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The Group has committed to support both Habitat for Humanity and Variety, the Children's charity.
By building new homes, we aim to make a difference to the way our customers live. Similarly through supporting charities we hope our donations can make a difference to lives of hundreds of thousands of people in the UK and overseas.
In each of our divisional teams we have dedicated 'Charity Champions' who work tirelessly to organise events and fundraise for these two worthy causes. It is through the contributions of our staff as well as suppliers, contractors and stakeholders which enable us to provide support to people across the world.
As part of Crest Nicholson's 50th birthday anniversary celebrations in 2013 the Group committed to support Habitat for Humanity - Hope Builders Initiative
Crest Nicholson forged a partnership with the Children's Charity 'Variety' in 2005. During this time the Group has donated 27 sunshine coaches as well as providing additional donations.
* We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue without changing your settings, we'll assume that you are happy to receive all cookies on the Crest Nicholson website. However, if you would like to, you can change your cookie settings in your internet browser at any time.
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'My Crest' Portfolio makes searching for your dream Crest Nicholson home so much easier.


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Internal Control
The Board is responsible for maintaining sound and effective internal control systems, which are designed for safeguarding the Group's assets, maintaining proper accounts, and ensuring compliance with relevant laws and regulations. The systems of internal control are aimed at mitigating the risks faced by the Group to an acceptable level, therefore such systems are designed to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss, and to manage risks of failure in the Group's operational systems.
Measures have been established to provide effective internal control systems, including a defined organisational structure with clear lines of responsibility and authority; an appropriate management reporting system; and a periodic control risk self- assessment conducted by major business units to ensure the adequacy of relevant risk mitigation plan.
For the year ended 30 June 2016, the Board has, through the Audit Committee and with the assistance of the Management and the internal and external auditors, conducted a review of the effectiveness of the Group's internal control systems, including without limitation financial control, operational control, compliance control and risk management functions. The Board is of the view that the internal control systems are effective and there are no irregularities, improprieties, fraud or other deficiencies that suggest material deficiency in the effectiveness of the Group's internal control systems. In addition, through the Audit Committee, the Board also considered the adequacy of resources, qualifications and experience of staff of the Group's accounting and financial reporting function including their training programmes and budget.
The internal auditor adopts a risk-and-control-based approach to review all major operations of the Group. An audit plan would be formulated in a risk-weighted manner so that priorities and appropriate audit frequency could be given to areas with higher risks. Results of audit reviews in the form of audit reports are submitted to the members of the Audit Committee and discussed at the Audit Committee meetings. The internal audit reports are also followed up by the internal auditor to ensure that findings previously identified have been properly resolved.


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Core Lecturers
The Core Lecturer position was created at Columbia in 2006 as a way of retaining Columbia College's best graduate student instructors. The position offers two-year, faculty-rank postdoctoral appointments in which Core Lecturers, sometimes referred to as Core Faculty Fellows, teach almost exclusively in the Core Curriculum.
Core Lecturers represent some of the most skilled and dedicated teachers in the Core faculty. Harkening back to figures like Jacques Barzun and Lionel Trilling who, as young instructors, had a decisive impact on the energy, tenor and ambition of the Core, Core Lecturers bring fresh and cutting-edge perspectives to the classroom and contribute substantially to the weekly pedagogical discussions held by the broader faculty.
Contemporary Civilization
Andreas Avgousti
Andreas Avgousti's research is in ancient Greek political thought, with a view to contemporary political theoretical discussions on citizenship and democracy. He is currently working on a book manuscript tentatively called Recovering Reputation: Plato and Demotic Power. Avgousti also has research interests in the relationship between politics and knowledge, in international politics and in moral psychology with a special focus on evolutionary theory. Avgousti received his Ph.D. in political science from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; en route he also obtained an M.A. and M.Phil. in political science from Columbia. He also holds an M.Sc. in political theory and a B.Sc. in government and history (First Class) from the London School of Economics. Avgousti has been teaching Contemporary Civilization since Fall 2013. His favorite Core text is Plato's Republic, with Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals coming in a close second.
Nicholas Chong
Nicholas J. Chong is a musicologist whose research interests center on the music of the late Classical and early Romantic eras in Germany and Austria, focusing in particular on the relationship of music to religious, political and intellectual history. He recently completed his Ph.D. at Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, with a dissertation entitled "Beethoven's Catholicism: A Reconsideration," which argues that both Beethoven and his religious music were more heavily influenced by Catholic theological ideas than has been previously thought. While a graduate student, Chong taught Music Humanities as well as Contemporary Civilization, and was awarded the Meyerson Award for Excellence in Teaching for his teaching in Music Hum. He also served for three years as a consultant at the Writing Center. Before completing his Ph.D., Chong earned a B.A. in music, summa cum laude, from Yale, as well as a M.Mus. in orchestral conducting from the College-Conservatory of Music, University of Cincinnati. Aside from his scholarly life, he continues to perform as a conductor and as a singer. Born in Singapore to Malaysian parents, Chong attended high school in Melbourne, Australia, before coming to the United States.
Kevin Elliott
Kevin J. Elliott received his Ph.D. in political science from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 2015, an M.Sc. in political theory from the London School of Economics and a B.A. in political science and public policy from UCLA (summa cum laude, departmental and collegiate honors). He studies political theory and American politics. Drawing on both theoretical and empirical sources, Elliott's research focuses on the normative justification and design of political institutions, particularly with the aim of improving the representation of marginalized groups. His research interests include democratic theory, modern political thought, public opinion and political behavior, particularly as the latter two relate to political interest and political participation. His work is forthcoming in the Journal of Politics.
Jeremy Forster
One of the most rewarding opportunities Jeremy Forster had as a graduate student at Columbia was teaching Contemporary Civilization. He has taught CC twice before, in the 2013-2014and 2014-2015 academic years. He is thrilled to return as a Core Lecturer and to continue to be involved with Columbia undergraduates in the collective intellectual endeavor to make sense of some of the most difficult texts and ideas in the history of political, social, religious, moral and philosophical thought. Jeremy received his B.A. in philosophy from Brown University and recently his Ph.D. in philosophy from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. His dissertation, "Nietzsche and the Pathologies of Meaning," traces Nietzsche's shifting understanding of an axiological crisis at the center of modern life, a crisis which he eventually calls nihilism and which has as its center the sense that life in the modern world lacks meaning. More than tracing his evolving conception of this predicament, Forster's dissertation focuses on the different solutions Nietzsche offers or that are available to him depending on how he conceives of nihilism. His research is also focused on other figures in 19th and 20th century German philosophical tradition, such as Hegel, Marx, and the Frankfurt School, and how they too take up similar questions about how we can live well in the modern world. Intricately connected to this research are interests in ethics, aesthetics, and social philosophy. Forster's current research projects are centered on questions of how Nietzsche understands the notion of affirmation and its relation to questions of meaning and value. For instance, what does Nietzsche mean by affirmation? What is the object of affirmation, in other words, what exactly is it that is affirmed? What conditions have to be in place that allow for a properly affirmative stance, and what type of attitude or comportment to the world does it involve?
