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5 Easy Steps to an Organized Office
While the old saying that an organized home is the sign of an empty mind is cute, a disorganized office is a distraction and will cost you in terms of productivity. Clutter destroys creativity. Do you find yourself arranging and rearranging the same files and papers over and over? Are you constantly looking for that misplaced USB cord, head set, or stapler? Do you look at the mounds of paperwork on your desk and don't know where to start? You're not alone, but there is something you can do about it. Start With Your Desktop Begin by clearing everything off of your desktop that you don't need. If it's not essential, find another place for it. Headphones, tablets, pens, and pencils – everything that isn't necessary needs to be cleared off your desktop. If you are facing a pile of papers and don't know where to start, move onto the next step to an organized office first. It will make finding a place for tablets and headphones much easier. Deal With The Pile of Papers If you deal with papers first, you will quickly reclaim your desktop and create a place to work. From that point on, it's important to resist the temptation to let papers pile up again. Placing it in another pile on another flat surface will only work against your best efforts at organizing your office....read more
25 Real Estate Marketing Ideas
Real Estate Marketing Ideas. Online marketing is more important than ever. Today's buyers and sellers are searching online, and it follows that this is where marketing conscious real estate agents need to be. Listing Marketing Create a single property website. Your clients will love the personal attention that their own properties' website offers. Use professional photographs for your listing – at least high end listings. Provide your sellers with a list of where you are marketing their homes. Make it easy for them providing a link to each website. Post your listings on your blog. Even if your current theme doesn't support it, many online programs offer HTML coding where you can add a flyer or poster to your website. Create a YouTube account and post a virtual tour on YouTube. Plan an open house at your office. Encourage all your past, current, and prospective clients to stop by. Send an eFlyer to past and current clients asking if they know anyone who might be interested in your current listing. Network with top producing agents in your area. Content Marketing Consistently add compelling, relevant content to your website that will attract and keep your reader's attention. Provide neighborhood information – there are areas where no one is doing it. Local Search Marketing – Add geographical keywords that differentiate you from agents across the nation. Slideshow of the neighborhood Home...read more
6 Tips to Managing Your Email
Much of my work is delivered to my email inbox. It's one of the first things that I check each day, because from there my entire day as a REVA (real estate virtual assistant) can change. Creating a solid email system that works is possible and will result in increased productivity. Use Your Subject Line Managing your email is not as difficult as it seems. I learned this tip from a Realtor® who is frequently away from his desk and gets much of his email from his iPhone. Be very specific when you create your subject line. Keep it simple, but keep it direct. Have you completed a listing coordination assignment? You title could be: 12345 Main Street :: Online Think Before You Compose Be clear and be concise, and you won't invite 10 more emails asking for clarification. To do this, you must put yourself in the shoes of the recipient. Have you given them enough key information for them to move forward with your request? A little forethought before composing the email will keep down the requests for more information to a minimum. Think Before You Reply Again, are you being clear enough or are you inviting more questions? Are you answering all of the questions posed in the email. Ideally, they would have numbered their questions, but this isn't always possible, and sometimes it's just a...read more
Twenty Reasons Why Real Estate Agents Should Blog
Every Realtor wants to be seen by their clients as an industry expert. They spend time and money building stellar websites with everything on it a buyer or seller could possibly want. It has it all: An IDX, calculators, useful links, community pages, and resources. It has articles and guides for buyers, sellers, and investors. Does it have a blog, though? I hope so, because there are good reasons why real estate agents should blog. If it had to be narrowed down to two answers, I would say that a real estate blog will increase exposure to your website and present you as the real estate professional that you are. Still not convinced? Here are a few more reasons why Realtors® should blog. Twenty Reasons Real Estate Agents Should Blog √ Showcases your skills √ Positions you as an industry expert √ Increased SEO for your website √ Increased exposure for your website √ Studies show that blogging attracts more business than a website does √ Builds an interested audience √ Potential clients are looking online √ Draws local buyers and sellers √ It sharpens your skills √ To generate leads √ Draws targeted website visitors √ Website visitors want to be educated and not sold to √ Attracts inbound links √ Builds trust with clients and potential clients √ Provides another nugget to share with your social media...read more
4 Great Ways to Increase Productivity With Virtual Support
"I turned down a scholarship to Yale. The problem with college is that there's a tendency to mistake preparation for productivity. You can prepare all you want, but if you never roll the dice you'll never be successful." Shia LaBeouf To be productive requires a change in mindset. It's not enough to keep busy, as there are a lot of busy people who aren't productive. You need to examine if what you're doing is essential to accomplishing your goals. At this point, you have taken your first step to productivity. 1. Delegation Is Key. You must first let go of the notion that you need to care for every little detail of your business, or it won't get done properly. This has led many business owners to exhaustion, and the honest truth is that they aren't caring for every little detail of their business. A virtual assistant can care for your delegated tasks, and the longer you work with them, the easier it gets to delegate tasks to them. 2. Brainstorm. Let them know what is important to you, what needs to be done, and what your business goals are. Virtual assistants can work with you to systemize your business so that you are ensured that all of these tasks are cared for and on time. When you try to do it yourself, things fall through the cracks. 3....read more
Systemize Your Real Estate Business to Succeed
Invest the time to create systems, and watch your business grow. Without them in place, many hard working business owners find themselves tied to their work. With them in place, which is only limited by our imagination, businesses run smoothly and efficiently. The goal is to create systems where your business can run on "auto pilot" … systems where your business can run even when you can't physically be there. How do you systemize your real estate business to succeed? Determine What Systems You Need in Place Most real estate offices have a system in place for Transaction Coordination. However, there are many other systems that could be created that would take your business to a new productive level. What needs to be systemized? This is where you sit down and think of what is important to you. Lead Management Listing Coordination Social Media Management Blogging Schedule Contact Management Newsletter Creation Closing Coordination Home Showings Open Houses Pretty much anything can be systemized in real estate. The idea is to create a system for each aspect of your business so that nothing falls through the cracks. Easier said than done. It's true, however, I've seen it in practice and it was impressive. Create Processes You can have processes for every aspect of your business. Meeting with new clients Buyer's checklist Seller's checklist Escrow checklist Closing checklist Home inspection checklist...read more
Mistakes To Avoid When Blogging For Real Estate
Blogging showcases your expertise, establishes credibility, and builds audiences. However, there are mistakes to avoid when blogging for real estate. With the right strategy, you can hold your reader's attention, and with the wrong strategy, they will run screaming from your website. For your website visitors to take you seriously, you must take your blogging efforts seriously. Remember the mistakes to avoid when blogging for real estate and develop a blogging strategy. The Wrong Strategy – Mistakes to Avoid When Blogging For Real Estate Plagiarism: Don't go there. You know it, I know it, and the one who has had their content taken knows it the best. Yet, I have seen entire eBooks plagiarized. There's no excuse for it and it discredits your credibility. Avoid Rants: While everyone has done a rant post from time to time, they should be used judiciously. Remember the reason someone has landed on your website page and blog about what they care about. Infrequent Posting: This is not to be taken lightly. Not only will your readers notice when you post every now and then, Google will too, and it weakens your ranks in the search engines. Failing to Use Images: Are you adding images to your posts? If not, this is a mistake you want to correct. According to Forbes: "Using images also helps keep readers engaged on a blog...read more


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Magnolia Cream Cheese Brownies
Be the first to review
READY IN: 1hr 10mins
Recipe by Juenessa
This dessert was voted dessert of the month in Southern Living Magazine's March 2001 issue. It is made and served at Magnolias in Charlestown, South Carolina. There is a caramel sauce and chocolate sauce that is traditionally served over the brownie and then topped off with vanilla ice cream. Talk about decadent! You don't need to make both of the sauces to still have a great brownie.
