text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 24, 1999
|Filing date
|Apr 22, 1997
|Priority date
|Dec 7, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Robert F. Snyder, Jr., James D. Lilly, Andrew Humen, Jr.
|Original Assignee
|Atlantic Aerospace Electronics, Corp.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (89), Classifications (17), Legal Events (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Pat. No. 5,777,581, U.S. application Ser. No. 08/568,940 filed Dec. 7, 1995.
Many applications require small, light weight, efficient conformal antennas. Traditionally, microstrip patch antennas have been a preferred type for many applications. These applications tend to be only over a narrow frequency band, since microstrip patch antennas typically are efficient only in a narrow frequency band. Otherwise, the advantages of these antennas of being mountable in a small space, of having high gain and of being capable of being constructed in a rugged form, have made them the antennas of choice in many applications.
Satellite communication (Satcom) systems and other similar communications systems require relatively broadband antennas. Typical military broadband applications include long range communication links for smart weapon targeting and real time mission planning and reporting. A variety of antenna designs, such as crossed slots, spirals, cavity-backed turnstiles, and dipole/monopole hybrids have been used for similar applications over at least the last 15 years. However, most of these antennas require large installation footprints, typically for UHF antennas, a square which is two to three feet on a side. When used on aircraft, these antennas intrude into the aircraft by as much as 12" and can protrude into the airstream as much as 14". For airborne Satcom applications, antennas of this size are unacceptably large, especially on smaller aircraft, and difficult to hide on larger aircraft, where it is undesirable to advertise the presence of a UHF Satcom capability. Therefore, there has been a need for a small highly efficient broadband antennas.
As illustrated in FIG. 29, further problems arise when attempting to couple the feeds 406 and 408 of a microstrip antenna 404 to a power generator 402, especially in high power applications. It is generally desirable to present a power generator with a good load match, i.e. VSWR, at all limes. That is, it is generally desirable to minimize the amount of reflected power Pr, such as that due to antenna impedance mismatch, that is reflected back from the antenna to the power generator. Moreover, it is sometimes necessary to feed the antenna with a phase shift.
Typically, a 90� hybrid coupler 400 such as that illustrated in FIG. 29 will provide the desired phase while allowing the power reflected back from the antenna 404 to be absorbed and dissipated by a termination 410. The amount of power that can be dissipated by the termination, however, is dependent on the physical size of the termination. The dissipated power creates excess heat which can burn out the termination if it is too small. In high power applications, this means that a physically large termination is required to absorb the reflected power caused by antenna mismatch. Moreover, the termination must be located away from the antenna assembly. Therefore, there has also been a need in the art for a feed network that can effectively present a good load match between a power generator and a microstrip antenna, but that does not occupy a large amount of space.
The present tunable microstrip patch antenna is small, light weight and broadband. The small size enables use in the aforementioned applications where larger, less efficient, and/or narrow band antennas have heretofore been used. Although the antenna is discussed as if it is a transmitting antenna, the same principles apply when it is being used as a receiving antenna. The antenna includes a conductive patch, generally parallel to and spaced from a conducting ground plane by an insulator, and fed at one or more locations through the ground plane and the insulator. The shape of the patch and the feed points determine the polarization and general antenna pattern of the antenna. Surrounding the patch are conductive strips. Circuitry is provided to allow the strips to participate in the function of the antenna or to isolate the strips from such function. When the strips participate, they effectively increase the size of the patch and lower its optimal operation frequency.
The participation of the strips can be accomplished in various ways. A preferred method uses diodes and means to either forward or back bias the diodes into conductive or nonconductive conditions. The diodes can be used to connect the strips to the main patch, or to ground them to the ground plane to prevent capacitive coupling between the strips and the patch from being effective. Typically the strips are arranged in segmented concentric rings about the patch, the rings having the same approximate edge shape as the patch. Normally, the strips are connected to the patch progressively outwardly from the patch to lower the frequency of the antenna. However, various combinations of the strips may be connected or disconnected to tune the antenna to specific frequencies or to change the associated gain pattern.
Although UHF Satcom is a prime candidate for application of the present invention, and is discussed hereinafter in that context, nowhere herein is this meant to imply any limitation and potential use of frequency or of operation and in fact the present antennas are useful in many different antenna applications, such as UHF line of sight communications, signal intercept, weapons data link, identification friend-or-foe ("IFF") and multi-function applications combining these and/or other functions.
Conventional UHF Satcom antennas provide an instantaneous bandwidth of approximately 80 Mhz covering the frequency band from 240 to 320 Mhz. The present antennas can be configured to cover the required 80 Mhz bandwidth with a number of sub-bands each with less instantaneous bandwidth than 80 MHz, but far more than required for system operation by any user. Since the present antenna may be tuned to operate at any sub-band, it thereby can be used to cover the entire 240 to 320 MHz Satcom band in a piece-wise fashion. The relatively narrow instantaneous bandwidth of the present antennas allow substantial size and weight reduction relative to conventional antennas and acts like a filter to reject unwanted out-of-subband signals, thereby reducing interference from nearby transmitters, jammers and the like.
The present antennas include tuning circuitry, thereby minimizing the need for external function and support hardware. The prior art microstrip patch configuration is modified to include conducting metal strips or bars spaced from and generally parallel to the basic patch element. Switching elements bridge the gaps between the basic patch element and the conducting metal strips. The switching elements allow any combination of the adjacent strips to be selected such that they are either electrically connected to or isolated from the basic patch. Switching components include PIN diodes, FETs, bulk switchable semiconductors, relays and mechanical switches. When for example PIN diodes are used, the present antenna is compatible with electronic control, that is, in response to DC currents, the antenna can be dynamically tuned for operation at specific RF frequencies. Because the control is electronic, very rapid tuning is possible, rapid enough in fact, to support TDMA and frequency hopping applications.
A feed network for the present antennas uses an additional hybrid network to distribute heat and includes a third low power termination to absorb secondary reflections from the high power terminations. Because the power is distributed among the additional terminations, the overall physical size of each individual termination can be reduced, while reliable power-load matching can be ensured even with wide variations in antenna impedance mismatch.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a small, light weight, efficient, broadband antenna.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a broadband antenna, which can be tuned for efficient operation at a single frequency and whose antenna pattern can be tailored electronically.
Another object is to provide an electronically tunable antenna that is relatively easy and economical to manufacture.
Another object is to provide a tunable antenna that is useful over a wide range of applications and frequencies.
Another object is to provide an electrically small, broadband, tunable, efficient antenna, which can handle high power.
Another object is to provide an antenna that can be installed conformally to an arbitrarily curved surface.
Another object is to provide electronically tunable antennas that can be scaled for various frequency bands.
Another object is to provide an electronically tunable antenna with specific polarization or whose polarization can be changed or varied.
Another object is to provide a feed network that can effectively minimize the reflected power from the tunable antenna back to a power generator.
Another object is to provide a feed network that can reliably dissipate reflected power due to impedance mismatch of the tunable antenna.
Another object is to provide a feed network that provides a proper phase shift to feed the tunable antenna.
Another object is to provide a feed network that is capable of high power applications but that does not require physically large high power terminations.
These and other objects and advantages the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the following detailed specification, together with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art microstrip patch antenna;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along the y-axis of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the antenna of FIG. 1 showing the virtual radiating slots thereof;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a dual feed embodiment of the antenna of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a partial diagrammatic plan view of an antenna constructed according to the present invention, showing a switch configuration thereof;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view showing how the tuning strips of an embodiment of the present invention can be connected to the patch thereof;
FIG. 7 is a graph of typical Frequency vs. Return Loss for various tuning stales of the antenna of FIG. 6, where the frequency subscript designates the particular tuning strips electrically connected to the patch;
FIG. 8 is a graph of Frequency vs. Return Loss for the antenna of FIG. 9, which can be finely tuned;
FIG. 9 is a partial top plan view of the tuning strips and patch of an antenna constructed according to the present invention, showing how tuning strips are positioned and spaced when the antenna is to be finely tuned at frequencies near the resonant frequency of the patch alone;
FIG. 10 is a partial top plan view of the tuning strips and patch of an antenna constructed according to the present invention, showing how tuning strips are positioned and spaced when the antenna is to cover a broad RF frequency band;
FIG. 11 is a graph of Frequency vs. Return Loss for various tuning states of the antenna of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a partial diagrammatic plan view of an antenna constructed according to the present invention, showing a alternate switch configuration thereof;
FIG. 13 is a partial diagrammatic plan view of an antenna constructed according to the present invention, showing a alternate switch configuration thereof that grounds the tuning strips rather than connects them to the patch, useful when the strips capacitively couple to the patch;
FIG. 14 is a top plan view of an antenna constructed according to the present invention, with its switch circuits, leads, and RF feeds;
FIG. 15 is a side cross-sectional view taken at line 15--15 of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram of a switching circuit for connecting and disconnecting a tuning strip to the patch of the present antenna;
FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of another switching circuit for connecting and disconnecting a tuning strip to the patch of the present antenna;
FIGS. 18 and 19 are equivalent circuit diagrams for the switching circuit of FIG. 16 when the circuit is connecting the patch to the tuning strip;
FIGS. 20 and 21 are equivalent circuit diagrams for the switching circuit of FIG. 16 when the circuit is disconnecting the patch from the tuning strip;
FIG. 22 is an equivalent circuit diagram for the switching circuit of FIG. 17 showing how a tuned filter formed thereby;
FIG. 23 is a top plan view of a broadband antenna being constructed according to the present invention with some of the switching circuits of FIG. 16 being in place thereon;
FIG. 24 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an alternate arrangement to form the switching circuit of FIG. 16 on the antenna of FIG. 23;
FIG. 25A is a top plan view of an antenna constructed according to the present invention with a two feed circular patch and segmented concentric tuning strips;
FIG. 25B is a top plan view of a modified version of the antenna of FIG. 25A with an oval patch and segmented concentric tuning strips;
FIG. 26 is a top plan view of an antenna constructed according to the present invention with a center fed circular patch and concentric tuning strips;
FIG. 27 is a top plan view of an antenna constructed according to the present invention with a triple feed triangular patch and uneven numbers or tuning strips spaced from the edges of the patch;
FIG. 28 is a top plan view of a pair of antennas elements constructed according to the present invention positioned back-to-back to form a frequency tunable dipole antenna;
FIG. 29 is a block diagram of a conventional hybrid coupler circuit used in connection with an antenna;
FIG. 30 is a block diagram of a feed network in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 31 is a side plan view of the construction of a feed network in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 32 is a top plan view of the nearside artwork on a circuit layer of a feed network constructed in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 33 is a top plan view of the farside artwork on a circuit layer of a feed network constructed in accordance with the present invention.
Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numbers, number 20 in FIG. 1 refers to a prior art patch antenna that includes a conducting ground plane 22, a conducting patch 24 and a dielectric spacer 26 spacing the patch 24 parallel to and spaced from the ground plane 22. Suitable feed means 28 electrically insulated from the ground plane 22, extend therethrough and through the dielectric spacer 26 to feed RF energy to the patch 24. Although the patch 24 is shown as square in shape, it is also quite common to have circular patches either center fed or fed adjacent the edge as feed 28 is positioned. For any patch antenna operating in the lowest order mode, TM11 for a circular patch and T10 for a rectangular patch, a linearly polarized radiation pattern can be generated by exciting the patch 24 at a single feed point such as feed point 28. For antenna 20, which has a square patch that is a special case of a rectangular patch, the patch 24 generates a linearly polarized pattern with the polarization aligned with the y-axis. This can be understood by visualizing the antenna 20 as a resonant cavity 30 formed by the ground plane 22 and the patch 24 with open side walls as shown in FIG. 2. When excited at its lowest resonant frequency, the cavity 3 produces a standing half wave 31 (λ/2) when operating at the lowest order mode is shown, with fringing electric fields 32 and 34 at the edges 36 and 38 that appear as radiating slot 40 and 42 (FIG. 3). This electric field configuration has all field lines parallel with the y-axis and hence produces radiation with linear polarization. When a feed 44 is located on the x-axis as shown in FIG. 4, all electric field lines are aligned with the x-axis. If two feeds 28 and 44 are present simultaneously, one on the x-axis and the other on the y-axis as shown in FIG. 4, then two orthogonal electric fields are generated. Because the fields are orthogonal, they do not couple or otherwise affect each other and circular polarization results if the feeds are fed at 90 relative phase. With two feeds 28 and 44, four polarization senses can be generated. When feed 4 alone is used, there is linear horizontal polarization. When feed 28 only is used, there is linear vertical polarization. When feeds 28 and 44 are activated with feed 28, 90� in phase behind feed 44, then the antenna 20 radiates RF signals with right hand circular polarization. When feed 28 is fed 90� ahead of feed point 44, left hand circular polarization results. Therefore, with two feeds and the ability to switch between them, any of the four polarizations can be generated from a single antenna 20.
As shown in FIG. 2, the maximum electric field is positioned at the edges 36 and 38 of the patch 24 whereas the minimum electric field occurs at the center 45 of the patch 24. At some intermediate positions between the center 45 and the edges of the patch 24, impedances occur that may match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line of feed 28. The feeds 28 and 44 are preferably placed so the impedances perfectly match.
A simplified antenna 50 constructed according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 5 with only one polarization shown for simplicity. The antenna 50 and other antennas constructed in accordance with the present invention to be described hereinafter, are shown on a planar ground plane even though all of the present antennas can by curved within reason to confirm to curved or compound curved surfaces of air vehicles or other supporting structure on or in which they may be mounted. The antenna 50 includes a patch 51 with three equally-spaced tuning bars or strips 52, 54, 56 and 58, 60 and 62 on opposite sides 64 and 66 of the patch 51. The resonant frequency of the antenna 50 is inversely proportional to the total effective patch length, that is the length of the patch 51 plus any of the strips 52 through 62 connected thereto. Therefore, the highest resonant frequency of the antenna 50 occurs when all of the strips 52 through 62 are disconnected from the patch 51. Possible operating states that can be generated with antenna 50 include fhighest (fO) for just the patch 51, fmid-high (f1) for the patch 51 with strips 52 and 58 connected, fmid-low (f21) for the patch 51 with strips 52, 54. 58 and 60 connected and flowest (f321) for the patch 51 with all of the strips 52 through 62 connected. However, the antenna 50 can be used with some of the outermost strips like 56 and 62 connected and the remaining strips disconnected (FIG. 6) to produce an operating frequency f3 somewhat higher than flowest (f321) as shown in FIG. 7, which is a graph of return loss versus frequency. Another possible configuration has the patch 51 connected to strips 54, 56, 60 and 62 but not strips 52 and 58 to produce a frequency f32 just above flowest. The extra frequencies that are possible by connecting different combinations of strips allow antennas of the present invention to be designed with fewer tuning strips and connecting components, while still providing continuous coverage over the frequency range of interest.
The tuning strips do not have to be equally spaced and fewer more widely spaced strips make the present antenna simpler and less costly to build. For the high frequency tuning states that employ only the innermost strips, these extra tuning states are less available. For example, if the frequency coverage shown in FIG. 8 is required, a patch of the antenna 71 with closely spaced tuning strips 72, 73 74 and 75 can be used (FIG. 9). The strips 72 and 74 must be located sufficiently close to the patch 71 that frequency f1 is generated. Any combination of other strips located further from the patch 71 will generate an operating frequency lower than f1. Similarly, tuning strips 73 and 75 will generate the next lowest frequency f2. Therefore, a broadband design may appear as shown in FIG. 10 by antenna 80, which includes patch 81 and tuning strips 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 and 89. Note the narrow spacing between the patch 81 and the strips 82 and 86 and then that the spacing increases outwardly so as shown on FIG. 11, a relatively even spread of frequencies can be obtained either by using individual strips or combinations, the frequencies being shown with subscript numbers indicating the connected strips counting outwardly from the patch 81. The resonant frequency patch 81 alone is f0.
As shown in FIGS. 5, 12 and 13, the tuning strips 52, 54 and 56 can be coupled to the patch 51 by different switching arrangements. In FIG. 5, switches 100, 101 and 102 connect the tuning strips 52, 54 and 56 in parallel to the patch 51 so that any combination can be connected thereto. If only the strips 52, 54, and 56 are connected to the patch 51, the effect is to move the feed 103 percentage wise closer to the edge 66 to affect the antenna pattern and/or impedance match. In FIG. 12, switches 105, 106, and 107 connect the tuning strips 52, 54 and 56 in series. In this configuration, an interior tuning strip cannot be skipped to tune between what would normally be tuning strip frequencies.
At high frequencies, the strips preferably are positioned very close together because they must be wide enough to carry the RF currents yet located at small distances from the patch. When they are positioned close to the patch, capacitance therebetween is high enough to couple RF between the strips and the patch and make the connection circuitry of FIGS. 5 and 12 ineffective to isolate the strips from the patch. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, switches 108, 109 and 110 are connected so they can ground the tuning strips 52, 54 and 56, which otherwise capacitively couple to the patch 51. In some instances, the switch connections of FIG. 13 and either FIG. 5 or 12 may need to be combined to get desired coupling and decoupling of the strips and the patch.
A microstrip patch antenna 120 constructed according to the present invention, whose thickness is exaggerated for clarity, can be seen in FIG. 14. The antenna 120 includes a conductive ground plane 122 and a square patch 124 supported and insulated from the ground plane 122 by a dielectric spacer 126. The patch 124 is fed by two leads 128 and 130, which are physically positioned at 90� to each other about the center hole 131 (FIG. 15) of the patch 124. When the antenna 120 is transmitting, the leads 128 and 130 connect RF signals that are electrically 90� degrees apart in phase to the patch 124 to produce circular polarization. As previously discussed, this causes the polarization of the antenna 120 to be right hand circular if lead 128 is fed 90� ahead of lead 130. If the phase difference of the leads 128 and 130 is reversed, the antenna 120 produces an output with left hand circular polarization If the antenna 120 is oriented as shown in FIG. 15 at 90� to the earth 131, and only lead 130 is fed, then the antenna 120 produces an output signal with a linear horizontal polarization. When only lead 128 is feeding the antenna 120, then an output signal with a linear vertical polarization is produced. As shown in FIG. 15, a suitable connector 132 is provided on each of the leads 128 and 130 for connection to RF producing or receiving means, the leads 128 and 130 being insulated or spaced from the ground plane 122, as shown. Note that other connection means may be employed in place of the connector 132, such as microstrip lines, coplanar waveguide coupling apertures, and the like.
