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The ability of coral reefs to survive the projected increases in temperature due to global warming will depend largely on the ability of corals to adapt or acclimatize to increased temperature extremes over the next few decades. Many coral species are highly sensitive to temperature stress and the number of stress (bleaching) episodes has increased in recent decades. We investigated the acclimatization potential of Acropora millepora, a common and widespread Indo-Pacific hard coral species, through transplantation and experimental manipulation. We show that adult corals, at least in some circumstances, are capable of acquiring increased thermal tolerance and that the increased tolerance is a direct result of a change in the symbiont type dominating their tissues from Symbiodinium type C to D. Our data suggest that the change in symbiont type in our experiment was due to a shuffling of existing types already present in coral tissues, not through exogenous uptake from the environment. The level of increased tolerance gained by the corals changing their dominant symbiont type to D (the most thermally resistant type known) is around 1–1.5°C. This is the first study to show that thermal acclimatization is causally related to symbiont type and provides new insight into the ecological advantage of corals harbouring mixed algal populations. While this increase is of huge ecological significance for many coral species, in the absence of other mechanisms of thermal acclimatization/adaptation, it may not be sufficient to survive climate change under predicted sea surface temperature scenarios over the next 100 years. However, it may be enough to 'buy time' while greenhouse reduction measures are put in place.
Stony corals owe their success as reef-builders to their symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae of the genus Symbiodinium (zooxanthellae). These algae live in coral tissues in extremely high densities (greater than 106cm−2) and provide up to 90% of a coral's nutritional requirements (Muscatine & Porter 1977). The symbiosis is highly efficient with respect to recycling of precious nutrients (Muscatine & Porter 1977) and the use of light (Anthony & Hoegh-Guldberg 2003; Enríquez et al. 2005). The success of this symbiosis is evident in the geological persistence of coral reefs of more than 200Myr (Veron 1995) and the geographical area occupied by modern coral reefs in tropical and subtropical waters of over 280000km2 (Spalding et al. 2001). However, the coral–algal symbiosis is under threat due to global episodes of coral bleaching (loss of zooxanthellae and/or zooxanthellar pigment). This threat is due to unprecedented thermal stress over the last century (Lough 2000) and coral reefs will be challenged further by unprecedented rates of global warming in the coming century (IPCC 2001). Independent modelling studies show that corals will need to undergo substantial acclimatization or adaptation over the next few decades, or face widespread dieback (Ware 1997; Hoegh-Guldberg 1999; Done et al. 2003; Berkelmans et al. 2004).
An emerging 'nugget of hope' for the long-term survival of coral reefs is related to the ability of some corals to associate with a range of zooxanthella types (Rowan & Knowlton 1995; LaJeunesse 2001; van Oppen et al. 2001; Baker 2003). So far, eight phylogenetic clades (or lineages) of zooxanthellae have been distinguished based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA (clades A–H) with each clade containing many species (Baker 2003; Pochon et al. 2004; Coffroth & Santos 2005). Although most coral colonies appear to associate with a single zooxanthella type, there are a number of coral species that can also associate with several symbiont types simultaneously (reviewed in Baker (2003)). Recent studies have indicated that the majority of coral colonies on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR, Australia) are dominated by one type with a second type present at low and previously undetectable 'background' levels (Ulstrup & van Oppen 2003; Mieog et al. in preparation). Various combinations of host and symbiont (holobiont) may provide ecological advantages in different ecological niches, with evidence emerging that symbiont type can influence the growth rate of corals (Little et al. 2004) and their ability to cope with acute irradiance stress (Baker 2001). There is also growing evidence that corals with clade D symbionts are more resistant to thermal stress than the same species with clade C symbionts (Glynn et al. 2001; Rowan 2004; Tchernov et al. 2004) and that some coral reefs which have been subject to repeated bleaching episodes harbour a greater proportion of D-type symbionts (Baker et al. 2004). The concept of an 'ecospecies' has been proposed to describe the idea that a single coral species can be functionally different as a result of the type of zooxanthellae it associates with, a feature which has clear adaptive significance (Buddemeier et al. 2004). Central to understanding how coral reefs will cope with increased thermal challenges in an era of climate change is knowledge of the role of zooxanthellae in the thermal tolerance of the holobiont, or ecospecies. In particular, we need to understand which symbiont options (if any) are open to corals, and which corals are capable of changing symbionts and under what conditions. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand whether a symbiont change will in fact increase the level of thermal tolerance and, in the context of climate change, if the level of increased tolerance is sufficient for corals to cope with anticipated increases in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Average tropical seawater temperatures are predicted to increase 1–3°C over the next 100 years (multi-model ensemble) (IPCC 2001), but local and regional increases and short-term extremes are likely to be greater.
Here, we investigate the role of zooxanthellae in the thermal tolerance of the Indo-Pacific stony coral, Acropora millepora, in a large scale transplantation experiment and show that thermal tolerance in this species is inextricably linked to the type of algal symbionts harboured. We further show that the potential for a change in algal symbiont may be population-specific and that increased tolerance resulting from symbiont change is limited in regard to expected future temperature increases.
We transplanted colonies of a very common, but relatively bleaching sensitive, Indo-Pacific species, the stony coral A. millepora, to investigate the role of zooxanthellae in the thermal tolerance of corals. Twenty-two colonies were sourced from a cool southern inshore reef (North Keppel Island) and another 22 colonies from a cool central offshore reef (Davies Reef) on the GBR and transplanted to a warm inshore bay in the central GBR (Magnetic Island; figure 1). Average summer (December to February) water temperatures at Magnetic Island of 29.2±0.45°C (s.d.) are 0.9°C warmer than those at Davies Reef (28.3±0.50°C (s.d.); ca 75km cross-shelf distance), while those at Davies Reef are 1.3°C warmer than North Keppel Island (Keppels) (27.0±0.50°C (s.d.); ca 800km along-shelf distance; figure 2). Temperatures have been continuously recorded at half-hourly intervals using data loggers (Dataflow Systems, New Zealand) since 1992 at Magnetic Island and since 1995 at Davies Reef and Halfway Island, ca 15km from North Keppel Island. A further 22 colonies from each of Magnetic Island, Davies Reef and North Keppel Island were kept at their respective native reefs until their thermal tolerance limits could be experimentally tested together with the transplanted corals kept at Magnetic Island for 9 (Keppels) and 14 months (Davies). Corals were kept on mesh racks at approximately the same depth as they were collected (2–4m). Corals were sampled for zooxanthella genotyping at the time of transplantation and again just before the temperature experiments.
Twelve nubbins (3–5cm long) were cut from each of six colonies of A. millepora from each of five populations (Magnetic Island, North Keppel Island native, North Keppel Island transplants, Davies Reef native and Davies Reef transplants) and distributed equally among four temperature treatments (27.5 (the non-bleaching 'control' treatment) 30, 31 and 32°C) and three tanks within each temperature treatment (treatment replicates) in an indoor aquarium system. Nubbins were acclimated to tank conditions for 10 days prior to heating and then exposed to their respective target temperatures for 15 days. Tanks were supplied with fresh unfiltered seawater via a flow-through system at a rate of 1.5lmin−1. Temperature of the supply water was computer-controlled to target temperature ±0.02–0.05°C (s.d.) over 15 days (averaged and logged at 10min intervals; Turner et al. 2002). Ambient temperatures at the time of the experiment were ca 29°C and likely to be too high for the native Keppels colonies, so the incoming seawater was cooled to 27.5°C in all treatments (including the control treatment) via a refrigeration system prior to heating. Light was provided by 10×400W metal halide lamps (10000K colour temperature, BLV Germany) with a spectral quality suitable for coral photosynthesis and at an average underwater intensity of 190–280μmol photonsm−2s−1 for 12h per day.
Zooxanthellae were identified based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region using single stranded conformation polymorphism and sequencing analysis (van Oppen et al. 2001; Ulstrup & van Oppen 2003). This marker and analysis has a lower detection limit of 5–10% in the relative abundance of multiple zooxanthella strains (Fabricius et al. 2004).
Nubbins were stripped of their tissue inside a plastic bag containing 10ml of seawater using an air gun. The resultant slurry was macerated with a tissue homogenizer for 30s and a 9ml sample was drawn off and preserved with 1ml of formalin (32%w/w). Eight independent drops from each sample were counted using a Neubauer haemacytometer. Zooxanthella densities were normalized to coral surface area, which was determined by the wax method (Stimson & Kinzie 1991).
Temperature and light stress in corals is readily detectable as a change in the photosynthetic fitness of the zooxanthellae using non-invasive pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry (e.g. Jones et al. 1998). We measured the fluorescence yield as a measure of zooxanthellar fitness in corals (dark-adapted) using a Diving-PAM (Walz, Germany) after at least 8h of darkness, followed by fluorescent light conditions of less than 2μmolphotonsm−2s−1 during sampling. Dead corals and white bleached corals that could not return a reliable yield due to low background fluorescence readings (F0<100) were assigned a value of 0.
Zooxanthella density was analysed with a mixed model nested ANOVA with the factors: temperature ('temp', four levels, fixed), treatment replicates nested within temperature ('tank(temp)', three levels, random), population ('pop', five levels, fixed), 'pop×temp' and 'pop×tank(temp)'. Data were square root transformed to correct for heteroscedacity of variance and terms were fitted sequentially (model 1) in the order stated above. Following a significant interaction of the pop×temp term (at α=0.05), custom hypothesis tests were performed to test for significance among levels within terms. For the custom contrasts, the significance level was reduced to α=0.008 in accordance with the Dunn–Sidak procedure to account for the number of multiple comparisons undertaken (Quinn & Keough 2002).
Dark adapted fluorescence yield data were analysed with a univariate repeated measures ANOVA using a conservative lower bound Greenhouse–Geisser adjustment of the degrees of freedom that allows for lack of sphericity in the data (Quinn & Keough 2002). The model is similar to that described above except with time treated as a within- subjects factor. Data were arcsine transformed. Following a significant 'temp×pop×time' interaction, planned contrasts were conducted on differences in transformed fluorescence yield data between each time point to determine when populations began to respond differently and which populations were affected. The significance level was reduced to α=0.002 for these contrasts. To limit the number of comparisons (and reduce the resultant impact on the significance level), the main comparisons of interest were the contrasts between the D, C2 and C2*-dominated populations (Magnetic/Keppel transplants; Keppel native; and Davies native/Davies transplants, respectively). Statistical tests were performed using SPSS v.13.0.
At the time of transplanting, all colonies from the Keppels contained type C2 (sensu van Oppen et al. 2001) zooxanthellae with ca 80% of A. millepora colonies dominant in this type (figure 3). The remaining colonies were dominated by type D zooxanthellae, but also contained type C2 in lower abundance. Of the 22 Keppels colonies transplanted to Magnetic Island in July 2002, all bleached pale to white and seven colonies containing type C zooxanthellae died during the 2003 Austral summer (figure 3). By April 2003, all surviving colonies had regained their coloration and contained only type D zooxanthellae, including those that were originally dominated by C2. Of the 22 Davies Reef colonies transplanted to Magnetic Island in late February 2002, 13 survived the 2002 and 2003 summers, most bleaching pale to white at this time. All of these colonies contained only type C2 zooxanthellae at the time of transplantation and, in contrast to the Keppels colonies, recovered with the same strain (figure 3). Thus, of the transplanted corals, only the Keppel corals changed zooxanthella type, most likely as a direct result of the temperature-induced bleaching they underwent during the warm 2003 summer at Magnetic Island.
The C2 zooxanthellae harboured by A. millepora colonies at Davies Reef differed in ribosomal DNA ITS1 sequence from the C2 zooxanthellae of their conspecifics from the Keppels (figure 4). Hence, these zooxanthellae represent a distinct strain and we refer to them as type C2*. All 22 native Magnetic Island colonies transplanted onto racks at the same location in late February 2002 survived the 2002 and 2003 summers without bleaching and consistently harboured only type D zooxanthellae through time. The native Keppels population collected at the time of the temperature experiments were all dominant in type C2 zooxanthellae, indicating a slight change in the relative proportion of C- and D-zooxanthella types naturally over the 9 month transplantation period. This may reflect a natural population drift toward type C zooxanthellae as it recovered from the 2002 bleaching event (Berkelmans et al. 2004; Elvidge et al. 2004; van Oppen et al. 2005). A similar drift back to pre-bleaching zooxanthella types was noted in three Montastraea species in the Florida Keys following a bleaching event in 1998 (Thornhill et al. 2005). The native Davies Reef population harboured only type C2* zooxanthellae, unchanged over time (figure 3). The natural occurrence of particular zooxanthella strains in some areas and not others, and the apparent stability of coral–algal associations in some areas and not others, are important issues in understanding climate change effects on reefs. The association of corals and their symbionts is complex and considerable work is required to determine how these associations are shaped by biological and/or environmental factors.