Francis Hittinger
Francis R. Hittinger holds his Ph.D. from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in Italian and comparative literature and society. His dissertation, "Dante as Critic of Political Economy in Convivio and Monarchia," examined Dante's political works in the context of his literary output, medieval Florentine culture and political institutions, the history of early (proto)capitalism in 13th and 14th century Italy, medieval political thought, and the history of ideas. Francis' work seeks to demonstrate that Dante is one of the first articulate critics of what we might call "medieval political economy" or early Italian capitalism. He is looking forward to adapting his research for a scholarly monograph in the new future. Among Francis' many interests -- besides medieval Italian literature and history -- are Aristotle, Giambattista Vico, Gramsci, the problem of "humanism" and 15th-16th century Italian culture, Classical literary and intellectual trajectories, Italian baroques and counter-enlightenment, the history of Christianity, genealogical and historicist methodologies, classical political economy and the intersection(s) of the capitalism and political theology. Francis was a preceptor in the Core Curriculum, teaching Contemporary Civilization I-II (2015-2016) and is happy to return as a Core Lecturer. Francis' favorite books in the Contemporary Civilization curriculum are Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals. Francis holds his B.A. in classics (University of Chicago,), M.A. in romance languages (University of Notre Dame), M.Phil. in Italian and comparative literature and society (Columbia) and Ph.D. in Italian and comparative literature and society (Columbia).
Stephanie Ramsey
Stephanie Holstad Ramsey received her Ph.D. in cognitive studies in education under the advisement of Deanna Kuhn at Columbia University's Teachers College. Her dissertation explored the development of multivariable thinking in the middle school years. Stephanie's past experience includes serving as a Peace Corps volunteer in Malawi as a teacher in a community secondary school. Her research in cognitive development and experience teaching children and adults inform her teaching philosophy. Her classrooms are heavily discussion-based with active students and deep engagement facilitating not only the learning of content knowledge but enriched thinking and cognitive development. She does not play favorites among her students or Core texts, but if pressed she would admit that her favorite texts to discuss are Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and Social Contract. More information about her research and teaching can be found at stephanieholstadramsey.com.
Justin Reynolds
Justin Reynolds is a historian of modern European and international history, with a specialization in intellectual and religious history. After serving as a teaching assistant in Columbia's Department of History, he taught Contemporary Civilization for two years as a graduate student before becoming a Core Lecturer. A graduate of the University of Chicago (B.A.), the University of Cambridge (M.Phil.), and Columbia (Ph.D.), he is currently preparing a manuscript, "Against the World: Protestant Internationalism and the Ecumenical Movement between Secularization and Politics, 1900-1952," for publication. The book reconstructs the intellectual origins of the Protestant-led ecumenical movement, a constellation of efforts to promote the world unity of Christian churches, and shows how a new relation between Christianity and politics emerged from efforts to internationalize religious authority. His research interests include the history of political thought, religion and international politics, secularization, and environmental history.
Michael Stevenson
Michael Robert Stevenson received his B.A. in philosophy from the University of Pennsylvania and an M.Phil. and Ph.D. in philosophy from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. His main research interests are in the history of German philosophy from the late 18th to the early 20th centuries, especially idealistic and phenomenological conceptions of selfhood and subjectivity. Before becoming a Core Lecturer, he taught at Hunter College, CUNY. His favorite Core text is Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin of Inequality and Foundations of Inequality Among Men.
Literature Humanities
Humberto Ballesteros Capasso
Humberto Ballesteros, born in Bogotá, Colombia in 1979, holds a B.A. in literature from Los Andes University, a M.A. in literature from Pontifical Xaverian University, an M.A. in humanities and social thought from NYU and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Italian from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. His academic work focuses on the intersection between medieval philosophy and the Italian literary production of the Trecento, with an emphasis on Dante's poetry. He is also an accomplished writer of fiction and the author of three books, including an award-winning novel.
Dalia Inbal
Dalia Inbal specializes in German and Austrian modernist literature. She received her Ph.D. in Germanic Languages and literatures from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 2016. Her research focuses on the works of Franz Kafka. Before coming to Columbia, she studied comparative literature and Jewish studies at the Freie Universität in Berlin. She also spent a year as a Fulbright exchange scholar at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. During her graduate studies at Columbia, she taught Literature Humanities for four semesters as a Core preceptor. She also taught for six semesters in the Department of Germanic Languages (Elementary German I and II, and Intermediate Conversation). Her favorite Lit Hum books are Homer's The Iliad and Cervantes' Don Quixote and she is very excited to continue to teach Lit Hum as a Core Lecturer.
Janet Min Lee
Janet Min Lee holds a B.A. in English literature (2006) from Columbia College and a Ph.D. in eighteenth-century British Literature (2015) from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. In her dissertation, "How Allegories Mean in the Novel: From Personification to Impersonation in Eighteenth-Century British Fiction," she examined the disorienting effects of allegory's ongoing presence in eighteenth-century fiction. Operating alongside the currents of empiricism and realism in the period, allegory, she argued, was foundational to establishing literary techniques that would later be termed "novelistic." Her favorite allegories in Lit Hum are Delusion (Homer's The Iliad) and Eros (Plato's Symposium) – both continuously touching things with their soft feet.
Elizabeth Marcus
Elizabeth Marcus completed her Ph.D. in French and comparative literature at Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences and received her B.A. in modern history and French at the University of Oxford. Her research focuses on the intellectual and cultural history of the francophone and Arab world, with a particular interest in intellectual networks, multilingualism, migration and cosmopolitanism. Her dissertation, "Difference and Dissidence: French, Arabic and Cultural Conflict in Post-independence Lebanon, 1943–1975," examined the afterlife of French colonialism in Lebanon, specifically French-Arabic bilingualism from 1943-1975. Putting literary sources in dialogue with legal and anthropological texts, this interdisciplinary research explores how linguistic identity became a crucial vector in the sectarian articulation of difference. Marcus is developing a second project which explores the formation of global intellectual networks post WWII. It examines how intellectual communities and third world movements conceived of the character and nature of postwar and postcolonial borders, networks and revolutionary activity as conditions of knowledge production. To do so, she focus on the international student residence in Paris founded in the 1920s, the Cité internationale universitaire de Paris, to reveal how it became a meeting place for international students, writers and intellectuals during the Trente Glorieuses (1945-1975). Using a range of archival, visual, oral, journalistic and autobiographical source materials, this project situates the Cité U in a wider history of student exile, migration, francophone networks of knowledge and the expansion of the university. In addition to her formal training, she has studied and conducted research in France, the United Kingdom, Syria, Lebanon and Israel.
Katharine McIntyre
Katharine McIntyre received her Ph.D. in philosophy from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 2015. Prior to starting her Ph.D., she earned a B.A. from Dartmouth College with a major in philosophy and a minor in English. She works primarily in 19th- and 20th-century European social philosophy, especially Hegel, Nietzsche, Foucault and the contemporary critical theorists. McIntyre's interest in Literature Humanities began with a desire to indulge in reading the classics and to expand her repertoire beyond works of traditional philosophy. But her philosophical work has been invigorated and transformed by the Lit Hum texts, which together provide a genealogy of modern, Western values and social practices.
Arthur Salvo
Arthur Salvo holds a Ph.D. in Germanic languages from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (2015). Before coming to Columbia, he completed his B.A. and M.A. in German at New York University and studied at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Arthur's research focuses on German literature from 1750 to the present, with specializations in 18th-century literature, aesthetic theory, intellectual history and philosophical anthropology. His dissertation, "Transformations of the Beautiful: Beauty and Instability in Eighteenth- and Early Nineteenth-Century German Literature," investigates the problematic status of beauty in modernity — and literary responses to it — in works by Winckelmann, Schiller, Jean Paul and Eichendorff. His newest project, "Metaphysical Landscapes: 1850-2000," explores how German literary texts use landscapes to stage a relationship between transcendental insight and earthly experience. Fellowships from The Fulbright Program as well as The Berlin Program for Advanced German and European Studies have supported Arthur's research at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and the Freie Universität Berlin. In addition to Literature Humanities, Arthur has taught many courses in German language and culture at Columbia. As a graduate student he was recognized for his teaching of Literature Humanities with the Preceptor Teaching Award. If pressed to name his favorite book on the Lit Hum syllabus, Arthur would choose Montaigne's Essays; in truth, it's whichever book he's teaching that week.