See Discussion:
Ingredients Nutrition
- 4 (1 ounce) unsweetened chocolate squares
- 4 (1 ounce) semi-sweet chocolate baking squares
- 1⁄3 cup butter or 1⁄3 cup margarine
- 2 (3 ounce) packages cream cheese, softened
- 1⁄4 cup butter or 1⁄4 cup margarine, softened
- 2 cups sugar, divided
- 6 large eggs, divided
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
- 1 1⁄2 cups semisweet chocolate morsels, divided
- 2 teaspoons vanilla extract
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon baking powder
- 1 teaspoon salt
Caramel Sauce
- 1⁄2 cup butter
- 1 cup firmly packed light brown sugar
- 1⁄2 cup whipping cream
- 1⁄2 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1 dash salt
Chocolate Sauce
- 1 cup whipping cream
- 8 ounces semi-sweet chocolate baking squares, chopped
Directions See How It's Made
- Microwave first 3 ingredients in a 1-quart glass bowl at HIGH 2 minutes or until melted, stirring once. Cool and set aside.
- Beat cream cheese and 1/4 cup butter at medium speed with an electric mixer until creamy; gradually add 1/2 cup sugar, beating well.
- Add 2 eggs, 1 at a time, beating until blended. Stir in 1 teaspoon vanilla. Fold in 2 tablespoons flour and 1/2 cup chocolate morsels; set aside.
- Beat remaining 4 eggs in a large bowl at medium speed with an electric mixer. Gradually add remaining 1 1/2 cups sugar, beating well. Add melted chocolate mixture and 2 teaspoons vanilla extract; beat mixture until well blended.
- Combine 1 cup flour, baking powder, and salt; fold into chocolate batter until blended, and stir in remaining 1 cup chocolate morsels.
- Reserve 3 cups chocolate batter; spread remaining batter evenly in a greased 13- x 9-inch pan. Pour cream cheese mixture over batter. Top with reserved 3 cups batter, and swirl mixture with a knife.
- Bake at 325° for 40 to 45 minutes or until a wooden pick inserted in center comes out clean. Cool and cut brownies into squares.
- Caramel Sauce:.
- Melt butter in a heavy saucepan over medium heat; add sugar, and cook, stirring constantly, until mixture boils. Gradually add cream, vanilla, and salt, stirring constantly, until mixture boils. Remove from heat.
- Yields 1 1/2 cups.
- Chocolate Sauce:.
- Bring cream to a boil in a heavy saucepan; remove from heat.
- Add chocolate, stirring until melts.
- Yields 1 3/4 cups.
- **Cook time is just for the brownies and does not include making either of the sauces.

subset: commoncrawl


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WARNING!!!!!! This is your notice and take care with using this hotel.
We requested a room for 3 adults with 2 large beds and a single. We were showing a picture
on the web site with a picture of the room. I have stayed in London before and know the rooms are small so i made extra call to Choice and verfied the room picture was the room i was going to get. The room showed 3 beds in a row. This was good as i know that it would have given us a little bit more room. Yes it would have been long and narrow but it would have been room.
We requested early check in. When arrived the front desk agent (later found out was the manager) said the room just check out and would not be ready to 1pm so no early check in. I understand that those come on a case by case. The manager said that he did see that we had the request for the early check in for the family room. He had advised that he needed credit card to check and charged fees for the whole stay at that point. (Don't do this before seeing what you are getting) He said go out and enjoy your day and he will deliver the bags to the room. This hotel is in a good location to Hyde park and we want to see the things in park and have a good dinner. When we arrived back at 5pm. the front desk had changed staff and the person at the counter gave us the key to the room. We went to the room and yep the bags were there. BUT the room was not the room pictured that we had booked and paid for so went back down to the front desk and explaind the floor plan was not as pictured and also after making a call before leaving the states. I did my home work. It was a clear case of bait and switch. When i asked to speak to the manger she said he was here this morning and i would have to take the room that i have now and talk to him tomorrow. She would not even make a call to him to let him know i was upset with the room. We could not stay in the room as it was way to small for 3 adults. May of been ok for two adutls and a child. but was too small and it was next to the elevator. Found out that the hotel has two family rooms and they are next to the elevator and you can here the people coming up and down on the elevator and even here people in the halls.. Room that small.. The bathroom you can not really get into it. It was so small they need to design it like other europen hotels with a built in floor plan. So with all this said and done and with no help from the front desk to accomade our needs we left the hotel after a hour and got another location to stay at that was 100 % plus better then this hotel. Went the next day to the hotel and talk to the manger as the front desk girl did not want to even refund our money for the room. Talk to the man that took our money the morning before and he said he could not give us the money for the room. He finaly said ok. i will refund your 2nd and 3rd night stay but he would not refund our 1st night even thought we did not stay there and we did not get the room that we had requested. He said he was doing us a favor for refunding our 2nd and 3rd night as he did not need to do that. My friend used her credit card and i did not want them to go back and deal with the situation so i did. I did not have the credit card with me when i went there so he said he could not credit the 2nd and 3rd night room without the card even though we did not stay there. He made me go back to the other side of town and get the credit card and come back again. I have worked in retail alot and you can reverse a charge without a credit card. He was the manger and he check us in on the morning before. He just wanted to make it difficult and not refund the money. He never gave me a receipt for the night stay, so who knows how there booking keeping is done. I stay at a lot of choice hotels and stayed a lot fo places in the world and know about the size of room and i would recomend stay clear of this one.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Comfort Inn Hyde Park is newly renovated in March 2011. This hotel offers an excellent tourist location base to explore London. The Comfort Hotel Hyde Park is located just stones away from the famous Hyde Park and it's museums with only a minute to the park. Walking distance of 10 minutes to Marble Arch, Oxford Street and a short 10 minute commute to Westfield's Shopping Centre. The hotel location is perfect for sightseeing, shopping, dining, business and entertainment which is the heart of London. Walking distance to connect on to the Central Circle District, Hammersmith and city and the Bakerloo Lines. Free Continental breakfast available seven days a week. The reception office is open 24 hours. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Travelocity, Choice Hotels, Booking.com, Hotels.com, Agoda, Orbitz, Priceline, Cancelon, TripOnline SA, Hotwire, Cheap Tickets and HotelQuickly so you can book your Comfort Inn Hyde Park reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Comfort Inn Hyde Park Hotel London
- Park Hotel London
- Comfort Inn Hyde Park London, England


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Akuro was a peasant who fell to the Darkness, becoming Goju Akuro.
Peasant Edit
Akuro lived in a peasant village oversaw by a lecherous magistrate, Hida Yoshiteru, who harassed the maidens of the village, shaming them. Akuro prayed to the Fortunes, requesting Yoshiteru's death. [1]
Goju Edit
Yoshiteru was found killed, but there were no clues about his murderer. One night a Goju appeared to Akuro, telling they had heard his prays, taking the life of the local magistrate. Akuro was transformed in a minion of the Nothing to pay his debt. [1]
|This article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by adding to the information here.


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Alpinetrek expert Ron
"This product is no longer available."
This is either an older model or we can or will no longer reorder this product from the manufacturer.
Don't give up – we have some other alternatives for you to choose from:
Falk - Akkuladestation Ibex 32
Material information & features
- Design:
- Battery charging dock
- Recommended use:
- For Li-ion rechargeable battery; 2000 mAh
- Extras:
- Suitable for Falk Ibex 25/32
- Item No.:
- 590-0075


text:
So its kind of a long story, I went on a date and was wondering if he liked me or not.. so i texted him and said "So I guess you didn't like me? If not its no big deal, just be honest and I will go away forever. Please reply yes or no. If its a no I will not text you one word back! i know this is awkward but I just have to have the truth. go ahead!" so he texted me "yes" but the way I phrased this question could mean yes he did like me.. or yes he doesn't like me. i told him if the answer is no.. i will not text you one word back.. what does his Yes mean?
I can't understand what his "yes" means? PLEASE HELP?
Have an opinion?
What Guys Said 2
So rephrase the question and aks again. Just be honest that you didn't phrase it as well as you could have, ask "Do you. want to go out with me again." Simple as that. Then you know.00|00|0
That's why I prefer calls. No confusions.00|00|0
What Girls Said 0
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text:
Slim wiggle dress with front drape accented with brooch or flowers. Short or elbow length sleeves cut in one with bodice.