We tested the thermal tolerance limits of the transplanted (Keppels, Davies Reef) and native colonies (Magnetic Island, Keppels and Davies) under controlled experimental conditions and found that thermal tolerance among native populations was strongly linked with location. Corals from the Keppels population bleached at lower temperatures and more quickly than those from Davies. The photosynthetic yield of the C2 Keppels population diverged and was significantly different from the D and C2* populations (Magnetic Island, Keppel transplants and Davies native and transplants) after 11 days at 30°C and after 7 days at 31°C (figure 5, table 1). Similarly, the C2* Davies Reef corals were more sensitive than the D-dominant Magnetic Island and Keppel transplant corals, with photosynthetic yield significantly different after 7 days at 31°C and after 3 days at 32°C. The relative thermal sensitivity among these populations was also demonstrated by contrasting and significantly different patterns in zooxanthella density and the visual condition of corals after temperature treatment (unbleached, bleached, dead; figure 6, table 2). Having changed zooxanthella type from C to D, the thermal tolerance of the transplanted Keppels corals was indistinguishable from that of Magnetic Island D-dominated corals, the most thermally tolerant population. Photosynthetic yields of the Keppel transplants were not significantly different to those of the native Magnetic Island population at any of the treatment temperatures and at any time point during the experiment. Zooxanthella densities were significantly lower in the Keppels transplants compared with the Magnetic Island corals in all except the 32°C post-experiment treatment, possibly indicating some variation in physiological response between these populations (figure 6a,c). However, the reduced algal density in the Keppels transplants did not affect their ultimate thermal resistance, since their mortality was lower than the Magnetic Island corals at 32°C (figure 6). Transplanted Davies Reef corals, having failed to alter zooxanthella type even after 14 months at Magnetic Island, performed as if they had never been transplanted. Photosynthetic yield and zooxanthella densities of transplanted and native Davies populations were not significantly different from each other at any of the treatment temperatures or time points during the experiment. Mortality was also comparable among these populations.
These results indicate a causal link between zooxanthella type and thermal tolerance. Moreover, our data indicate that zooxanthella type is probably entirely responsible for levels of thermal tolerance in these A. millepora populations, since the Davies transplanted population that retained its original zooxanthella type responded to thermal stress the same as its native counterparts, even after 14 months of transplantation. While coral host biochemistry (e.g. heat shock proteins and antioxidants) may play a role in regulating the biochemical processes of coral within tolerable limits (i.e. capacity acclimation), these processes appear to play little, if any, role in determining the final thermal tolerance of this species (i.e. resistance acclimation). Phenotypic plasticity or intraspecific genetic differences (we did not test for this here) may exist between the coral host populations, but the evidence suggests that these either have little measurable effect on temperature thresholds in A. millepora, or only have an appreciable effect in the presence of type D zooxanthellae. Thus, the thermal tolerance of host–algal symbiosis appears to be dependent on the physiological characteristics of the zooxanthellae under temperature (and light) stress, with the zooxanthellae being the weakest link in the symbiotic partnership. Thermal tolerance among different zooxanthella types is in large part due to the thermal stability of the thylakoid lipid membranes of the chloroplasts, with sensitive types having lower concentrations of saturated polyunsaturated fatty acids and greater susceptibility to attack by reactive oxygen molecules which ultimately damages host cells (Tchernov et al. 2004). The lack of acclimatization response in transplanted Davies Reef corals after 14 months in a warmer region compared to their native counterparts, without changing zooxanthella type, supports the conclusion of Tchernov et al. (2004) that the zooxanthellae themselves have limited capacity to acclimatize. Their conclusion is based on the limited ability of zooxanthellae to modify their thylakoid membrane lipid composition, a trait held by eukaryotic algae capable of physiological acclimation.
These results indicate that autonomous thermal acclimatization/adaptation, mediated by zooxanthella change, is a real and naturally operating process in reef corals. As such, this study supports the adaptive bleaching hypothesis as originally proposed (Buddemeier & Fautin 1993) and later refined (Buddemeier et al. 2004), although not all populations appear to have the ability to change symbiont type. Whether the process of symbiont change in our Keppels population was brought about simply by a shuffling of the zooxanthella types already contained in the coral tissues, or was the result of taking up new types ('switching') from the environment is uncertain (Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2002). Zooxanthella switching has been observed experimentally in adult octocorals (Lewis & Coffroth 2004), but so far not in adult stony corals. Since, type D zooxanthellae did exist in some of the Keppel corals and was not evident in the Davies population, even after a long period of transplantation and despite bleaching, the change is likely to have been a shuffling of existing zooxanthella types. Low background levels of zooxanthella type D (as low as ca 0.001%) have been detected using quantitative PCR methods in C-dominated Acropora valida corals on the GBR (Ulstrup & van Oppen 2003), suggesting that this strategy is potentially available to other coral populations and species. However, the fact that Davies transplants did not change symbiont type suggests that symbiont switching may only take place under certain conditions. We postulate that one of those conditions may be that a minimum background density of type D zooxanthellae is required in order for them to out-compete potentially faster reproducing type C zooxanthellae in the recovering host coral. Further research is required to substantiate this hypothesis.
The range of increased tolerance attained by A. millepora from the Keppels with type D zooxanthellae was only marginally more than with the original C2 type. Nearly all native Keppels colonies were white after 15 days at 31°C, whereas the transplants with D-type symbionts were all healthy at this temperature, but at 32°C, more than 40% were white or dead. Since the photosynthetic fitness of the type D transplants was deteriorating rapidly at 32°C, it is unlikely that they would survive 33°C under these experimental conditions. Thus, the increased tolerance of Keppel corals with type D zooxanthellae is only about 1–1.5°C. While this is likely to be of huge ecological benefit, it may not be enough to help these populations cope with the predicted increases in average tropical sea temperatures over the next 100 years (1–3°C, multi-model ensemble; IPCC 2001). It may, however, be enough to 'buy time' while measures are put in place to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, while our results suggest that considerable capacity may exist for rapid acclimatization of corals and thus are a nugget of hope for coral reefs in an era of climate change, it is unclear how many coral species, and populations within species, are likely to benefit from this acclimatization mechanism and hence what the overall implications are for coral reefs. What it does highlight, however, is that corals harbouring mixed symbiont populations are likely to have a distinct ecological advantage over those that do not, in terms of their ability to cope and respond rapidly to thermal stress events. Understanding the response of reefs to climate change, and any management actions in ameliorating additional threats, is likely to benefit greatly from an improved understanding of the conditions under which corals can change symbiont type, the biogeography of zooxanthellae and the factors shaping the interaction of zooxanthellae with their coral hosts.
We thank D. Barnes, T. Done, J. Lough and C. Wilkinson for critiquing earlier drafts of the manuscript. We also thank Jos Mieog for his help in genotyping the zooxanthellae, Steve Delean for statistical advice and Carolyn Smith and a host of volunteers for assisting with field work. This work was supported by the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the Cooperative Research Centre for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Hydraulic Fracturing - Facts and Fiction
Colorado School of Mines - AAPG Student Chapter
Wednesday, February 26, 2014 from 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM (MST)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
The process of hydraulic fracture stimulation, also known as 'fracking', has received much attention in the recent years. The Colorado School of Mines American Association of Petroleum Geologists Student Chapter (CSM-AAPG) in association with Coloradans for Responsible Energy Development (CRED) invites all community members to attend this public session on hydraulic fracturing. The purpose of this event is to provide insights into the function and practice of hydraulic fracture stimulation in the oil and gas industry.
The two-part event will start with a screening of Phelim McAleer's FrackNation documentary and follow with a panel discussion to answer questions related to hydraulic fracking from the audience. The panel will be composed of a number of reputable professionals including Dr. William Fleckenstein, CSM Petroleum Engineering Interim Department Head, and Dr. Steve Sonnenberg, CSM Geology Department Boettcher Distinguished Chair Professor.
When & Where
Bunker Auditorium, Green Center, Colorado School of Mines
924 16th Street
Wednesday, February 26, 2014 from 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM (MST)
Add to my calendar
Colorado School of Mines - AAPG Student Chapter
The Colorado School of Mines American Association for Petroleum Geologist (CSM-AAPG) student chapter is a non-profitable student organization that provides resources for students at both the graduate and undergraduate level focusing on opportunities for contact with the professional geoscience community, for learning and leadership, and for connection and collaboration among geoscience peers.
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2295 Edgewater Street, Grand Rapids 49525
See more homes for sale in Grand Rapids, MI
This property has been Sold!
07/22/2016 at $133,000
Location, Location, Location! This home has it all, located next to a park, across the street from East Oakview School, deeded access to Dean Lake, and Northviewl School District! In addition to that your new home has been completely renovated over the years from top to bottom. This home packs a punch and is truly a winning combination! The main floor offers a completely remodeled kitchen (2016) with new hickory floors, kraftmaid cabinets with self-closing drawers and tile backsplash! The hickory floor is carried down the hall to reveal a completely remodeled main floor bath and two bedrooms. The living room boasts the original hardwood floors that have been redone and the majority of the home has replacement windows! This house is solid! The lower level has an additional family room,
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 2295 Edgewater Street
- City
- Grand Rapids
- Zip
- 49525
- County
- Kent
- Township
- Plainfield Twp
- Possession
- Zoning
- Residential
- Total Finished SqFt
- 1,080
- Above Grade SqFt
- 720
- Garage Desc.
- 2, Detached
- Waterfront Desc
- All Sports
- Body of Water
- Dean Lake
- Water
- Public
- Sewer
- Public
- Year Built
- 1964
- Taxes
- $1,375
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 11X10 1st Floor
- Bedroom2
- 9X11 1st Floor
- Bedroom3
- 11X10 Lower Floor
- Dining
- 1st Floor
- Family
- 11X15 Lower Floor
- Kitchen
- 1st Floor
- Laundry
- Lower Floor
- Living
- 11X15 1st Floor
- Basement
- Full Basement
- Cooling
- Central
- Heating
- Forced Air, Natural Gas
- Acreage
- 0.12
- Lot Dimensions
- 51x104
- Appliances
- Dryer, Garbage Disposal, Microwave, Range, Refrigerator, Washer
- Features
- Ceiling Fans
- Exterior Materials
- Vinyl
- Exterior Features
- Patio
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A DOMINANT display from Reading swept Wanderers aside as they were comfortably beaten in this afternoon's pre season friendly at Adams Park.
Russia international Pavel Pogrebnyak and youngster Jake Taylor did the damage, scoring a goal in each half to send the Berkshire club on their way to victory.
But it was a win that was far more convincing than the final scoreline would suggest, as the Royals carved out and wasted a host of excellent goalscoring opportunities.
In contrast Wanderers struggled to get the ball up to their forwards, and although they defended stoutly and with an impressive amount of grit for a friendly fixture this wasn't a game to enthuse the fans with the season's kick off just two weeks away.
Chances for Reading were a regular occurrence, starting early on as a bisecting pass sent the pacy Ryan Edwards clear of Gary Doherty, but having been put clean through the youngster could do no more than to pull his effort disappointingly wide of the near post.
A strong Royals team didn't show the cutting edge of a Championship side as they wasted another gilt edged chance, Taylor blazing high over the bar from a good position after Hal Robson-Kanu had cleverly chested the ball into his path.
Backpedalling keeper Matt Ingram did well to punch clear as a Pogrebnyak header from a free kick threatened to loop in over his head, before another header from Welsh international Chris Gunter did enter the net but was disallowed for offside.
Reading's finishing failed to match their build up play, with Michael Hector becoming the latest player to fail to cover himself in glory in front of goal as he flashed a volley dipping over the crossbar.
Wanderers' new-look midfield duo of Peter Murphy and Josh Scowen looked industrious but all too often Blues laboured to create anything of note for the forwards.
Paul Hayes, as he had done against Chelsea, lashed out in frustration at the lack of service as he tried a shot from 40 yards that proved no difficulty for Adam Federici – a spectator until that point – to deal with.
A minute later the Royals finally went in front as Blues switched off at the back, allowing Pogrebnyak the simplest of finishes with a far post header from Jordan Obita's inviting cross.
Taylor pulled another chance wide of the post and Robson-Kanu shot tamely straight at Ingram as the visitors had to settle for a single goal lead at the interval despite their total dominance of the first half.
The hosts almost drew level within the first minute of the second half as an unconvincing-looking Federici needed two goes at gathering in a header from Matt McClure.
Normal service was resumed as Alex Pearce had a header from a corner deflected wide, Taylor smashed a shot from a second set piece into Matt Bloomfield's face from close quarters and half time substitute Shaun Cummings hooked the rebound off target in a frantic scramble.
Aaron Pierre then made a fantastic tackle to foil Taylor as he was about to pull the trigger from an intelligent reverse pass into the area, before the same Reading player was denied again when Tommy Fletcher flung himself at his shot.
A rare chance for Blues came Sam Wood's way, with the midfielder flashing his effort just wide, before Pearce made a good clearance with Hayes looking to tuck away Scowen's hanging ball in.
But Reading wasted further chances to extend their lead, as Pogrebnyak broke the offside trap only to be denied by Ingram as the keeper was out quick as a flash to beat his shot away.
Substitute Nick Blackman then caught everyone by surprise as he sent in a dipping, swirling volley from 30 yards and he was desperately unlucky to see it crash back into play off the underside of the crossbar with Ingram flapping at air.
Hayes fired straight at Federici down the other end after being fed by strike partner McClure, before Blackman scuffed wide as Reading were again guilty of profligate finishing in front of goal.
Finally the visitors made their dominance count, with Taylor getting the goal his performance warranted as he applied a cute finish in touching home a cross from the right out of Ingram's despairing grasp.
The Royals made nine substitutions after the killer second goal and they almost had a late third as Ingram made a stunning flying save to keep out Blackman's effort, with the striker blazing wastefully over from a matter of feet on the rebound.
Wanderers: Ingram, Jombati, Doherty, Fletcher, Pierre, Bloomfield (sub Kretzschmar), Scowen (sub Evans), Murphy, Wood, Hayes (sub Craig), McClure (sub Morias). Substitutes not used: Horlock, Ainsworth, Hudson.
Attendance: 1,697 (840 from Reading)


