text:
Most of us and our organizations are sales-centric in the sense that generating a robust sales pipeline, maintaining the suspect to prospect and prospect to customer conversion ratio are considered key to an organizations viability and financial health. While carrying out such activities, we also do regular projections based on a most used forecasting methodology called "weighted revenue" which is essentially a product of the sum of opportunity pipeline and a probability factor.
Despite being the most used and most relied metric, "weighted revenue" is also highly skewed. Such projections are also essentially to be based on other factors rather than applying the above methodology :
- Type of Customer (Existing / New)
- Type of Sale (Product / Service)
- Historical Win / Loss Ratio on each Geography / Product / Service line
- Last but not least is the Sales Team's ability to close the deal – a derivative of the win / loss ratio
It is amazing that this forecasting methodology is still being considered a key metric and many CRM tool vendors also embed this approach in their software too.
Dave's and Anthony's blog post on the similar subject is worth reading. The emphasis is on coming up with a more practical and relevant forecasting methodology which would provide the real sense of comfort of those who run the business.


text:
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Summer Workout Tips | Popsugar Fitness
Go early, or schedule a predinner jog to stay safe and hydrated. Drink early (and often): Before a hot-weather workout, you've got to get ready to sweat. Drink 15 to 20 ounces of water an hour or two before your workout so you're not filled with liquid when you start out that can lead to uncomfortable cramps that can also put a damper on your workout. Bring along a water bottle or FuelBelt, and sip six to eight ounces of water every 15 minutes if you're sweating a lot. Protect yourself: Staying out of the sun doesn't exactly work when you've got a six-miler ahead of you. Minimize damage by always slathering on sunscreen (check out the safest sunscreen picks here ) and wearing a hat or visor as well as sunglasses that don't slip off when you move. You can also look for well-ventilated gear with UPF to further deflect those hot rays. Cool off: Speaking of gear, you should become very familiar with the word "sweat-wicking." Showing up in old, all-cotton clothes when temps are high can leave you a sopping mess just minutes into your workout.
Full story: http://www.fitsugar.com/summer-workout-tips-34978599
02:22:44 am . 23 Jun 2014


