text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 6, 1978
|Filing date
|May 13, 1976
|Priority date
|May 21, 1975
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Rudiger Pepperl, Johann Kruger, Bernhard Hill
|Original Assignee
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (99), Classifications (41)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to an optical storage system for the simultaneous or random storage of digital information in a plurality of channels, comprising a rotating storage disc which is scanned by a light beam.
Digital storage systems are known already which utilize the high storage density which can be achieved by optical methods. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,624,284 describes the photographic recording of digital information and a playback system which includes an optical scanner. The scanner of this system deflects a light beam in two dimensions, so that the data are recorded on a stationary disc in the form of a spiral. However, this system has the following drawbacks -- the extremely high storage densities which are in principle possible in optical recording cannot be achieved, because the light beam is guided along the data spiral when the data are retrieved in a manner so that the scanner alternately scans the right and the left half of the data track. Furthermore, this system does not offer random access to the data stored, because the scanner is bound to the spiral in which the data have been recorded.
Also known are storage systems where information is stored on a rotating disc by optical means, for example, the "VLP" system described in Philips Technical Review, Volume 33, 1973 No. 7, pages 178 - 180.
According to this system, the objective which focusses the light beam on the storage plane during storage as well as during retrieval, must be guided across the disc in the radial direction by a mechanical system. Furthermore, the data track must have a well-defined structure perpendicular to the radial direction, so that a control signal for controlling the objective in the radial direction can be derived from this structure. The storage density and the quality of the signal recovered during playback are limited. Furthermore, a position-sensitive detector or a plurality of detectors are required for guiding the light beam on the data track during the retrieval of the information.
The invention has for its object to eliminate the drawbacks of the known storage systems and to offer random access to the data stored information, a high storage density and capacity, and to improve the guide control for the light beam for this purpose.
This object is achieved in that the digital information of each channel is stored point-wise along a spiral track containing interruptions, each channel being assigned a concentric guide track, the light beam being focussed on both tracks of each channel for optical addressing, the light beams of all channels being controlled by deflection systems so that, while following the spiral tracks, they are directed briefly onto the guide tracks during the interruptions, control signals being derived from the radial deviation of the moving disc, measured by way of a detector system, by the deflection systems for the compensation of undesired radial motions of the spiral-shaped tracks.
An advantage according to the invention consists in that no positionsensitive detector systems are required and in that no unused intermediate space is present between the data tracks, while the guide control for the light beam is still improved.
A preferred embodiment of the device in accordance with the invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawing.
FIG. 1 shows a sector of the storage disc which illustrates the sub-division of the storage surface into a plurality of channels,
FIG. 1a shows a detail at an increased scale of the storage surface of the three neighboring channels to illustrate the sub-division of a channel into a concentric guide track and a spiral-shaped data track,
FIG. 2 shows part of the guide track and the data track of a channel to illustrate the organization of the data track and the scanning of the guide track,
FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the multi-channel storage system for digital optical data recording and retrieval,
FIG. 4 is an underview of the storage disc to illustrate the adjusting faces of the imaging objectives of different channels,
FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples of measuring rulers,
FIGS. 7, 9, 10, 11 and 14 show details of the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, and
FIGS. 8, consisting of a through e, 12 and 13 show time diagrams for the signals.
The storage disc SP of FIG. 1 can be made, for example, of a glass substrate, having a diameter of 40 cm and a thickness of 1.5 cm, on which the storage material is deposited in the form of a thin layer of metal or synthetic material. It is known that a hole can be locally burned into such layers or that the absorption or reflection can be locally changed by means of a focussed light beam. In a further embodiment, the storage layer can consist of a thin magneto-optical layer in which magnetic domains can be formed by heating by means of the focussed light beam and a simultaneously applied magnetic field. In principle, any physical or material modification of the storage material effected by the light beam can be utilized as long as these modifications are local and permanent.
It is known that holes having a diameter of approximately 1 micrometer can be burned in bismuth films having a thickness of approximately 400 A by means of a focussed light beam when 10 nJ energy is applied. For a recording duration of 2 microseconds, this corresponds to a light power of 5 mW per data track.
The storage disc of the proposed system is sub-divided into concentric storage regions which are each capable of accommodating the information of a message block and which are referred to hereinafter as channels. FIG. 1 shows a sector of the storage disc SP. The information is recorded in each channel, denoted by the channel numbers K1, 2, . . . 16, on a spiral which is referred to as the data spiral DS of the channel Ki. Moreover, each channel Ki comprises a concentric track which serves as the guide track FS for the data spiral of the channel Ki. Furthermore, there are two metallized tracks M which will be discussed hereinafter.
The sub-division of a channel into a guide track FS and a data spiral DS is shown in FIG. 1a. This Figure shows data spirals (or parts thereof) DS(K1), DS(K2 and DS(K3) of the channels K1, K2 and K3, FS (K2) and FS (K3) being corresponding guide tracks. The guide track FS can be realized, for example, by way of a groove which is burned into the disc. The data to be stored is stored on the data spiral DS in sub-blocks UB of 128 bits. As is shown in FIG. 2, each sub-block UB can commence, as is shown for the first sub-block 1. UB, with a clock bit Sync. and a plurality of index bits Ind which are used for controlling the rotary speed of the disc and for locating the data. Between the sub-blocks UB the data spiral DS comprises a void space FR which equals the space required by a plurality of data bits. The time during which this void space passes the write or read beam is utilized to scan the guide track FS to derive the control signals for correcting small deviations of the storage disc in the radial direction by small adjustment motions of the imaging optical system. The scanning instants are denoted by the reference AFS in FIG. 2. AFS' is a scan before the first data block.
In the case of an average storage disc diameter of 33 cm, the length of the data spiral which can be scanned by the light beam during one revolution of the disc amounts to approximately 100 cm. For a mean bit interval of 2 micrometers, 500 kbits can be located in one turn. If a data spiral consists of 2000 turns, the storage capacity of a channel amounts to 1 Gbit. In the case of a data spiral pitch of 2 micrometers, the radial space required amounts to 4 mm. The space required in the radial direction for the said storage channel should be increased by the space required for the guide track and for the safety clearance between guide track and data spiral as well as between the individual channels. The safety clearances are essentially determined by the reproducibility of the positioning of the disc on the disc apparatus, with little mechanical effort, during the realization of the disc recording, and also by the reproducibility of the data playback with different apparatus, so that the data stored can also be retrieved by other apparatus of the same construction. Therefore, 1.5 mm is assumed as the radial space required for the overall safety clearance. Therefore, a storage disc having an overall diameter of 40 cm can accommodate, for example, 16 channels or message blocks which have a radial space requirement of 8.8 cm.
The overall storage capacity of a 16-channel system then amounts to 16 Gbits. The data rate of this storage system is determined by the number of revolutions of the disc per unit of time. In the case of 60 revolutions per minute, the data rate amounts to 500 Kbits per second when the data are consecutively stored in the channels or are consecutively retrieved from the channels. However, if all 16 channels are operated in parallel in an arrangement comprising 16 channels, the data rate amounts to 8 Mbits per second.
The optical system consists of a plurality of groups of the same construction. Each group can cover, for example, a plurality of channels. FIG. 3 shows the optical system for one channel. All channels of a group have in common a light source 1 and a first fast digital light deflector 2 which is controlled by a switching stage 29 which receives the input data from the data input 30. The switching stage 29 consists of a switch which is controlled by the clock generator C1, the said switch switching the pulses supplied by the data input 30 to the guide tracks or the data tracks by activating the fast digital light deflectors 2 and 5. The continuously applied data input signal is compressed in order to gain time for producing or scanning guide segments on the storage disc. This is elaborated with reference to FIG. 9.
The light source 1 generates a light beam which is so intense that it can be split into two individual light beams at a later stage; this is a so-termed "double beam". In the beam splitter 4, the double beam 6 is split as many double beams as there are channels in a channel group.
Hereinafter, a description will be given of the components wherethrough the light beam passes in one channel. The same is applicable to the other channels of a channel group. These components are: a second fast digital light deflector 5, a beam expansion optical system 7, a prism 8, a light deflector 9 which is slower than the fast light deflectors and which comprises a piezoelectrically or electro-dynamically controlled mirror 9', a beam splitting cube 10, and an imaging objective 14. The fast light deflectors can be constructed as a digital electro-optical light deflector, as described, for example, in Physics Letters, Volume 12, pages 205 - 206 (1964), or as an accustic-optical light deflector as described, for example, in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Volume ED-17, pages 229 - 235 (1969).
The first fast light deflector 2, when activated by the switching stage 29 for this purpose, enables the double light beam to be quickly switched between two beam directions. These two beam directions correspond to two semi-overlapping focal point positions on the storage disc 22 which are used for scanning the guide tracks. The second fast light deflector 5, controlled by the switching stage 29 of the data input 30, has two functions. First of all, it can switch the double light beam 6 to two spatially completely separated light paths 6a, 6b. One light path is referred to hereinafter as the control beam path 6a, a light beam which has completed this path being referred to as the control beam, while the other light path is referred to as the data beam path 6b and a light beam which has completed this light path is referred to as the data beam. Secondly, the deflector 5 modulates the intensity of the beam 6a or 6b in that the light beam is switched either only to a position of the data beam path 6b or to the focal point positions of the control beam path 6a. The control beam path 6a includes an absorption filter 24 which attenuates the light beam to an extent so that the intensity no longer suffices to modify the information status of the storage layer 23. The two double beams 6a and 6b are expanded in an optical system 7; the subsequent prism 8 parallels the control beam path and the data beam path. The control beam 6a is split by a beam splitting cube 10 or a semi-transparent mirror. A sub-beam 6a' is focussed onto the storage layer 23 of the storage disc 22 by an objective 14. This sub-beam scans the guide track of each channel. The second sub-beam 6a" is imaged on a mask 12, behind which a detector arrangement 13 is arranged, by an objective 11. The data beam 6b is incident on the slow mirror deflector 9. This mirror deflector is constructed to serve, for example, 2000 directions. These beam directions are imaged in 2000 focal point positions on the storage layer 23 by the objective 14. Part of the data beam 6b" is also deflected in the objective 11 by the beam splitting cube 10, so that the data beam is also imaged on the mask 12.
The mask 12 and the detector arrangement 13 can consist, for example, of a strip provided with a line of holes and a strip detector. The mask is adjusted so that the guide beam 6a" is incident on the first hole. The mask is then directed so that the line produced by the holes corresponds to the line formed in the plane of the mask by the light deflector 9 by means of the data beam 6b". Moreover, the starting position of the light deflector 9 is also adjusted to the first hole. The number of holes corresponds to the number of achievable revolutions of the data mirror of each channel. During the scanning of the mask 12 by the light beam 6b", an amplitude-modulated signal is measured on the detector 13, a corresponding pulse being derived from this signal, i.e. a maximum value of the signal per turn of the spiral.
The feasible positions of the data beam 6a and the position of the guide beam 6b are compared on the hole grid in the mask 12. As a result, first a fixed relationship is established between guide beam direction and data beam direction, and secondly the pitch of the data spiral is determined by grid distance of the mask 12. An electronic control unit 26 controls the light deflector 9 by way of the reference signals from the detector arrangement 13. The mask 12, the detector system 13 and the control unit 26 for the slow light deflector 9 are combined to form one unit and are referred to hereinafter as the optical measuring ruler 12'.
The light deflector 9 can be activated, for example, by means of a sawtooth voltage which is controlled by the control unit 26, so that the deflected light beam is freely guided to the next grid position on the mask 12 on which it is accurately incident.
The purpose of the measuring ruler can be summarized as follows:
(a) obtaining a high resolution for the mirror deflector 9 which cannot be obtained by analog actuation only;
(b) determining the same grid for the data tracks (pitch of the data spiral) by the mask 12 for all disc stores (apparatus);
(c) determining the mirror deflector starting position by adjustment of the guide beam 6a" and of the data beam 6b" on the first grid point of the mask 12 when the disc store (machine) is adjusted for the first time.
The time required by the light beam 6b", deflected by the light deflector 9 and focussed on the data spiral, for completing the pitch of the data spiral is chosen by the rise of the sawtooth voltage so that it is slightly shorter than the time required for one revolution of the storage disc. The pulse indicating a revolution of the storage disc can be derived, for example, from the shaft of the disc drive (Rfo, FIG. 3), and can control transistor switches in the control unit 26 by means of which the charging or discharging of a sawtooth voltage capacitor, on the basis of the detector signal, is switched. See also the description given with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
Each grid position is correlated to one revolution of the storage disc 22 which is driven by a motor 24. The accuracy and the reproducibility of the pitch of the data spiral is obtained by means of the optical measuring ruler 12'. Because all channels of a channel group have the axis of the light deflector 9 and the beam splitter 10 in common, only one optical measuring ruler 12' is required per channel group.
The light source 1, the light deflection systems 2, 5, 9 and the associated optics are accommodated on a base plate 32. It must be assumed, however, that the storage disc 22 moves slightly in the radial and the vertical direction with respect to this base plate. The motions of the storage disc 22 in the radial direction are compensated for by small displacements of the objective 14 in the radial direction. The radial movement of the storage disc 22 is covered in each channel by the control beam 6a. In given time intervals this beam scans, by means of the first fast light deflector 2, the guide track at the right and at the left by way of the two focal point positions of the control beam. On the basis of a resultant difference signal it is determined to which side of the guide track the control beam has shifted. When the adjustment is correct, the difference signal amounts to zero. The difference signal actuates a piezoelectric column 17 which moves the objective 14 of each channel in the radial direction.
The small motions of the storage disc in the vertical direction are compensated for in common for all objectives 14 of a channel group. To this end, all objectives are arranged on a single plate. This distance control is required, because the objectives 14 have a depth of focus of only a few micrometers for a resolution of 2000 tracks and a track spacing of 2 micrometers. The combined control for the objectives of a channel group is possible because the substrate for the storage layer 23 can be polished flat to two interference rings in regions of approximately 20 cm in diameter and because the mechanical bending of a glass substrate having a thickness of 1.5 cm amounts to less than one micrometer over a length of 20 cm. The known capacitance principle can be used for distance control; this principle is described, for example, in Philips Technical Review, Volume 33, 1973 No. 7 pages 190 - 193.
To this end, for example, three capacitances per channel groups are measured, two of the said capacitances being situated on the outer ring (18, 18') and one capacitance being situated on the inner ring (FIG. 4). FIG. 4 is a plan view of the storage layer and the arrangement of the objectives 14 on a plate P1 which measures the distance from the storage layer 23 by means of measuring capacitances. The shaded ring surfaces RF and RF' at the inner and the outer periphery are metallized and each surface represents a plate of the measuring capacitances 18, 18', 19. Each capacitance is associated with a distance control system 27, each of which actuates a piezoelectric column 15, 16 which is arranged on the optical base plate (FIG. 3).
Piezoelectric adjusting members of this kind have been described by M. D. Graham in "Rev. Sci. Instr. 45", No 8, pages 1026 - 1037 (1974) and by J. V. Ramsay, E. G. V. Mugridge in "Journ. Sci. Instr. 39", (1962), pages 636 - 637.
Each channel requires only one stationary, location-independent detector 21 whose pulses are distributed, via 21', between the adjusting stage 28 and the data output 31. The detector 21 is arranged either behind the storage layer, in the case of transmission reading, or in front of the storage layer, in the case of reflection reading. In the case of reflection reading, the mirror 9' of the slow light deflector 9 is replaced by a beam splitting cube. In front of the detector 21 there is arranged a lens 20 which collects the light which is reflected or transmitted by the storage layer 23.