As aforesaid, relatively conventional patch antennas employing a patch 124 above a ground plane 122 and fed as described, are fairly conventional, efficient narrow frequency band devices. To increase the frequency coverage of the antenna 120 without affecting its antenna pattern, operation modes, or polarization, conductive frequency broadening strips are positioned on the spacer 126 parallel to and spaced from the patch 124 with strips 134 and 136 positioned near the lower edge 138 of the patch 124, strips 140 and 142 positioned near the right edge 144 of the patch 124, strips 146 and 148 positioned near the upper edge 150 of the patch 124, and strips 152 and 154 positioned near the left edge 156 of the patch 124.
When the strips 134, 140, 146 and 152 are connected by switch means 155 to the RF frequencies present at the patch 124, they effectively enlarge the patch 124 without changing its shape and thereby lower its resonant frequency. If in addition strips 136, 142, 148 and 154 are also connected to the patch 124, this further lowers the resonant frequency of the antenna 120. Intermediate frequencies can be gained by connecting only strips 136, 142, 148 and 154 to the patch 124 which has the effect of lowering the resonant frequency of the antenna 120 but not so much as if all strips were connected. In addition to changing the resonant frequency, the pattern of the antenna 120 can be changed by connecting the patch 124 to only opposite pairs of strips or connecting only the strips on one edge, adjacent edges or three edges. This allows the antenna to be mistuned in a chosen direction to reduce an interfering signal near or at the frequency of interest. With the symmetrical antenna 120, in almost every combination, the connecting of the strips, adjusts the resonant frequency of the antenna and/or adjusts its radiation pattern. With a non-symmetrical antenna of the present invention, it is difficult to change the resonantly frequency without changing the antenna pattern.
The patch 124 can be connected to the strips 134, 136, 140, 142, 146, 148, 152, and 154 by suitable means such as electronic switches, diodes, field effect transistors (FETs), EM relays and other electronic devices. Preferable circuits 159 and 160 are shown in FIG. 16 and 17 where PIN diodes are biased to either conduct or not conduct with a DC signal to connect a strip to the patch 124. A positive/negative DC power source 161 is used to bias diodes 162 and 164 either into conducting or non-conducting conditions. When both diodes, 162 and 164 are biased by a positive current from the power source 161 to conduct, the strip 140 is connected to any RF signal on the patch 124 an acts to expand the length thereof and thus lower the resonant frequency of the patch 124. The RF signal passes through a DC blocking capacitor 165 whose capacitance is chosen to act like a short to RF in the frequency band of interest. The RF signal then passes through the diode 164 (which when forward biased appears as a very low resistance of ˜0.5 Ω), to the strip 140, and through the diode 162 connected between the patch 124 and the strip 140. Balancing resistors 166 and 168 are positioned in parallel to the diodes 162 and 164 respectively. Their resistances are chosen to be relatively high (typically 20 to 500 KΩ). They have no effect when the diodes 162 and 164 are conducting since the impedance of the diodes 162 and 164 is ˜40,000 times less, the equivalent circuit at RF being shown in FIG. 18. Since the 0.5 Ω diodes 162 and 164 are so much lower in impedance than the 20 KΩ resistors 166 and 168, virtually all the RF current flows through the 0.5 Ω diodes 162 and 164, and the 20 KΩ resistors 166 and 168 act like open circuits as shown in FIG. 19. However, when the power source 161 back biases the diodes 162 and 164, the diodes 162 and 164 present a very high resistance of 1 MΩ or more, as shown in the equivalent circuit of FIG. 20. The circuit is then a voltage divider. If the diodes 162 and 164 are identical in back bias impedance, then the resistors 166 and 168 are not needed because an equal voltage drop occurs across each diode 162 and 164. However economical bench stock diodes can have an impedance difference as much as 1 MΩ. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 21, the diodes 162 and 164 if mismatched, become components in an unbalanced impedance bridge, which might allow RF signal to appear on the strip 140. With diode 162 having a back bias impedance of 1 MΩ and diode 164 having a back bias impedance of 2 MΩ, the voltage division created may not be enough to keep diode 162 biased off when RF is fed to the patch 124. The balancing resistors 166 and 168 avoid the problem by greatly reducing the effect of mismatched diodes since the parallel impedance of 1 MΩ diode 162 and 20 KΩ resistor 166 is 19.6 KΩ, whereas the parallel impedance of 2 MΩ diode 164 and 20 KΩ resistor 168 is 19.8 KΩ resulting in an insignificant voltage division of 49.75% to 50.25% across the diodes 162 and 164 respectively. An RF blocking coil 170 is used to complete the DC circuit to the power source 161 without allowing RF to ground out therethrough.
Another connection circuit 160 for connecting the patch 124 to strip 140 utilizing diodes 182 and 184 is shown in FIG. 17 wherein PIN diodes 182 and 184 are connected oriented in the same direction in parallel between the patch 124 and the strip 140 to avoid voltage division there between. The circuit 160 includes a capacitor 186 of a capacitance chosen to be a short circuit at RF frequencies and an open circuit at DC and an inductor 118 chosen such that, when combined with the parasitic capacitances of the diodes 182 and 184, the capacitor 186 and inductor 188 form a band stop filter 189 (FIG. 22). The series connected capacitor 186 and inductor 188 are fed DC therebetween by a DC power source 190 similar to the source 161, which can provide both positive and negative DC current thereto. The patch configuration is essentially the same for the parallel diode circuit 160 as for the series diode circuit 159 as to patch size, number of strips and strips facing. When forward biased by the power source 190, the diodes 182 and 184 conduct from the strip 140 to the patch 124 in a DC sense thereby forming a low resistance RF path. The advantage of circuit 160 over circuit 159 is that the resistors 166 and 168 are no longer required because the applied voltage is no longer divided between the two diodes 182 and 184. Also, each diode 182 and 184 is back biased to the entire output of the power source 190 as opposed to approximately 1/2 as in the case of circuit 159. This increases the bias voltage allowing the antenna to handle higher RF power or allows a more economical lower power source 190 to be employed. The band stop filter 189 provides additional isolation between the strip 140 and the patch 124. A disadvantage of the circuit 160 is that inductors 188 are generally more expensive than resistors. The partially constructed antenna 200 of FIG. 23 shows a typical embodiment of the present invention with the switching circuits 159 thereon. Like the aforementioned antennas, antenna 200 includes a patch 202 having feeds 204 and 206 symmetrically positioned at 90� to each other and on the horizontal and vertical axis of the patch 202. A plurality of spaced tuning strips 208 are symmetrically placed around the square patch 202 so that they can effectively increase its size when connected to the patch 202 by the switching circuits 159, one of which switching circuits 159 having the appropriate component numbers indicated, for connecting tuning strip 209 to the patch 202. Note that some of the leads 210 and 212 connecting to the tuning strip 209 extend outwardly beyond the tuning strip 209. The stubs 214 and 216 that result allow fine tuning of the antenna 200 once it has been constructed and can be tested. The stubs 214 and 216 are intentionally made longer than needed and then trimmed off to raise the resonant frequency of the antenna 200 when the strip 209 is connected.
The tuning circuits 159 are connected to the power source 161 by suitable leads, such as lead 218, which is shown extending through a center orifice 220 included for that purpose. As shown in FIG. 24, the lead 218 can also be fed through an insulator 222 that extends through the ground plane 224 and the patch 202 to connect to the capacitor 165, the diode 164 and the resistor 168. The lead 218 could also be an insulated plated-through hole. As the patch 202 is effectively enlarged by the addition of tuning strips with similar enlargement of the electric field standing wave (see FIG. 2), when the patch is enlarged uniformly, the impedance matches of the feeds 204 and 206 change. The original construction of the antenna 200 can be compromised for this by positioning the feeds 204 and 206 toward the strips so that a perfect impedance match occurs when some of the strips are connected symmetrically, or the strips can be connected asymmetrically so that as the effective patch size of the antenna increases, the effective center of the patch shifts away from the feed to keep it impedance matched. Additional strips 208 on the opposite edge from the feeds 204 and 206 can also be added so that strips can be asymmetrically added over the entire frequency band of the antenna. Which method is used for feed impedance matching in some measure depends on the ability of the connected transmitter or receiver to tolerate antenna feed mismatch and physical constraints that might prevent additional strips on sides opposite from the feeds 204 and 206. Whether any correction for impedance match changes is needed depends on the bandwidth being covered. Experiments have shown that no correction is required for the Satcom band discussed above.
A feed network that presents a good load match to a power source even when the feeds are not ideally matched, or when their impedance matching, changes due to the various connections of tuning strips with the patch, is shown in FIG. 30. As compared to the conventional hybrid coupler in FIG. 29, the present feed network 405 includes a second 3 dB hybrid 420 connected to the portion of first 3 dB hybrid 400' in place of the first high power termination 410 to distribute the beat and includes a third low power termination 422 to absorb any mismatch due to imperfections of the high power terminations 424 and 426. The reflected power from the antenna 404 is absorbed by the termination resistors of the second 3 dB hybrid 420, which includes the two high power terminations 424 and 426. Secondary reflections from the high power terminations are absorbed by the third termination 422. It should be noted that the antenna 404 can be any of the antenna:s described above with feeds 406 and 408 connected to the first hybrid coupler.
The feed network can be embodied on a separate printed circuit board that is adapted to be mated to any of the antennas described above. As shown in FIG. 31, preferably the board is constructed as a stripline multi-layer PCB, comprised of two dielectric sheets 430 and 432 that sandwich a thin center circuit layer 434 having circuit artwork on a nearside 434a and farside 434b thereof. The center circuit layer can be mated to the dielectric sheets by bonding film 436 and 438.
The feed network is formed by circuit runs defined by the artwork laid out with stripline material on the nearside and farside of the circuit layer. Examples of these artworks are shown in FIGS. 32 and 33. The circuit runs 440 preferably have critical line dimensions of 0.0375�0.001". The circuit runs from each side can be connected together with plated-through holes for example.
Although the feed network invention has been described above with reference to application in an antenna, it should be noted that the invention is not limited to this particular application, but is useful in many applications desiring improved input and output return losses. For example, the feed network invention would find useful application in a balanced microwave amplifier, wherein the second hybrid coupler can be used to terminate input and output 90� hybrid couplers.
Although the antenna invention has been heretofore described primarily with square patch antennas, it should be noted that other shapes are possible. For example, in FIG. 25A, a circular antenna 230 is shown mounted over a square dielectric spacer 232 and ground plane 234. The antenna 230 includes a circular patch 236 with two feeds 238 and 240 for polarization control as in the square patch antennas previously described. Two rings of segmented concentric tuning strips 242 and 244 are used to lower the resonant frequency of the antenna 230. FIG. 25B shows a similar antenna 230' where the patch 236' and rings of segmented tuning strips 242' and 244' are oval, showing that the shape of the patches 236 and 236' can be said to be shaped as a plane section of a right circular cone. Another configuration of a circular antenna 250 including the present invention is shown in FIG. 26. The antenna 250 has a central feed 252 and concentric tuning rings 254 and 256 surrounding the patch 258. The antenna 250 therefore has no means to vary the polarization or the antenna pattern, the tuning rings 254 and 256 only being useful in reducing the resonant frequency of the antenna 250.
As shown in FIG. 27, almost any configuration of patches and tuning strips can be employed for special purposes. The antenna 270 of FIG. 27 includes a triangular patch 272 with three feeds 274, 276 and 278 positioned in the corners thereof. The feeds 274, 276 and 278 can be fed out of phase or fed all in the same phase so that they act like a center feed. Note that the upper sides of the triangular patch 272 have associated single tuning strips 280 and 282 while two tuning strips 284 and 286 are provided at the lower edge 288. This configuration would be used if low frequencies are only required with a directed antenna pattern.
The antenna 300 shown in FIG. 28 is essentially two of the present antennas 302 and 304 positioned back-to-back to form a tunable dipole antenna 300.
Thus, there has been shown and described novel antennas which fulfill all of the objects and advantages sought therefor. Many changes, alterations, modifications and other uses and application of the subject antennas will become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the specification together with the accompanying drawings. All such changes, alterations and modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention which is limited only by the claims which follow.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|Aug 1, 1972
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Wideband image terminated mixer
|Dec 4, 1975
|Apr 5, 1977
|American Nucleonics Corporation
|Reflective signal controller
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|Raytheon Company
|Impedance matching network comprising selectable capacitance pads and selectable inductance strips or pads
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|Riblet Gordon P
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|Rca Corporation
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|Mar 27, 2003
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|Apr 17, 2003
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|Antenna arrangement
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|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Single-pole multi-throw switch having low parasitic reactance, and an antenna incorporating the same
|Dec 29, 2005
|Dec 11, 2007
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Large-scale adaptive surface sensor arrays
|Nov 20, 2002
|Mar 4, 2008
|Nokia Corporation
|Controllable antenna arrangement
|Aug 18, 2003
|Aug 26, 2008
|Keystone Technology Solutions, Llc
|Automated antenna trim for transmitting and receiving semiconductor devices
|Nov 21, 2005
|Oct 14, 2008
|Jessup Steven C
|Low cost RFID labeling device
|Nov 7, 2006
|Nov 25, 2008
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Large aperture rectenna based on planar lens structures
|Aug 18, 2005
|Feb 23, 2010
|Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc.
|Polarization agile antenna
|Aug 27, 2007
|Oct 12, 2010
|Round Rock Research, Llc
|Methods and apparatuses for radio frequency identification (RFID) tags configured to allow antenna trim
|Aug 16, 2007
|Oct 26, 2010
|Kathrein-Werke Kg
|Tunable patch antenna of planar construction
|Mar 21, 2008
|Jan 11, 2011
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Dec 1, 2006
|Feb 8, 2011
|Round Rock Research, Llc
|Radio frequency data communications device with selectively removable antenna portion and method
|Jun 6, 2008
|Feb 28, 2012
|Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
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|May 29, 2007
|Mar 13, 2012
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|Electrically tunable surface impedance structure with suppressed backward wave
|Apr 17, 2008
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|Pulse Finland Oy
|Methods and apparatus for matching an antenna
|Apr 14, 2008
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|Pulse Finland Oy
|Adjustable antenna and methods
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|Adjustable multiband antenna and methods
|Jun 7, 2007
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|Radio frequency identification device operating methods, radio frequency identification device configuration methods, and radio frequency identification devices
|Aug 20, 2008
|Jan 14, 2014
|Pusle Finland Oy
|Adjustable multi-band antenna and methods
|Feb 11, 2011
|Feb 11, 2014
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
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|Multiband antenna system and methods
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|Broadcom Corporation
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|Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control
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|Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system
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|Antenna and method for steering antenna beam direction
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|Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus
|Apr 21, 2010
|Aug 2, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Distributed multiband antenna and methods
|Jul 25, 2011
|Sep 20, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
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|Pulse Finland Oy
|MIMO antenna and methods
|Jul 3, 2013
|Oct 11, 2016
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|Nov 1, 2016
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|Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
|Dec 1, 2014
|Nov 29, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Compact polarized antenna and methods
|Dec 20, 2011
|Dec 27, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
|Dec 2, 2014
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|Pulse Electronics, Inc.
|Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same
|Jun 26, 2013
|Apr 25, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods
|Mar 3, 2014
|May 9, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Coupled antenna structure and methods
|Mar 24, 2014
|Jun 6, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
|Nov 20, 2013
|Jun 13, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices
|Aug 28, 2014
|Aug 1, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use
|Jul 9, 2002
|Jul 3, 2003
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|RF MEMs-tuned slot antenna and a method of making same
|May 12, 2003
|Dec 11, 2003
|Hrl Laboratories, Llc
|Single-pole multi-throw switch having low parasitic reactance, and an antenna incorporating the same
|Mar 27, 2003
|Apr 1, 2004
|Andrew Corporation
|Adjustable beamwidth and azimuth scanning antenna with dipole elements
|Aug 18, 2003
|Apr 22, 2004
|Cathey David A.
|Automated antenna trim for transmitting and receiving semiconductor devices
|Oct 23, 2002
|Apr 29, 2004
|Allen Tran
|MEMS planar antenna array
|Aug 14, 2003
|Jun 17, 2004
|Du Toit Cornelis Frederik
|Conformal frequency-agile tunable patch antenna
|Oct 18, 2004
|Mar 24, 2005
|Cathey David A.
|Automated antenna trim for transmitting and receiving semiconductor devices
|Nov 20, 2002
|Mar 2, 2006
|Mads Sager
|Controllable antenna arrangement
|Apr 17, 2003
|Mar 16, 2006
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Antenna arrangement
|Nov 21, 2005
|Feb 8, 2007
|Ensyc Technologies
|Low cost RFID labeling device
|Aug 27, 2007
|Dec 20, 2007
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Automated antenna trim for transmitting and receiving semiconductor devices
|Aug 16, 2007
|Feb 21, 2008
|Gerald Schillmeier
|Tunable antenna of planar construction
|Jun 7, 2007
|Dec 11, 2008
|Vishay Intertechnology, Inc
|Digitally controlled antenna tuning circuit for radio frequency receivers
|Jun 6, 2008
|Dec 11, 2008
|Vishay Intertechnology, Inc
|Miniature sub-resonant multi-band vhf-uhf antenna
|Aug 18, 2005
|Jun 25, 2009
|Mckivergan Patrick D
|Polarization agile antenna
|Sep 21, 2011
|Mar 21, 2013
|Broadcom Corporation
|Antenna having polarization diversity
|Dec 30, 2013
|Aug 7, 2014
|Ethertronics, Inc.
|Antenna and method for steering antenna beam direction
|Jun 30, 2015
|Dec 31, 2015
|Searete Llc
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|Aug 17, 2006
|Nov 22, 2007
|Kathrein-Werke Kg
|Tunable antenna e.g. patch antenna, for e.g. geostationary positioning, has electrically conductive structure galvanically or capacitively or serially connected with measuring surface or chassis by interconnecting electrical components
|Jan 24, 2003
|Dec 24, 2003
|Nokia Corp
|Tunable antenna for wireless communication terminals
|Aug 18, 2005
|Mar 23, 2006
|Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration, Inc.
|Polarization agile antenna
|Aug 18, 2005
|May 18, 2006
|Egration Inc Bae Systems Infor
|Polarization agile antenna
|Jul 19, 2007
|Feb 21, 2008
|Kathrein-Werke Kg
|Tunable antenna having a planar design
|Jul 2, 2008
|Dec 10, 2009
|Vishay Intertechnology, Inc
|Miniature sub-resonant multi-band vhf-uhf antenna
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 22, 1997
Owner name: ATLANTIC AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS CORPORATION, MARYLA
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|Aug 4, 1999
Owner name: BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA, THE, AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT,
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Effective date: 20070824