For a similar style in Misses' Sizes, see Anne Adams 4920
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
Sources/Vendors Edit
Gallery Edit
[insert your photos of this pattern made up]
Wishlist Edit
[insert your username, and make sure your preferences allow for people to contact you via e-mail. Do not list your email address here!]


text:
Floor Cleaning
88B Ajose Adeogun Street,, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria
07026708211, 08177076012
Carpet & Uphostery Cleaning Company is a floor cleaning services company located in Ikeja, Lagos.
54, Balarabe Musa Crescent, Victoria Island,, Lagos State, Nigeria
+234 1 4543085, 08023176548
+234 1 2706211
O' LA-KLEEN NIGERIA LIMITED is one of the floor cleaning services in Lagos.
11b, Olosa Street, Off Karimu Kotun, Victoria Island, Lagos
234 (0) 7066963333, 234 (0) 8181113499
The German Technology Nigeria Limited, specialises in carpet cleaner, home, garden and car cleaning services.


text:
Getting firsthand information from an actual car owner is one sure way to get an idea of car performance once it leaves the lot. Autobytel features real consumer reviews that give the unbiased experience of a car.
terrific value
Pros: handling/road feel and comfortthis series is a full size vehicle with an enormous trunk that handles the road well. its handling is not mushy like other large units and one seems to know/feel the dimensions of the car making parking a reasonable experience.
© 2017 Autobytel Inc., all rights reserved.
Certain specifications, prices and equipment data have been provided under license from Chrome Data Solutions ("Chrome Data"). © 2012 Chrome Data Solutions, LP. All Rights Reserved. This information is supplied for personal use only and may not be used for any commercial purpose whatsoever without the express written consent of Chrome Data. Chrome Data makes no guarantee or warranty, either expressed or implied, including without limitation any warranty of merchantability or fitness for particular purpose, with respect to the data presented here. All specifications, prices and equipment are subject to change without notice.


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CARBON TI Chainring X-Monosync Ti 1-Speed BCD 76 XX1 style Titanium
Article details
CARBON TI chainring X-monosync Ti 1-fold LK 76 XX1 style Titan
The X-monosync chainrings the Italians to Carbon Ti are CNC machined from a single piece of titanium. The high strength and corrosion resistance of the material titanium ensures a rigid and extremely durable chainring. It was developed for a 1 x 10, 1 x 11 or 1 x 12 drive. The chainrings have special teeth that prevent the chain may come off. The principle follows that of SRAM XX1 chainrings with wide and narrow teeth alternately. In conjunction with an SRAM Type2 / 3 or Shimano Shadow rear derailleur +, which have greatly increased bias of the cage, the chain is reliably held in place without chain guide.
Suitable for all Spider with a XX1 bolt circle of 76 mm.
It will be for fastening the chainring advertised Kettenblattschrauben 'for XX1 "required. These are available in our shop.
Technical specifications:
Material: Titanium Grade 5
Technology: Narrow Wide
bolt circle diameter: 76 mm (SRAM XX1 Standard)
Spider: 4-Arm
Number of teeth: 28, 30, 32, 34 or 36 teeth
Compatibility chain: 9-fold, 10-speed, 11-speed or 12-speed (SRAM Eagle)
chain line: depending on crank or Spider
Color: Titanium natural
Weight: 35g (28 teeth), 42g (30 teeth)
Delivery: 1x X-monosync titanium chainring without Kettenblattschrauben
|Product weight:


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- $21.00
The stories recounted in Barbecued Husbands are as old as humanity: love and hate, jealousy and revenge, life after death, totems and taboos, erotic solitude, romantic love, mothers and daughters, masculinity. All this is discussed with an openness that would surprise a Western psychoanalyst. Most of the stories were narrated by tribespeople in their own languages and the translations were carefully checked with them before they appeared in print. The collaboration between the author and the narrator is close throughout, making this book a unique document and an important reference work. Reading like a novel, this is an oral history suffused with magic realism.
- Publisher: Verso
- Publish Date: October 2002
- Page Count: 310
- Dimensions: 8.1 x 6.3 x 1.12 inches
- Shipping Weight: 1.27 pounds
Related Categories
Books > Social Science > Folklore & Mythology
Books > Social Science > Anthropology - Cultural & Social


text:
BOSTON to SAINT THOMAS, USVI (caribbean) for $265 R/T
Amazing deal: Boston to Saint Thomas, USVI (caribbean) flights roundtrip as low as $265.
Boston, USA
St. Thomas, USVI (caribbean)
Boston, USA
Departure: March (Monday-Wednesday), April – May (Sunday-Wednesday)
Return: March – July
There are few blackouts, but overall lots of tickets. Check your dates.
American Airlines
We do not sell travel products or services. We just provide you with information (how/where) about flight deals or links to websites, where you can read more about it.
Information is valid at time of publication. Due to a high amount of posts – it is hard to track down all expired offers, so sometimes you may not find the price mentioned in the post. It means that the deal was sold out or supplier (airlines/agency) has changed the conditions or removed the offer. To avoid these frustrating situations, you can subscribe to our newsletter, Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler.


text:
THE UPSTART....Is trade policy the "single biggest fault line in today's Democratic Party"? That's what Zack Roth says in the current issue of the Monthly, and he suggests that up-and-comer Tim Ryan, a favorite of the netroots, is just the guy to bridge the divide. Ryan, who represents Ohio's blue-collar 17th district, may be a solid favorite of organized labor (he recently cosponsored a tariff bill aimed at Chinese imports), but it turns out he's also a big fan of Alvin Toffler and the knowledge economy:
That Ryan finds himself claimed as an ally by both sides of the trade divide is more than just clever political positioning. His approach may represent where the party, and the country, is ultimately heading on the issue. Younger people appear far more willing than their elders to acknowledge, as Ryan does, that America can't wall itself off from the global economy. In a recent poll, 41 percent of respondents aged eighteen to thirty-four agreed that free trade deals help the United States. Among respondents fifty and over, that figure was just 18 percent. "Younger people didn't fully live as adults in the world as it used to be," says Lori Kletzer, a trade policy expert at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, a Washington think tank that has generally favored trade liberalization. "So they're more willing to figure out ways to work in a world that has ... job insecurities and vulnerabilities."This has the ring of plausibility to me, and given the importance of young voters to the future of the Democratic Party this may be bad news for the populist wing of the party. Read the whole thing for more.


text:
Search within Atkins website
More specific search? Try these
Project showcase
Angles publication platform
Create PDF document
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How to use PDF generator
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View / Manage bundle
Exceptional IT systems for commercial and public sector clients where information is business and mission critical.
Atkins develops leading edge software solutions for airport authorities, emergency services, telcos and government.
We take pride in our ability to rapidly design and deliver operational systems to meet our clients' requirements. Our vendor independence and proficiency in a wide range of technologies enables us to produce solutions ranging from configured off-the-shelf systems through to bespoke mobile and web applications.
Our approach is based upon establishing a shared understanding of your vision, your objectives and the culture in which you operate. This collaborative approach enables us to better deliver a robust solution that meets your real need.
Atkins' services span the full software development spectrum including business analysis design, implementation, testing, data migration, training and ongoing support and maintenance.
Our project managers, analysts and developers are proficient in industry best-practice techniques and technologies and combine their proven problem solving abilities, excellent communication skills and strong integrity with the ability to work as part of multidisciplinary teams.
Atkins' business analysts use a collaborative approach, engaging with all key project stakeholders, to ensure that they understand and capture the full scope of the real need and the business context in which the software system is required to operate.
Atkins takes pride in putting its clients first and our dedicated customer services department includes a help desk team who are trained, seasoned professionals, responsible for managing all client calls and providing first and second line support. We can call in specialist application developers when necessary.