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 8, 2010
|Filing date
|Dec 17, 2004
|Priority date
|Jul 24, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Kenneth Brian Wood
|Original Assignee
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (101), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (5), Classifications (17), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/537,243, filed Mar. 28, 2000, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,977,109; which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/122,240, filed Jul. 24, 1998, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,617,002, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
The present invention generally relates to sound absorption and, more particularly, to microperforated polymeric films for sound absorption and sound absorbers using such films.
Sound absorbers have been widely used in a number of different disciplines for absorbing sound. The most common sound absorbers are fiber-based and use fibrous materials such as fiberglass, open-cell polymeric foams, fibrous spray-on materials often derived from polyurethanes, and acoustic tile (an agglomerate of fibrous and/or particulate materials). Such fibrous-based sound absorbers rely on frictional dissipation of sound energy in interstitial spaces and can advantageously provide relatively broad-band sound absorption. Despite their advantages in broad-band absorption, fiber-based sound absorbers have significant inherent disadvantages. Such sound absorbers can readily release particulate matter and deleteriously degrade the air quality of the surrounding environment. Some fiber-based sound absorbers are also sensitive to heat or fire and/or require expensive treatment to provide heat/fire resistance. Consequently, fiber-based sound absorbers are of limited use in many environments.
Perforated sheets have also been used in sound absorbers. Typically, these sheets include relatively thick perforated material, such as metal, having relatively large hole diameters (e.g., greater than 1 mm hole diameters). The perforated sheets are commonly used in two manners. They are often used alone with a reflective surface to provide narrow band sound absorption for relatively tonal sounds. They are also used as facings for fibrous materials to provide sound absorption over a wider spectrum. In the later case, the perforated sheets typically serve as protection, with the fibrous materials providing the sound absorption. Microperforated, sheet-based sound absorbers have also been suggested for sound absorption. Conventional micro perforated sheet-based sound absorbers use either relatively thick (e.g., greater than 2 mm) and stiff perforated sheets of metal or glass or thinner perforated sheets which are provided externally supported or stiffened with reinforcing strips to eliminate vibration of the sheet when subject to incident sound waves.
Fuchs, U.S. Pat. No. 5,700,527, for example, teaches a sound absorber using relatively thick and stiff perforated sheets of 2-20 millimeter glass or synthetic glass. Fuchs suggests using thinner sheets (e.g., 0.2 mm thick) of relatively stiff synthetic glass provided the sheets are reinforced with thickening or glued on strips in such a manner that incident sound cannot exite the sheets to vibrate. In this case the thin, reinforced sheet is positioned 24 inches from an underlying reflective surface. Mnich, U.S. Pat. No. 5,653,386, teaches a method of repairing sound attenuation structures for aircraft engines. The sound attenuation structures commonly include an aluminum honeycomb core having an imperforate backing sheet on one side, a perforated sheet of aluminum (with aperture diameters of about 0.039 to 0.09 inches) adhered to the other side, and a porous wire cloth adhesively bonded to the perforated aluminum sheet. According to Mnich, the sound attenuation structure may be repaired by removing a damaged portion of the wire cloth and adhesively bonding a microperforated plastic sheet to the underlying perforated aluminum sheet. In this manner, the microperforated plastic sheet is externally supported by the perforated aluminum sheet to form a composite, laminated structure which provides similar sound absorption as the original wire cloth/perforated sheet laminated structure.
While these perforated sheet-based sound absorbers may overcome some of the inherent disadvantages of fiber-based sound absorbers, they are expensive and/or of limited use in many applications. For instance, the use of very thick and/or very stiff materials or use of thickening strips or external support for the perforated sheets limits the use of sound absorbers using such sheets. The necessary thickness/stiffness or strips/external support also makes the perforated sheets expensive to manufacture. Finally, the perforated sheets must be provided with expensive narrow diameter perforations or else used in limited situations involving tonal sound. For example, to achieve broad-band sound absorption, conventional perforated sheets must be provided with perforations having high aspect ratios (hole depth to hole diameter ratios). However, the punching, stamping or laser drilling techniques used to form such small hole diameters are very expensive. Accordingly, the sound absorption industry still seeks sound absorbers which are inexpensive and capable of wide use. The present invention solves these as well as other needs.
The present invention generally provides a process of forming a microperforated plastic film. In one embodiment, the steps include providing a post tool having multiple posts shaped and arranged to provide microperforations that provide a particular sound absorption spectrum. The plastic is brought into contact with the post tool such that the plastic conforms to the shape of the posts. The plastic is solidified into a solidified plastic film having microperforations in the shape of the posts. Any skins formed over the holes after solidifying the plastic are then displaced.
In one embodiment, the microperforations have a narrowest diameter of 20 mils or less. In one embodiment, the microperforations have a widest diameter that is less than a film thickness. In one embodiment, the steps further include selectively controlling the properties of the plastic to control a response of the film to incident sound. A process may further including using additives in the plastic that vary the properties of the film. The additives may be used to maintain a uniform thickness of the film.
In another process according to the present invention, a microperforated plastic film is formed with microperforations having a narrowest diameter of 20 mils or less by providing a post tool having multiple posts, bringing plastic into contact with the post tool such that the plastic conforms to the shape of the posts, and solidifying the plastic into a solidified plastic film having a plurality of microperforations in the shape of the posts. In this embodiment, the microperforations each have a narrowest diameter of 20 mils or less, the narrowest diameter less than a film thickness, and a widest diameter greater than the narrowest diameter. The widest diameter is about 125% or more of the narrowest diameter. Another step in this process is displacing any skins formed over the holes after solidifying the plastic.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The Figures and the detailed description which follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
α(f)=1−A ref(f)/A inc(f) [1]
where Ainc(f) is the incident amplitude of sound waves at frequency f, and Aref(f) is the reflected amplitude of sound waves at frequency f. The sound absorption spectrum 200 generally includes a peak absorption coefficient (αp) at frequency Fp in a primary peak 202, a secondary peak 204, and a nodal frequency Fn between the primary and secondary peaks 202 and 204 at which the absorption coefficient α reaches a relative minimum. The quality or performance of the sound absorption spectrum may be characterized using the frequency range f1 to f2 over which the absorption coefficient α meets or exceeds 0.4 and the frequency range f2 to f3 between the primary peak 202 and secondary peak 204 over which the absorption coefficient α falls below 0.4. Typically, it is desired to maximize the primary peak breadth ratio f2/f1 (Rp) and minimize the primary node breadth ratio f3/f2 (Rn).
As can be seen from
The microperforated polymeric film 410 may be disposed near the reflecting surface 420 in a number of different manners. For example, the film 410 may be attached to a structure which includes the reflecting surface 420. In this case, the film 410 may be attached on its edges and/or its interior. The film 410 may also be hung, similar to a drape, from a structure near the reflecting surface 420. Advantageously, the structure may allow the microperforated film 410 to span relatively large areas without external support. While, in some instances, the free spanning portion(s) (i.e., the dimension of the film over which the film is not in contact with an external structure) of the film vibrates in response to incident sound waves, it has been found that the vibration, if any, may fail to significantly impact sound absorption. By way of example and not of limitation, suitable free span portions may range from about 100 mils (2.5 mm) on up, with the upper limit being delineated solely by the surrounding environment. Moreover, while the illustrated reflecting surface 420 is flat, the invention is not so limited. The contour of the reflecting surface 420 can vary depending on the application.
As noted above, a number of factors affect the sound absorption characteristics of a sound absorber. This embodiment primarily concerns the characteristics of the microperforated film 410 including the shape of the holes as well as physical properties of the film. Other factors such as hole spacing, cavity depth and reflective surface 420 characteristics may be optimized for the particular application. For example, the cavity depth and/or reflecting surface 420 may be adjusted to optimize the sound absorption spectrum for any particular type of microperforated polymeric film. For the frequency range most commonly of interest in sound absorption (roughly 100-10000 Hz), an average cavity depth of between 0.25 inches and 6 inches may be chosen. Variable cavity depths may be used in order to broaden the sound absorption spectrum. Also, in some instances, particularly involving non-normal sound incidence, it may be useful to partition the backing cavity. Hole spacing can also be varied to optimize the sound absorption spectrum for a given microperforated polymeric film. For many applications, hole spacing will typically range from about 100 to 4,000 holes/square inch. The particular hole pattern may be selected as desired. For example, a square array may be used; alternatively, a staggered array (for example, a hexagonal array) may be used, in order to provide for improved tear strength of the microperforated film. The hole size and/or spacing may also vary over the film if desired.
With regard to the holes 412, the holes 412 typically have a narrowest diameter less than the film thickness and typically less than 20 mils. The hole shape and cross-section can vary. The cross-section of the hole 600 may be circular, square, hexagonal and so forth, for example. For non-circular holes, the term diameter is used herein to refer to the diameter of a circle having the equivalent area as the non-circular cross-section. The holes 412 may have relatively constant cross-sections over their lengths similar to conventional techniques. In accordance with one embodiment, the holes 412 have a varying diameter ranging from a narrowest diameter less than a film thickness to a widest diameter. While by no means exhaustive, illustrative hole shapes are shown in
The exemplary hole 600 typically includes generally tapered edges 606 which, near the narrowest diameter 602, form a lip 608. The lip 608, as will be discussed below, can result from the manufacturing process (e.g., during displacement of a thin skin). The lip 608, while typically somewhat ragged, typically has a length l of 4 mils or less and more often about 1 mil over which the average diameter is about equal to the narrowest diameter 602. The dimensions of the narrowest diameter 602 and widest diameter 604 of the hole 600 can vary, which in turn, affect the slope of the tapered edges 606. As noted above, the narrowest diameter 602 is typically less than the film thickness and may, for example, be about 50% or less or even 35% or less of the film thickness tf. In absolute terms, the narrowest diameter may, for example, be 20 mils or less, 10 mils or less, 6 mils or less and even 4 mils or less, as desired. The widest diameter 604 may be less than, greater than, or equal to the film thickness tf. In certain embodiments, the widest diameter ranges from about 125% to 300% of the narrowest diameter 602.
The exemplary hole 600 provides significant advantages over conventional perforations both as a result of the high aspect ratio and other features of its shape. Illustrating the advantages,
The providing of high film thickness relative to effective hole length provides tremendous advantages. For instance, the acoustic performance of a short hole length can be combined with the strength and durability of a thick film if desired. This provides several practical advantages. For example, for a straight-wall hole having a length of 10 mils and a diameter of 4 mil, an optimum hole spacing (e.g.,
The physical characteristics of the microperforated polymeric film 410, such as the film thickness, surface density, and bending stiffness can also vary depending on the application for which the sound absorber is designed. In particular, the physical characteristics of the film may, in some cases, allow the film to vibrate in response to incident sound or, on the other hand, may be selected to reduce vibration or alter the frequency of film vibration without the expense of adding thickening strips or glued-on strips to the polymeric film. For example, as will be discussed below, additives may be included in the polymer to vary desired physical characteristics of the film 410 to reduce film vibration or shift the resonant frequency of the film 410 to a frequency out of the range of interest. The use of additives can, for example, modify the film vibration characteristics while still providing a microperforated polymeric film with a substantially uniform thickness (e.g., no discrete strips of material).
The microperforated polymeric film 410 may further be formed from extremely flexible film (e.g., having a bending stiffness on the order of 105 dyne-cm or less) and still provide adequate sound absorption without requiring substantial external support or thickening strips. Depending on the application, a film of lower bending stiffness may even perform better than a stiffer film.
While film vibration, even at the fundamental resonant frequency, may not substantially impact sound absorption, in some instances it may be desirable to reduce the amplitude of film vibration at a given frequency, shift the fundamental resonant frequency of the film, or arrange the film in such a configuration that resonant motion of the film is unlikely to occur in the frequency range of interest. The invention provides for varying the physical characteristics of polymeric film to achieve such modifications without using stiffening strips as suggested in the art. Vibration of microperforated polymeric film is complex and depends on a number of different factors, including the air pathway provided by the microperforations as well as film bending stiffness, film mass or surface density, film loss factor (i.e., ratio of film loss modulus to elastic modulus), and boundary conditions, such as how the film is supported. A solid material such as a film or panel may exhibit different responses to incident sound, as a function of material properties and frequency, as shown in
Taking into account the various modes of behavior, the properties of a microperforated film may be selectively varied so as to modify the impact of film vibration on the sound absorption spectrum of the film. For example, the bending stiffness of the film may play a primary role if the film is arranged in such a manner as to operate in the stiffness controlled regime. Ignoring the small holes, bending stiffness (Bs) of a film follows the relationship:
B s =F m/(12t 3) [2]
where Fm is the film flexural modulus and t is the thickness. Varying the modulus and/or the film thickness can vary the bending stiffness and shift the resonant frequency. Lowering the bending stiffness by reducing the thickness of the film shifts the resonant frequency of the film lower. A comparison of
While varying the film bending stiffness can shift the frequency of the notch in the sound absorption spectrum (as shown above), it may also affect the magnitude of the notch. For example, the notch 1020 in
In view of the above discussion the bending stiffness may be manipulated so as to shift the frequency of, or alter the magnitude of, the films fundamental resonance frequency. In fact, the bending stiffness may be selected so that the film's fundamental resonance occurs at such a low frequency that the film operates in a mass-controlled manner in the audible range. Finally, the bending stiffness may be selected such that the film's critical frequency is far above the audible range. It is further noted that film of very low bending stiffness (e.g., <105 dyne-cm) provide good performance in contrast to the teaching in the art. In further contrast with the art, limp and flexible films of very low bending stiffness may be superior to those of higher bending stiffness. For example, films of the present invention are unlikely to exhibit a critical-frequency vibration in the audible range, in contrast to the thick and stiff films of the art, which may be susceptible to vibration via this mechanism.
The mass of a solid material, most commonly represented by its surface density (mass per unit area), may also play a role in the response of the material to incident sound. The useful role of surface density can be easily seen by comparing
Further details of the role of film mass will be discussed with reference to
As further shown in
In light of the above discussion, it can be seen that the surface density is a highly useful parameter in optimizing the performance of a microperforated film. For example, surface density may be manipulated so as to shift the fundamental resonance frequency of a film as desired. Alternatively, if conditions are such that the film is used in a mass controlled regime, the surface density may be manipulated so as to decrease the likelihood of film motion in response to incident sound.
The damping ability or internal friction of a film also contributes to the tendency of a film to vibrate in response to incident sound waves. The film mechanical loss factor provides a measurement of the internal friction of a film and is defined as the ratio of film loss modulus to film elastic modulus. A high loss factor may have several effects, including reduction of vibration amplitude at resonance, and more rapid decay of free vibrations, which are highly advantageous in the present application. Films with a high loss factor (e.g., ≧0.1) are self-damping in nature and, if excited by incident sound, dissipate film motion as heat. The film of the sound absorber may be selected to provide an adequately high loss factor at the temperature of use. For many applications, a polymeric film which has at least one phase with a glass transition temperature (Tg) less than or equal to 70� C. or which is formed into a microheterogeneous film structure would be suitable. This may be done by appropriately selecting materials, such as copolymers or blends. Also, as with film bending stiffness and film surface density, additives may be included in the film to enhance the loss factor of the film.
Bending stiffness, surface density, and film loss factor may be controlled without varying film thickness. This is highly advantageous in applications where film thickness is subject to design constraints. These film characteristics may be controlled through selection of the polymeric material and/or through the use of additives. In some cases, these characteristics may be modified independently. This allows even finer optimization of the characteristics of the film. In most instances, an additive will effect each characteristic though to different degrees. In these instances, the additives are controlled to avoid unacceptable stiffness or mass-controlled resonances in the frequency range of interest. For example, it may be advantageous to increase both the surface density and the bending stiffness of the polymeric film where the film is used in an intermediate frequency range in which both the film mass and film stiffness contribute to the film vibration.
With regard to surface density, the specific gravity of the microperforated polymeric film, in particular, provides a highly controllable parameter to modify the surface density and frequency performance of a microperforated polymeric film without varying the thickness. Polymers with a high specific gravity, include polyurethanes and PVC, for example, while polymers such as polyethylene typically have lower specific gravities. Specific gravity may be varied by selective incorporation of additives, such as barium carbonate, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate lead, quartz, and/or clay, for example, into the film during processing. With regard to bending stiffness, the modulus of the polymeric film, provides a highly controllable parameter to modify the bending stiffness and frequency performance of the microperforated polymeric film without varying film thickness. Suitable techniques for varying the modulus of the film include incorporating additives such as carbon black, fumed silica, glass fibers, and various mineral fillers, as well as other substances into the film during the processing. With regard to film loss factor, film materials may be chosen with intrinsically high loss factors (e.g., materials with a glass transition temperature near the use temperature). Alternatively, additives may be incorporated into the film material so as to provide an elevated loss factor at the temperature of expected use. Such additives may include those which advantageously provide a microheterogeneous structure, particularly in which one or more phases possesses an intrinsically elevated loss factor. Of particular advantage is the use of additives commonly known as plasticizers, which can be used to alter the glass transition temperature of a given polymeric material so as to provide an elevated loss factor at the temperature of use.
The free span of the microperforated polymeric film can also be selected in consideration of the desired sound absorption spectrum in addition to any physical constraints. For example, the free span of a film may be increased or decreased to shift the film's fundamental resonant frequency out of a range of interest or to move the film between the mass-controlled regime and the stiffness-controlled resonance regime.
In summary, the invention provides a number of variables which may be manipulated so as to provide an effectively functioning sound absorber, with minimum degradation of performance due to film motion. These include film properties such as thickness, bending stiffness, surface density, and loss modulus, as well as boundary conditions such as the free span. It is noted that the relationships between these variables may be complex and interrelated. For example, changing the film thickness may change the bending stiffness as well as the surface density. Which of these variables has the most effect may depend on yet another variable, for example the free span of the system. Accordingly, these variables should be selected taking into account the application and other constraints (for example cost, weight, resistance to environmental conditions, and so on) to arrive at an optimum design.