text:
Mahesh Babu has huge fan fallowing
but it came as shock news to see two of his fans filing a case against the Mahesh
Babu in the human rights commission. Well, they alleged that Mahesh Babu has permitted
an alcohol brand and it is incidentally encouraging his fans to drink alcohol.
Though, reports say the Mahesh
is least worried about this case though he is keeping track of changes. Seemingly,
Mahesh has done 'surrogate endorsement' which is quite mutual among Bollywood
stars. He has allegedly maintained that he liked the creativeness, music and
spirit of the brand.
Mahesh Babu reportedly added
that he maintains on watching the complete creative before he signs an authorization
deal. Mahesh's team has made it strong that legally there is nothing in the
wrong in Mahesh's actions so there is nothing to worry. As of now, Mahesh is busy working and endorsing his new film
under the direction of Sukumar.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Understand the fundamentals of page and Web design; use visual language to convey meaning; use design to assert authority and organize work for readers.
Writers use critical questions to find cracks and crannies, places where they need to develop or clarify their thinking. In their relentless pursuit of clearly expressed, well-developed ideas, they find soft spots—that is, passages that need to be developed or discarded and sections that just don't feel right—that feel mushy like cereal that has been sitting for too long in sour milk. They ruthlessly ask "So what?" and "Who cares?" and reexamine their work, because they know reconsidering a line or a metaphor or even a word may give birth to a new idea or to reconsideration of what has been written. Below provides many questions you can use to interrogate your writing or your peers' writing.
- Is my conclusion an effective summary, restatement, or challenge?
In addition, you should consider the questions that are invoked by the particular project you are addressing. For example, the critical questions you would ask of a Web site differ from the questions you would ask of a personal narrative.