After a blank storage disc 22 has been positioned, each objective group, consisting of the objectives 14, is adjusted to a given distance from the storage layer by the scanning control system 27, the said distance being determined by the capacitances 18, 18', 19. Subsequently, the slow light deflector 9 is adjusted so that the light beam is deflected in the direction dictated by the guide beam 6a'. During this deflection, the beam passes through the first hole of the measuring ruler, and this is detected in 33, so that the starting position is defined. The detection of the first hole produces the starting signal fi. Subsequently, a concentric guide track FS is written in the storage layer 23 by means of the data beam 6b'. After that, the spiral-shaped data track DS is written. To this end, the sub-beam 6b" of the data beam 6b, deflected by the light deflector 9, is directed onto the first grid point for the data spiral of the optical measuring ruler 12', and the first data block is written by means of the sub-beam 6b'. After that, the fast light deflector 5 switches over from the data beam 6b to the guide beam 6a. The beam path 6 is split by the light deflector 2, so that the guide track FS can be scanned by the beam path 6a with two overlapping point positions. Any fluctuations of the storage disc in the radial direction are compensated for by the adjusting system 28 which is actuated by the distributor 21'. Already before the start of the next data sub-block, a change-over to the data beam path 6b takes place, and the next data sub-block is written. The organization of the data as well as the scanning of the guide track FS is shown in FIG. 2.
During the read operation, each objective 14 is adjusted with respect to the guide track of its channel by means of the guide beam 6a. The light deflector 9 addresses a given turn of the data spiral DS; this is checked via the optical measuring ruler 12'. The rotary speed of the storage disc is controlled by means of the synchronization bits of the data spiral which are derived from the data output 31, comprising clock-controlled shift registers like the data input 30, and which are applied to a synchronization stage 25. The synchronization bits also control a clock C1 which supplies the clock pulses for reading the bits each time within a data sub-block UB. The index bits of the data spiral are used for locating the data in the addressed turn of the data spiral DS. The access time for a given turn of the data spiral is determined by the response time of the light deflector 9, and lies in the millisecond range. The access time for a data sub-block is determined by the rotary speed of the storage disc. At a speed of 1 revolution per second, it amounts to approximately 1 second. The response time of the light deflector is negligibly small in comparison.
The light reflected or transmitted from the data bits is measured by the stationary detector 21. The sensitivity of known optical detection systems lies in the range of from 10-10 to 10-12 Ws/bit. This corresponds to a light power at the detector of frame 5.10-5 to 5.10-7 W/channel for a reading time of 2 microseconds. For an efficiency of 50% of the storage material used, this corresponds to a light power of 10-4 to 10-6 W/channel before the storage material. This efficiency is a factor 50 to 5000 smaller than the efficiency required for the write procedure.
A number of aspects of the storage system shown in FIG. 3 will be described in detail hereinafter. The description is given with reference to the FIGS. 5 to 10 which show details and time diagrams.
FIG. 5 shows a feasible embodiment of the mask 12 and the detection device 13. The mask is formed by a carrier 12a and comprising holes 12b which are arranged in a line. The distance A1 corresponds to the distance between a guide track and the first turn of the data spiral. The distances A2 correspond to the pitch of the data spiral. The number of holes 12b equals the number of turns of the data spiral of a channel.
The mask is adjusted so that the guide beam 6a" is incident on the hole 12b1 (adjustment of the disc storage machine). Subsequently, the mask is aligned so that the line formed by the holes corresponds to the line produced by the light deflector 9 by way of the data beam 6b" in the plane of the mask. Ths starting position of the mirror reflector 9 is also adjusted to the hole 12b1.
During the scanning of the mask 12 by the light beam 6b", the detector 13 measures an amplitude-modulated signal AS (FIG. 8) which gives an indication per turn of the spiral as regards the extent to which the beam 6b' follows the spiral. The instant at which per turn a maximum value occurs in the detector 13 makes it possible, by comparison with the instant at which it is indicated that the disc has completed one revolution, to control the sawtooth generator included in the device 26 (see further the description given with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8).
An alternative for the mask 12 and the detector arrangement 13 consists of a mask which comprises two rows of holes 12c and 12d, staggered with respect to each other, and two strip detectors 13' and 13" (FIG. 6). The advantage of this embodiment over the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 consists in that the direction in which the light beam passes across the mask can be determined from the detector signals. The mask is adjusted so that the guide beam 6a" is incident on the hole pair 12c1, 12d1, the hole pairs 12c2, 12d2, . . . then being scanned by the data beam 6b". In the device Dif the difference is established between the detector signals from the strip detectors 13' and 13". The beam is symmetrically positioned on a hole pair when the difference signal is 0. From the shape of the difference signal it can be determined in known manner in which direction the mask 12 is scanned. The detector signals shown in FIG. 8a are derived from the zerocrossing of the difference signal.
FIG. 7 shows details of the control device of the analog light deflector 26. The signal from the detector 13 is applied in the case of FIG. 5 only after the detection of the maximum value of the signal during a revolution and in the case of FIG. 6 after the determination of the said difference in the difference device Dif), together with the pulses which each time represent 1 revolution of the disc, to the direction detector RD in order to determine the forward direction VW or the backward direction RW. The sawtooth voltage U(t) which serves to control the mirror deflector 9 can be derived from these data (see also the below description with reference to FIG. 8).
The rise of the sawtooth voltage U(t) is determined by the resistor R1 and the capacitance C. For the forward travel of the mirror deflector 9, the capacitance C is charged from a constant voltage supply (not shown) via the resistor R1 via the switch S1 whose position is controlled by the direction detector signal VW of the detector RD and the disc rotation pulse fo.
For the backward travel to the starting position, the switch S2 is closed in the same manner by the signal RW. Backward travel of the mirror deflector over a desired number of track intervals is also possible if the switch S2 is controlled by the detector signal (RW) and the disc rotation pulse fo.
The foregoing is illustrated in FIG. 8 by way of time diagrams. The reference AS denotes the amplitude-modulated signal in the case of a ruler as shown in FIG. 5. (a) represents the signal from the detector 13 (the maximum value of AS or, in the case of FIG. 6, the difference signal from Dif). (b) shows the disc rotation pulses fo. In this case there is forward travel (pulses from 13 lead fo). (c) shows the switching positions of the switches S1 and S2. The diagram (d) shows the sawtooth signal U(t). Finally, the diagram (e) is a representation r(t) of the radial position of the light beam 6b' with respect to the disc. UDt is the dureation of one turn of the data spiral.
On the basis of FIG. 3 and the details thereof shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, the writing on the disc will be described with reference to the time diagrams shown in FIG. 12; and the reading will be described in time diagrams as shown in FIG. 13. Input data DE are applied to a device 30 (FIG. 3, FIG. 9). The clockpulse generator C1 produces clock pulses of a frequency fi which provide the internal synchronization of the system. Notably the synchronization of the disc speed is effected on the basis of these pulses in the device 25. The disc drive is realized thereby in 24. The rotation detector Rfo supplies one pulse fo per revolution which is also used for synchronization purposes. The generator C1 also supplies pulses fe which relate to fi so that time is gained to realize the formation or scanning of the guide tracks FS on the storage disc. Pulse series fFS and fDS are derived from fi in order to determine on the one hand starting instants for the guide tracks and on the other hand starting instants for the data tracks. The derivation can be effected in known manner, for example, the counting of pulses fi in counters or dividing devices. FIGS. 12 and 13 show how these pulse series are situated in the time relative to each other.
Switches S5 and S6 in the device 30 are controlled by the pulses fDS. The data signal DE is thus alternately applied to the register SR1 or SR2 via S5. The input of data blocks to the registers SR1 or SR2 is effected at the frequencyfe, see the diagram DE of FIG. 12. Therein, the blocks are denoted by DB (SR1) and DB (SR2), respectively. During a write operation on the disc, the registers SR2 or SR1 are read via the switch S6 at the frequency fi, so that space for one guide track (FS) is obtained. See the diagram DS5 of FIG. 12 which indicates how the digital light deflector 5 is actuated by the data blocks from SR5 and SR6 (denoted by DDB (SR5) and DDB (SR6)) in order to enable the digital information to be written by an intensity variation. The actuation is effected by the device 29 which converts the instants for fFS as well as for fDS, in synchronism with fi, into command signals by means of known logical means: DS2 for the fast light deflector 2 for supplying 2 overlapping light spots during the guide track in which the guide track pulses are written during writing. See the diagram DS2 of FIG. 12. fDS is used in 29 in order to deliver the said data signal DS5 for switching the deflector 5. When DS5 is written, the previously written guide track is read again during the blank portions in DS5: the signal DS21 in the detector 21 (diagram DS21, FIG. 12). This signal is transferred, via the distributor V21', to the adjusting device 28 which provides the adjustment to the guide track. FIG. 11 shows the construction principle of the distributor 21' and the device 28. The device 21' comprises a switching device S which is actuated by fFS, fDs and fi.
After a pulse fFS, S starts to reciprocate between the positions St1 and St2, under the control of the signal DS2, so that the pulses on the guide track are always considered at the correct instants. Any deviations with respect to the original situation appear as an asymmetry of the signal DS21. This asymmetry is converted in the adjusting device 28, having a differentiating effect on the pulses DS21 applied via the inputs 281 and 281, into an adjusting pulse JFS (see FIG. 12) which is applied to the drive electronics of the piezoelectrical columns 17. The horizontal lines at the top and bottom of the device 28 respectively represent a positive D.C. voltage source (not shown) and ground potential. FIG. 12 again shows the disc revolution pulse fo having a duration UDt, and also the radial position of the data beam 6b'. The following takes place during a read operation (see FIG. 13 which utilizes the same notations as FIG. 12): the signal DS5 ensures that the light beam passed by the deflector 5 is adjusted to low (= read) intensity ND. This is contrary to the read operation where the full intensity VI is required for writing a data pulse or a guide track pulse. The necessary external control can be effected by means of an R/W (= read/write) command which is applied to 29. The signal DS2 is active to supply the overlapping focal spot positions for scanning the guide track FS. In the case of a read operation, the detector 21 supplies the signal DS21 of FIG. 13. During the reading of the data spiral (each time between a pulse fDS and a next pulse fFS), the blocks of information are transferred to the registers SR3 and SR4, respectively (see the device 31 as shown in FIG. 10): DB(SR3), DB(SR4). The guide track is read between a pulse fFS and a next pulse fDS : signal LFS, FIG. 13. The distribution of the said signals by the device 21 is again effected in 21'. During a data block, the switch S is in the position St3 and applies the information to 31. During the scanning of a guide track (after a pulse fFS), S reciprocates between the positions St1 and St2 under the control of pulses DS2. The signal LFS is applied to the adjusting device 28, so that adjustment to the guide track can be effected. The device 31 outputs the information alternately arriving in SR3 and SR4 (synchronization frequency fi) on the basis of the frequency fe: these are the data blocks on the output DA which are denoted by DDB(SR3) and DDB(SR4), respectively, in FIG. 13. FIG. 13 again shows the corresponding diagrams for fo and r(t), the radial position of the data beam 6b', to illustrate the full relationship.
Finally, FIG. 14 shows how the device 29 can be constructed. R/W is a logic 1-signal for a write operation. The frequency fi serves for the synchronization of various elements of 29. Moreover, in this example fi is used, in conjunction with the flipflop FF2, to supply pulses which correspond to the pulses DS2 (FIGS. 12 and 13) which control the light deflector 2. This takes place only if a guide track pulse fFS indicates the beginning of a guide track segment and continues until a data track pulse fDS indicates the end of the guide track segment. This is achieved by means of the flipflop FF1 which is controlled by fDS and fFS. Consequently, between a pulse fFS and fDS there is a signal available for the AND function gate E3 by means of which the pulses DS2 are applied to the deflector 2. In the case of a write operation as well as in the case of a read operation it is thus achieved that, each time when a guide segment is detected, the deflector 2 supplies the overlapping scanning light spots for such a segment.
If a guide segment is to be written (before a data spiral is written), use is made of the signal f1 which is detected in 33 (FIG. 3) and which indicates, via the ruler 12, the location for a guide track on the disc. Assume that f1 has a duration of one complete revolution of the disc: a complete guide circle. R/W = 1, so a signal WFS is present on the output of an AND-function gate E1 on which R/W and f1 are present. WSF means: writing the guide track. In this example, the guide track is written only for the parts between a puls fFS and fDS : the output of E3 constitutes the input of the AND-function gate E4 on which WFS is also present. E4 supplies pulses DS5 (FS) which drive the deflector 5 to full intensity VI, i.e. the data beam 6b split from the light beam 6 in 5. The pulses DS5 (FS) are thus written in the guide track by means of the data beam 6b. This is effected before information itself is written. This writing of a guide track is not shown in FIG. 12; FIG. 12 relates only to the actual writing of data. It is alternatively possible to fill a guide track completely with pulses. This can be effected by connecting the output of FF2 to an input E4 rather than the output of E3. If desired, instead of pulses derived from f1, a coded pulse signal can be applied to E4; a coded guide rack pattern which is suitable for addressing purposes is thus obtained.
For writing data in turns of a spiral, the following takes place in 29:R/W = 1 and opens, in conjunction with the condition that an information track segment is "due" (which is governed by the other output of FF1 on which fDS and fFS are present for control purposes), in synchronism with fi, the AND-function gate E2 with the result that the information can flow from 30 to the deflector 5: this the signal DS5 (Inf) which is shown in FIG. 12 and which serves to control the light beam 6b (data beam) to the intensity VI or Ni in accordance with the information itself. The signals DS5 are applied from E2 and E4 to the deflector 5 via the OR-function gate G1.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 9, 1967
|Apr 6, 1971
|Harris Intertype Corp
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Despicable Me Drop The Bass MP3
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Skrillex - Cinema (drop the bass) lyrics MP3
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
so the night before Thanksgiving a few weeks ago me and my friends hit up the local bar we usually go to for a few drinks. I saw a cute guy that I've seen up there playing pool with one of my good friends several times and we hung out the whole night. whenever we would finish a game of pool he'd ask if I wanted to go smoke with him, etc. afterward, he came back to my friends house to chill and smoke with us. he ended up staying the night, just as I did, and we ended up spooning/cuddling on the couch all night together. he never tried anything, we didn't kiss or anything other than cuddle. I thought he was into me, but I have only really talked to him a couple times since then and when I text him sometimes he texts back, but most of the time he doesn't. what does that mean? I thought that night he was really into me, but I'm confused now :(
I thought that night he was really into me, but I'm confused now.
Have an opinion?
What Guys Said 1
Just maybe he rather you call sometime then to text and then again he might not be keeping up with the amount of times you text for a response to each one when he already responded to a couple or few and figured he responded. Maybe if you stop texting for a while it will throw him off a bit as to why you haven't making him think he better find out in order not to lose you. Maybe that night he wanted to had sex or figured you're just a taser. Maybe you should clearified yourself on that so that he know where you stand and you will find out what his intenetions are with you.00|00|0
thank you for your answer! I don't think he necessarily wanted to have sex, I'm thinking he would have tried to make some sort of insinuation if he was. my friend said he's a good guy that he's actually one of his few friends that isn't a douchebag so that makes me think he's not that type of guy. we were flirting texting each other back and forth sitting beside each other on the couch that night, I was wearing his hat the whole night and I made some comment that I'm pretty in it and he said yeah you are
You know what you're doing. More power to you. I he appreciate your type of quality of a woman.
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text: Antonio Alfonso, Kapitall: The government is shut down and the debt ceiling is near. But these stocks might help you keep calm and invest on. We're in week two of the US government shutdown, and markets have been acting crazy. Congress could take the country to the wire on the debt limit this month, and the shutdown is now trickling down to the real economy. Read more from Kapitall about the government shutdown: Keep Calm and Invest On: 4 Stocks to Survive the Government Shutdown Although certain economic data is not being released as usual due to the shutdown, some private sector indicators are out. Gallup released the results of its consumer confidence poll. It fell to -34 from an already dismal reading of -13 in August. But some investing opportunities exist even in a down market. Some companies have been rallying all quarter and have continued the trend during the shutdown. W e decided to screen for stocks traded on US exchanges performing well over the last week – an interesting benchmark for the performance of Congress in the same period. Tianli Agritech (OINK) is a small cap hog producer based in China that has surged recently. The company recently signed a deal with eight major Chinese hotels and restaurants to provide pork meat. And a few weeks ago, a major Chinese investor paid a premium for a 20% stake in the company. Tianli is currently trading above it's 20, 50, and 200 day moving averages. Another company surging in recent weeks is Ever-Glory International Group (EVK) which is an apparel company involved in manufacturing and retailing. The company could be benefitting from investors looking to profit on the coming holiday season. Some concerns do exist with a recent warning from the NYSE and consumer confidence having taken a hit. To round out our list, Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide (QTWW) is a producer of fuel systems and storage tanks. The company is benefitting from a recent $9.3 million order for its tanks and increasing usage of a top system it produces. The company is also currently trading above key moving averages. These three companies are all small caps and each currently trade under $5. They naturally come with some risk, but could merit a second look by investors as an inexpensive way to invest during the government shutdown. Things can be scary, but just keep calm and invest on.


