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Tough times for men in the middle
BILL BONBROFF was just 16 when he started as a linesman in 1952. He worked his way up to refereeing football league matches before he retired a decade ago.
Now he is a referees' assessor for the county football association in Gloucestershire. He says the pressure on referees has increased dramatically since he first took up the whistle.
Their decisions are constantly questioned, there are more fouls and flare-ups both between players themselves and with referees, and spectators yell abuse from the sidelines. And that's just in local children's matches.
"When you're refereeing youngsters, the attitude of parents is unbelievable," he says. "Say our Johnny is playing, dad and everybody else is telling him what to do. In some instances, they're even throwing abuse at the referee. It's not often in youth football that you get trouble with players. Most of it is coming from the parents on the touchline."
This partly explains the shortage of referees throughout the 43 English county football assocations. According to the FA in the past five years the number of new recruits to refereeing has increased steadily from around 6,000 a year to over 7,500.
Yet many get no further than completing the initial course. Only around 20-30 per cent go on to referee matches and even then the drop-out rate is high.
"In Bristol recently we had 45 on the course," says Bill Bonbroff. "Only eight of them are going on to referee. We tend to get parents whose children play for a local team, or teachers looking for something extra on their CV."
Where do you start? Training begins at this local level. Initially the Football Association requires recruits to be over 14, fit and with good eyesight. A passion for football also helps.
You take a training course in one of the county football associations. This is based on a standard syllabus set by the FA and the Referees' Association.
The recommended initial training is a minimum of 12 hours, culminating in a written exam and oral test. In Bill Bonbroff's day these were based mainly around the rules of the game.
Today they are more a set of incidents that ould happen on the field in a hypothetical match, with questions such as "Is this man offside?"
If you pass you are a class 3 referee, qualified to preside over local and youth matches. But like taking your driving test, only when you get out there on the pitch does the real training begin.
After a year or so of matches, a class 3 referee can apply to the county FA to be assessed to move up to class 2. And it's the same process up to class 1.
Only from that level onwards can referees progress up the pyramid of leagues, ultimately - if they're good enough - to the Premier League.
So it's a long old road. Of the 33,000 referees registered with the FA, fewer than two dozen get to preside over Premier League matches. And you do it for love, not money. Although Premier League referees earn pound;600 per game plus expenses, at county level they get around pound;8 or pound;10 per match and their bus fare.
Over the past few years the FA has staged recruitment campaigns around Euro 96 and the World Cup, aimed at attracting youngsters into refereeing. The FA is also trying to recruit more women.
But Ken Ridden, the Football Association's director of refereeing, says apart from recruiting, they also have to try to keep referees.
"They're just not ready for the amount of hassle they get," he said. "I think this is a reflection of society's attitude towards authority. People have been encouraged to question rather than just accept decisions.
"If I was refereeing in the football league 20 years ago, we might have had one camera there for Match of the Day. Now for most Premier League matches, there are something like 16 camera positions. There are things a referee and two assistants couldn't possibly see from those positions."
With these demands and pressures, so the training has changed. "We now have to look beyond just teaching the laws and the interpretation. We have to teach them how to handle difficult situations. And we have to look much more in terms of teaching communication and management skills. In some respects it's almost a damage limitation exercise."
For more information contact your local county football association via the FA, 16 Lancaster Gate, London, W2 3LW, telephone 0171 314 5245


text: New York 659; ca. 1940s; Separate two piece skirt with inverted tucks at front. Blouse with notched or shawl collar; set in sleeves perforated for short and ¾ sleeves. Contents[show] Links to reviews/blog postsEdit Sources/VendorsEdit GalleryEdit WishlistEdit Retrieved from "http://vintagepatterns.wikia.com/wiki/New_York_659?oldid=711775" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Vintage Sewing Patterns New York 1940s Blouses Skirts Suit-Dresses Two Piece Tucks Dart fitted Dart tucks Flared Skirts Front button closing Jackets Overblouses Shaped Collar Lapels Shawl Collar Contrast Collar V Neckline Short Sleeves Long Sleeves Three-quarter Sleeves Louise Scott Add category Cancel Save

subset: commoncrawl


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This is the main timeline page for The AltAlthistory.
- January 24th (POD) - Nik42 decides to not create the alternate history wikia on wikicities.com, seeing it as a risky experement and decides to go to AH.com to write timelines.
- December 4th - The 1983: Doomsday project is born on AlternateHistory.com, with many people taking interest in the concept.


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Don Poling Photographer
Mck ennaModel Female Los Angeles, California, US
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About MeProfessional model & soccer player living in Venice Beach, LA.
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About Britt D-Z
Born: Ridgecrest, California
Current: Mountain Home, Idaho
Birth: November 21
On Moms.com since: May 8, 2014
a stay at home mother of three wonderful little people! I love them more than words can say, more than actions can show, and more than life itself. They truly are my EVERYTHING!! :)


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Ryan Ashton
Co-founder and CEO
Mr. Ashton has extensive experience in driving successful marketing, sales, IPO and M&A strategies for advanced-technology companies. His experience includes serving as a senior vice president, sales and marketing at Megahertz—a publicly-held company with annual sales in excess of $150 Million; as a senior officer at Inari, a pre-IPO technology start-up; and as CEO of Printelligent Corporation. Mr. Ashton has a proven track record in successfully managing diverse teams of personnel—scientists, marketing, sales and administrative resources—in high-growth technology companies.
Jeffrey Rona
Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Rona is a seasoned executive in the healthcare and biotech industry, with over 20 years of experience in originating, structuring and executing corporate transactions and financings. Prior to joining Great Basin, he was chief business officer of GlobeImmune, a private biopharmaceutical company developing treatments for cancer and infectious diseases. He was vice president of Corporate Development at Corgentech, Inc., following its merger with AlgoRx Pharmaceuticals. Mr. Rona helped execute the transaction in his role as CFO of AlgoRx prior to the merger. Mr. Rona also served in the investment banking department of UBS Warburg, and as director of finance and corporate development at Agenus, where he was instrumental in its IPO. He started his career at Coopers & Lybrand. Mr. Rona has a B.S. in Accounting from Case Western Reserve University.
Robert D. Jenison
Senior Vice President, R&D and Chief Technology Officer
Mr. Jenison joined Great Basin Corporation from BioStar, an Inverness Medical Innovations Inc. company (formerly Thermo Electron), where he served as associate director of Research and Development. At BioStar, Jenison directed a team in developing rapid nucleic acid diagnostic assays, created and then executed the go-to-market strategy for the platform, and was nominated for the Thermo Electron Life and Laboratory sector's Innovation Award for development of the CF genotyping test. Jenison has been awarded four patents based on his work with nucleic acid ligands and arrayed elements; furthermore his work has been published in numerous scientific journals. Jenison holds a bachelors degree in Chemistry from Revelle College, University of California at San Diego.
Sandra Nielsen
Senior Vice President, Sales, Marketing, and HR
Ms. Nielsen is a seasoned executive with extensive success in building and executing customer acquisition programs for high–growth technology start–ups. Nielsen joins Great Basin from Pearson PLC where she served as senior director of marketing for the Data Solutions business unit (formerly Edustructures). During her tenure at Edustructures, she created and implemented aggressive marketing and customer acquisition programs that positioned the company for purchase by Pearson. Prior to Pearson, Nielsen served as the senior director of marketing for Omniture where she executed programs that contributed to the company's record–setting (100 percent year–over–year) revenue growth in preparation for the company's 2006 IPO. Nielsen oversees commercial strategy, including the company's global sales and marketing efforts, managing both the direct sales team as well as the distributor network, and leads the customer/technical support operations. Nielsen also oversees product management/lifecycle and user experience, as well as corporate communications, public relations, and branding.
Wesley C. Lindsey, Ph.D, MBA
Vice President, Product Development
Dr. Lindsey joins from Nanosphere, Inc. where he was the associate director of Assay Development, Infectious Disease. At Great Basin, Dr. Lindsey is responsible for the development of IVD (In Vitro Diagnostics) assays from feasibility to FDA 510(k) clearance and market, and for directing reagent manufacturing and quality control. He received his Ph.D. in Genetics and Molecular Biology from Emory University, Atlanta, Ga., and an MBA from Georgia State University.
Carlos B. González, Ph.D.
Vice President, Engineering
Dr. Carlos González joined Great Basin Scientific from Abbott Point of Care where he served as R&D Director of Instrument Development. Prior to Abbott POC he held positions in new technology development with Siemens Diagnostics, Abbott Pharmaceutical (now Abbvie), and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories where he helped demonstrate real-time PCR on a chip with nL volumes. At Great Basin, Dr. Gonzalez is responsible for analyzer and cartridge systems development. He received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from University of California at Davis.