text:
Filling out the FAFSA: The Ultimate Guide
Applying for financial aid can be a complex process—and a stressful one at that. For many, a college education comes at a price. Tuition is still on the rise and with no end in sight. Colleges and universities have been steadily increasing their tuition costs and other expenses over the past decade. Continue reading »
Standardized Tests: The Ultimate Guide to the SAT, ACT, & More
Standardized testing is an important part of the college application process for many students. Whether you're applying to a state school close to home or a graduate nursing program, there's a good chance you'll be required to submit standardized test scores. Continue reading »
The Ultimate Admissions Guide: 75 Steps For Getting Into Your Dream College
Applying to college can be both exciting and stressful. With so many colleges to consider and important deadlines to meet, daunting might be an understatement for the work ahead. Not to mention, the competition is fierce among the many highly qualified applicants applying to elite schools. Continue reading »


text:
- English
- français
Mental vision: a computer graphics platform for virtual reality, science and education
Despite the wide amount of computer graphics frameworks and solutions available for virtual reality, it is still difficult to find a perfect one fitting at the same time the many constraints of research and educational contexts. Advanced functionalities and user-friendliness, rendering speed and portability, or scalability and image quality are opposite characteristics rarely found into a same approach. Furthermore, fruition of virtual reality specific devices like CAVEs or wearable systems is limited by their costs and accessibility, being most of these innovations reserved to institutions and specialists able to afford and manage them through strong background knowledge in programming. Finally, computer graphics and virtual reality are a complex and difficult matter to learn, due to the heterogeneity of notions a developer needs to practice with before attempting to implement a full virtual environment. In this thesis we describe our contributions to these topics, assembled in what we called the Mental Vision platform. Mental Vision is a framework composed of three main entities. First, a teaching/research oriented graphics engine, simplifying access to 2D/3D real-time rendering on mobile devices, personal computers and CAVE systems. Second, a series of pedagogical modules to introduce and practice computer graphics and virtual reality techniques. Third, two advanced VR systems: a wearable, lightweight and handsfree mixed reality setup, and a four sides CAVE designed through off the shelf hardware. In this dissertation we explain our conceptual, architectural and technical approach, pointing out how we managed to create a robust and coherent solution reducing complexity related to cross-platform and multi-device 3D rendering, and answering simultaneously to contradictory common needs of computer graphics and virtual reality for researchers and students. A series of case studies evaluates how Mental Vision concretely satisfies these needs and achieves its goals on in vitro benchmarks and in vivo scientific and educational projects.
Keywords: Computer Graphics ; Virtual Reality ; 3D Engines ; CAVE ; Mobile Devices ; Teaching and LearningThèse École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 4467 (2009)
Programme doctoral Informatique, Communications et Information
Faculté informatique et communications
Institut des systèmes informatiques et multimédias
Laboratoire de réalité virtuelle
Record created on 2009-05-28, modified on 2017-05-12