While microperforated films may be formed from many types of polymeric films, including for example, thermoset polymers such as polymers which are cross-linked or vulcanized, a particularly advantageous method of manufacturing a microperforated film utilizes plastic materials. Turning now to
The type of plastic material and additives may also be selected in consideration of the desired uniformity of hole diameter. For example, polyolefins, such as polypropylene, often exhibit extremely regular and uniform holes when made into microperforated film using the techniques described herein. In contrast, some PVC plastic films may exhibit quite irregular holes with ragged edges. Plastic films with relatively large particulate additives may also exhibit irregularly shaped holes with ragged edges. It is noted that the sound absorption characteristics of irregular or regular holes of equivalent average diameter typically behave similarly. Indeed, in some instances, holes with irregular wall surfaces may even be preferred. Moreover, good sound absorption characteristics can be provided with films having additives such as glass fiber, with large particle size. The particle size of the additives may even exceed the dimensions of the hole diameter while still allowing controllable hole formation and without significantly detracting from the film's ability to absorb sound. In some instances, however, it may be advantageous to provide clean and uniform holes. For instance, in environments where air quality is a particular concern, relatively uniform and clean holes would advantageously generate less debris and particulate and thereby provide a cleaner environment.
Block 1604 represents contacting embossable plastic material with a tool having posts which are shaped and arranged to form holes in the plastic material which provide the desired sound absorption properties when used in a sound absorber. Embossable plastic material may be contacted with the tool using a number of different techniques such as, for example, embossing, including extrusion embossing, or compression molding. Embossable plastic material may be in the form of a molten extrudate which is brought in contact with the tooling, or in the form of a pre-formed film which is then heated then placed into contact with the tooling. Typically, the plastic material is first brought to an embossable state by heating the plastic material above its softening point, melting point or polymeric glass transition temperature. The embossable plastic material is then brought in contact with the post tool to which the embossable plastic generally conforms. The post tool generally includes a base surface from which the posts extend. The shape, dimensions, and arrangement of the posts are suitably selected in consideration of the desired properties of the holes to be formed in the material. For example, the posts may have a height corresponding to the desired film thickness and have edges which taper from a widest diameter to a narrowest diameter which is less than the height of the post in order to provide tapered holes, such as the hole shown in
Block 1606 represents solidifying the plastic material to form a solidified plastic film having holes corresponding to the posts. The plastic material typically solidifies while in contact with the post tool. After solidifying, the solidified plastic film is then removed from the post tool as indicated at block 1608. In some instances, the solidified plastic film may be suitable for use in a sound absorber without further processing. In many instances, however, the solidified plastic film includes thin skins covering or partially obstructing one or more holes. In these cases, as indicated at block 1610, the solidified plastic film typically undergoes treatment to displace any skins covering or partially covering the holes.
Skin displacement may be performed using a number of different techniques including, for example, forced air treatment, hot air treatment, flame treatment, corona treatment, or plasma treatment. Such treatments serve to displace and remove the skins without affecting the bulk portion of the film due to the relatively high mass of the bulk portion of the film as compared to the thin skin. Depending on the type of displacement treatment, the skin may, for example, be radially displaced to form an outward lip or blown out of the hole as debris. In the latter case, cleaning methods can be effectively used to remove any small amount of residue occurring from displacing the skin.
When using thermal displacement treatment, such as a flame treatment, to displace the skins, the thermal energy is typically applied from the side of the film bearing the skin while a metal surface (e.g., a roll) acting as a heat sink, may be provided against the opposite surface, to draw heat from the bulk portions so that the bulk portions of the film do not deform during the thermal displacement treatment. During the thermal energy treatment, the film may also be maintained under tension during and/or after the thermal energy treatment to assist in opening the holes. This may be done, for example, by applying positive pressure or vacuum to one side of the film.
The microperforated polymeric films and processing techniques discussed above provide a number of advantages. As compared to conventional fibrous materials and perforated sheet materials, the above microperforated polymeric films are relatively inexpensive to form and are capable of wider use. The use of post molding provides a relatively inexpensive method of forming high aspect ratio holes. The use of post molding also provides significant quality advantages over other methods of generating perforations in films. For example, post molding generates significantly less debris or particulate matter than, for example, mechanical punching, drilling or boring techniques. The above process also allows for continuous processing and can provide significant cost savings over conventional processing methods.
The above microperforated polymeric films are also suitable for use in a wider range of environments, including those with highly sensitive air quality and high tendencies for heat or fire. For example, a wide variety of additives may be incorporated into a microperforated polymeric film to provide desirable characteristics, such as flame retardancy, heat resistance, UV resistance, etc. The microperforated polymeric films can further provide effective sound absorption, including broad-band sound absorption, without requiring expensive hole formation processing. The relatively flexible nature of the film also increases its opportunity for use. For example, relatively flexible film allows for easy attachment and/or detachment of the film to other structures. The film may even be used removably to allow access to the cavity and/or the reflecting surface defining the cavity. The film may also be transparent thereby allowing a visible inspection of the cavity or reflecting surface.
A few of the many applications for sound absorbers using microperforated polymeric film will now be discussed. It should be appreciated however that the invention is not limited to the small number of examples provided in the discussion which follows. Sound absorbers using microperforated polymeric film may be manufactured in a single unit, such as a panel which includes the microperforated polymeric film, a reflecting surface, and a spacing structure which provides a desired spacing between the film and the reflecting surface. Alternatively, a similar sound absorber panel may be formed without the reflecting surface. In this case, the microperforated polymeric film-based sound absorber panel may be disposed near an existing reflecting surface. The spacing structure may simply include walls which contact edges and/or interior portions of the microperforated film. In other embodiments, microperforated film-based sound absorbers may be formed using existing surfaces and spacing structures. For instance, a microperforated polymeric film may be attached, e.g. by an adhesive, to the underside (e.g., edges) of a car hood using part of the surface of the car hood (e.g., the edges) for support and part of the hood surface (e.g., an interior portion) as a reflecting surface. In further embodiments, multiple layers of microperforated polymeric film may be spaced apart near a reflecting surface to absorb sound.
One particular advantageous use of a microperforated polymeric film is in combination with a fibrous material.
The fibrous material 1808 generally slows the speed of sound in the cavity 1806, thereby enlarging the effective depth of the cavity and shifting the sound absorption spectrum toward lower frequencies. In addition to improving low frequency performance, the fibrous material 1808 can also increase the sound absorption around the primary node of the microperforated polymeric film 1902. The use of a fibrous material 1806 in the cavity 1808 can also serve to minimize film vibration. For example, in
The unperforated barrier film 2008 is typically placed on the outer surface of the microperforated polymeric film 2002 opposite the reflecting surface 2004. While this placement provides better sound absorption, the barrier film 2008 may be placed on the inner surface of the microperforated polymeric film 2002 if desired.
The method of mounting the barrier film 2008 near the microperforated film 2002 can vary, provided the barrier film 2008 is allowed to vibrate. For example, the two films 2002 and 2008 may be mounted together by using a double-faced laminating adhesive 2010 between the two films 2002 and 2008, typically along the edges of the two films 2002 and 2008. Alternatively, for example, the barrier film 2008 may adhered to the microperforated polymeric film 2002 from above. In either case, relatively similar sound absorption spectrums are obtained. The materials for the two films 2002 and 2008 are typically selected taking into account the interaction between the two films 2002 and 2008. In particular, the material types are selected to minimize interaction, such as bonding or sticking, between the two films 2002 and 2008 which would determinally impact barrier film vibration. For example PVDC/PVC and PVDC/polyurethane combinations are typically avoided. It should be appreciated that while some degree of contact between the films may not adversely affect the sound absorption performance, intimate contact between the films, in the form of sticking or wetting out, particularly over large portions of the film surface, may decrease the ability of the barrier film 1908 to vibrate and transmit sound therethrough. Accordingly, this will result in increased sound reflection which may reduce the sound absorption of the sound absorber.
The tendency of the two films 2002 and 2008 to stick or bond also depends on the characteristics of the film surfaces. Typically, rougher surfaces tend to decrease the bonding or stickiness between the two films. Accordingly, the barrier film 2008 is typically placed against the side of the microperforated film 2002 having the widest diameter which is typically rougher than the side of the film 2002 with the narrowest diameter.
As noted above, the present invention is applicable to a number of different microperforated polymeric films and sound absorbers using such films. Accordingly, the present invention should not be considered limited to the particular examples described above, but rather should be understood to cover all aspects of the invention as fairly set out in the attached claims. Various modifications, equivalent processes, as well as numerous structures to which the present invention may be applicable will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art to which the present invention is directed upon review of the present specification. The claims are intended to cover such modifications, processes and structures.
|Cited Patent
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|Jan 2, 1962
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|Composite laminate with a thin, perforated outer layer and cavitated bonded backing member
|Jun 8, 1972
|Jan 1, 1974
|M Nassof
|Ceiling tile
|Mar 8, 1973
|Sep 10, 1974
|Hale J
|Sandwich core panel with structural decoupling between the outer face sheets thereof
|Apr 26, 1973
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|Monsanto Chemicals
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|Jun 11, 1973
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|Dec 20, 1974
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|Oct 2, 1973
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|Apparatus for reproducing perforated seamless tubular films by means of compressed air
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|Nov 22, 1976
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|Nov 4, 1976
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|Biax-Fiberfilm Corporation
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|Method for embossing and perforating a running ribbon of thermoplastic film on a metallic pattern roll
|Apr 23, 1979
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|Packless silencer
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|Jacques Hureau
|Process for extruding a thermoplastic sheath in the form of a tubular film provided with perforations and device for carrying out the process
|Aug 19, 1980
|May 11, 1982
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|Producing reticulated thermoplastic rubber products
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|Processing vinyl extrudate
|Dec 15, 1980
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|Oct 5, 1981
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|Reticulated themoplastic rubber products
|Jul 6, 1982
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|Co-extruded fusible net
|Oct 28, 1981
|Jan 24, 1984
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|Method of utilizing reciprocating clamp apparatus to thermoform plastic containers
|Feb 2, 1981
|Apr 10, 1984
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Method and apparatus for uniformly debossing and aperturing a resilient plastic web
|Oct 28, 1980
|May 8, 1984
|Plastona (John Waddington) Ltd.
|Plastics sheet material and articles produced therefrom
|Aug 2, 1983
|Apr 9, 1985
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Apparatus for uniformly debossing and aperturing a resilient plastic web
|Jul 18, 1984
|Feb 4, 1986
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|Nonwoven fabric
|Jul 20, 1978
|Mar 18, 1986
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Shaped plastic articles having replicated microstructure surfaces
|May 31, 1985
|Sep 2, 1986
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Multi-phase process for debossing and perforating a polymeric web to coincide with the image of one or more three-dimensional forming structures
|Dec 28, 1984
|Sep 30, 1986
|Nippon Petrochemicals Company, Limited
|Method and apparatus for continuously forming embossed sheets
|Nov 7, 1983
|Sep 30, 1986
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Disposable absorbent mat structure for removal and retention of wet and dry soil
|Aug 21, 1986
|Mar 22, 1988
|Beghin-Say, S.A.
|Method of producing a net
|Aug 24, 1987
|Sep 20, 1988
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Method and apparatus for making microbubbled and/or microapertured polymeric webs using hydraulic pressure
|Aug 24, 1987
|Oct 18, 1988
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Method and apparatus for making substantially fluid-impervious microbubbled polymeric web using high pressure liquid stream
|May 7, 1987
|Feb 21, 1989
|Fameccanica S.P.A.
|Method and apparatus for the production of perforated films, particularly perforated films of plastics material for sanitary articles
|Jun 1, 1987
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|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Formed material produced by solid-state formation with a high-pressure liquid stream
|Jul 30, 1987
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|Applied Extrusion Technologies, Inc.
|Method of making apertured films and net like fabrics
|Aug 24, 1987
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|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Substantially fluid-impervious microbubbled polymeric web exhibiting low levels of noise when subjected to movement
|Sep 23, 1983
|Dec 19, 1989
|Dynamit Nobel Ag
|Process for producing a synthetic resin sheet, especially for a multicolor pattern
|Nov 28, 1989
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|Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd.
|Laminated molded articles and processes for preparing same
|Apr 6, 1990
|Dec 1, 1992
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|Continuous plastics molding process and apparatus
|May 5, 1989
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|W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.
|Heat resistant breathable films
|Jan 21, 1993
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|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
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|Aug 27, 1992
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|The Celotex Corporation
|Thermoformable polyisocyanurate foam laminates for interior finishing applications
|Mar 30, 1993
|Jun 28, 1994
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Roller stamper for molding a substrate sheet to become an information recording medium
|Jul 1, 1992
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|Koyo Sangyo Co., Ltd.
|Process for manufacturing a laminate
|Jun 3, 1992
|Nov 1, 1994
|Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
|Reflection type projection screen, production process thereof, and production apparatus thereof
|Sep 26, 1991
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|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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|Rotary molding apparatus and method
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|Apr 7, 1994
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|Sound absorption laminate
|May 17, 1994
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|Method of making a headliner and the like
|Jun 20, 1994
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|Dec 29, 1994
|Sep 10, 1996
|Japan Vilene Company Ltd.
|Apparatus and method for producing floor mat carrying flat-tipped projections
|Jul 25, 1994
|Oct 1, 1996
|The Excello Specialty Company
|Sound absorbing automotive water deflector
|Oct 4, 1994
|Jun 10, 1997
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Similar material thermal tab attachment process for ink-jet pen
|Jul 28, 1995
|Aug 5, 1997
|Rohr, Inc.
|Method of repairing sound attenuation structure used for aircraft applications
|Jun 21, 1995
|Sep 23, 1997
|Oerlikon-Contraves Ag
|Acoustic protection on payload fairings of expendable launch vehicles
|Jan 16, 1996
|Dec 9, 1997
|Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc.
|Sterilization wrap material
|May 10, 1994
|Dec 23, 1997
|Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V.
|Sound-absorbing glass building component or transparent synthetic glass building component
|Oct 31, 1996
|Apr 28, 1998
|Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.
|Method of making an asphalt and fiber laminated insulation product
|Oct 31, 1995
|Apr 28, 1998
|Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd.
|Soundproofing insulator
|Jan 8, 1997
|Nov 3, 1998
|Ross; Gregory E.
|Perimeter coating alignment
|Apr 16, 1996
|Nov 17, 1998
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Method of making a toothed belt with a reinforced fabric covering
|Jun 21, 1996
|Nov 24, 1998
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Method of attenuating sound, and acoustical insulation therefor
|Mar 24, 1998
|Sep 28, 1999
|3M Innovation Properties Company
|Method for making dimensionally stable nonwoven fibrous webs
|Oct 29, 1997
|Oct 5, 1999
|Johns Manville International, Inc.
|Perforated cellular sound absorption material
|May 21, 1998
|Oct 26, 1999
|Forest Products Development Laboratories, Inc. L.L.C.
|Method and apparatus for producing composites
|May 19, 1998
|Dec 21, 1999
|Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey
|Methods for producing novel ceramic composites
|Sep 8, 1997
|Feb 8, 2000
|Lear Corporation
|Method of making floor mats
|Mar 23, 1998
|Aug 8, 2000
|C.T.A. Acoustics
|Fiberglass insulation product and process for making
|Sep 10, 1997
|Oct 31, 2000
|Xerox Corporation
|Method of making an ink jet printhead filter by laser ablation
|Jul 23, 1997
|Nov 7, 2000
|Foamex L.P.
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|Aug 22, 1997
|Aug 28, 2001
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|Oct 7, 1998
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|Jul 24, 1998
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|Jan 25, 2001
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|Jan 25, 2001
|Apr 6, 2004
|Pentax Corporation
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|Feb 1, 1991
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|Rockwool Aktiebolaget
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|Jul 2, 1997
|Jan 7, 1998
|KAEFER Isoliertechnik GmbH & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft
|Device to reduce sound levels in buildings
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Ingard, K.U., "Acoustic visco-thermal effects", Notes on Sound Absorption Technology, Chapter 2, pp. 2-1-2-35, copyright 1994 and E-37.
|Maa, D.Y., "Microperforated-Panel Wideband Absorbers", Noise Control Engineering Journal, 29(3):77-84 (Nov.-Dec. 1987).
|Wu, M.Q., "Micro-Perforated Panels for Duct Silencing", Noise Control Eng. J., 45(2):69-77 (Mar.-Apr. 1997).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 13, 2012
|Apr 16, 2013
|Janesville Acoustics, a Unit of Jason Incorporated
|Sound attenuating device using an embedded layer for acoustical tuning
|Mar 15, 2013
|Nov 26, 2013
|Janesville Acoustics
|Sound attenuating device using an embedded layer for acoustical tuning
|Dec 9, 2011
|Nov 24, 2015
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Acoustic light panel
|Aug 14, 2012
|Feb 20, 2014
|Sonoco Development, Inc.
|Method of Making a Plastic Film With Integrated Zipper Closure, and Plastic Bag Having an Integrated Zipper Closure
|Sep 9, 2015
|Mar 17, 2016
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Acoustic device
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 12, 2011
|Certificate of correction
|Nov 6, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Murame Toshi Dojo was located near the southern edge of Murame Toshi, and it was expanded in the 12th century upon the guidance of the second Murame Daimyo, Murame Nitobe. The training grounds of this Ikoma Tactician school were sculpted by Kitsu Shugenja, so that every major terrain type was present save snow and ice. Students were taught to outthink their opponent, tending to take this a bit farther and wait much longer for their opponent to make a mistake than other samurai. [1]
- ↑ Secrets of the Lion, pp. 42-43
|This Lion Clan related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


