacturers continually change product specifications without notice. While we try our best to keep product descriptions up to date, they do not necessarily reflect the latest information available from the manufacturer. We are not responsible for incorrect or outdated product descriptions and/or images. It is your responsibility to know what products are legal or illegal in your country. FDA: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


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Job Posting
Interview for 2016 Batch, Eligibility 70% CSE/IT/ECE Company Name : POLARIS Date of interview: 26-10-16 Contact Person: Mr.Vinod 9841388825
Reply 25 Oct'2016
Job Posting
Dear All, There is opening in our Company SRM Technologies for fresher in B.E, B.Tech (CSE & IT), MCA (2015/2016) passed out friends, relatives or colleagues for the graduate trainee position. Candidates who have completed testing course will be given first preference. Please send the profiles to email@example.com. With Regards, Ganesh V mail
Reply 28 Sep'2016
Job Posting
Dear Friends , We have openings for below positions. Primary skills: IT Audit, Compliance Assurance, Risk&Compliance Secondary skills: Business Continuity Management Years of experience: 3-7 Job location: chennai, hyderabad If your interested, please send me your updated resume. Interview will be this week Saturday (Oct 1st ) Hemapriya. Selvaraju@


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Loose Change
What do you do with loose change? For as long as I can remember I've given mine to Bub to put in his piggy bank. I also keep a jar of loose change out for whoever in the house might want to use it. Mini will scoop out the quarters sometimes so that she can get a smoothie during her lunch period at school.
What do you do with your loose change?
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About Melissa
Birth: December 31
On Moms.com since: Mar 3, 2014
I am a single mom of two fantastic kiddos that I love to pieces. Currently in school working towards my teaching degree. You can find me most days on www.mommathoughts.com when I am not here chit chatting! :)


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10.1 The Sine Rule
In a triangle ABC in which the sides BC, CA and AB are denoted by a, b, and c as shown, and A, B, C are used to denote the angles at the vertices A, B, C respectively,
The sine rule can be used when
(i) two sides and one non-included angle or
(ii) two angles and one opposite side are given.
(A) If you know 2 angles and 1 side Þ Sine rule
Calculate the length, in cm, of AB.
ÐACB = 180o – (50o + 70o) = 60o
(B) If you know 2 sides and 1 angle (but not between them) Þ Sine rule
Calculate ÐACB.


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I've taken over a client with a 31 December year end and the previous accountant and HMRC are unable to supply the overlap figure brought forward(!), and it seems sensible to change the year end this year. I cannot remember how to calculate the overlap profit brought forward i.e.which year's profits to use.
Profits are
y/e 31.12.05 £26k
y/e 31.12.06 £28k
y/e 31.12.07 £22k
y/e 31.12.08 £25k
Which year do I use to calculate the overlap profit proportion?
Please login or register to join the discussion.
1st January to 5th April
... of whatever year in which the client started trading, so if it was 2005, the 2005 profits apportioned to 1st January to 5th April 2005.
Unless the business is so long-standing that it started in 1993/94 or earlier, when it would be the 1997 profits apportioned to 1st January to 5th April 1997.
Remember it will be the tax adjusted profits.


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Excellent biosphere pillow
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cpap pillow
very helpful but could be made larger in length for the price, and bigger heads. By David K., Connecticut
Best pillow for CPAP
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Tiny Pillow
The pillow is best suited for a small child. It is very thin and when weight is applied it gets even thinner. By Kim, Oklahoma
The pillow is good except that it is to hard for me. I need a softer one. It is perfect in shape and design except for that. By Larry K, Bryan Tx
The pillow definitely helps my neck, but I had to put a couple of towels under it. It is a little too thin. If it was 6" thick, I think it would be perfect; once your head is on the pillow, it crushes the foam to just about the 4" level which is what the pillow thickness starts at. I am able to sleep on my side without having the air blow out around my cpap mask. I am overall satisfied with the pillow. It could be a little bigger too, maybe the size of a regular pillow; I think that would help, too! By Bob B, Virginia Beach, VA.
Awesome for me. Had to get used to, but Awesome!
Had to break in the pillow as the instructions suggested, but it is awesome. By Kevin K, Bermuda Dunes
Contour CPAP Pillow
I have been searching for a pillow that would support my neck and allow me to turn on my side and still maintain that support while wearing my cpap gear. This is the pillow. I have slept much better since using this pillow. Thanks By Nadine, Chadds Ford, PA
The cupped side idea s great but I've not been able to adjust to the thinness of the pillow. By Chris, West Mifflin
Not too bad
A little pricey for the size. Does well though. By mncaton,
Better than a regular pillow
It works as advertised. My mask doesn't shift, I have been able to sleep better than with a regular pillow. I would recommend this to any C/bi-pap user. By Kalana56, Gardnerville, Nv
Got this pillow for my husband and he says it makes sleeping on his side so much nice, his mask does not keep getting knocked out of place. By Karen, Guymon
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By Sean Adams | Tuesday, October 6, 2015
A new artisan butcher shop opened in my neighborhood last week. Further down the block is a bespoke one-of-a-kind gift shop. Clearly, there's a return to the handmade and authentic over mass-produced goods.
As I show in my new Lynda.com course on the Foundations of Graphic Design, the Arts and Crafts movement grew out of the same sensibilities: the rejection of cheap machine-made products and elevation of craft and design with the handmade, unique materials and pride of workmanship.
Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene were two of the most influential adopters of the Arts and Crafts style in the early 20th century.
I'll show you how their iconic Greene and Greene California bungalows represent the apex of the nation's Arts and Crafts movement.
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Intellicom has an extensive history of consulting with many of the premier manufacturing organizations in Central Nebraska about their technology. We understand the technology issues that face the manufacturing industry today and have designed solutions to specifically meet these demands. Over the past 17 years, we have helped these organizations with projects related to billing, inventory, ERP solutions, building expansion, wireless, networking, and disaster recovery planning. Simply put, we are committed to being the most dedicated and knowledgeable IT provider for the manufacturing community in Central Nebraska. Whether you are a small shop or a three shift, production line facility, we can design and implement a solution to meet your needs.
Our experience with integration includes expertise working with the following solutions:
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… Bethesda Softworks has announced the release of Fallout Chat, a keyboard app based on the Fallout video game universe, on iOS and Android devices. The Fallout Chat keyboard offers a text keyboard, as well as tabs for Fallout emoji and GIFs. When sending a text message or emoji, users fill a message window with their desired text and/or emoji…