text:
From blogs to viewers' opinion and critics of indie films, these are the common picks as the best independent pictures of the year:
1. Ida: from Polish director Pawel Pawlikowski, who in 2001 won BAFTA's "Most Promising Newcomer in British Film" award, Ida portrays the story of a young girl on the quest to find her roots, as Jewish holocaust survivor descendants. Incredibly moving, we see through the film how a simple discovery turns out into an unexpected development of events.
2. Boyhood: one of the very few -or maybe the only- film that was recorded during 12 years and using the same actors. So what we get is what we see: the real deal. Growing pains, the ordinary happenings of daily life and the big moments that shape the life of a boy who turns out surprisingly well against all odds. It has been highly praised and well criticized since its release.
3. Only Lovers Left Alive: yet again, they're still doing vampire movies. Except for this one stars Tilda Swinton and Tom Hiddleston, and showcases the dreadness of the modern world through a couple that's been alive for quite a while now. As described by Vanity Fair, "vampires have never appeared so cool, cultured or human". Just the trailer is intriguing enough to make you want to watch it -even if you're a firm detractor of the vampire hype.
4. The Grand Budapest Hotel: with an outstanding direction of photography, a picturesque story and remarkable acting, these movie features a lobby boy that inherits a great first class hotel. But way before that happens, a succession of weird events and murders take place, in a fictional country set in the years between the two World Wars. The acting of Ralph Fiennes is amazing!
5. The Wind Rises: from director Hayao Miyazaki, this animated film takes a look at Hiro Jorikoshi's life, the man who designed planes in Japan during World War II. The dialogues and music are entirely in Japanese, so if you're a fan of manga or anime you're in for a treat, even though it's more of a kids-oriented tale film.
6. Like Father Like Son: have you ever imagined having your baby mixed up with another one after birth? This is what happens to Ryota Nonomiya. This is also a Japanese film, that shows the moving story of Nonomiya facing the difficult choice of choosing over his biological son or the one he has helped to raise for years.
7. Life Itself: ironically enough, this movie is about the American movie critic, Roger Ebert, who passed away just last year. The film walks by his journey, his illness and his reputation as a newspaper writer. Luckily, it has been received well by the critics. In fact, as some have put it "the only shame of Life Itself is that we can't read Roger Ebert's review".
8. Blue Ruin: "The one with the gun gets to tell the truth". This is a story filled with vengeance, suspense, the seek of justice and thrill, of how a man is capable of doing pretty much anything to protect his family, even when that means becoming an assasin.
9. Nymphomaniac vol. I: This highly expected Lars von Trier movie show a woman who is addicted to sex and, after she is saved by a man from a brutal beating, begins to recount all of her sexual encounters -which are mostly sickly-. Featuring well-known actors like Shia LaBeouf, Uma Thurman and Stellan Skarsgård, Nymphomaniac will leave you wanting more. The second part was also released this year.
10. Stranger by The Lake: this French film was launched at the beginning of the year. It tells the story of a paradisiac vacation spot in France only for men, and how one of them gets stuck in a love whimsy that seems to be destined to end with death. Regardless, this summer passion goes on…


