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What I have to tell you could very well change your life. Was that too dramatic? Sorry about that. Anyway, you're probably here because you want advice on how to ask your dream girl out. Well, I believe I have some tips that can help you out. Now I'm no Erik von Markovik, but maybe I can give you a few creative ideas. As they say, there are plenty of fish in the sea. In this case, for all intents and purposes, Facebook is our sea.
That's right, Facebook. We're on it every day anyway. Social networking has changed the way we do everything 10 Specialized Social Networks For You To Join 10 Specialized Social Networks For You To Join The way we communicate has changed and social networks are now the center of our daily lives. Read More , so why wouldn't it change how we pursue the opposite sex? Why not do things where we're most comfortable?
Let's face it; if you are reading this there is a decent chance you are a geek. Now that isn't a bad thing by any means, but what it also signifies is that if you are a guy geek, then statistically you are probably not so smooth with the ladies (stereotypically). That's okay, because geeky men are good at analytical thinking, in fact, so much so that we have broken down the art of "˜picking up women' into an exact science"¦but that's another matter entirely.
In this article, I'm going to offer up a few creative ideas for how to ask a girl out on Facebook, along with some general rules of thumb and occasionally a few satirical remarks (bare with me). I am going to do this very carefully as I do not want to be known as the "stalkerbook guy".
How to Ask a Girl Out on Facebook – Introducing Yourself
Let's start simple""introductions. You ask, "How should I introduce myself to this girl?" and like most good advice, the answer is, "That depends." Depending on whether or not you already know the person there are different ways to approach this.
If you are already "˜Facebook friends' with this person then you are off to a good start. We'll come back to you.
If you are not Facebook friends with this person, then do you at least have any mutual friends? Or is it just somebody you've never met but are attracted to?
In either case the first step is for you to "˜friend' them. 99% of the time people will accept your friend request. If they don't, there is probably an underlying reason why they didn't and maybe you should just move on.
Once accepted, there is a small chance you will get a message asking something along the lines of "I don't mean to be rude, but do I know you?" This is okay, just be honest.
If you have mutual friends just explain to her that you know [insert name(s)] and wanted to get to know her as well. If there are no mutual friends just tell her that you saw her picture, liked what you saw, and that you thought she would be a nice person to get to know.
Breaking the Ice
Whether or not you followed the above advice and "friended" her, the next step is to strike up a conversation. You want to get to know the girl at least a little bit before asking her out. Remember, we're on Facebook. You are more of a stranger than if you were doing this in person. Here's where we start to get creative.
Using Facebook chat, send the girl an "accidental" message. Sure, you could just say "Hi", but where's the fun in that? Besides, you risk looking like a stalker if you do it that way. She will be wondering why a person she doesn't know wants to talk to her. You'll have no chance.
Anyway, to make it look authentic just type a random character like "L" or "o". Then, after a second or two, type "oops, sorry about that." She will respond with something along the lines of "that's okay". Congratulations boys, you're in.
Feel free to be creative here. I would follow up with a question: "Do I know you?" or "How are you?" Ask anything, just get her to answer. If you followed step one you should already be past this point.
Note: As you gals reading this may know (I realize there are a few of you), men are generally maniacal (pun intended). This means that while sometimes we come off as genuinely accidental, we are devious enough to have devised clever ways to talk to you. It's the way we are, sorry.
Keep the Conversation Going
After getting past the awkward "˜who are you' phase, start talking to her about her hobbies, interests, work status, relationship status, etc. Can't think of anything else to talk about? Aw, if only you were on Facebook. Oh yeah, you are on Facebook. Study up!
On the Info page of her profile, you'll find her activities, interests, favorite music, TV shows, books, movies, where she's from, what groups shes's in, etc.""tons of chances for you to have something in common or that you can talk about.
There is no reason you can't use the information in her profile to keep the conversation going. After all, she scoped out your profile the second you started talking to her.
Note: Girls, grab control of your Facebook privacy! If you make it so your personal information can only be viewed by your Facebook friends, you can control who sees your information by whose friend requests you approve. Mahendra has 8 steps for you to follow here 8 Steps To Regain Control Of Your Facebook Privacy 8 Steps To Regain Control Of Your Facebook Privacy Read More , and 8 MORE steps here 8 MORE Steps To Regain Control Of Your Facebook Privacy 8 MORE Steps To Regain Control Of Your Facebook Privacy Read More .
Rinse & Repeat
If she's really cool and you end up having a long conversation with her, feel free to ask her out. Say, "Hey we should meet up some time" or "What are you doing this weekend? Wanna hang out?"
If she says "No" (she won't, an excuse is more likely) don't sound too dejected. Just follow up with "No problem! Maybe another time."
If you aren't "feeling it" don't worry. Just tell her you'll talk to her later and make an attempt to talk to her again some time. Really try to get to know her before you ask a girl out.
Allow Me to Explain
Upon reading this article, you may have thought to yourself, "Where's the romance 7 Great Sites To Get Free Romance eBooks For The Hopeless Romantic 7 Great Sites To Get Free Romance eBooks For The Hopeless Romantic Read More ?" Truth be told, that doesn't work all that well in this situation. Sure, I could have suggested you send her an electronic Facebook gift or leave nice comments on her Wall (feel free to try), but let's get practical here.
Those types of actions are best suited for those who are already dating. Doing romantic things for someone you barely know, in my opinion, makes you look weak and it opens the door for rejection (unless she thinks you're cute, in which case you're fine).
All girls love a good Cinderella story guys, but they also know a fairy tale when they see one. It's best to just talk to her and build some chemistry. The goal here is a high conversion rate, right?
I hope you'll appreciate how difficult an article like this was to write. Although social networking is being widely accepted and growing rapidly, there are few rules (except the obvious ones) of how we should engage one another in these spaces. Follow your instincts and use all the Facebook tools at your disposal. Good luck!
Leave your thoughts, ideas, and comments below, and please be gentle. Like I said before, I'm no expert.
Leave a Reply
I am going to try your tips.
Yes is true but also u have to have the ability to keep a conversation going .like if a girl reply with k reply with j if she ask wat u mean tell her u taught u guys where reciting alphabets
So I've been thinking of trying to hit on this girl facebook offers me to add for quite a while. We have about 30 mutual friends and she looks really good and likes pretty much the same stuff as me...
If I add her should I start the convo with pointing out my intentions (something like "hey I saw your profile and you seem cool wanna hang out" not those exact words but in that style) or go "casual"? And if casual at what point should I turn it into official hitting?
Thanks in advance.
Come on u have to tease her and make fun of her like if she post a pic
While others er saying pretty say u er too sexxxxxxy for my liking I can't date some 1 like u.u will see her reply.is not about wat u say is he u say or write it
There is this girl that I went to school with, and we are next door neighbors, but we never talk. How, or even should I, go about asking her out?
"Hey i noticed you go to my school and we should meet up sometime wadya say :)"
I know a girl from my old school, she was in a relationship when I finished, so I never got to ask her out, I don't have her number, but we're friends on Facebook, how do I ask her out?
Just tell her what you wrote here, tell her that you have been longing to ask her out since ______, but as she had someone in her life, you thought it would be rude and a waste. But after all this time since shez still in your mind, considering the fact that life is basically too short to miss out on chances and not to express affection and liking towards someone special we met and found fascinating, you have decided to officially ask her out.
Be passionate and bold about it, without being cheap and creepy. Take a chance.
Best of luck.
How do you approach a girl you already know, but that you havent talked to in a while. How do you start a conversation/break the ice.
Great Post
My favorite line on facebook has always been: "Hey, can I have your number so I can call you and ask you on a date?"
That'll never work, I read a thing (I admit I've never tried it, I READ it, I don't know how well it works, write something like, I'm *write name here* call me *write phone number here*. Inconspicious, innocent and gives little chance of rejecting, act it out well, they may not even realise you are acting. How to give it to her? walk up to her and say, "Here, I think you dropped this." then leave, don't look out for reaction, just leave and hope she may text you.