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Recognizing that one of the most important factors in school success is the capabilities of the adults who promote young children's growth and learning, VECF is pleased to be part of an exciting new initiative to support one of Virginia's most valuable workforces – early childhood professionals. VECF will administer a scholarship program - Project Pathfinders - designed to increase the skills of early childhood professionals in preschool and child care settings by accessing community college coursework and credentials. Thanks to funding made available in the 2016-2018 biennial budget by Governor McAuliffe and the 2016 General Assembly, we look forward to the opportunity to ensure that Virginia has the best trained early education workforce.
Project Pathfinders Materials
(Click links below to view documents)
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Application Materials (Fall Semester 2017 Application period: June 15 - August 1)
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Please confirm that you want to add Online Business for Total Beginners: How to Get Started to your Wishlist.
I was skeptical about making money online. It sounded too good to be true. I mean if it was that easy, why wasn't everyone doing it?
We have all heard of the people that became overnight internet success stories and made millions of dollars. I'm not one of them – but I did earn over $50,000 in my first official year of online business, all working part time from my laptop with a baby in tow.
I'm about to show you how and best of all I include a month by month break down of all my profits so you can see exactly how I did it, with practical tips you can implement to start turning a profit right now.
Everything I show you is something you can put into practice right now to increase your profits.
But first let me give you an idea of my story and profit break down:
The First Three Months
Month One - $5093
Month Two - $6563
Month Three - $6762
The Idea
I had an idea of writing resumes online but I needed to test it first – I only had $100 budget to start my business so I needed to make sure my idea would work before spending any money on it. My testing phase worked great and I had my first 4 clients in one day. I'm going to show you exactly how I tested my idea and at the end of this module, you will be able to test any idea you have and know if it is going to make money within 24 hours.
Next on the agenda was to improve my business structure (this course is going to show you how to improve yours as well)
This included a website (I have no tech skills so I used a very basic drag and drop site which worked a treat). By the end of this course module you will be able to set up your own website with no technical knowledge and have it up and running within a few hours.
I worked out the most profitable advertising and marketing structure for my business and I'm happy to say that for every $30 I spend on advertising I make around $800 profit. You will learn how I set this up in the course and it's so simple to implement you can expect to have it up and running within a day too.
I included a special something for potential clients to sweeten the deal which meant it was a no brainer to buy from me instead of the competition. I'll tell you exactly what it was – and it doesn't matter what business you are in – it's something you can apply right now.
I'll show you exactly the kind of testimonials you need to actually sell your services and products – and I'm going to show you my exact sales page which is still converting customers to this day.
Months 4,5 & 6
I ended up pregnant and with severe morning sickness for months four, five and most of six. As a result I completely I only worked about 10 hours per week if that so my profits were less – but still really good for the amount of hours worked.
Month Four: $3916
Month Five: $4522
Month Six: $2512 (included a two week holiday)
One of the big issues I had was that my phone rang non-stop with client enquiries. At the end of month two I outsourced this to a virtual receptionist. I would divert my calls to her and she would act as a receptionist and answer any FAQ's, take orders etc. There are a lot of business tasks you can outsource without paying for a full time staff member – I'll show you more inside.
I also increased my prices and tried different pricing points to find the sweet spot between what I could charge and what people were willing to pay. I'll show you the super simple way to work this out as part of the course structure.
I also implemented some really important boundaries which really helped me deal with the fact that I was sick and still needed to work. Boundaries are super important but often overlooked - You will learn how to tee them up without annoying your clients as part of the course.
Months Seven, Eight and Nine
Having an ideal client in mind really helped to eliminate the bad apples from the basket and made my job so much easier! You will learn how to find the right customer for your business and how to turn negative customer experiences into positives.
During this time a bunch of other important stuff happened for me – including the implementation of new software which saw my customer conversations skyrocket and my refund rate drop to 0. This led to more money in the bank so I'm showing you exactly what software I used and how I dropped my refund rate to 0 as part of the course.
I also started networking with other entrepreneurs and did some professional development – again more on this inside.
My profits started to creep up again during this period, despite the fact that I spent nearly a month in Bali without doing a drop of work, was still sick for the start of quarter and was still only averaging 10 hours a week.
Month 7 - $4850
Month 8 - $3730
Month 9- $4838
Months Ten, Eleven and Twelve
These were the best months yet in my business and a lot of super important stuff happened that rocket fueled my business.
First I found a free way to cut 75% of my advertising costs. You will learn this strategy straight up inside so you can implement it at the very start!
I also started to track important business statistics which identified that I was barking up the wrong tree in terms of my offerings. If there was one thing I wish I'd known at the start it was this. You can find out why in the course.
In month 11 I was on track to making it my most profitable month ever (actually it was my most profitable month ever before I had to refund a whole bunch of payments because I went into labor early). I'd just beat my previous best of around the $6700 mark with 8 days still to go when I went into labor early and had to refund a whole bunch of orders because I was stuck in hospital.
Month 10: $5525
Month 11: $4178 (despite spending the last part of the month in hospital)
Month 12: Maternity Leave
I'm going to show you a whole bunch extras you need to get your business rolling as part of the course including 80+ business ideas you can use to get started right now, 50+ ways to market your business and my business resource guide with a list of all the software I use to collect payments, set up my site and run my business with no fuss.
If you want to start your own business, or you aren't making any money in your existing business, you need this course.
It's actually costing you money not to learn these strategies.
Start Now
In case you missed it, here is your small business resource guide. These are the products I use in my business to make it work for me.
Offers over 8 years experience in Employment Services assisting clients to find the job of their dreams even when facing multiple barriers such as limited education and work experience.
Has a passion for helping others make their career and small business dreams come true with action focused tasks that get results.
Started her career working with disadvantaged teenagers who were homeless or faced significant disadvantages to obtain meaningful employment.
Winner of multiple "Weapon of Mass Employment' Awards From ITEC
Author of 'Selection Criteria Sucks' and the 'Get The Job You Love Workbook'
Ran training programs on job search techniques for some of the biggest names in Employment Services
Worked her way around Australia in her early 20's with an average successful job search in each location taking 4 hours
Started her own business from scratch with less than $100 to turn a profit in it's first week.
Is a 'Certified Adwords Instructor'
Completed additional training to allow her to work with domestic violence and mental health clients to achieve successful education and training options
Runs a successful Resume Writing business while juggling the demands of two children and an obese Dingo.
Addicted to 'Game of Thrones' and loves painting really obscure elephants and fairies in her spare time.
Also has a passion for astrology and runs her own 'do it yourself' astrology site in her spare time.
Passionate about 'Extreme Job Search Methods' and a firm believer in thinking outside the box to help clients find the job of their dreams.