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Dr. Na and Dr. Kawai work together to offer top-of-the-line eye care to all patients, each bringing unique, complementary skills and personalities to the practice. With a common goal of providing the highest quality, comprehensive eye care to patients of all ages, our optometrists are constantly working towards improving the practice for a better overall patient experience.
Dr. Benjamin Na, OD
Dr. Benjamin Na is a general optometrist treating patients in San Ramon and San Mateo.Meet Dr. Benjamin Na
"My mission is to provide my patients with a comprehensive understanding of their eyes, answers to all their questions, and solutions that fit their needs."
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Dr. Kelli Kawai, OD
Dr. Kelli Kawai is an optometrist with a passion for educating people about the health of their eyes.Meet Dr. Kelli Kawai
"I enjoy interacting with patients and am looking forward to providing excellent eye care."
— Kelli Kawai, OD


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Personalized superhero or princess cape and mask from BabyPop Designs
As the mother of a toddler who absolutely loves Linny, Tuck, and Ming-Ming too, I honestly gasped with glee when I first set eyes on the custom personalized superhero capes from BabyPop Designs! There are so many things about this cape, and BabyPop Designs, that I simply adore. Before I go on, I'm excited to tell you that one lucky Dear Crissy reader is going to win their own personalized superhero (or princess) cape with mask! Just look how cute my kid is in this cape!
BabyPop Design LLC is Located in the suburbs of Philadelphia. We create personalized superheroes and princesses everyday. The main part of the business is BabyPop's custom made personalized superhero princess cape sets . The capes feature the child initials, and the logo of there choice shield, crown, circle heart star, spider, alligator…in any color of your choice.
Evan truly feels like a superhero when he wears his BabyPop Designs cape. In fact, he squeals, "SUPER E!!!", whenever he sees it. He loves running through the house, cape flapping in the wind. My mom pointed out that it would have made the perfect Halloween costume, and I have to agree. What a cute, comfortable choice for a costume.
When you order your cape from BabyPop Designs, you will have the option to choose the color, logo, and letter. I chose Wonder Pets colors for Evan's cape, but there are so many options! It might even be fun to let your little one be a part of the ordering process to create a truly unique experience. Made of premium satin and super eco-friend felt letters.
I am also quite impressed with the affordable pricing on BabyPop Designs. Superhero capes are $16.00, which I found quite surprising when noting the quality and cute-factor of the cape. I would have guessed that the price was two or three times that amount when you factor in the personalization.
Conclusion? LOVE IT. So does Evan! Ready to win your cape and mask set? Giveaway Closed
Disclosure: I received a cape from BabyPop Designs for review. No additional compensation was received, and opinions are my own. Promotion ends Jan 27th, 2010, 11:59 p.m. EST.