Hiie Saumaa
Hiie Saumaa holds a B.A. from the University of Tartu (2003), an M.Ed. from Delta State University (2005), and M.A. from the University of Tartu (2006), an M.A. from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (2008) and a Ph.D. from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (2014). Saumaa specializes in early 20th century British and American culture, with a particular interest in the writings of movement educators and dance luminaries of the period. Her current work explores interconnections between dance writing, somatics and literary imagination, and her publications are forthcoming in Dance Chronicle and Dance Research Journal. She holds certifications in Nia dance, JourneyDance and BodyLogos Active Meditation, and along with courses in literature and writing teaches classes and workshops in sensory-based dance modalities, creative movement, expressive arts and somatic awareness. She is also invested in creative pedagogy: her work focusing on collaboration and imaginative learning in academic classrooms has been featured in Columbia's Center for Teaching and Learning Faculty Spotlight and a co-authored article on her pedagogical projects in Literature Humanities is forthcoming in Hybrid Pedagogy. She is currently designing workshops on embodied learning and a writing course on the topic of improvisation. Her favorite book in the Core Curriculum is If Not, Winter: Fragments of Sappho.
Christoph Schaub
Educated in Germany and the U.S., Christoph Schaub received his Ph.D. from Columbia's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in Germanic languages (2015). His academic focus is on urban culture, modernism, and literature and globalization in 20th Century and contemporary German literature; additional interests include popular music and film studies. A substantial revision of his dissertation, current book project "Proletarian Transnationalism: World Literature, Internationalism and Working-Class Writing in Interwar Germany" analyzes the media, social practices and literary texts through which an internationalist world literature was constructed by the transnationally connected publics and marginally canonical and non-canonical writers of the labor movement in the Weimar Republic (1918-1933). In addition, the book contributes to world literature theory and argues that we should understand this kind of writing as a form of literary modernism. In addition to Lit Hum, Schaub taught German language at Columbia and classes in social theory and cultural studies at several German universities. A recipient of fellowships from the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, The Fulbright Program and the Whiting Foundation, his essays have been published, or are forthcoming, in edited volumes on the politics of memory and the transnational travels of popular music and in such journals as New German Critique, Monatshefte and the Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur (IASL). Schaub is also the book review editor and associate editor of the The Germanic Review. Schaub's favorite Lit Hum books are Montaigne's Essays and Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse.


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Cinema projector sound, starting and stabilizing.
amazing!!! thank you so much!
Very nice sound,used to start my movie
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great thx
I am currently making a short film for my friend's wedding. This sample is perfect for my needs and thank you very much!
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Can you limit the number of submissions from a given person?Asked by email@example.com on September 30, 2015 at 12:22 PM
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You have an empty canteen, your hands are covered in blisters, and you've been digging holes since the crack of dawn. Welcome to Camp Green Lake, the juvenile detention camp at the center of Northwood High School's production of "Holes."
Adapted from Louis Sachar's best selling novel, "Holes" tells the tale of a teenage boy who, after being accused of stealing shoes, is given the choice to either go to juvenile hall or to Camp Green Lake.
Teaming creativity with dedication, the cast and crew of Northwood High School's "Holes" dig in to bring Camp Green Lake to life.
Convinced that he is cursed by his great-great grandfather, Stanley Yelnats believes that no good luck will ever come his way. Sean Hemenway remains committed to his character as he endures his punishment of digging holes in the camp's dried-up lakebed.
Feared by all the boys and head honcho at Camp Green Lake is none other than the warden. Samantha Bussard matches her character with the presentation of a strong woman in command.
One of the boys in "D Tent" and a comrade of Stanley's is the crazed character rightfully named Zig-Zag. Brantzen Wong completes the scene with his whimsical jokes and supplies some laughter as he picks on Stanley for being the new guy
Sweet school teacher turned Wild West robber could only be the famous "Kissin'" Kate Barlow. Andrea Corbin mandates the audience's attention whenever she enters onto the stage. Corbin displays strength when she transforms her character from charming and angelic to tenacious and aggressive.
The good-natured man with whom Kate Barlow falls in love is the gentle Sam as characterized by Theo Iyler. Iyler is most notable and a true standout of the show for his honest and subtle portrayal.
Covered by the naturalistic rocky desert terrain, the set design by Kyle Arnold enhances the dry feel of Camp Green Lake. With characters popping in and out, Arnold's leading convention is the construction of holes in the stage for the actors to stand in.
Despite the missed technical cues and mishaps, the cast and crew prevail with their bounteous supply of devotion to the production.
As all the holes have been dug and the canteens have been filled as Northwood High School's presentation of "Holes" leaves the audience diggin' for more.
Amy Schultz is a senior at La Habra High School in La Habra.


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Walnut (California): Reigning Olympic 100m champion Maurice Greene called for an investigation into allegations that prominent US Olympians, like Carl Lewis, failed drug tests in the build-up to the 1988 Seoul Games.
Everybody who tested positive should get busted. There shouldnt be any cover-ups, said Greene at the Mount San Antonio College relays on Saturday where he won the 200m.
The charges, reported this week in Sports Illustrated, The Daily Telegraph in London and The Orange County Register, came in documents released by former US Olympic committee anti-doping official Dr Wade Exum.
Exums papers indicated Lewis was one of 19 prominent American athletes who tested positive but were still allowed to compete in South Korea. Lewis was awarded the gold medal in Seoul in the 100m after Canadian Ben Johnson was stripped of his for failing a dope test after the race. Johnson tested positive for the steroid stanozolol.
It is terrible, Greene said. It is hurting our sport in general ...Not just in the United States but in general. It is a bad thing.
According to Exums documents, Lewis was one of three eventual gold medallists who tested positive for banned stimulants at the 1988 Olympic trials in Indianapolis. It was claimed Lewis gave three urine samples containing pseudoephedrine, ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine.
American runner Terry Evens said that he was stunned by the claims against Lewis, who won nine Olympic gold medals in a glittering career. I heard about it last night when a couple of guys were sitting around talking, said Evens, who competed in a relay at Mt SAC. I was shocked. It left me speechless. I still look up to Carl.
Joe Deloach, who won the 200m, and Andre Phillips, who won the 400m hurdles, also tested positive for a banned stimulant in 1988.
None was prevented from competing after the US Olympic Committee determined they had ingested the substances inadvertently. (AFP)


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StubbyQ you may have overlooked something.
Some say that each one of those ninty degree elbows will restrict the airflow by fifty percent.