text: RT Sound Recording DB /z-wcorg/ DS http://worldcat.org ID 645698551 LA English T1 Animal farm A1 Orwell, George,, Brown, Richard, PB Blackstone Audio PP [Ashland, Or.] YR 2007 SN 0786143134 9780786143139 AB George Orwell's classic satire of the Russian Revolution is an intimate part of our contemporary culture. Animal farm has been read and reread and quoted so often that we tend to forget who wrote the original words. It is an account of the bold struggle that transforms Mr. Jones' Manor Farm into Animal Farm--a wholly democratic society built on the credo that All Animals Are Created Equal. Out of their cleverness, the pigs Napoleon, Squealer and Snowball emerge as leaders of the new community in a subtle evolution that bears an insidious familiarity. The climax is the brutal betrayal of the faithful horse Boxer, when totalitarian rule is re-established with the bloodstained postscript to the founding slogan: But Some Animals Are More Equal Than Others ... Orwell's succinct, frightening words have been heard since 1946 as unsparingly descriptive of the fate of those who suffer totalitarian regimes. This audio edition of the masterpiece reminds us of Orwell's genius.


text: Looking to buy my first ZRT for 2-3 yards only. After about a month of research and test rides, i've narrowed my list to 3. All are 48" cut. These 3 were chosen because they all seem to be built well (welded decks), cut well, and have local service/support. Below are the specs/info for each. I'm leaning towards the Country Clipper because I LOVE the stand up deck for easy cleaning/maintenance, and I like the joystick drive, but that's the one brand that I can find the least reviews or opinions on. Looking to see what feedback I can get here, especially regarding the ZT2800 vs. EZT and single vs. twin ELS engine. I'm not sure I should get hung up on either one of those with only 2-3 small yards (less than acre each). Exmark Quest $3999 (it's an '08 model) 22hp B&S ELS twin ZT2800 trans Max speed 7mph Fuel Capacity 4 gal Blade speed 18,000 fpm Country Clipper Jazee $3900 (can maybe get a little cheaper) 20hp B&S single EZT trans Max speed 7.5mph Fuel Capacity 4.5 gal Blade speed 19,000 fpm Hustler Sport $3200 21hp B&S single EZT trans max speed 6mph Fuel Capacity 3 gal blade speed 18,600 fpm