What does it mean, if say, you do add a girl you don't know (but have mutual friends, interests, etc.) and she accepts your request. Then you start to notice that she's "Like"ing your photos and status updates. I know this wouldn't mean much when actual friends "Like" everything on your Facebook. Does it mean she's somewhat interested even though she only knows what's on my page?
I have a question. I was at a bar the other night and these cute girls say next to me. After a while, we started to shoot the s*it with each other. Come to find out, the one girl is related to a friend of mine that I work with. She was sitting two stools down from me while her girlfriend was in between us. We had good convo's and everything was good. I noticed that her friend and i had some good connection/chemistry from my point of view. They got done their last drink and said they have to get going. As I was shaking her hand, the one sitting next to me, I was going to ask for her number, but I didn't bc I didn't want my friends relative to be offended or fact of rushing it too soon. I figured maybe I'll seeng them again. Now was I ok in doing that as far my thoughts and instincts are concerned? Or would it be ok to ask Teresa, my buddy's cousin, about her friend Leah on Facebook? I didn't want to do anything bc I didn't want to ruin my chances. Any help would be great. Good job on the written article as well.
Kev, that's clearly a good sign. Don't think to much into it but if you're attracted to her I would take her interest in you as legit. It's time for you to make a move.
What if you know the girl from school or clubs and you are good friends, but know you are out of her league, what do you do then?
They say friendzone is a bad thing, knowing a few thing can make an excellent first date. If you know she's one of those girls that'll embarrass you with it, don't bother, I'm sorry but don't but if she's like this girl I like, the one that is nice, quiet, sincere kind and never sarcastic type will appreciate you admitting your feelings for her, they are often big hearted and will probably give you a chance. Oh, and they often are shy, go somewhere quiet or where nobody will hear you talking. Remember: The sarcastic, extremely outgoing types tend to be narcissistic, even if they act kind (often sarcastic kindness), they'll embarrass you for sure. Watch for the outgoing ones that aren't sarcastic kind types are the hardest to spot out that "important to know" flaw, and believe me, you'll want to know that flaw. Hope it helps, good luck!
i know a girl that when i saw her for the first time she told me to add her on facebook so i did. but every time i talk to her on facebook chat she doesn't answer, and i really like her but im not sure that she likes me. even if she talked to me on facebook or msn i wouldn't know what to say. so plz help
Knowing what to say in a given situation is difficult. You can always see if you share a mutual friend who trusts you that you can have vouch for you. Telling the truth never hurts either. Just be genuine and ask her out for coffee or lunch or something. Doesn't just have to be the two of you, either.
hahah as I was reading this article I followed the rules with a girl I had a crush on a while ago, but we havent talked in 3 years. This strategy worked like a charm, we talked for a long time and setup a phone date this weekend. Thanks!
Haha Wow I'm glad to hear that Jim. I guess I know what I'm talking about a little bit.
How to troll on facebook
You're right. I didn't mean to come off like it was a job interview or anything (Wouldn't want to start an awkward convo). Just throwing out some possible topics to chat about.
As the conversation goes on longer and longer people tend to go silent because they've run out of ideas for things to talk about :).
"start talking to her about her hobbies, interests, work status, relationship status, etc."
Sir..this is a conversation with a girl, not a job interview. You should'nt start a conversation with that material.
Whoa whoa whoa whoa....being a girl, this is sort of stupid. I don't know who you're asking out, but I wonder where their brains are.
Accepting a friend request from someone you don't know is dumb. I do have a lot of friends that I don't know on Facebook, but only because I play some games and needed people to boost my strength in the games. Every one of those is on a special privacy setting that I've set up to ensure they don't have any access to my information (they can't even see the stuff I like on my profile) and can't see me online. And I still don't add people unless they specify why they're adding me (they mention what game it's for).
While some messaging systems allow for "accidental" messages, Facebook is not one of them. Anyone with any sense will be able to realize you can't "accidentally" open the chat box, click on the person's name to open a new chat window, hit a random key, and hit enter.
It's also INCREDIBLY unsafe for anyone to meet up with some guy they only know because they're friends on Facebook. How do you know they are who they say they are? Yeah, it could be a 24 year old guy - it could also be a 40 year old rapist.
Use Facebook to friend someone you vaguely know and are interested in. Read her profile and chat with her legitimately. If she knows who you are and she has any interest in you, she'll be all too happy to chat with you, and if things go well, you might even be able to get a date. Don't use it to look up random strangers that look good.
Kate, as a father of three daughters you need to have a lot of common sense to get face to face with a stranger.
This is good, very good :)
Thanks for writing
I agree with you Kate. Purposely looking up people you don't know is pretty sketchy and not what I was trying to support in this article.
Because of how people generally use Facebook (if they're using it properly), it is very likely that you are either an acquaintance of the person you want to ask out or you have mutual friends with them.
This makes it easier for them to accept your friend request or at least ask how you know them, offering you a chance to talk to them and explain your intent.
As far as the accidental messaging goes, it works lol. Sure if you sit back and think about it you realize how dumb it is but when you're in the moment and somebody is apologizing to you your first reaction is going to be to say "don't worry about it" or "it's okay". (Girls who read this article will know better though :))
Anyway I appreciate your honesty and thanks for reading the article and contributing to the post. I love a bit of criticism as this article seems to be pretty controversial.
"99% of the time people will accept your friend request."
Really? I reject 99% of friend request if I don't know the person. Hell, I reject about 25% of the requests from people I know!
Well, Mojo Yugen (nice picture by the way), it appears as though you are a bit of an outlier. That is to say, not in the majority.
If you want to keep your Facebook page exclusive to your close friends that's entirely up to you, but in my experience people generally accept my invitations.
Besides, you can always boot them later. ;)
XD Reading over this, I'm not sure if it's cute or creepy. I'm going to go with cute. Especially because I have done the "accidental typing" thing in the past. Also the "type something that won't make much sense and is clearly not meant for them, then say oops wrong person" thing. Because I have social skillz.
I'm just wondering - why is this article called "4 Effective Tips To Ask a Girl Out On Facebook" instead of "4 Effective Tips To Ask Someone Out On Facebook?" Will the tips work in case you want to ask out a man? Is there any actual difference?
Men aren't that complex. There is one effective tip to asking out a guy on Facebook (even if you don't know him):
1. Ask him
Thats it. :)
There's no strategy for men, just ask. Thing is I always say no, it's my first reaction and I want to get pressure off my mind quick, it's the shy personality, if a guy rejects, try again later, but make sure he's "that guy", the one like me.
Protip: If you're going to ask a girl out, do it in person. Talking to her in general via Facebook, fine, but, nothing replaces a face-to-face conversation...
1. Find a girl that you are attracted to in her photo
2. Add her as a friend and hope she accepts
3. Pretend to type to someone else, but purposely send it to here
4. Talk and hope you hit it off
For me, I meet see a girl I like at school or uni, find out what her name is, add her as a friend on Facebook and MSN and then talk to her. Even if we are in the same room as each other, I don't talk to her, maybe because I am scared?
Once I was talking to a girl I like on MSN, and was logging in to hotmail, when I accidently typed my password into the chat log instead of the Hotmail. If she hated me, she could have done a lot - but she didn't care.
What if u go to school with the girl shes always been in your grade but u haven't talked to her in person or online does this still apply ?
@Steven Campbell : that's a nice try.
enjoy :)
and this is related to "tech", how?
I am assuming "social network" tweeking ??
falls under "internet tips". thanks for reading! :)


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Honestly, what do you guys think? I'll start off with Creddie:
Honestly, I think the humor would be cheesy. I don't know, but I didn't laugh at all in iSYL, except with the assassin game and Gibby's lines. Another thing is, I really do think that they would just kiss the whole episode, and they would kiss in front of Sam. Sam didn't seem to mind as MUCH in iSYL, but that was because they dated for a short period of time. She knew it wouldn't last. But, if she saw they were serious about dating, that's when she would be more distant and quiet, and less energetic than her usual self. Okay, so far, I've just been bashing Creddie, so I'll stop. A positive thing would probably be...people would get used to them dating? Oh, that failed. Okay, movin' on!