text:
Bus 28 4:59
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text:
How many drug dealers in your block?
Most Helpful Guy
None in my block. Several at my school ;)11|00|0
Most Helpful Girl
As far as I know I don't have any on my block.00|00|0
How many drug dealers in your block?
Have an opinion?
Who wants to know?
I live in a suburb.
Also are you okay, you seem obsessed with drug dealers these past few questions
I have one next door where my parents live in BC. They deal there every now and then, and since he's my highschool friend, he respect me enough and I feel somewhat protected
I live in a very quiet suburb so I highly doubt any dealers on my street.
There isn't even a milk dealer in my block 😐
there isn't any
None, don't live in a block.
I am the only one ;-)
No fiing idea I'd work with the feds
zero... wtf?
Lol none. What kind of question is this? xD
I don't know. I know their are meth heads nearby, and gangs too. So probably at least one.
Zero as far as Im concerned
just the local pharmacist
none, lol... living in a small village
Do my parents count?
There's no BBB for drug dealers, so I can't say.


text:
We had a wonderful time.The weather was cold but the resort was very nice.Hotel staff extremely polite.I would suggest waiting until after Easter if your with your kids because none of the amusement parks were open yet,although we did play miniature golf. We went to the a lot of the tourist attractions in the area.There is a great buffet across the street for breakfast.They have an indoor pool as well at the hotel.We had an ocean view which was lovely.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- We feature luxurious-, two- and three bedroom condominiums with room service and other amenities including a day spa with hair and nail salon, flat screen TVs, fitness center, indoor & outdoor pools, lazy river, Jacuzzi, oceanfront bar, wireless internet and valet parking. Our full service spa offers massages, facials, men's spa services and more. Close to many nationally recognized golf courses, restaurants and area attractions. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Hilton Hotels Direct, Expedia, Orbitz, Priceline, TripOnline SA, Hotwire, Cancelon, Cheap Tickets, Travelocity and getaroom.com so you can book your Anderson Ocean Club & Spa, Oceana Resorts reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Anderson Ocean Club & Spa, Oceana Hotel Myrtle Beach
- Anderson Ocean Club And Spa, Oceana Resorts
- Anderson Ocean Hotel
- Anderson Ocean Myrtle Beach