text:
Bidvest Wits coach speaks about Amr Gamal capture
Bidvest Wits coach Gaven Hunt praised the signing of Egyptian international striker...
Egypt and Al Ahly legend Mohamed Abou-Treika is set to be in Kuwait on December 18 to take part in Kuwait Championship Challenge friendly tournament alongside other constellation of legends in the game.
Football players who are expected to participate in the event will be split into two teams, Football Champions Tour team against a Kuwaiti all-star team, with Abou-Treika among the former team.
Among the big names included in the Football Champions Tour are Ronaldinho, Paul Scholes, Carles Puyol, Alessandro Nesta, Steven Gerrard, Andriy Schevchenko, Alessandro Del Piero and Deco, with Carlo Ancelotti as the team manager.
The 37-year-old revealed that he was called up to participate in the world's stars match against Kuwaiti all-star team
انتظروني في الكويت ١٨ ديسمبر في مباراة نجوم العالم امام نجوم الكويت pic.twitter.com/QVySK9IQlE
— AbouTrika Official (@trikaofficial) December 5, 2015
The friendly contest is set to take place at Jaber Al-Ahmad International Stadium in the State of Kuwait.
The 37-year-old retired playmaker has recently confessed that it is so early to speak about taking over as the coach of his former side Al Ahly during the club's celebration with the new sponsorship deal.