Okay, let's talk about Seddie. First off, Carly really wouldn't care. She can get any guy, and she hasn't shown that she is attracted to Freddie in my opinion. So, I don't see why she would mind. Again, the humor would still be there. I mean, it's Seddie!!! Humor's everywhere! They wouldn't kiss constantly, partly because Sam wouldn't want to all the time. And we all know that it seems as if Dan's running out of ideas for iCarly. Well, with Seddie, there would be tons of ideas. Do not deny the power of Seddie!!! A negative thing... um...well, here's one. In Victorious, Bade always makes me sick. They constantly make out, and Jade's obsessed with Beck. I don't want that to happen to Seddie, so if it did, that would be a major problem. That's all I got.
Okay, go!!!

subset: commoncrawl


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Boulder, Colorado
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Center of the Indian Ocean north of Antarctica. However, referencing the very specific 6-digit number received for longitude-- It came up on the Google search as "The Exact Orbital Period of Andromeda."
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Messier Object
HGS Session References
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|Publication number
|Publication type
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|Aug 10, 2010
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|May 17, 2005
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This invention relates to colour active matrix display devices, and in particular relates the manufacture of such devices using plastic substrates.
The most common form of active matrix display is an active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD). AMLCD devices are usually made on large glass substrates that are 0.7 mm thick. Two plates are needed for a cell, so that completed displays are just over 1.4 mm thick. Mobile phone manufacturers, and some laptop computer manufacturers, require thinner and lighter displays, and completed cells can be thinned in an HF (hydrofluoric acid) solution, typically to about 0.8 mm thick. Mobile phone manufacturers ideally want the displays to be even thinner, but it has been found that cells below 0.8 mm thick made by this method are too fragile.
The HF thinning is not attractive because it is a wasteful process that uses hazardous chemicals that are difficult to dispose of safely and economically. There is also some yield loss during the etching process due to pitting of the glass.
The attractiveness of light, rugged and thin plastic AMLCDs as an alternative has long been recognised. Recently, interest in plastic displays has increased even further, partly due to the increased use of colour AMLCDs in mobile phones and PDAs. There has been much research recently into AMLCDs and organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays on plastic substrates. Despite this interest, there is still a need for a plausible manufacturing route for mass production of plastic displays.
Three main different ways have been reported for the manufacture of thin film transistors (TFTs) or displays on plastic substrates. These are making devices directly onto freestanding plastic substrates, transfer processes and sacrificial etching. Some examples of these techniques and the difficulties associated with them are discussed below.
(i) Making AMLCDs Directly onto Plastic Substrates
This was the first approach to the fabrication of AMLCDs on plastic, and typically used low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) TFTs or amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFTs. There are many problems with this approach and it has not yet reached the manufacturing stage.
The processing temperature for TFT fabrication and cell making must be limited because plastic substrates shrink when they are heated, which makes photolithography alignment and plate coupling difficult. Preheating the substrate for many hours reduces the amount of shrinkage during processing, but does not totally eliminate it. Reduced process temperatures cause problems with the TFTs (less electrically stable a-Si TFTs, poor quality gate dielectric SiO2 for LTPS TFTs).
Although several different attempts have been made by different parties for manufacturing displays on freestanding plastic substrates, the problem of substrate handling in automated factories has also not been resolved. It is impossible to use standard AMLCD factories, which rely on the mechanical strength of the glass substrates for handling, transport in cassettes and photoresist spinning. A completely new set of machines would need to be developed for every process step. It would also need a coordinated approach from many different machine manufacturers and if any one type of equipment manufacturer was not involved, or if they did not successfully develop a module, then all the work on other machines would be wasted.
Several groups have proposed roll-to-roll manufacturing, but this still has severe problems for use in vacuum equipment and for aligning layers. New printing techniques would need to be developed, and whether this could really be done for high yield processes and fine alignment is unsure.
Most freestanding plastic films have poor surface quality, in particular they tend not to be smooth and have lots of cracks on their surface. Glass substrates are mechanically hard, so that they are not scratched by gentle contacts, and they can be carried in cassettes. In these cassettes, only the edges of the glass touch the cassette, so that most of the area of the glass is never touched. In comparison, plastic substrates are soft and they are not rigid enough to be carried in cassettes. This means that they must be packed flat in contact with other layers, or they must be wound onto a roll, in which case both top and bottom surfaces will be in contact with other layers while under mechanical stress. These processes tend to damage the soft surface of the plastic. In standard AMLCD manufacturing, great care is taken to have as near perfect glass surfaces as possible, so scratched rough plastic surfaces are unlikely to be a realistic option for high yield mass production. Surfaces can be planarised and given additional protective coatings, but this adds process steps and hence cost.
(ii) Plastic Displays by Transfer Processes
A known example of this process is the so-called SUFTLA process developed by Seiko Epson Corporation. This is a double transfer process. First, Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon (LTPS) TFT arrays are made on amorphous silicon and silicon dioxide layers on glass. The top of the TFT array is then stuck to a plastic substrate with water-soluble glue and the TFT layers are freed from the bottom substrate by using a XeCl laser to irradiate the bottom a-Si layer through the glass.
The laser beam causes hydrogen exodiffusion, and the released hydrogen lifts the TFT array from the original glass substrate. For practical reasons, the TFT array has a standard geometry, with the top of the LTPS TFT array towards the LC material of the AMLCD. A second plastic film is laminated to the bottom of the TFT array using a permanent adhesive. The array is then released from the first plastic film by dissolving the water-soluble adhesive.
This is an expensive process due to the use of two transfer processes, and is expected to have yield problems. There may also be problems in obtaining good flat displays by laminating the TFT layers to the plastic substrates. After the TFT array has been transferred to the final plastic substrate, then cell manufacture becomes an issue. This requires two thin flexible plastic sheets to be accurately aligned together, followed by the cell coupling and filling. Problems arise in mass production due to difficulties in substrate handling and alignment.
Another transfer process which has been proposed involves forming LTPS arrays on a layer of SiO2 on glass substrates. Again, a second substrate is stuck onto the TFT array with water soluble glue, but this time the glass substrate is etched away in HF. The array is then transferred to a permanent plastic substrate and the temporary substrate removed by dissolving the water soluble glue. This differs from the transfer process described above in that the TFT array is transferred onto a temporary substrate by etching the glass substrate instead of using a laser transfer process. This process may have better yield, but it is expensive and environmentally wasteful due to the complete etching of the entire glass substrate.
One major advantage of these transfer techniques is that the TFTs are not made on the final plastic substrates so that high temperature processing can be used. Also, there are no problems with substrate shrinkage, which is one of the main problems of TFT fabrication on freestanding plastic substrates, as described above.
(ii) Plastic Displays by Sacrificial Etching
Another proposal has been the use of an a-Si sacrificial layer over a rigid substrate, with subsequent spinning on of a plastic layer. Poly-silicon TFTs are made on top of the plastic layer and etch holes are made through the plastic layer and the array. The substrate is then immersed in a liquid etch which passes through the etch holes and dissolves the a-Si sacrificial layer, allowing the plastic layer and TFTs to float off. This process is not suitable for making displays because of the etch holes that pepper the array.
The Applicant has proposed (but not yet published) an alternative approach in which a substrate arrangement is manufactured comprising a rigid carrier substrate and a plastic substrate over the rigid carrier substrate. The rigid carrier substrate is released from the plastic substrate after forming pixel circuits and display cells over the plastic substrate. This enables substantially conventional substrate handling, processing and cell making to be employed.
A release process comprising a laser lift-off process has been proposed for releasing the rigid carrier substrate from the plastic substrate.
The invention relates particularly to a method of integrating the colour filters onto the active plate of the liquid crystal display, and involves the use of the proposed plastic substrate technology for this integration.
The integration of colour filters onto the active plate of AMLCDs has been recognised as an attractive proposition, as this can increase optical aperture, compared to standard colour filters, because the alignment on the plate is much better.