Atkins delivers complex, mission critical software systems to both public and private sector organisations. Atkins has established an enviable track record of success in delivering identity management solutions to clients like BAA and UK central Government. Our software has supported some of the largest biometric trials in the UK of fingerprint, face, iris and palm vein recognition systems.
Contact Us
Local contacts in our regional offices can be found in the Locations section.
Local language websites exist for Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Asia Pacific. To see a full list of our websites, go to the Our websites page.
In the Sector and Service part of the website, relevant regional contacts have been identified.
Faithful+Gould is a member of the Atkins group of companies.
General enquiries
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Register for our news alerts and receive the latest news and events
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text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Can I hide empty fields on email notifications?Asked by cgskillaccounts on May 20, 2016 at 07:28 AM
JotForm Support
I see that your inquiry had been responded to already on your thread here
Please use that thread if you have further inquiry about the subject.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 9, 2007
|Filing date
|Sep 1, 2000
|Priority date
|Sep 1, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter S. MacLeod
|Original Assignee
|Adobe Systems Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (49), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (23), Classifications (10), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for printing color data from a computer application running on a host computer.
One challenge in color publishing is to reproduce colors the eye sees on a plurality of devices, some of which may have limited color capabilities. Even the best photographic film can capture only a small portion of the colors discernible to the human eye. A computer monitor, in turn, can display only a small fraction of those colors, and a printing press can reproduce fewer colors still.
Color Management Systems
A color management system (CMS) helps to reduce or eliminate color-matching problems and makes color portable, reliable, and predictable. A CMS is a collection of software tools designed to reconcile the different color capabilities of scanners, monitors, printers, image setters, and printing presses to ensure consistent color throughout the print production process. Ideally, this means that the colors displayed on a monitor accurately represent the colors of the final output. It also means that different applications, monitors, and operating systems will display colors consistently.
The total range of colors reproduced by a device is referred to as its "gamut." A color is said to be "out of gamut" when its position in one device's color space cannot be directly translated into another device's color space. For example, the total range of colors that can be reproduced with ink on coated paper is greater than that for uncoated newsprint, so the total gamut for uncoated newsprint is said to be smaller than the gamut for coated stock. In addition, a typical cyan-magenta-yellow-black (CMYK) gamut is generally smaller than a typical red-green-blue (RGB) gamut.
A CMS is most beneficial when designing publications for output devices with small color gamuts, such as printing presses, proofers, and desktop printers. A CMS maps colors from a device with a large color gamut, like a monitor, to a device with a smaller color gamut, like a proofer or printing press, to ensure that all colors on the monitor represent colors that the output device can reproduce.
Before desktop publishing, high-end prepress operators used proprietary, or closed, systems, where all devices were integrated and calibrated to known values in order to work together. Color specialists were highly trained professionals who could work these systems to make a wide variety of adjustments to the color in a scanned image and predict, with reasonable accuracy, what the final printed piece would look like based on their manipulations.
Certain factors in the prepress, printing, film, and video industries have made these high-end proprietary solutions less viable. Desktop publishing has brought about the increase of open production systems. The design and production workflow is no longer confined to a closed system, but may be distributed across many different systems made up of devices from different vendors.
Because each device reproduces color differently, the color you see at one stage of design and production rarely matches what you see at another. In other words, color is device-dependent—the color you see depends on the device producing it. A scanner interprets an image as certain RGB values according to its particular specifications; a particular monitor displays RGB colors according to the specifications of its phosphors; a color desktop printer outputs in RGB or CMYK according to its own specifications, and each press produces printed output according to the specifications followed (e.g., SWOP, TOYO, DIC, etc.) and the type of inks used.
Thus the need for an open color management system to communicate color reliably between different devices and operating systems. Open color management lets you compensate for the differences in these devices and communicate color in a device-independent manner.
Perhaps the most frustrating aspect of working with digital files for color output is that WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) doesn't always apply. The color you work so hard to get "just right" on your monitor doesn't look nearly as right when you print it. The reason is simple.
By their very natures, a monitor and a printing press reproduce color in completely different ways. A monitor use the RGB color model. This is an additive color model where red, green, and blue light is combined to create colors, and combining full intensities of all three make white.
A conventional printing press, by contrast, uses the CMYK color model, in which three colors of transparent ink (cyan, magenta, and yellow) are combined—along with black (noted as K)—in varying amounts to create colors. CMYK is a subtractive color model where the inks filter the white light that reflects back from the paper and subtract some of the red, green, and blue light from the spectrum. The color we see is what's left in the spectrum. Subtracting all colors by combining the CMY inks at full saturation should, in theory, render black. (However, impurities in the existing CMY inks make full and equal saturation impossible; some RGB light does filter through rendering a muddy brown color. Hence, the addition of black ink to CMY.)
Moreover, RGB and CMYK have different color gamuts, or ranges of reproducible colors. RGB monitors can display more colors than can be matched in print. Conversely, some CMYK colors cannot be matched on-screen. Moreover, RGB gamuts vary widely between devices with some gamuts being considerably wider than others. While this may seem beneficial, wider RGB gamuts can be problematic when outputting to a press. The colors in the RGB gamut that are outside the CMYK gamut must be compressed (i.e., mapped to a space within the CMYK gamut). This always entails a loss to the quality of the original design and underscores the feeling that what you see is not what you get.
As explained above, color varies depending on the device which produces it. In other words, each device has its own color space. In a sense, each device speaks its own color language that it can't communicate well to another device. What's needed is an interpreter. A color management system interprets these color languages using a device-independent color model as its neutral color language by which all color information is referenced. The particular color model used is the International Committee on Illumination (CIE) 1931 2-degree standard observer, from which the CIEXYZ (1931) and CIELAB (1976) color spaces can be derived. CIE's standard for measuring color is based on how the human eye perceives it.
The color-managed workflow is fairly straightforward and possesses two major characteristics. First, images are edited in a device-independent color space which is larger than the color space of the output device, such as a computer monitor, a TV screen, film, or a four-color press. Second, image files can be saved with profiles that contain information describing the characteristics of the source and output color devices.
These two considerations make a color-managed workflow advantageous. The image files become portable since they can be repurposed for output on widely differing devices simply by tagging them with different output profiles.
The ICC Color Management Model
In 1993, members of the computer and color publishing industry began working toward a common approach to color management. They formed the International Color Consortium (ICC) in order to establish color standards that would help users achieve reliable and reproducible color throughout the entire reproduction process. They also endorsed an open framework for developing color management systems.
An ICC color management system has three major components:
One of the first decisions made by the ICC was to assign the responsibility for color space transformations to the operating system. Placing the responsibility there meant that color management would not have to be replicated in each application while still being available to all applications. Device color profiles (sometimes referred to simply as "profiles"), which contain information on the color behavior of the various peripherals, provide the data necessary to perform these transformations.
The ICC chose the CIE color model as the device-independent color space for color management. Since device-specific colors from any device can be mapped into a device-independent color space, it's much easier to combine equipment from different vendors into one system and maintain color specifications. Because they are well-defined and reproducible, the CIE color spaces (CIELAB and CIEXYZ) are an excellent language for communicating color information between different systems.
Device Profiles
A color management system must have available to it the characteristics of each device in the production process, namely their color "behaviors" and color gamuts. It gets this information from files called device profiles. A device profile enables the CMS to convert between a device's native color space and a device-independent reference color space (i.e., CIELAB or CIEXYZ).
Each device in the production system has its own device profile, either provided as part of the CMS, available from the device's manufacturer, or included with third party hardware, software, or both. The CMS uses these profiles to convert one device dependent color space into the device independent reference color space and then to a second device dependent color space (that of the output device).
Device profiles characterize a particular device by describing the characteristics of the color space for that device in a particular state. Some devices have only one profile, for example a monitor. Others, like printers, may have several since any changes to the printer state need to be accounted for in a separate profile.
Profiles can also be embedded within image files. Embedded profiles allow for the automatic interpretation of color information as the color image is transferred from one device to another.