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Heritage Photo-Videography
Cottonwood, AZ
Get up to five quotes from pros like Heritage Photo-Videography within hours.
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About this pro
How does your business stand out?
While others offer Life Story productions, I am especially well prepared to elicit very interesting stories from older clients due to my own age and the fact that I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor who has worked many years with children, couples, and older folks who might not trust just anyone with their personal stories.
What do you enjoy about the work you do?
Working creatively with people of any age from infancy to old age. See below: a Life Story I did for a 97 year old woman.
Cottonwood, AZ 86326
Background check
Years in business
Number of employees
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6 Reviews
Amber E.
Jan 22, 2017
Engagement Photography
Verified Review
Thank you Larry
Larry was great!!!! We came from out of town and i surprised my girlfriend with a proposal. Larry helped give location ideas and kept me up to date on weather changes. The pictures came out perfect
Sharon B.
Nov 11, 2015
Capturing the essence of his subjects is what Larry excels at. Superb quality, patience and professional attention to detail best describes this talented gentleman.
Judy B.
Oct 14, 2015
We had a wonderful experience honoring my good friend as she reminisces of the old days. I loved how Larry focused in on her and captured her expression as she told her story - and Lee's friendly demeanor bringing out the story in it's richness. They went beyond what was expected, and took the time to make it perfect. I was elated when I recieved the video and sat down to watch it. Such a gift, that will be an heirloom in her life story.
Elizabeth C.
Feb 27, 2014
With almost no advance notice, Larry came to my house and videoed a whole house,a tack shed, and large garage all full of personal belongings with empathy and respect, and a goal of excellence for the final product. I recommend him and his work most highly.
Lee T.
Feb 20, 2014
I recently moved here from Calif. and wanted a video of my place to show my friends in CA my "new digs." Larry came to the rescue and did the video. It was fun doing it, he was such a good coach for doing the 'walk-thru' version of my house and grounds. My friends thought is was very well done. I might have wished we had done a little longer video. But I'm happy.
Julia B.
Jun 11, 2013
Wedding Videography
Verified Review
Larry was a wonderful videographer. He was a professional with precise detail, clear communication, and a dedicated work ethic. We feel so lucky to have chosen him to capture our special day on camera. He really went above and beyond. We look forward to seeing the finished product. Thank you so much Larry and Leigh!
Show more
What should the customer know about your pricing (e.g., discounts, fees)?
I am semi-retired and don't have to depend upon my photo-video work for a living. I thus have very, very reasonable pricing and do some pro bono work for non-profits. My hourly charge usually runs about $50.
What education and/or training do you have that relates to your work?
I subscribe to Videomaker which keeps me informed on all the latest developments in video and photo work. A few years back I received a certificate in documentary video making at Zaki Gordon Film Institute in Sedona, AZ.
How did you get started doing this type of work?
I have had several careers, I worked overseas three times as an English teacher, then as a commercial photographer, a child & family therapist, and I now combine two careers--as counselor and videographer at the local county jail, working part time. I just love working creatively with people of all ages.
What types of customers have you worked with?
Over the past few years I have done mostly public events like lectures, stage dramas, memorials, and concerts. But in the past I have done numerous outdoor portraits of families and indoor shots of large groups. I also like doing classes for people wanting to improve their home video skills.
Describe a recent project you are fond of. How long did it take?
I recently finished a Life Story on a woman who turned 97. She was so energetic and happy that it was really fun to video her talking about her life as a dancer, a mother and store manager. She still volunteers every day at a local high school and I videoed her at work. She is a joy to just relate to and that made the work of editing in all her childhood pictures, music she danced to, and family snapshots--so much easier.
What advice would you give a customer looking to hire a provider in your area of work?
If you have a parent or older relative who's life story is remarkable in any way, look into doing a video life story ASAP before that person loses the ability to recall and talk about the "old days" and all the important events that made them who they are now.
What questions should customers think through before talking to professionals about their project?
I like doing unusual photo-video jobs such as an upcoming job videoing a repeated-vows wedding ceremony in the Red Rocks of Sedona, AZ. I especially love adding music to my videos--something I have a real, feel for.
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text:
Cake + Dryer + Husband = (Take A Guess)
Decorating By clubcakes Updated 2 Aug 2008 , 9:16pm by Parable
My very first wedding cake....
I had baked my cakes and was allowing them to cool while I went to the rehearsal dinner (my niece was in wedding). Allowing them to cool on racks on the tops of my washer and dryer. Safe...or so I thought.
Upon returning to my driveway and parking the car, my husband met me with a look of death. I literally thought someone had died. He just kept saying "I'm sorry, I'm so sorry". I had to MAKE him tell me what happened.
...While remembering how stressed out I was, he decided to help me out and do some laundry while I was gone. He turned on the dryer and went outside. Came back in the door and thought, "why is there cake on the floor?". He fell to his knees and freaked out. Our Saint Bernard wouldn't go near the mess, but our dachsund had a field day!!
I just started to laugh. What else could I do? He told me later that he had called his friends to ask them what to do and they told him to LEAVE TOWN!
I stayed up until about 3:00 A.M. to finish-he helped too! Cake turned out great!
I will never forget my first wedding cake...NEITHER WILL MY HUSBAND!!! lol
That is too funny!! Poor guy tries to help and ends up making a bigger mess!
I'm glad it turned out all right
That is too funny! So glad it turned out okay in the end but it will make a great story later on.
that is so funny!! and so sweet!!! and such good advice from his friends! hahahaha
I bet he TOTALLY freaked out when he saw that cake on the floor. you are so much better than me - you laughed, I would have cried my eyes out!!
I'm so glad everything worked out and how smart is he to help you!!
I'm glad you could laugh about it - I probably would have cried. My husband tends to hang around the kitchen while I'm caking, so I put him to working washing up.
Oh how I needed that laugh. I know it wasn't very funny but I understand, I have a black lab, husband and a dachund they would of done the same thing. I printed this out to give to my husband!!!! Thanks for the story.
I loved the story.. Good to know everything turned out well. And i also laughed a lot to his friends' advice!!!LOL
That is too funny! I can only imagine his face - poor thing.
My DH won't step foot in the utility room when I have cakes cooling in there-he is absolutely terrified something will happen to the cake while he's in there and I'll blame him.
Kudos to you for not killing him
Leave town. lol
you're husband is a sweetie. glad you can both laugh at it.
Bless his little heart. God love him...his friends said leave town. LOL that is a hoot. Glad you were able to make more and get the job done.
Hugs to both of you!
I was laughing at his friends remark and my hubby came over to see what i was laughing about. I asked him what he would have done-- he said-- LEAVE TOWN! with horror in his eyes!
I was laughing at his friends remark and my hubby came over to see what i was laughing about. I asked him what he would have done-- he said-- LEAVE TOWN! with horror in his eyes!
ditto with my DH too. This was the funniest part of the whole story. Thanks for the laugh.


text: just got off the phone with a senior tech support at Verizon regarding my phone rebooting randomly. He told me that they are aware of this to be happening in certain area and they should have an update to resolve this. this is a replacement phone cause my first phone did this, and so I called again cause of this problem but this time they instructed me to wait it out until the fix which should be within a week (as he says)..... I don't know if many are having this problem....but I just wanted to let those that are having this problem to wait it out and see..... I haven't been able to put my screen protector on cause I didn't know if I had to replace the phone or not.....so being extra careful LOL


text:
Brad Wiskirchen
Boise, Idaho
No approved endorsements
About Brad Wiskirchen
I am currently the CEO of Keynetics and its subsidiaries, ClickBank and Kount. I was previously a partner with Holland & Hart LLP. My other activities are as follows: Member, Young Presidents' AssociationMember, American Bar AssociationMember, Idaho State Bar AssociationChair, Young Lawyers Section, Idaho State Bar Association (1998-1999)Chair, Idaho Attorneys Against Hunger Program (1997)Member, Public Affairs Committee, Idaho Association of Commerce and Industry (1996-1999)Member, Board of Advisors, Caring Foundation for ChildrenMember, Board of Trustees, Opera Idaho (1999-2003)Member, Board of Directors, Notre Dame Club of Idaho (1996-2007)Advisory Board, Idaho Small Business Development Center, Region III (2000-2005)President, Notre Dame Club of Idaho (2000-2002)Graduate, Leadership Boise, Class of 2000Recipient, Idaho State Bar Association's Distinguished Service Award, 2000Recipient, Idaho Business Review's Accomplished Under 40 Award (2001)Listed, Best Lawyers in America, Consumer Guide (2001, 2002)Chair, Boise Metro Economic Development Council, Intermountain Venture Forum (2003)Chair, Boise Metro Economic Development Council, Venture Capital Committee (2003-2005)Member, Board of Directors, FUNDSY (2003-2009)Member, Board of Directors, Boise Metro Chamber of Commerce (2005-2009)Member, Executive Committee, Boise Metro Chamber of Commerce (2007-2009)Member, Board of Directors, Discovery Center of Idaho (2003-2005)Co-Founder, Idaho Software Employers AllianceChair, Idaho Software Employers Alliance (2007-2009)Member, St. Luke's Regional Medical Center, Strategic Initiatives Committee (2009-present)Member, Board of Directors, Suicide Prevention Action Network of Idaho (2009-present)Member, Board of Advisors, Boise State University, Division of Research, Office of Technology Transfer (2009-present)
Professional History
If you notice offensive or incorrect information, please contact us.


text: I was sold a v2 inspire about a month ago.... I just now looked in the battery tray and It doesn't state version 2 as does my black edition (clearly says It) The Question is was I sold a v1 with x-5 gimbal mount and new quick release? or Is it a v2 I have included a photo of the battery tray. PLEASE HELP IMG_5180 by Neil sulish posted Jul 4, 2016 at 6:53 AM IMG_5154 by Neil sulish posted Jun 22, 2016 at 9:08 PM