There are two different forms of pattern alignment used in AMLCD manufacture. The first is photolithographic alignment, which is used to build up patterns of different metals, dielectrics and semiconductor layers on the substrate. The technique is highly accurate, and for AMLCD manufacturing it is usually quoted as having an alignment accuracy of approximately 2 μm on substrates that are now getting close to 2�2 m in size. In fact, the alignment accuracy is usually better than 1 μm.
The second kind of alignment is plate-to-plate coupling. This aligns the two sides of the LC cell together. For an AMLCD there is typically an active matrix array on one plate and colour filters, black mask and ITO on the other.
The display comprises an active plate 1 and a passive plate 2. The active plate 1 is formed over a glass substrate 3, typically 0.7 mm thick, and carries thin film pixel circuits, with ITO pixel electrodes 4 on the uppermost surface which overlie a SiN passivation layer 5. Only some of the layers are shown in
The passive plate 2 carries colour filters 8 a, 8 b, and a black mask layer 9 which shields the part of the pixel where there is no pixel electrode. As shown, an overlap is required (L2) of the black mask layer 9 over the pixel electrodes, and there is also a spacing (L1) between the column conductors 7 and the pixel electrodes 4. The spacing L1 must be greater than about 1 μm to prevent capacitive cross-coupling. L1 takes into account the maximum photolithographic alignment error and L2 takes into account the maximum plate misalignment.
In so-called "high aperture" designs, the pixel electrodes 4 can overlap the column electrodes 7, so that the black mask size is dictated only by the dimension L2.
However, the plate to plate alignment tolerances (which are included in L2) are much larger than photolithographic alignment. For example, there can be some movement during contacting and while the seal lines are being cured, so plate to plate coupling accuracy is closer to 10 μm. For high quality displays, it is crucial that light can only pass through the pixel ITO, where it is modulated to give the desired light transmission level.
Any light that can pass round the pixel and reach the viewer will lower contrast ratio and mean that the black state is not as black as it could be. This degrades display performance.
The black mask layer reduces the optical aperture of the display. Maximising optical aperture is important for maximising brightness of the displays and reducing power consumption, and this plate to plate coupling accuracy can effectively be the factor that limits these parameters.
It has been recognised that one way to improve the optical aperture is to move the colour filter to the active plate. This can be done in one of two ways for glass substrates. Both have been demonstrated in research, but are not used in mass production.
The first method is to put the colour filter beneath the TFT array. It has been reported that this can increase the optical aperture of a 15″ XGA monitor from about 60% to 80%. The colour filter is normally made of dyed polymers that are 1 to 2 μm thick and they give a very uneven profile. There are severe practical difficulties with processing the TFTs on these uneven surfaces, but the main problem for this process is processing temperature. The colour filters must not be heated above about 150� C. or they start to degrade and lose their colour saturation. The TFTs are normally deposited above 300� C. This temperature can be lowered to close to 200� C., but if it goes below 200� C. then the TFTs become too electrically unstable for an acceptable display lifetime. Having poor colour saturation or unstable TFTs is not acceptable.
The second technique is to have colour filters above the TFT array. The simplest way to do this is to simply put a colour filter on top of a standard TFT array. This is not practical because placing a thick polymer layer over the pixel electrode significantly increases the driving voltage and introduces image retention due to charge motion in the polymer. It is possible to make the TFT array, deposit the colour filters, then put the ITO above the colour filters with electrical connection through the colour filter layer. This is a difficult process to control requiring good tapered slopes on all the colour filter layers, high quality ITO with limited temperature for the deposition and accurate and reliable patterning of ITO on top of bumpy polymer layers. This process does not appear to have made it to the manufacturing stage.
A second major advantage of integrating the colour filters into the active plate is that the passive plate does not then need to be accurately aligned to the active plate. This makes the cell making process much simpler and would not need such expensive plate coupling equipment.
Despite the recognised benefits of integrating colour filters into the active plate of an LCD, no solution has been found providing a low cost and reliable implementation of such a display architecture.
According to the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a colour active matrix display device, comprising:
forming islands over a rigid carrier substrate;
forming a plastic substrate over the rigid carrier substrate;
forming an array of pixel circuits over the plastic substrate;
forming a display layer over the array of pixel circuits;
releasing the rigid carrier substrate from the plastic substrate after forming the display layer, the plastic substrate having channels defined by the islands; and
filling the channels to define colour filter portions.
The formation of a plastic substrate on a rigid carrier, with the use of a subsequent lift off process, enables the circuit arrays to be made on very thin plastic sheets. The colour filters can then be made on the outside of the LC cell. Depressions are formed in the plastic substrate registered to the circuit array, and these are filled in with colour filter material, for example by ink jet printing.
The method may further comprise manufacturing a second substrate arrangement, and wherein forming a display layer over the array of pixel circuits comprises mounting the first and second substrate arrangements with electro-optic material sandwiched therebetween, the active matrix display device thereby comprising first and second substrates with the electro-optic material sandwiched therebetween.
The second substrate arrangement can also be arranged as a second rigid carrier substrate, and a second plastic substrate over the second rigid carrier substrate. One or both of the rigid carrier substrates can be a glass substrate.
The invention also provides a colour display device, comprising:
a plastic substrate;
an array of thin film pixel circuits deposited over the plastic substrate;
a display layer over the array of pixel circuits; and
an array of colour filter portions provided in channels on the opposite side of the plastic substrate to the array of thin film pixel circuits, the channels being defined by a support structure which supports the plastic substrate during the deposition of the thin film pixel circuits, and which is removed to enable provision of the colour filter portions.
Examples of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The release layer 20 may be a thin layer of a-Si, and is deposited onto the glass substrate 12 before the plastic layer 22 is added. An a-Si release layer is for example applied by PECVD and can be from 10 to 50 nm thick. A laser release process can be used to activate the release layer and separate the plastic substrate from the glass carrier.
The process above enables a freestanding plastic layer to be formed with amorphous silicon TFTs on plastic layers as thin as 3.5 μm, which have been freed from a glass substrate. The TFT electrical characteristics are identical to TFTs on glass.
The plastic layer must be strong enough to be one of the walls of the completed cell. Suitable plastic layers could be colourless polyimides, polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), benzocyclobutene (BCB), silicone, or other plastic layers. The thickness of the plastic layer is a compromise between small thickness for low cost and ease of fabrication and thicker layers to give strength. It will normally lie within the range 4 to 50 μm. The release layer 20 may be a thin layer of a-Si, and is deposited onto the glass substrate 12 before the plastic layer 22 is added. This release layer 20 may not be needed, depending on the release process to be employed.
An a-Si release layer can be applied by PECVD and can be from 10 to 50 nm thick.
In one example, the plastic layer is spin coated. This gives an extremely high quality surface and can give an extremely thin layer if required. Most importantly, the plastic is capable of wet casting. The plastic can thus instead be applied by spreading with a blade or printing techniques such as offset litho or silk screen printing. In a further example, the plastic layer is parylene, and the parylene deposition process is used.
This invention relates to the replacement of the glass substrate for the TFT array with a very thin plastic sheet, using a process as outlined above, and the deposition of the colour filters on the outside of the LC cell. This approach is not appropriate for normal glass displays because the glass plates for AMLCD manufacturing are of the order of 0.7 mm thick, although this can be reduced to approximately 0.3 mm by etching the glass of the completed cell. However, the pixels are of the order of 50 to 100 μm wide, so that even if the glass substrate is 0.3 mm thick, the colour filter would only be in line with the LC pixel from a very small range of viewing positions.
The small substrate thickness enabled by the process described above makes the positioning of the colour filter layers on the opposite side of the substrate to the pixel circuits a practical proposition, and this invention provides a manufacturing method for this purpose, as well as the resulting display configuration.
The active plate 40 has a plastic substrate 42. On one side is provided the array of thin film pixel circuits. The column electrodes 44 are shown, as well as the patterned ITO pixel electrodes on top of the pixel circuits. In the example shown in
An LC display layer 54 is sandwiched between the active and passive plates.