text:
Super Smash Bros. Brawl
Why does the game keep telling me <Unable to read the disc. Check the Wii Operations Manual for help troubleshooting?
My Wii lens stopped working due to a electric discharge (that what the man that checked it for me told me) then I ordered a new lens and replaced it with the damaged one but my Wii stil unable to read it, I cleaned it already, it has no scratches and it's the only game I have can't be read, so why does this happens, and what do you recommend me to do ?? Please help me I really wish to play again ):
Twilightmstr - 6 years ago
Additional Details:
I forgot to mention some of my friends lend me the Super Smash Bros Brawl. and still could read the disc (tried with 3 different discs)
Please help ):
Twilightmstr - 6 years ago
Accepted Answer
Brawl is a dual-layer disc. That makes it harder for the Wii to read than most discs. Your lens is dirty. Buy a lens cleaning kid from Nintendo's online store, or send it in for repairs. And if anyone in the house smokes, get the to quit. Or at least only do it outside. Cigarette smoke dirties up the lens faster than anything.
pokedude900 (Expert) - 6 years ago
This question has been successfully answered and closed.
More Questions from This Game
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|Why does the game keep telling me (no t working)?


text:
A Movie Log
A Movie Log
A blog formerly known as
By Charles Matthews
Friday, August 12, 2016
The Conversation (Francis Ford Coppola, 1974)
The technology used in it may have dated, but
The Conversation
seems more relevant than ever. When it was made, the film was very much of the moment: the Watergate moment, which was long before email and cell phones. Julian Assange was only 3 years old. What has kept Coppola's film alive is that he had the good sense to make it a thriller about the consequences of knowledge. The real victim of Harry Caul's snooping is Harry Caul himself, the professional whose delight in what he can do with his microphones and tape recorders begins to fade when he realizes that technology is not an end in itself. It is one of the great Gene Hackman performances from a career crowded with great and varied performances. Ironically, the film that
The Conversation
most reminds me of today is
The Lives of Others
, Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's 2006 film about eavesdropping by the Stasi in East Germany, which was praised by conservatives like John Podhoretz and William F. Buckley and called one of "the best conservative movies of the last 25 years" by the National Review for its account of surveillance by a communist regime. But Harry Caul is a devout Roman Catholic and an entrepreneur, making his living with the same technology and the same techniques as the Stasi spy of Donnersmarck's film -- capitalism alive and well. The film is something of a technological marvel itself: The great sound designer and editor Walter Murch was responsible for completing it after Coppola was called away to work on
The Godfather, Part II
, and the texture of the film depends heavily on the way Murch was able to manipulate the complexities of sound that form the key scenes, especially the opening sequence in which Caul is conducting his surveillance of a couple in San Francisco's crowded and busy Union Square. It's true that Murch cheats a little at the ending, when the line, "He'd kill us if he got the chance," is repeated. Caul had extracted it from a distorted recording, and took it to mean that the couple (Cindy Williams and Frederic Forrest) were in danger from the man who commissioned the surveillance. But at the end, the line is heard again as "He'd kill
if he got the chance," an emphasis that reveals to Caul, too late, that they are the killers, not the victims. It's unfortunate that so much depends on the discrepancy between the way we originally hear the line and the later delivery of it. Still, I don't think it's a fatal flaw in a still vital and gripping movie.
Posted by
Charles Matthews
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text:
The Aviary Send to Phone
OpenDinner Wed.-Sun.
Open late
- Dress code: Casual dressy
- Full bar
- Private room(s)
- Reservations suggested
* Click here for rating key
Text data on The Aviary to your phone, or a friend's cell phone.
Find out which restaurants and chefs top the list of GAYOT's 2016 Annual Restaurant Awards.


text:
It's about finding the true meaning behind your message that motivates your audience to action. Whether it's influencing a purchase decision, supporting your cause or building a brand people care about, we have the depth of experience—and the resources—to make it happen.
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We're searching for a Project Manager who understands what it's like to manage a variety of clients in multiple industries and manage projects from defining requirements through deployment, creating project schedule, implementation plan, and monitoring the budget. This position is a leadership role which includes managing projects and campaigns as well as the teams who work on them. It requires strong attention to details, along with the ability to anticipate needs and support others to make sure deliverables are achieved.
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This position is a pivotal role for individuals who desire to truly own the projects & campaigns entrusted to us by our Fortune 500 clients. It requires initiative, and pro-active solutions, teamwork, as well as the ability to focus and work independently. The role is fast-paced and will require the ability to multi-task and handle pressure with grace, always steering towards a solution. Candidates should enjoy stepping up to challenges, and consider the details important pieces to understanding the big picture.
Salary Range = $45,000 - $55,000
StudioNorth is located in the Far Northern Suburbs of Lake County, IL
*Unfortunately, we will not be able to respond to applicants who do not meet the requirements.