text:
Self Catering in Dyfed - Aberporth
Areas: Ceredigion, Dyfed
Sleeps a maximum of: 4
Pricing From: £271.00
Safely set at the dead end of a lane on the edge of the village of Aberporth walking distance of pubs harbour and sandy beach of the popular and picturesque resort itself and offering a large and secure garden with views to the sea (pictured) this is an excellent family holiday base. On the Cardigan Heritage Coast close to the magical ex-smugglers cove of Cwmtydu (NT) and also just a few minutes from the golden sands of Mwnt and Poppit. New Quay has an excellent sandy beach boat trips for fishing and to see dolphins and seals. On the border of Pembrokeshire the lively resort of Tenby St Davids with its little gem of a cathedral Oakwood Folly Farm and other theme parks and lively attractions are an easy day trip. Many local inns and restaurants locally. Shop 600 yards.
Comfortable sitting room with French doors to garden. Well equipped kitchen with dining area. Bathroom/WC (shower over bath). First floor: Double bedroom with 5 bed leading to twin bedroom.
Services / Facilities:
- Linen (duvets) and towels inc
- Elec and elec CH inc
- TV (Freeview)
- Microwave
- Larder fridge
- Auto wm t/dryer and freezer in external utility room
- T/cot
- Highchair
- Stairgate
- Parking
- Enclosed garden with furniture
- Barbecue
- Pets
- No smoking
Get an Ordnance Survey map covering the Aberporth area.
Nearest AttractionsHeritage Rated from 1- 5 (low-exceptional) on historic interest
Internal Fire Museum of Power - 3 miles (Museum)
Cardigan Castle - 5.5 miles (Castle)
Pant-yr-Holiad - 5.6 miles (Garden)
Cilgerran Castle - 6 miles (Castle)
National Coracle Centre, Cenarth Falls - 6.2 miles (Museum)
Cenarth, St Llawddog's Church - 6.2 miles (Historic Church)
St Dogmael's Abbey - 6.2 miles (Abbey)
Newcastle Emlyn Castle - 7.7 miles (Castle)
Ffynone Mansion - 7.8 miles (Historic House)
West Wales Museum of Childhood - 10.1 miles (Museum)
Nearest Alternative Cottages
Aberporth, Dyfed
Sleeps: 6
Stay from: £370.00 - 868.00
Cardigan, Dyfed
Sleeps: 4
Stay from: £400.00 - 935.00
Tresaith, Dyfed
Sleeps: 4
Stay from: £265.00
Details of facilities are believed correct at time of publication, but may be subject to change by the cottage proprietor. Up-to-the-minute facility listings will be always presented during the booking process for your approval.
UK Self Catering
England - Scotland - Wales
Popular Locations
Devon - Cornwall - Lake District - Highlands - North Wales - South West Wales


text:
So first things first. As you all know I've been having a terrible time at work lately. While I've been busy the last couple of weeks, things have slowly improved so that it's not so hectic. Phew! I'm still trekking into the city every day for work, but there'll be opportunities for me to work from home every now and then, which I'm looking forward to.
I've been away for a couple of weeks so to make up for it, I have three looks to share with you all today. However, I'll then have to say a short farewell as my trip to Europe is in a little over 24 hours! I'm so excited. It's not a massive trip, since it's only three weeks, but it's my first to Europe since I was little (so it doesn't count). I'm spending some time in Helsinki, London, Paris, Stockholm and Prague. Hopefully I'll return with a ton of European cosmetics and inundate you all with pics and looks once I return.
Saturday, June 23, 2012
Monday, June 4, 2012
Eyeshadow: pinkish purple/blue duochrome
I recently got a few of the latest FFC eyeshadows (bad timing, since a few more new ones came out like two days after I placed my order!). I also got the complete sample set of the Gemtone Collection, a collection of white eyeshadows with different coloured duochrome sheen. I'll have to do another order soon because I desperately need a full-size version of Dispersion!
Left: FFC Dispersion. Right: FFC Moonstone.
Saturday, June 2, 2012
Nails: Illamasqua Stance & Butter London The Black Knight
Hey everyone, look at this! A post! It's been a long time coming, but I thought I'd start off with an easy one. I haven't been doing much with my nails lately, but this time I decided to get off my butt and change all that.
Left: Illamasqua Stance. Right: Butter London The Black Knight.
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text:
"By faith Noah, being divinely warned of things not yet seen, moved with godly fear, prepared an ark for the saving of his household." Hebrews 11:7
Noah prepared for things not yet seen… In his time there was no need for an ark. Anyone else in his place would have scoffed even at the thought of a flood and the destruction of the world. But Noah didn't do that. God had not told Noah why he should build an ark and yet Noah did what God told him to do inspite of not knowing everything about it. He didn't ask any questions, complain or rebel against God, he simply obeyed.
Preparing the ark according to God's instructions was a laborious, costly, tedious, dangerous and seemingly foolish job to do. Noah lived at a time when nothing had changed for scores of years together and even imagining that there would be such a drastic change was unthinkable. Yet great was Noah's faith that he held on to every word God said to Him and did as he was told.
God has spoken to men on many occasions. God spoke to Moses, He warned the prophets of what lay ahead in their time, He told Daniel about the dream only the king had seen, He revealed secrets of enemies to His prophet, He spoke to Mary and Zechariah telling them what was going to happen… God warned the wise men who came seeking the child who would be born King – to go by another way. He even warned Joseph to take Mary and baby Jesus out to Egypt because King Herod sought to kill him.
God still speaks His people. The only precondition is a believing heart and faith in Him. When we tune our ears to listen to His voice and get intimate with Him, He gives us the privilege of knowing things that are yet to come. If you would like to hear from the Lord, open your heart and receive His words with faith and obey His commands with humility.
"Dear Jesus, help me to know You intimately so that I can follow You every step of the way. May I never question Your voice but humbly submit as You guide me on, Amen."