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Standing at the entrance to a large sprawling country estate stands this magnificent Gatehouse building.
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Market Stroll His Vintage Style Male Silhouette with Guitar
Original mixed media artwork featuring a male silhouette wearing a hat and holding a guitar custom made with personalized rescued, vintage items. Set available.
*Title: Market Stroll Collection (His-Guitar)
*Medium: acrylic, salvaged wood, and found objects
*Size: 24" x 11.75"
*wood back-frame | painted black (see http://bit.ly/1dW7Bag for example)
*made to order artwork each produced with a unique set of rescued materials
Also available as his and hers set.
Dolan Geiman launched his line of silhouette wood cut-outs in the summer 2008 (starting with the guitar) and since then has been actively producing and selling other silhouettes like his deer, Mr. and Mrs., dogs, cats, bison, US map, and a range of other flora and fauna. Others may have followed in our footsteps, but this is the original wood cutout that made its way from Virginia to Chicago and onto the pages of Fossil's, Pendleton's, and UncommonGoods's catalogs.


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Alexander John Cuza
Personality Number 2
Alexander John Cuza is a male celebrity.
He was born on Monday March 20th 1820, in Unknown.
Alexander John Cuza appears friendly and unpretentious. He has a soft and warm exterior. Others perceive him as gentle, safe harbor. People are drawn to Alexander because, among other reasons, he appears warm and unthreatening.
Cuza's dress is neat and clean. His clothing should be comfortable, soft, and flowing. Alexander John Cuza should avoid plain and understated clothes, and make an effort to be a little more daring and exciting in his appearance. This will balance nicely with his perceptive and open personality.
The opposite sex is attracted to Alexander's gentle and attentive nature, yet senses the passion beneath his surface. Cuza has sex appeal.
Exercise is important to Alexander John Cuza's appearance and to promote the level of strength he radiates.
Alexander is very patient and understanding, and a wonderful listener. He makes others feel important and loved.
Cuza is sensitive and becomes tense in a disharmonious atmosphere. He has experienced quite a bit of negative criticism as a child, which made him shy growing up. Though he may be well past that shyness, a bit of the vulnerability has remained with Alexander John Cuza and is often sensed by others.
Alexander is a peacemaker. Arguments leave him drained. People sense Cuza's desire for harmony. But he must avoid being the blank tablet for others' projections. People may underestimate his strength, but this is a mistake. Alexander John Cuza is strong. He bends, but does not break.
He has a fine sense of beauty and excellent taste. There is a grace in Alexander John Cuza's movements, reflecting his keen sense of harmony and refinement.
You and Alexander
About Alexander's Personality number
Cuza's Personality number often serves as a censoring device, both in terms of what Alexander sends out, as well as what he allows to approach.
It discriminates in the kinds of people and information Alexander John Cuza lets enter his heart and mind.
Read more about our numerological interpretation of Alexander John Cuza's personality