In accordance with the invention, an array of colour filter portions 55 are provided in channels 56 on the opposite side of the plastic substrate 42 to the array of thin film pixel circuits. These colour filter portions fill the channels so that they define a substantially planar bottom surface to the plastic substrate 42. A polariser 57 is provided over the side of the plastic substrate 42 with the colour filters.
One example of the method proposed by the Applicant will now be described in detail, and in which a display is made using laser release from a glass substrate, and with ink jet printing for the colour filters of the display. The example shown in detail is for the manufacture of liquid crystal display cells, having LC material sandwiched between two opposite (active and passive) substrates. The method can be applied to other backlit display technologies, and the specific example is for illustration only. The method of manufacturing the device of
In one example, the TFT array is provided over a SiN layer 68, and the TFTs comprises a gate metal layer 70, the silicon nitride gate dielectric layer 58, the dielectric layer 59 and the ITO pixel electrodes 46. The TFTs are shows schematically as 72. This example uses a-Si BCE TFTs with a SiN layer beneath the TFTs. The TFTs could equally well be top gate or bottom gate, a-Si or poly-Si TFTs.
As shown in
In the example above, the LC cell formation has not been described in detail. Different processes may be used, depending on whether traditional cell making is used, or the newer Vacuum Alignment with Liquid Crystal (VALC) method, sometimes called drop filling. In this drop filling method, LC droplets are put onto one of the plates before alignment and plate coupling is carried out under vacuum.
The glass carrier plates can be cleaned to remove all traces of residues from and can then be reused.
A laser release process has been mentioned above. There are in practice at least three ways that the plastic substrates can be released from the glass substrate. Methods that can be used are laser release from plastic that is directly in contact with the glass substrate, laser release using a silicon release layer between the glass and plastic, and lamp heating with a silicon release layer. These are each discussed below.
(i) Laser Release Directly from a Glass Substrate.
A method has been disclosed in which laser irradiation (XeCl) is used through quartz carriers to release polyimide layers to form metal-polyimide circuits. A thin layer, <1 μm, is photo-ablated leaving freestanding polyimide films with good mechanical integrity. A similar process has been used in MEMS fabrication, but this time the polyimide is used as a sacrificial layer, which is dissolved after the laser release process. In principle this is an ideal process for making plastic display because it does not require any additional release layers to be deposited or spun.
(ii) Laser Release Using an a-Si Release Layer.
The second method is to use the laser release process with an a-Si release layer, as used in the so-called SUFTLA process.
The polyimide 120 is dry etched using a metal masking layer. The a-Si release layer 122 is also dry etched to leave a bare substrate around the polyimide island. Scanning a XeCl laser line beam 126 across the bottom of the glass causes the a-Si to melt and hydrogen to be released. The polyimide is then cleanly released from the surface of the glass.
(iii) Release Using an a-Si Release Layer and Lamp or Hotplate Heating
As an alternative to laser irradiation of an a-Si release layer the a-Si can be rapidly heated by lamps designed for Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP), or by lowering the samples onto a hotplate.
The laser release examples above refer to the use of a polyimide plastic substrate, and the use of polyimide as a plastic substrate for electronic devices has been proposed in the past. This is very strong and has good mechanical properties after release, but it has strong birefringence. This means that it is suitable as a substrate for reflective and emissive displays and sensors, but less suitable for transmissive LCDs.
There is therefore a desire for an alternative plastic layer. Some of the plastics that have been used for display substrates can only be made by thermal extrusion, such as polyethylene napthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). There is no simple way of applying these as thin films to glass substrates.
One preferred alternative plastic material for the substrate is parylene, and a laser release process is appropriate for this plastic material.
Parylene is widely used as a coating layer for surgical tools (such as catheters), surgical implants (such as artificial hips and heart valves) and coatings for high specification circuit boards and aerospace components.
Parylene is deposited by a three-stage vacuum process in three different vacuum chambers, rather than being thermally extruded or applied as a liquid. The three deposition steps are:
(i) Sublimation of the solid dimer at approximately 150� C. in chamber A.
(ii) The dimer then passes through a vacuum furnace (chamber B) at about 680� C. where it is cracked by pyrolosis to form a stable monomer.
(iii) The monomer then passes into the deposition chamber C where it is simultaneously absorbed and polymerised on the substrate surface.
The substrate is at room temperature during deposition, so no stress is built into the layers during cooling, which is a feature of all elevated temperature deposition processes.
Other notable features of parylene are:
(i) It has near perfect conformal coating and, due to the low-pressure deposition process used, it can fill in small spaces. It is considered to be a completely pinhole free barrier coating.
(ii) It has good chemical resistance, is insoluble in common solvents and resists attack from exposure to acids and bases.
(iii) It is highly transparent. In particular, it has substantially the same transparency as 1737 glass over approximately the same spectral range.
(iv) It has a high dielectric strength (>5 MV/cm) and dielectric constant of 2.65.
(v) It has excellent barrier properties to gas and liquids. This is potentially extremely important for LC cells, where it is important that moisture and ionic contaminants do not pass into the LC material.
(vi) Parylene has good mechanical properties as a self-supporting membrane. This is demonstrated by its known use in micro electromechanical switches (MEMS), for instance as self-supporting structures and membranes for valves and loudspeakers.
Thermal endurance is one of the biggest issues for plastic substrates. Parylene is quoted as having 100 000 Hrs endurance at 106� C. in air and greater than 100 000 Hrs endurance at 200� C. in inert atmospheres. Parylene C is the most common form of parylene (the other forms being parylene D and parylene N) and is the preferred option for this application, and has a melting temperature of 280� C. The maximum processing temperature of parylene is therefore in the range of 220 to 260� C.
An example of the experimental use of parylene as the substrate material to demonstrate the release process explained above will now be explained.
An amorphous silicon release process was used, and for this purpose the 20 nm of hydrogenated a-Si:H was deposited onto glass substrates at 300� C. The a-Si:H used contains approximately 7 atomic % hydrogen.
A 10 μm coating of parylene C was then deposited.
A laser release process with a scanning XeCl excimer laser was employed, as shown in
The laser, providing an XeCl laser beam 146 was directed through the back of the glass substrate 140, and the a-Si:H layer 144 very strongly absorbs the blue laser light at 308 nm. The fluence of the laser was adjusted so that it just melted the a-Si:H.
On melting, the a-Si:H balls up and releases hydrogen. The combination of a-Si:H melting and hydrogen release lifts the parylene away from the glass substrate.
In experiments performed, a pulsed laser was used, and the exposure area was moved along in steps (arrow 148) to implement the parylene lift-off process. The XeCl laser was pulsed and irradiated an area of approximately 20�0.5 mm with each flash. After each exposure, the laser was moved by 0.4 mm to give a series of overlapping lines.
However, any process that melts the a-Si:H by irradiation could be employed, including large area single pulses of laser and also strong lamp annealing.
These experiments demonstrated that the parylene layer can be easily removed from the plastic substrate, and has good mechanical properties so that it can be picked up and rolled.
The parylene had high optical transmission, similar to the Corning 1737 glass alone, which is the standard glass used in the AMLCD industry.
The released parylene film was also placed between cross polarisers on a light box in order to determine the suitability for use in display applications using polarisers, and the performance was compared with a polyimide film. In this arrangement, the parylene absorbs substantially all light while significant amounts are transmitted through the polyimide. It is known that polyimide has high birefringence, which causes the polarised light to be rotated by different amounts and leads to the loss of light extinction. The high extinction of the parylene film demonstrates its suitability for use as a substrate material for LCDs.
Parylene is very lubricious, which could mean that it is difficult to get other thin films to adhere to it for making TFTs and displays. This can usually be solved for plastic substrates by exposing the surface to an Ar plasma before depositing the other layers. Other pre-treatment operations may be carried out, for example a multi-molecular layer of an organo-silane may be applied to function as an adhesion promoter.
The glass substrate may be cleaned before the parylene deposition process so that surface contaminants such as oils and ions are removed prior to the coating process. Conventional solvents can be used to perform the cleaning process.
The examples above use spin coating or the parylene process for forming the plastic substrate. Other suitable wet casting processes include printing and spreading.