text:
I updated to Spiceworks 5.0 two weeks ago, this morning when I started Spiceworks on my server , it says it is updating the database goes to 99% then goes to Starting Desktop and goes to 99%, it has been doing that for a half hour, what could be wrong
Dec 6, 2010 at 11:00 UTC
Ah, sorry, misread your original post (thats what having 3 hours of sleep does to you!), try killing all your processes and restarting SW or the server if you want to be safe. If it consistantly fails to startup then try emailing SW support as I indicated above as it could have hit a database problem.
This topic was created during version 5.0.
The latest version is 7.5.00101.
10 Replies
Dec 6, 2010 at 10:18 UTC
How many tickets and devices do you have? It takes a while to update if you have a ton. I suggest to give it a little more time.
Dec 6, 2010 at 10:24 UTC
There have been some users that have had corrupt databases that 4.7 and earlier have ignored but 5.0 is a lot stricter and so does its best to fix them, sometimes it cannot fix the problems and so will fail to finish the upgrade, however normally it will tell you when it happens.
If it still doesn't work then you might want to log a support request via email@example.com as they can normally either work with you to fix your database yourself or they can fix it for you, if you include database problems in the email subject it will help to prioritise your request.
Dec 6, 2010 at 10:35 UTC
4K tickets, 400 devices, this morning I deleted all my unknown devices (250) and did another inventory.
Dec 6, 2010 at 10:42 UTC
Is there a log file that would show me what it is trying to do now?
Dec 6, 2010 at 10:42 UTC
Ah, with so many tickets it will likely take quite a while as Brian suggested, kick back and go get a coffee (or two, or three) :)
Dec 6, 2010 at 10:50 UTC
is 4K tickets a big number for Spiceworks? I did the update 2-3 weeks ago and have been using it ever since. Why would it be doing a database update now? Is it because I deleted the 250 unknown devices and reran an inventory?
Dec 6, 2010 at 11:00 UTC
Ah, sorry, misread your original post (thats what having 3 hours of sleep does to you!), try killing all your processes and restarting SW or the server if you want to be safe. If it consistantly fails to startup then try emailing SW support as I indicated above as it could have hit a database problem.
Dec 6, 2010 at 11:02 UTC
Can't restart the server until after hours, what services could I try to restart?
Dec 6, 2010 at 2:41 UTC
GreyRose LLC is an IT service provider.
When I upgraded, it did not take that long, only about 30 minutes for the database upgrade. Having said that, I'll qualify it with the fact that we have over 1,000 devices and upwards of 10,000 tickets. Despite that, and running on a VM, it was a very flawless upgrade. What took a long time was setting up a new, clean VM on 64 bit 2008 R2 with nothing else on it. Having a clean VM and dedicating it to Spiceworks helps a lot for performance in my environment as Spiceworks is not multi-threaded and we have 15+ techs using it.
I would suggest that you do a defrag, with the Spiceworks service off, and schedule with the support team at spiceworks for a timed outage where they can take your entire backup file and compress and clean up the database and records. They have some scripts to remove a lot of extra data that's unnecessary, and when I migrated, I had given them a 4.7 backup and gotten back a 5.0 CLEAN backup. Yes, I cheated a little, but only because Tabrez told me to at Spiceworld.
Dec 6, 2010 at 4:23 UTC
Reboot seemed to fix the issue, thanks for all your replies.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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As Heidi Klum says every episode of Project Runway: one day you're in and the next you're out. There are so many arbitrary rules of fashion it makes my head spin. When exactly does something go from being "last season" to "vintage"? Why aren't we "allowed" to wear white after labor day? Why aren't you "supposed" to where socks with sandals or polka dots with stripes? At the same time, it seems like these boundaries are more malleable than rigid. "The code is more like guidelines". Remember when it was the epitome of tacky to rock a denim-on-denim look? I can't even begin to count how many of those looks paraded down the runway this season that were exactly that. I love fashion, but I can't help but laugh at it's endlessly baffling contradicting elitism. Those rules are meant to keep you trendy, to keep you ahead of style, to make you unique, like everyone else. But, of course, you know that, I'm just rambling to sound pseudo-intellectual. I digress, quite a bit. I have a love-hate relationship with High Fashion. I lust after Ready-to-Wear (if it wasn't obvious from my New York fashion week blog post), but I'm also a bit indignant about how the industry is built to kind of beat you down for not being en vogue while it simultaneously champions unique artistry. I guess the point I'm making is I'm going to wear my last season Alexander Wang x H&M top and not feel like a dork about it. I'm also going to ignore the absolute irony of me building myself up on my supposed individuality while steadily hitting each trend I possibly can. Black & white? Check. A-line skirt? Check. 90s inspired platform wedges? Check. My health goth aesthetic points are basically OVER 9000! Like the industry I love, I am full of delightful contradictions.
In other news: I found a baseball cap that fits my ginormous head and I'm very happy about that.


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Compact Fluorescent Floodlight Market research report is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of this market. Various definitions and classification of the industry, applications of the industry and chain structure are given. Present day status of the Compact Fluorescent Floodlight market in key regions is stated and industry policies and news are analysed.
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Lirolay Suites
Av. Bustillo Km 7, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina –
Excellent location – rated 9.6/10! (score from 124 reviews)
Rated by guests after their stay at Lirolay Suites.
|Room Type
Double Room
Superior Double Room
Triple Room
Area Info –
Closest Landmarks
- Capilla de San Eduardo 1 miles
- Otto Hill 1.8 miles
- White Stones winter center 2.1 miles
- Serena Bay 2.8 miles
- Gutiérrez Lake 3.7 miles
- Tresor Casino 3.8 miles
- Andino Bariloche Club 4.1 miles
- Civic Center 4.1 miles
- Cerro Catedral Ski Resort 4.4 miles
- Telecabina Amancay 4.4 miles
Most Popular Landmarks
- Campanario Hill 5.7 miles
- Circuito Chico 7.7 miles
- Pañuelo Port 8.5 miles
- Llao Llao 9 miles
- Huemul Peninsula 10 miles
Restaurants & Markets
- El Patacon Restaurant 0 miles
- Supermarket 0.1 miles
- Market 0.1 miles
Natural Beauty
- Catedral Mountain 6.8 miles
- Nahuel Huapi Lake 0 miles
Closest Airports
- San Carlos De Bariloche Airport 11.9 miles
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6 Reasons to Choose Lirolay Suites
Prices you can't beat!
Manage your bookings online
The staff speaks English
Booking is safe
One of our top picks in San Carlos de Bariloche
Facilities of Lirolay Suites Great facilities! Review score, 9.6
Most Popular Facilities
- Beachfront
- Sun Deck
- Private Beach Area
- Terrace
- Grounds
Health & Wellness Facilities
- Hot Tub/Jacuzzi
- Massage
- Ski Equipment Rental (on site)
- Ski School (additional charge)
- Ski Storage
Pets are allowed on request. Charges may apply.
- Hiking (additional charge)
- Canoeing (additional charge)
- Library
- Bicycle Rental (additional charge)
- Skiing
- Fishing (additional charge)
Food & Drink
- Special Diet Meals (upon request)
- Snack Bar
- Breakfast in the Room
- Bar
Free! WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Free! Free private parking is available on site (reservation is not needed).
Front Desk Services
- Concierge Service
- Baggage Storage
- Tour Desk
- Currency Exchange
- 24-Hour Front Desk
Cleaning Services
- Daily Housekeeping
- Ironing Service (additional charge)
- Dry Cleaning (additional charge)
- Laundry (additional charge)
Business Facilities
- Fax/Photocopying
- Shared Lounge/TV Area
- Airport Shuttle (additional charge)
- Shuttle Service (additional charge)
- All Spaces Non-Smoking (public and private)
- Hypoallergenic Room Available
- Heating
- Car Rental
- Souvenir/Gift Shop
- Safe
- Honeymoon Suite
- VIP Room Facilities
- Facilities for Disabled Guests
- Non-Smoking Rooms
- Room Service
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- Portuguese
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Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to room type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check what conditions apply to your preferred room.
Children and Extra Beds
All children are welcome.
One child under 3 years stays free of charge when using existing beds.
One child under 2 years stays free of charge in a crib.
One older child or adult is charged USD 49 per night when using existing beds.
The maximum number of extra beds/cribs in a room is 1.
Additional fees are not calculated automatically in the total cost and will have to be paid for separately during your stay.
Pets are allowed on request. Charges may apply.
Cards accepted at this property
Hover over the cards for more info.
Please note the based on local tax laws, all Argentinian citizens and resident foreigners must pay an additional fee (VAT) of 21%. Only foreigners who pay with a foreign credit card, debit card or via bank transfer are exempt from this 21% additional fee (VAT) in accommodation and breakfast when presenting a foreign passport or a foreign ID along with a supporting document handed by the national migrations authority, if applicable.