So that's 3 times .75 divided by 2 equals 1.125 sq inches of warmed air intake being forced to reverse flow downward to the fire box, it's actually less than 1.125 sq inches of intake available, because heat and smoke like to go up, so now you've created another restriction of unknown value by forcing the intake downward. Horizontal flow works


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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
Bratti, Massimiliano
Conti, Chiara
Conti, Chiara
Year of Publication:
Series/Report no.:
54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional development & globalisation: Best practices", 26-29 August 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia
Immigration has recently been at the centre of the political and economic agenda. Economists have studied extensively the impact of immigration on several economic and social indicators of host countries. The effect of immigration on innovation and technical change is, however, not much studied. The existing work on the effect of immigrants on innovation is generally limited to the role played by highly educated immigrants, generally immigrants with at least tertiary education, and is mostly focused on the US. Yet, although in anglosaxon countries skilled immigration is a sizeable phenomenon -- according to the Docquier and Marfouk (2006) data the percentages of tertiary educated immigrants were in 2001 40.3% for Australia, 58.8% for Canada, 34.9% for the UK, ad 42.7% for the US -- this is much less the case in European countries, for which just the minority of immigrants are skilled. Just to take a few figures, according to the same source, the percentages of tertiary-educated immigrants were 16.4% for France, 21.8% for Germany, 15.4% for Italy and 18.5% for Spain. Now, although the existing literature has emphasized why there are good reasons to expect positive effects of skilled immigrants on the innovation of the receiving countries, it has much less to say about the general effect of immigrants, or of low-educated immigrants. In this paper, we make an attempt to partly fill the gap concerning the effects of overall immigration on innovation, and in particular of low-skilled immigrants, existing in the literature. In addition to providing evidence for a country which was exposed to a very fast and large wave of immigration during the 2000s -- Italy --, and for which evidence is scant, we also use a very small geographical scale of analysis -- Italian provinces corresponding to NUTS-3 regions --, which presumably enables us to better control for differences in institutional and socio-economic factors which are difficult to observe but which may simultaneously contribute to both attracting new immigrants and to increasing the innovation potential of a region. More importantly, unlike most papers in the literature which only investigated the effect of skilled immigration, (i) we first focus on the general impact of immigration on innovation, and then (ii) separately look at the effects of low-educated and high-educated immigrants on innovation. Last but not least, we tackle potential endogeneity issues by using a well established instrumental variables (IVs, hereafter) strategy based on immigrants' enclaves.
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Patent applications
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Rio 2 (2014) Dual Audio 720p BluRay 1GB
Rio 2 (2014) full Movie Download
Rio 2 (2014) full Movie Download, Cartoon Rio 2 free download in hd for pc and mobile dvdrip mp4 and high quality mkv movie in 720p bluray
Movie info :
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Language: Hindi – English
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Rio 2 (2014) Film Short Story :
It's a wilderness out there for Blu, Jewel and their three children after they're plunged Rio de Janeiro to the wilds of the Amazon. As Blu tries to fit in, he runs mouth to-bill with the vindictive Nigel, and meets the most fearsome enemy of all: his dad in-law.
Rio 2 (2014) Full Movie Review:
Alternate angles were fine, considering this is a business vivified film. A word about music, which was great in RIO, comes frail and however are numerous melodies, not by any means one was important, as I cleared out the theater. So the music did not make any impression either.


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Apparently I got a message from a girl on a social network site similar to Facebook, saying "I don't think we know each other personally yet, but I hope you don't mind that I messaged you...:) I checked out your profile, and I think you are sympathetic! And so if you feel like it, join us! Next Friday (this week) we're going to --place-- with my girl friends to party!..." "I'm interested in you" and etc. there were two messages.
so yyyeah I got this message, and this Friday is really closing up, and I have NO IDEA how it will go. I'm actually sort of afraid of it, and wonder if I should go or if I shouldn't. I haven't gone out to party before, and I don't even know how to party! Seriously! And therefore I have no idea what to expect, and so I don't know how I could qualify for the expectations that come with it...
So... What am I supposed to do?
Most Helpful Guy
Be very very cautious about messages like this. It could be a set up of some kind. If I didn't get the invite from a person in person, then I wouldn't trust the situation.
It could be someone trying to hurt you in some way. I'm not trying to sound paranoid, but don't you think its weird how someone would randomly message you like that?00|00|0


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MAReviewed By Mr. A. Feb 16, 2014
Chase kept suspending my account for no reason and now don't want to transfer my money to my Chinese company account!!
I have been living in China for the past year and just opened my own company. About a few week ago, I wanted to link my Chase account with my Chinese company account and they suspended my account for no reason. I called them and after spending 1 hour on the phone they finally fixed it. A week later they suspended it again when I tried to transfer about $1500 just to test the system. I had to call them again till they fix it!! Now a few days ago I tried to transfer $21000 and they suspended it again!!! I called them spoke with many representatives and they said there was nothing they could do and that I had to go to a Chase branch or call my personal banker. I told them I don't have a personal banker and that it's not possible for me to go back to the US (It will be so expensive) and they said there was nothing they could do!! If they pay for my ticket I would gladly return but to suspend my account for absolutely no reason its so fucked up. Now they just want to give me problems and slow me down so they can earn interest on my money, cuz they knew very well I'll transfer them! STAY AWAY FROM THIS BANK AND THIEVES!!Thank you for your feedback Is this review helpful?


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Wish List (complete)View the complete list of ideas and suggestions. To vote for ideas or submit your own idea, please visit Wish List page.
Add a method to protect process from being killed
Add a way for the driver to track attempts to suspend or terminate (kill) some user-mode process(es) and block those attempts without the need to call back the user-mode process.
Add a function to kill other processes
Add a method, which will let one terminate or suspend processes, which are otherwise not accessible by the user-mode process.


text:
Koori History
In 1997 the Victorian Archaeological Survey investigation reported numerous midden and tool-making sites at Cape Otway.
Middens on Cape Otway reveal the varied diet of the Gadubanud. Most middens contain fragments of turban shells, abalone, periwinkle, elephant fish, chiton, beaked mussel and limpets. Eels and ducks were also eaten.
New Zealand spinach was a common vegetable and many tubers and berries were available. Bark canoes were used in the rivers, lakes, estuaries and along the coast. Early ship's logs reported Indigenous people sailing close to shore in this region. (Pascoe & Harwood 1997)
Today the Gundidjmara people are the traditional custodians of Gadubanud lands.
Local Gadubanud and other Indigenous people retain a strong connection to these places. Some historical records indicate the Gadubanud were considered to be 'wild' by the Kirrae Wurrung to the west and the Wathaurong to the north-east, although it is believed they had a connection with the Gulidjan to the north.
It is known that the Gadubanud traded spear wood for Mt William green stone when tribes from a wide area of Victoria met for traditional ceremonies at Mt Noorat, Mt Napier and Gariwerd. Many sites and spiritual links remain today.
Many Indigenous people were killed by early European explorers and settlers who were claiming and clearing land for pasture and infrastructure in the 19th century. Indigenous women were raped and a massacre took place at Blanket Bay near the Lightstation. (Pers. Comm., Harradine 2000)


text:
GoPro Hero2 Hero3 Camera Picatinny Gun Rail Mount M4 airsoft Mark II
CNC aluminium. This is a gun mount for the GoPro HD Hero camera. It will work on a gun with a Picatinny/Weaver rail. Can be used with airsoft, BB guns, paint ball and basically any gun that has a Picatinny/Weaver rail.
- Made of aircraft grade aluminum nylon-tipped set screw
Great for hunters, military, law enforcement, recreational shooters, and airsoft players. Get great first-person-shooter style shots or reverse the camera on yourself and watch yourself in action.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 1, 2009
|Filing date
|Sep 15, 2003
|Priority date
|Mar 17, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert T. Wickham, Vinay Deo, Shafqat U. Khan, Shantanu Sardesai, Adam D. Welker
|Original Assignee
|Microsoft Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (26), Non-Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (95), Classifications (6), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/455,197, filed Mar. 17, 2003, entitled "Software Updating System and Method", which is hereby incorporated by reference. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/385,391, filed Mar. 10, 2003 and still pending, entitled "Software Updating System and Method", which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The disclosure relates to installation of software updates.