The substrate can be either a standard glass substrate or a glass substrate coated with a blue-light absorbing layer. The choice depends on the plastic used and laser release properties.
A passivation layer will normally be desired, applied above the plastic layer. Suitable layer types are silicon nitride or silicon oxide deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour deposition (PECVD) or sputtering.
The TFT array fabrication can be carried out under fairly standard array processing conditions for a-Si or Low Temperature Poly-Si (LTPS) TFTs. There may have to be some small process changes to ensure that the deposited layers do not have high mechanical stress. The use of standard glass substrates coated with very thin layers of plastic and standard TFT array processing means that this process can be used in existing TFT fabrication plants.
TFTs can be used as the active device element for multiplexing several different display types, not only the LCD example above. Whatever the display type is, the display is fabricated while the TFT array is still stuck onto the glass. This means that standard display fabrication tools and techniques can be used and the presence of a thin layer of plastic will not cause any significant differences. The display drivers can also be bonded to the display at this time.
The plastic layer is then removed from the glass substrate, in one example by shining a blue laser through the glass substrate to hit the bottom of the plastic (or the blue-light absorbing layer). The laser for this purpose will normally have to be scanned to cover the complete area of the display. Pulsed excimer lasers with wavelengths of 308 nm and 351 nm can successfully be used to remove yellow polyimide layers from glass, and by providing amorphous silicon underneath a plastic layer, polyimide, BCB, silicones and parylene can successfully be released from the glass.
Any yellow plastic, such as polyimide, can be directly laser released by absorption of UV laser light through the glass substrate. Generally yellow substrates can only be used with emissive or reflective displays, for instance reflective LCD, electrophoretic displays (E-Ink) or upward emitting emissive displays, such as OLED or AMPLED.
Clear plastics (such as BCB, silicones and parylene) that do not absorb UV laser light need an underlying absorption/release layer, such as the amorphous silicon layer mentioned above. However, suitable absorption or release layers include not only amorphous silicon, but also Cr or possibly yellow plastics, such as polyimide.
Clear plastics can be used with all display types, including transmissive and transflective LCDs and downward emitting OLEDS and PLEDs.
Release layers, such as a-Si, can also be used under yellow plastics to increase process window, reduce any damage to the plastic layer and make sure that there are no plastic residues on the glass. Hydrogen from the amorphous silicon also lifts the polymer layer away from the underlying substrate, which can make the release process more reliable.
As mentioned above, a liquid crystal display is only one example of display technology which can benefit from the invention. For example, the invention may be applied to a polymer LED downwardly emitting display device. The invention may find application in OLED (organic LED), PLED (polymer LED), EL (electroluminescent) and PDLC (polymer dispersed LC) displays, as well as LCDs. In particular, the invention is of interest for transmissive, downward emitting or reflective displays where the light is incident on the bottom substrate.
On example of reflective display is an electrophoretic display, but there are also MEM based technologies, for example using interferometric modulation. This type of display can be made colour by having multiple cavity thicknesses, but instead a single cavity thickness can be used (giving black and white reflective operation) in conjunction with the colour filter design of this invention.
Various other modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
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|S. Hofer et al; "Successful Diffusible Brachytherapy (DBT) of A Progressive Low-Grade Astrocytoma Using the Locally Injected Peptidic Vector and Somatostatin Analogue 90Y-DOTAO-D-PHE1-TYR3-Octreoticde (DOTATOC)", Swiss Medical Weekly, EMH Swiss Medical Publ., Basel, CH, vol. 131, No. 43/44, 2001, pp. 640-641, XP008004296.
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 13, 2007
Owner name: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N V, NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FRENCH, IAN D.;CHILDS, MARK J.;FISH, DAVID A.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:020101/0295
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|Feb 3, 2014
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|Jul 11, 2017
Owner name: HYDIS TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Shows 'Closed' sign on gate of a factory during depression. Jobless men sitting idle on benches. A young man asks another man for some money. People with signs and banners on road including a sign "Unemployed, will take any job." Men going through trash. Men sleep in doorways. Men in soup kitchen lines and waiting for handouts. Manufacturing factory whistle blows and men are seen going to work. Smoke stacks working again at industrial area. Men shoveling field. Men and women entering a factory. Men in a pay line to receive pay at a factory. Smiling faces of people. A parent tossing a young boy into the air playfully. A young girl drinking milk. A man handing bags of food groceries to a happy wife. Pictures of bottles of milk and plates of breads. People enjoy a swimming pool. Children on a merry go round and on a see saw, as seen from point of view on the ride. A couple holding kids. A tall building under construction and surrounded in scaffolding. Construction of Tri-County airport at Clarksburg. Men working to build the runways. A plane taxis on a completed runway beside them. A man working to seal abandoned mines to prevent pollution of the water supply. Construction of a retaining wall is shown at Richwood Avenue in Morgantown West Virginia to prevent collapse of the roadway and homes above it. Construction shown of a hydro-therapeutic unit at Morris Memorial Hospital for crippled children, especially those suffering from infantile paralysis (polio). Children suffering from infantile paralysis in cots. Scene of construction of a new building at Marshall College (later Marshall University) in Huntington West Virginia, for an elementary training school. A new Gymnasium at Fairview High School is shown, and a new Assembly hall for the 4-H camp at Jacksons Mill. The new building for the Negro High School at Morgantown is shown. View of a wwimming pool, and people diving and swimming. Scene changes to a Sewing room, with many women working at sewing machines powered by foot pedals, and making garments for needy families. View of a Nursery school, and a small black child being bathed in a bath tub. Children playing in the yard of the nursery school.
Men breaking rocks for road building in rural areas of the Allegheny Mountains in West Virginia. Cars along road through rural area. A man stands in a horse pulled cart moving on a rural road. Post office at Helvetia, West Virginia, a small town where many citizens still practice traditions from their heritage in Switzerland. Old woman sitting churning butter outside farmhouse. Women with Swiss cheese. Tourists arrive in car at Seneca Rocks, and views of the large rock formations. A sweeping wide view of Germany Valley. Work of the Conservation Commission fish hatchery in Morgan County, as fish including bass are added. Young women feed deer for restocking of forests. A woman feeds a white tailed deer fawn with a bottle. A woman pets a white tail deer buck with antlers.
A raging flood in 1936 in West Virginia. Flood waters seen moving swiftly. WPA Workers during the Great Depression are seen building a new bridge at Petersburg West Virginia, spanning the South Branch of the Potomac River. Car crosses the bridge. New flood walls and dikes built by the WPA are shown, created to prevent recurrence of losses in future floods.
View of elderly people and orphan children entering a building. WPA or Works Progress Administration Public Improvements show new log houses at Mercer County Industrial Park, a commune or community helping men, women, and families affected by the depression. Women milk cows. Man plowing a field with two horses pulling a hand plow, to provide food for the common community. Line of men with hoes work in a garden. Scenes from Camp Fairchance at Low Gap in Boone County West Virginia (South of Madison and Danville) shows totem poles at the camp entrance, a boy blowing a bugle, boy orphans waking up in a bunk house and girl orphans eating together in a dining hall. Young girl children sewing. Children playing, swimming in a nearby stream or lake, and marching behind a band on the grounds of the camp. Camp buildings seen in the background. Trumpeter on wood frame lashed tower blows bugle as American flag is lowered.
Damage in Wheeling, West Virginia due to the floods in Ohio river. Aerial view of the area affected by flood. Houses along the sides of a flooded street. Trees submerged in water. People aboard small boats moving through the water. Women and children stand outside a house and lookout at the water outside the house.
Mine workers and rescue squad carry out bodies of miners who were buried alive in colliery pit during a mine accident in Logan,West Virginia. Families of the victims wait outside the pit-head as search and rescue operation is being carried out.


text:
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"It's the whole concept of democracy you're really looking at there. It's amazing to see how it moves people."
Related quotes
"A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-nine."
"Any people anywhere, being inclined and having the power, have the right to rise up, and shake off the existing government, and form a new one that suits them better. This is a most valuable - a most sacred right - a right, which we hope and believe, is to liberate the world."
