text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 23, 1991
|Filing date
|Dec 29, 1989
|Priority date
|Dec 29, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|McKee D. Poland
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (56), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a keyboard emulator type of data collection device, and more particularly to improvements in the operator interface thereof whereby the operator is assured of the successful collection of encoded character data and transmission of that data to the keyboard port of a host computer even if the operator is not viewing the decoded data as it is processed by the computer.
A keyboard is an example of a manual data collection device for a computer system. Typically, an operator depresses keys similar to those of a typewriter or an adding machine, and the individual keystrokes are sequentially converted by built-in switches and logic circuitry within the keyboard unit into a sequence of keyscan codes, each corresponding to the actuation of a key on the keyboard. The sequence of keyscan codes is thereafter converted into a corresponding sequence of alphanumeric (e.g., A-Z, a-z, 0-9), symbol (e.g., !, @, #, $, %) and/or function (e.g., [enter], [backspace], etc) character codes. A commonly used set of such character codes is the 7-bit ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) code, which also exists in various "extended" 8-bit versions.
In many small computer systems, including the ubiquitous "IBM-compatible personal computer", a keyboard unit transmits keyscan codes to a system unit via a keyboard port, and the system unit converts the keyscan codes to character codes which serve as input data to various user-oriented applications programs. Two sets of such keyscan codes are in common use, a "Code 1" code set typically associated with the original IBM PC and characterized by only 10 function keys and an integrated numeric/cursor keypad, and a "Code 2" code set associated with the IBM AT and characterized by 12 function keys and dedicated cursor keys.
In such a system, a programmed microprocessor inside the keyboard unit performs a number of functions, including self-test, scans the individual keys to determine their respective states, generates a keyscan code each time one of the keys changes state ("make" or "break"), stores up to 16 keyscan codes in a buffer, and transfers each keyscan code from the buffer to the system unit in accordance with a defined hand-shake protocol. Two such IBM compatible protocols are in common use, which will be referred to herein as "Mode 1" (typically associated with the IBM PC XT) and "Mode 2" (typically associated with the IBM PC AT and the IBM PS/2).
The system unit's operating system software and hardware, typically including Basic Input Output System (BIOS) firmware provided by the computer manufacturer, then converts the keyscan code signal appearing at the keyboard port into a corresponding sequence of character codes and/or status flags in a form usable by the application programs. In particular, a keyboard I/O driver (or a special purpose driver included as part of a particular application program) handles the "hand-shake" protocol used to transfer keyscan data from the keyboard unit to the computer, defines which keys are given the attributes of typematic, shift, toggle, and/or control, and updates one or more shift state flags used to process the next incoming keyscan code. The actual code and protocol used will depend on the type of computer: The most common types of keyboards are the 84 key keyboard typically used with the IBM PC XT (Code 1) and the "enhanced" 101/102 key keyboard typically associated with the IBM PC AT (Code 2). These two computer types are normally associated respectively with the two aforementioned protocols (Mode 1 and Mode 2); however, as exemplified by certain of the IBM PS/2 personal computers, it is also possible to use a Code 1 code set with a Mode 2 protocol, although most PS/2 models use the Mode 2/Code 2 combination. (In fact, the IBM PS/2 system units are typically programmed to accommodate both the Code 1 and the Code 2 keyscan code sets, as well with a third keyscan code set, known as "Code 3").
When using such an arrangement of keyboard unit and system unit, the operator may press and release the keys faster than the corresponding keyscan codes can be read (and processed into character codes) by the system unit. If the rate at which keyscan codes are entered into the keyboard buffer exceeds the rate at which the keyscan codes are removed from the buffer for transmission, the result will be a "keyboard buffer overflow" condition, which is signified to the system unit of IBM compatible computers by a special keyscan code. The system unit BIOS reacts to this special keyscan code by executing a "Beep" routine, which activates a small loudspeaker or other sound transducer inside the system unit, and thus provides the operator with an audible warning. A similar situation will also be true for the keyboards connected not directly to a system unit, but rather to a terminal connected to a remote host computer, in which case either the remote computer or built in logic within the terminal will detect a benign keyboard error condition and cause a sound transducer inside the terminal to generate a distinctive Beep. It should be noted that the keyboard buffer overflow condition is "benign" in the sense that it has no adverse influence on the operation of the computer system unit (or computer terminal), and the normal operation of the computer continues, but accompanied by an audible signal which alerts the operator to a possible corruption of input data from the keyboard.
Other data collection devices usable with computer systems and computer terminals include contact barcode readers, non-contact (e.g. laser) barcode readers, magnetic stripe readers, electrical multimeters, OCR scanners, and electronic weighing scales.
To accommodate these other types of data input devices (as well as variety of other input and output devices) a small computer typically is also provided with a serial port and the necessary software and hardware to read and write ASCII data to and from the serial port.
A keyboard emulation device may be defined as a data collection device which transmits data to a computer as keyscan codes through the computer's keyboard I/O port, but which obtains the data from a source other than actuation of physical keys on a keyboard unit by an operator. It translates the data it collects into a format acceptable to the computer operating system and transmits the data through the keyboard port according to the standard protocol for the keyboard I/O channel.
Application software created for use with manual keyboard input will thus also work with a keyboard emulator type of data collection device without any modifications to either the application program or the computer operating system. The keyboard emulator can complement or replace the keyboard unit for a given application, allowing efficient data entry. Normally, the keyboard emulator physically connects between the existing keyboard unit and computer, allowing the keyboard unit to remain active in the system, but inserting its own data into the I/O channel when data collection occurs, which may be termed a "T-connector" Mode. A "Keyboard Replacement" Mode is also possible, wherein the keyboard emulator is the only device connected to a particular keyboard port and takes over responsibility for all functions at that port. A particularly important category of keyboard emulation deVices, at least from a commercial point of view, are devices which may be plugged directly into the keyboard port of an "IBM-PC compatible" personal computer without any modifications to the system unit or to any of software used therewith.
Regardless of whether the data originates from a keyboard, from a keyboard emulation device, or from another type of data collection device, it is preferable to provide the operator with visual and/or audible feedback. One example of such feedback is the display of the characters on the computer's video monitor as they are being input from the keyboard. In addition, keyboard units are frequently provided with mechanical or electrical means to generate an audible "click" each time a key is depressed, which provides an audible form of operator feedback. In the case of ASCII data which is input via a serial port, appropriate operator feedback is sometimes provided by means of a special software driver or application program that produces the desired feedback when it detects transmission of ASCII data.
Although the ASCII character set includes a "Bell" character (ASCII 00710) which typically causes the MS-DOS operating system to generate a Beep (using the computer's built-in sound transducer) if echoed to the display device, many software programs either ignore the Bell character or treat it as just another displayable symbol ( or G). Using a special driver or application program with a keyboard emulation device is especially undesirable because it defeats its primary advantage, which is software transparency. Rather than relying on special application programs and/or device drivers (with their attendant potential incompatibility problems) to properly interpret a special control character as audible feedback, it has thus become common to provide data collection devices (other than keyboards) with a dedicated sound transducer to provide audible feedback each time the input device is activated by the operator and completes a successful operation (such as reading a barcode or other machine readable data compatible with the device). In the case of a data collection device that is intended for use with the serial port of the system unit, this may be accomplished by means of an optional module between the data collection device and the computer's serial input, which is designed to monitor the data line from the input device and produces an audible tone whenever data is being transmitted.
Prior art keyboard emulation systems often employed a sound transducer to provide audible feedback to the user or operator in the form of a beeper module. The beeper module was designed as an integral part of the keyboard emulation system; however, it added cost and bulk to the system, resulted in a product that was inconvenient to hold and/or utilized a separate chassis for the electronics (which was less desirable from an ergonomic point of view), and, since openings in the system package are needed to allow the sound to escape efficiently, compromised the mechanical integrity and sealing of the keyboard emulation system.
When inputting data both from the keyboard and from the data collection device using barcode data in accordance with a symbology (such as Code 128) that has distinct representations for upper and lower case alphabets, it is necessary to verify that any "Caps Lock" key on the associated keyboard had not been left in its "on" state before data was transmitted by the keyboard emulator to the computer. The operator could accomplish this by visually examining a "Caps Lock" indicator on the keyboard or computer screen or by visually examining the input data as displayed on the computer screen. Alternatively, some data collection devices were able to compensate for a set shift state flag automatically, presumably by monitoring all transmissions from the keyboard for Caps Lock and/or Shift keyscan codes, from which it would then be possible to deduce the current state of the shift state flag; however, such an "open loop" solution was inherently unreliable and interfered with the optimal utilization of the emulator's processing capacity.
A presently preferred embodiment of the invention consists of a method and related apparatus for scanning a barcode symbol into a legal sequence of bars and spaces that may be decoded into a valid sequence of character codes and transmitted as a sequence of keyscan codes in such a way that the keyscan code sequence will be properly decoded by the computer back into the same valid sequence of character codes represented by the originally scanned barcode symbol, without requiring the operator to visually examine the data as it is processed by the computer.
In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, the computer's system unit generates a distinctive audible signal from the system unit's own sound transducer in response to the successful decode of a barcode label in a keyboard emulation barcode reader. To initiate the generation of such a Beep by the system unit, the keyboard emulation system simulates an error condition which does not affect the operation of any application programs and which does not require any modifications to the operating system or any special device drivers for its proper operation.