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|"Mark Miller (JIRA)" <j...@apache.org>
|[jira] Commented: (LUCENE-994) Change defaults in IndexWriter to maximize "out of the box" performance
|Thu, 25 Oct 2007 17:48:50 GMT
[ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-994?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#action_12537668 ] Mark Miller commented on LUCENE-994: ------------------------------------ Quick question due to a new issue I am seeing in my application...could the concurrent merge possibly break apps that add a doc and then expect to be able to find it *immediately* after? I suspect this is not the case, just wondering based on some odd new behavior I am seeing. For example, if you call adddoc and it triggers a background merge, the doc is still immediately visible to the next call from the same thread right? No possibility for a race? > Change defaults in IndexWriter to maximize "out of the box" performance > ----------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Key: LUCENE-994 > URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-994 > Project: Lucene - Java > Issue Type: Improvement > Components: Index > Affects Versions: 2.3 > Reporter: Michael McCandless > Assignee: Michael McCandless > Priority: Minor > Fix For: 2.3 > > Attachments: LUCENE-994.patch, writerinfo.zip > > > This is follow-through from LUCENE-845, LUCENE-847 and LUCENE-870; > I'll commit this once those three are committed. > Out of the box performance of IndexWriter is maximized when flushing > by RAM instead of a fixed document count (the default today) because > documents can vary greatly in size. > Likewise, merging performance should be faster when merging by net > segment size since, to minimize the net IO cost of merging segments > over time, you want to merge segments of equal byte size. > Finally, ConcurrentMergeScheduler improves indexing speed > substantially (25% in a simple initial test in LUCENE-870) because it > runs the merges in the backround and doesn't block > add/update/deleteDocument calls. Most machines have concurrency > between CPU and IO and so it makes sense to default to this > MergeScheduler. > Note that these changes will break users of ParallelReader because the > parallel indices will no longer have matching docIDs. Such users need > to switch IndexWriter back to flushing by doc count, and switch the > MergePolicy back to LogDocMergePolicy. It's likely also necessary to > switch the MergeScheduler back to SerialMergeScheduler to ensure > deterministic docID assignment. > I think the combination of these three default changes, plus other > performance improvements for indexing (LUCENE-966, LUCENE-843, > LUCENE-963, LUCENE-969, LUCENE-871, etc.) should make for some sizable > performance gains Lucene 2.3! -- This message is automatically generated by JIRA. - You can reply to this email to add a comment to the issue online. --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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Insulin resistance during pregnancy is counteracted by enhanced insulin secretion. This condition is aggravated by obesity, which increases the risk of gestational diabetes. Therefore, pancreatic islet functionality was investigated in control nonpregnant (C) and pregnant (CP), and cafeteria diet-fed nonpregnant (Caf), and pregnant (CafP) obese rats. Isolated islets were used for measurements of insulin secretion (RIA), NAD(P)H production (MTS), glucose oxidation (14CO2 production), intracellular Ca2+ levels (fura-2 AM), and gene expression (real-time PCR). Impaired glucose tolerance was clearly established in Caf and CafP rats at the 14th wk on a diet. Insulin secretion induced by direct depolarizing agents such as KCl and tolbutamide and increasing concentrations of glucose was significantly reduced in Caf, compared with C islets. This reduction was not observed in islets from CP and CafP rats. Accordingly, the glucose oxidation and production of reduced equivalents were increased in CafP islets. The glucose-induced Ca2+ increase was significantly lower in Caf and higher in CafP, compared with all other groups. CP and CafP islets demonstrated an increased Ca2+ oscillation frequency, compared with both C and Caf islets, and the amplitude of oscillations was augmented in CafP, compared with Caf islets. In addition, Cavα1.2 and SERCA2a mRNA levels were reduced in Caf islets. Cavα1.2, but not SERCA2a, mRNA was normalized in CafP islets. In conclusion, cafeteria diet-induced obesity impairs insulin secretion. This alteration is related to the impairment of Ca2+ handling in pancreatic islets, in especial Ca2+ influx, a defect that is reversed during pregnancy allowing normalization of insulin secretion.
- Ca2+
- insulin resistance
- metabolism
- pancreatic β-cells
- metabolic syndrome
pregnancy is associated with peripheral insulin resistance, which is compensated by increased insulin secretion during normal circumstances (3, 19, 30). Pancreatic islets undergo major structural and functional changes during pregnancy to fulfill this increased demand for insulin (1, 30, 34). These alterations in rats peak at around days 14–16 of pregnancy, and the placental lactogens and/or prolactin hormones play an important role in this process (6, 8, 23, 33).
The mechanisms responsible for increasing the capacity of the β-cells to respond to a higher demand of insulin during pregnancy is very relevant in the context of Type 2 diabetes studies, since it may provide clues for potential therapeutics. The inability of maternal β-cells to respond to this increased demand for insulin can lead to the development of glucose intolerance and to gestational diabetes mellitus (10, 11).
Several models of experimental obesity have been used to date. Among them, the use of the fat-rich diet is an interesting approach, since it closely resembles the overfeeding intake of humans, affecting specific tissues involved in the regulation of energy expenditure (9, 36). An improvement for this model is the use of the cafeteria diet, which is even closer to human food intake, since it is more palatable, strongly increases adiposity, and has been proposed to be the rodent model that best fits human obesity (25, 27, 28).
In this study, we investigated glucose homeostasis and pancreatic islet functionality in nonpregnant and pregnant cafeteria diet-induced obese rats. We found that glucose tolerance is impaired in obese cafeteria-fed pregnant and nonpregnant rats. Cafeteria diet-induced obesity impairs insulin secretion induced by glucose, tolbutamide, and KCl in freshly isolated islets. However, this inhibitory effect is overcome in islets from pregnant rats, probably as a result of an increase in metabolic activity, associated with a better intracellular Ca2+ handling, in especial Ca2+ influx.
All applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of animals were followed during this research study. The experimental procedures were approved by the university's Committee for Ethics in Animal Experimentation from the State University of Campinas (protocol number 1198-1).
d-[U-14C]glucose and 125I-human recombinant insulin were purchased from G. E. Health Care (Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). MTS/PMS preparation was from CellTiter96 aqueous assay (Promega, Madison, WI). Standard commercial kits were used for measurement of plasma total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG) (both from Roche Diagnostics; Mannheim, Germany) free fatty acids (FFA; Wako Chemicals, Neuss, Germany), and albumin and total proteins (Laborlab; Guarulhos, SP, Brazil). Fura-2 AM was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Routine reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Animals, dietary regimen and composition of diet.
Virgin female Wistar rats (70 days old, obtained from the State University of Campinas Central Breeding Centre) were randomly assigned to two diet groups: a standard rodent chow and water ad libitum or cafeteria diet for 14 wk. The cafeteria diet group received soft drinks ad libitum, instead of water, alternated daily (Coca-Cola and Guaraná Antarctica) and were fed a pellet made of 37.5% standard rodent chow, 25% peanuts, 25% chocolate, and 12.5% cookies, offered together with palatable food items comprising wafer, snacks, cakes, and biscuits, totaling 4.41 kcal/g (43.1% from carbohydrates; 12.1% from proteins, and 46.9% from fats) as opposed to the 2.63 kcal/g of the standard chow diet Nuvilab CR-1 (Nuvital, Colombo, PR, Brazil). To guarantee the success of this protocol, leftovers were collected and replaced with new items daily. During the feeding period, rats' weight gain was measured weekly. After 12 wk of treatment, the rats were mated by housing males with females overnight during 3 days, and the presence of sperm in vaginal smears was verified each morning. On the occasion of presence of sperm (day 1 of pregnancy), the female rat was housed separately for confirmation of pregnancy and further utilized in experiments on the 15th/16th day of pregnancy, corresponding the 14th wk of treatment. During the experimental period, rats were housed at 22 ± 2°C on a 12:12-h light-dark cycle (lights on 0600–1800).
Animal features.
At the end of the feeding period, and on the 15th/16th day of pregnancy, the rats were killed by decapitation, and perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat pad weights were measured. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucose analyzer (Accu-Check Advantage II, Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Plasma CHOL, TG, FFA, albumin, and total proteins were measured using standard commercial kits, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Insulin was measured by RIA using rat insulin as standard.
Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test.
At 14–15 days after the onset of pregnancy, all groups of rats were submitted to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT). Food was withdrawn 12 h before the experiment, and then the rats were weighed, and a basal blood sample was taken from the tip of the tail (t = 0 min). Subsequently, each rat received a glucose solution load (2 g/kg ip body wt), and additional blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 60, and 120 min after injection. Glucose levels during the test were measured immediately. The area under the curve was calculated from values for each rat.
Islet isolation, insulin secretion, and insulin content.
Islets were isolated from fed rats (pregnant or not; 14 wk of treatment, 15th/16th day of pregnancy) by collagenase digestion of pancreas and then selected with a micropipette under a microscope to exclude any contaminating tissues. Groups of four islets were first incubated for 45 min at 37°C in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) containing glucose 5.6 mmol/l and equilibrated with 95% O2-5% CO2, pH 7.4. The solution was then replaced with fresh KRB, and the islets were incubated for a further 90-min period with medium containing 2.8, 5.6, 8.3, 11.1, 16.7, or 27.7 mmol/l glucose; 2.8 mmol/l glucose plus 40 mmol/l KCl; or 2.8 mmol/l glucose plus 100 μmol/l tolbutamide. The incubation medium contained (mmol/l): 115 NaCl, 5 KCl, 24 NaHCO3, 2.6 CaCl2, 1 MgCl2, and 25 HEPES; pH 7.4, supplemented with BSA (0.3% wt/vol; Sigma). For measurement of the total insulin content, groups of 10 islets were collected and transferred to tubes of 1.5 ml. Alcohol-acid solution (1 ml; final concentration of 20% of ethanol and 0.2 mmol/l of HCl) was added to the samples followed by sonication of the pancreatic islets (3 times, 10-s pulses). The insulin in the media was measured by RIA.
DNA assay.
Pancreatic islets were homogenized through short bursts of sonication in 500 μl of buffer composed of 50 mmol/l Tris·HCl, 10 mM EDTA, 1% SDS (pH 8.1). DNA was extracted in phenol/chloroform, precipitated in ethanol, and resuspended in low Tris-EDTA buffer. RNA was subsequently removed by digestion with 1 μg of RNase A (Sigma) for 30 min at 37°C. Thus, DNA was quantified using a commercial kit (Quant-iT PicoGreen, Invitrogen), according to the instructions in the manual.
Glucose oxidation.
Groups of 25 islets were incubated for 2 h at 37°C in KRB supplemented with 11.1 mmol/l glucose with trace amounts of d-[U-14C]glucose (20 μCi/ml) for 14CO2 formation. Islet glucose metabolism was stopped with HCl (1 N) with consequent cell cleavage. 14CO2 released was absorbed by NaOH (1 mol/l) for 1 h at 4°C, obtaining NaH14CO3. Scintillation fluid was added, and radioactivity was counted in a liquid scintillation counter.
Metabolic activity.
Metabolic activity of islets was assessed by measuring reducing equivalents, namely NAD(P)H, through reduction of a water-soluble tetrazolium salt, MTS (3-[4,5,dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-5-[3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl]-2-[4-sulfophenyl]-2H -tetrazolium, inner salt) to its respective formazan product in a living tissue system (29, 33). For this purpose, groups of 100 freshly isolated islets were incubated for 150 min in Krebs/HEPES sterile buffer containing 11.1 mmol/l glucose, 15% MTS, and 1% phenazine methosulfate (PMS). The absorbance was acquired at 490 nm, every 10 min after the addition of the reagent solution, according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Measurement of intracellular Ca2+.
Freshly isolated islets were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum, 11.1 mmol/l glucose, 100 UI of penicillin/ml, 100 μg of streptomycin/ml at 37°C in a 95% O2-5% CO2 for 4–6 h. Thereafter, islets were transferred to plates containing KRB medium (mmol/l concentrations were 115 NaCl, 5 KCl, 24 NaHCO3, 1 MgCl2, 2.6 CaCl2, 25 HEPES; pH 7.4) with 5 mmol/l glucose and 5 μmol/l fura-2 AM for 1 h. Islets were then transferred to a thermostatically regulated open chamber (37°C), placed on the stage of an inverted microscope (Nikon UK, Kingston, UK), and perifused with KRB at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. A ratio image was acquired approximately every 5 s with an ORCA-100 charge-coupled device camera (Hammamatsu Photonics Ibérica, Barcelona, Spain), in conjunction with a Lambda-10-CS dual-filter wheel (Sutter Instrument Company, Novato, CA), equipped with 340 and 380 nm, 10-nm bandpass filters, and a range of neutral density filters (Omega Opticals, Stanmore, UK). Data were obtained using the ImageMaster5 software (Photon Technology International, Birmingham, NJ). The amplitude and frequency of Ca2+ oscillations were determined after the first peak following the introduction of 11.1 mmol/l glucose in the medium. For the amplitude, the first increase in Ca2+ concentration was calculated subtracting basal values (2.8 mmol/l) from values obtained at the zenith (11.1 mmol/l). The amplitude of oscillations was calculated by subtracting the highest from the lowest value of individual oscillation at 11.1 mmol/l glucose. We considered as oscillation every increment in Ca2+ fluorescence ratio (F340/F380) at least two times greater than any change in F340/F380 at basal glucose concentration. The frequency was calculated by counting the number of oscillations during 11.1 mmol/l glucose, and it was expressed as oscillations per minute. In the experiments with tolbutamide, the area under the curves was calculated during the period that the drug was present in the medium, after subtracting the basal values (2.8 mmol/l glucose).
Real-time PCR.
Total cellular RNA was extracted from groups of 500 islets using TRIzol reagent. Two micrograms of total RNA were reverse transcribed using a reverse transcriptase and random hexamer primers. Real-time PCR reactions were performed in a total volume of 15 μl using the Fast SYBR Green technology (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Samples were denatured at 94°C for 10 min followed by 40 PCR cycles at 95°C/60°C. PCR amplifications were performed in duplicate. The purity of the amplified PCR products was verified by melting curves. The expression of the target genes was normalized against the expression levels of the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Sequence of the primers used were (5′-3′): sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) forward: TGGTACTGGCTGATGATAACTTCTCC, reverse: TGTTGTTGTAGATGGCACGGC; L-type-α1.2 subunit voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (CaVα1.2) forward: GACACAGAGAGGAAGTTCAAGGG, reverse: GCGTGGGCTCCCATAGTTG; L-type-β2 subunit voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel (CaVβ2) forward: TGCACTGGAGTATCCAAGCG, reverse: CCACTTCGTCTCAGCCACTC.