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Author Tags: Theatre
Mel Atkey was born in Vancouver. He had a two-year stint as Georgia Straight theatre critic in 1981-82. His first musical Shikara was broadcast on radio in Toronto in 1988. He wrote music and lyrics for an adaptation of Willa Cather's Oh Pioneers presented at Producer's Club II in New York in 1991, and wrote the score for a musical version of A Little Princess.
Mel Atkey's A Million Miles from Broadway Musical Theatre Beyond New York and London explores musical theatre that arose beyond Broadway, and "Not the many franchised versions of Fiddler on the Roof and Grease that have played everywhere from Tel Aviv to Abu Dabi, but indigenous musical theatre created in places other than New York by people other than New Yorkers and drawing on traditions other than just those of Broadway."
The opening sentence of Mel Atkey's memoir about what happens when people from different cultures try to work together, Running Away With the Circus (Friendlysong $16.95) is: If some clairvoyant had told me that I'd be spending my nights in a shipping container in Taiwan, guarding seven tigers, six Chihuahuas, five bears, four sea lions, three geese, two horses and a killer dog named Ludwig, Id have said You're supposed to read the tea leaves, not smoke them. The subtitle is: "Now is the Winter of Our Missing Tent."
When We Both Got to Heaven: James Atkey Among the Anishnabek at Colpoy's Bay (Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 2002).
Broadway North: The Dream of a Canadian Musical Theatre (Natural Heritage Books, 2006). ISBN-10: 1-897045-08-5 / ISBN-13: 978-1-897045-08-4 / trade paperback
328 pages / 8 x 10 / illustrated / appendices / notes / bibliography / index
A Million Miles from Broadway Musical Theatre Beyond New York and London (Friendlysong Books, 2012). ISBN-13: 9780991695706 / Trade Paperback, 296 Pages / 8.5 x 11/ / illustrated / appendices / notes / bibliography / index/ $23.74 CAN / $28.11 US
Running Away With the Circus (or "Now is the Winter of Our Missing Tent") (Friendlysong Books, 2013, List Price: $23.50 ; ePrice: $16.45 9780991695713
Musical of the Year - 1006 (Aarhus, Denmark) Finalist.
[BCBW 2013] "Arctic" "Theatre"
When We Both Got To Heaven
Promotional Copy
When We Both Got to Heaven tells the story of James Atkey (1805-68), who, with his wife Jane and their seven children came from the Isle of Wight to Canada in 1854. In 1855, they went to Colpoy's Bay, near Owen Sound on the shores of Lake Huron, where he taught school to the Ojibwa children. The book also tells of the surrender by the Ojibwa of the Saugeen (Bruce) Peninsula, using detailed accounts from the Public Record Office.
After thirteen years of research which has taken me to the archives of the Methodist Church in London, the United Church in Toronto and the British Library, in addition to the national archives of both Britain and Canada, I have written a 164 page illustrated booklet entitled When We Both Got to Heaven which tells the story of James and the first nations people for whom he laboured. You will read how James overcame persecution and even stoning in the Isle of Wight and learned to survive in the wilds of Canada in a place where he didn't know the language. You will hear why he and his family were held hostage for six hours when they first arrived in Colpoy's Bay. Were the people savage, as he had been taught to believe? Or did this have something to do with the manner in which their land was being surrendered? You will read of James' father Isaac's meeting with John Wesley, the founder of Methodism, and of their cousin the Dairyman's Daughter, whose life story sold over two million copies in its day. You will also learn about Kahkewaquonaby, the Indian missionary whose work was to shape much of James' later life.
About When We Both Got to Heaven, Dr. Donald Smith, Professor of History at the University of Calgary and author of Sacred Feathers - the Rev. Peter Jones (Kahkewaquonaby) and the Mississauga Indians, wrote "I was always confused by the nature of the Congregationalist missionary outreach to the Indians on the Bruce Peninsula -- your booklet has clarified a great deal." Destinations and Discoveries magazine wrote: "Great period flavour... tinged with touches of humour... A compelling read." When We Both Got to Heaven is published by Natural Heritage Books, price $21.95. It can be ordered through selected bookstores, or by contacting Natural Heritage Books
Broadway North
Press Release (2006)
The year 2006 may well prove to be the year of the Canadian musical, according to author and composer Mel Atkey, whose book Broadway North: The Dream of
a Canadian Musical Theatre will be published by Natural Heritage Books, Toronto. Britains New Statesman recently commented on the Canadian duo Lisa Lambert and Greg Morrison, who swept the board at Junes Tony Awards with The Drowsy Chaperone. With a Canadian hit running on Broadway, more eyes focus on Canada. Could it be that the future of the musical theatre lies with the Great White North?
Its hard to predict, but according to Atkey, there have been encouraging signs. Da Kink in My Hair is about to open in London, and Rob Roy just had a successful première in Edinburgh. Torontos Script Lab, under the direction of Jim Betts, has made a three-year commitment to developing new musicals. CanStage has, in the past decade, presented such serious works as Pélagie, Outrageous!, Larrys Party and The House of Martin Guerre. The latter shows creator, Leslie Ardena protégé of Broadway maestro Stephen Sondheim-appears poised for an international breakthrough. Atkey contends that, just as writers need to study the works of the Broadway greats, it is also essential to be aware of their own heritage. He is a musical theatre writer himselfhe has presented his work in London and New York, where the New York Times praised his lovely music. He set out to do just that, and Broadway North is the result of his research. Atkey looks at the shows we know (Anne of Green Gables, Billy Bishop Goes to War) and the ones we dont (Mr. Scrooge, Sunshine Town, Baker Street). He also explores the efforts to create an indigenous musical theatre, beginning with Spring Thaw, the annual revue that ran for a quarter century, begetting both Air Farce and the Charlottetown Festival. Throughout the text, Canadian musical personalities and
little-known stories dominate the pages.
-- Natural Heritage Books


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Definition of unspeculative
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3955Re: Are you online? I was impressed by your appereance.
Expand Messages
- Mar 28, 2007am tired of these sex things coming online, to get people to go to
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--- In firstname.lastname@example.com, "tinakindlygirl"
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> May there is something swell come out between us!
- << Previous post in topic


text:
I have a possible order for a small wedding cake. She is leaving for Florida Wednesday, (it is a 10 -12 hour drive from here), which means I will have to decorate Tuesday. The wedding is not until Friday (on the beach). I'm debating not even doing it. My question is will the cake stay fresh until Friday is I decorate on Tuesday?
0 replies


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Freezing A Cake With Buttercream/mmf
Decorating By ebear Updated 15 Jun 2008 , 5:02am by gr8_seamstress
Hi everyone..I'm sure this has been answered before I can't seem to find it.
Can you freeze a cake that has been decorated with buttercream or mmf? I'm making my nephews birthday cake and will be away for his actual birthday. So...the plan is to make it a wk in advance and freeze it so my sister will have it for his birthday.
Thanks everyone!
Fro what I've read the buttercream will freeze fine but the mmf doesn't freeze well. That's what my mmf recipe says anyway.
buttercream freezes well. Just thaw a good 6-8 hours before serving. Keep in mind that the condensation will "dampen" your decorations.


text:
Posted by Renee
Mr. Kruszewski is the best lawyer I have ever met and probably the best lawyer I will ever meet. My husband and I hired him to represent us as creditors. We used his services for over four years. He explains everything and listens to what direction his clients want to go. He bills in 1/10 increments so you are not speaking to him for five minutes yet he charges you for 15 minutes like some lawyers. He also never increased his rates on my husband and I. His bills are very detailed. Mr. Kruszewski always gives 100% to his clients. Mr. Kruszewski is a true professional who loves his job and is not practicing law just for the money. If you want an attorney that truly cares about his clients and is a team player, this is your lawyer!!!!


text:
Vivitek H1080FD Projector Review
H1080FD - Overall Color & Picture Quality
Bottom Line for Overall Picture Quality and Color Handling:
All considered, the H1080FD is very respectable in picture quality. That said, the direct competition, the Optoma HD20, as well as the more expensive Mitsubishi and Epson Home Cinema 8100, all have better overall picture quality. While color and shadow detail are good, black levels are not.
The big tradeoff is brightness, and those extra lumens go a long way in terms of providing an image with a lot of bang.
I tend to get a bit jaded, in that it's not easy to go from watching my usual JVC or Epson projectors, and then switching to a basic performance $999 projector.
As I write this evening, though, I've got Bourne Ultimatum running on the Vivitek, and, you know what? It looks pretty good. The picture quality won't stand up well to a close inspection from a critical eye. That said, the overall bright image not only will please those just wanting a good large image, but will wow'em with all those lumens.
We'll finish our look at comparative images of entry level 1080p projectors with the crew image from Space Cowboys. First is the Vivitek H1080FD, followed by the Optoma, then the Epson Home Cinema 8100, followed by the Sharp XV-Z15000:
A mix of additional images to show off the H1080FD:
From the DVE-HD test disc:
And here are a few assorted, additional images, some of which can be found on other recent reviews:
You May Also Like
AAXA M6 Pocket LED Projector Review
Epson Home Cinema 4000 Home Theater Projector Review
Epson BrightLink 696Ui Projector Review
Optoma UHD65 4K Home Theater Projector Review
Ricoh PJ WXL4540 Short Throw Projector Review
Sony VPL-VZ1000ES Laser, True 4K, Home Theater Projector Review
Optoma ZW300UST Projector Review
Epson PowerLite 680 Projector Review