A very large number of software applications, programs and files used by computers need periodic updates, which are frequently referred to a "patches". Many updates are of vital importance, such as those having to do with security or application functionality.
Installing and maintaining software within an enterprise network environment is a major cost to corporations and organizations. This is particularly the case where large numbers of networked computers are involved, each computer having a large number of programs and each program having a large number of possible revision levels. As the number of computers within a network increases, and the number of files, programs and associated versions of the files and programs on each computer also increases, it becomes progressively harder to maintain each computer in a condition that maximizes security and functionality.
Additionally, workstation down time is increasingly an issue, due in part to the time required to reboot computers after application of an update. The known process by which client computers are updated has created time consuming cycles during which updates are applied and the computer is rebooted. Accordingly, productive time is lost.
Moreover, the IT technician is not provided with any metrics describing important data related to the time that updates become available, the time such updates become approved, and the time taken to fix such hazards by installing an update. Consequently, the progress toward the goal of timely application of all updates is not well understood or aggressively pursued at present.
In one embodiment, software updates are applied to one or more client computers. The one or more client computers are assigned a level of service governing aspects of the application of the updates. The scheduling of the application of the software updates is done according to the level of service. The application of the software update is then performed according to the schedule.
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digits(s) of a reference number identifies the figure (Fig.) in which the reference number first appears. Moreover, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components.
A catalog synchronization module 114 allows the server 102 to obtain an update catalog 116 from an update authority 118. The update catalog 116 may be configured as an XML document, and includes information about the availability of software updates ("patches") and the version of the software to which they should be applied. Additionally, the update catalog 116 may include complex rules, typically in the form of Boolean logic, which prescribes the conditions under which individual software updates should be installed. In an over-simplified example, the rules may indicate that an update should be installed if the target application is greater than revision 2, but only if revision 4 of another program is present. The update authority 118 may be a trusted software source, such as Microsoft Corporation, wherein the trusted software source maintains information concerning software updates.
Therefore, the catalog synchronization module 114 is configured to communicate with the update authority 118, to maintain the resident copy of the update catalog 116 in current form. Additionally, the catalog synchronization module 114 is configured to check for a code (an "authenticode") to determine if the update catalog 116 is authentic, or has been corrupted, tampered with or otherwise rendered useless or harmful.
An exemplary software update approval tool 120 may be configured as a wizard to guide a user (such as an IT (information technology) technician) on the server 102 through the deployment of software updates on one or more client computers 104. In particular, the software update approval tool 120 is configured to allow the user to approve or reject application of software updates for installation on one or more client computers 104, wherein the updates were recommended by audit data 122 received from the client 104. Information disclosing the file configuration on the client—including file versions present and the present update level—is obtained from audit data 122 which was transferred from the client to the server via SMS, as will be seen in greater detail below.
In one embodiment of the software update approval tool 120, the approval process may involve presenting the user with a user interface 200, such as that seen in
Returning to
An exemplary client 104 is configured with an operating system 128 and XML parser 130. SMS client software 132 or similar asset inventory and software distribution software and WMI 134 (Windows� management instrumentation) software 134 or similar are also installed.
A copy of the update catalog 136, received from the server 102 via SMS, provides information regarding the relationship between files potentially present on the client and updates which may need to be installed on those files. A scan tool 138 is configured to call a scan engine 140. Where the scan engine 140 is a program, the scan tool 138 invokes the program. Where the scan engine has been advantageously configured as an API (application programming interface) the scan tool 138 calls the API.
The scan engine 140 is configured to read the update catalog 136, which is typically in the form of an XML document, using the XML parser 130. The scan engine 140 is then configured to query the operating system 128, to determine the exact revision level of programs and/or files present on the client 104. The scan engine 138 may base each query in part on the outcome of previous queries and on the rules—typically expressed as Boolean equations—within the update catalog 136. Accordingly, the scan engine 140 is configured to determine the file type and revision level of all relevant files on the client 104, and additionally to determine the updates that are applicable to the files found. When completed, this information becomes audit data 142.
The scan tool 138 is configured to save the audit data 142 into a queryable interface with the server 102. WMI 134 is such an interface, and a preferred scan tool 138 is configured to save the audit data 142 into WMI 134 and to provide an indication to the SMS client 132 that will cause the audit data 142 to be replicated to the server 102, where it may be aggregated with the audit data of other clients at 122.
A scan tool helper 144 may be configured separately or as part of the scan tool 138. The scan helper 144 manages the process of merging the results of the audit data 142 with service level data. Such service level data may be reflected in modifications to the Win32_PatchState schema or similar data structure. In an exemplary environment, modification to the Win32_PatchState schema may include the addition of fields including: string AuthorizedName (name of the update), datetime TimeDetected; datetime TimeApplied, and datetime TimeAuthorized. Field TimeDetected records the time at which an available update is discovered, thereby implying a time at which a potential security breach is detected. Field TimeAuthorized records the time at which the server 102 (i.e. the IT department administration) authorized the application of the update. Accordingly, the time required by the IT department to act can be derived by comparing the TimeDetected from the TimeAuthorized. Field TimeApplied records the time at which the update was applied, and is an overall measure of the responsiveness of the IT department, and is also a measure of the IT department's responsiveness in installing the update after authorizing the update. Using these modifications to the Win32_PatchState schema, the scan tool helper 144 is able to generate the above service level data associated with TimeDetected, TimeAuthorized and TimeApplied.
A software update installation agent 146 is configured to install the approved update(s) 150 sent by the server 102 via SMS or similar distribution application. In a preferred embodiment, the software update installation agent 146 is configured to call the scan engine 140. The scan engine 140 is configured to again evaluate the files on the client 104 with respect to the update catalog 136, which contains information on updates available, files needing updates, and rules for determining the which updates apply to which files. The output of this second scan—current audit data—of the client's files is put into the scan tool cache 152. The software update installation agent 146 is configured to use the scan tool cache 152 to prevent the installation of updates that are no longer warranted. The installation of updates may become unwarranted, such as in the circumstance where changes in the client computer's file system have occurred more recently then the transmission of the audit data 142 to the server 102. Examples of such a change include installing an updated version of a program, thereby replacing the earlier version which needed an update.
A preferred software installation agent 146 is configured to review the exit codes generated by the installation of the updates 150. A success code table 148 is configured to map a wide variety of initial exit codes into an output exit code that more correctly reflects the underlying meaning of the initial exit code. While zero is traditionally used to indicate a successful update install, and other numbers enumerate different potential errors, this is nomenclature is not always accurate. In some cases, non-zero exit codes indicate a satisfactory update installation due to situations unforeseen by the author of the update or the update installation technology. Such situations include factors related to the software configuration on a particular client. Accordingly, the success code table 148 is configured to map the exit codes generated by the installation of updates into exit codes which more accurately reflect the situation which caused generation of the exit code and provide consistency in success code or exit code meaning.