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Hi Maureen, I wanted to thank you again for making this weekend such a wonderful experience. I am so excited to come back next year and work with the wonderful team again. I wanted to ask what cosmetology school we have the scholarship to?? Thank you!!
Hello Maureen,
I am so grateful to have placed 2nd runner up. I have had the best experience with the Miss Oregon USA pageant and I look forward to the opportunities pageantry may give me in the future. I would love to receive more information on Lindenwood University. A scholarship for online schooling is something I would have a hard time passing up!…Thank you,
Hello Maureen,
It was so great meeting you and having you as the director to my first pageant. It was such a pleasant experience and I definitely feel more confident and stronger from it. I'm wishing you all the best with pageant preparations for Miss Idaho USA and Miss Washington USA. I'm sure we will be in touch. Thank you for being so positive and uplifting 🙂
Zeycan Rochelle Yildirim
Hi Maureen…I've been having dark times lately going through some dark horrible things and doing the pageant and having that amazing experience has truly kept me distracted by the bad things currently going on in my life. I loved what I was able to experience with your company and would love to pursue it as much as possible!…Having this helped me through dark times and made me see the light and better things in life. It's kept me away from bad things in life and it's been a blessing! I was hoping I could still be a part of what you guys do in some way, if possible.
Dear NWP Team,
You guys rocked it for Miss OR USA! Thank you for making each and every girl feel beautiful and celebrated both on and off stage. I can't believe it's already been a week but I' already looking forward to next year. We are all excited to see what great things the NWP Team does this upcoming year – especially when one of the girls brings home that Miss USA title! Best of luck as you continue to crown titleholders and see you next year!
Bailey Breving
Hi all,
I wanted to start by saying thank you so much for all that you do!! You guys run such an incredible program, and as I mentioned to David and Maureen on Monday, I have competed under many directors and boards and Pageants NW goes above and beyond!…Again, thank you so much for all that you do: for motivating me and believing in me, for being a shoulder to cry on and not giving up on me. Thank you,
Stephanie Matheson


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I like a guy very much,I care for him as well, I know he likes me too ...we are friends ...but because of him having a girlfriend I'm being very distant to him and he's also being very distant to me, but he gets absolutely crazy when other guys are hitting on me to the point that he will give me an attitude or insult me and then feel bad about it later on. It's been months and he is still in a relationship with his girl ... so I don't understand, why is he doing this to me ? It is frustrating me, because I want to be his friend, but I can't because of his attitude towards my love life.
Most Helpful Girl
His actions should speak wonders about what kind of boyfriend and person he is. Would you want to be the girlfriend in this scenario? Definitely don't attempt to make him a boyfriend, and if he can't act like a good friend (which it seems like he can't with his insults), then back away from him completely. You're single, he has no right to insult you for your love life. Quite hypocritical if you ask me, considering he's the one emotionally cheating on his girl.00|00|0


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Photo (Above): Tai Chi class at the Diana H. Jones Senior Center
See NY1's story on preventing falls, which features the Diana H. Jones center's Tai Chi class.
We provide services to over 6,000 seniors per year and cook approximately 757,500 hot, nutritious meals per year (serving 1,300 per day). Our senior services provide a wide variety of educational and health promotion services such as:
All of these services enhance the lives of seniors and their families residing in our communities. These programs allow seniors to be engaged and connected and allow for opportunities for life-long learning. Our homebound services offer essential services and linkages allowing seniors to remain safely in their homes.
RBSCC's origins began in 1973 at the Ridgewood Bushwick Senior Center at 319 Stanhope St. Brooklyn. Through a multi-service approach, this senior center has provided nutritional, health promotion and social services for seniors 60 and older for over 42 years. The center continues to serve seniors from various backgrounds and cultures residing in the Bushwick and Ridgewood neighborhoods.
Our expertise in running this active, diverse center allowed RBSCC to expand our services to 8 other senior centers and clubs in Bushwick, Williamsburg and Bedford Stuyvesant. Each center offers a wide range of programming that promotes the physical and emotional well-being of our members.
RBSCC's case management services assist an average of 800 residents on a daily basis.
We prepare and deliver a robust 1,300 hot nutritious meals per day.
Seniors in RBSCC's residences receive supportive housing services to ensure their well-being.
At Moffat Gardens, seniors live in their own apartment with an increased level of care to support their independence.
The Respite Center assists families of the elderly in maintaining their loved ones at home by providing caregivers with temporary relief from their 24-hour responsibilities.
The Buena Vida Center provides high quality and local nursing care on a long-term or short-term basis.


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Disclaimer: This post contains an affiliate link.
Even though stretch marks don't have the same stigma about them that they used to have, that doesn't mean that you necessarily want them on your body. As someone who has had stretch marks on my hips and arms since middle school, I'm familiar with how they look, feel and their way of making you a little more self-conscious in certain types of clothing.
My familiarity with them and my desire to want to wear crop tops during the summer really inspired me to take extra care to protect my tummy from getting any during my pregnancy.


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Most Helpful Guy
Drive until the car gives in, with the music on10|10|0
Drive until the car gives in, with the music on
Have an opinion?
Spend all my money doing random acts of kindness. Then snag aome random dude and finally have sex. ;)
Pray and spend my last hours with my loved ones.
I would rather spend my time with my parents siblings and friends than have sex if I'm effin gonna die in 2 days
do as much things i want as possible
Sex sex sex sex sex sex sex sex
Sex for days, non stop, eat while going at it, stop for pee breaks XDDDD
But not as fun~ c:
spend it with the people i love.
Go surfing, eat my fave foods and fuck my SO until we can't no more lol :P
Call my crush, tell her we need to meet up, confess to her, spend time with her if she wants, then I dunno.
Give all the girls i always wanted to kiss... Kisses
try and email Olivia Wilde to see if she would accompany me for my last dinner,
and spend time with my family lol!
Probably eat as much bacon as I can. I never heard them say there's bacon in heaven so...
Go around raping all the hot girls.
You're an ass c:
Fuck every hot (and disease free) girl willing to have consensual sex with me.
Write my will.
Say goodbye to all my family and friends.
Talk to God.
Might go say hi to my enemy.
I think that's it.
Oh shit and eat my favorite foods.
LOL true.
You cannot undo this action. The opinion owner is going to be notified and earn 7 XPER points.


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Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus, also known as 'Golden staph', is important from both a medical and food perspective. About half of us carry this organism in our skin and nasal passages. If you have an infected cut or sore, it can contain large numbers of Staph. Keep any cuts or sores well covered if you are handling foods.
Animals and poultry also carry this bacteria on their bodies and all raw meat and poultry products should be handled as though they are contaminated. Raw milk can also be a source of this bacteria. It likes to grow in salty and sweet foods, for example those containing custard, hams, frankfurters, salads, cream-filled bakery products etc.
The important thing to remember is that Staphylococcus aureus produces a heat stable toxin as it grows and it is the toxin that makes you sick. If it is allowed to grow in food the toxin will remain even if the food is cooked again. The toxin takes only a very short time to make you sick (one to six hours) and causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhoea as the usual symptoms.


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Saunders salutes Daggers fans
Departing Dagenham winger Sam Saunders has saluted the club's fans after completing his move to Brentford.
By Chris Galea
Last Updated: 19/06/09 12:15pm
Departing Dagenham & Redbridge winger Sam Saunders has saluted the club's fans after he completed his move to League One newcomers Brentford last week.
The 25-year-old joined the Bees alongside fellow Daggers Danny Foster and Ben Strevens after they missed out on a play-off spot on the final day of last season.
He admits that he is relishing the challenge that awaits him at Griffin Park, but first heaped praise on those who made his time at Dagenham so enjoyable.
"I owe Dagenham and John Still a lot and the fans have been brilliant with me since I joined the club," he told skysports.com.
"They don't get a great number of fans coming through the turnstiles, but the ones who do come to the games always give their 100 per cent support and have been a massive part of the club's success.
"It's sad to leave the club because they are on the up at the moment, but it was time to start a new chapter in my career and hopefully the Brentford fans will take to me like the Daggers fans did."
The former Carshalton Athletic midfielder has never played at League One level, but was a trainee at QPR, and he is hoping to take the step up in his stride.
"It's a great opportunity for me to see what I can do in League One," he added.
"Last season we (Dagenham) proved all the doubters wrong and came within a whisker of getting into the play-off mix and this was a chance I couldn't refuse.
"If I turned it down I might never get the chance to play at this level again, so as hard as it was to leave the fans behind I had to make the move to progress my career."


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In the event of a no show or cancellation with less than 7 days notice prior to the date of arrival, an amount equivalent to 100% of the total booking value will be charged.
We accept all major credit cards (except Diners), eurocheque, travellers cheque & cash.
Check-in from: 14:00 hrs / Check out by: 12:00 hrs


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