Device profiles are divided into three classifications:
1. Input profiles for devices such as scanners and digital cameras (also known as source profiles).
2. Display profiles for devices such as monitors and flat panel screens.
3. Output profiles for devices such as printers, copiers, film recorders, and printing presses (also known as destination profiles).
Color Management System Workflow
This is a two-step process. First the data set is transformed into a device-independent color space referred to as a "profile connection space" (PCS) 110, using an input profile 108 that describes the color behavior of scanner 104. Then the data in profile connection space 110 is transformed into the color space of monitor 102 using display profile 112, which describes the color behavior of monitor 102. In order to print the data, it is transformed from profile connection space 110 to the color space of printer 106 using output profile 114, which describes the color behavior of printer 106.
The Color Management Module (CMM)
The Color Management Module (CMM) is the part of the CMS that maps one gamut to another. When colors consistent with one device's gamut are displayed on a device with a different gamut, a CMM uses device profiles and rendering intents to optimize the displayed colors between the two devices. The CMM does this by mapping the out-of-gamut colors into the range of colors that can be produced by the destination device.
Each CMS has a default CMM, but may support additional CMMs as well. For example, Apple ColorSync 2.0, a CMS for the Mac OS, uses Linotype-Hell's CMM by default, but also supports other CMMs such as those in Kodak's KCMS and Agfa's FotoTune.
Rendering Intent
A CMM maps colors from one device's color space to another according to a rendering intent. The rendering intent determines the method the CMM uses for converting (i.e., mapping) colors from one device's gamut to another. The four rendering intents are perceptual, saturation, relative calorimetric, and absolute colorimetric.
In a conventional color publishing system, the final step in the color publishing process is the printing run, where a printing press creates a large number of color copies of a document for distribution. The printing run is an expensive process, so it is essential that designers know what the colors on the document produced by the printing press will look like before sending it to the printing press. Designers use an emulation process referred to as "color proofing" to simulate the output of the printing press. In color proofing, a printer, referred to as a "proofing printer" is used to emulate the printing press.
Proofing printers are usually CMYK devices which try to emulate what would happen if one used the same CMYK data on another output device such as a conventional offset lithographic press. If a proofing printer had the same gamut as a printing press, the selection of the appropriate rendering intent to use would be straightforward. Unfortunately, in the world of ink-jet printers, the gamuts of devices vary widely depending on what stock is used in the printer, what mode is used to print, and other similar factors.
Both the ICC color architecture and the PostScript™ color management systems define the four rendering intents described above. Usually, an operator simply chooses of these four rendering intents. However, in proofing applications, where one is trying to simulate the output of a printing press using another device with a possibly smaller gamut, these intents may not be sufficient.
For example, if one is attempting to proof a press that has a fairly light black, then using a perceptual intent will scale the dark colors to absolute black, and the resulting print will have too much contrast, and the saturated colors will be much too bright. On the other hand, a calorimetric intent (relative or absolute) might not be a good choice either, because one still might need some gamut compression for good perceptual rendering.
In general, in one aspect, the invention features an apparatus, method and computer program product for transforming data from a source device color space to a destination device color space, wherein the source device is associated with a source device profile and the destination device is associated with a destination device profile. It includes transforming data from the source device color space to an intermediary color space associated with an intermediary color profile using the source device color profile, a source rendering intent, and the intermediary color profile, producing intermediary data; and transforming the intermediary data from the intermediary color space to the destination device color space using the intermediary color profile, a destination rendering intent, and the destination device color profile.
Particular implementations can include one or more of the following features. The source and destination rendering intents are different rendering intents. The source device is a printing press to be emulated; and the destination device is a proofing printer to generate the output of the emulation. The data is received as an output of a graphic arts application. The source rendering intent is a calorimetric rendering intent; and the destination rendering intent is a perceptual rendering intent. The intermediary color profile is a CIELAB color profile or a CIEXYZ color profile. The source and destination rendering intents are the same rendering intents, and the color components of the intermediary data are zeroed before transforming the intermediary data.
Advantages that can be seen in implementations of the invention include one or more of the following. Implementations of the invention can be practiced with any color management system; no proprietary color management module is required. Gamut compression in the saturated colors is preserved while maintaining a realistic black color.
Further features and advantages of the present invention as well as the structure and operation of various implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, the left-most digit of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears.
The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A Color Proofing System
Turning now to
The print request is sent to an operating system 204, such as the Windows OS, using an operating system call. The operating system 204 in turn directs the print request to a page definition language (PDL) printer driver 206. The printer driver 206 translates the operating system calls and generates a print stream that is stored in memory buffer 210.
In one implementation, the printer driver 206 fills the memory buffer 210 with a portion of the print stream. The printer driver 206 then updates a status indicator 212 by sending a message (in one implementation through the operating system) to a raster image processor (RIP) 220 to let RIP 220 know that data is present in the memory buffer 210. The RIP 220 consumes the contents of the memory buffer 210 upon receipt of the message and generates raster data which is suitably encoded for the proofing printer in an encoded raster file 222. The process repeats for each portion of the print stream. Alternatively, memory buffer 210 can be sized to store the entire print stream and RIP 220 may consume all or a predetermined amount of the contents of memory buffer 210 when the message is received.
In a second implementation running on an Apple Macintosh OS, the status indicator 212 is a flag in memory that is modified by the printer driver 206. The RIP 220 periodically monitors the status indicator 212, and clears it after processing the buffer contents.
Generally, the print stream contains a compact description of how each of the pages of the printed page will appear, including the text to appear on the page, the fonts to be used, the graphics or line art to be included, and the colors to be used. The RIP 220 interprets the print stream into one or more display lists. Each display list specifies objects and their corresponding positions on the page as well as color/density information and other characteristics. For example, the display list may specify the text information to be imaged and the position of the text on the page among others.
The RIP 220 then renders the display list instructions constructing a bitmap image of the page to be rendered in memory. For example, the RIP 220 can render the display list instructions forming a bitmap which is stored in a raster data buffer. For color imaging, the RIP may add color information to the raster information. For a color device, each pixel of the raster encodes color information, i.e. instead of a single bit indicating "mark" there is a color value, say R, G, B or C, M, Y, K. Different encodings are possible (interleaved vs. banded). Finally, the RIP encodes the bitmap into a format acceptable to a printer and sends the encoded data (encoded raster file 222) to the printer using an operating system service.
A print stream 226 from memory buffer 210 (
On a Windows-based computer, a spooler program may accept the encoded raster file 222 from the RIP 220 and store the encoded raster file 222 in a memory buffer until it is sent to the selected output device. Alternatively, on a Macintosh computer, an operating system service is available for sending the encoded raster file 222 to the selected output device.
In proofing printer 230, a decoder converts the encoded bitmap image back to raster data. The decoder may also perform other operations such as separating color planes and separating control information from bitmap data. The actual conversion depends on the particularities of the printer's printing mechanism or printhead.
In one implementation, the printer driver 206 is a PostScript™ driver. The PostScript™ driver takes in Graphical Drawing Interface (GDI), QuickDraw or PostScript™ (depending on platform and application) and outputs PostScript™. A PostScript™ print language interpreter 240 of the RIP 220, takes in the PostScript™ stream and outputs marking information and data to a rendering engine 250. The rendering engine 250 renders the marking information and data producing bitmap data in rendered bands that can be transferred to an engine driver 260. The engine driver converts the data into an encoded form (encoded raster file 222) that can be interpreted by proofing printer 230.
In one implementation, the references to ICC profiles are then sent to the rendering engine 250 (step 304) to customize RIP 220 (step 304). These profiles provide the information for a color management framework default color management module (CMM) 252 (
Automatic Selection of Rendering Intents
As described above, the user has selected a profile for a printing press to be emulated (step 402). The process employs the printing press profile to determine the minimum luminance that the printing press can produce (L*E) (step 404).
In one implementation, the minimum luminance that a printer can produce is determined according to the following process for most printers. A patch having maximum CMYK values (that is, 100% for all colorants) is applied to the Device-to-PCS table of the printer profile using relative colorimetric intent. The resulting luminance value is taken as the minimum luminance that the printing press can produce.