text:
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Kerio Showcases Kerio Exchange Migration Tool at LinuxWorldAdvanced Offering Provides Businesses With Fast and Easy Migration From Microsoft Exchange to Kerio MailServer on Multiple Platforms (August 05, 2008)
SAN FRANCISCO, CA -- (MARKET WIRE) -- 08/05/08 -- LINUXWORLD CONFERENCE AND EXPO -- Kerio Technologies, Inc., a 2007 LinuxWorld Product Excellence winner of the Best Messaging Solution, previews Kerio Exchange Migration Tool (KEMT) at LinuxWorld in San Francisco. This new tool allows the seamless transfer of email and groupware data from Microsoft Exchange to Kerio MailServer on Linux and other platforms. Kerio MailServer is a leading alternative to Exchange available on several Linux distributions, Windows, and Mac for small-to-medium-sized businesses.
Kerio Exchange Migration Tool allows IT administrators with a few clicks to easily transfer domains, user accounts, user folders, public folders, folder rights, email messages and all groupware data, including contacts, calendars, tasks, notes, distribution lists and journals, from all versions of Exchange to Kerio MailServer.
The straightforward graphic user interface of Kerio Exchange Migration Tool walks administrators through the migration and offers the option to migrate individual users in stages, further simplifying the transition to Kerio MailServer in larger organizations. The Kerio Exchange Migration Tool migrates data from Microsoft Exchange 5.5 / 2000 / 2003 / 2007.
"With this new Kerio Exchange Migration Tool, we are offering an easy and simple method for businesses to quickly move their data and have all of the benefits of running Kerio MailServer on Linux," said Dusan Vitek, vice president of Worldwide Marketing for Kerio Technologies, Inc.
With this offering, Kerio's VAR channel is able to lower total cost of ownership (TCO) for their customers, as well as provide built-in features and benefits that are not available from other messaging vendors. Kerio's Business Partner Program focuses on IT resellers that build solutions around innovative software suites and services, and offers comprehensive benefits such as qualified leads, online resources and training programs.
To learn more about Kerio, please visit booth #734 at The Moscone Center, San Francisco, California. For more information about Kerio MailServer, please visit: http://www.kerio.com/kms_exchange_alternative.html.
About Kerio Technologies, Inc.
Innovative in Internet security since 1997, Kerio Technologies, Inc. provides Internet messaging and firewall software for small-to-medium sized businesses and organizations worldwide. Kerio is headquartered in San Jose, California, and has offices in New York, Great Britain, the Czech Republic and Russia. Kerio is a member of CalConnect, a calendaring and scheduling consortium, and a premier member of the Apple Developer Connection. The company has more than 500 business partners in 82 countries. Technology partners include McAfee, Inc. (NYSE: MFE), IBM Corporation (NYSE: IBM), and Notify Technology Corporation (OTCBB: NTFY). For more information, please visit www.kerio.com.
Windows IT Pro awarded Kerio MailServer Editor's Best in the messaging category for the 2007 Industry Excellence Awards.
"Kerio," its products and its logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Kerio technologies, Inc. in the United States and /or other countries, as the case may be.
Joan Fronske
Kerio Technologies, Inc.
(408) 496-3346
[email protected]
Copyright @ Marketwire
Page: 1
Related Keywords: mailserver, messaging software, linux, collaboration, firewall, Unix, Mac, Linux, OS9, OSX, Czech Republic, Russia, USA, Marketwire, Internet Technology, Business, Internet, Outdoor Sports, Email, Internet Security, russia, Other,


text:
Miller's Ale House Restaurants(407) 239-1800
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American Traditional, Wings, Seafood
American Traditional, Wings, Seafood
Jack's Place at Rosen Plaza Hotel
Seafood, Steak House, Banquet/Party Room, Bar
Seafood, Steak House, Banquet/Party Room, Bar
Anf Gyros
Casa Del Marisco
Reviews of Similar Restaurants
American Traditional, New American
Near-perfect seafood... Hot N Juicy Crawfish is a tasty little joint in Restaurant Row. It's got a fancy but casual atmosphere, great service, and the best darn crawfish you've ever had in your life. It's spicy, juicy, and cooked to perfection. The p ...
American Traditional, New American
well managed, staff is attentive, and food is good sometimes overly salted. I enjoy their selected low calorie choices.
American Traditional, New American
Top notch meaning well managed, happy staff, excellent menu, food comes out quickly and reasonably priced. A great place to bring a date, family, or large company group, service is excellent and consistent .
American Traditional, New American
always a great place to relax at bar and enjoy a well prepared appetizer flatbread and meal.
» Read More: Orlando Restaurant Reviews


text:
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The issue of infidelity in Marriages and all forms relationship is a not a new thing in society today but what most people will like to know is how forgiving can one be in matters like this. Especially in cases were a partners have been caught several times.
Over 65% of marriages experience cases of infidelity in society today. In most cases it ends up getting out of hand. We've all heard about the crazy things a jealousy lover can do. But the question is would you break-up with a your Cheating Spouse? I asked some people these questions and below was the reply I got.
I will seek God's intervention
I don't think i will break-up with my girl friend or file for a divorce from my wife because I believe everyone deserves a second change. We are all human and made of flesh; sometime we can resist the temptations of such wrongs. So I will seek Gods intervention and hope I and my spouse get through it.
(Obasi Emeka, NYSC member)
I will give him some space
Infidelity in marriage is a very serious issue, if my husband were to cheat on me I would move out of our home immediately I find out. I cant stand looking at he face of an adulterous man.
So I will give him time to think about what he has done. And if we have kids, I would also leave with my kids. I may forgive him after a while just for the sake of the children because I don't want them growing up without a father.
(Jumoke Olabukola)
I will break-up immediately
If I catch my girl friend cheating on me, I will end the relationship and make sure I deal with her for taking advantage of me all along. The thought of knowing she slept with other people will never let me think of reconciling.
(TeeBoi Adepoju)
We'll call for Intervention
Although, I'm not married yet but I hope to settle down soon, but if I or my wife were to be involved in such I believe we would call for family intervention if we truly love one another but can't resolve it by ourselves. Love is all that matters. Although, I will not do such a thing
(Godswill Umeh - Student)


text: Members of the Bathing Club can now enjoy their brand new facilities, these include: members lounge with pool table etc. Meeting room, large verandah available for functions and parties plus plans are in place for a fitness centre. Also the clubhouse has changing rooms, showers and spa facilities including sauna and steam baths.


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Sandra Benjamin eBooks
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Sandra Benjamin
Steerforth, April 2010
Format: ePub
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Description: To protect our country from the enemy.
Education and training: Well boot camp for the military is known as probably the hardest part for training+did you know that most recruits drop out in boot camp. Sounds fun right ? NO.
Beginning salary: $16,000 starting out but you have the opportunity to increase your salary as you progress through the ranks of the army.
Helpful high school classes: P.E,math ect


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Jack Dress Up Doll
Our Waldorf inspired Jack Doll is hand stuffed with Organic Egyptian cotton and created with imagination play in mind.
Jack and Jill went up the organic hill! This happy Jack Doll is a great fair trade friend for your sustainable sweetie. He comes with an extra change of clothes in his backpack. Teaches coordination skills through tying, changing, and snapping. You child will have a blast playing dress-up with their best friend!
- 13" tall
- Ages 2+
- 100% Egyptian organic cotton
- GOTS certified
- Made at fair trade farm in Egypt
- Absolutely NO Azo colorants, BPA, flame retardants, formaldehyde, fragrance, PVC or lead
Care Instructions
- Doll clothing is machine washable
- Doll is spot clean only
- Do not soak in water and leave out to air dry
Item # JACK-1043


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Pet Care Payment Plans
We understand that there are times when clients may need a bit more time to pay for pet care. We don't want our clients to put off care of their pets for fear of a large invoice.
We accept most Credit Cards and we offer Care Credit as an alternate payment option.
If interested, you can apply online for Care Credit by clicking the link below. In most cases you will have an immediate answer as to if you are approved and for how much.
Please inquire with our Client Care staff for more information.