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text:
No matter what I do I can not start spice work it all started with trying to upgraded it
I try uninstall it and reinstall no luck even at different port and different directory
Where can i find the old version that worked
This topic was created during version 3.5.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
23 Replies
Jan 19, 2009 at 4:14 UTC
Hi Frank,
I'm sorry for the trouble. When did you try updating? We have a new version up now, could you try again real quick (from www.spiceworks.com) and let me know if it works?
Also, what OS are you on? Are you running in service mode? Did you get an update notification or did you try downloading the exe from the website?
Jan 19, 2009 at 4:19 UTC
I did make myself clear i already uninstall and reinstalled the new version and it excatlly the same thing I want the old version that work if possible
Jan 19, 2009 at 5:29 UTC
Frank8433, we can't revert to the old version. There could be an issue with the current Spiceworks cookie given from the browser but, to confirm I'd have to see your logs. However, to clear the cookie if you're running on port:80 type:http://servername/account/logout where servername is the name of the Spiceworks host machine. If you're on another port specify it in the URL http://servername:port/account/logout then log back in, verify and let me know if Spiceworks continues to hang.
if you are still having issues please send me your log files to email@example.com referencing this thread #30925.
Here's how to get the files to help us diagnose your issue:
Stop Spiceworks if it's running by right clicking the Spiceworks SysTray icon and selecting Exit.
Open Windows Explorer and Browse to the following directory.
C:\Program Files\Spiceworks
Run the Spiceworks_Package.exe executable file (This program will zip up your log files into a file called spiceworks_package.zip).
E-mail us the spiceworks_package.zip file.
Jan 19, 2009 at 6:04 UTC
try it alll does not work going to uninstall it and use belarc it maybe not as nice but it works
Let me know when you have a working version
Jan 19, 2009 at 6:25 UTC
Frank, Hmm, Do you feel it necessary to give up so quickly?
Very well, if you feel you would like to work toward a resolution further on down the line we're glad to cooperate but, the log package will be required to sift out your issue otherwise we'll be just guessing Thanks!
Jan 19, 2009 at 6:57 UTC
no offense but spice given me nothing but greef
Fist it only reconize 70% of the network, then it took over my exchange, then I went to beta only reconize 1 pc then I went back to old version and it got 70% but better then one
Finnally upgraded and now it does not work
Until you guys get a stable working sogftware I do not want any part of spicework
Jan 20, 2009 at 7:29 UTC
Hi Frank,
We would like to help you get Spiceworks up and running in your environment, but understand if you don't have time to help debug what is going wrong by sending in the log files, etc. From our point of view, Spiceworks 3.5 is the most stable and feature packed release that we have done to date, but I know this is of little solace to you when your installation clearly doesn't work for you.
Sorry about the frustrations,
Jan 20, 2009 at 7:46 UTC
Well I tryed every step so far suggest and it hangs starting it goes no where to me that unstable
I have uninstalll it and reinstall it I tryed install into another directory and different port
even the the spice works package hangs
So, unless you havesome other method I call this product unstable
let me know when you have a version that works
Jan 21, 2009 at 10:32 UTC
I never had a problem like that along with thousands of others. Maybe you should start looking at your side. Maybe you have something that doesn't like to play with spiceworks. This means you take a fresh install of XP or Vista off your network without any of your software or GPO policies. Then you can figure out whats messing it up by slowly apply different things to it.
You should also let spiceworks know when you are ready to work with them for a solution. I guess you don't use microsoft products either because none of them are stable and have bugs all over. Microsoft crashes more than spiceworks.
Jan 21, 2009 at 10:41 UTC
I give up on spice works it seems it every body's fault but their own
Jan 21, 2009 at 10:48 UTC
They didn't say that but you won't work with them. Thats like getting rid of windows server instead of looking for support on the problem... Doesn't make much sense considering what they can do and its all free. I have had alot more trouble with very expensive software.
Jan 21, 2009 at 10:59 UTC
This what I tryed:
1. uninstalled and installed
2. another directory and other port
3. another machine with XP
4. another machine with VISTA
5. I tried the debuging tool
Ever time and everything hangs no matter I do it just hangs
Unless you have another suggest then come with a better more stable product or allow me to down load the older version since that works about 70% inventory
I do not also what to try no matter where I put no matter what instructation i followed it just hangs
the debug also hangs
What else can I do? it just des not want to work for me.
Jan 21, 2009 at 11:11 UTC
These machines you are trying it on. Are they a part of your domain?
Jan 21, 2009 at 11:26 UTC
Also, Check this out
Jan 21, 2009 at 11:40 UTC
yes but the old version worked on a domain pc in fact it worked on my machine in which now the new version hangs
Jan 21, 2009 at 11:53 UTC
Did you read that post? Is that the same issue you are having? I will be moving my spiceworks shortly so I will also test it on different ports and such.
Jan 21, 2009 at 11:58 UTC
I believe i read all the post is there one in partical you have in mind
Jan 21, 2009 at 12:16 UTC
this post
Is that the same problems you are having?
Jan 21, 2009 at 12:28 UTC
Well it does not get to the web interface.
It just states starting the debug kind of does the same thing so it is not the same issue and if I input the web interface manual it tell me page could not be found
anything else to try?
Jan 21, 2009 at 1:18 UTC
Is spiceworks running as a service?
Is it running at all? Is there an Orange spiceworks icon in the tray?
If not, then it is running as a service or is not running at all. Try running the application from the start menu.
Right click on that icon in the tray and check preferences. Try changeing the port number and or making it a service or just run at startup.
CTRL ALT Delete - is spiceworks.exe running?
Is it on port 80? Are you sure?
If its on port 80 then http://localhost should load it.
Jan 21, 2009 at 1:37 UTC
That seems to work it very slow but I can login.
I will try reboot and let know
Jan 21, 2009 at 1:45 UTC
spiceworks is a bit of a hog unless you got alot of RAM when scanning. Even then it slows the PC a bit. I have been running it local though so it is always way faster then over the network especially when spiceworks is doing a scan.
Jan 21, 2009 at 1:58 UTC
good to know thank you for the help
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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- Transactions from Russia ($2.6 billion), Taiwan ($2.1 billion) and China ($1.4 billion) combined for 58% of total capital raised.
- The top two DR capital raisings overall came from issuers in the financial sector: TCS Group Holdings ($1.1 billion) based in Russia, and Fubon Financial (US$0.9 billion), based in Taiwan.
- The Financial, Communications and Industrial sectors together accounted for approximately 59% of the total capital raised.
The market for non-U.S. companies raising capital in depositary receipt (DR) form remained strong in 2013, with $10.5 billion in DR capital raised. According to an industry report from Citi, initial public offerings in DR form drove issuance, representing $5.6 billion - or 54% - of the total, as IPOs rebounded during the 4 th quarter of 2013. In 2013, follow-on offerings in DR form represented approximately $4.9 billion – or 46% - of the total, up 135% compared to 2012. The EMEA region was at the forefront of overall capital raising with 17 issuers raising approximately $4.6 billion. The biggest year-over-year increase came from the Asia Pacific region which had 25 issuers raise $4.4 billion, up 164% compared to 2012. "The dramatic increase in follow-on offerings shows that there is healthy investor demand for equity issued by non-U.S. companies," said Nancy Lissemore, Managing Director, Global Head of Depositary Receipt Services, Citi. "Due to a combination of Citi's global reach, local expertise, an industry-leading distribution network, and specialized investor relations support, Citi as Depositary was able to obtain a dominant market share in follow-on offerings in DR form and 33% market share in total capital raised in DR form." Other Notable DR Market Highlights in 2013 Include:


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 12, 1997
|Filing date
|Jun 1, 1995
|Priority date
|Jun 1, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|John G. Waclawsky, Paul C. Hershey
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (11), Classifications (16), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a data transmission network. More particularly, the invention relates to measuring and correcting a token ring for ring latency.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In token rings, "ring latency" is defined as the time required for a token to circulate on the ring when the network is idle. It is important that a network have the capability of measuring ring latency as ring latency changes each time the token circulates the ring. The frequency and amplitude of the change in latency is called "jitter". Typically, the reason "jitter" occurs is due to synchronization or clock problems, hardware problems, too long a wire in between adjacent station, etc. It is important to measure "jitter" to permit a monitoring station on the token ring to compensate for it by putting extra bits on the ring or taking bits off the ring. By measuring latency for each token circulating the ring, a prediction can be made as to whether or not latency is increasing or decreasing. If latency is increasing, it will cause performance problems or even bring down the network. Knowing this condition is increasing will allow the time to find out what is causing the problem and return the ring to the normal state before a failure occurs.
In the prior art, an IBM TDB, April 1990, page 262, provides a means for measuring ring latency of a token ring by timing total number of bytes in a message as a calculation of latency. This disclosure does not measure latency frequently enough to detect trends and allow action before a problem is apparent to a ring user.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,857 discloses a means for measuring the ring latency by using a counter to count the time the number of cycles for a node to receive its own packet which has traversed the entire ring. A clock is used to provide timing information so that the propagation delay or ring latency measurement can be measured by a master node with a clock. Again, the disclosure does not measure latency frequently enough to detect trends and allow action before a problem is apparent to a ring user.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,235,593 describes a timer for measuring the ring latency of a token ring at each node. The '593 patent does not do anything to measure minimum or maximum latency or the number of latency changes as a basis for determining ring latency caused problems and latency trends.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,466 discloses a method for real time message transmission in terms of latency in sending messages with settings on maximum transmission time. The '466 patent does not provide a mechanism for "jitter" control as a means of keeping the network in a stable condition.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,626 discloses a means for configuring an FDDI controller to accommodate a particular average bus latency and not the latency on a token ring.
IBM TDB, February 1994, pages 349-350 discloses measuring latency and bandwidth separately and independently of a communication link type.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,857 discloses a technique for distributing timing synchronization among the selected nodes and not the measurement of ring latency.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,748 discusses latency in terms of importance to traffic with respect to providing two ways of transmitting messages on a short cycle or a long cycle such that control can be exercised whether its a high priority or low priority traffic from the cycle period.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,309,428 discloses putting data on a ring and measuring with a clock the amount of time a frame transmits on the ring. The '428 patent does not utilize a token revolving naturally around the ring and the occurring frame transmissions for controlling latency.
None of the prior art measures latency on a ring without a clock. Nor does the prior art measure latency on a ring by counting bits between successive tokens or a token and the following frame to determine the amplitude and frequency of latency. Further, the prior art does not passively determine latency on the ring or have the ability to detect the insertion and removal of a station on the ring. The ability to passively measure latency on a ring without the use of clocks will advance the measurement and control of high speed data networks which are particularly sensitive to failure due to latency.
An object of the invention is a system and method for passively measuring ring latency on a token ring without the use of clocks.
Another object is a system and method for passively measuring the frequency and amplitude of ring latency by counting bits between successive tokens or a token and the following frame on the ring.
Another object is a system and method for passively measuring the total delay between any two tokens.
Another object is a system and method for detecting the insertion and removal of a station on a ring.
Another object is a system and method for detection of a passive device inserted or removed from a ring.
Another object is a system and a method for measuring the minimum and maximum number of bits between successive tokens, or a token and the following frame, and the number of changes in such bits as a basis for determining ring latency.
Another object is a system and method of generating a latency event vector indicative of ring latency in a measured-time interval.
Another object is a system and method for using a ring latency vector in controlling the timing of tokens on a network.
Still another object is a system and method of detecting and correcting latency trends.
These and other objects are accomplished in a ring environment including a plurality of stations and using standard token ring protocols (including FDDI). The token ring is subject to changes in the number of bits between successive tokens, the changes being due to changes in the electrical and operational characteristics of the network. Ring latency is determined for such changes by counting the minimum (Cmin) and maximum (Cmax) number of bits between successive tokens or between a token and the next frame, as a measurement of inter-token or token to frame spacing. The minimum and maximum spacing and the number of spacing changes (Li) in terms of bits on the line can be used during a measurement time interval (MTI) as an indicator of ring latency. Based upon the MTI, a latency control vector (Li) can be generated to indicate network performance. A monitoring station on the network responsive to the latency control vector adjusts the spacing between tokens by increasing or decreasing the speed of token generation through the addition or removal of delay between successive tokens by adding or withholding bits to the ring. Since counting of bits is a passive operation, the ring is not affected from a latency standpoint. The changes in the frequency and amplitude of the minimum and maximum number of bits between successive tokens is an indicator of the insertion or removal of a station on the ring. Likewise, such changes can determine the insertion or removal of a passive device on the ring.
In addition the vector (Li) can be changed to measure the minimum and maximum space between any two tokens (which will be effected by frame transmission activity) to adjust station traffic prioritization when necessary.
These and other objects, features and advantages will be more fully comprehended with reference to the accompanying figures.
FIG. 1 is a representation of a token ring which implements the principles of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a representation of a prior art frame and token which may be used on the ring of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a representation of an Event Driven Interface (EDI) for measuring successive token spacing or successive token--frame spacing on the ring of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4A is a block diagram of a control function coupled between the EDI of FIG. 3 and the token ring of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4B, is a block diagram of a buffer coupled to the control function of FIG. 4A.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a process implementing the present invention.
In FIG. 1, a token ring or FDDI ring 10 circulates a token 12, continuously among a plurality of ring stations 200, 202, 204; a monitor station 250 and a buffer 440 (to be described in conjunction with FIG. 4B). When a token passes by, the station recognizes the token and proceeds to capture the token after which the station is granted control of the ring for some specified time period during which it may transmit one or more frames 14, after which the token is released. Token rings and their operation are described in the prior art, as for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,235,593 issued Aug. 10, 1993.
In FIG. 2, the contents of a typical token 12 and frame 14 (for FDDI) are shown. The token 12 includes a series of fields including a preamble frame PA which consists of a sequence of idle line-state symbols which proceeds every transmission. The idle symbol provides a maximum frequency signal which is used for receive clock synchronization. A start delimiter field (SD) consists of a two control symbol stock delimiter pair which is uniquely recognizable independent of symbol boundaries. A control field (FC) defines the type of frame. With ring protocols, there is a bit in FC which uniquely distinguishes a token and is a basis for measuring latency in the present invention. An ending delimiter field (ED) usually completes a token. In the frame 14, a (DA) and an (FS) fields contain a destination and source addresses of any transmitted frame. The DA may be either an individual address or group address. A frame check sequence field (FCS) contains a cyclic redundancy check. The information field, as is the case for all fields covered by the FCS, consists of only of the data symbols.
Returning to FIG. 1, the FC field for FDDI or AC field for token ring include a bit 16 which when recognized by a station identifies an available token. Typically, the bit 16 is the fourth most significant bit in the AC field of a token on a token ring. The bit is used as a reference point in measuring the distance between the next successive token or the next frame following the token. The distances are an indication of the total delay around a ring.