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NOTE: The ABP Proposal Process has been completed for the 2016-2017 academic year. The deadlines for next year are:
- Winter Trip Preliminary Proposal Due: Monday 8/28 @5pm
- Winter Break Final Proposal: Monday 9/18 @ 5pm
- Acceptance Decisions Released: Wednesday 9/20
- Spring and Summer Preliminary Proposal Due: Monday 10/16 @5pm
- Spring and Summer Final Proposal Due: Monday 11/20 @5pm
- Acceptance Decisions Released: Monday 11/27
Only submit a Final Proposal if you have submitted a Preliminary Proposal and were invited by the ABP to submit a final proposal.
Before submitting your Final Proposal, make sure you are familiar with the proposal process, expectation, and requirments.
- Final proposal online form
- Read the instructions and submit the proposal. You may chose to review a sample proposal (ABP Final Proposal Sample.pdf) to get a better idea of what the review committee will be looking for.


text:
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Style: 82A0055 Color Code:
Embroidered make-up brush holder with metallic leather trim and double snap closure. Set of 6 synthetic brushes with painted handles.
Bohemian Brush Set styled by the FP Me community
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text:
Now as a man that travels the road often, I realize sometimes you'll find a bug or two even in the finest of hotels. Tonight, 6/4/13 I killed not one, two, but four roaches. As soon as I walked in to the room it was extremely hot and I noticed a few flies. As I set down to hook my laptop up I seen the first roach climbing up the wall. Then after a visit to the restroom I found 2 more on the floor near the toilet. Then I found one by the fridge.... oh but the fridge works great. Think positive right? Well If you are tired and looking for a budget type hotel, then I guess it's worth it. However I wouldn't recommend staying for more than one night. ALSO find the hotel coupons for this hotel. They'll charge you 59.99 at the desk when you can use a coupon found at the gas station across the interstate from the hotel for only 50 bucks.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Priceline, Booking.com, Expedia, Orbitz, Hotels.com, Cancelon, Travelocity, Hotwire, Cheap Tickets and HotelQuickly so you can book your Days Inn & Suites Marshall reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Days Inn Marshall
- Marshall Days Inn


text:
- ×
Babel is a compiler for writing next generation JavaScript.
Filed under helpers › cross browserShow All
The compiler for writing next generation JavaScript.
Babel is a community-driven tool that helps you write code in the latest version of JavaScript.
When your supported environments don't support certain features natively, Babel will help you compile those features down to a supported version.
// ES2015 arrow function [1, 2, 3].map((n) => n + 1);
[1, 2, 3].map(function(n) { return n + 1; });
Try it out at our REPL%3B&experimental=true&loose=true&spec=false&playground=false&stage=0) and follow us at @babeljs.
- Packages
- Team
- License
Check out our website: babeljs.io
Looking for support?
For questions and support please visit our discussion forum, sign up for our Slack community, or StackOverflow.
Want to report a bug or request a feature?
Bugs and feature requests can be posted at https://github.com/babel/babel/issues.
We've moved our issues from phabricator back to github issues!
Former phabricator issue URLs now automatically redirect to their corresponding Github issue:
https://phabricator.babeljs.io/T2168 mostly corresponds to https://github.com/babel/babel/issues/2168.
Want to report an issue with babeljs.io (the website)?
For documentation and website issues please visit the babel/website repo.
Want to contribute to Babel?
Check out our CONTRIBUTING.md. If you have already joined Slack, join our #development channel!
You can also start by checking out the issues with the help-wanted label.
Our discussions/notes/roadmap: babel/notes Our progress on TC39 proposals: babel/proposals
The Babel repo is managed as a monorepo that is composed of many npm packages.
Core Packages
Package Version Dependencies
babel-coreis the Babel compiler itself; it exposes the
babel.transformmethod, where
transformedCode = transform(src).code.
The compiler can be broken down into 3 parts:
- The parser:
babylon(moved to a separate repo and versioned independently)
- The transformer[s]: All the plugins/presets
- These all use
babel-traverseto traverse through the AST
- These all use
- The generator:
The flow goes like this:
input string ->
babylonparser ->
AST-> transformer[s] ->
babel-generator-> output string
Check out the
babel-handbookfor more information on this.
Package Version Dependencies
babel-cliis the CLI tool that runs
babel-coreand helps with outputting to a directory, a file, stdout and more (also includes
babel-node). Check out the docs.
babel-typesis used to validate, build and change AST nodes.
babel-polyfillis literally a wrapper around
core-jsand regenerator-runtime. Check out the docs.
babel-runtimeis similar to the polyfill except that it doesn't modify the global scope and is to be used with
babel-plugin-transform-runtime(usually in library/plugin code). Check out the docs.
babel-registeris a way to automatically compile files with Babel on the fly by binding to Node.js
require. Check out the docs.
babel-templateis a helper function that allows constructing AST nodes from a string presentation of the code; this eliminates the tedium of using
babel-typesfor building AST nodes.
babel-helpersis a set of pre-made
babel-templatefunctions that are used in some Babel plugins.
babel-code-frameis a standalone package used to generate errors that print the source code and point to error locations.
After Babel 6, the default transforms were removed; if you don't specify any plugins/presets, Babel will just return the original source code.
The transformer[s] used in Babel are the independent pieces of code that transform specific things. For example: the
es2015-arrow-functionstransform specifically changes arrow functions into regular functions. A preset is simply an array of plugins that make it easier to run a whole a set of transforms without specifying each one manually.
Package Version Dependencies Description
automatically determines plugins and polyfills you need based on your supported environments
You can find community maintained presets on npm
Plugins are the heart of Babel and what make it work.
You can find community plugins on npm.
Transform Plugins
There are many kinds of plugins: ones that convert ES6/ES2015 to ES5, transform to ES3, minification, JSX, flow, experimental features, and more. Check out our website for more.
Syntax Plugins
These just enable the transform plugins to be able to parse certain features (the transform plugins already include the syntax plugins so you don't need both):
babel-plugin-syntax-x. Check out our website for more.
These are mostly for internal use in various plugins:
Core members
| | | | |---|---|---|---| Babel | Daniel Tschinder | Logan Smyth | Henry Zhu | :octocat: @babel | @danez | @loganfsmyth | @hzoo | :bird: @babeljs | @TschinderDaniel | @loganfsmyth | @left_pad |
| | | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Andrew Levine | Boopathi Rajaa | Brian Ng | Dan Harper | Diogo Franco | Aaron Ang | Artem Yavorsky | | @drewml | @boopathi | @existentialism | @danharper | @kovensky | @aaronang | @yavorsky | | @drewml | @heisenbugger | @existentialism | @DanHarper7 | @kovnsk | @_aaronang | @yavorsky_ |
| | | | | | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | Juriy Zaytsev | Kai Cataldo | Moti Zilberman | Sven Sauleau | Samuel Reed | Sergey Rubanov | | @kangax | @kaicataldo | @motiz88 | @xtuc | @STRML | @chicoxyzzy | | @kangax | @kai_cataldo | @motiz88 | @svensauleau | @STRML_ | @chicoxyzzy |
Non-Human Members
| |---| | Babel Bot | | @babel-bot | | @babeljs |
Inactive members
| | | (Creator) | |---|---|---|---| Amjad Masad | James Kyle | Jesse McCarthy | Sebastian McKenzie | @amasad | @thejameskyle | @jmm | @sebmck | | @amasad | @thejameskyle | @mccjm | @kittens
Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities. [Become a backer]
Become a sponsor and get your logo on our README on Github with a link to your site. [Become a sponsor]


text: Australian toy company B&W Character Merchandise released a Sesame Street nightlight in 1985 which depicted Ernie and Bert ready to blast off in a homemade rocket. Add a photo to this gallery Retrieved from "http://muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Sesame_Street_nightlights_(B%26W)?oldid=935231" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: International Sesame Street Housewares


text:
I want to be A Pro Soccer Player
As a kid my favorite sport was always soccer and it was also the only sport that i grew up with. Like how America is big on Football, and Soccer, Nigeria was big on soccer. I played it as a child, and its fun it keeps the body fit. I hope that one day I'll be as good as Messi, who in my eyes is currently the best soccer player. Also as i child i was encoraged to play soccer which is why it is one of my favorite sports.