Statistical analysis.
Data were expressed as means ± SE for the number of rats and samples (n) indicated. Statistical analysis was performed by the Student's t-test or two-way ANOVA, followed by the Newman-Keuls posttest. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Animal features.
Cafeteria-diet-fed rats showed a greater weight gain than control chow diet-fed rats from the 3rd until the 12th wk of the feeding period, when females were mated with males (Fig. 1). At the end of the diet period (14th wk), body weight, retroperitoneal, and perigonadal fat pad weights were heavier in Caf and CafP rats, compared with the C and CP groups (Table 1). CafP and CP rats presented higher body weight than Caf and C rats, respectively, because of the contribution of the weight of the fetuses. After 12 h of fasting, plasma insulin, TG, FFA, albumin, and total plasma protein levels were similar for the groups (Table 2). Fasting blood glucose and plasma (CHOL) levels were lower in CP and CafP than the C and Caf groups. In the fed state, plasma insulin and FFA levels were higher in Caf and CafP than C and CP rats. Fed blood glucose levels were diminished in both CP and CafP rats, compared with nonpregnant groups. In CP rats, fed TG plasma levels were higher than those of the C group. CHOL, albumin, and total plasma proteins values were similar in the groups during the fed state. Insulin/glucose index was higher in Caf and CafP than C and CP groups in both fasting (12 h) and fed conditions.
Glucose tolerance.
As installation of insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity is time dependent and tissue specific (25), our first studies were performed in rats fed on a cafeteria diet for 8 wk. After this period, we observed an increase in weight gain, but only a marginal impairment in glucose tolerance in the cafeteria-diet-fed rats (data not shown) and, for this reason, we decided to extend the diet period for 6 additional weeks. After 14 wk, cafeteria diet-induced obesity provoked impaired glucose tolerance in pregnant and nonpregnant rats (Fig. 2A). This effect was dependent only on obesity, rather than on the pregnancy state or on the interaction between both conditions. At 30 min after glucose challenge, blood glucose concentrations were higher in Caf than C rats (P < 0.05) and in CafP than C and CP rats (P < 0.05). After 1 h, glycemia was still higher in Caf and CafP rats than C and CP rats (Fig. 2A). The area under the curve in response to glucose load was higher in Caf and CafP than in control groups [32,370 ± 1,680 Caf (n = 19), 31,280 ± 3,015 CafP (n = 6) vs. 22,800 ± 1,095 C (n = 18), 20,500 ± 885 CP (n = 6), respectively; mg·dl−1·min−1] (P < 0.01). This effect, at least in the CafP rats, was probably due to an increase in insulin resistance, since plasma insulin during the GTT (Fig. 2B) in CafP rats at 15 min (interaction among obesity and pregnancy) and 1 h (effect of obesity) was higher than that of the other groups.
Islet insulin content and insulin secretion induced by glucose, KCl, and tolbutamide.
Pregnancy enhanced total insulin content in islets from CafP rats compared with the other groups (43.7 ± 3.7 vs. C 15.6 ± 1.2; CP 19.1 ± 1.5; Caf 12.6 ± 1.1, ng/ng DNA P < 0.001; n = 14–19). This effect was dependent on both obesity and the pregnancy states and also on the interaction between both conditions. Total insulin content was similar in C, CP, and Caf islets. The insulin released by islets during static incubation in response to increasing glucose concentrations (2.8–27.7 mmol/l), normalized by the islet DNA content, is shown in Fig. 3. In all groups, insulin secretion was represented by a sigmoidal curve. At 2.8 mmol/l glucose, insulin released was higher in Caf and CafP compared with C and CP islets (P < 0.05). At 5.6 mmol/l glucose, secretion was higher in islets from pregnant (CP and CafP) than nonpregnant rats (C and Caf) (P < 0.05). The insulin secretion, in the presence of 8.3 mmol/l glucose, was lower in Caf compared with CP and CafP groups (P < 0.01). At 11.1 mmol/l glucose, the insulin secretion was significantly lower in Caf compared with C, CP, and CafP islets (P < 0.05). Finally, at 16.7 mmol/l glucose, but not at 27.7 mmol/l, insulin secretion was higher in CafP than Caf islets (P < 0.05). Pregnancy shifted the dose-response curve to the left in both chow (CP) and cafeteria diet (CafP), compared with nonpregnant rats (C and Caf groups). When the insulin secretion was expressed as a percentage of the maximal release inside each group (Fig. 3, inset), the half-maximal release (EC50) was higher in Caf compared with other groups (12.3 ± 0.6, 10.6 ± 0.2, 9.3 ± 0.1, and 9.6 ± 0.5 mmol/l, respectively for Caf, C, CP, and CafP; P < 0.05). It is of note that normalization of insulin secretion by total insulin content shifted the glucose dose-response curve to the right in the CafP group (not shown). However, it seems that this kind of normalization does not reflect the capacity of individual islets to secrete insulin, as judged by the results normalized to total DNA content. Insulin secretion stimulated by 40 mmol/l KCl or 100 μmol/l tolbutamide, in the presence of 2.8 mmol/l glucose, was strongly reduced in Caf islets compared with all of the other groups, and higher in CafP than CP islets (P < 0.05; n = 8–10) (Fig. 4). These results indicate that Caf islets also secreted less insulin than the other groups when the islet cells were depolarized by agents that bypass nutrient metabolism and that pregnancy restores insulin secretion in those experimental conditions.
Glucose oxidation and metabolic activity.
Because insulin secretion from β-cells is closely linked to metabolism of glucose, we analyzed some metabolic indicators in islets from obese and pregnant rats. At 11.1 mmol/l glucose, the d-[U-14C]glucose conversion to 14CO2 (glucose oxidation) was higher in islets from CafP rats, compared with the other groups (CafP 2.9 ± 0.1 vs. C 2.1 ± 0.2; CP 2.0 ± 0.1, and Caf 1.9 ± 0.1 pmol/ng DNA·2 h; P < 0.001; n = 12). This effect was dependent on both obesity and the pregnancy state and also on the interaction between both conditions. We also measured the generation of reducing equivalents [i.e., NAD(P)H] in the presence of 11.1 mmol/l glucose, as an indicator of the metabolic activity of the islets (33). CafP showed a higher metabolic activity compared with C and CP islets already at 10 min, and this activity was higher compared with all other groups from 30 up to 150 min (effect of both obesity and pregnancy with interaction) (Fig. 5). It is of note that CP also showed higher glucose oxidation and metabolic activity compared with C group in absolute values, a difference not seen after normalization to total DNA content (not shown).
Glucose- and tolbutamide-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ alterations.
After exposure of pancreatic islets to 11.1 mmol/l glucose, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations were increased in all groups (Fig. 6, A–D). The amplitude of the Ca2+ alterations, measured after 3–6 min glucose exposure, was significantly lower in islets from Caf, compared with the other three groups (Fig. 6E) (P < 0.05; with interaction among obesity and pregnancy). The frequency of oscillations was similar between islets from C and Caf and increased significantly in islets from both CP and CafP groups (Fig. 6F) (P < 0.05). Finally, the amplitude of the oscillations was higher in CafP, compared with Caf islets (P < 0.05). The cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations were also increased by tolbutamide (100 μmol/l) in all groups, and the area under the curve was lower in Caf compared with C islets (0.72 ± 0.14 vs. 1.20 ± 0.10 F340/F380·min; P < 0.05; n = 6), an effect of obesity without interaction.
Cavα1.2, Cavβ2, and SERCA2a gene expression.
A reduction of both Cavα1.2 (64% vs. C; P < 0.01) and SERCA2a (27% vs. C; P < 0.05) gene expression was observed in Caf compared with C islets (Fig. 7, A and C). Pregnancy enhanced both Cavα1.2 (56% vs. C; P < 0.05) and SERCA2a (27% vs. C; P < 0.05) islet gene expression in control rats (Fig. 7, A and C). Cavα1.2 gene expression was augmented in CafP compared with Caf islets (77% vs. Caf; P < 0.001), while no differences were found in SERCA2a between these groups. These results showed separated effects of obesity and pregnancy (without interaction) in SERCA2a gene expression, while in Cavα1.2 gene expression, there was an effect of both nutritional and physiological conditions with interaction. Cavβ2 gene expression was similar among the groups (Fig. 7B).
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions worldwide, mainly due to changes in lifestyle and easy access to both imbalanced food and overfeeding (7). Many diseases are associated with or have increased risks for health in obese patients, including Type 2 diabetes (4, 13). Under normal situations, the organism is able to compensate the demand for insulin, increasing the hormone secretion from pancreatic β-cells (24). Defects or inability of the β-cells to respond to glucose certainly have a role in the onset of Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the mechanisms that make β-cells capable of overcoming insulin resistance during pregnancy are of great importance within the scope of biomedical sciences, having potential implications for humans. To address this question, we used an experimental model in which obesity was achieved by feeding female rats on a high-fat/high-calorie cafeteria diet (25, 35). Because the metabolic disorders induced by the cafeteria diet closely resemble those observed in humans, this is an attractive model to study obesity and also its consequence upon pregnancy. Our results show that cafeteria-induced obesity impairs insulin secretion stimulated by glucose and also by direct depolarizing agents, which is ameliorated in obese rats during pregnancy, and point to an important role of increased metabolic activity and especially of Ca2+ influx and mobilization in this process.
The impaired glucose tolerance observed in obese rats, both pregnant and nonpregnant, is in accordance with several observations showing that obesity induces insulin resistance (4, 16, 22, 25). Interestingly, fasted and fed plasma glucose is normal in the insulin-resistant rats, especially in pregnant groups, indicating that the higher plasma insulin levels are enough to maintain normoglycemia. The resistance to endogenous insulin in rats develops between days 16 and 19 of pregnancy (18), justifying the normal insulin levels observed in the pregnant chow-diet rats during ipGTT at the 14–15th day of pregnancy.
Reductions in insulin secretion stimulated by glucose in islets from rats fed on high-carbohydrate, high-protein or high-lipid diets have been previously observed (31). Thus, it is expected that obese cafeteria rats also present lower insulin release capacity. Nevertheless, the recovery of this capacity during pregnancy is of crucial interest and the information regarding intracellular events leading to this enhanced insulin secretion is not yet known. Therefore, our results showing increased metabolic activity, improved Ca2+ handling, and recovery of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells of obese rats during pregnancy are, to our knowledge, the first data to contribute to the clarification of the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. On the other hand, it is at variance with decreased insulin secretion observed in high-saturated-fat-fed pregnant obese rats (15). We understand that different findings may be the outcome of different scientific strategies (type and time of diet, and time of pregnancy), but it is clear that a cafeteria diet is much closer to human overfeeding than other experimental models.
It is well established that the redox signaling is important for normal cellular functions, and it is of the greatest importance in the case of β-cells, where the oxidative metabolism is the main signal for insulin secretion. The majority of the NADPH inside the cells comes from the pentose phosphate pathway owning to the oxidative phase of reactions. At the molecular levels, NADPH can be generated by mitochondrial transhydrogenase or in the cytosol from glucose-6-phosphate by several enzymes (37). It has been known since long ago that intracellular NADPH increases following a load of glucose on pancreatic islets, and it is assumed that the increase in the ratio of [NADPH/NADP+] is important for insulin secretion (14, 20). Conversely, the [NADH/NAD+] ratio seems to be of no importance for proper insulin secretion (14). Recently, it has been proposed that NADPH is important for Ca2+ homeostasis (37). Indeed, NADPH is essential for Ca2+-induced insulin exocytosis, an effect that seems to be mediated by the NADPH-dependent protein glutaredoxin-1 (26). Therefore, the increase in NADPH showed in this study may partly explain the recovery of the insulin secretion capacity of pregnant obese rats. We speculate that a possible increase in the nonoxidative phase of pentose phosphate pathway may also provide additional substrate (fructose-6-phosphate) to glycolysis. This hypothesis is in line with the increase in glucose oxidation in pregnant obese rats, albeit it cannot be excluded by our data that these pathways are independently regulated.
Several of the steps involved in the insulin secretion process are modulated during pregnancy (1, 5, 8, 30). Ca2+ has a multitude of effects on the cells and plays an essential role on exocytosis (12). A correlation between the oscillatory insulin secretion pattern and oscillations of free Ca2+ within β-cells is well established (32). Cafeteria diet-induced obesity provoked a defect in Ca2+ handling by the islets. This effect seems to be dependent on a reduction of Ca2+ influx, as well as internal Ca2+ mobilization. Our experiments showing that direct depolarization of the cell membrane by KCl and tolbutamide (circumventing glucose metabolism) is impaired in Caf islets associated to a reduction in the L-type Ca2+ channel Cavα1.2 subunit expression, support this hypothesis. In accordance, reduced insulin secretion is also associated with defective glucose-dependent cytosolic Ca2+ handling in animal models of glucose intolerance (21), a defect linked to alterations in the activity and expression of the SERCA, which is involved in the regulation of Ca2+ handling by β-cells (17, 21). Actually, pregnancy increases SERCA2 protein expression in pancreatic islets, as shown in this study, and the inhibition of this protein decreases the first phase of insulin secretion, suggesting that intracellular Ca2+ stores in pancreatic islets from pregnant rats play a role in the enhancement of insulin release capacity (2). It seems that normalization of the Cavα1.2 gene expression in CafP islets is sufficient to restore cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and insulin secretion in these islets, independent of modifications on the SERCA2a expression.
Perspectives and Significance
The present observations indicate that cafeteria diet induces obesity and insulin resistance, as well as diminishes insulin secretion stimulated by glucose and other depolarizing agents. The inhibitory effect of obesity on insulin secretion seems to be due to a defect in Ca2+ mobilization by these islets, independently of alterations in islets metabolism. Pregnancy recovers the secretory capacity in islets from obese rats, which is linked to the restoration of the β-cell ability to manage Ca2+, especially by increasing the capacity of Ca2+ uptake. This phenomenon seems to be, at least in part, dependent on the augmentation of the expression of the L-Type Ca2+ channels sub-unit α1.2. In addition, during pregnancy pancreatic islet metabolic activity is enhanced in obese rats, which may increase the glucose responsiveness of pancreatic β-cells. Further studies aiming at clarifying the deleterious effects of obesity on Ca2+ movements and insulin secretion, as well as the discovery of agents that help the islet cells to recover such an ability during the pregnant state, may help in developing strategies to maintain normoglycemia in Type 2 diabetic obese patients.
No conflicts of interest are declared by the authors.
This work was supported by the Brazilian foundations Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa, and Instituto Nacional de Obesidade e Diabetes. We thank Mr. L. Domingos for technical assistance and Dr. N. Conran for English editing. M. L. Bonfleur is a Ph.D. student on leave from the State University West of Paraná, Brazil.
- Copyright © 2010 the American Physiological Society