When the printer is an inkjet printer, the process is slightly modified because some inkjet printers print lighter as more colored ink is added to black in some modes. According to this modification, a patch having minimum luminance values (i.e. L*=0) is applied to the PCS-to-Device table of the printer profile using relative colorimetric intent to get a CMYK equivalent for the darkest CMYK color that the printer can print. Then the CMYK equivalent is applied to the Device-to-PCS table of the printer profile using relative colorimetric intent. The resulting luminance value is taken as the minimum luminance that the printing press can produce.
The minimum luminance that the printing press can produce (L*E) is compared to a predetermined threshold (step 406). For example, the predetermined threshold can be L*=8.0. If L*E exceeds the threshold, then perceptual rendering intent is selected (step 408). Otherwise, a colorimetric rendering intent is selected (step 410). In one implementation, a composite rendering intent is selected in step 410. The composite rendering intent is discussed in greater detail below. In another implementation, a composite rendering intent is selected in step 408.
Once a rendering intent has been selected and the associated input data has been received (step 412), the process generates output data by transforming the input data using the proofing printer profile as the target, the printing press profile as the source, and the selected rendering intent according to well-known color transformation methods (step 414). The output data is then sent to the proofing printer (step 416).
As described above, the user has selected profiles for a proofing printer (step 502) and a printing press to be emulated (step 504). The process employs the printing press profile to determine the minimum luminance that the printing press can produce (L*E) (step 506) according to the method described above. The process employs the proofing printer profile to determine the minimum luminance that the printing press can produce (L*O) (step 508) according to the same method.
The difference between the minimum luminance that the printing press can produce (L*E) and the minimum luminance that the proofing printer can produce (L*O) is compared to a predetermined threshold (step 510). For example, the predetermined threshold can be 5.0 L*. If the difference exceeds the threshold, then a perceptual rendering intent is selected (step 512). Otherwise, a colorimetric rendering intent is selected (step 514). In one implementation, the colorimetric rendering intent is a relative calorimetric rendering intent. In another implementation, a composite rendering intent is selected in step 514. In another implementation, a composite rendering intent is selected in step 512.
Once a rendering intent has been selected and the associated input data has been received (step 516), the process generates output data by transforming the input data using the proofing printer profile as the target, the printing press profile as the source, and the selected rendering intent according to well-known color transformation methods (step 518). The output data is then sent to the proofing printer (step 520).
As described above, the user has selected profiles for a proofing printer (step 602) and a printing press to be emulated (step 604). The process examines the profiles to compare the gamuts of the proofing printer and printing press (step 606). In one implementation, step 606 includes the following method.
The method begins with an examination of the 'gamut' tags in the ICC profiles for the proofing printer and printing press. These tags contain a 3-dimensional grid of table entries, with a flag at each entry telling whether that entry is in gamut for the device. For each cell in the gamut table which is in-gamut in the source device, the method finds the appropriate cell in the target gamut (which might be a different location in the grid if the grid spacings are different in the two profiles). The method computes the ratio of the number of in-gamut cells in the printing press profile to the number of corresponding cells which are in-gamut in the proofing printer profile. This ratio represents an estimate of the ability of the proofing printer to cover the gamut of the printing press.
If the gamut of the printing press is substantially contained within the gamut of the printer, then a calorimetric rendering intent is selected (step 610). Otherwise, a perceptual rendering intent is selected (step 608). In one implementation, the colorimetric rendering intent is a relative calorimetric rendering intent. In another implementation, a composite rendering intent is selected in step 610. In another implementation, a composite rendering intent is selected in step 608.
Once a rendering intent has been selected and the associated input data has been received (step 612), the process generates output data by transforming the input data using the proofing printer profile as the target, the printing press profile as the source, and the selected rendering intent according to well-known color transformation methods (step 614). The output data is then sent to the proofing printer (step 616).
Composite Rendering Intent
According to one aspect of the present invention, a composite rendering intent is provided. In one implementation, the composite rendering intent uses a colorimetric rendering intent to transform data from an input color space to the profile connection space and a perceptual rendering intent to transform data from the profile connection space to the output color space. It is contemplated that other rendering intents may be used within the composite rendering intent. A rendering intent used to transform data from an input color space to a profile connection space is a source rendering intent. A rendering intent used to transform data from a profile connection space to an output color space is a destination rendering intent.
According to one implementation, a single rendering intent is used for both color transformations in the composite rendering intent. One application of a composite rendering intent using the same two rendering intents is to convert a color that is nearly gray to gray by converting to the CIELAB color space, zeroing the color components (A, B), and converting the result to the destination color space.
The process receives a selection of a printing press profile (step 702) and a proofing printer profile (step 704). In one implementation, these selections are made by a user of the application.
The process selects an intermediary profile for the transform. This profile is associated with a profile connection space, such as CIELAB or CIEXYZ. The process also selects source and destination rendering intents (steps 710 and 712). The selections of steps 708, 710 and 712 may be made automatically by the process, by the user of the graphic arts application, or may be coded into the process before execution. In one implementation, the source rendering intent is calorimetric, the intermediary profile is the CIELAB profile, and the destination rendering intent is perceptual.
The process also receives the data to be transformed (step 714). In the color proofing application described above, the data is a print request generated by a graphic arts application.
The data is transformed from the color space of the printing press to the intermediary color space (step 716). The transformation uses the printing press device profile, a source rendering intent, and the intermediary profile, thereby producing intermediary data.
Next the intermediary data is transformed from the intermediary color space to the proofing printer color space (step 718). The transformation uses the intermediary profile, the destination rendering intent, and the proofing printer profile. The transformation of the data using the composite rendering intent is then complete.
An alternative implementation is contemplated for a system having a color management module that can perform a color space transformation using two rendering intents. In this implementation, no intermediary profile is required, and the transformation is a single step. The data is transformed from the source device color space to the destination device color space using the source device color profile, a source rendering intent, a destination rendering intent, and the destination device color profile.
Exemplary Computer System
The present invention may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and may be implemented in a computer system or other processing system. In fact, in one implementation, the invention is directed toward one or more computer systems capable of carrying out the functionality described herein. An exemplary computer system 800 is shown in
Computer system 800 also includes a main memory 808, preferably random access memory (RAM), and can also include a secondary memory 810. The secondary memory 810 can include, for example, a hard disk drive 812 and/or a removable storage drive 814, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, etc. The removable storage drive 814 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit 818 in a well known manner. Removable storage unit 818, represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive 814. As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit 818 includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data.
In alternative implementations, secondary memory 810 may include other similar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system 800. Such means can include, for example, a removable storage unit 822 and an interface 820. Examples of such include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) and associated socket, and other removable storage units 822 and interfaces 820 which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit 818 to computer system 800.
Computer system 800 can also include a communications interface 824. Communications interface 824 allows software and data to be transferred between computer system 800 and external devices. Examples of communications interface 824 can include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot and card, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface 824 are in the form of signals which can be electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received by communications interface 824. These signals 826 are provided to communications interface 824 via a channel 828. This channel 828 carries signals 826 and can be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a phone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link and other communications channels.
In this document, the terms "computer program medium" and "computer usable medium" are used to generally refer to media such as removable storage device 818, a hard disk installed in hard disk drive 812, and signals 826. These computer program products are means for providing software to computer system 800.
Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored in main memory 808 and/or secondary memory 810. Computer programs can also be received via communications interface 824. Such computer programs, when executed, enable the computer system 800 to perform the features of the present invention as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, when executed, enable the processor 804 to perform the features of the present invention. Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of the computer system 800.
In an implementation where the invention is implemented using software, the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system 800 using removable storage drive 814, hard drive 812 or communications interface 824. The control logic (software), when executed by the processor 804, causes the processor 804 to perform the functions of the invention as described herein.
In another implementation, the invention is implemented primarily in hardware using, for example, hardware components such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Implementation of the hardware state machine so as to perform the functions described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s). In yet another implementation, the invention is implemented using a combination of both hardware and software.