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Movies: Fear and Loathing, Big Lebowski, Anchorman, Cabin in the Woods, any Tarantino or Wes Anderson, and B-List horror movies.
TV: Scream Queens, House of Lies, American Horror Story, Suits, Archer, Workoholics, Arrested Development, Always Sunny, Shameless, Futurama, 30 Rock, Community. Above all Rick and Morty.
Music: Everything. Everything except Cher.
Road Trips
My Record Collection
Coffee again
And what questions I answered to make this site label me as arrogant.


text:
Floating Candle
Product code: BB006063
To add this product to your wishlist please login
Use this awesome floating candle to make sure the birthday boy/girl stands out in the crowd! Great for those who always insist on not making a fuss of them on their birthday! Pack size 90 x150 x 55mm.


text:
Based in Dublin, Ireland, AYLIEN is a software startup focused on creating intelligent yet simple applications in the news and media space.
For more information, please proceed to our About page.
Founding team
Parsa Ghaffari is an engineer and entrepreneur who proudly calls Dublin, Ireland his second home and headquarters. After graduating with a degree in Process Engineering, Ghaffari co-founded a game design studio in 2009. The success of that venture launched him into the world of entrepreneurship, teaching him valuable lessons that he later used to form the foundation of AYLIEN.
"Parsa Ghaffari is a phenomenal engineer and entrepreneur. Running a cutting edge social networking website in Iran would have been impossible for various reasons, so it's great that he and his team had the courage to leave their home country and relocate to Ireland. We're thankful that the Entrepreneurship Visa, and the Tech Visa, allows Ireland to grab the world's best and brightest, from wherever they come, and give them the opportunity to build world-leading businesses based in Ireland."
"SOSventures is proud to back AYLIEN."
– Sean O'Sullivan, Serial Entrepreneur and Investor
"I'm very excited in what I've seen in the new system Talk.ee from AYLIEN. Sometimes web-based discussion systems like forums and blogs can suffer from a lack of real-time interaction due to their asynchronous nature – so some of the less-discussed topic areas can become dormant over time. But having a system where you can have a more real-time conversation – part internet chat and part discussion form – should provide a hook to keep people interested in the topic."
– John Breslin, Lecturer and Researcher at NUI Galway and the Insight Centre for Data Analytics
Press Releases
Press kit
Including company logo, team photos and product screenshots.
Learn more
To learn more about us, please visit:
For all press and media enquiries, please contact us:


text: What better way to stay cool this summer than with a scoop of this refreshing Pineapple Coconut Lime Sherbet! Easy to make, dairy free and so delicious! Summer has officially arrived and it was not shy about showing off the warm weather yesterday. We got to about 95 degrees and I was feeling the heat….


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NAACP leaders stress importance of election
Posted October 29, 2016
Raleigh, N.C. — With a little more than a week to Election Day, NAACP leaders stress the importance of listening to the candidates.
"It's important that we're able to make informed decisions, that we know where the candidates stand on those issues and how they match up with concerns that are important to us," Hilary Shelton, Director of the NAACP Washington Bureau.
Several candidates from both the Republican and Democratic party were invited to speak at the organizations 73rd Annual State Convention in Raleigh.
Each was given just a few minutes to talk about policy and why they've earned the vote. Not everyone accepted the invitation.
Candidate for U.S. Senate, Richard Burr did not attend.
His opponent, Deborah Ross spoke on social security, minimum wage and a number of other social and economic issues.
"The main things that I've been hearing from people, because I do a lot of listening, is that economic issues are first and foremost in their minds," Ross said.
Gubernatorial incumbent, Governor Pat McCrory, was absent.
His opponent, Roy Cooper, spoke, driving home education.
"We need to invest in public education, all the way from early childhood to our universities, because that is where equal opportunity is created," Cooper said.
Also there to discuss the issues, state Supreme Court candidate Robert Edmunds boasted bipartisan support. State Supreme Court candidate Michael Morgan said he's familiar with the NAACP and the issues that matter to its members.


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i have rpeviously always used wilton pans but i got some (forgot the brand) but they are soooo much nicer. they are also tal enough that i don't have to bake 2 or 3 times for each tier. so i have used the square 10" one quite often and never had problems but i just did a cake with the 10"round and the center never did get done all the way. it was still kinda gooey. i'm baking for another cake this weekend with the square ones, 10" and 8" and i just can't seem to get the center totally done while the top is burning. my 10" one caved in on the top. which was ok because i cut that off but i'm not expereinced with this.
also, i took the 10" out of the pan to torte. the middle was just barely done and the edges were overdone. they were really super hard. i wasn't sure if that's normal but i def thought it would be gross so i shaved the edges all the way around.
what am i doing wrong?
Try using a heating core or a flower nail in the middle of the cake pan before you bake. I prefer flower nails (what you use to pipe buttercream flowers/roses with). I fill my pans with the batter as normal, then I spray the flower nail with some Baker's Joy, then turn it upside down and and stick it into the middle of the pan, then bake. It really does work and helps the cake bake more evenly. Good luck!
I am posting to watch this thread, my round cakes bake fine but I also have issues getting a square cake to cook equally throughout (I do use a heating core).....
they are also tal enough that i don't have to bake 2 or 3 times for each tier.
It sounds like you are using 3" tall pans. If it isn't working for you, there's nothing wrong with baking two 2" tall layers... you might want to go back to your 2" tall pans, or just bake 2" tall layers with your new pans.
Heating core always works for me, and we use the 3" Fat Daddio pans
You also might need to lower your oven temperature and bake the cakes longer. I do this for larger pans.
I use 3in pans and bake at 325 and I never have a problem, maybe try lowering your oven temp
make sure you line your cake properly and cover your cake! i always cut out the shape in baking paper put it on top of the cake once the batter is in and wrap in foil making sure all the sides are covered (i even put a heavy tray on top to keep cake level!) this helps isulate the cake for a little more even cooking, try lowering temperature, not over beating your batter and maybe even the rack that the cake sits on in the oven, some places are better than others for even heat. its all about trial and error but once you have got it you have got it. dont check on your cake until 2/3 way through baking and this can cause the cake to sink. its a pain i know as i have been there done that and sometimes still do! you are not alone


text:
Articles tagged with: Archos
Archos seems to be planning on its next generation of tablet PCs. We don't have many details just yet but AndroidCommunity seems to think that the bee buzzing in the advertisement is representative of Android Honeycomb, and I would have to agree. Supposedly, whatever is going down will be revealed on June 23rd, so stay tuned later this month!
The Archos Arnova 10 Tablet has now become available for purchase, priced as low as $187.66. The budget tablet carries a 10.1 inch resistive touchscreen display with a 1024 x 600 pixel resolution. The tablet also has an integrated webcam for live video chat, USB 2.0 port, and a USB connector. It offers 802.11 b/g WiFi support to connect to the internet.


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
JotForm Support
If you set the Lite Mode =Yes it will put a hint date text default value just like what you see now.
Set the Lite Mode option to NO, and it should remove the default hint date text value.
Let us know if you need further assistance.
Sweet! But all that bangin' my head for nuttin!!! Thanks for your quick response!
JotForm Support
You are quite welcome =) Contact us anytime should you require further assistance on JotForm.


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Girls would you date a guy with self harm scars? These scars are from years and they never went away, but he never did it again would you date him?
Most Helpful Girl
Yes, as long as he was fully recovered
His healed scars would be a sign of his strength of character. I'd admire him for overcoming any issues he's had. I'd know he'd have struggled to get to the stage he's at now.
The past is who he was, the present is who he is now.11|00|0


text: It is a problem if you do not have enough spare time, work all day long and perform your home duties during the weekends. It is another problem, if you have enough spare time but have no idea on how to spend it. You may think that your calm hobbies like reading books, sitting in cafes with your friends or playing scrabble is the right way to relax and restore energy. Okay, you may dose in this calmness for the rest of your life, but I want to offer you something more interesting, nerves tickling and sometimes even dangerous, the kind of activities which will wake you up, charge you with adrenaline and make your weekend or vacation unforgettable!