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Umili segnalazioni di eroi e gruppi ora dispersi (non lasciamo che si perda la memoria musicale)....e poi chiacchiere, interviste, idee e proposte musicali "moderne" dell'altrettanto umile Ricky (curatore di questo blog...)!
domenica 13 settembre 2009
Electronic "Raise The Pressure"
Mah, che dire? Uno si immagina che a mettere insieme due testoline come Johnny Marr e Bernard Sumner (aiutati pure da Karl Bartos dei Kraftwerk) possa uscire l'album perfetto. Beh, forse non è proprio così. O meglio, dipende da cosa si vuol fare, perchè se la buttiamo sul guitar pop qui c'è un pezzo come Forbidden City che ti fa battere le mani, ma se la buttiamo sul versante elettronico qui ci sono dei pezzi che a mio avviso ti fanno giusto battere la testa, si, ma contro un muro. Prendere o lasciare! (1996 Virgin)
Whether it's an unfettered Bernard Sumner or a Johnny Marr free to make merry with a hook that's responsible for 1996's Raise the Pressure's shameless gaiety makes no difference. Both were the poptastic bastard children of their respective groups, and the combination of the two is enough to pen a song called "If You've Got Love." That's all we really need as an entry point—Sumner is as loveably indecipherable as ever, Marr's guitar, when it does appear, is as intrusive as a wounded lover hammering on Bernie's door in some swank Ibiza hotel. Which, to be honest, is where most of Raise the Pressure seems to talk place.
All of which is good, if sometimes nauseating. Strident chords, house-y piano breaks, rave-era curlicue synths, acoustic-sounding guitars through the chorus pedal, that vocoder effect, smoothly generic backup vox—all are present and accounted for. Thankfully, lush and vapid has been proven to age much better than self-consciously "relevant": Raise the Pressure is joyfully free of the trendy "ambient" touches that now date Republic as indelibly as a Notary stamp reading "1993." On the other hand, every song on Raise the Pressure is replete with hooks, bells, whistles, pacifiers, and candy necklaces; every song treads a fine line between aww sweet and ick banal; and every song raises that eternal question within the listener's mind—do I want to mount Bernard Sumner or simply choke him to death?
Dig "For You." It's a summer's kiss of a tune, charming and ripely forgettable—the kind of unconsciously-eternal tune that must descend upon you as you enter the halls of Pop's own Valhalla. "Can we meet on the street, maybe tomorrow / See the world at our feet, naked and hollow" sings the Barney. Words to live by, says I. The countrified breakdown makes me forget about the fascination I have with my own feces, says Salvador Dali. "Dark Angel" reminds you that this pair are about making some dance music, godammit, and if "love comes too late," well at least it comes with a hard-house breakdown that could fill Danny Tenaglia's trousers. "Second Nature" makes good on the New Order-gone-R&B-vibe promised by Republic's "Liar"—evilly-smooth funk so monolithic even Marr's chicken-scratch guitar can't defang it. The song itself, featuring one of Sumner's most concise lyrics, appears to be about overcoming one's own brutally self-aware past and living a life filled with the kind of cosmic naivete that's been the man's bread and butter since "Thieves Like Us."
Which, in the end is the bleeding point of this much-maligned record (i.e. to present Bernard Sumner's wordview in a series of heroic pop vignettes, every song an anthem an every anthem almost a song). If "One Day" envisions the future where naked come the nude, "Freefall" puts us right in the middle of it. It would have fared better as a single—a triple-stacked Mitsubishi tripping straight to the heart of rain / euphoria metaphoria. On an album of this length (it's 1996, remember) it might be one pill too many. "How Long" and "Time Can Tell" to the rescue, then. The former sighs over love's tenacity, while the latter has the audacity to question it outright even as it reaffirms the anthemic "work it out" spirit of the album ("Will we still be together / In a year from now / Or do we hate each other / We're gonna get through somehow"). It's one of the most accurate portraits of love-in-conflict ever painted—set to Mediterranean guitar strums and a hazy proto-downtempo backbeat, it's no wonder it got lost in the shuffle.
By itself, the sentiment of "Time Can Tell" would be nice enough—it's a hopeful ode that one might drop on the end of a mixtape made for a lover during a difficult point in your relationship. Coming at the end of an hour's worth of anthemic statements dedicated to a Love Triumphant, it's nothing short of sheer bravery. Why the acknowledgment of the ephemeral vagueness of love at the tail end of an album seemingly dedicated to founding an entire wordview on its certitude? This very notion, sheathed in the delicate armor of almost-perfectly disposable pop, is what makes Raise the Pressure paradoxically both easily dismissible and utterly essential. Much like love itself. (Mallory O'Donnell - http://www.stylusmagazine.com/)
- Forbidden City
- For You
- Dark Angel
- One Day
- Until The End Of Time
- Second Nature
- If You've Got Love
- Out Of My League
- Interlude
- Freefall
- Visit Me
- How Long
- Time Can Tell
Pubblicato da Ricky a 21:29
Etichette: Electronic
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We're proud to announce that Plot Hound for iPhone and iPad was just approved by Apple and is now available for download from the iTunes App Store. The iPhone/iPad version contains all of the same features as the Android version (except for Google Navigation).
As part of our mission to simplify cruising for all foresters, we're super excited to make Plot Hound available for free too all iOS users. We've put together a short "Getting Started" guide to help you start using Plot Hound out to the woods as quickly as possible. Welcome to cruising with Plot Hound!
We had overwhelming demand for an iPhone version of Plot Hound, so we pushed out this version as fast as we could. There may be some small bugs we didn't catch in this initial release, so let us know if you run into any issues and we'll send out updates as quickly as we can.
Plot Hound for Android 4.0
There were a few bugs that prevented Plot Hound from working correctly on the newest version (4.0 "Ice Cream Sandwich") of the Android operating system. We've fixed those problems and updated Plot Hound on the Android Market. You can download the newest version here.
Experimental Support for BlackBerry, webOS, and Symbian
jQueryMobile, and PhoneGap. This means that we only have to maintain a single codebase but can support a wide variety of mobile platforms. While we're focused on Android and iOS for now, we have highly experimental builds of Plot Hound for BlackBerry, webOS, and Symbian. If you're interested in getting early access to Plot Hound for any of these platforms, shoot us an email and we'll send one your way.
Website Updates:
Diameter Distribution Charts and Stand Tables
Over the past few months, we've given the website a facelift and added some new functionality. We chose to go with a Google-esque white color scheme to give the site a cleaner and more modern feel We took the same approach with the new color scheme for Plot Hound as well.
|(Click image to magnify)
We use Plot Hound to run our business so we're always working to make Plot Hound better. Some of our plans for future improvements include:
- Support for Windows Phone 7 (as soon as PhoneGap Build supports it)
- Better mapping, navigation, and GPS interfaces
- Adding offline map tiles (so you can see maps on your phone out in the woods)
As always, feel free to send us an email if you have any questions or run into any problems with Plot Hound.


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The Google doodles that appears on the homepage of the search website today is for the celebration of the 200th birthday of Charles Dickens, the greatest English novelist. He belongs to the Victorian era and has given many famous novels. He has created memorable characters like David Copperfield and Ebenezer Scrooge.
The doodle represents a Victorian feel that is completely unrelated to the usual search results and as it is about Dickens, it redirects the visitors to the Google Books results that displays the novels written by him.
The characters that are in the doodle are that of Pip, Bob Cratchit and Ebenezer Scrooge. Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England on February 7th 1812. He was a strong influential force of the English literature in the 19th century.
His creations include the classics like Our Mutual Friend, The Adventures of Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, A Tale of Two Cities, Bleak House, David Copperfield and A Christmas Carol.
He has worked as a clerk initially and then has as shorthand reporter in court, newspaper reporter and he wanted to become an actor but he became a writer at end. He expired suddenly due to stroke on June 9th 1870.
Google has posted 260 doodles totally in 2011 which is nominally higher than that of 2010 which was 258. It also creates country specific home pages for certain occasions. In December 2011, the company announced the Doodle website that has all the doodles right from the first one created in 1998.