In particular, differences between exit codes that were generated by different install engine technology may exist. For example, Windows� Installer, Update.EXE and I-Express may not be in complete agreement on the precise meaning of a given exit code. Accordingly, the success code table 148 may be configured to map success codes in any desired manner, such as to map numerically different codes having the same meaning into a consistent numeral, thereby resulting in consistent success code interpretation. Subsequent to exit code consideration, those items resulting in immediate availability will be re-scanned to confirm their availability. Items which result in a computer reboot shall have their availability confirmed by re-scanning immediately following the reboot.
In some cases, identification of an update's association with a particular install engine technology provides sufficient information to map the success codes associated with the update. In other circumstances, the success code table 148 must be edited by an IT professional to reflect a special case associated with an particular update. Accordingly, the success code table 148 is editable, configurable and extensible, and can be modified to allow mapping of the success codes generated by any update's installation process into a consistent meaning.
At block 304, audit data 142 is generated on the client 104 based on queries made to the operating system 128 and based on information from the update catalog 136. The audit data 142 may be generated under the direction of a scan tool 138 by operation of a scan engine 140. The audit data 142 can include an inventory of files within the client computer's file system which need updates and an indication of the applicable update for each file.
At block 306, the audit data 142 may be aggregated with the audit data of other clients on the server 102 in an audit data library 122. The audit data is analyzed, such as by a software update approval tool 120, to determine if each update should be installed. The approved updates are then sent to the appropriate client by SMS or other means.
At block 308, the approved updates 150 are installed on the client 104. The installation process may be performed by a software update installation agent 146 or similar procedure. The scan tool cache 152 is consulted to prevent the installation of updates for which there is no longer a need. Changes in the need for an update could be related to the recent installation of a newer version of a program, for example. The client may be rebooted after installation of one or more updates. The decision to reboot may be governed by dynamic restart detection, as seen in greater detail in
At block 402, the server 102 periodically downloads an update catalog 116 from an update authority. The download may be managed by the catalog synchronization module 114 or similar structure, thereby maintaining the copy of the update catalog 116 in a current condition. The update catalog 116 is typically in the form of an XML document, and contains information about available updates, the files and file versions to which the updates apply, and rule governing such application. Due to the complexity of the rules, they may be expressed in the form of Boolean equations.
At block 404, in a typical download of the update catalog 116, the catalog synchronization module 114 checks available codes associated with the update catalog 116 as a conformation of the catalog's authenticity.
At block 406, the update catalog 116 is stored as an SMS package. SMS is told that the package includes changes, i.e. that the package is new. Accordingly, SMS replicates the update catalog 116 to all clients 104.
At block 502, the scan tool 138 calls the scan engine 140. In an exemplary configuration, the scan engine 140 is a program that must be called. However, the scan engine 140 may advantageously be configured as an API, thereby simplifying the operation of the scan tool 138.
At block 504, the scan engine 140 uses the update catalog 136, typically in XML form, to perform the audit of the software on the client 104. This audit, described more fully with reference to
At block 506, the scan tool 138 saves the audit results 142 received from the scan engine 140 into a queryable interface with the server 102. In a typical application, the queryable interface with the server is WMI 134 (Windows� management instrumentation). Accordingly, the scan tool 138 populates the audit results into a WMI repository 134 on the client 104. The audit results 142 are then uploaded by SMS to the server 102, typically for storage in a library 122 with the audit results of other clients.
At block 602, the scan engine 140 reads the update document 150, which typically contains an XML document describing files, updates and associated rules of application.
At block 604, the scan engine 140 queries the operating system 128 of the client 104 to determine the existence of files to which reference was made in the update document 150. At block 606, the rules contained within the update document are then applied, thereby determining the files to which an update applies and the identity of that update.
At block 608, the scan engine 140 assembles the identities of the files needing an update and the associated updates, and returns this information to the scan tool 138 as the audit data.
At block 702, a user interface is opened, thereby allowing an IT technician using the server 102 to view audit results for one or more client systems. At block 704, optionally, a vulnerability matrix 200 is generated and displayed. The vulnerability matrix 202 shows client file inventory, recommended updates and indicates if the update has been applied. At block 706, the user interface allows the IT technician to indicate the approved updates (patches). The approval process could be presented to the user in the form of a wizard, or other applicable format. The approval could be based in part on the vulnerability matrix 200 the technician viewed. At block 708, in some applications, the user interface is restricted to allow selection of updates only from an approved group of updates having passed testing on a test collection of computers. If application of the update to the test collection of computers was successful, then the updates are included among those from which the IT professional may select for installation on a given system. In some applications, the IT professional may be challenged by the user interface to state the name of a test collection of systems upon which the update was installed in the testing process, or other details which confirm that testing was performed.
At block 710, the approved updates 124 are obtained, perhaps from an update download center 126. At block 712, suppression of reboot may be indicated for some updates. At block 714, dynamic rebooting may be indicated for other updates.
At block 802, a user interface may be opened on the client 104 to announce to the user the opportunity to have updates installed at this time. At block 804, where a user interface has opened, a countdown timer causes appropriate default actions to be taken upon expiration of a timed period if no one is present at the client computer. The default action may be set by the corporate IT department, and may include "install" and "postpone". Where the default is "install," the installation of the updates proceeds after the timed period has expired. Where the default action is "postpone," the installation is delayed. At block 806, where a grace period has ended and the enforcement period has started, the "postpone" option is eliminated, and may appear to be a "grayed" option on the user interface. In this circumstance, the remaining default, "install," is invoked, and the installation of the updates proceeds. The identifying name of the corporate IT department is affixed to this user interface to ensure the employee is aware of whom the computer's maintenance has been entrusted.
At block 808, the appropriate scan tool 138, 140 is executed to refresh the scan tool cache 152. By refreshing the scan tool cache 152, it can be determined if the status of files on the client 104 has changed, thereby changing the need for one or more updates to be installed. The audit results of the scan tool cache 152 may be deposited into a queryable interface, such as WMI.
At block 810, the WMI class is queried, and the results (i.e. the updates and their associated target files) are intersected with the list of approved updates received from the server. Accordingly, where WMI indicates that there is no longer a need to install a given update, or where the server did not forward an update (perhaps due to approval rejection by the IT technician) one or more updates will not be installed.
At block 812, each update to be installed is checked to determine if an enforcement period has been reached. In some cases, the IT department operating the server 102 will provide a grace period, followed by an enforcement period. During the grace period, the update can be rejected by the client. During the enforcement period, the update cannot be rejected by the client.
At block 814, for each approved update that is enforced and still applicable (in view of the scan cache), the update is installed using the meta-data included in the XML file (the update document 150).
At block 816, following install, a status message is issued for each update, and a summary message reflecting the overall status of the evaluation/installation cycle is issued. In one embodiment, the status message will observe a SuccessCodes mapping table feature, wherein mapping of non-zero exit codes into success states is allowed. Success code mapping is discussed in greater detail in the discussion of
At block 820, the WMI class is updated to reflect newly installed updates, and the SMS inventory process is conditionally started. Additionally, service level data may be transmitted to the software update approval tool 120 or other location. For example, service level data may include information indicating the length of a time period between update availability and update installation.
At block 822, determination is made if a system restart is needed, and a check is made to ensure that the system is permitted to be restarted. Additional detail associated with system restarting is seen in the discussion of
At block 902, the IT department associates a grace period with an update, after which an enforcement period is scheduled. At block 904, the update installation process is started for an approved update having assigned grace and enforcement periods. At block 906, a computer for which an update is scheduled is found on a network—or returned to a network, such as in the case of a laptop computer)—thereby triggering the start of the grace period. At block 908, the user may elect to invoke the grace period to delay installation of the update. This action allows the user to continue working. At block 910, optionally, the user may permit installation of one or more updates, which may be followed by a reboot. At block 912, where the grace period ends prior to permitting the installation of one or more updates, the enforcement period begins. The enforcement period forces the user to accept the installation of the update. At block 914, the update(s) is/are installed, possibly followed by a reboot.