While various implementations of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be placed therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described example implementations, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.
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|Method of and apparatus for correcting color of print medium, and proofer used therein
|International Color Consortium, "File Format for Color Profiles", Specification ICC.1:Sep. 1998, http://www.color.org/ICC-1<SUB>-</SUB>1998-09.PDF, 1998, 134 pages.
|International Color Consortium, "Glossary of Terms", White Paper #5, http://www.color.org/ICC<SUB>-</SUB>white<SUB>-</SUB> paper5glossary.pdf, Dec. 2004, 25 pages.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
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|Apr 13, 2001
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|Hewlett Packard
|Document-to-printer color gamut matching
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|Xerox Corporation
|Method and system for device-independent color gamut mapping
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|Adobe Systems Incorporated
|Color conversion preserving global and local image characteristics
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|Color conversion coefficient creating device, color conversion coefficient creating method, and computer readable medium storing a program for color conversion coefficient creation
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|Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc.
|System and method for printer emulation
|Jan 23, 2009
|Aug 20, 2013
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Image revising method, image forming apparatus and method for revising image spreading
|Oct 28, 2011
|Dec 31, 2013
|Microsoft Corporation
|Theming engine
|Apr 11, 2013
|Nov 4, 2014
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Image revising method, image forming apparatus and method for revising image spreading
|Nov 25, 2014
|Mar 15, 2016
|Decopac, Inc.
|Online decorating system for edible products
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|Apr 19, 2016
|Decopac, Inc.
|Online decorating system for edible products
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|Decopac, Inc.
|Online decorating system for edible products
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|Jul 25, 2017
|Decopac, Inc.
|Online decorating system for edible products
|Apr 13, 2001
|Oct 17, 2002
|Hudson Kevin R.
|Document-to-printer color gamut matching
|Jul 14, 2003
|Feb 3, 2005
|Kress William C.
|Printer profile mapping of input primaries to output primaries
|Jan 14, 2004
|Jul 14, 2005
|Xerox Corporation
|Method and system for device-independent color gamut mapping
|May 13, 2004
|Nov 17, 2005
|Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc.
|System and method for printer emulation
|Mar 30, 2005
|Oct 12, 2006
|Quark, Inc.
|Systems and methods for media production color management
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|Oct 12, 2006
|Quark, Inc.
|Systems and methods for importing color environment information
|Apr 17, 2007
|Jan 17, 2008
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Color conversion coefficient creating device, color conversion coefficient creating method, and computer readable medium storing a program for color conversion coefficient creation
|Apr 17, 2007
|Feb 14, 2008
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Device, method, and program storage medium for color conversion, and for generating color conversion coefficients
|Jan 8, 2008
|Sep 4, 2008
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Host device having a printer driver and control method of the printer driver
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|Microsoft Corporation
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|U.S. Classification
|358/1.9, 358/523
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 1, 2000
Owner name: ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MACLEOD, PETER S.;REEL/FRAME:011061/0732
Effective date: 20000828
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Georgina Stokes Model
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AP Team Lead (Intercompany, Banking, Scanning) (mazowieckie)
Hays Accountancy Finance – Ogłoszenie dodane: 15 lis 2012
AP Team Lead (Intercompany, Banking, Scanning) Lódź NR REF.: 1028914 Our client, a prestigious and highly respected global company from Western Europe, is planning to establish and develop a Finance Shared Service Centre in Lodz and is urgently seeking an AP Team Lead (Intercompany, Banking, Scanning). AP Team Lead will take part in migration of AP process to SSC and will be responsible for identifying process improvement opportunities and implementing them. Main responsibilities on the position will also include overseeing the operations of the team on a daily basis so that business objectives were realized within the given guidelines and policies. The duties will also involve performing advanced processing for specific payables transactions of a more complex and sensitive nature (areas: Intercompany, Banking), respond to critical vendor and internal client inquiries (first level escalation cases) and assist in establishing and maintaining strong, collaborative relationships with internal and external customers and ensure customer satisfaction. Additionally the duties will include ensuring qualification, motivation and development of the team members as well as backup planning, employee performance rating and development planning.We are seeking candidates with at least 5 years of previous experience in accountancy area (AP) and 2 years of experience in supervisory function. Profound accounting experience and general knowledge of SAP R3 (or other ERP system) is required. Very good English is a must. University degree in Economics or similar would be an advantage. Working experience within a SSC/BPO would be an asset.Our client offers interesting job in professional and multinational environment, attractive salary and benefits are also provided.To apply for this position and monitor your progress click the Applybutton.Please attach below clause to your application:I hereby authorize your company to process the attached personal information strictly for the purposes of job recruitment pursuant to the Personal Data Protection Act of 29 August 1997 (Journal of Laws (Dz.U) No. 133, item 883)….


text:
Hey Everyone,
I've just read the entirety of the following post (http://community.spiceworks.com/topic/88999?page=1) and I reckon that you folks here know plenty enough to maybe help me out with some basic pointers to do with virtualisation investigation and hardware, can't seem to easily locate another un-biased virtualisation forum. Have tried SpiceWorks in the past (talking a few years ago) but nothing recent, so would like to try it again in a virtual environment alongside some other stuff.
I'll try to make this as short as possible but with all the details - sorry if it's wall of text overload!
Existing Experience
Windows Server Admin, Hyper-V Server installation/config , VMWare Player, Virtual PC
What I Want To Do
- Run a few servers/clients virtually for training purposes, this I reckon I could accomplish on my laptop (2.53Ghz Core 2 Duo P9500, 4Gb RAM, 200Gb 7,200 spin HD (that needs more space) using VMWare Player/Workstation 7 (best option as far as I can see) as I'll prob only have maybe four VM's running at a time, couple of servers, couple of clients, spiceworks etc. This may be pushing it ?
- Testing hypervisor options: Xen/XenServer / ESXi / Hyper-V / Virtual Box
- Practice configuring and managing said hypervisors, ie moving VMs from one box to another, backup, DR scenarios etc.
What I've Read/Realize About The Above
- Possible, would have to test the system capabilities once the VMs are running. Will need more HD space, this'll either be a replacement of the internal drive or an eSata Seagate 1Tb BlackArmor Job (ST310005BWA1E2-RK) which should be quick enough.
- Not possible on a single laptop, able to install hypervisors in Server 2008 Core / Virtual Box but not able to run VMs inside. So for this I'd need at least one separate box running a hypervisor and a second if I want to practice shifting VM's from one to another.
- See 2. Also thinking it is still possible to partition the HD's on the boxes to allow two different hypervisor installs and a storage partition for sharing VMS? Ie [P1: Hyper-V | P2: ESXi | P3: VM Storage ] - any known problems with that idea?
What I'm Thinking
From the start I've got to say I'm on a bit of a budget, currently unemployed, so I need to take costs in to consideration, but as this is mentally being written down as training costs / CPD then spending a bit more for a correct solution is not to be ruled out.
Having scouted the current quad core landscape I'm thinking of a couple of basic boxes based on the AMD Athlon II X4 620 CPUs with a healthy does of RAM (4Gb-8Gb) and a pair of 500Gb/1Tb in RAID 1 per box for storage.
The main question is: Would any of the main three hypervisors even run on this desktop hardware? I know I should be able to coerce Server 2008 on to it at least. I've checked the HCLs and of course they all list correct server hardware for production environments (which is of course the right thing) not generic consumer hardware that I'm trying to get away with. Any ideas or am I trying to go about this the wrong way?
Feel free to digest over a coffee or two, chew my above ramblings over and then fire back at me all crinkle clean and fresh smelling, or a few frowns and directions to "go read this first" will do just as nicely :)
Cheers for any contributions!
45 Replies
Apr 4, 2010 at 9:20 UTC
Yeah, I think you'll have the biggest problems getting ESXi to run on whitebox hardware. Often it'll install and run but there's really a lack of documentation out there so it's a bit of a crap shoot.
Hyper-V will probably be the easiest, with the Xen flavors somewhere in the middle.