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Jeremy Robert Johnson & Alan M. Clark
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All persons in this book are fictitious, and any resemblance that may seem to exist to actual persons living or dead is purely coincidental. This is a work of fiction.
"Siren Promised" copyright 2004-2011 Jeremy Robert Johnson & Alan M. Clark. All illustrations in this book copyright 2004-2011 Alan M. Clark. Introduction "Siren Promised—From Hell" 2004 Simon Clark.


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|Tangible Fixed Assets
|£ 16,343,818
|Current Assets
|£ 746,494
|Tangible Fixed Assets Depreciation
|£ 65,850
|£ 1,375
|Shareholder Funds
|£ 163,563,417
|Profit Loss Account Reserve
|£ 562,317
|Called Up Share Capital
|£ 1,100
|Total Assets Less Current Liabilities
|£ 591,894
|Net Current Assets Liabilities
|£ 548,076
|Creditors Due Within One Year
|£ 198,418
|Cash Bank In Hand
|£ 175,616
|Stocks Inventory
|£ 250,042
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|100 A deferred non voting shares of 1631 each
|Tangible Fixed Assets Disposals
|£ 36,269
|Tangible Fixed Assets Additions
|£ 38,516
|Tangible Fixed Assets Cost Or Valuation
|£ 109,668
|Tangible Fixed Assets Depreciation Charged In Period
|£ 10,954
|Tangible Fixed Assets Depreciation Decrease Increase On Disposals
|£ 24,384
|Creditors Due After One Year
|£ 28,477
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Question: We have futures contracts on Treasury bonds but we do
We have futures contracts on Treasury bonds, but we do not have futures contracts on individual corporate bonds. We have cattle and hog futures but no chicken futures. Explain why the market has developed in this manner. What do you think are the most important characteristics for the success of a new futures contract concept?
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Answer to relevant Questions"Hedgers trade price risk for basis risk." What is meant by this statement? In particular, explain the concept of the basis in a hedge transaction and how forward and futures contracts can be selected to minimize risk.Since their introduction, stock index futures contracts have become very popular and are now widely traded by finance professionals. Many factors, including (1) the current price of the underlying stock index, (2) the time ...A bond speculator currently has positions in two separate corporate bond portfolios: a long holding in Portfolio 1 and a short holding in Portfolio 2. All the bonds have the same credit quality. Other relevant information on ...Straddles have been described as "volatility plays." Explain what this means for both long and short straddle positions. Given the fact that volatility is a primary factor in how options are priced, under what conditions ...You work on a proprietary trading desk of a large investment bank, and you have been asked for a quote on the sale of a call option with a strike price of $50 and one year of expiration. The call option would be written on a ...
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Cloud / Navy Tailored Fit Capri Collar Polo
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Turning the style levels up a notch, the Roland is a dapper polo that's perfect for nights out.
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Get Fit Challenge II 2015 Club Finalist
"The Get Fit Challenge II has made me a much more disciplined person and has shown my children the importance of setting personal goals and sacrificing to achieve those goals."
I entered the Get Fit Challenge II Contest because I was at a point in my life where I was working out regularly, but I wasn't eating healthy and my weight was suffering because of that. I was getting very frustrated with myself and my self-esteem was lower than it should have been. As a mother of two children, I knew I needed to make some changes, and the contest was the perfect answer.
My goals for the program were actually quite simple: lose 20 pounds, lower my body fat percentage, eat healthier on a consistent basis, and be a good role model for my two children. With the help of my XSport trainer Owen and some great supplements, I was able to achieve every single goal I set for myself.
The impact Owen, my trainer, had on helping me accomplish my goals was immense. He encouraged me to use a heart rate monitor during my workouts and track how many calories I burned during each workout. He had me use the "My Fitness Pal" app to keep track of the calories I burned for each workout and what food I ate each day. He set very clear guidelines for me so I knew exactly how many calories I needed to burn each day along with how many calories I ate. Owen also created customized workouts that were tailored to me and my fitness level. Because I have two children and I work full time, I have to work out between 4:00-5:00am every weekday. Having a customized workout plan every time I went to the gym helped me burn an optimum amount of calories and increase my fitness level, which led to actually losing more weight than I'd initially planned on. Another great idea Owen had was giving out weekly challenges to his team of contest participants.
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at play
Definition of at play
1 : in the act of playing the sounds of children at play
2 : being something that helps produce or influence a result Several issues are at play in determining the price of gasoline.
Word by Word Definitions
: swordplay
: game, sport
: the conduct, course, or action of a game
: to engage in sport or recreation : frolic
: to have sexual relations
: to move aimlessly about : trifle
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A man from Bloemfontein has been sentenced to 20 years in jail for raping a 3-year-old girl with a live snake.
Regional Magistrate Jan Greyvenstein said that the man, called Jozana, had presided over almost 2000 sexual crimes cases but this was a first.
"What goes on in a person's head to do something like this is something I can't understand. This kind of offence is something no sensible person could justify," the report quoted the magistrate as saying.
Court transcripts indicated that Jozana had gone to the house of the the three-year-old victim on October 31st.
He had tried to sell the snake to the residents of the house but had been turned down.
He then waited until the residents were out of sight, took the child to a secluded place and raped her with the snake.