In the particular case of IBM-compatible personal computers, there are typically two special keyscan codes for indicating a benign error condition that will initiate the generation of the desired Beep, but not otherwise interfere with the computer's normal processing of data: 00H and FFH (the H signifies a number in hexadecimal notation). These particular keyscan codes do not actually correspond to keys on the IBM keyboard, but may signify one of two keyboard errors to BIOS: the overflow of the keyboard unit's internal buffer or a key detection error. Standard versions of BIOS respond by simply discarding the error keyscan code and generating a Beep, and thus the error is "benign" in so far as it has no effect on the normal operation of the computer or on any application program. The sound of such a Beep and the firmware and hardware actually used to generate it may vary amongst models of PC's, but, by the very definition of "IBM compatible" the action taken by the computer's BIOS is consistent. The keyboard emulator system thus is able to provide the operator with an audible confirmation of a successful data collection operation by merely simulating an error in the input process to which the system responds by sounding a Beep to alert the operator to an input error condition that normally would require operator attention. Moreover, since the system unit already includes the necessary sound transducer hardware and firmware to alert the operator in the event such an error occurs, a keyboard emulator system constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention no longer needs its own dedicated sound transducer and associated drivers to provide the operator with audible confirmation of a successful read; for the great majority of application programs, this is accomplished regardless of what application programs are actually running and without any modification to the system unit or any of its operating system software.
In one particular embodiment, the keyboard emulator is adapted to interpret specially encoded bar codes printed in a standard symbology such as Code 128, such that sequences of characters within the symbology are mapped to keyscan codes, including the above-mentioned error keyscan code. Since the decoded information is transmitted to the system unit only if it has been successfully read and decoded, it is merely necessary to add the particular keyscan code signifying a keyboard error on the label which will be scanned by the data entry device in order to provide the operator with audible confirmation each time the label is successfully read during a subsequent data collection operation.
In another embodiment having more general applicability, the keyboard emulator system assembles the successfully collected data into a message which additionally incorporates the special keyscan code, for example, in a header that is attached at the beginning of each transmission of data to the system unit. In this case, no special decoding and conversion of barcode data to keyscan codes is necessary. The special keyscan code is merely appended as the decoded barcode ASCII characters are converted to a stream of keyscan codes.
In accordance with a second but related aspect of the invention, when used with an IBM PC AT or other IBM Mode 2 compatible system unit, the keyboard emulator uses the IBM compatible Mode 2 protocol "Reset Status Indicators" command to obtain current keyboard status information maintained by the system unit, including the state of the Caps Lock flag, so that if necessary that flag may be reset to a predetermined "off" state prior to transmitting any keyscan codes; alternatively the keyscan codes may be "preshifted" before transmission. As a result, there is no need for the operator to visually verify that the character data from the keyboard emulator have not been inadvertently shifted by the computer's operating system before being made available to any resident application program.
Preferably, the keyboard emulator includes means for automatically detecting when a particular keyboard communication protocol is in use (for example Mode 2 protocol used by the IBM PC AT and IBM PS/2), and, unless a specific protocol has been preconfigured by the user, uses that information to establish how the scan data is to be translated and transmitted to the computer and/or if and how to determine the current keyboard status information maintained by the computer.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a presently preferred embodiment of the invention in actual use with a barcode reader as its data collection device;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the major components shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the switching circuitry for temporarily isolating the communications module shown in block form in FIG. 2 from any attached keyboard;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of the operation of the communication module during initialization;
FIGS. 5A and 5B respectively are flow diagrams of the operation of the communication module following a successful or unsuccessful scan attempt by the barcode reader; and
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the emulation of upper and lower case characters when using a Mode 2 keyboard protocol.
FIG. 1 shows a presently preferred embodiment of the invention in the form of a wand shaped self-contained barcode scanning unit 10 which has a cable 12 terminated by a T-connector 14 for interfacing the wand with the computer's system unit 16 and its keyboard unit 18 via cable 20.
The wand 10 preferably is about 160 mm long and about 23 mm in diameter, and is shaped so as to be conveniently held in one hand of an operator. At the end 22 remote from the cable 12, there is provided a transparent window 24 which is slid across the label 26 bearing the code which is to be read. The wand 10 transmits data to the computer's system unit 16 only after a barcode 26 has been scanned, and provides an otherwise transparent interface between the computer's keyboard and system units. The aforementioned Keyboard Replacement mode is a possible alternate for the T-Connector mode shown in FIG. 1; in that case no keyboard unit 18 is plugged into the T-connector 14 and only the wand 10 is thus connected to the keyboard port 28 of the system unit 16.
Referring to FIG. 2, which is a block diagram of the major components shown in FIG. 1, it should be noted that the keyboard unit 18 is unchanged from what is conventionally used with the a typical small computer such as an IBM PC-compatible personal computer and the keyboard unit is thus represented in simple block form. The same is true for the computer system unit 16; however, a keyscan conversion means (BIOS keyboard interrupt service routine 30) and a keyboard buffer overflow means (for example, error entry point K62 and associated loudspeaker or other sound transducer 32) have been separately shown, since the functional and structural relationship of these otherwise conventional components with the various components internal to the keyboard emulation system 10 is an important aspect of the invention.
The wand 10 is a derivative of a barcode reader sold by Hewlett Packard under the trademark SmartWand and documented in various Hewlett Packard publications, including the "HP SmartWand Programmable Contact Bar Code Reader Technical Data Sheet" dated January 1988 and the "HP SmartWand Users Manual for HBCR-8XXX Series" dated July 1987. Wand 10 comprises a conventional optoelectronic sensor head 34 which may used to scan various types of barcodes, including Code 39, Extended Code 39, Interleaved 2 of 5, UPC/EAN/JAN, Codabar, Code 128, Code 11, and MSI Code. The wand 10 also comprises an Intel 8051 family (or equivalent) microcontroller 36 operating under the control of a time interval acquisition module 38, a number of decoding modules 40, a code-converting module 42, and an initialization/communication module 44. The various modules are in the form of firmware fixed in a ROM; non-volatile memory 46 is used to store configuration data; a temporary store 48 is also provided for the data being processed by the above mentioned modules.
The digital microcontroller 36 is interfaced to the optoelectronic sensor head 34 via a conventional threshold detector circuit 50; microcontroller 36 is also interfaced to the signals present on cable 12 and T-connector 14 via an appropriate switchable electrical interface 52, as will be described in more detail hereinafter with respect to FIG. 3. Moreover, the above mentioned electronic and electro-optical components and subsystems inside the wand 10 all draw their power from the system unit 16 via the cable 12 and the T-connector 14.
Referring to FIG. 3, it may be seen that the switching interface circuitry 52 between the microcontroller 36 and the T-connector 14 comprises a pair of analog switches 54a, 54b which are driven by a common control signal SWITCH. When SWITCH is high, the two switches 54a and 54b are closed and the CLOCK and DATA lines from the keyboard port 28 and from the microcontroller 36 are directly connected to the keyboard unit 18; conversely, when SWITCH is low, the keyboard 18 is isolated from the system unit 16 and the microcontroller 36. For some applications, it may be desirable to not only isolate the keyboard 18 from the system unit 16 during transmission of data from the microcontroller 36, but also to prevent any possible loss of data from the keyboard 18 while it is thus isolated. This may be accomplished by suitable manipulation of the DATA and or CLOCK lines leading to the keyboard while switches 54a, 54b are open.
The wand 10 including its optoelectronic sensor head 34 and its scanning and decoding modules 38, 40 are substantially identical to corresponding elements of the above-referenced SmartWand device, as further documented in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,544 entitled "Means and Method of Scaling Time Interval Measurements from an Optical Bar Code Scanner to Improve Decoder Efficiency". The following discussion will assume the reader is familiar with the construction and use of that prior art device and, to the extent the present invention preferably makes use of components and techniques already known from the referenced prior art device, such components and techniques will not be described in detail herein.
Furthermore, it will be assumed that the reader is familiar with the Mode 1 (used in models PC and PC XT) and Mode 2 (used in models AT and PS/2) keyboard unit to system unit interface protocols and the associated keyboard I/O BIOS routines documented by IBM in its various Technical Reference manuals, including (for the Code 1/Mode 1 interface) IBM publication 6025005, version 2.02 dated April 1983 (for the Mode 2 interface the corresponding IBM publication number is 1502494).
Wand 10 transmits keyscan codes and uses a computer to keyboard protocol so that it may interface directly to its system unit 16 via the computer's keyboard port 28; the referenced prior art device outputs ASCII character codes and utilizes a standard serial protocol and thus must be connected to a general-purpose serial I/O port (not shown). Accordingly, it differs from that particular prior art device primarily in the construction and operation of its code converting module 42 and its communication module 4 and related interface circuitry 52.
Preferably, wand 10 can be configured for attachment either to an IBM PC (Code 1, Mode 1) or to IBM PC AT (Code 2, Mode 2) or to IBM PS/2 (Codes 1, 2, or 3; Mode 2) keyboard port, and can also be configured to share the port with the keyboard unit, or to operate without any keyboard unit. Because of the small size of the wand, it is not convenient to provide it with manual configuration switches or buttons; however, manual configuration is still possible by the same Barcode Menu Programming technique used in the above-referenced SmartWand device. Alternatively, by monitoring the commands from the computer at power on and the responses from the keyboard unit, the wand can usually determine which protocol (Mode) and which keyscan code set (Code) is in use, thereby permitting the microprocessor inside the wand to select the configuration setting. However, it is still advisable to retain a manual configuration option to enable the keyboard emulator to be used even with a computer system unit and/or a keyboard unit that is not 100% compatible with one of the above mentioned types.