You can also drop it down to 2 boxes and simple install OpenFiler as a VM and share the storage out as iSCSI storage. That way you can test LiveMigration and other shared storage technologies without having to get a third box.
Apr 4, 2010 at 9:31 UTC
Roger, OpenFiler as VM, so that removes the 3rd partitions from the HDDs. Was only thinking of two boxes, think I may have confused things by then talking about three partitions on the drives.
Another thought is that I could swing towards a couple of cheap dual-core server boxes, that would at least let everything run but then limit the number of VMs I'd have up at once, tbh though the VM's aren't going to be doing much except idling whilst I'm testing things.
Apr 4, 2010 at 9:37 UTC
AMD has a pretty cheap quad-core, but I don't know if it has the AMD-V extension... if it does it would be a great choice.
Apr 4, 2010 at 9:55 UTC
Cheapest AMD Quad is the 620 I mentioned, sub $100, AMD-V ext, easily overclockable, but again only whitebox. I'd go scour the HP and Dell configurators but the Dell T100 one is offline atm so can't see if they do a Core i3 in it, that would at least give 2Cores/4Threads, they do it in the T310 but those state at $929.
I'll have to admit this, never heard the term "whitebox" before but now I have it makes sense. Done some digging on that term and ESX and found:
Looks like I might have some luck, now to find something that's cross compatible between all three
Apr 4, 2010 at 10:43 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
That's how I run OpenFiler. Virtualized on Xen on AMD Quad Core (but HP Proliant, not whitebox.)
Roger, OpenFiler as VM, so that removes the 3rd partitions from the HDDs. Was only thinking of two boxes, think I may have confused things by then talking about three partitions on the drives.
Another thought is that I could swing towards a couple of cheap dual-core server boxes, that would at least let everything run but then limit the number of VMs I'd have up at once, tbh though the VM's aren't going to be doing much except idling whilst I'm testing things.
I'd skip dual core these days. Quad is SO cheap.
Apr 4, 2010 at 10:46 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
Look at the HP DL185 and DL165 servers. Very cheap but still enterprise class units with quad core AMD. Personally I wouldn't use whitebox. If it isn't worth buying quality goods is it really worth your time to work on it?
Apr 4, 2010 at 10:54 UTC
Good points Scott - problem I've got at the moment is I'm pretty fresh in to Canada and HP's Canadian site is telling me it ain't interested in providing prices for the servers, I need to seek a retail partner, and tbh, I'm not sure where to look. If I was back in the UK it'd be a different matter alltogether :)
So, Openfiler on Xen, Quad Cores.
Just been looking at VMWare Server compared to ESXi, except for the fact that it's Type-2 instead of Type-1 does anyone know how similar they are in terms of use?
Apr 4, 2010 at 10:59 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
That is correct, HP cannot sell direct in Canada. You can buy from CDW.
Apr 4, 2010 at 11:01 UTC
Cannot sell direct eh, I'm finding out a lot of things. Out of curiosity why? I'm so used to them being available it's odd :)
Er, "Us"? - Sorry still new on here :)
Apr 4, 2010 at 11:22 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
No idea why. We've tried to buy from them as we are a partner and a reseller and they couldn't sell to us. They directed us to the big suppliers for parts there. Canada is massively hampered in many ways as far as acquiring technology.
We often ship across the border to get better options for our customers.
Apr 5, 2010 at 12:03 UTC
Probably for the same reason why a lot of resellers can't sell in the US. The FCC, or in this case, the EMC.
Regulatory influence is a big issue in a lot of sales. If you can't get it approved, you can't import it. Mexico is about the only country in the western hemisphere that really doesn't give a crap about what is imported. Hence why they get cool things like the Ford Focus RS and not so cool things like leaded gas. Of course, we look at their economy and country because of this, and generally avoid becuase of the rampant corruption.
Apr 5, 2010 at 12:06 UTC
Apr 5, 2010 at 3:33 UTC
This is my cheap "white box" test/lab system:
- Processor: AMD Phenom X4 955 Black 3.2 Ghz
- Motherboard: MSI 785GM-E51
- RAM: 8 GB Kingston
- Hard disk: Seagate 250 GB
Run XenServer smoothly and no issue whatever on installation or when creating VMs.
But for production go with Scott's suggestion (or using HP ML 330 and above Series).
Apr 5, 2010 at 8:23 UTC
I just finished this How To this morning:
Apr 5, 2010 at 9:10 UTC
I got a test environment currently running at home. What i got is Dell Studio XPS 435. It comes with I920 then upgrade to 24Gb of DDR3 (cost around $645). The XPS 435 is replaced by 9000. On Storage you can either use NAS (i bought EMC Imega which fully support VMWare). cost around 200 bucks. I am running both Hyper V and VMware. I got Hyper-V environment completely with PDC, Exchange, Citrix PS 4. on. On VMware i am currently working on it but i did test with VMware before i wipe it off and it run perfectly either Virtual environment.
Apr 5, 2010 at 9:41 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
For testing you can just use the internal drives too.
Apr 5, 2010 at 4:13 UTC
Cheers for the link Bob - will add it to my list of info.
I'm thinking of leaning towards just one box now for the moment to test Hyper-V Server, VMWare Server (not ESXi atm) and Xen on different drives.
Thanks for the info/tips, I'll update when I've a firmer idea of what box I'm looking at.
Apr 5, 2010 at 4:58 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
Are you familiar with Linux? If not, I would use XenServer, not Xen.
I would skip VMWare Server (not ESXi.) Not in the ballpark of these serious virtualization platforms.
Apr 5, 2010 at 6:20 UTC
Not yet SAM, tis on my list of things to expand in to. Have used Linux in the past, circa 6-8 years ago at Uni, and have had limited use of Ubunutu installs / web servers more recently.
I'll stick to testing Hyper-V / XenServer for the time being then, should make hardware choice easier, and then sidegrade to trying ESXi at a later date.
Apr 5, 2010 at 7:36 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
Yeah, I would avoid Xen then. Xen is a great product and what I use but deep knowledge of Linux makes it a lot easier to administer.
Apr 7, 2010 at 1:49 UTC
Ok, been doing a bit of digging, HP's new ML110 G6 variant looks like it could be a good, budget, candiate for training purposes.
Basic Spec: 2.53Ghz Quad Core Xeon with HT so 8 threads, 2Gb RAM, 250Gb HDD, server (budget) class board etc etc and an economical 300W PSU.
Details about using it in virtualisation lab:
Comments there indicate that it will happily run 12Gb of RAM and that ESX(i) v4 is happy with it's CPU/NIC and HD controller (once set correctly).
Official drivers available for Servr 2008 and therefore ergo Hyper-V should be happy.
XenServer - will, haven't checked in to that yet, thought I might ask you folks for opinions as you'll know more than me about it.
Appears that I should be able to pick one up in Vancouver for $595 CAN ex tax (11%) and then need to add some more RAM/HDDs.
Apr 7, 2010 at 10:17 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
Greg, verify that that server supports virtualization. Not all HP 1xx servers do! I believe that that one now does in the G6 variant but get your HP rep to verify that before ordering.
Although from that blog it looks like you are all set.
The G7 will be out very soon.
Apr 7, 2010 at 11:09 UTC
G7 out soon? The ML1xx G6 variant was only updated Q4 '09 - I didn't think HP refreshed that quickly?
Correct me if I'm wrong (which I probably am) but I thought that the only true requirement for allowing virtualisation was the VT-x or AMD-V extensions in the CPU? The rest of the hardware is simply an exercise in driver availability/certification.
The Xeon X3440 chip in there has VT-x and VT-d, Trusted Ex. and Ex. Bit Disable.
Slap me round te face with a kipper and let me know what I'm missing, I need to know if there are futher requirements otherwise I'll be forever looking at HW wondering :)
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Mustard seed, one of the oldest of spices, adds warmth and heat to your dishes. It's spicy, peppery flavor goes well with other pungent spices like garlic and chilies.
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