At block 1012, where suppression of the reboot was indicated, the reboot is delayed until an appropriate time. Where suppression is indicated, if is frequently advisable to time the application of the updates a short time before a scheduled reboot. This is particularly true where the install is being performed on a server, which may have a rigorous schedule governing system rebooting which is intended to maximize uptime.
At block 1102, following installation of an update, a success code table is consulted, and the success code resulting from the update installation is checked.
At block 1104, where the update installation was part of a testing procedure, the IT technician may edit the success code table 148. At block 1106, the success code table 148 may be organized by groups, where the updates in each group have success codes with similar meaning. For example, each groups of updates may be configured for installation by similar update installation engine technology. At block 1108, the IT technician may further edit the success code table to accommodate the installation of updates resulting in codes which are exceptions to general rules.
At block 1110, where the installation of the update was not associated with a testing procedure, location of the success code resulting from the installation within the success code table 148 allows mapping of the success code. Accordingly, the result of the mapping provides information that is consistent with expectations.
At block 1202, a notification icon is presented to the user at all times for the purpose of allowing the user to gain information about, and control over, the timing and nature of updates to be performed to the user's computer. The icon can be configured to appear similar to a speaker icon, typically found in the lower right of current Windows� operating systems. At block 1204, in an exemplary user interface, right clicking the icon provides the user with an interface 1300 providing a choice of "Display Reminder" and "Install Software Updates" as seen in
At block 1208, where the user selected the "Install Software Updates" button of
At block 1210, a reminder interface, such as that seen in
At block 1212, the updates and reboot is performed at according to the user's elected schedule, or automatically, at the end of the grace period. At block 1214, in some instances, a reboot may not be performed. This may result because a document file (e.g. a word processing file) has been left open and unsaved. Alternatively, a reboot may not be performed where the user elected to postpone the reboot in response to an opportunity presented by a user interface. Where no reboot was performed, a repetitive user interface may be used to annoy the user until a reboot is performed. For example,
At block 1702, each server within a group of servers to be updated is associated into a subgroup. The subgroups are sized and configured to include servers in a manner which allows the simultaneous updating of servers in each subgroup without disrupting the work flow of the entire group. The time (e.g. 2 am of the first Sunday of each month) when each subgroup may receive updates is assigned.
At block 1704, an anticipated elapsed time required for application of each update to be performed is calculated or measured. Where possible, the anticipated time may be adjusted according to expectations for each server, e.g. longer failsafe timeout period for slower servers. Using the anticipated time for application of each update, failsafe timeout periods are set for each update. For example, where an update is measured to take 5 minutes to install on a test machine, the failsafe timeout period may be set for 10 minutes. Accordingly, where the installation of that update reaches or exceeds 10 minutes, it will be assumed that the installation has failed, and the installation will be terminated with the appropriate success code. As a result, excessive time is not spent on the installation of any update.
At block 1706, the specific time period (i.e. the "change window") during which each subgroup of servers may be taken down for update installation in a given time period may be determined. In an exemplary application, each subgroup may be allocated a specific one-hour time slot of down time each month during which updates may be performed.
At block 1708, during the change window, i.e. the exact period of time having a specific starting and finishing time scheduled for updates, as many updates as possible are applied to the systems within the subgroup. During application of each update, the failsafe time is monitored, and where the failsafe time is exceeded, installation of the update is suspended and an appropriate success code is returned.
At block 1710, when time remaining within the change window is less than the time required for application of any remaining update and for rebooting, the installation of updates is suspended. The time required for application of each update may be based on the failsafe time. Accordingly, the system will be returned to service without exceeding the parameters of the change window.
At block 1712, any updates which failed to install during the change window (because, for example, the change window did not provide enough time to perform their install) are identified for potential installation in the next change window.
At block 1714, the server is rebooted and brought back on line.
At block 1802, a large number of updates are grouped into a single package. The package may be configured as an SMS package, and the aggregated updates may be considered to be a unit of content.
At block 1804, the package is configured with content obtained from a minimal number of trusted update authorities. In a preferred example, the content is received from a single update authority. By minimizing the number of content providers, the cost of authenticating each provider and each update provided is minimized.
At block 1806, the package is configured to support differential enforcement as applied to different client computers. In one example, an XML document which is included with the updates within the package may provide different rules of enforcement for different client computers. The XML document may recite rules using Boolean operators or other means which result in application of the correct update(s) to each client. Accordingly, clients requiring updates within 24 hours may be treated differently than clients requiring updates within 30 days.
At block 1808, in one example, the package is configured for SMS consumption. Accordingly, at block 1810, SMS distributes the package to a plurality of clients, where the clients are associated with multiple service levels. For example, a more exacting service level may require a greater number of updates which are applied more rapidly after detection; a lower service level may require fewer updates and may provide additional time before they must be applied.
At block 1812, the updates within the package are applied to different client computers in a different manner, according to their service level, the time and duration of their change window, and other factors.
At block 1902, a partition is formed in a package, wherein the package typically contains a large number of updates. At block 1904, an exemplary partition separates trusted updates from un-trusted updates. An update may be un-trusted, for example, due to lack of testing. Referring briefly to
At block 1908, an initial level of trust attributed to each update within the package is based on the performance of that update within a test environment. Following success of an un-trusted update in an appropriate number of systems over an appropriate period of time, the un-trusted update becomes a trusted update. At block 1910, un-trusted updates are merged with trusted updates after approval within the test environment. The merging of an un-trusted update with the trusted updates may be accomplished by editing the XML file which partitions the package.
At block 2102, a file, such as a XML file, is opened to record information including updates approved for a reference computer. A reference computer is a computer having a disk with an image that is considered to be a standard within an organization, i.e. the disk contains a standard software configuration utilized by a corporation or other entity. The use of a reference computer simplifies management of systems within an organization by reducing the number of approved configurations allowed. For example, in the event of a problem, the disk may be reformatted with the standard image and the system restarted. At block 2104, in a template mode, a template-making module scans a reference system and generates an authorization list. The authorization list includes all of the updates applied to the standard image on the reference system. At block 2106, the authorization list is incorporated into the template, which is written to the XML file. At block 2108, the template can be consumed and deployed as a mirror of the desired state. At block 2110, the deployed template is used to reduce the time elapsed from update detection to update deployment. Since the template identifies a subset of the updates needed from a large file such as update package 2000 in
Although the disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological steps, it is to be understood that the appended claims are not limited to the specific features or steps described. Rather, the specific features and steps are exemplary forms of implementing this disclosure. For example, actions described in blocks of the flow diagrams may be performed in parallel with actions described in other blocks, the actions may occur in an alternate order, or may be distributed in a manner which associates actions with more than one other block. Moreover, the elements of the methods disclosed may be performed by any desired means, such as by the execution of processor-readable instructions defined on a processor-readable media, such as a disk, a ROM or other memory device, or by operation of an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) or other hardware device.
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|U.S. Classification
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|Sep 15, 2003
Owner name: MICROSOFT CORPORATION, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WICKHAM, ROBERT T.;DEO, VINAY;KHAN, SHAFQAT U.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014517/0948;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030910 TO 20030911
|Oct 4, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 9, 2014
Owner name: MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING, LLC, WASHINGTON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MICROSOFT CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:034541/0477
Effective date: 20141014
|Feb 16, 2017
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Operation Raging Justice was a Solarian naval operation in the Solarian-Manticoran War.