From the perspective of the system unit 16, the wand 10, like the keyboard unit which it emulates, preferably is a "talk-only" peripheral that primarily transmits keyscan codes. Accordingly, with the exception of some communication protocol options transparent to the user (such as a RESET command which clears the wand of any previously scanned input data that has not yet been transmitted to the system unit 16), the wand 10 is not capable of being configured by commands sent from the system unit 16. Instead, it can be configured by scanning one or more appropriate option barcodes from a barcode configuration menu similar to those contained in the above referenced SmartWand publication. These option barcodes control such parameters as barcode symbology selection, check sum verification, and length checking. Since wand 10 is a keyboard emulation device, the options also may include the keyscan code set (Codes 1, 2 or 3), and the keyboard I/O protocol (Mode 1 or Mode 2), and whether a keyboard unit 18 is also attached to the port 28 via a T-connector 14 (T-connector mode or Keyboard Replacement mode). Configuration options are preferably saved in non-volatile memory 46 in the wand 10. The only I/O configuration normally required of the use in installing the wand 10 is to select Keyboard Replacement Mode or T-connector Mode, depending on whether a keyboard unit is to be used in the system.
In the preferred embodiment, the communication module 44 can determine at power-up the keyscan code set and protocol mode automatically, obviating the explicit configuration of the parameters by the operator. Referring to the power-up detection subroutine of FIG. 4, communication module 44 initially assumes Mode 2, Code 2, at power-up (block 60). If the wand 10 is set to its default T-connector mode ("No" branch from decision block 62), it monitors ("eavesdrops" on) the signals between the system unit 16 and the keyboard unit 18 to detect and analyze the transmission of the Basic Assurance Test ("BAT") Completion signal from the keyboard unit 18 (block 64). If the transmission is not recognizable as a BAT ("No" branch from decision block 66), the power-up routine of FIG. 4 ends the automatic detection process, remaining set to Mode 2, Code 2 (exit 68). If the transmission is recognizable ("Yes" branch from decision block 66), it is checked (decision block 70) for conformity to Mode 1 or Mode 2 protocol. If it was a Mode 1 transmission (" No" branch from decision block 70), the routine sets Mode 1, Code 1 (block 72) and exits (exit 68). If it was a Mode 2 transmission ("Yes" branch from decision block 70), then the original Mode setting is valid, and the routine proceeds to check for more commands from system unit 16 (decision block 74). If none are received during the remainder of the power-up time period ("No" branch from decision block 74), the routine exits (exit 68). If, however, more commands are transmitted from the system unit 16 to the keyboard 18 ("Yes" branch from decision block 74), the routine eavesdrops on the commands (block 76); if a "Change Type" command is detected ("Yes" branch from decision block 78), the default Code 2 is changed to the indicated Code (block 80); otherwise the subroutine is exited (exit 68) with the Code 2 default setting ("No" branch from decision block 78).
Alternatively, if the wand 10 has been set to Keyboard Replacement mode ("Yes" branch from decision block 62), the communication module 44 sends a Mode 2 BAT Completion code (block 82). If an appropriate response is not received from the system unit 16 within a preset timeout period ("No" branch from decision block 84), the communication module changes the default setting to Mode 1, Code 1 (block 86) and transmits a Mode 1 BAT Completion code (block 88) before exiting (exit 68); otherwise, it waits for any additional system command (decision block 90) and after any such command has been received and acknowledged (block 92), control passes to decision block 78 for possible resetting of the default Code (blocks 78, 80).
The optoelectronic sensor head 34 feeds analog signals to threshold detector 50, which in turn includes analog processing circuitry for generating a digital pulse stream which switches between "high" and "low" states at transitions between light and dark areas as the wand scans the barcode area; the scanning module 38 then converts that incoming pulse stream into numeric data corresponding to the number and relative width of each space and bar in the code, and one or more decoding modules 40 then use predetermined rules associated with particular codes to attempt to decode the symbolic data into character data and related control data (which typically includes checksum information). These rules and any associated checksum information are also used by the associated decoding module to verify whether the bar data constitutes a legal message and thus the barcode data from a particular scanning operation has been successfully read and decoded.
Although the wand 10 is normally programmed to attempt to decode a single set of symbolic data corresponding to one pass of the wand 10 over a particular barcode label 26 by successive passes through different decoding modules 40 until the information has been successfully decoded, the decoding operation is also subject to user configuration by means of the above-mentioned Barcode Menu Programming. The specific means to achieve such flexibility is already known in the prior art as exemplified by the above referenced SmartWand device.
IBM-PC compatible keyboard emulator data collection devices that read various types of barcodes and translate them into sequences of IBM-PC compatible keyscan codes are also known per se. However, the design of the code-converting module 42 that converts the decoded sequence of character data into a corresponding sequence of keyscan codes should be routine and conventional to one familiar with the above-referenced IBM documents, even if he were not familiar with how such a conversion were accomplished in the prior art. Thus, to emulate an IBM PC keyboard unit, the conversion module 42 first converts the already decoded barcode data into the corresponding keystrokes that a human would need to perform in order to create the same data input manually, taking into account the manner in which the [shift] keys (and also the [alt] and [control] keys) may be used in combination with the regular alphanumeric keys to represent a single character. For example, when using an IBM PC compatible keyboard, the Z control character ("end of file" marker) is output manually by first depressing the [control] key, then depressing the "Z" key, then releasing the "Z" key, then releasing the [control] key; similarly, the "<" symbol character is output by first depressing either one of the two [shift] keys, then depressing the "," key, then releasing the "," key, then releasing the [shift] key. The previously determined information as to the keyboard type and a corresponding a priori translation table may then be used by the conversion module 42 to translate those keystrokes into their respective keyscan codes--the single or multiple bytes of data that represent the make (pressing) and break (releasing) of individual keys. The resultant sequence of keyscan codes form the actual message that is transmitted to the keyboard port by the communication module 44, in accordance with the previously determined Mode 1 or Mode 2 IBM PC-compatible two line serial protocol for the clock and data lines of cable 12.
Some prior data collection devices, including the SmartWand deVice, had only very limited operator feedback capabilities, and required optional hardware and/or modifications to the user's application software in order to provide the operator with an appropriate audible confirmation whenever a barcode label had been successfully scanned and decoded. In the case of a keyboard emulator, the collected data is typically treated by the computer's operating system and application software as normal keyboard data and thus is usually displayed on the computer's video monitor by the application software to permit editing and/or confirmation as the data is entered from the keyboard. However, depending upon the application software, such visual feedback may be altogether missing (e.g., for user passwords and other sensitive data) or, if it is followed by other data or an "enter" command, may disappear from the screen before it is ever seen by the operator. Even when the data being input is visible on a video monitor, it may be inconvenient for the operator to check it visually during the data entry process. Accordingly, the known prior art keyboard emulators included a sound transducer and associated driver electronics within the emulator or its associated controller. Whenever a keyscan was successfully encoded, the prior art keyboard emulator's control logic would drive the transducer with a distinctive audible frequency signal.
In a keyboard emulator system constructed in accordance with the present invention, dependable, consistent audible feedback is provided without any additional sound transducer or associated driver electronics within the emulator or its associated controller. Rather, the emulator, at least in its default configuration, always includes one or more special keyscan codes as part of each sequence of keyscan codes corresponding to a successfully decoded barcode message that the BIOS firmware within the computer's system unit interprets as a temporary "keyboard buffer overflow" or other benign error condition. In response thereto, the standard BIOS keyboard interrupt service routine 30 passes temporary control to a Beep subroutine K62 which causes an audible signal to be output the computer's own built in transducer 32. Immediately thereafter, the system unit 16 continues to process any further incoming keyscan data. By this means, reliable audible feedback is ensured without any modifications to, or disruption of, the normal operation of the computer and any application or system software then in operation.
At the same time, an extremely compact, self-contained data collection device is possible.
Reference should now be made to FIGS. 5A and 5B, which respectively are block diagrams of the operation of the communication module 44 following a successful or unsuccessful scan attempt. After a barcode has been scanned and decoded (blocks 100a, 100b), the communication module waits (block 102) for the end of any ongoing transmission from the keyboard. It then, by opening analog switches 54a, 54b, isolates the keyboard (block 104). Note, however, that in Mode 2, the wand 10 should respond to any commands from the system unit while the keyboard unit is isolated, by sending at least the Acknowledge code and, if the command is relevant to the operation of the wand 10, by executing that command.
What follows depends upon whether the scanning and decoding modules 38, 40 were able to successfully scan and decode a sequence of barcode data that had the proper checksum and otherwise appeared to be the result of a successful scan operation (FIG. 5A or 5B). If the decoding was successful (FIG. 5A), the characters are translated (block 108 or 110) to keyscan codes using the appropriate code set (block 106). Then, using the appropriate protocol (block 112) a "header message" followed by the translated characters are transmitted (block 114 or 116) in a contiguous block of keyscan codes using the appropriate transmission protocol as though the user had typed this same data from a keyboard at an average rate of approximately 20 milliseconds per character. (This rate is preferably configurable by the user). For use with an IBM PC XT having a Code 1 board and a Mode 1 keyboard protocol, a preferred default configuration for the header message comprises a single FFH code, which is interpreted as a benign keyboard error by the system unit 16 and results in a single Beep from the system unit's speaker 32. (For other types of computers, the preferred default configuration may be a single 00H code). Finally, the connection between the keyboard unit 18 and the system unit 16 (which was temporarily broken in block 104) is reestablished (block 118) by closing analog switches 54a, 54b (FIG. 3). Although a header message containing a benign error code is used in the illustrated embodiment, it should be understood that the benign error code could be within the body of message itself, or in a message trailer; for some types of computers it might even be possible to emulate a benign error condition by violating the keyboard communication protocol, for example by transmitting an inappropriate response (or no response at all) to a command from the system unit.
In the event scanning and decoding modules 38, 40 detected the occurrence of a scan that could not be successfully decoded (which could be the result either of operator error, or a defective barcode label), the alternate flow shown in FIG. 5B occurs, in which a "Bad Read Message" (which in the wand's default configuration comprises two successive FFH keyscan codes) is transmitted (blocks 120, 122), resulting in a double Beep that may easily be distinguished from the single Beep signifying a good scan.