In addition to the monitor station 250, the buffer 440, the ring is coupled through a control function 408 to an Event Driven Interface (EDI) 120A. The EDI is more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,375,070 assigned to the same assignee as that of the present invention, which patent is incorporated herein in its entirety. Turning to FIG. 3, the EDI is shown in greater detail. Essentially, the EDI is a digital filter for recognizing the token bit 16 in each token and counting bits between successive tokens or a token and a succeeding frame. A series of counters 252, 254 and 256 included in the digital filter are used to count bits in the digital stream 124 from the token ring card, once the token bit 16 is recognized. The counter 252 indicates Cmin the minimum number of bits between successive tokens or between any token and its successive frame. The counter 254 indicates Cmax the maximum number of bits between successive tokens or the token and a successive frame. The counter 256 indicates Fi the frequency or the number of latency changes on the ring media. By measuring the frequency of changes in counter 256 and the amplitude of the changes in counters 252 and 254, a latency vector Li can be generated and applied to a control function 408 (or to any and all stations) coupled to the ring 10. An example of a control function is shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
In addition, the EDI can be reprogrammed to count the maximum and minimum number of bits between any two tokens. One or more stations transmitting frames will cause this count to fluctuate due to frame transmission activity. The number of changes can be accumulated as well. The additional information can be used, in accordance with the invention, to set station traffic prioritization high for important traffic if the distance between tokens becomes too large.
In addition, the control function can direct changes in the priority of certain classes of traffic on the ring. For example, video traffic could be assigned to a higher priority since video is very sensitive to latency changes. Another control action would be to send "death" frames out to individual stations on the media to terminate their operation until the source of the latency problem was established. Also, a message could be sent to an operator indicating a growing latency problem and for the operator to initiate problem determination or diagnostics.
Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a latency vector L(i) is supplied as an output from the EDI on line 144 to the control function 408. The control function outputs one or more control signals 412 to the buffer. The function of the control function is to determine if latency has changed between two successive tokens or a token and a frame, then to send a signal or signals to the latency buffer shown in FIG. 4B. The latency difference between successive measurement time intervals can be measured by any prior art comparator or logic circuitry. If ring latency changes, the buffer 440 inserted on the media or ring can control the latency appearance as a fixed value to all the stations which are on the ring. The latency buffer 440 receives data from the ring 10 and the signal 412, the latter adjusting the amount of buffer in use at that particular time to compensate for latency changes. The control function described in FIG. 4A also provides a step 3. When latency changes, there is the option for control signal to be sent over the media or a control frame can be sent over the media so that all stations on the media can adjust transmission of their traffic, according to whether latency has increased or decreased dramatically on the media. The changes in the number of bits seen between the token and between tokens and frames are adjusted by the latency buffer 440 to keep the token spacing constant and therefore the delays that are seen on the media by the stations attached to the media. The adjusting function of the latency buffer reduces jitter and prevents interference to timing of sensitive traffic flows.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ICS Sample Report generated on Mon Oct 17 15:30:31 1994Bank Ring002 60-second intervals (15 devices)(1) Time (2) CMIN (3) CMAX (4) Fi (5) #T (6) #F (7) #FB__________________________________________________________________________ 14:37:38 154 164 31027 5695344 64125 9524525a)→ 14:38:38 154 164 30797 5709800 63739 9246333b)→ 14:39:38 154 171 31961 5698688 66169 9447011 14:40:38 154 172 31317 5726110 64839 8927730 14:41:38 154 171 31673 5699766 65768 9429014c)→ 14:42:38 154 172 28822 5753577 59292 8434750d)→ 14:43:38 154 164 31315 5713180 64848 9179279 14:44:38 154 164 29968 5733221 62085 8807505 14:45:38 154 164 31439 5727095 64214 8912988 14:46:38 154 164 30714 5734168 63340 8782112 14:47:38 154 164 30090 5745533 61859 8574217 14:48:38 154 173 34080 5625475 70344 10832574 14:49:38 154 173 38026 5581811 79184 11610970 14:50:38 154 164 34030 5695403 70355 9481875 14:51:38 154 164 30950 5723730 64062 8977218 14:52:38 154 171 29724 5733870 61471 8801154 14:53:38 154 164 32757 5695964 67460 9493358 14:54:38 154 172 29973 5710488 62306 9245520 14:55:38 154 164 31139 5715644 64509 9135116 14:56:38 154 164 31081 5708961 64248 9265453 14:57:38 154 171 31330 5687914 64533 9669024 14:58:38 154 172 30487 5711437 63086 9223429 14:59:38 154 171 31916 5695996 65954 9503629__________________________________________________________________________
Referring to Table 1 and FIG. 3, a sequence of time periods is shown, each time period definitive of a latency control vector (Li). Each latency control vector is an output of counters 252, 254 and 256. The counters are outputted each time period or measurement time interval (MTI).
Column 1 in Table 1 is the MTI, in this case one minute.
Column 2 is Cmin, the minimum latency value field detected on the ring in the MTI by the output of counter 252 shown in FIG. 3.
Column 3 is Cmax, the maximum latency count measured on the ring as the output of counter 254.
Column 4 is Fi, the number of latency changes which is the output of counter 256.
Other counters shown in the Table 1 but not described here, include for example, the fifth column which indicates the number of times a token circulated the ring, the sixth column indicates the number of frames transmitted, the seventh column indicates the number of frame bytes.
The outputs of counters 252, 254 and 256 form a latency vector L(i) for the MTI which vector is sent to the control function 408 for latency control purposes.
Table 1 shows the actual statistics for a token ring having fifteen devices with measurement time interval (MTI) of 60 seconds or one minute. Row a initiates a time interval at 14:37:38 in column 1. For this one minute period ending at 14:38:38, the minimum latency count on the ring or Cmin in column 2, row A was as low as 154 bits. The maximum latency count on the ring or Cmax in column 3, Row a was as high as 164 bits. The latency counter 256 is in column 4. This counter shows a value of 30,797 which means latency changed on the ring 30,797 times during the previous sixty second interval. The number of times latency was measured can be shown by looking at the number of tokens or 5,709,800, shown in column 5, Row a and the number of frames or 63,739 shown in column 6, row a. The number of frame bytes is 9,246,333. If the number of frames is subtracted from the token count, the minimum number of intervals in which latency was measured is well over 51/2 million times. Each time the latency value of the ring was checked, only 30,797 times was a change identified and the change was no greater than an extra 10 bits of delay.
If values increase in the fourth column, Fi, then a jitter problem is indicated as taking place in the ring due to the various changes in the apparent delays for traffic transmitted on the ring. For example, the fourth column which shows the number of latency changes, can be viewed as a frequency of latency changes. The columns CMIN and CMAX which have the minimum latency and the maximum latency, can be viewed as the amplitude of the latency. If the amplitude, which is the difference between the min and max values is very large, and the number of changes is very large, experience indicates a thrashing environment on the line and latency is likely to be a problem to timing sensitive processes, particularly isochronous traffic flows, such as full motion video. Such a line condition can cause distortion and poor quality of the image on the video screen utilizing the particular media.
Turning to Row b in Table 1 at MTI 14:39:38, notice the maximum latency value changes from a count of 164 to 171. A jump in amplitude usually indicates a synchronization problem for one or more stations attached to the media. In Table 1, the problem existed for four minutes and thereafter stops. The difference at Row c, which is 14:42:38 and Row d, which is 14:43:38, indicates the maximum latency value changes again from 172 down to 164 indicating the synchronization problem ceased.
Experience indicates that when the number of latency changes is greater than 100,000 for each million tokens circulated, "jitter" can become a problem on the ring. In the examples in Table 1, the difference between CMAX-CMIN is large enough and the magnitude of Fi is large enough for a warning message to be issued to an operator that jitter is beginning.
Notice throughout Table 1 that the minimum latency is 154 which is an indication of the cable length and the number of attached stations. The maximum latency show variations due to the fact that timing problems could be occurring in the synchronization of the individual stations in the ring. When new stations join the ring and drop off the ring at certain periods of time, the CMIN value will jump or decrease due to the increase in latency that any active or passive station introduces to the ring.
The rows in Table 1 form a series of latency control vectors. Each vector is formed from the statistical information collected from on the ring by doing pattern matching with the EDI 120A shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. The EDI collects the information regarding the amplitude of latency and the number of latency changes. Stated another way, the counters 252, 254 and 256 in FIG. 3, accumulate the information in a passive fashion, that is to say, the data is collected without disturbing the timing of the ring in any way or using any clocks.