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20% off sitewide. Cram for the new school year. Use GOBACK20
Taken 30th April 2010
Back Beach, New Plymouth. Taranaki, NZ
1/160sec f8, ISO200, Sony a850 28mm
sunset beach landscape rock surfer islands mono taranaki paritutu dean mullin back beach new plymouth sugar loaf
This is gorgeous! Love the B&W, the stillness and the anticipation of the whole image.
Thanks Selina, it took a while for me to be happy with the way I was presenting this image.
Beautiful shot Dean!
wow this is a fabulous black ad white
Nice … this place is a constant source of beauties!
Nice high structure mono Dean, great perspective leading you in …stunning place !!
Beautiful black & white photography. A wonderful scene.
Crisp and moody, great shot.
Thanks Peter!
Fantastic work Dean…great b/w treatment
Marvellous scene Dean.
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2016 BAFTAs: 'The Revenant' and Leonardo DiCaprio Win Big, Brie Larson Wins Another Best Actress Trophy
Is an Oscar in Leo's future? … More »
Is an Oscar in Leo's future? … More »
The fans were not in favor of Anne Hathaway on the night of the BAFTAs.
Hathaway made for a fashionable yet late arrival during the award show on Sunday night, prompting a less-than-friendly reception from the crowd in London.
"I was so late that I had to run straight down to the… More »
We see London, we see France, we see Daisy Lowe's underpants!
The lovely British model clearly wasn't in a shy mood when she attended the 2011 BAFTA Television Awards on Sunday night in a completely see-through black and blue dress by Craig Lawrence. The stunning daughter of Bush rocker Gavin Rossdale remained relatively… More »
Although Emma Stone and Glee's Naya Rivera attended two separate events on Sunday night, the stars both rocked the hottest hair trend for spring: faux bobs!
Emma wore a curly version of the faux bob to the BAFTA Awards in London while Naya sported a sleek version of the bob at the Grammy… More »
Andrew Garfield went from Spider-man to dapper when he hit the red carpet for the 2011 BAFTA Awards on Sunday, February 13.
Andrew rocked a classic black suit with a thin black tie. The 27-year-old star was nominated for two awards on Sunday night: Best Rising Star for Never Let Me Go and… More »
Emma Watson is one of Britain's youngest stars, but she's got the fashion chops of a Hollywood veteran as she proved at the BAFTA Awards on Sunday night.
That's right, the Grammys weren't the only big event going on, as across the pond the British Academy Film and Television Arts Awards were held… More »


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Mon 7th Oct 2013 7:00ammalpaisurfcam's Playa Santa Teresa Surf Report
Stills taken from the morning session video, watch it @ www.malpaisurfcam.com This morning at 7 waves were waist to chest high with few head high sets. Off shore wind and sunny clear skies. Seems like summer, nice open peaks as the tide was dropping. www.malpaisurfcam.com daily surf report from Mal Pais neighborhood in Costa Rica, Central America.
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In completely agree with Noah Heninger (see below) that this show has great potential to be an awesome comedy.
What Noah has shared in his review is completely spot on! The show must seem somewhat racist, but in fact, it is not. It shows, in a super comical way, the attitude of westerners downplaying the rights & respect of Asians, and in this case, Indians.
Being an Indian (not from India, but from Malaysia), I have had my fair share of observing & meeting American expatriates behave. And our general Asian perception of these westerners are that they seem to have the "know it all" attitude, and lots of times, they aren't.
Yes, not all are like this, but believe me, most of them are!
From an Asian perspective, I personally don't find the jokes on culture (like the names for example) offensive at all since, like Noah mentioned, this comedy is really about making fun of the Americans' misplaced knowledge & lack of understanding. In fact, this show is really showing how we Asians do really feel about the Western expats in general.
Put it this way, it's about two cultures colliding and people on both sides trying their best to understand each other and fit in - in a very comical way!
Sum of it all - it's brilliantly hilarious!


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Business, Careers, Management & MarketingFollow
Project Management for Beginners and Experts. Are you looking to improve your Project Management Skills? Then listen to The Project Management Podcast™, a weekly program that delivers best practices and new developments in the field of project management. The more companies understand the importance of sound Project Management, the more will your skills be in demand. Project Management is the means used by companies today to turn their vision and mission into reality. It is also the driver behind transforming a business need into a business process. The Project Management Podcast™ looks at how project management shapes the business world of today and tomorrow. Find us on the web at http://www.pm-podcast.com or send your emails to [email protected] The Project Management Podcast™ is a trademark of OSP International LLC. All other trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. Copyright © 2005 - 2017 OSP International LLC. All rights reserved.
September 20th, 2014
Episode 17 of 259 episodes
Play Now: This episode is sponsored by The Agile PrepCast for The PMI-ACP Exam: Are you a project manager or do you consider yourself to be a project leader? And what are the steps in order to go from manager to more of a leader? My guest today is Shawn Dickerson (www.linkedin.com/pub/shawn-dickerson/1/97/607). He is the GTM Director for AtTask, Inc. (www.attask.com) and AtTask recently published an eBook titled "Project Leadership - Lessons from 40 PPM Experts on Making the Transition from Project Management to Project Leadership". And so we're going to review what it means to be a project leader. From the eBook introduction we learn the following: Strong project leadership can make the difference between success and failure. When it comes to project management, we tend to talk about the tactical the assignments, the tasks, the approvals, and so on. But business is evolving, and many of us are now being asked to lead change, instead of just managing timelines and milestones. This change is not only happening, it's accelerating. Please click here to download the eBook... Below are the first few pages of the transcript. The complete transcript is available to Premium subscribers only. Podcast Introduction Coming very soon to a podcast near you... :-) Above are the first few pages of the transcript. The complete transcript is available to Premium subscribers only. Please subscribe to our Premium Podcast to receive a PDF transcript.
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"Very good."
About: Hinchingbrooke Hospital Hinchingbrooke Hospital Huntingdon PE29 6NT
Posted by Robin Pain
I was treated extremely well by the surgeons who visited me everyday and also by the staff who kept me free of pain and comfortable. Abdominal surgery is a serious thing but I was never afraid and am now recovering well thanks to the physical and psychological support of this hospital. I cannot say the same about the food - but they did try their best with a limited budget. The nurses are particularly friendly and helpful as are the rest of the staff - thank you all at Juniper ward.
Response from Hinchingbrooke Hospital 2 years ago
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Tina Marie Hilton is owner and virtual online technology assistant at Clerical Advantage and it's Girly Girl Geek Designs website services and has been successfully providing services to clients across the U.S. since 2007. She has also coached and instructed virtual professionals in comprehensive ways to build success in their businesses since 2011.
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Mice lacking the RNA had deregulated microRNAs in the brain, disrupted synaptic communication, and behavioral abnormalities associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Opinion: Cell Phone Health Risk?
September 25, 2012|
Security concerns during the Cold War may have led to the generation of misinformation on the physiological effects of microwave radiation from mobile phones.