In addition to the configurable options that pertain to transmission mode and code set, it may also be advantageous to implement as user configurable options two parameters for the transmission of keyscan codes to the PC. The keyscan code delay is the delay between the transmission of each keyscan code: 2 milliseconds is typical value and is faster than most humans can perform at the keyboard unit. A minimum hold-off period is desirable before any transmission from the wand 10: 20 milliseconds is a typical value sufficient for most applications.
As described above, in order to create an audible tone to signify the completion of a successful barcode scan (the "good read" Beep ), in its default configuration the wand 10 uses the special keyscan code FFH to cause the system unit 16 itself to generate a Beep. Alternatively, a representation of this keyscan code can be encoded in a standard barcode symbology such as Code 128 using a specially interpreted character sequence. When interpreted by the decoder along with regular ASCII characters of the bar code, the Beep keyscan code is then placed in the transmitted keyscan code stream along with the keyscan codes for the regular characters of the bar code message. Multiple copies of the Beep keyscan code can be printed in a single barcode, allowing varied durations and groupings of Beeps to be generated in response to different barcodes. Varied audio feedback can be created in this manner to respond to special conditions encountered or created by barcode scanning, such as in response to configuration of the wand 10 by means of barcode menus.
When the keyscan code FFH is used as the first character in the header, it causes the system unit to generate a Beep immediately after the keyscan is completed, before the barcode data is completely transmitted. Alternatively, the special FFH keyscan code can be configured as part of trailer, or both the header and the trailer. Preferably the header and trailer are configurable, with one or more keyscan codes being read into designated buffer areas using special barcode menu labels.
As noted previously, two special keyscan codes can be used to create a Beep, 00H and FFH. Neither actually corresponds to any key on the IBM keyboard; rather they signify one of two possible keyboard errors to BIOS: the overflow of the keyboard units's internal buffer or a key detection error. The FFH keyscan code is recognized both by an IBM PC XT and by an IBM PC AT; it is accordingly used for the Beep by default, but the 00H keyscan code may need to be configured by the user for some models of PC AT compatibles in order for BIOS to respond with an audible beep. Alternatively, the communications module 44 might be programmed to normally use the FFH code, but to automatically switch to the 00H code when a Mode 2 protocol is in use. Typically, an IBM PC-compatible system BIOS will discard either of those particular keyscan codes and thus the transmission of such an error code to the system unit has no adverse effect on its operating system or on any application program that might then be resident.
In the particular, but commercially important case of an IBM PC compatible keyboard, the Caps Lock key acts as a toggle switch which when activated causes any alphabetic characters to be converted with system unit 16 from lower to upper case, or vice versa. This Caps Lock function is implemented in the BIOS of the system unit, not in the keyboard. When toggled to its "On" state, the Caps Lock function effectively reverses the normal operation of the two "Shift" keys. Each time the Caps Lock key is pressed, the keyboard sends the corresponding key codes to the system unit 16, and the system unit toggles its own Caps Lock flag, keeping track of the Caps Lock state internally.
As a result, unless appropriate measures were taken, a sequence of keyscan codes corresponding to the bar code message:
*1 Code 128 Message* would, if the Caps Lock flag had previously been set, be interpreted by the system unit as:
*1 cODE 128 mESSAGE*
This could be undesirable in any application program whose data entry section is sensitive to case. The user would have to be aware of the problem and take care that Caps Lock was in the proper state while scanning bar code.
In theory, it might be sufficient for the communications module to monitor all transmissions from the keyboard to the system unit following a reset command, and each time a keyscan code corresponding the actuation of the Caps Lock key is detected, toggle an internal flag corresponding to the Caps Lock status flag maintained by the system unit. In practice, this requires a microcontroller having a bandwidth (processing rate) substantially greater than that of the Intel 8051 microcontroller. In addition, since monitoring transmissions of the Caps Lock keyscan codes would only allow the microcontroller to detect toggles in state of the computer's Caps Lock status flag, the microcontroller would have to make a correct assumption at power up about the initial state of the computer's status flag. The initial state; however, is not necessarily the same for all IBM PC "compatibles". Further, synchronization between the status flags in the system unit 16 and the microcontroller 36 might subsequently be lost as the result of incomplete or otherwise erroneous transmission from the keyboard.
However, at least for Mode 2, a much simpler solution exists, as shown in FIG. 6. When the wand 10 is ready to send data, it first isolates the keyboard (block 104 of FIGS. 5A and 5B). It then transmits the Caps Lock make and break keyscan codes (block 130) to the system unit 16, which in turn immediately responds by sending back the Reset Status Indicators command (block 132), followed by the new status indicators byte (normally used to control any corresponding status indicators on the keyboard). The communication module 44 interprets the received status indicator byte and deduces the state of the Caps Lock flag (block 134) as it was immediately prior to the transmission of the Caps Lock keyscan make and break codes (block 130). After acknowledging the Reset Status Indicators command as required by the Mode 2 protocol (block 136), the communication module 44 then sends the Caps Lock key codes again (block 138) to toggle the state of Caps Lock in the system unit 16 back to the untoggled original state. Thereupon, it receives the Reset Status Indicators command again (block 140), and Acknowledges it again (block 142). The communication module 44 then transmits the keyscan codes of the decoded message, performing case conversion if necessary (block 114, FIG. 5A). At the end of the transmission, the connection between keyboard 18 and the system unit 16 is reestablished (block 118 of FIG. 5A or 5B). The keyboard 18 is completely unaffected by the foregoing sequence of commands and keyscan codes because it is isolated during the entire transaction, and the system unit 16 is left in the original Caps Lock state.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 18, 1981
|Nov 29, 1983
|Hartmut Tremmel
|Apparatus for collecting, transmitting and processing data stored in code, preferably in bar code
|Jan 13, 1981
|Dec 27, 1983
|Micronic Ab
|Communication link
|Mar 24, 1982
|Sep 4, 1984
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Shift control system for keyboards
|Mar 7, 1983
|Nov 6, 1984
|Fields Craig I
|Interactive videodisc training system with bar code access
|Nov 15, 1985
|Aug 2, 1988
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Means and method of scaling time interval measurements from an optical bar code scanner to improve decoder efficiency
|May 27, 1987
|Feb 14, 1989
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|Nov 15, 1995
|Aug 31, 1999
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|Computer system having a controller which emulates a peripheral device during initialization
|Dec 2, 1997
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|Memory card or chip card reader system
|Jan 29, 1999
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|Mar 11, 1999
|Apr 16, 2002
|Robert D. Ferris
|System and method for adapting a PC-based application to an automated format
|Jan 29, 1999
|Jun 4, 2002
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|Automatic data collection device that intelligently switches data based on data type
|Jan 29, 1999
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|Intermec Ip Corp.
|Automatic data collection device that dynamically wedges data transmitted to data consumers
|May 3, 1999
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|Remote anomaly diagnosis and reconfiguration of an automatic data collection device platform over a telecommunications network
|Dec 14, 1999
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|Apparatus and method for detection of communication signal loss
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|Portable reading device with display capability
|Aug 9, 2005
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|Intermec Ip Corp.
|Method, apparatus and article to load new instructions on processor based devices, for example, automatic data collection devices
|Nov 21, 2006
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|Apr 3, 2009
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|Sep 3, 2004
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|Mar 28, 2008
|Sep 4, 2012
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|Use of barcode menus to configure and set-up vital signs monitors
|Jul 19, 2011
|Dec 4, 2012
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|System for processing financial transactions in a self-service library terminal
|Sep 27, 2010
|Aug 6, 2013
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|Analog data generating and processing device for use with a personal computer
|Aug 3, 2007
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|Aug 24, 2006
|Feb 24, 2015
|Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Analog data generating and processing device having a multi-use automatic processor
|Aug 24, 2006
|Nov 17, 2015
|Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Analog data generating and processing device having a multi-use automatic processor
|Dec 23, 2014
|Jun 13, 2017
|Symbol Technologies, Llc
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|Oct 2, 2002
|May 1, 2003
|Larson Roger D.
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|May 1, 2003
|Nov 6, 2003
|Emerson Harry E.
|Computer keyboard providing an alert when typing in CAPS LOCK mode
|Nov 19, 2002
|May 20, 2004
|Philbert Medaline Elizabeth
|Portable reading device with display capability
|May 17, 2004
|Oct 28, 2004
|Fergen James E.
|System for processing financial transactions in a self-service library terminal
|Sep 3, 2004
|Feb 10, 2005
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|Feb 3, 2005
|Nov 17, 2005
|Intermec Ip Corp.
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|May 17, 2005
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|Intermec Ip Corp.
|Method, apparatus and article for validating ADC devices, such as barcode, RFID and magnetic stripe readers
|Aug 24, 2006
|Jan 4, 2007
|Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Analog Data Generating And Processing Device For Use With A Personal Computer
|Mar 20, 2007
|Jul 26, 2007
|Fergen James E
|Terminal for libraries and the like
|Nov 21, 2006
|May 22, 2008
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Automation of keyboard accessibility testing
|Oct 30, 2007
|Aug 28, 2008
|Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Analog data generating and processing device for use with a personal computer
|Apr 3, 2009
|Jul 30, 2009
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|System for processing financial transactions in a self-service library terminal
|Mar 28, 2008
|Mar 4, 2010
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Use of barcode menus to configure and set-up vital signs monitors
|Sep 27, 2010
|Jun 2, 2011
|Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Analog data generating and processing device for use with a personal computer
|May 14, 1998
|Nov 19, 1998
|K2 Interactive
|Speech activated control adaptable to any commande word and associated keystroke
|U.S. Classification
|235/435, 341/31, 235/439, 341/27, 235/462.15, 341/13, 341/26
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 9, 1991
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY A CA CORPORATION, CALIF
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:POLAND, MC KEE D.;REEL/FRAME:005689/0813
Effective date: 19891227
|Dec 30, 1994
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 16, 1999
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 25, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 5, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990723