By using latency information the detection of passive devices attached to the ring can be determined. A passive device means a device attached to the ring solely to listen and not participate in the token ring protocol operation. In most ring protocol operation devices attached to the ring, announce their presence through a series of frames and control information passed between the station, its neighbors and a monitoring station. In addition, each device attached to a ring participates in a ring poll every seven seconds which indicates the presence of the attaching device to the other stations or devices. Some devices attach to the ring such as LAN analyzers, as well as intruder devices, solely to listen to the traffic that is taking place on the ring. When a device attaches to the ring, it is impossible not to disturb the latency of the ring, as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________ICA Sample Report generated on Mon July 25 13:40:53 1994 Test RingI-second intervals (16 devices)Time CMIN CMAX Fi #T #F #FB______________________________________13:39.33 120 121 42 130755 90 7230a)→13:39:34 120 121 22 131038 33 3240b)→13:39:35 115 121 39 115166 73 595813.39.36 115 116 45 136459 95 658813:39.37 115 116 23 136646 53 419513:39:38 115 116 31 136533 61 572913:39:39 115 116 15 136725 39 312613:39:40 115 116 46 136519 79 580713:39:41 115 116 28 136632 52 4227...13:40:18 115 116 33 136568 73 512013:40:19 115 116 35 130889 67 425813:40:20 115 116 30 136607 59 469613:40:21 115 116 37 136513 72 591713:40:22 115 116 24 136653 46 4080c)→13:40:23 115 121 43 133932 76 6319d)→13:40:24 120 121 38 130788 78 665113:40:25 120 121 51 130852 85 594913:40:26 120 121 39 130812 85 636613:40:27 120 121 11 131146 18 1789______________________________________
Table 2 is the same as Table 1 except it is for a different ring and the measurement time interval in Table 2 is on a per-second basis, whereas Table 1 measurement time interval is on a per-minute basis. Since the MTI is smaller then the values are smaller in Table 2 than in Table 1. Considering Table 2, an example of a station joining the ring and a station leaving the ring are shown. In line a, the CMIN field shows 120 and the CMAX field shows 121 indicating an amplitude variation of timing in the ring of one bit during that one second interval time. Line a) indicates an Fi of 22 which indicates 22 changes occurred in latency on the ring between 131,038 tokens. Line b) which is at time 13:39:35, shows a decrease in the CMIN value from 120 to 115. CMIN represents the minimum latency observed on the ring. The minimum latency is the function of the physical characteristics of the ring which is cable length and the number of stations attached. Only two things can cause this. Either the cable length has been altered dynamically on the fly to a shorter value or a station has been attached. A cable length cannot be altered on the fly to a smaller length without bringing down the ring. In this particular case, the only basis that can cause a decrease is a station has left the ring.
In the second group of data at line c), CMIN is 115, CMAX is 121 while at line d) CMIN is 120 and CMAX is 121. During the second from 13:40:23 to 13:40:24, a station has joined the ring. If the CMIN value changes by at least 2, experiences indicates a station has joined the ring. Whether the station is an active station or a passive station can be determined by whether or not the station participates in the ring poll sequence that occurs every seven seconds. Attaching any number of existing LAN software or hardware analyzer to the media, will give information about the poll sequence on the ring. Basically, if the station attaches to the ring and a change of CMIN occurs which is greater than 2, experience indicates a new station has attached to the ring. The ring should also subsequently indicate within the next seven seconds a ring poll sequence in which that new station identifies its presence on the ring. When that occurs, there is a clear indication that an active station has come onto the ring.
If CMIN goes up, as shown in lines c) and d) in Table 2 and there is no change in the ring poll sequence, then an indication is given that a passive or intruder device has attached to the ring. Thus the invention can detect security problems.
The present invention also indicates when a passive device attaches to the ring because latency changes will take place and will indicate that some device has now become active on the ring. Regardless of whether the device chooses or not to become part of the media protocol, the present invention will be able to detect its presence. Both Table 1 and Table 2 give indications of the jitter on the media. One way to detect whether the jitter is becoming a problem and to be able to track it is to have a sequence of tests that determines whether or not jitter is building on the ring and the severity of the jitter. Shown below are examples of jitter tests to help identify whether jitter on the media is becoming a problem or exists as a severe problem currently in the data observed.
(1) If CMAX-CMIN≦2 And Fi<0.01 * (#T-#F) Then Ideal State
(2) If 6≧CMAX-CMIN>2 and Fi<0.001 * (#T-#F) Then Warning State
(3) If 28≧CMAX-CMIN>6 and Fi<0.1 * (#T-#F) Then Mild Jitter Detected
(4) If 56≧CMAX-CMIN>28 and Fi>0.1 * (#T-#F) Then Jitter Detected
(5) If MAXL-MINL>56 or Fi>0.2 * #T Then Severe Jitter Detected
Equation 1 shows a test to determine if the difference between MIN and MAX is ≦ or = to 2 and the total number of latency changes Fi is less than one percent of the number of tokens minus the number of frames, experience indicates an ideal state for a high speed data communications line. For example, considering Table 2, the difference between MIN and MAX, except for line b) and line c) is always within one. The reason difference is larger at line b) and line c) is because there was a change to the media by the insertion or the drop off of a station on the media. This test indicates if there is very little change in the difference between MIN and MAX and the frequency of changes is small compared to the number of tokens, and an ideal state exists on the line.
Equation 2 shows the variation in MIN and MAX to be greater than 2 but ≦6. Six is the standard value for the amount of bit buffering typically provided in monitor stations 250 (see FIG. 1) for elastic buffering. Such buffering prevents bits from being lost due to delay variations on the media. In this range and where the Fi value is less then one percent of the tokens minus the number of frames, the line is entering a warning state which says that jitter is beginning on the media and should be watched but its within the tolerance of the media to deal with the jitter as it exists. Table 1 shows the data fits within the jitter test set forth in equation 2.
Equation 3 show the jitter is greater then 6 but ≦ to 28 and the frequency is greater then 10 percent of the tokens minus the number of frames. In this condition, experience indicates mild jitter has occurred on the line. This jitter condition is within the tolerance of many IBM adapter cards which supply a 56-bit elastic buffer, 28 is half of that elastic buffer and indicates a delay variances �28 bits is available. Any more than 28 bits causes a ring failure.
Equation 4 shows a change in CMIN and CMAX of more than 28 bits is significant and more than likely beyond the ability of the stations on the media to tolerate the jitters. If this is occurring >than 10 percent of the total token count, minus the number of frames, a jitter condition exists on the line.
Finally equation 5 indicates, if either the MAX and MIN difference is greater then 56 or the frequency is greater then 20 percent of the tokens, a severe jitter detection problem on the media.
FIG. 5 shows a process implementing the invention. In step 401, a token is initiated on the ring 110 by a monitor station 250. In a step 403, pattern matching is performed at the EDI for identifying "J", "K" code violations. The token bit 16 (see FIG. 1) is identified by the EDI in a step 405. In step 407, the EDI initiates a bit counting process on the media until the next token is captured and the next token bit 16 or the next frame is identified. The counting operation distributes the bit counts in the measurement time interval into the Cmin or minimum counter 252 or Cmax or maximum counter 254. Cmin and Cmax indicate the amplitude (A) of the latency changes for the measurement time intervals. If the count changes between successive tokens or a token and the next frame, the latency counter 256 is increased to provide an indication of the frequency (Fi) of latency changes on the ring. The results of the Cmin, Cmax and (Fi) generate L(i) a latency vector indicative of ring latency. An operation 409 repeats steps 401-407 to form and update a latency vector in an operation 411. The latency vector L(i) is supplied as an input to the control function in an operation 413. The control function can provide an input to the buffer or the monitor station which adjusts the latency on the ring in accordance with the latency vector by adding or delaying the addition of bits on the ring to keep the amplitude of latency changes bounded and the number of latency changes small.
Although a specific embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, it will be understood by those having skill in the art that changes can be made to the specific embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification
|370/452, 370/252, 252/516, 370/460
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 28, 1995
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WACLAWSKY, JOHN G.;HERSHEY, PAUL C.;REEL/FRAME:007708/0326
Effective date: 19950531
|Oct 23, 1997
Owner name: BAYER AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WEISSER, JURGEN;RICHTER, FRANK;DIERIS, CARL-GERD;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008974/0001;SIGNING DATES FROM 19970821 TO 19970829
|Mar 6, 2001
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 12, 2001
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 16, 2001
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20010812


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Printed Circuit Board Assembly & PCB Design Forum
SMT electronics assembly manufacturing forum.
How come I don't get an E mail notification when someone pos... - Mar 21, 2005 by Sr.Tech
Hellooooo...... Is there anybody out there ? ... - Mar 29, 2005 by Sr.Tech
Yes, we are out there ;-) I have been looking into this amon... - Mar 30, 2005 by Masters
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