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New! Zelie for She Collection—Forever Young
Say hello to the Zelie for She fall 2013 collection! It launched today featuring the beautiful Kelly of MasqueMag.com. This is Elann Zelie's second collection and if there is anyone passionate about fashion and dressing a woman's curves, it's definitely Elann! I'm lucky to call her my friend and am so in love with this Forever Young collection.
10 Accessories to Liven Up a LBD (Little Black Dress)
I'm just going to go ahead and say it. Sometimes, I get bored with my outfits. I know I already have a very casual style, but sometimes I feel the need to spice things up. OK, I'm not talking about getting crazy here. I just want to liven up my look every now and then.
Men's Big and Tall: Cubavera Picks
It seems like every day I hear the complaints about not being able to find the right clothes for our big and tall guys. Believe me, I know your pain! But, I want you to know it's out there. We just have to look. Like today, I discovered Cubavera carries Big & Tall up to a size 4X!
Obsessed! Bobbi Brown Rich Chocolate Collection
Hey beauty lovers! I wrote a post over on Babble.com featuring the new Bobbi Brown Rich Chocolate Collection. It's limited edition and it's a gorgeous collection! I just had to share it with you here. Make sure you head over there to check it out and see more photos!
A Touch of Plaid (OOTD)
It's officially fall, but you can't really tell here in Los Angeles. I love the cooler weather and can't wait for it to hit. Until then, I will continue to dress like it's summer. In this outfit post, that's exactly what I did when I headed out for a fun night of bowling.
Shoe Fever: Shoe Cult by Nasty Gal
Wow…it's been a while since I wrote a Shoe Fever post! It's not like I've lost my lust for shoes or anything. In fact, I'm headed out of town this weekend and I'm looking for a certain pair of shoes, so I've kind of been all over the net trying to find them. No luck…yet. Yeah, I do fly out tomorrow!
The Day that Changed My Life
I can't believe I almost forgot the importance of today's date. Just like everything else, it took a Facebook status to remind me how special it is. Thank you Chief! Many years ago, I made the decision to change my life forever and join the United States Air Force. Believe me, it was shocking for a lot of people. I had never once expressed interest in joining the military. Never!


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We offer Portable Surface Roughness Tester from Zeiss-TSK, packed with powerful functions for convenient operations.
All Functions for convenient Operations
Complies with major International standards such as ISO, DIN, CNOMO, JIS, ASME
Data Memory/Battery Operation: Ten complete Data records can be stored.Rechargeable battery operation provides versatile usof the line independent of the line supply.
Measuring in different positions: The small and light handysurf measures not only flat,horizontal,but also vertical and overhead surfaces.
Direct data Transfer to the PC- The RS 232 serial interface is used to transfer measured data,parameters and profile curves directly to the PC.
- Measuring Range: Z axis +/- 160 um, X Axis 12.5 mm
- Resolution : 0.01 um
- Standards: JIS 2001, JIS-1994,JIS 1982,ISO-1984,DIN-1990,ASME-1995,CNOMO
- Parameters: Pt, Ra, Rq, Rz, Rzmax, Rp, Rt, R3z, RSm, Pc, Rk, Rpk, Rvk, Mr1, Mr2, VO, K, Rmr, R, Rx, AR, W, Wx, AW, Wte
- Evaluation Curves: Section Profile Curve,Roughness Curve,ISO 13565


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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
We'll match your job to the relevant tradesmen in your area - those interested will pay to see your contact details and call you to quote.
As each tradesman expresses interest in quoting on your job, we'll send you their profile and ratings to help you choose the right one for you.
After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
Drainage Specialist
Added 15/03/2016
Bathroom down pipe blocked at ground level
Searching for tradespeople
Drainage Specialist
Added 05/08/2015
External blockage of waste pipe from toilet
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Added 24/03/2015
The drain outside my backdoor appears to have a small blockage as from time to time water is...
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Drainage Specialist
Added 24/09/2014
outside downpipe which services bathroom blocked at bottom joint
Drainage Specialist
Added 28/01/2014
Terrace House. Over the last month or so we have occasionally smelt a slight sewage smell in...
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Drainage Specialist
Added 03/09/2013
Main drain blocked - sewage water running into the front garden. Customer owns and lives...
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Happy to recommend. Did the work exactly as required and knew what he was doing.
Managing your job is easier with the Rated People Homes App, download it today.


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I was going to try it out, and also wanted to lighten my face a bit. So has this worked for any of you. I do not trust any cream and I just wanted to do this quickly with natural household items.
Most Helpful Girl
All of those three separately can lighten it, but I'm not sure if mixing milk and lemon is a good idea. :/
You can do it with either just milk or with just honey and lemon. Be careful not to use too much lemon though, because it can irritate sensitive skin and cause breakouts. And make sure not to expose it to the sun, since that can cause discoloration which is the opposite of what you want, so it's best to just do it at night. Remember to exfoliate 1-2 times a week too, as that speeds up the process of getting rid of dead skin cells and allowing new skin cells to surface. The honey will help with skin restoration, but better apply moisturizer as well if you're not gonna do the mask everyday. And lastly, use sunscreen when you go out during the day, so that your effort don't just all go to waste.00|00|0


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Cabin on the shores of Colbun Lake, the main artificial lake of Chile, at only 4 hrs. from Santiago by bus, train or car.
Maule Region rentals, vacation homes direct from the owners
Enjoy the destination Maule Region for rent with IHA the portal for seasonal direct by owners rental ads. Book without any commission nor agency fees your vacation home in Maule Region directly with owners. The ads for the destination Maule Region for rent are verified and offer a wide selection of the cheapest villas, apartments, houses and chalets. Many pictures and rental descriptions are available to organize your stay in family or with friends under the sun: Maule Region with IHA means "vacation time".
Unusual ! 2 bedrooms Shack for rent from 1 to 4 people
$175* Night
direct by owners
from $175/Night*
See the rates
1 request already received
Advert 69191
Show map
Cabaña del lago Shack 485 Sq.ft. in a hotel. unobscured, mountain, country side, lake view
Swimming poolParkingPrivate beach
Log cabin equipped with view to the Lake, terrace, swimming pool and outdoor spa. It includes sheets and towels in bathroom, daily cleaning, restaurant and bar as well as also the possibility of making all kinds of outdoors activities; hiking with guide, kayaking with or without Guide, mountain bike with expert guide, full day horseback riding. The cabin is located within the private property of the... Unusual ! Shack Rental in Colbún #69191 >
Interior facilities
- Sleeping den
- 1 Bathroom
- Toilets
- Living room < 100 Sq.ft
- American style kitchen
- Dining area
- Mountain vacation
- Ideal for all age groups and couples
- Kids welcome
- Setting : Suitable for a relaxing break, Natural
- Lake at <165'
- Ecotourism
View the advert
3 bedrooms Bungalow for rent for 6 people
direct by owners
1 request already received
Advert 34059
Show map
Cabañas Maria Antonieta Bungalow 410 Sq.ft. in a property. panoramic, swimming pool, garden/park, courtyard viewBungalow Rental in Licantén #34059 >Swimming poolParkingPrivate beach
Interior facilities
- 1 Bathroom
- Living room
- Sitting room
- Separate kitchen
- Dining room
- Tv den
- Countryside vacation
- Ideal for all age groups
- Setting : Lakeside, Suitable for a relaxing break
- Sandy beach at 6mi.
- Culture, Fishing
View the advert


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Lindisfarne Tickets
St Peter & St Paul's Church, Levenham Contact venue for tickets
Subscription Rooms, Stroud
Embassy Theatre, Skegness
Newcastle City Hall, Newcastle
Newcastle City Hall, Newcastle
What people are saying about Lindisfarne
Rated 5 out of 5 by Tuck from Top Band First saw Lindisfarne in the early 80's with Alan Hull a number of times, after seeing them this year at the Platform in Morecambe I am glad to see they were just as good as they were then, I will be going to see them again, not to be missed also the venue was great... so great to see genuine bands and not the type of plastic/celebrity groups the radio & television seem to push nowadays
Date published: 2017-03-21
Rated 5 out of 5 by Jackncaz from Lidisfarne on home ground My wife and I travelled a round trip of 180 miles on Saturday to see Lindisfarne in Stockton on Tees. The venue (the ARC) was first rate as the staff went out of their way to make you feel at home. Lindisfarne are a collection of truly accomplished musicians who play with a sense of fun achieving this without much of the modern electronic gadgetry (ear pieces etc) employed by most musicians in this era. The diehard fans loved the old favourites however the highlight was the solo by the extremely talented Dave Hull-Denholm. More please!
Date published: 2017-03-06
Rated 5 out of 5 by Pam H from Brilliant night out I was quite a while since my husband an I had seen Lindisfarne live, if anything they were even better than before.
Date published: 2017-01-04
Rated 5 out of 5 by Tamarisk 59 from A bit of fog on the Tyne in the Solent Great to see my high school heroes still rocking not quite the City Hall traditional event however very civilised front row table, seat a proper glass of wine!
Date published: 2016-12-10
Rated 5 out of 5 by Tigger998 from Brilliant performance Good venue. Good support group . Great view of stage. Didn't need a mortgage to buy drinks. Lindesfarne were brilliant.
Date published: 2016-12-09
Rated 5 out of 5 by paulmoulding from lindisfarne at their party best.! This was a Christmas present from my children. Lindisfarne have mellowed like a fine wine. As the set rolled along so did the party atmosphire. It was nice to be able to sing along without anyone saying anything, because the were singing too! Only shame was I had to come from Wales to see them!!!
Date published: 2016-12-09
Rated 5 out of 5 by AliG from Brilliant birthday Been wanting to see Lindisfarne since I bought Nicely Out of Tune as my first album 45 years ago but for one reason or another had never managed it. Set was great almost all the songs I was looking for and Winter Song and Lady Eleanor gave me that shiver up the back feeling. Small intimate venue with died in the wool fans for a sing along and one even got on stage for Run for Home.
Date published: 2016-12-09