text:
June 15, 2014 Total Views: 4839 Today: 2 ★★★★
Hotel Vila Gale Cerro Alagoa Albufeira, In the heart of Albufeira, Vila Galé Cerro Alagoa is close to Fisherman's Beach and walking distance from the shopping centre, restaurants and bars of the town. The resort hotel's well-featured health club includes an interior and heated lagoon-style pool, hot tub and a sauna. There are also 2 outdoor pools, catering for children and adults. All rooms are equipped with air conditioning and satellite TV. Chic furnishings decorate each room and a minibar and work desk are also featured. The hotel features a restaurant offering traditional Portuguese cuisine and international dishes. It offers a varied breakfast, including hot and cold options and a selection of fresh fruit. There's also a British-style pub bar. The Algarve boasts a number of theme parks including the Zoomarine and the Aqualand and Aquashow parks which are only a few minutes' drive away. (Hotel Vila Gale Cerro Alagoa Albufeira hotels booking).


text:
Vintage THICK MURANO SQUARE Green DISH BOWL ITALY Mid Century Paperweight Votive
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Glass
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Apr 01, 2016
- Channel: Auction House
T his was my Mom's from Italy. It spent the last 45 years I remember in a china cabinet. I have no idea. But is nice.


text:
402 Sixth Street, Ludington 49431
See more homes for sale in Ludington, MI
This property has been Sold!
07/28/2016 at $78,200
4 BEDROOM HOME IN THE CITY OF LUDINGTON! Well maintained with updated roof, windows, furnace and plumbing. The rooms are spacious and storage is abundant. Covered front porch, central air conditioning, full basement and 1 car garage. Great corner lot location with a lovely backyard and storage shed.
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 402 Sixth Street
- City
- Ludington
- Zip
- 49431
- County
- Mason
- Township
- Ludington
- Possession
- At closing
- Zoning
- Residential
- Total Finished SqFt
- 1,794
- Above Grade SqFt
- 1,794
- Garage Desc.
- 1, Attached
- Water
- Public
- Sewer
- Public
- Year Built
- 1900
- Taxes
- $1,189
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 17X10 1st Floor
- Bedroom2
- 12X14 1st Floor
- Bedroom3
- 13X14 2nd Floor
- Bedroom4
- 13X14 2nd Floor
- Bath
- 7X15 1st Floor
- Dining
- 11X9 1st Floor
- Kitchen
- 11X7 1st Floor
- Living
- 12X23 1st Floor
- Other
- 10X10 2nd Floor
- Basement
- Full Basement
- Cooling
- Central
- Heating
- Forced Air, Natural Gas
- Acreage
- 0.19
- Lot Dimensions
- 60 x 140
- Appliances
- Dryer, Range, Refrigerator, Washer
- Exterior Materials
- Vinyl
- Exterior Features
- Porch(es)
Listing Video for 402 Sixth Street, Ludington MI 49431
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Greenridge Realty-Ludington
Office Address 5492 W. Us 10
Listing Agent Jacqueline Makowicki
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 402 Sixth Street, Ludington MI 49431. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Ludington, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Ludington, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Ludington, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Ludington, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
All information deemed materially reliable but not guaranteed. Interested parties are encouraged to verify all information. Copyright© 2017 MichRIC LLC, All rights reserved.


text:
Kate Hodge
I have been working as a science communicator since 2001. My Honours degree in Marine Science combined with skills in communication design bring a unique perspective to any project. More than just a graphic designer, I understand the science and can guide you in how best to communicate complex scientific results to a broad audience.
Tools and software I will use for your project include:
- Adobe Creative Suite
- ArcGIS
- HTML and CSS coding
- Range of open source and commercial content management systems for website development (Drupal, Wordpress, Plone, DotNetNuke, and many others)
- Microsoft Word, Excel, Powerpoint
- any others - I enjoy learning and using new and different tools to best deliver any project
Hodge Environmental is a consultancy providing high quality science communication products, tools and advice, taking pride in the professional and personal support offered to each client. With over 10 years experience in science analysis and design, Hodge Environmental is well positioned to provide science communication services including:
- science communication advice
- scientific graphics development
- document layout and production
- website design
- project management
what can we deliver to suit your needs?
- Graphics for journal articles including graphs, maps and methods diagrams
- Print and online Newsletters to reach a wide audience
- Scientific reports, including supporting graphics
- Animated powerpoint presentations to stand out in the crowd
- Stimulating posters for conferences and events
- Online communication tools, including websites, graphics and documents
- Advice and project management
We can assist and advise you on which communication products best suit your needs and how best to get your message across. While specialising in the production of graphics, supporting text is critical to any product and we can assist in the development of all content.
Please see Portfolio for a full outline of past works.


text:
Bryan Collins photographs the imagination, honesty, and practical genius of amateur sign makers in NYC. He publishes his favorite images in The Journal of Urban Typography. Collins is a self-taught graphic designer and life coach who has been shooting letter forms around town since 2001. And with over three terabytes of photos logged, he's become an accidental archivist of New York's ever changing sign culture. We got together to talk type.
What would you say is the common thread that draws you to all these different signs?
Sometimes I don't know what it is that catches my eye. Sometimes it's just the brightness of it, or a weird letter form. Is it hand-painted? Is it vinyl? Is it on a van? Is it the overall arrangement, or some mix of typefaces? There are so many different angles and components.
One of the things about the Journal that I find really inspiring is that underneath it all, there is generally a utilitarian intent. People just need to get a message out as quick as possible in such a hectic environment. How do you create a voice in this sea of information?
If someone asked you where to find good type in New York City, where would you tell them to look?
Different neighborhoods have different styles. I ride my bike throughout the neighborhoods in Brooklyn, and there are so many strange pockets. Just go down any little side street where there's a bodega, and there's bound to be amazing type. And in Manhattan you see the delivery trucks. The whole city is game.
I'm also fascinated with areas that become slowly gentrified, and you start to see a mash-up between old sign-painted stuff that's getting covered-up, and people just adding things on top of it.
What do you think is the difference between the kind of person who gets inspired by a hot dog sign, and the person who just passes it by every day?
I think it's about curiosity, and having a deeper awareness of your environment. I also think that you notice more if you have an artistic output that's part of your life. That's why so many musicians move up here and have their New York album. I have friends who are musicians who can hear a subway car go by, and pull a rhythm out of that. Inspiration is everywhere if you are curious.
Any all-time personal favorite finds?
I live in Bed Stuy. I was taking a walk up Bedford, and there was this dollar store that had the absolute sickest sign. It baffled me, because there was an element that looked like graffiti, but it also looked like an old painted sign because the craftsmanship was absolutely insane. This kid who's like 16 years old comes out. He's like, 'Yo, you like that? I did that.' I'm like, 'Dude you're sick!' And he goes, 'Yeah man, I got the soul of an old man. I'm like an old grandpa in the back doing signs.' And then he just smiled and walked off. It was so cool.
Bryan Collins publishes The Journal of Urban Typography, and also runs a life coaching service called Break The Block.


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DUMONT D'URVILLE: Explorer and Polymath
By Edward Duyker. Otago University Press. $70.
Jules Dumont d'Urville, who lived from 1790 to 1842, has been described as the Captain James Cook of France. Few explorers in the age of sail could match his record for discovery in the vast reaches of the Pacific and Antarctica and his scholarship in documentingthe flora and fauna, as well as the races and languages he encountered.
D'Urville made two long scientific voyages to the Pacific. On the first, 1826-1829, he solved the mystery of the disappearance of La Perouse in 1788. On his second voyage, 1837-1840, he proved that Antarctica was a continent.
Dr Edward Duyker, an Australian scholar totally at home in the French maritime archives, is the ideal person to write a definitive biography of a great Frenchman who should be much better known. Duyker is the author of other biographies of French explorers in the Pacific, and his work ensures that we do not think of early Australian history only in British terms.
D'Urville seems to have played a larger than life role in French history. He was decorated for bringing the most famous statue in the world, the Venus de Milo, from Greece to Paris in 1820. A decade later he was on hand to take the French King Charles X into exile in England. He put his beloved wife on the map of Antarctica, naming Terra Adelie, and even a species of penguin, after her.
In 1826 d'Urville took his ship the Astrolabe into Jervis Bay, on the way to Sydney. While there d'Urville's crew caught a vast haul of fish and shared it with the local Wandandian people. Words of the local language were carefully written down. Everywhere d'Urville went he was passionate to log such details, and so enrich scholarship. It was a tragic loss that he and his family died in 1842 in the first French railway accident.
One of the merits of this magnificent biography is that the author, through painstaking research over many years, has brought to light previously unknown documentary material. However, he admits he sometimes found the handwriting of his subject baffling.
Dr Duyker has a marvellous gift of shaping his historical research into a compelling and readable narrative. D'Urville was an explorer with unmatched curiosity, energy and vitality. This beautifully produced biography does him full justice.