text:
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Business & Finance
Life Insurance
Life Insurance
answered questions
Parent Category:
Life insurance refers to a contract between the insured and the insurer, where the latter agrees to pay a beneficiary a specific amount of money upon the death of the insured.
If an agent takes your payment but fails to renew your policy is he entitled to keep your money?
Premium Payments No, Under no circumstances may an insurer or agent thereof intentionally "keep" your unearned premium payment. This would be a violation of the agents fuduciary obligations to the insured. However, if there was an outstanding balance due on your previous policy, then they are allowe…
Popularity: 176
Can insurance companies charge a 'policy fee'?
Insurance Policy fees Yes, most insurance contracts have a state approved associated policy fee and in the USA several other government mandated fees and taxes imposed by law that the insuring company must collect for your state. State mandated fees include state run vehicle anti theft programs, va…
Popularity: 263
How much could one save if they list their insurance under their parent's policy rather than getting their own policy?
Answer There is no answer to this question as every insurance risk is unique. Contact your Insurance Agents for a rate comparison.
Popularity: 30
What is the percentage of GAP policies that are paid out?
%REPLIES% Answer I don't know, but, the GAP policy I had used the formula: Outstanding loan balance minus cash value as the beginning of it's calculation. Then it went out to subtract refunds of extended warranties, etc. It really sounds like it is doing the same thing as "regular" insurance…
Popularity: 64
How does the insurance company calculate the amount of premium to refund when a policy is cancelled?
Insurance premiums are calculated for the year. If you cancel your policy refunds are usually issued retroactively. So if you cancel your insurance 6 months into your policy, you wil be refunded for the remaining 6 months. It is usually calculated to a daily value, so you will get a refund for the r…
Popularity: 64
How old do you have to be to have your own insurance policy?
As old as your state says you have to be to own a vehicle and / or drivers license. Check state specific laws and post the answer here for others in the same situation.
Popularity: 45
How can you find out if a person was insured at the time of an accident and what coverages he had?
Contact your state board of insurance and there should be some forms to fill out and WHY you need this information. Generally if you have been in an accident with these people they will help you. Don't forget that if you have been in an accident and they gave you false or fraudelent information to c…
Popularity: 38
If your mom died and she owed more on her car than it is worth and there was no life insurance on the loan who is responsible?
The cosigner if there is one is first to be responsible for the balance of the loan. After that the mom's estate meaning who ever is seeing to her affairs. This can be the relatives or the actual State government. If there was a will, the lender has 6 months to file a judgment in the Surr…
Popularity: 142
How do you find out if someone had a life insurance policy?
In answer to Nicks question, This is a serious issue. It does not fall along the lines of vanishing premium which is generally when the dividends (which are not guaranteed) are used to pay off the annual premium. This can happen and is legit altho many policies were sold that way and poliucy holders…
Popularity: 8
Can your beneficiary collect life-insurance benefits after your suicide?
Life insurance is regulated by the various states, not by the federal government. It is deemed to be contrary to public interest to encourage suicide by making insurance proceeds available to those who see no way out of their financial difficulties. Therefore, insurance companies usually prohibit cl…
Popularity: 428
What if your insurance company goes bankrupt?
The "bankruptcy" of an insurance company is referred to as "insolvency". It is roughly defined as the financial inability to pay claims as they accrue. As a condition of becoming authorized (licensed) to transact insurance business in the company's state of domicile, it is required to pay a portion…
Popularity: 268
What happens to the cash value when you die?
The cash value in any life insurance policy does not belong to the owner of the policy. The cash value is an asset belonging to the insurance company which they will use to pay the claim, which will surely come due, when the insured finally dies. Now if the owner of the policy would relieve the ins…
Popularity: 253
Who can you insure?
Insuring someone Basically you can insure anyone with whom you have an insurable interest. meaning those on whom you have a financial or physical dependency a legal symbioses or interest in and with their permission and knowledge. If the loss of the individual would cause financial or certain other …
Popularity: 215
Can people about to die take out life insurance policies?
But ... here's the issue: Insurance companies may be reluctant to issue a policy. There are, however, companies that WILL do so! The question is, Can you afford the premiums? What would cost you $30 to $80 may end up costing you $900 to $2000 or more. So, it depends on the situation. Try calling som…
Popularity: 215
Are life insurance benefits taxable.?
Death benefits are usually not subject to federal income tax. There are exceptions, though, such as, if the IRS deems your insurance policy to be an investment in disguise. Your insurance agent or accountant should be able to give you guidance.
Popularity: 341
What if the insurance company is no longer in business?
I am sorry for you and your mother's loss. I hope you are doing okay.Take a look at the life insurance policy itself. There should be a phome number and address of the life insurance company stated somewhere on the policy.You can contact the life insurance company and ask who is handling the servici…
Popularity: 207
What is adjustable whole life insurance?
Adjustable whole life insuranceAdjustable whole life insurance allows you to vary your coverage as your insurance needs change. You normally choose the face amount you need and the premium you want to pay, and the company calculates a plan that provides coverage for your request. The result could be…
Popularity: 240
How do you know if a life insurance offer is legitimate?
If you have a question about the validity of the offer you can contact the department of insurance in your state and ask if they have received any complaints regarding this insurance company. Also, if you have an attorney you can have them review the offer and verify its validity. It certai…
Popularity: 200
Will a claim for a smoker be denied if the policy is for a non-smoker?
There is a probationary period from the date that the policy is sold and accepted. If the applicant lied on the insurance form and dies during that period, the insurance company investigates (they always do, to my knowledge, when there is a death), and finds the lie, the company is obligated to pay …
Popularity: 243
Can you surrender a policy without losing too much of your premium payments?
Hi,I don't think there's an easy answer to this question. As I understand it, surrender charges vary widely among insurance companies and might even change over the life of the policy. You'll need to read the fine print of your policy and/or speak to your agent.Click here for more about life insuran…
Popularity: 228
Does the beneficiary have to pay bills left by the insured?
Beneficiary's obligation The beneficiary has no legal obligation to pay the bills solely in the name of the insured.
Popularity: 222
How does a life insurance trust work?
Life insurance trust A life insurance trust is used to remove the assets and death benefit of the life insurance policy out of the insured's estate for estate tax purposes. If the insured were to remain the owner of the policy, the policy procedes would be estate taxable at the time of death. Thi…
Popularity: 244
How do you collect on a life insurance policy?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ A life insurance policy becomes payable only when the person who is designated as the insured dies. The beneficiary is the person, persons or entity to whom or to which proceeds are payable upon…
Popularity: 265
Can you get life insurance completely online?
Yes, as a matter of fact, you can! Assuming you've found a qualified broker that's willing and able to work with you "long distance," you'd simply contact him or her with your request. The broker will walk you through the rest, and all arrangements can be made through telephone and email. IMHO, po…
Popularity: 195
Is there a time limit for claiming life insurance death benefits?
%DETAILS% Answer No. In fact, the benefit will usually grow at interest until the insurance company can locate a beneficiary. One thing that some people don't consider is the fact that often an insured dies and no one knows he had insurance. Since no claim is made, the insurance either assum…
Popularity: 223
Is a parent the beneficiary of their child's life insurance?
Hi Reb, The primary beneficiary is named within the policy document. The primary beneficiary may or may not be the father. If the primary beneficiary is deceased, then check the policy for a named contingent beneficiary. If there are no named beneficiaries living, then the policy proceeds become …
Popularity: 212
How much life insurance should you buy?
One rule of thumb is to buy an amount equal to five to seven times your annual gross income. But the real question is how much your family will need when you're gone. That depends a lot on the family and what stage of life you're at. When you plan to buy a life insurance policy, the factors…
Popularity: 207
What is term life insurance?
Term life insurance is the simplest, and usually the cheapest, form of life insurance. Term life insurance provides protection for a specific period of time. It pays a benefit only if you die during the term. If you are living the policy expires without value. It is sometimes called temporary life …
Popularity: 216
What is decreasing term life insurance?
Decreasing term life insurance is a variety of term insurance in which the death benefit decreases on a scheduled basis. One of the features of term insurance is that, at least when compared to permanent insurance (whole-life), it is relatively inexpensive. In the early years of a decreasing term p…
Popularity: 283
What is mortgage life insurance?
Mortgage insurance is mortgage insurance, usually sold to the applicant at the closing of the purchase of a house. At the title company. It has nothing to do with life insurance, per se, because upon death of the insured, the LOAN is paid off. The survivor RECEIVED NO CHECK. Life insurance, on the …
Popularity: 247
What is variable life insurance?
%REPLIES% Answer Variable life insurance differs from whole life insurance and universal life insurance in that policy owners direct the distribution of their premium payments among several different accounts or funds rather than of the company's choosing. Typical account choices are: …
Popularity: 240
What is variable universal life insurance?
Variable universal life insurance combines the flexibility of a universal life insurance with the investment account features of a variable life insurance. Like variable life insurance, variable universal is considered a security. It can only be sold by agents who have passed the National Associati…
Popularity: 336
What is universal life insurance?
Universal life insurance is a type of whole life insurance. Universal life differs from other whole life policies in that it allows the policy owner to vary, with limitations, the amount and timing of premium payments and the death benefit. These changes can be made while the policy is in effect. …
Popularity: 235
What are vanishing premiums?
%REPLIES% Answer Before it was made illegal, some insurance agents used a sales pitch for universal life insurance that suggested the premiums could vanish. The pitch went like this: You start out by putting a large, lump sum into the universal life policy. The policy has the poten…
Popularity: 220
What is last survivor life insurance?
Last survivor life insurance, or survivorship life insurance, is a type of joint whole life insurance designed mainly for married couples.Federal estate taxes are not collected on property left to a spouse, but when the surviving spouse dies, estate taxes are due and can be very high. A last survivo…
Popularity: 231
What is whole life insurance?
Whole life insurance gives you lifetime coverage at a premium rate that does not increase with your age after you buy. In the early years of the policy, when you're a low risk, you'll pay more in annual premiums than it costs to insure you. As you become a higher risk at an older age, the level pre…
Popularity: 190
What is participating life insurance?
Participating life insurance is what a policy is called when the agent gives the pitch that sounds like "and when the company makes enough surplus money, we will return (or share) some of that money with you in the form of dividends". I once saw a check for about $1.73 that a friend received, and t…
Popularity: 206
What is permanent life insurance?
Answer Permanent life insurance is another name for whole life insurance. It provides permanent, lifelong protection. This distinguishes it from term life insurance. Click here for more about permanent life insurance including its advantages and disadvantages. A permanent life insurance policy …
Popularity: 204
Should you switch term life insurance companies every couple of years to save on premiums?
The idea to save on premiums by switching over to various term life insurance companies is totally childish and counter productive. Continuation with a single term insurance service provider is what is advised. With each switch over, there is the question of premium acceleration as age increases, fo…
Popularity: 279
How can you save money on life insurance?
Shop around to obtain quotes from many different life insurance companies. Prices vary wildly among competing life insurance companies, plus they all rate a little differently depending upon your weight, personal health history, family health history, financial need and dangerous hobbies. Each of th…
Popularity: 171
Can the IRS seize life insurance benefits?
You should have your mother leave the insurance to a trust and then you or your family as trustee, then the IRS cannot get to the money since it will not be yours. Additionally you may receive income from the trust. Your family could "spoon feed" you. You should consult an ESTATE PLANNING attorney …
Popularity: 227
Can the beneficiary named on a life insurance policy be changed by a court?
Sure it can, provided the court has sufficient proof to esablish doing so would be in everyone, particularly the children's best interest. This might be possible, but if so it's done very, very rarely. I have never heard of it. A court might pressure the policy owner to change the beneficia…
Popularity: 236
Why would interest no longer cover payments on a life insurance policy?
%DETAILS% Answer When your policy was issued, a lot of things were different. First, you were 30 years younger and Second (and more importantly here) interest rates were higher than they are today. The only thing any of us knows about the future is that it will be different than today. When i…
Popularity: 166
What does it mean to have 1000 dollars in basic life insurance?
%DETAILS% Answer This is why people need to have an agent they can talk to and trust. The agent can answer this question immediately. If you own a life policy that has the word "Accident" or "Accidental" in it's name, that means it will ONLY pay if you die in an accident. The much smaller ba…
Popularity: 198
Can you get life insurance for your child's father if you are not married?
Yes you can. To get insurance, insurance companies, want to see an "insurable interest." Since he is the father of your child, you have an insurable interest on him.
Popularity: 219
Can you get life insurance for your terminally ill parent?
Many cancer patients can, indeed, find affordable life insurance coverage. How? The key is finding a knowledgeable broker with experience in placing tough cases. Yes, you can get a "graded life" policy for up to $50,000. You maybe able to get more than one such policy. This means that the company on…
Popularity: 255
Does a life insurance have to prove that premiums were not paid?
No. How can they prove that nothing was received, if nothing was received? The person who was supposed to pay for the policy should have cancelled checks or bank statements indicating that premiums were paid.
Popularity: 206
Is it legal for US companies to sell life insurance outside the US?
All you need is to contact Conseco - Why is finding the agent relevant?US Companies sell ALL over the world... The question is if TAIWAN allows them to sell in THEIR country. Even if they sold you a policy in violation of Taiwanese Law - I'm sure they will still honor their contract. Contact Conseco…
Popularity: 148
If you cash in a universal life policy do you receive the Net Policy Value or Net Cash Surrender Value?
Typically it is called "Net Cash Surrender Value". This is the amount of cash value in the policy accumulation account minus any outstanding loans etc. But it is typically referred to as "Net surrender Value" or "Net Cash Surrender Value". Get a good agent and he can explain.