text:
The Effect of Quits on Worker Recruitment: Theory and Evidence
Recruitment effort by a firm can signify one of two things: a desire to expand or a need to replace workers who have quit profitable positions. Standard matching models with on-the-job search treat these two recruitment activities as the same. Yet, we provide empirical evidence that suggests these two activities differ in the sense that, all else equal, an establishment is much more likely to post a vacancy and hire a worker if a worker has quit a position at the firm. Our evidence is robust to a variety of controls, including establishment fixed effects. One natural explanation for this is that workers who quit leave behind firm-specific physical and organizational capital, thereby making replacement hiring less costly than the creation of a new position. To this end, we develop a matching model with on-the-job search and multi-worker firms that differentiates between the cost of creating a new position and the cost of adverting for an existing opening. The model naturally creates a distinction between worker and job flows and, through endogenously-determined thresholds for separations, worker replacement and position creation, produces rich firm-level employment dynamics that are broadly consistent with our empirical evidence.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|Date of creation:
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Society for Economic Dynamics Marina Azzimonti Department of Economics Stonybrook University 10 Nicolls Road Stonybrook NY 11790 USA
Web page: http://www.EconomicDynamics.org/
More information through EDIRC
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Mortensen, Dale & Pissarides, Christopher, 2011.
"Job Creation and Job Destruction in the Theory of Unemployment,"
Economic Policy,
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, vol. 1, pages 1-19.
- Dale T. Mortensen & Christopher A. Pissarides, 1994. "Job Creation and Job Destruction in the Theory of Unemployment," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 61(3), pages 397-415.
- Dale T. Mortensen & Christopher A. Pissarides, 1993. "Job Creation and Job Destruction in the Theory of Unemployment," CEP Discussion Papers dp0110, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- R. Jason Faberman, 2009. "Studying the Labor Market with the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey," NBER Chapters,in: Producer Dynamics: New Evidence from Micro Data, pages 83-108 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- R. Jason Faberman, 2005. "Studying the Labor Market with the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey," Working Papers 388, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Christopher A. Pissarides, 1994. "Search Unemployment with On-the-job Search," Review of Economic Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 61(3), pages 457-475.
- Robert H. Topel & Michael P. Ward, 1992. "Job Mobility and the Careers of Young Men," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 107(2), pages 439-479.
- George A. Akerlof & Andrew K. Rose & Janet L. Yellen, 1988. "Job Switching and Job Satisfaction in the U.S. Labor Market," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 19(2), pages 495-594.
- Mortensen, Dale T., 1994. "The cyclical behavior of job and worker flows," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 18(6), pages 1121-1142, November. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)This information is provided to you by IDEAS at the Research Division of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis using RePEc data.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Stretched this up a little fast but no blood so was all good went from 6g to 2g.
Left ear lobe 12g
6g skin eyelet
in the process of stretching my lower lobe piercing up to 5/8 one size smaller then my goal of 3/4 and stretching my upper lobe to 4g wich my goal is 0g
10g pierced yesterday at Neon Dragon in Cedar Rapids, IA
ive had this 1" stretch for about 3 months now and already it feels small. ill probably be at 1 1/8 before too long. but i absolutely love it.
Click here to read articles about Lobe piercings.
Click here to read Lobe piercings experiences.