"People often say that, in a democracy, decisions are made by a majority of the people. Of course, that is not true. Decisions are made by a majority of those who make themselves heard and who vote - a very different thing."


text:
It Takes a Candidate Ebook
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It Takes a Candidate serves as the first systematic, nationwide empirical account of the manner in which gender affects political ambition. Based on data from the Citizen Political Ambition Study, a national survey conducted on almost 3,800 'potential candidates', we find that women, even in the highest tiers of professional accomplishment, are substantially less likely than men to demonstrate ambition to seek elected office. Women are less likely than men to be recruited to run for office. They are less likely than men to think they are 'qualified' to run for office. And they are less likely than men to express a willingness to run for office in the future. This gender gap in political ambition persists across generations. Despite cultural evolution and society's changing attitudes toward women in politics, running for public office remains a much less attractive and feasible endeavor for women than men.
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FOOD & DRINK PHOTOGRAPHY Jul 2013
New York: Sasha Gitin
Sasha Gitin is an award-winning freelance photographer based in New York City.
Inspired by travel, experience, and a genuine love for cooking and eating, Sasha has a natural instinct for capturing the essence of food and drink so that it translates into images as delectable as their subject matter. His philosophy is to make food appear honest and luscious, with an objective to create images that will engage the taste buds of spectators.
Sasha's recent work appears in national magazines, advertising, food packaging and numerous cookbooks and websites for brands large and small.
Visit his website to see the most resent portfolio.
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Citroën Sponsors the Lycée Français MLF de Bahrain (French School) Football team activities in the year 2014/2015
Motorcity, the sole distributor of Citroën cars in the Kingdom of Bahrain, has sponsored the football team of Lycée Français MLF de Bahrain (French School) during the school year of 2014/2015.
To show their appreciation, the school's Principal Mr. Christian Chale and Athletic Director Mr. Redha Ghuloom visited Mr. Waleed Kanoo, Chairman of Motorcity on December 2nd at the Citroën showroom in Sitra, to present him the new junior and intermediate football team uniforms branded with the Citroën logo.
Founded in 1919, Citroën is a world renowned French automobiles brand with a long history and heritage. Citroen today is known for the stylish car designs with superior technology. In a recent event, the Citroën Bahrain team has visited the French school to conduct an art class. The program included a brief presentation on Citroën's history and heritage in design and innovation. The program also included a presentation about the evolution of the DS line from Citroën. Later the students also got a chance to check the displayed DS3, a striking and distinctive vehicle.
Citroën has a rich racing history. The Citroën racing team has been participating at the World Rally Championships (WRC) since 2001, winning manufacturer's title consecutively from 2003 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2011and 2012 (DS3 WRC). Citroën Racing WTCC team has recently won the 2014 Manufacturers Title.
Motorcity has also announced an irresistible offer on the entire Citroën range which includes no down payment, free insurance and registration, 3 year /60,000 km complimentary service package, free 2 years extended warranty to add up to 5 years warranty, and 5 years roadside assistance.
For more information on Citroën cars and the offers available, please contact Citroën showroom Tel: 17736222


text: Home Gallery Print (image) Mexico Tourism Board Cirque du Soleil - Mexico Fantasy App Mexico Tourism Board: Cirque du Soleil - Mexico Fantasy App Published on Sep 14, 2015 Rate this Ad You must be registered to rate the ad. Please Login or Register Now About Description Lapiz brings Mexico fantasy to like for Cirque du Soleil audiences in new mobile app that interacts with print tourism ads. CreditsDateSep 14, 2015Agency:Lapiz ChicagoClient:Mexico Tourism BoardGeneral Manager:Gustavo RazzettiAgency Executive Creative Director:Fabio SeidlClient:Mexico Tourism BoardCreative Director:Carlos MuradAssociate Creative Director:Jorge PomaredaJunior Art Director:Jonny ArcilaExecutive Producer:Aldo GagliardiProducer:Bobby GreenbergAccount Director:Ernesto AdduciAccount Executive:Maria BonetStrategist:Isabella VillalobosAccount Supervisor:Daniela BarceloModeling and Design Studio:Flamboyant ParadiseAnimation Studio:4HumansApp Developer:CurrentMarketing Director:Gerardo Llanes AlvarezMarketing Coordinator:Emmanuel Rey Tagsapp mobile phones Print ads tourism technology Industrytechnology Latest Creativity News on Ad Age Tonge Appointed Head of 4Creative, Chamberlin Joins Huge Droga5 Wants to Introduce Poets, Playwrights to Advertising Agency Brief: Chili's, Cheese and Birth Certificate Backpacks Related work Mexico Tourism Board: Tequila Cloud Lapiz Mexico Tourism Board: Doppelgänger Tourists Lapiz Mexico Tourism Board: Patricias Lapiz


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The Path of Stone was a Kaiu Engineer feat of those who were a student of engineering. [1]
Known Techniques Edit
- ↑ Secrets of the Crab, p. 73
|This Crab Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


text: Zonnatura is a Dutch brand that was founded in 1954 by Willem Smits. Back then, the herbalist gained high reputation through his vast knowledge of herbs. He believed in the power of nature and was of the opinion that food should be processed as little as possible. A philosophy that has been in force for Zonnatura for over 60 years, because solely ingredients that are naturally full of flavor are used for the preparation of the products. You will therefore not find unnecessary additions to Zonnatura's products.


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About the Book
A story of a group of women working to improve the status and opportunities for the people of Kashikishi, Zambia.
Features & Details
- Category Nonprofits & Fundraising
Standard Landscape, 10×8 in, 25×20 cm
40 Pages
- Publish Date Apr 15, 2010
- Tags travel, africa, orphans, microlending, women, Zambia
About the Creator
I am an artist, a wife, and the mother of two wonderful boys, living in Northern California. I have my degree in art history from Wellesley College, and a fantastic job with Youth in Arts, providing art opportunities to children from diverse backgrounds. I am also the Executive Director of Give a Jumpstart. Jumpstart has sponsored more than 40 income-generating projects conceived, planned and implemented by local Zambian women. Give a Jumpstart is a non-profit non-denominational 501c-3 organization whose mission is to help the women and children of Nchelenge District in rural Northeastern Zambia improve their status by building a healthier, sustainable livelihood.
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Call us at Tel No: +632.804.0000/ +632.664.9611
Mobile (Smart):+63.998.984.0000
Mobile (Globe): +63.917.684.0000
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Email us at: firstname.lastname@example.com
Monday to Fridays 900AM to 600PM
The natural beauty of the Badian Island Resort and Spa in Cebu, Philippines warmly embraces its visitors on their arrival. Here, the resort's lush palms speckle the private sandy beach that slowly slips into the azure lagoon. A white tongue of sand whisks you out into an inspiring world between heaven and ocean. Fishing outriggers slip silently past the enchanting silhouette of the Mountains of Cebu, an atmosphere worth more than ten thousand words.
Badian Island Resort and Spa is located in Cebu 2.5 hours drive from Cebu International Airport.
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text:
I rarely make a review of anything that comes with such a high price tag. Let me warn you right at the start. The Wusthof Classic Ikon 22-piece set is the most expensive knife set I have reviewed on my website so far, and its price tag is capable of giving many people a heart attack.
That being said, it's also one of the highest rated ones among several online customers. So, if money is not an object, this is definitely a product to look for and I couldn't find a single negative testimonial about it. Wusthof is a manufacturer that produces some of the best kitchen knives on the market and this is where the higher price comes from.
Price and shipping:
Price can definitely give some people a heart attack, but this knife set can be purchased online. You can have it delivered with no extra costs.
Wusthof Classic Ikon 22-piece knife set review:
Wusthof is one of those companies with the longest tradition. It was founded more than 200 years ago and they have established a great reputation all around the world. Their knives are among the most luxurious and quality ones. The only downside of them is usually a price tag, which is much higher than average.
This 22-piece set features 19 knives, 1 shears, 1 sharpening steel, and a 22-slot storage block made of wood. It's a complete knife set with everything you could possible wish for.