Popularity: 237
Who gets the insurance if the beneficiary cannot be found?
Normally, when one buys an insurance policy a primary beneficiary is designated, as is a "contingent" beneficiary. The latter is second in line to get the proceeds if the primary beneficiary predeceases the insured and the insured does not name a new primary beneficiary. Another circumstance for the…
Popularity: 199
What do you do if you have a policy with a company that has declared bankruptcy?
%DETAILS% Answer Contact the Insurance Commissioner, they probably had the company taken over by another company.
Popularity: 184
Can you change a life insurance policy?
If you are not working with an agent for the company that issued the policy, you need to locate one. An agent can effectively explain what your options are. What you can change about the policy, and if any changes are possible depends on what you want to change, and who you are in relation to the po…
Popularity: 173
Who determines if a questionable death is suicide?
The coroner or the State/Count Medical Examiner would make the initial determination. This is done at the local level.COD may also be declared as undetermined, in which case the local authorities may or may not bring in outside help in order to assist in this determination.
Popularity: 207
How can you find out if you are the beneficiary on a policy?
Beneficiaries You need to contact the insurance company to find out. Unfortunately, there is no easy way to find out what insurance company, if any, the person was using. But here are a few hints: If you have access to the person's records, look through the files for a copy of the policy or…
Popularity: 239
Where to find quotes for a life insurance 10K dollars or less policy?
Money 101 life insurance There are many companies selling life insurance on the Web, that will give free quotes and advice. The key to buying is to shop by price and by the company's rating. Several agencies, including Standard & Poor's and A.M. Best, rate insurers on their claims-paying a…
Popularity: 173
Can a life insurance company change the beneficiary?
The only person who can materially change an insurance policy (including beneficiary changes) is the OWNER of the policy, who may or may not be the INSURED. The company does not have right to make a beneficiary change under federal law. In any case, beneficiary disputes are not uncommon.…
Popularity: 174
Can insurance be paid to beneficiaries in the case of suicide?
Benefits may be payable if the insured commits suicide, but it depends upon the terms of the policy. Because the contract terms govern the conditions upon which the insurer is obliged to pay, the beneficiaries have no greater rights to payment than those set forth in the policy, and are subject to a…
Popularity: 97
Does a drug overdose break a life insurance policy?
A drug overdose does not break a life insurance policy.
Popularity: 233
How long does an employer or insurance company have to notify beneficiaries of a policy when one of their employees dies?
Life InsuranceWhy would you wait? Notify them! I would think wifey would know that Hubby deceased already.
Popularity: 85
What should you do if the life insurance company denied you the claim money saying the application submitted was untrue about the insured's health?
An insurance company makes a decision to issue coverage based on the answers on the application, the company's underwriting guidelines and medical information they may receive from an attending physician's report or even blood and urine samples and test results. If an applicant or insured person mak…
Popularity: 173
If death occurs on a Term Life policy is the remaining payment amount deducted from what it is written for?
No No is correct. Let's look at it this way. Suppose today you buy a term policy for $100,000 and pay the full years premium up front of $300. Exactly 6 months to the date of issue you die, your beneficiary would receive $100,150 which is inclusive of the $100,000 death benefit plus $150 (1…
Popularity: 163
Does the life insurance beneficiary get both the cash value and the face amount?
Not usually, though I can't say that it is impossible. Life insurance is not regulated like car and home so one particular company could promise you that.Generally the cash value is if the insured cashes in the policy and the face amount is paid to the beneficiary when the insured dies.I was a life …
Popularity: 86
Are the proceeds of a life insurance policy taxable?
They are usually not subject to Income Taxes, but may be subject to Estate Taxes. It would be VERY unusual for income taxes to be due. Federal estate taxes are not an issue if you are of modest means, but your state may have estate, inheritance, or death taxes that could impact most anyone.
Popularity: 144
How and when can you cash in part of your life insurance policy?
Hi David,Redeeming cash can be accomplished through a simple phone call to the policyholder service department of your company. It can be done as soon as cash has accumulated, but must be done in full recognition of the impact the loss of cash will have on both the cash account and the survivor bene…
Popularity: 78
What happens if the beneficiary of a life insurance policy is deceased?
Generally, if the beneficiary is deceased, the proceeds go to the contingent beneficiary, or if none, to the estate of the insured. An attorney must be consulted to direct you on how to handle this in your state. It depends on whether the beneficiary predeceased the insured. If the benefici…
Popularity: 98
With a term policy does the life insurance company notify the beneficiary of your death and their benefit if the beneficiary is unaware of the insurance?
As with all life policies, when the insurance company is notified of the death of the insured, they will make every effort to locate the beneficiaries based on what information has been supplied to them by the owner/insured of the policy. However, if they are unable to locate a beneficiary, they ar…
Popularity: 78
Can you insure your mother-in-law without her being informed?
Can you show an insurable interest? That is, do you have an economic loss if she dies? Estate Taxes?There are specialty companies that do this. The insurance company is going to call her. Won't she become curious when they start poking her with needles to draw blood and ask all those questi…
Popularity: 112
How long does it take for cash to accumulate in your life insurance policy?
You have to check the illustration or cash value table. Maybe 3 years. For more info see www.steveshorr.com/life.htm
Popularity: 112
Can any liens be put on the life insurance policy of the deceased for medical or other bills?
Not with a properly named beneficiary.If the beneficiary is the owner can the life insurance policy be attached by a lien? If the person is deceased than you now have the money. I guess it depends on what entity is putting a lien on. Certainly the IRS can do anything they wish. I don't think any oth…
Popularity: 104
Can you get life insurance for your father if he was recently diagnosed with ALS?
There are always Guaranteed Issue Policies, limited benefits the first 3 years.Contact an agent, complete an application and see where it goes.
Popularity: 102
What is the different between whole life and flexible universal policy?
Both whole life and universal life have cash values. For Whole Life -Picture a rectangle/box with a line from the bottom left corner going up to the top right corner. Everything under the line is your cash value or savings in your life insurance. The entire box is equal to your coverage amount. When…
Popularity: 95
How do you find out if someone has a life insurance policy on you?
If you feel that someone has fraudulently placed an insurance policy on you, please contact the Medical Information Bureau by going to www.mib.com. They have a fraud investigation department. The only way someone can have a life insurance policy on you is if you signed an application giving your …
Popularity: 780
Does the beneficiary get paid if the insurance company did an exam on the insured prior to issuing a life insurance policy but the insured dies due to a liver cancer in the first two years?
Did the insured know he had any issues with cancer? For more info. see http://www.steveshorr.com/wrong.or.imcopmplet.info..htm
Popularity: 59
Can there be more than one beneficiary on a life insurance policy and if so can a percentage of value of the policy be set per beneficiary?
The answer is yes to both of your questions.
Popularity: 71
Who collects when a policy was taken out on children by one parent and the beneficiary has recently passed away?
%FOLLOWUPS% hopefully the beneficiary had a trust or a will
Popularity: 75
If you are named beneficiary and a family member makes a claim why can insurance company file an interpleader action?
Because the Insurance Company doesn't want to be in the middle of it.interpleader n. the procedure when two parties are involved in a lawsuit over the right to collect a debt from a third party, who admits the money is owed but does not know which person to pay. The debtor deposits the funds with th…
Popularity: 88
If you are listed in a life insurance policy as a beneficiary along with a person that is deceased. Who is awarded the benefits?
You are very entitled. But they do not have to tell any information about the policy, without consent of the insured.Yes, if the insured person has passed and you are the beneficiary, you should call the insurance company and go through their steps to claim the benefit. It is the responsibility of s…
Popularity: 85
Can an adult child insure the parent without their knowledge?
Yes,life insurance can be obtained by any one for anyone.Its kinda sad.
Popularity: 88
Can life insurance be taken out on another person legally and does the other person have to be notified about the policy?
Yes, insurance can be taken out on anyone. NO, NO, NO and NO! It is not legal to take out life insurance on someone else, unaware and who has not authorized such for the purpose of naming youself as the payoff collector or benneficiary rather.However that does not mean people do not do it e…
Popularity: 86
Can you get insurance on a brother who is terminally ill?
Traditional life insurance is not available for people with terminal illness. In some cases, a Graded Death Benefit life insurance policy may be available. With this type of policy, if the insured dies during the first few years, the insurance company will only pay back the premiums paid plus inter…
Popularity: 77
If you were a non-smoker when you bought a policy but now occasionally smoke a cigar would this raise your rates?
It isn't a problem with most insurance companies. The life insurance company is stuck with the policy and must pay the full claim, as long as the applicant did not lie during the application process. By the way, smokers should always tell the truth, when applying for life insurance. Smokers can fi…
Popularity: 76
Can a minor be a beneficiary of a life insurance policy?
The problem is a minor can't sign a binding contract, so when the company pays off, his signature doesn't agree that he's been paid. The best thing to do is make a trust or leave the $$$ to a guardian.
Popularity: 77
Can the new spouse try to claim insurance money stating it was joint vested monies?
Only the owner of the policy may access the cash. Only the named beneficiaries may receive the death proceeds. This is not to say that a spouse would not go after a cash value in a divorce. I am not sure what the legal issues would be at that point...but a new spouse? How could she have any claim? B…
Popularity: 74
Could an insurance claim be denied if you state in the application that you are a citizen or resident of the U.S. when you are not?
Possibly. Depending on the conditions of your policy, the claim may be denied or only paid a rediculously small fraction such as 8-10% of the premium value. Any part of an application for life insurance that can be proven to be a lie can void the policy. Companies that I know of will refund prem…
Popularity: 83
How much time must pass before a policy becomes effective once a policy has begun?
As long as the questions were answered honestly IMMEDIATELY
Popularity: 70
Can the insured's child catch up on missed payments for the insured if he or she is dying?
Yes, as long as the policy is still in force. If the insured or owner of the policy is able to make changes to the policy (i.e. sign change form), it would probably be wise to have whoever the payor will be added to the policy. While your at it, make sure all the beneficaries (Primary and secondary)…
Popularity: 73
If you and your wife are 27 years old and looking to purchase term life insurance do you need a 20 or 30 year policy?
It depends on WHY you want the coverage.Do you have children? How old are they?What about your Mortagage?Do you have Estate Tax Issues?Who will be financially impacted by your death? For how long?If you buy a 30 year policy - you can let it cancel anytime a premium is due. Do you think term…
Popularity: 75
Where could a surviving stroke patient get life insurance?
Colonial Penn is always the best company to turn to when you have someone who is ill. I'm an independent life insurance broker specializing in final expense policies issued without a medical exam, but using the Medical Information Bureau, prescription drug check and telephone interview. Once you are…
Popularity: 107
Can an ex-husband be insured to protect a 14 year alimony payment in case of his death before the 14 years are up?
Yes. If he agrees to it and someone pays the premium. It's an excellent procedure (opinion).
Popularity: 65
How do you find out if you are a beneficiary of your deceased father's insurance policy?
Try reviewing this article http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/Insurance/Insureyourlife/P35421.aspalso visit www.steveshorr.com/life.htm
Popularity: 77
If you surrender a Universal Life insurance policy and receive the cash surrender value is the amount considered pre-tax or post-tax?
Since you paid it with after tax $$$ any money you receive would not be taxable, UNTIL it's more than what you paid into it. In that case, it might be better to take loans.
Popularity: 78
What happens if the beneficiary of a life insurance policy has passed away leaving no will?
%DETAILS% Answer My uncle was beneficiary on his mother's policy and has since passed away leaving no named beneficiary, so do the proceeds get distributed pursuant to the will? Yes Otherwise, check the rules for your state on "intestate" sucession. Answer This situation is wh…
Popularity: 69
Can a wife take out a life insurance on her husband and name herself as the beneficiary and keep that policy in effect after a divorce?
Yes. However, who will be the owner of the policy? The husband would have to sign the application and take the exams.
Popularity: 71
In the state of New Jersey can a husband take his wife off of his life insurance policy as beneficiary without her knowledge or signature?
Generally no. The insured must generally sign the application and take a physical. There are a FEW speciality policies that might do this. Here's ONE. http://www.piu.org/pdf/Confidential%20Life%20501.pdf It won't do spouses though.For more info see www.SteveShorr.com/life.htmOf course he can take he…
Popularity: 39
How can you find out if one parent has taken out life insurance on a child without the other one knowing?
Check out these linksArticle on Money Central http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/Insurance/Insureyourlife/P35421.aspMIB Policy Locator http://www.mib.com/html/lost-life-insurance.htmlInsurance Institute Suggestions http://www.iii.org/individuals/life/help/locatelost/for more info see www.steveshorr…
Popularity: 70
How can you find out if someone has purchased life insurance in your name or in the name of your child?
Ask them. Sounds simple but there is no one central repository of insurance policy information in the U.S.So if the policy buyer didn't tell you about the policy then it did them no good to buy it because unless you know about it then your heirs can't make a claim even if the policy was good.
Popularity: 103
If you bought a 10K dollar whole life policy in 1959 and took a 5K loan in 1994 can you reduce the policy to 5K and eliminate the loan?
I doubt it. Have you been paying the interest? Call the company and see.
Popularity: 44
What is better Variable Universal Life or Universal Life?
Answer Without knowing your circumstances, wants, needs and desires - the question can't be answered. I would suggest that you get proposals for both and then make a decesion. Answer I agree with the previous person's answer. Generally speaking, Variable has a higher upside potential but no …
Popularity: 75
What are the health questions asked in order to get life insurance?
In my opinion, that's a "dead end" question. What medical issues do you have? Then I as an Agent can help you get the coverage you need. Even if they don't specifically ask about your condition if you have something - the company probably should know about it. Click here for information on what hap…
Popularity: 60
Can you combine two life insurance policies?
No. If you have two policies from the same company, the agent made more commission than would otherwise on a single policy.There are however very good reasons to have more than one policy. Policy for the family and another for a business.The second policy's insurance value can be added to the first …
Popularity: 65