text:
Now that you have reviewed the material in the infographic, let's get started with Cornell note taking. This strategy is really easy and very versatile (it works for just about anything you need to write down.
Video Lesson 1: Taking Cornell Notes
Thanks to Douglas Montgomery for his PowToons version of Cornell Notes.
Video Lesson 2: How to Know What to Write
Video shared by Ap Goodman.
For the Artists Among Us
You may want to check out this link about visual note taking. This strategy is especially helpful for vocabulary words. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY9KdRfNN9w


text:
How To Find a Water Leak in Largo Florida
May 19
I Find Leaks uses technology in order to pinpoint hidden water leaks under concrete slabs. In this video we pinpointed a water leak under a concrete slab on a 1/2″ copper pipe. By using our technology we minimize damage when finding water leaks to your valuable property. Contact...Read More


text:
Mr. Sean Perry
Fremont, California - USA
No approved endorsements
About Mr. Sean Perry
I have been a Linux user, developer, and contributor for 10 years. Along the way I have helped QA teams automate their testing using PXE and revision control, refactored corporate software projects to make them more maintainable and release ready, and reorganized build systems to allow for automated builds.
If you notice offensive or incorrect information, please contact us.


text:
Listen to free music by Deckwrecka
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station.
Artists Like Deckwrecka
Blip.fm DJs who play Deckwrecka
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text:
So I'm talking to this girl and I feel like we're really hitting it off together, it's great. So I thought I had this brilliant idea for a first date. We both longboard so... I thought, why not longboard? Makes sense right? I was thinking longboarding way out into the countryside where there's a small, very cozy resturant, it's about a 2 hour ride there and a 2 hour ride back. Is this (actually) a pretty good idea or is that just in my head, input?
- Good ideaVote A
- Terrible ideaVote B
- Show results.Vote C
Most Helpful Girl
Does no one read descriptions? lol. Yeah, since she longboards too, I'm sure she'd enjoy that. It does sound like a pretty long ride, though. Or maybe not really for people who longboard? I don't know. You can always ask her and see what she thinks, or try to find a closer place.10|10|0
Thank you for actually reading the description. I mean, it would be a full day thing, might be a bit too long but thats just time wise. The stamina isn't the problem. I'll try to find a closer place, thankd for the very well thought out, well out together advice/opinion. Again, thanks for reading the description.
Yeah, no problem. Have a great time. :)


text:
FRTA - Serving The Region Since 1978
FRTA - Serving The Region Since 1978
FRTA - Serving The Region Since 1978
Please see the attached summary and route timetables for all services starting on September 5th, 2017. Thank you to everyone who participated in the Community Conversation process, these changes were created with our entire community in mind.
Please look them over and contact FTM at 413.773.8090 x102 with any questions you might have or if you are in need of assistance in mapping out certain trips.
Before September 5th, we will be hosting public information sessions around our region within the coming months so that everyone will be informed about our upcoming changes.
Please stay tuned for more information!
As a rider, you can access RouteShout by Clicking Here using your smart phone, tablet or internet. Or download the free RouteShout app onto your smart phone. Then, just select Franklin Regional Transit Authority and your route to get the bus arrival times you need.
To view the FRTA RouteMatch Web Portal Click Here
Now at the JWO Transit Center you can view Bus Arrivals and Departures on our Depot Monitor. See what routes will be arriving or departing, their scheduled times and their route status (early, on-time or late).


text:
Home > lha > JGI > Vol. 1 (2015) > Iss. 1
Article Title
Presentation: Sandy O'Sullivan
Presentation by Dr Sandy O'Sullivan at the Cultured Queer / Queering Culture: Indigenous Perspectives on Queerness sysmposium, University of Wollongong, 19 February 2015.
Recommended CitationO'Sullivan, Sandy, Presentation: Sandy O'Sullivan, Journal of Global Indigeneity, 1(1), 2015.
Available at:http://ro.uow.edu.au/jgi/vol1/iss1/12
This document is currently not available here.


text:
We (Bennett & Blue) were rescued as little kittens from outside. We are bonded now and though technically not related we think we are littermates and brothers :) Please apply to meet us in our foster home!
See video of Bennett and Blue with some kitten friends here.
(The kittens in video are Blizzard, Flurry, Snowy and Frosty!)
Please note:
Thank You!
Your message has been sent to Bay Area Cat Rescue.
You'll receive a copy, too, at to help you keep track of which pets you've inquired about, and which shelters and rescues you've emailed.
NOTE: Some shelters have physical locations you can visit; some of these shelters may only have pets for a limited time, so please do not wait for a reply—just go visit the shelter! Other organizations are rescue groups run by busy volunteers who may take a while to reply. You can find information about the shelter or rescue group caring for this pet, and their adoption procedures, on the pet's details page on Adopt-a-Pet.com.


text:
|<<Back to the 2006 Chicago White Sox page
April 2
The White Sox picked up where they left off in 2005, defeating the Cleveland Indians 10-4 in the first game of the season. The game was paused after the third inning for just under three hours due to the weather conditions, but did indeed resume. The game ended at 2:10 EDT.
Jim Thome, former Indian by way of Philadelphia, blasted a two-run home run off Fernando Cabrera after the game resumed. Thome's White Sox debut also included a second run scored and two walks.
Brandon McCarthy, pitching three perfect innings in relief (after the rain delay) of starter Mark Buehrle, took the win. Cabrera was tagged for the loss.
Box Score
External Links
- Baseball Musings discussed the walks and luck in the game.


text:
Price: EUR 2,950,000
17th Century villa with manicured gardens just 10 minutes from central Lucca
This luxury Tuscan villa for sale dates back to the 17th century. The property was carefully renovated 5 years ago and frescoes and other period features were retained and refurbished.
The Main Villa
The grand Tuscany villa features a modern kitchen and breakfast room, a dining room and an L-shaped drawing room as well as a study and home office the dining room and a conservatory. There is also a bedroom and an ironing /utility room.
The centre of the villa is the grand hall from which there are two staircases that lead up to the first floor.
On the next floor there are three double bedrooms including the en-suite master bedroom which also enjoys a private dressing room.
Guest Accommodation
Apart from the classic Tuscan villa, there is a self contained cottage which provides guest accommodation. The cottage has 2 reception rooms, kitchen/breakfast room, 4 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms and a cellar with storage area. The cottage is currently let on an annual basis.
On the grounds, there is also a garage and additional storage in three barns.
Gardens and Grounds
The villa garden hosts numerous flower beds, several outdoor seating areas and a pool pool which is surrounded by a stone wall.
The Location
The villa is situated off a private road stretching a mile long within a private estate close to the city of Lucca. ?Pisa airport can be reached in under 30 minutes and the beaches of Viareggio and Forte dei Marmi are just 35 minutes away.


text:
Zara opens store in Honduras
The event was announced in the online version of TExtil.net which highlighted the opening of the store "at the foot of Mount El Picacho" in Honduras.
Thursday, December 4, 2008
Inditex inaugurated market number 72 with the opening of a branch of the Spanish brand, ZARA, at the Multiplaza Mall in Tegucigalpa.
Source: elheraldo.hn
Chain Stores Plan Expansion in Costa Rica
July 2012
The Salvadoran Siman Group, a conglomerate that operates franchises for Zara, Zara Home and Massimo Dutti and the department stores Aliss, Yamuni, Carrion and Ekono has announced expansion plans.
GAP Comes to Panama
February 2012
The GAP clothing chain will open its first store in Panama in late February.
Chain Store Invests $ 8 Million in Guatemala
February 2011
As part of its expansion plan, Cemaco will open three new stores in 2011.
Inditex expands in Guatemala
December 2008
The Spanish chain Inditex expanded its textile empire to the Oakland Mall where on Thursday it inaugurated its new Stradivarius and Massimo Dutti formats.


text:
I received a corrected 2015 W-2 in 2016. Can I report the W-2 correction on my 2016 return?
No. You can't correct the mistake on your 2016 return. Instead, you might need to amend your 2015 return using Form 1040X.
You should file a 1040X amendment if your corrected W-2:
- Increases your 2015 tax liability
- Affects your allowable credits or deductions
You can't e-file a 1040X, so you'll have to mail it to the IRS. Attach a copy of your corrected W-2 to the amended return. Keep in mind that you might also need to file an amendment to your state return.
Ready to file?
You've got your forms. And we've got your back. There's only one thing left to do. Let's do this.
So how much will you get (or owe) this year? That's the million-dollar question. We happen to have three very useful calculators to help you estimate your refund or balance due.


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Fillable PDF: Unable to create Fillable PDF form and just says "working"Asked by kmderoo on October 25, 2016 at 03:58 PM
I have a lot of troubles with creating the PDF. It's inconsistent. Sometimes it works like a charm and other times it will say "Working" on the My Forms page for 10 minutes and then when it's done, a downloaded file isn't there. I have been fighting with it for an hour today so I can clear my 5 allowed files. :-\
This is a re-post of a comment on The In's and Out's of PDF Forms
JotForm Support
We are sorry for the inconvenience this may have caused. Generally, the time taken to generate the PDF form varies on the length of the form. However, it seems that it is not working at the moment and I am able to replicate at my end.
Let me forward the thread to our backend team to take a look at the issue. Once we have any update in this regard, you'll be posted here.
Thank you.
JotForm Support
The issue should be fixed now. We would appreciate it if you could also test it on your side. If the issue still persists, please let us know. We will happy to assist you.
Thank you for looking into the issues! I still seem to be having the same issue on my side. The wheel keeps spinning next to "working," but I haven't received a downloaded file. All of my files are the same size. Sometimes it takes a second, others I have to try multiple times, but recently I haven't been able to create a PDF at all.
JotForm Support
Apologies for the inconvenience. I was able to replicate the problem on a simple test form on my end. I have re-opened the ticket to notify the developer again. We will update you as soon as we hear any news.