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4 Holiday Turtles by VanillaAcolytesWatch
©2011-2017 VanillaAcolytes
These are four out of the eight turtles I'm making as holiday gifts for the people I work with. I have the shells made for all eight, but I'm slowly going through and adding the heads and legs.
I'm hoping to have the other four up in the next few days.
Which one's your favorite?
I'm hoping to have the other four up in the next few days.
Which one's your favorite?
Thanks! The turtles have always been some of my favorite plush to make.
turtles are sooo amazing n cute i love them
Would you be willing to make these for sale? They would match my nursery perfectly!!
So cute!
They're so cute! Aw, and I adore their little eyes. <3
My favourite has to be the blue and white one. There's just something very sweet looking about that one.
My favourite has to be the blue and white one. There's just something very sweet looking about that one.
Thanks! I love using safety eyes. They give so much more character to plush. And I like the white and blue one too.
I like the blue one and the purple one best I think! They're all lovely though!
Very sweet work on all four of these, Jess.
Aw, cute and vibrant! Awesome job on the color work, pal!
Those are adorable I'd have to say the blue one is my fave
oeh, cute! I really like the contrast of the blue and orange =^.^=
Thank you! I was afraid to mix those colors, but my boyfriend pushed me to. Neither of us thought it would have come out as well as they did.
I like the orange one too. The colors are so vibrant! C:
Thanks! That one is my favorite too. I didn't think it would come out well, but surprisingly it did.
These are so cute, I really like the orange one! c:
Thank you! The sad thing is I thought the orange one would be the worst one, but it turned out the best.
I like how the colors pop!
Thank you! These are probably the brighter ones out of the set. The other four are a bit more subdued (making them for guys and didn't want loud out there colors. )
These are cute ^_^


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Distance: 110 km
Heightmeters up: m
Difficulty ranking: 0
Difficulty score:
Giro del Gran Ducato
Did you ride the GF Geotermia? Please send your cycling story, description or comments to climbbybike and get your own tour on climbbybike, You can also send us video's or send us pictures on the GF Geotermia.
© climbbybike™ All rights reserved 2005 -


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Status: Open
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Keep your medical practice ahead of the financial curve when you contact our medical billing service in Mountainside, NJ, at (877) 667-8879.
Be the first NJ.com user to add photos or videos of Advantage Medical Billing Inc
Advantage Medical Billing Inc was founded in 1993, and is located at 1020 Springfield Ave # 202 in Mountainside. Additional information is available at www.advantagemedicalbilling.com or by contacting Taras Tylko at (908) 654-6670.
Advantage Medical Billing Inc can be found at Springfield Ave 1020. The following is offered: Doctors & Clinics. The entry is present with us since Sep 8, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Mountainside there are 18 other Doctors & Clinics. An overview can be found here.


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The Haromar Hotel is situated in one of the best areas in Calella, opposite the sea and the promenade, in a tree-lined avenue. The position of the hotel really gives it a viewpoint over the sea, the promenade and the town itself. Calella has 2 miles of beach and magnificent natural rocky coves. It has an attractive pedestrian shopping area and there is a great variety of restaurants, terraces, dance halls, discos and music bars, creating an excellent nightlife.
Distance from Airport:
25 miles
All have * balcony/terrace * bathroom/shower * WC * satellite TV * telephone * heating * (certain amenities may be payable locally)
Transfer time:
40 minutes
Location and Resort:
The Haromar Hotel is a small select hotel with 250 beds. It has been family owned and run since 1969. There are numerous restaurants, bars, shops and cafes in town and nightlife just down the road. The beaches of Calella regularly win the European Blue Flag for good quality.
Eating and Drinking:
The hotel has a restaurant and a bar serving buffet style breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Swimming pools:
The hotel has a small swimming pool.
Right choice:
This typically styled hotel will appeal to families and couples looking for comfortable accommodation in a beachfront location.
Suitable for:
Couples and Families


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Question: Auditor oversight bodies have recently been established in several countries discussed
Auditor oversight bodies have recently been established in several countries discussed in this chapter. Identify the auditor oversight bodies discussed in the chapter. What is the reason for this recent trend?
View Solution:
View Solution:
Answer to relevant QuestionsWhat is the difference between principles-based and rules-based accounting standards? What evidence indicates that U.S. GAAP is rules-based?China's aim is to develop accounting standards that are harmonized with international practices. Cite some examples indicating that Chinese accounting standards are consistent with "world-class" practices.The United Kingdom and the United States have a common accounting heritage and are linked by history and language. The term Anglo-American accounting is sometimes used to denote their accounting styles because of the ...How do cultural values influence accounting? Are there parallel influences between the factors identified in Question 1 and the cultural factors identified here?The chapter identifies seven economic, historical, and/or institutional variables that influence accounting development: sources of finance, legal system, taxation, political and economic ties, inflation, level of economic ...
Post your question


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Bigg Boss 7's Monday episode is going to see weekly nominations as usual and also the nominations for the next captain too is going to take place. Along with this what is going to entertain us most is to see Sofia Hayat going on a speed-date with all the guys in the house. Also, what is going to shock most is when Sofia Hayat demands Sangram give him a kiss on the lips!
Yes, you read it right, Sofia Hayat is asked to go on a speed-date with the guys in the house, Sangram Singh, Armaan Kohli, Ajaz Khan and VJ Andy. Everyone knows until this but, what no one knows except Sofia is that she is asked to be rude to two suitors and repel the other two.
During this process she would decide to repel Sangram and Ajaz and comes up with the best way to make Sangram run the other way. She demands Sangram to give her a kiss on the lips! Sangram, being the shy down-to-earth person would try his best to escape from the scene as expected.
Today's episode will put four more contestants in the hot spot and they will try their best to win the votes from the viewers to survive this week's eliminations.
Ajaz Khan Comes With A Gift
Ajaz Khan would come to date Sofia with a gift. He would bring a teddy bear to impress her.
Sofia With Andy
Sofia and Andy have the London connection and they hit it off pretty good from the day one.
Sofia On High
Sofia, who would have decided before hand to repel Sangram would pretend to be too enthusiastic.
Place Demands
Sofia would hug Sangram and make him uncomfortable. She then asks him to kiss her on the lips just once.


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Author | exchange4media News Service | Monday, Oct 18,2004 7:35 AM
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Trai) Chairman Pradip Baijal today said operators would one day realise the importance of unbundling their last-mile connectivity.
"The government had to drop unbundling of the local loop clause from the new broadband policy as Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd opposed it. But one day they will recognise the value of this gold mine and start unbundling," Baijal told reporters on the sidelines of a seminar organised by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (Ficci).
Baijal's statement came a day after the government ignored Trai's recommendations on unbundling, fiscal measures and the open sky policy in the broadband policy announced yesterday.
The Trai chief said a number of areas like the open sky policy for the VSAT and DTH operators and the finance ministry's approval for the suggested fiscal incentives were still awaited.
He said the tax breaks and the open sky policy, which allows DTH and VSAT operators to work directly with any international satellite, would help reduce the price of broadband services.
"The services will not kick off if prices remain at the present level of $15 for a 100 kilobytes per second connection. In Korea, they charge $0.25 for this, whereas their per capita income is 20 times that of ours," he added.
Earlier, addressing the seminar, Baijal said the government was determined to replicate the success of mobile telephony in broadband services. He said more and more corporates entering the business could improve the service and the content side of broadband.
"This chicken and egg story of services and content can only be broken by a set of initiatives, rather than only one initiative. There is enormous amount of fibre, which needs to be utilised properly through appropriate policy and a sound regulatory mechanism," Baijal said.
Programming HeadRadio Mango