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July 17, 2013
Long Beach, Calif. - Halfway through the summer, collegiate summer baseball leagues have announced their all-star teams, and the MLB Draft signing date has passed, as all four Dirtbags that were drafted have signed.
Shane Carle, Jeff McNeil, Jon Maciel and Juan Avila, the four players from the 2013 Dirtbags squad that were picked in the 2013 MLB Draft have all chosen to proceed with their professional careers, each signing with the club that drafted them. In the process, Carle, McNeil and Maciel will each pass up on a final year of eligibility, while Avila, a senior, will also immediately join the Miami Marlins organization, who drafted the third baseman in the 20th round. Carle was the first player drafted from the Dirtbags, selected by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 10th round, while Jeff McNeil signed with the New York Mets after getting picked in the 12th round, and Jon Maciel was an 18th round pick of the Detroit Tigers. Maciel and Carle have both reported to the short-season New York-Penn League, while McNeil and Avila are each playing rookie ball.
Among recruits with Long Beach State ties, Jason Martin was the first player drafted, picked by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 8th Round, and the outfielder from Orange Lutheran elected to go to pro baseball. Also signing a professional contract was pitcher Matt Ball. Coming out of Bonita Vista HS, Ball was selected in the 11th round by the Chicago White Sox, and signed with the club.
The Dirtbags will welcome one top recruit that was drafted in 2014 however, as shortstop Garrett Hampson did not sign with the Washington Nationals. The No. 84 prospect in the draft as rated by Baseball America, Hampson will join the rest of the 2014 recruiting class on campus this fall.
In other news regarding current players, many members of Long Beach State's team are having outstanding summers with their summer clubs. In the Northwoods League, the Dirtbags had two players make the All-Star team, as both outfielder Johnny Bekakis and pitcher Josh Frye garnered the honor. Bekakis is leading the La Crosse Loggers with 35 RBI, and has five home runs, while Frye has 53 strikeouts in eight starts for the Loggers.
Three Dirtbags also earned All-Star selections in the West Coast League, as pitchers Nick Sabo and Ty Provencher each were picked, as was shortstop Alex DeGoti. Senior pitcher Nick Rosetta is also having an outstanding summer, earning All-Star honors in the Texas Collegiate League after leading the league in ERA, posting a 4-1 record with a 1.48 ERA in five starts with 26 strikeouts and 13 walks.
Sport Links
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- 2017 Quick Facts
- Weekly Release
- 2016 Season Stats
- Baseball Camps
- Dirtbags Summer Youth Baseball Camp I - June 19-23
- Dirtbags Summer Youth Baseball Camp II - June 26-30
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- Dirtbags Summer Youth Baseball Camp V - July 17-21
- Dirtbags Summer Youth Baseball Camp VI - July 24-28
- Dirtbags Summer Youth Baseball Camp VII - July 31-Aug. 4
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Media Guides
Section 1Information, Coaches, and Player Bios
Section 2History and Records
Section 3This is Long Beach State
Section 4Complete Media Guide
More Headlines
David Banuelos Named to ABCA/Rawlings Gold...06/21/2017 - Baseball
Junior catcher David Banuelos picked up another impressive award on Wednesday, earning a spot on ...
David Banuelos Earns ABCA/Rawlings Second Team ...06/17/2017 - Baseball
LBSU catcher David Banuelos was named a Second Team All-American by the ABCA on Saturday, earning...
Darren McCaughan Named D1Baseball All-American06/15/2017 - Baseball
Junior starting pitcher Darren McCaughan was named a Third Team All-American by D1Baseball on...
Six More Dirtbags Selected on Day Three of MLB ...06/14/2017 - Baseball
Dirtbags flew off the draft board early and often on Wednesday, as six Dirtbags were selected on ...
Trio of Dirtbags Adorn ABCA West All-Region Team06/14/2017 - Baseball
Long Beach State had three players included on the ABCA/Rawlings West All-Region Team, with...
Three Dirtbags Named Honorable Mention All-Amer...06/14/2017 - Baseball
Long Beach State had three players named Honorable Mention All-American on Wednesday, as juniors ...


text: I think, because of it's memory management, BB v0.4 keeps killing LauncherPro on me so that when I go back to my homescreen, LauncherPro needs to reload itself. Is there anyway to specifically exclude LauncherPro from being killed by BB? I know it's not another task killed b/c I don't have any others installed.


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|Next book >>
Curse of the Bizarro Beetle(2010)
(The second book in the Splurch Academy series)
A novel by Julie Gardner Berry and Sally Faye Gardner
With Cody's archnemesis, Headmaster Farley, banished from the school, Cody should be celebrating . . . but something is bothering him, eating at him . . . literally gnawing on him. Dark forces are on the rise at Splurch Academy and Cody Mack isn't sure which side of the battle he's on.
Genre: Children's Fiction
Genre: Children's Fiction
Similar Books by other authors...
Used availability for Julie Gardner Berry's Curse of the Bizarro Beetle
See all available used copies of this book at Abebooks UK or Abebooks US
Paperback Editions
August 2010 : USA Paperback
|Title: Curse of the Bizarro Beetle #2 (Splurch Academy)
Author(s): Julie Berry, Sally Gardner
ISBN: 0-448-45360-6 / 978-0-448-45360-6 (USA edition)
Publisher: Grosset & Dunlap
Availability: Amazon Amazon UK Amazon CA
Genre Pages


text:
Just wondered if any of you have used dowels under a fondant bow. This may sound like an unusual question but I am doing a 10" round shower cake this coming weekend. I've made a pretty chocolate fondant "package" bow (not the looped type). It's approx. 6" wide then another 3 or 4" for the bottom of the bow. What my concern is on a b/c iced cake is the weight of the bow going to be too heavy or should I put a few dowels under it to hold it up to keep it from sinking into the cake? Have any of you ever done that before?
Crazy question I know but it's a very important "client" with strong potential for future orders.
Thanks for any help CCer's!!
Have a great day.
rule of thumb....whenever in doubt....dowl!
rule of thumb....whenever in doubt....dowl!
My thoughts exactly!
I would put a plastic dowel or a couple of drinking straws in. I've done that before to support heavy decorations. Just make sure you warn the customer that there's a dowel/straw/whatever in there.
Thanks everyone - I guess I should have know that!!!
Yes, I agree with everyone else! This weekend I had a cake with a soccer ball ontop. The ball was just styrofoam, so I didn't dowel. About 30 minutes afterwards, I turn around and there is the undoweled tier, severely slumping. I had to rebake the whole thing-when I took the fondant off, the cake had split in two.
So-better safe than sorry!
You could place a few straws, too, instead of the wood.


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The one thing all mums secretly want for Mother's Day
If you were thinking that the thing mums secretly want is some cold honey toast and a cup of very milky tea in bed, you'd only be partly right…
If you were thinking that the thing mums secretly want is some cold honey toast and a cup of very milky tea in bed, you'd only be partly right…
Oh, babies! One minute they can't sit up without assistance, and the next, they're tearing through the house leaving a path of destruction in their wake.
Mess, noise and chaos are pretty much guaranteed when you have kids. But there's always a limit on just how much you can handle. And every parent has items that have been banned from their home. These are the things that will never see the light
Children and mess go hand-in-hand. The little darlings may take forever to do most things, but messing up their bedrooms is done in record time. So how do we get them to clean it?
I just love spending my weekends washing piles and piles of dirty clothes only to discover that the stains are still there… said no mum ever. We've come up with a few laundry solutions to save you time and ensure you still have your sanity
The arrival of spring promises more opportunities to get your messy little ones to run amok outside in the sunshine instead of destroying the house. But, if you're anything like me, the cool months of too many rainy days spent inside have left your house
Spring is here and the warmer days might be giving you the urge to spruce things up. Why not give your stroller and kids' carseats a clean? A proper, thorough, remove all traces of soggy Milk Arrowroot biscuits clean? Bucket at the ready, we have all you
Believe it or not when we put the call out to Babyology mums asking for their top laundry hacks, there were plenty of you who came out of the laundry closet (so to speak), admitting you just adore washing, ironing and folding clothes! For the
Some things are just made to be spilled. All over the place. Just ask any parent with a toddler. So come and count down the things that you've most likely had to clean up from the floors, the tables and the shirts of both you
You gotta love babies – so much mess for such little people. Whether you have a newborn, or your little is one bum-shuffling, army crawling, up on all fours or toddling around the home and beyond, there is bound to be a stain solution here
Dyson has just released its latest upright vacuum, the Dyson Small Ball, and where it's light on weight, it's heavy on power. At just 5.5 kilograms, this vacuum is so light, you can put vacuuming on the kids' chore list. We're only sort of joking.
We all know them. We all see them. And, try as we might, we all can't ignore them forever. What are they? They are the piles of junk, clothing, toys, and random items from around the house that clearly give away the fact that, yes,
What kinds of cleaning products are in your house? I've got things like bleach, glass cleaner, stainless steel polish. Would you prefer to win what you need to keep your home clean with all natural products?