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Today, the United Nations estimates that 77 million people – more than 1% of the world's population – are displaced within their own countries, having been forced to flee their homes by armed conflicts, violence, urbanization, development, and natural disasters. This is more than the population of France, the United Kingdom, or Turkey.
These people are not "refugees," because they have not crossed an international border, but their experiences are often equally devastating. Today, the number of people who have been internally displaced by conflicts alone is twice that of refugees. With the increasing pattern of internal, rather than international, armed conflicts, and the rising regularity of extreme weather events affecting millions of people, internal displacement poses an even greater challenge to future generations.
Uprooted from their homes and livelihoods, and traumatized by the violence or sudden disaster that forced them to flee, the displaced are often thrust into an extremely precarious future with few resources. Think of the 15 million Chinese displaced following the Sichuan earthquake, the more than two million Iraqis uprooted within their country's borders by sectarian and other violence, the 2.4 million displaced in Darfur, or the hundreds of thousands who have fled Mogadishu in the last year.
In the last decade, those displaced by conflicts alone rose from 19 million to 26 million, with millions more displaced by disasters. The plight of these victims long went unrecognized, as governments and the international community alike failed to acknowledge their rights to protection and assistance. In 1998, the UN issued Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, which sets out these legal rights.


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Woodland Heights Apartments in Milford, NH
Located at 90 Powers Street, Milford, NH 03055
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Starting in 2015, students will be able to earn credit for a course without spending a set number of hours taking the course in a classroom. Under the state's new Credit by Demonstrated Mastery (CDM) option, uniquely qualified students may "test out" or bypass a course if they have already mastered the content.
The program provides another opportunity for students to learn new content, to challenge themselves with the next level of rigor in a subject, and even graduate early. This option is not designed to replace existing accelerated pathways, such as the Academically and Intellectually Gifted (AIG) program at WCPSS.
The CDM option is available to all students in North Carolina under State Board of Education policy SBE-GCS-M-001, Section 13.
All WCPSS students may apply to earn credit for high-school level courses offered in grades 6-12.
Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate, Healthful Living, and some Career and Technical Education (CTE) courses are not eligible. Download a list of eligible courses in the Resources section.
How credits will appear on transcripts
Please refer to the Frequently Asked Questions document below for common topics. For all other questions, contact your school counselor or email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Dance Company
Our Competitive Dance Company is a nationally recognized, audition group that performs and competes outside our two annual studio performances. Our competitive dancers have received top honors at many competitions. Alumni of our competitive programs have gone on to study in prestigious performing arts programs, many with performing arts scholarships as well as appeared in music videos, Nickelodeon productions, and Late Night with Jay Leno to name a few. Our Competitive Dance Company starts at age 5 all the way through high school seniors.
Auditions for Company are held in the spring after our annual dance recital. Please contact us if you would like more information.
Member Login
Register for Access
Dance Company Members and Parents:
Register here for access to competition schedules and the latest company information. Once your registration is received, you will be sent a registration notification confirming your information.


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The Doctor of Physical Therapy Program's UCF Go Baby Go! program,
located in the Department of Health Professions, held another
successful car-build workshop Sept. 9 at the FAIRWINDS
Alumni Center. Learn more about this exciting mobility initiative
Orlando Boy Trades in Wheelchair for Toy Sports
Car (video) - September 2016 - Orlando
UCF Creates Motorized Cars to Help Children with Disabilities
Move - Sept. 9, 2016 - WFTV 9
Go Baby Go! UCF Program Helps 10 Kids with Special Toy Cars -
Sept. 9, 2016 - News 13 Orlando
Baby Go! Helps Disabled Kids Get Moving - Sept. 9, 2016 - Fox
UCF's Go Baby Go! Helps 10 Children with Disabilities Move -
Sept. 10, 2016 - KnightNews.com
Children Who Can't Walk Race Mini-Cars at UCF Event - Sept. 11,
2016 - UCF Today
By Jenna Marina
Ten, red Lightning McQueen cars lined up side by side at the
edge of Memory Mall on Friday. Their drivers were all ready to push
the go button on their steering wheels at the sound "start your
Ten children received motorized, child-sized cars at a build
event sponsored by Orlando Health for GoBabyGo. GoBabyGo is
a national effort to provide children without the ability to walk,
a way to get around. The organization retrofits motorized toy cars
for children with special needs.
Friday's event took place inside the UCF FAIRWINDS
Alumni Center from 9 a.m. to noon before the kids took their wheels
outside for a spin. Dr. Lindley Westervelt, a physical therapist at
Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, is a two-time alumna who
graduated from UCF's physical therapy doctoral program in 2011 and
was on hand to lend assistance.
Before taking their new ride outside, children
on a "race course" inside FAIRWINDS Alumni Center.
She helped put together and modify the cars in the same room
that her graduate banquet was held in while she was a student. The
cars were outfitted with pool noodles, swimming kick boards and
other materials to ensure safety and stability for their
"I think it's great to see the alumni working with different
programs in the school, especially this," she said. "I love the
kids. I've been in pediatrics since I came out of school. I love
being creative like this."
UCF has been working with GoBabyGo creator, University of
Delaware professor Cole Galloway, and his non-profit to offer the
program to Central Florida. Dr. Jennifer Tucker is a pediatric
specialist and physical therapy faculty member who oversees
GoBabyGo at UCF.
Friday's build event was the first of the new school year and
more are scheduled to take place throughout the year. Tucker said
hosting the event at the UCF FAIRWINDS Alumni Center
seemed like a perfect fit.
"In looking at having a space, a place that really represents
us, it just seemed to make the most sense, particularly with the
Orlando Health partnership, that we would showcase it at the alumni
center at the heart of the university," Tucker said.
UCF alumna Lindley Westervelt (Doctor of Physical
Therapy '11, B.S. in Health Sciences Pre-Clinical '08)
The recipients of the cars hailed from Orlando, Winter Garden,
St. Cloud, Volusia, Daytona and Perry, Florida. The need is so high
in in the Southeast that one family drove more than 450 miles from
Bishop, Georgia, to be a part of the day.
Tucker said GoBabyGo has built approximately 40 cars since the
program started at UCF in 2015, and she receives applications daily
for children of all mobility levels.
For some children who are delayed in achieving mobility
milestones, the cars give them a chance to go out and play until
they develop their skills. For other children who will likely need
wheelchairs in the future, the cars allow them to learn more about
mobility and body movement without leg usage.
The volunteers and the children's families capped the day by
cheering and waving black-and-white checkered flags as the children
cruised down Memory Mall. It symbolized the teamwork Tucker has
witnessed and experienced since taking on the GoBabyGo program.
"This has been fast moving and gathered momentum on its own and
just really tapped into a need that exists in the community. We're
excited to have the means to meet that need," Tucker said. "We
think it's a great avenue for alumni (to get involved). You don't
have to be a health care professional to help them. You can be a
business major and come and help build a car."