All handles are made of polyoxymethylene with full tang and traditional 3 rivets. I know that design is just a matter of personal taste, but I bet that these knives look fantastic and modern by all standards.
Knives included in package:
- 3.5-inch paring knife is ideal for peeling fruits and vegetables.
- 4.5-inch utility is used whenever chef's knife is too big and paring knife too small.
- 6-inch utility for slicing.
- 8-inch bread knife.
- 6 and 8-inch cook's knives for chopping and mincing.
- 8 knives for steaks.
- 5-inch serrated for cutting foods with harder exterior.
- 5-inch boning for removing bones and skin from fish and meat.
- 5 and 7-inch Santoku style knives.
- 8-inch carver for cutting large pieces of meat.
- 10-inch honing steel for keeping your blades sharp.
More info:
All knives come with a Solinger name stamp on them and they say that Solinger in Germany is a cutlery capital of the world. I certainly believe that this is not far from the truth. This is just another feature that screams about Wusthof's quality and advanced features.
Most of their products come with a lifetime warranty and Classic Ikon 22-Piece Set is not an exception.
If you already have your own favorite kitchen knife set, let me know in the comments section at the bottom of this page.


text:
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~ First of all....if you "like" me....I won't know....take a minute to say hi to me, after all ya gotta start somewhere....& I like girls who are willing to take initiative here.
~I don't say hi, or hello....I say WASABI.
~ I'm single, never married, no kids, no crazy ex, & most importantly...no drama.
~I'm something of an all around nerd....but I prefer the term intellectual badass.
~I got a place of my own, a job that's cool (been there almost 10 years now), and generally have my shit together.....
~ I hate the terms "playa"/"player", "Hook-up", & "the game" when talking about dating. It just sounds ghetto and trashy.
~ I'm monogamous & that's what I'm lookin' for....anything else for me is just too complicated. Don't get me wrong I'm lookin' to date, but one girl at a time.
~ I don't do the whole social media thing....no twitter, facebook, tinder.....any of that crap. Good for you if you do, I just think it's a waste of time for me.
~My friends say I'm cynical as F**K....I say, " I'm realistic, whereas you're hopelessly naive."
~Finally, I'd describe myself as a lil rough 'round the edges.....but I was raised by wolves and don't know any better.
~ Working
~Wondering what I'm still doing on OKCUPID, apparently most girls here want a taller guy.... and no matter what I do or how well I do it (mind you, I'm highly skilled and versatile), I still can't make myself any taller. I won't say it's superficial, I mean everyone has their preferences... but it certainly sucks for me.
In my off hours though I'm:
Suffering from the delusion that I'm a superhero battling the darkness in my soul, keeping my secret identity under wraps, on the hunt for my arch nemesis, looking for my one & only true love...the one I'll search for unto the ends of the Earth, through dangers untold, and love until the end of time...
And if I have time left over, I'll do my laundry....maybe even fold it too.
BOOKS: I've read the Harry Potter collection, Lord of the Rings, The Riyria Series, An Unfortunate Series of Events saga, The Exorcist, Legion,The Phule series (by Robert Asprin), Jurassic Park, Timeline, The Night Angel trilogy, the Ice & Fire series, The Shadow Dance series, Grimm's Fairy Tales & Tales from Wonderland (graphic novels....ok, ok, comics) series, Marvel Zombies (more comics), JTHM (really disturbing & fucked up comics), the occasional Stephen King, Dean Koontz, Clive Barker, Neil Gaiman, or Thomas Harris book, Resident Evil series (yeah that's right, more zombies & based on the games)....Ender's Game, the Zombie Survival Guide (handbook & graphic novel), & Tales from the Dark Tower (vampire stories),Old Man's War (saga), The Martian, Hollow World, just to name a few of the vast number of books I've read... well...that's enough about books, I mean there are so many. I'd read more but there aren't enough hours in the day.
Movies:....again so many it's endless, I'm a movie buff...in fact if you listed it....I probably watched it too.
Anything with zombies, I'm a big fan of horror in general. Cartoons (from the looney tunes to stuff like Hoodwinked), Almost any of the Marvel movies (although I still say Ben Affleck is not Daredevil, I'll believe that Ryan Reynolds is Green Lantern first), but Capt. America/SpiderMan/DEADPOOL are among my favorites.
Any movie that's funny really, the Back to the Future series, Lord of the Rings, Star Wars (the originals before George Lucas started mutilating them & the dumb argument of who shot first Han or Greedo...get it straight, Greedo never fired!) And the occasional heartwarming movie, romantic comedy, or tear jerker... (cough..cough...Moulin Rouge...cough...Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind...cough.)
Music: OH SHIT!!! This list could go on forever so here's the really short version...Sublime, Weezer, Mettalica, Beatles, some Johnny Cash, Stevie Ray Vaughn, AC/DC...Lots of Rock (classic and current), Social Distortion, Me First & the Gimme Gimmes, Richard Cheese, some classical music like the Moonlight Sonata, The Acro-Brats "Day late, Dollar Short", Disturbed, Avenged Sevenfold, Black Crowes, and a bunch more.....
Food: Oh no I ran out of room to talk about food...No room for food then....I guess I don't eat....awww shit and I was hungry too....
2. Money, I want to do without it, but when's that really gonna happen?
3. My video games...I love them...I even tell them that. I'm still waiting to hear them say it back to me though.....I can wait...still waiting....any time now....(exasperated sigh)...oh well...maybe tomorrow.
4. My sense of humor......it keeps me going.
5. Family (friends are included in this category so I don't even intend to list them...aww shit...I will. Friends.)
6. books & comics...I'm still a kid at heart, and it ain't changing any time soon.
7. Yeah that's right I said 7... Lucky 7....my Stan Lee autographed Converse All Stars...as far as I know the only pair in existence.
~Naughty Stuff
I once snuck into my job dressed up as a ninja...full garb, lots of real weapons ( 2 swords, a "cold steel" machete, wolverine-style claws, several knives of various sizes & styles, throwing stars, nunchucks & a bit more.....let's just say I was armed to the teeth.....and could actually move quickly & silently while burdened down by all this stuff. I scared the shit out of several co-workers & my boss....it was awesome! I mean, how often does a ninja really jump out of nowhere, for no reason? Really.
I once caught a co-worker in my arms after she fell off a ladder.....it was sheer coincidence that I was wearing a t-shirt with the Superman symbol.
I once played a game of Mancala, backgammon, chess, and MTG all at the same time against 4 different opponents...and won all 4! Can you say " NERD"?
You are a redhead (don't get me wrong, I like blondes and brunettes too but)...redheads are hot....like Flame Princess.
You actually want a guy that practices & believes in chivalry.
You want a guy that does know the difference between: their, there, and they're.......as in ," They're over there by their things." (I also know the difference between: to, too, and two.....too.)
You like pretty flowers.....no really, REAL Flowers....I've worked at a floral studio for several years, and I get to bring home all sorts of pretty flowers, alas no girl to give them to.
Ya wanna laugh or hear a dirty joke (I know too many for my own good, it's an automatic-defense mechanism, it came from me being nerdy) maybe see a movie, play some video games, discuss comics/books, ask me somethin'.......or maybe if you just feel like it....


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Very simple drama with the main characters being normal people having no extraordinary skills doing straightforward police work in a poor working envirnment
Titles ▾
Odoru Daisousasen is a Japanese drama, with some comedic moments. It originally ran for 11 episodes, and has spawned several TV specials and four full-length theatrical movies.
Oda Yuji plays a character named Aoshima Shunsaku, an ex-computer salesman, who decides one day that he wants to be a detective. He soon becomes a detective at the Wangan Police Station where he encounters various cases and deals with the police bureaucracy.


text: Sandra McElroy is the founder and author of Bedtime Friends. Her goal is to help people discover, research, and pick mattresses and various other sleep products that suit their unique needs, wishes, and budget. When she's not cooking and writing reviews, she fills her free moments by spending time with her two children, and we enjoy our nap time as a family.