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- Algarve
- Flights to Algarve
- Algarve Holidays
- Algarve Hotels
Algarve: Introduction
If you're looking for a holiday for the whole family, the Algarve is a fantastic choice. Portugal is all about sun, sea and fun-filled beach days; so the Algarve is a great place for summer holidays, with a laid-back culture and beautiful beaches. It's an easy journey from the UK, sitting just 25km from Faro Airport, with lots of sights to see, food to eat and a vibrant culture to explore. The cultural town of Lagos is also a short drive away, 7.5km east of the Algarve, with many sights to take in.
The Algarve is a great choice if you're in desperate need of some sunshine – the southwest coast of Portugal boasts over 300 days of sunny weather. Even in the depths of winter, you can escape to the Algarve for some winter sun and a beach cocktail. There's everything from lively nightlife in Albufeira to dance shows in Vilamoura, and the most beautiful beaches with rugged coastline to explore. You can also take a day trip to Seville, the home of flamenco dance, and take in the views of the Gothic cathedral, open-air restaurant and delicious Spanish tapas.
Why Choose the Algarve?
The rich mix of lovely resorts, sunshine and culture makes the Algarve a consistently popular choice for British holiday makers. The resorts are varied too; Alvor sits near a quiet town, with a few fun bars, whereas Portimao is livelier, with lots of fun resorts that will keep you entertained until the early hours of the morning. The sun-drenched days at the beach here are second to none, and the area has earned a strong reputation as the place to come for golf holidays. There's beautiful rural countryside, as well as interesting historic attractions and outdoor activities. Only three hours from the UK, it's an easy break that's great for all the family.
Attractions and Activities in the Algarve
Of course, sitting on beach and taking stock of the world is one of the best things you can do in the Algarve. You can spend days lazing on the beach, or trying your hand at the many watersports on offer – the waters are generally calm, and good for all levels of swimmer. There are many lovely beaches, including Praia de Monte Gordo at the eastern end of the coast, Praia de Faro, which is close to the capital, Praia da Falesia, one of the longest beaches in the area and Praia do Amado on the west coast. The Algarve offers great watersports, including scuba diving for all levels. The scuba diving will reveal amazing rock formations, hidden grottos and shipwrecks and is well worth trying. Most resorts offer sailing experience; hire a small sail boat for the day, and explore the resorts by boat, taking it the beautiful Algarve coastline. If you're an adrenaline junkie, try Skydive Algarve, who organise great skydiving experiences in the area. Quad Ventura is also great if you'd like to explore the Algarve on quad bikes!
Aside from its many beautiful beaches, the Algarve is also a golfer's paradise, with many wonderful golf courses. In fact, there's over 25 courses in the 100-mile coastline, all within easy reach of each other. Vilamoura has several great courses including Vilamoura Old Course, Pinhal and Vila Sol. Golfers might also enjoy the courses at Salgados, Palmeres, Gramacho and Laguna! If you'd like to explore the area on foot, Monte Gordo is a popular area for leisurely strolls, with plenty of flat terrain for exploring.
For culture lovers, take a trip to the famous Fiesa – a huge exhibition of sand sculptures – and for animal lovers, try visiting Zoomarine, a popular attraction in the area. At Zoomarine, you'll be able to see seals, dolphins and sea lions – a great choice for all the family. The area also boasts a number of theme parks, waterparks and aqua shows to keep you entertained during your stay. Of course, if that's all a bit much, hit the shops for some retail therapy. There's two large shopping centres in the Algarve - 'Forum Algarve' in Faro and 'Algarve Shopping' in Guia - as well as great weekend markets in Loulé.
Events in the Algarve
There are many events throughout the year in the Algarve to keep you amused. Every August, the city of Silves hosts a magnificent medieval fair in its historic centre – expect streets filled with colour, markets and music. Every June, Loulé hosts an eclectic MED Festival with world music and local acts. There's also a jazz festival at Casa da Cultura in Loulé every July, with classic jazz, blues and much more. For art lovers, don't miss the International Sand Sculpture Festival every year, with specialist sand sculptures. There's also a beautiful carnival in Loulé every February, as well as a 'White Night' party at the end of the summer, with street musicians and dancing on the street.
Getting Around
The best way to get around the Algarve is by renting a car, which is inexpensive and gives you complete freedom of the area. If you'd rather take public transport, pick up a timetable from a bus station – the buses are regular and budget-friendly. Several companies offer bicycle hire, moped hire, scooter hire and motorcycle hire if you're feeling more adventurous.
Algarve holiday resorts
|Albufeira Holidays
|47 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Vilamoura Holidays
|19 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Carvoeiro Holidays
|10 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Gale Holidays
|7 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Alvor Holidays
|6 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Praia Da Rocha Holidays
|6 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Lagos Holidays
|4 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Monte Gordo Holidays
|4 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Armacao de Pera Holidays
|3 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Quarteira Holidays
|3 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Tavira Holidays
|3 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Praia do Vau Holidays
|2 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Almancil Holidays
|2 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Olhos D'Agua Holidays
|2 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Praia da Falesia Holidays
|2 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Praia da Luz Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Porches Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Olhao Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Lagoa Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Alcantarilha Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Arao Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Benfarras Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Boliqueme Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Ferragudo Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Altura Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Vale de Parra Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Quinta do Lago Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments
|Sao Rafael Holidays
|1 Hotels, Villas + Apartments


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The NSW country town of Wagga Wagga has caught the Futsal bug as the fastest growing sport in Australia has continued its promotion encouraging participants to get involved.
With just over 30 teams ranging from the Under 8's right through to Open Mens and Mixed, Wagga Futsal has thrown in an exciting initiative in boosting more player numbers for the current season.
Wagga Futsal's Chris Ayton, the founder of the competition, has decided to give all money generated from the sport back to local outdoor football clubs.
"We are giving all moneys generated back to local outdoor football clubs," Ayton said.
"The money back to the clubs will be via a prorate concept on participation.
"We are hoping that this will drive the numbers growth in Futsal and therefore help numbers in outdoor football as well."
Ayton is working closely with Football NSW Regional Coach and Development Manager for Riverina Blaise Fagan in getting the sport of Futsal noticed in country areas.
Along with Fagan, Ayton is being assisted by Sam Grey and Kyle Harrison whom both have thrown their hats in the arena in getting the sport of Futsal off the ground in Wagga.
Another initiative Ayton hopes to achieve is tapping into the schools system and plans have already been put in place in getting this off the ground.
"We are busy working on getting futsal introduced as an endorsed schools sport and have made contact with the combined high schools to get this started.
"Once endorsed we would like to start an inter schools competition solely in the focus of sending teams to the NSR Football NSW's Schools State Titles.
"We feel as though schools will play a pivotal role for us in increasing participation in our outdoor competitions."
It was a solid opening for Wagga Futsal as Ayton was impressed with their inaugural year in 2012 but has stated that there is certainly more room for improvement.
"As a while I'm very happy with the results we have achieved in our first year.
"We have had great feedback from parents, coaches and players and from the looks of things we are certainly growing year to year.
"Our aim is to see a good portion of our juniors playing futsal over summer and winter, personally I think it's a vital tool in their development as footballers and I am very excited to see the results of what we are doing prosper in a few years' time."


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Need something on wheels? Then look at the BarrroBox range of mobile site storage and of course we have tool cabinets that are designed to be stationary in your workshop.
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Shoal Creek Canoe Run was established in 1997, and provides visitors with 5 different runs. Each
run provides a variety of thrills along with beautiful scenery. Shoal Creek Canoe Run provides canoe and kayaks for individuals or groups. While floating along the creek, bring your cooler and pull over on a sandbar for a picnic. Take a dip in the fresh waters of Shoal Creek. Grab a pole and catch some fish such as smallmouth and largemouth bass, black perch and catfish. If you forget your necessities, don't worry. Shoal Creek Canoe Run offers a variety of snacks and drinks, ice, sunglasses, suntan lotion, etc. For the fisherman, they carry bait and tackle.
There are a few minor rapids on the upper run, but overall, the creek is classified as Class 1 and safe for all ages. The whole family will enjoy this experience!


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About the Book
We are in a bad state. I avoid the news to hear the details. These poems are a motley group, but the recurring theme matches the title. Hope. I see it in us and hope to nurture it in myself and my son. Hope. Just when things seem darkest some something, however small, restores faith, instills joy. I am not going to get rich as a poet. I probably won't become famous as a poet. But if someone stumbles upon this book and gets higher, that is more than I could wish for. Hope.
(Kimberlynne Darby Newton)
About the Creator
Brian Wrixon Books (Canada) publishes anthologies of world poets as well as the poetic and prose works of individual authors who are members of the international writers' group, Poets with Voices Strong. Brian Wrixon Books (Canada) is a publisher registered with Library & Archives Canada.
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We report successful transmission of dual-LP11 mode (LP11a and LP11b), dual-polarization coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) signals over two-mode fibers (TMF) using all-fiber mode converters. Mode converters based on mechanically induced long-period grating with better than 20 dB extinction ratios are realized and used for interfacing single-mode fiber transmitters and receivers to the TMF. We demonstrate that by using 4x4 MIMO-OFDM processing, the random coupling of the two LP11 spatial modes can be successfully tracked and equalized with a one-tap frequency-domain equalizer. We achieve successful transmission of a 35.3-Gb/s CO-OFDM signal over 26-km two-mode fiber with less than 3 dB penalty.
© 2011 OSAFull Article | PDF Article
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Opt. Express 19(17) 16593-16600 (2011)