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Case Ranch Inn
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(Recasts lead, adds details)
By Sarah Morris and Sarah White
MADRID, May 4 (Reuters) - BBVA on Monday replaced Chief Operating Officer Angel Cano with its head of digital banking in a surprise management shake-up at the Spanish lender.
Carlos Torres Vila, a former finance director at Spanish utility Endesa who joined BBVA in 2008 as head of corporate strategy and development, will replace Cano, the bank said in a statement to the Spanish stock exchange regulator.
BBVA has long been vocal about the importance of digital banking. The lender said in October its investment in improving digital banking would lead to savings of between 160 million to 180 million euros this year.
"Carlos is the ideal person to continue pushing through the process of transformation," Cano, who will leave the bank and its board, said in BBVA's statement.
Cano had been the second most senior executive at BBVA under 70-year-old Chairman Francisco Gonzalez since 2009, steering the bank through Spain's economic downturn.
BBVA's profits have recovered in the past few quarters helped by revenues from overseas markets, such as Mexico. Cano's departure comes days after the bank posted first-quarter results which showed net profit had doubled from a year earlier. .
"The board of BBVA has named Carlos Torres Vila as chief operating officer to start a new phase in which digital transformation will be the main strategic priority of the group," it said.
The bank's board also approved a new management structure which included naming Vicente Rodero as head of country networks. Country managers will report to him directly and he will continue as the chief executive of BBVA's Mexican business Bancomer.
Cano had accumulated 26 million euros ($29 million) in his pension plan, according to BBVA's 2014 annual corporate governance report. ($1 = 0.8972 euros) (Additional reporting by Carlos Ruano; editing by Jane Merriman and David Clarke)


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Kevin Sheedy believes Jeremy Cameron deserves to come under ''serious consideration'' for All-Australian selection this year after yet another starring performance for Greater Western Sydney at the weekend.
The Giants coach said the rising star's form in his second season warranted at the very least a nomination in the 40-man squad to be named at the start of the finals series.
Cameron furthered his claims on Saturday with four goals against star Essendon backman Jake Carlisle, who is one of the leading contenders for a key defensive post in this season's team of the year.
With 43 goals this season, he is sixth in the Coleman Medal race, seven behind the leader, Jarryd Roughead of Hawthorn.
''On this year alone, he's got to be in serious consideration,'' Sheedy said. ''If they missed him because he's in a lower team in the west of Sydney then we know the AFL has a problem that it's Melbourne-centric.
''I'll be coming down with a chainsaw to get rid of the selection committee if he's not.''
In the past two seasons, selectors have picked two marking forwards, as opposed to three before the sub rule was introduced in 2011.
Cameron's main competition is likely to be the likes of Roughead, Josh Kennedy, Travis Cloke and Jack Riewoldt. All are playing in clubs either in the top eight or still in the run for the finals, unlike Cameron, who has played largely a solo hand in the forward line of a winless team. ''He's getting picked up by the best player in the opposition defence each week,'' Sheedy said. ''He might come first, second or third in the AFL goalkicking. There's a fair chance he will, barring injury.
''He's beaten most people he's played on; he's in the top five in the goalkicking; he's had the least amount of opportunities of all players in consideration for All-Australian selection.
''He's had limited opportunities because of the team he's playing for at this time in his career. He can't do much more than he's done.''
The selectors needed to consider the difficulties Cameron faced, Sheedy said.
''He's probably in a team that's a bit deficient in skills in regards to kicking the ball to his favoured side, so he's got to battle for it himself. He's not getting hit up all the time like a Cloke or a Kennedy. They're the difficulties people have to weigh up.
''It's not like his teammates are hitting him up right on the chest. His speed is exciting; he's got great courage; he's tough and he's relentless, and he's learning how to play.
''I don't see any reason why you wouldn't consider him strongly.''
Sheedy drew plenty of heart from the Giants' improved game after a 129-point hammering by Sydney the previous week.
''To come back and do that in the first quarter after the changes we did was a telling factor about the resolve of the group,'' he said.
The Giants face Collingwood at the MCG on Saturday.


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Oriental rugs would be an excellent choice among dozens of types of rugs available on the market. These elegant floor coverings are made from strands of silk or wool and are given complicated patterns. Also the long labor-intensive process is responsible for the price.
So don't be surprised once you notice the price because these rugs are really noteworthy to have once in a life time. Based on materials used and time to work on it, you need to be carefully choosing an oriental rug. Of course you do not need money wasted in vain. Make sure you bring home the real, original Oriental rug. So here are some of guidelines to help selecting the rugs.
- Do measurement
An Oriental rug comes in a wide variety of sizes. You can't just buy the rug when interested without taking actual measurement of your room. So the first thing to do is to walk around the room and measure it. The result gives you a conclusion of the sizes of rugs that would fit perfectly.
Besides room, Oriental rugs are also fabulous for covering stair runners. Like what you have done to your room, the stairs are required to measure and the number of rises is needed to count.
Surely people apply some themes or styles to their home. Patterns and colors that go well with the theme somehow play an important role when you are about to shop for area rugs.
If memorizing is something you need to deal, then taking a picture of the room will bring any good. It helps you to decide patterns and colors of rugs. Oriental rugs are such a beautiful, luxurious rug with lovely colors and gorgeous patterns like geometrics, floral, decorative, and pictorials.
- Consider materials
Materials are necessary to consider. Area rugs with poor materials won't promise you a single thing. That's why you need to consider even observe materials used to make these rugs.
Wool is one of materials for area rugs and it is resilient and soft and produces warmth. Meanwhile, Silk Orientals can also be used for rugs though they are not 'rough' like wool rugs. But Silk Orientals are luxurious. It would be better to place both of these rugs in a room with warmer climes and low traffic.
- The history
Since an Oriental rug is worthy enough for your money, it does not bring any harm to ask retailers about the history. You need to know that Persia is a country where Oriental rug production occurs. Meanwhile, Afghanistan, Turkey, China, Azerbaijan, Nepal, Romania, Armenia, Egypt, and Morocco are countries where real Orientals come from.
For your information, an authentic Oriental rug cannot be seen and found easily in any Western country. Particular areas from each country mentioned produce special types of rugs.
Before getting disappointed of an Oriental rug you think it is good, it would be better to some examination first. Look closely and consider deeply of materials, years, methods of Oriental rugs.
Please don't be worried to turn the rug to notice the weave. Artificial methods make some rugs look old. Probably you can also collect some information about the rug from internet or relatives who have purchased Oriental area rug. Lovely home will be looking nice with real Oriental rugs.


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Coming from the Jongert Bv ship building company in the Netherlands the GLORIA is 38 m 126 (ft) in length. Superyacht GLORIA is able to accommodate up to 8 guests with 4 crew members. The yacht is a traditional twin masted schooner. She is able to attain a high speed of 12 knots.
Pieter Beeldsnijder Design was the naval architect firm involved in the professional vessel design work for GLORIA. Also the company Pieter Beeldsnijder Design successfully collaborated on this venture. In 1985 she was actually launched with accolade in Medemblik and following sea trials and detailing was thereafter delivered to the owner who commissioned her. Jongert Bv completed their new build sailing yacht in the Netherlands. A reasonable feeling is brought about with a widest beam (width) of 6.89 metres or 22.6 ft. With a 4.18m (13.7ft) draught (maximum depth) she is reasonably deep. The material steel was used in the building of the hull of the sailing yacht. Her superstructure above deck is created out of steelandteak. Over the deck of GLORIA she is 35.7 (117.1 ft) in length.
The 3406 engine powering the yacht is made by CATERPILLAR. She is driven by a single screw propeller. The main engine of the yacht gives 400 horse power (or 294 kilowatts). She is fitted with 1 engines. The sum power for the boat is thus 400 HP or 294 KW.
Offering bedding for a maximum of 8 visiting passengers spending the night, the GLORIA accommodates them comfortably. Under normal conditions she carries approx 4 able crewmembers to operate.
Main Engine(s) is one 400 HP or 294 kW Caterpillar. Model: 3406 diesel. - Total engine power output 400 HP /294 KW. - Cruise Speed: 10 knots. - Her top Speed is around 12 nautical miles per hour. - Range: 2000 at a speed of 10 knots. - Fuel tanks: 10000 L. - Water: 6000.00. - Gensets: G&m 1 times 32 kilowatts, 1 times 10.5 kilowatts. - Area of Sail: 7104. - Yacht Beam: 6.89m/22.6ft. - Length on Deck: 35.7m/117.1ft. - Waterline Length (LWL): 24m/78.7ft. - Draught Maximum: 4.18m/13.7ft. Yacht Type: twin masted schooner.
This sailing yacht has a teak deck.
The luxury yacht GLORIA displayed on this page is merely informational and she is not necessarily available for yacht charter or for sale, nor is she represented or marketed in anyway by CharterWorld. This web page and the superyacht information contained herein is not contractual. All yacht specifications and informations are displayed in good faith but CharterWorld does not warrant or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the current accuracy, completeness, validity, or usefulness of any superyacht information and/or images displayed. All boat information is subject to change without prior notice and may not be current.
38.4m (126'), 1985, The Netherlands, Jongert, Pieter Beeldsnijder Design
OCEANSTAR, PLAYMOBIL, Motor Yacht 1700 XPRESSO, FALCON 102/131, NEVER SAY NEVER


text: Download Heartbeat Song MP4 Video Archive 22 Jan 2016 Heartbeat Song Video Download HD, MP4 | Raman Sharma By Rocker SONGS 0 Comment Heartbeat Song Video Download HD, MP4 | Raman Sharma: Punj-aab Records presenting the brand new single Punjabi track Heartbeat in the voice of Raman Sharma. The new song is beautifully composed by GD 47 Muzik while the lyrics are penned by Raman Sharma himself. Check out here below to get download Heartbeat Song Video in Read More