text:
Classic Golf is a game for the rich, at least because it requires a great deal of space - all fields in which special joy ride on golf carts, but still rich in the minority, so there was a smaller version of what is happening - mini-golf! It does not require much space and some even more interesting moments of the original. Game Mini Golf Club 2 on Android just talk about such a "small" golf. This is the second part of the game, though it is worth noting that the first was not very popular, so the developers have taken it, and did worse than rolled out on the market, see what came out of it ...
A bold decision by the developers of the second part is that they have a good plan and made it the first bad, I would say schematic. The game is somewhat similar to billiards in the oldest consoles ... For example, the physics in this approach was the better, say the game can run on slower devices, but look at it this clearly was pleasant. Fortunately, that their project was completely free with a minimum Donato, that somehow justify the situation. In addition to the mark remained sound and study locations, which has become even more so if such a schedule you quite happy, then do what you will, and it stretched for a long time.
Disadvantages of the game:
Bottom line: if the game Mini Golf Club 2 for android schedule ceteris paribus remained at least the first part, the success would have been assured to her, at the same time, with the appearance of the game is not exactly far gone.
v1.10 - 28 Sep, 2015
- Added 18 new levels (Course 28-29)
- Minor bug fixes and improvements
|date of download
|The size
| It is suspected virus (1)
Qihoo-360 → Adware.Android.Gen
|Before installing an application, check the report to virtustotal.com site and make sure that the application will not cause damage to your device.
|inspection date
| View report
(Proverechno using the service virtustotal.com)
| full network access
Allows the app to create network sockets and use custom network protocols. The browser and other applications provide means to send data to the internet, so this permission is not required to send data to the internet.
| view network connections
Allows the app to view information about network connections such as which networks exist and are connected.
| prevent device from sleeping
Allows the app to prevent the device from going to sleep.
| modify or delete the contents of your USB storage
Allows the app to write to the USB storage.
| read phone status and identity
Allows the app to access the phone features of the device. This permission allows the app to determine the phone number and device IDs, whether a call is active, and the remote number connected by a call.
Attention! All files represented on this site either were found freely distributed on the internet or by their authors' permission. If any of materials on this site violates your rights, report us
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text:
Netmon is a simple program designed to return interface counters in a simple format that can easily be used by MRTG. This program was written primarily so that shell scripts would not have to be called from MRTG configurations to get interface stats. Netmon can be configured to log directly to a database.
|Networking Monitoring Internet Web Site Management
A Fluent OpenStack client API for Java.
A TWiki appliance that is easy to use and lightweight.


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Community Health India at Wikia
Welcome to the Community Health India mini wiki at Scratchpad!
You can use the box below to create new pages for this mini-wiki. Make sure you type
[[Category:Community Health India]] on the page before you save it to make it part of the Community Health India wiki (preload can be enabled to automate this task, by clicking this link and saving that page. Afterwards, you may need to purge this page, if you still see this message).
In the last few years the field of Community Health in India and all across the globe has undergone a radical paradigm shift. The failure to achieve Health For All by 2000 has highlighted the need to understand and act upon the social, economic, political and cultural determinants of health.
This wiki is intended to be an online resource of this newer understanding of Community Health especially with regard to the Indian health scenario.