Launched after the Battle of Spindle, its objective was an attack on the Manticore System.
The main force of the operation consisted of 427 ships-of-the-wall of the Solarian League Navy Battle Fleet's Eleventh Fleet under the command of Fleet Admiral Massimo Filareta. The operation culminated in the Second Battle of Manticore, in which Eleventh Fleet was defeated and destroyed and Filareta killed. (HH13)


text:
Skinny & Co.
Raw Coconut Oil Personal Care
Pure Pampering
It's Made in the USA from coconuts harvested by hand in Vietnam. They cold press the oil to keep it raw, because heat can destroy its natural benefits. This method takes more time and uses more coconuts, too. The result is worth it, though—completely pure, nutrient-rich coconut oil.
After all of that hard work, Founders Matt and Luke Geddie aren't about to mess the raw oil up. So they avoid adding chemicals, fillers, and preservatives. In fact, everything they make has five all-natural ingredients or fewer, like shea butter and vitamin E, to compliment the coconut oil.
Use it to boost moisture in skin and hair, as cooking oil, or in oil pulling to help whiten your teeth and cleanse your mouth. Whichever way you use this amazing multi-tasker, raw is definitely the way to go. Read More Read Less
Shop Skinny & Co. Products
Grommet Launch Conversation
Hi Grommet Friends! I'm Kaylyn Easton, CMO of Skinny & Co. We know you'll love our 100% raw, alkaline coconut oil along with our entire chemical-free beauty line made with five or fewer ingredients. I'll be here all day to answer your questions and talk with you about the Skinny difference.
Hi Kaylyn, what are the benefits of a raw coconut oil?
@Tela Thanks so much for asking! There are lots of benefits to our raw, alkaline coconut oil. As a consumable food, the alkalinity helps to balance your body's pH and acidity that we experience on a daily basis from environmental toxins and food. Our oil also has higher levels of medium chain fatty acids that allow your body to absorb the nutrients easier. Some of the benefits shown are increased metabolism, weight loss, brain function, blood sugar maintenance, higher levels of energy, better digestion, and adding healthy fats into the diet. On a skincare level, the coconut oil is able to fully penetrate all three layers of your skin making it great for hydration and nourishment. Try it as a hair mask as well! You can also trust that our coconut oil is truly chemical-free and safe for every member of the family including babies and pets.
Hi Kaylyn,
I am curious (and maybe I missed it) about putting the coconut oil in your mouth. Can you explain that?
@Kathy Hi Kathy! I'd love to tell you about Oil Pulling. Oil Pulling is an ancient Ayurvedic method of swishing oil in the mouth to remove toxins. In modern times we know it has oral health benefits like naturally whitening the teeth, removing plaque and buildup, freshening the breath (totally removes bad tastes like garlic and onion), and moisturizing the gums. Because our oil is alkaline and NOT acidic, it will not damage your enamel or dental work like other oils will. We add therapeutic-grade peppermint oil to our Oil Pulling to give it a minty fresh taste. Here's how to do it: place a spoonful of our Oil Pulling in your mouth and allow it to melt, swish around like mouthwash for 5-20 minutes (I put on makeup, fold clothes, clean, and shower while I swish), then spit out and brush like normal. Since our oil is free of all chemicals, fillers, binding agents, and solvents the experience will be smooth and refreshing. Side note: my step-dad is a dentist and uses our Oil Pulling everyday :-)
Hi kaylyn, I'm a big fan of oil pulling with raw coconut oil. I use the one they sell at the grocery store. Yours contains essential oils in it, I'm curious why. Does it add any benefits?
@Marie-Eve Hello Marie-Eve! We add the peppermint essential oil to make the taste more refreshing and minty. We find that it's much more enjoyable to swish oil in our mouths for 20 minutes with the peppermint taste. Also adds to the fresh breath benefit. Remember to make sure your oil pulling is alkaline to ensure it is safe for tooth enamel and dental work.
@Kaylyn Can you pleasee explain what you mean by "Remember to make sure your oil pulling is alkaline to ensure it is safe for tooth enamel and dental work." What needs to be alkaline - the water, coconut oil, mouth, combination? And how do we know if it's alkaline?
@Martha Great question! You want to make sure the oil is alkaline so it isn't damaging the teeth as you swish. Unfortunately most all other coconut oils on the market are acidic due to their creation process. Our patent-pending Nutralock System ensures an alkaline oil. I haven't personally come across another coconut oil that is truly alkaline. For Oil Pulling, an oil that is acidic will slowly eat away at your enamel. In general, there is lots of information online about the benefits of pH balanced health and alkalinity.
I have used these products for the last six months. The oil is great on toast, as a face and body moisturizer, lip moisturizer, and hair product; it's the most versatile product I have ever purchased. I have had problems with canker sores or "mouth sores" with as many as 8 on my gums and/or tongue at one time. They are painful and nothing I have tried has prevented then or speeded the healing process....until Skinny & Co. Within two days of using the pulling oil, the sores were gone. I haven't seen it advertised for canker sores, but it pulls impurities so I thought I would experiment. Thanks for a wonderful product!
@Martha Hi Martha! Thank you so much for sharing your story and experience with Skinny products. I am thrilled they have been so helpful, especially with the canker sores. It's amazing what top-quality, pure products can do for the body! Thanks for being a great customer and supporting Skinny & Co.
About how many 'doses' of the oil are in an 8.5 oz bottle of the Pulling Oil?
@Yvonne Hello! It depends on how big of a spoonful you like to use. I normally do about a teaspoon for 20 minutes and there are 51 tsp. in 8.5 ounces. If you like a bigger scoop, then it will go faster.
Are there smaller sizes available? I would love to try your products, particularly the pulling oil, but they seem expensive if it turns out I don't like it or benefit from it.
@Judy Hi Judy! We do have alternate sizes available. Feel free to contact The Grommet about making them available on their site. Thanks for reaching out!
Will you be offering all of your products for individual sale at some point? Before I go in spending a lot of money on I product I'm unfamiliar with, it would be nice to purchase, say, the whipped body or lip balm or soap alone.
@Barbara Hi Barbara! We do sell our products individually and in multiple sizes. Feel free to contact The Grommet about making the individual products available on their site.
Can I eat this. I would like to put it in my milk shakes?
@Donna Yes! Our base coconut oil is fabulous for eating. We recommend 1-3tbsp per day. It is great for milkshakes, smoothies and even coffee & tea. It has wonderful benefits when you consume it, such as boosting of metabolism and immune system.
Thank you!
I noticed that there is palm oil in the body care products. While I am tempted to use these products, I understand that harvesting palm trees for the oil is destroying the orangutan's natural habitat. Can you please comment on the sourcing of the palm oil in your products? Also, are the essential oils processed or diluted to include synthetic chemicals? Thank you for your time!
@Kathy Great question, we source our palm oil sustainably from Vietnam. We ensure no adorable orangutans or the jungle is harmed in any capacity. Everything we do is sustainable, our goal is to leave our wonderful planet better than we found it.
Our essential oils are 100% pure therapeutic grade. No dilution or chemical processed. All are steam distilled.
Everything we do is 5 or less ingredients and direct from the source :).
The launch day conversation has ended. Please direct further questions about this Grommet to our Community Experience Team.