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0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
I could go on here but I stopped at the first five. I suggest you take a look, Wiybit. I don't see any evidence of secret societies here, but I suppose you would argue I wouldn't. In fact the blokes come from varied backgrounds and mostly justified their positions through good academic qualification and a successful career. They are all now quite wealthy but then so are quite a few other people.
"CME corn futures trade at a rate that is 10Xs global consumption of 861 million tones."
Finally we come to the critical question of what's causing this? I maintain that the increased trading and the resulting volatility in key global commodities is the Federal Reserve. Zero interest rates (and QE) have eliminated the cost of owning commodities to near zero. Not only is their no financial penalty (interest expense) to finance a physical position there is a financial incentive to participate in the commodity market
Wiybit,I think it's important for you to realize that just because you are paranoid, it does not mean they aren't out to get you.
BTW, if you are so sure about all this stuff, how come you have not been able to apply your vast knowledge to manipulate the system and make a boatload of money yourself?
Because I'm not interested,
Quote from: Wiybit on 14/05/2011 21:40:58Because I'm not interested, I don't think so. I think you are very interested, otherwise you would not spend so much time on this.
No one is allowed to watch this vid till monday morning...sorry, you cannot view external links. To see them, please
REGISTER or LOGIN
Wiybit, did you see the BBC programme by Robert Peston "Britain's Banks: Too Big to Save?" This was a very good interpretation of the problems with the banks and how it occurred. It was shown a couple of months ago and it is not available on Iplayer anymore, but if you can find it elsewhere it is definitely worth watching.
Generally, I think I can see your train of thought from the philosophy of mafias through to that of bankers, which seemed, initially, far fetched.
Where I agree with the concept (I'm sure you will tell me if I'm wrong) is that societies will throw up stable sub-groups with their own codes of behaviour, whose behaviour will be for their member's mutual benefit. That this behaviour can be to the detriment of other groups within the society, or in some way judged immoral from our perspective, is not vital to whether such a regime will survive unless other competing sub-groups emerge that can provide an alternative stable system and also have the power to change the status quo.
In physics, it is a similar problem to annealing a crystal where you need to shake up the lattice in order to find a configuration with fewer defects. This does not mean that all moral codes are equivalent though, which I thought you were implying.
I like to think, that as with a crystal there is a trend towards the perfectly regular lattice, that there is an overall tendancy towards the betterment of everybody even if this means things getting worse for a time.
It has not disappeared. As it was another political rant, it has been merged with this thread.


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Fairy Tail, has always been known for attracting the most kind, energetic, and not to mention power wizards from across all of Fiore. What they don't know yet, is that the worlds most mighty one of all has already joined their ranks. Her name? Lucy Heartfilia.
Years ago, a choice was made for her. She lived all of her life believing it was the path she was chosen for. But one day, after Lucy completed the astonishing task of collecting all twelve Zodiac keys, something horrendous occurs.
Lucy loses so much that she loves, with not enough time to even say goodbye. Though, as one door shut, another opened. Most say that this is where her legend begins.
Will Lucy be able to control the power she is given? Or will darkness consume her?
Avidya Apr 08, 2016
Eh, that kinda messed with the lore... Since the whole thing with Anna and Layla
otakulizzylover May 21, 2016
girlyminer10 Apr 28, 2016
ReikaWP Mar 12, 2016
*gasp* WENDY-san just shouted at NATSU-kun!!?! Does this declare a war or not?! Tell me or I'll grab my weapon! *flies away slowly <<-- not sure if it fits here*
comorade Jan 07, 2016
Haha that's funny but I like to dream about anime sometimes or my friend as anime character
Nalu_lover4545 Feb 23, 2015
that how I feel.... in my dreams. .just kidding just kidding


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Earthquake Hits Virginia, Felt in NYC, DC & NC
President Sweet Micky At Haiti's Service!
Gilbert Gottfried Apologizes For His Jokes Regarding The Tsunami In Japan!
Massive 8.9 Earthquake Rocks Japan!
8.9 Earthquake Hits Japan; Tsunami Hits in Hawaii
Comedian Earthquake Stops By 102 JAMZ To Kick It With Jay Love!
Haiti One Year Later Audio Montage
Jay Love's JAMZ Comedy Clip Of The Day


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Whether your daughter loves the story of Cinderella or simply likes saying Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo and waiving a magic wand, a fairy godmother costume is right up her alley. While you can purchase the costume from a costume shop and pay a high price for it, you can just as easily make the costume with some simple-to-find items.
Things You'll Need
- Wig
- Glitter makeup
- Graduation grown pattern
- Powder blue fabric
- Pink ribbon
- Ballet flat shoes
- Silver magic wand
Obtain a white, gray or silver wig and put your daughter's hair in a bun underneath.
Paint her cheeks with glitter makeup to giver her a magical sparkle.
Obtain a graduation gown pattern from a sewing store and make a graduation gown with hood in your daughter's size. For the fairy godmother, it should be powder blue with a pink ribbon for the hood tie.
Purchase or paint some ballet flat slippers powder blue.
Obtain or make a magic wand with a star at the end. Be sure and use white or silver glitter, not gold.
Related Searches
- Photo Credit Jupiterimages/BananaStock/Getty Images
You May Also Like
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A step by step guide to creating a fashionable, DIY fairy costume and accessories for Halloween or EDC.


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Malaysia's economic growth momentum is expected to stabilise in 2017, on the back of resilient domestic demand and improving prospects for external demand, says RAM Ratings Services Bhd.
In a statement today, RAM Ratings projected gross domestic product growth of 4.5% in 2017, slightly better than 4.2% expected this year.
"The marginal improvement in Malaysia's expected growth trajectory remains supported by resilient domestic demand," it said.
However, the broad-based recovery in business and consumer sentiment was not widely envisaged next year as sales of durable goods had yet to show sustained momentum and the lack of any impetus for businesses to expand capacity, it said.
"Nonetheless, private consumption should still be buoyed by demand for basic necessities and a normalisation of labour market conditions. Growth in this area is projected to reach six per cent in 2017," it said.
The rating agency said private investment growth will remain supported by big-ticket infrastructure projects and was anticipated to clock in at 5.5% next year despite lacklustre capacity-building activities.
As for the external factor, RAM Ratings said, there were indications of a strengthening US economy and China's steadfast structural rebalancing.
"That said, the prevailing uncertainties vis-à-vis the commencement of 'British exit' talks and the impact this may have on European businesses, the US' trade strategy under a new administration and the lingering uncertainties over global oil prices will still pose crucial downside risks to RAM Ratings' forecasts for next year," it added.
Source: Bernama


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Trade & Contractiong
Welcome To Firstar International Group
Firstar International Group was founded in 1986 in Atlanta, Georgia by the Former Governor of Florida, Mr. Wayne Mixson, Mr. E. Lamar Bailey and Mr. Muhsin Al-Hashimi.
To help in Iraq re-building process, Firstar has assembled a consortium of companies each bringing expertise to perform large projects in the areas
News & Events
© 2016 FIRSTAR All Rights Reserved.
Who We Are
Our Services
Oil & Gas
Trade & Contractiong
Firstar Food Division
Quality Assurance
Media center


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- Fees / Price BHD 2,586
- Duration 19 to 45 Years
- Locations Building 519, 1010, Sanabis, Bahrain
Tamkeen in association with Bahrain Development Bank (BDB) launches the Pre-Seed Capital Support Scheme specifically for innovative and creative business ideas which could be developed further into successful business ventures. The scheme will provide support towards the implementation of creative projects, both financially as well as advisory, apart from offering networking support.
A financial support of up to will be contributed towards the development of the business idea
into a prototype before business commercialisation. The applicant may also be required to financially contribute towards the prototype development to whatever extent possible.
Supporting creative business ideas to be developed into an actual prototype
Providing advisory and networking support/services required to encourage the entrepreneur and facilitate the development of the prototype
Who can apply:
- Bahraini entrepreneurs or those having joint proposals with majority Bahraini ownership proposing and developing innovative business ideas
- Entrepreneur age range 19 to 45 years
- Enterprises which are under formation or in start-up phase with innovative entrepreneurs willing to pursue the developed prototype into a commercial project
- Enterprise must be based in Bahrain
What you need:
- Copy of passport
- Copy of Smart Card
- Study of invention (if applicable)
- Business Commercial Registration (if existing)
- Implementation plan (full detail of phases, break-up of all costs of prototype development)
- Ownership documents (if applicable)
- Preliminary protection (if applicable)
- Copy of patent (if applicable)
- Other documents (if applicable)
Tamkeen was established as part of Bahrain's national reform initiatives and Bahrain's Economic Vision, and is tasked with supporting Bahrain's private sector and positioning it as the key driver of economic development.
Tamkeen's two primary objectives are:
1) Fostering the creation and development of enterprises, and
2) Providing support to enhance the productivity and growth of enterprises and individuals.See all Tamkeen courses