text:
Quick Details
- Place of Origin: Guangdong, China (Mainland)
- Brand Name: kingzim
- Model Number: OEM
- Type: Other Baby Toys
- color: 3color
- Name: dummy phone for iphone 7
- Product name: dummy fake phone for iphone 7
- Color: black,gold,rosegold,silver
- Size: 1:1
- Material: metal
- item: dummy fake phone for iphone 7 plus
Packaging & Delivery
|Packaging Details
|white box package
dummy phone for iphone 7
|Delivery Time
Dummy phone for iphone 7, dummy fake phone for iphone 7 plus
We have all kinds of mobile phone models toy: for iphone 4/ 5/ 6/7, for samsung , for SONY, for LG, for Google, for millet, for huawei, for meizu, for OPPO Letv, for Nubian, for OPPO,for TCL, for MOTOROLA, for philips, for lenovo, for HTC, for blackberry, for nokia,for one plus, for Microsoft, for nabta, for VEB, for SUGAR etc Various models .
Display Dummy Phone
- NOT a real phone
Cannot be actived
Non working dummy phone
For disply only
This is a display demo model dummy mobile phone, comes packed in with bubble wrap and film protecting the screen.
NOT A WORKING PHONE. No internal electronic working parts.
Q: Can you accept customers' designs on your case for Macbook?
A: We accept the designs from customers, and we can produce the case the same as you want.
Q: Do you accept ODM&OEM service busienss?
A:Yes,we supply OEM&ODM service to customers requirement.
Q: Do you accept ODM&OEM service busienss?
A:Yes,we supply OEM&ODM service to customers requirement.
Q:How do you ship the order normally?
A:For large quantity order, we ship the goods by sea.
For small quantity order, by air or express. We supply optional express for you, including DHL, FEDEX, UPS, TXT, EMS, ARAMES and so on.


text: Class 4 LEGO® → Muji 8785476 << 8785506 >> 8785612 Paper Item №: 8785506 Pieces: 127 Released: 2011 Theme: Muji 8785506 Paper is a Muji set released in 2011. External links Brickset Peeron Retrieved from "http://lego.wikia.com/wiki/8785506_Paper?oldid=1811033" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Class 4 articles Sets with 100 to 199 pieces Unknown Price Unknown Ages Muji 8000000 sets 2011 sets


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Sending love and kisses on the Internet
Last weekend two events happened which warranted wide attention - one got it, the other did not.
First, Sunday was Mother's Day - that holiday of sorts which justifies the existence of Hallmark and other greetings cards manufacturers. The second, which also took place on Sunday, was my age increased by a year. That's right - it was my birthday.
So, to assist you in your gift planning for next year, I am presenting a list of sites you can use to send free greetings, wishes and kisses to people - all on-line. This may be too late for Mother's Day, but it is in time for Father's Day and just under a year before my next birthday.
Let's start with the cow kiss service from Gateway 2000 at http://www.gateway.com. Yes, that is the same Gateway 2000 best known for its mail order computer systems in North America. But cows are a recurring theme with the company and it provides free on-line cow kisses, so to speak.
These personalised greetings are free of charge. You get to choose from a list of reasons for sending the kiss ranging from 'I Love You' to 'It's Be Kind to Cows Day'.
You can also choose to place the kiss on the recipient's forehead, nose, chin or hand, among other possible places.
If you are a cartoon lover, you can send a Toonogram from http://www.toonogram.com/.
Toonograms are free electronic postcards which include a colour cartoon and a personalised message. You can choose from dozens of cartoons on a variety of subjects and preview them before sending the card.
Another great source of cartoon cards is Warner Brothers, which offers free Internet-based greeting cards featuring memorable moments from Warner Brothers' films. Just go to http: //www.wbwebcards. com/ for a wide selection of cards featuring moments from the company's output.
Finally, The Cardmaster (http://www.card master.com) offers cards in both Chinese and English. These free greetings can be sent for a variety of occasions from birthdays to Mother's and Father's Day, to congratulations messages and anniversaries.
Enjoy the cards. Don't miss Father's Day. And, I'll be watching my in-box next year.
SITE OF THE WEEK: As a proud part of the British Empire and subjects of the Queen - at least for a few more weeks - Hong Kongers all need their daily dose of royalty.
Of course, there are the British tabloid newspapers, but - let's face it - that's not the most efficient way to get the information.
For the past two months the Web has offered a way to get the royal's side of the story with the British monarchy's official Web site at http: //www.royal.gov.uk/.
The site has received more than 12 million hits in the past two months and includes more than 160 pages of information and images.
Most Popular
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|Top 200
Design is everywhere in our lives, perhaps most importantly in the places where we've just stopped noticing. 99% Invisible is a weekly exploration of the process and power of design and architecture. From award winning producer Roman Mars. Learn more at 99percentinvisible.org.
 A proud member of Radiotopia, from PRX. Learn more at radiotopia.fm.
September 13th, 2016
Episode 242 of 283 episodes
Large portions of San Francisco, New York City, Boston, Seattle, Hong Kong and Marseilles were built on top of human made land. What is now Mumbai, India, was transformed by the British from a seven-island archipelago to one contiguous strip of land. The most extraordinary example of land reclamation and manufacture may be the Netherlands. As early as the 9th century A.D., the Dutch began building dykes and pumping systems to create new land in places that were actually below sea level. But the historic scale of land manufacture is minuscule compared to the rate at which it is taking place today. Making Up Ground Sponsors Squarespace Casper MailChimp
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Welcome to the Brain Training Podcast, the daily audio workout for your head. In this podcast we have two games for you, each with three rounds which get progressively harder. To enjoy the full experience, relax, and avoid distractions whilst you listen.


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Dave Romm
DaveE Romm is a Minneapolis fan who was involved in regionals (especially) Minicon and Worldcons, particularly in the 70s through the 90s. He was President of the Albany State Science Fiction Society, 1974-78 and has been quite active in Minn-Stf. He is the producer of Shockwave, a science fiction/science fact radio program, 1979-present.
He organized the cancelled Murphycon.
His fanzines include Two Magicians (with Frank Balazs) and Impressions. He also edited some issues of Rune, the Minn-Stf clubzine and produced a variety of apazines and one-shots (including Subliminal Verity, Name, Fireglass Prism, and The Spanish Imposition.)
Awards, Honors and GoHships:
- 1990 — Minicon 25
|This is a stub biography page. Please extend it by adding more information about the person, such as fanzines and apazines published, awards, clubs, conventions worked on, GoHships, impact on fandom, external links, anecdotes, etc.
page revision: 3, last edited: 17 Mar 2016 22:18


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Countries » Dominican Republic » Languages
The official language of the Dominican Republic is Spanish. You will find some Spanish-English bilingual locals especially in Santo Domingo and tourist areas. If you speak some Spanish, most Dominicans will try hard to meet you half way and communicate.
If you have a problem, you can probably find someone who speaks sufficient English (or probably French and possible German, Italian or Russian) to help you out. Dominicans are quite friendly and will be quite helpful if you are polite and respectful. Haitians living in the DR may speak a variation of French and you may hear a few African and Arawakan words interspersed with the Spanish, especially in rural areas.
Communication should not be a problem even for those who speak only a minimum of Spanish. If you are traveling to one of the large all-inclusive hotels, you will have no language problems.
The content on this page is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license. It has been written by the users of WikiTravel and gapyear.com cannot not accept any responsibility for its accuracy. For any critical information you require, please be sure to check with the relevant embassy for the most up to date information before you travel.


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QUICKSTART TENNIS. Why it's so important to your tennis community. QuickStart Tennis - Please paint lines for our kids!. What is quickstart tennis:. A format of play for kids 10 & under to learn and play the game with 6 key variables Age Court Size Racquet Size Ball Net Height
Related searches for QUICKSTART TENNIS
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Why it's so important to your tennis community
Please paint lines
for our kids!
Whatis quickstart tennis:
The 60 ft courts are already becoming popular for adults to better allow singles play for seniors, those with bad knees, wheelchair players, obese players or anyone who is "mobility challenged"….which is exactly what small kids are relative to full-size courts, as they lack stride length. While kids may have tons of energy, they struggle to cover a full size court, particularly with regulation balls. A smaller court in conjunction with slower balls affords getting to more balls, providing enjoyment for anyone who gives it a whirl.
Timon Corwin
Senior Director, Junior and Collegiate Competition
United States Tennis Association
10399 Flores Drive
Boca Raton, FL 33428
"Over the past two years, there have been zero complaints about QuickStart lines on any of our courts"…
Craig Jones
USTA Southern QuickStart Task Force
QuickStart Tennis - the lines"…
Please paint lines
for our kids!