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Resources for Universities - New National Qualifications
The new National 1 to Advanced Higher qualifications are replacing the previous and existing National Qualifications you may already be familiar with.
What is changing?
The table shows how the new National Qualifications replace the previous or existing National Qualifications.
|SCQF level
|Previous or existing National Qualifications
|Replaced by
|New National Qualifications
|Advanced Higher
|A to D
|Advanced Higher
|A to D
|A to D
|A to D
|Intermediate 2
|A to D
|National 5
|A to D
|Standard Grade (Credit level)
|1 or 2
|Intermediate 1
|A to D
|National 4
|Not graded
|Standard Grade (General level)
|3 or 4
|Standard Grade (Foundation level)
|5 or 6
|National 3
|Not graded
|Access 3
|Not graded
|Access 2
|Not graded
|National 2
|Not graded
|Access 1
|Not graded
|National 1
|Not graded
When are the new qualifications being introduced?
National 1 to Higher are now being delivered in schools and colleges across Scotland, and the new Advanced Higher will be introduced in August 2015.
When will young people start to leave school or college with the new Highers and Advanced Highers?
Young people will start to leave school with new Highers from June 2015, and new Advanced Highers from June 2016.
When does final certification of the existing qualifications take place?
Final certification of Standard Grades took place in August 2013. Final certification of the existing Access, Intermediate, Higher and Advanced Higher qualifications will take place in August 2015.
How is SQA working with the higher education sector?
We are continuing to engage with universities on the new National Qualifications and are meeting with admissions tutors and other staff on an ongoing basis. We also attend regular meetings with UCAS officers and we engage with Universities Scotland, Universities UK and other higher education institution mission groups.
University policies on the new National Qualifications
Universities across Scotland have published policies which outline their position regarding CfE and the new National Qualifications.
Rest of the UK
Universities Scotland has also published a paper aimed at universities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland regarding CfE reforms in Scottish school education. This paper will be useful for universities across the rest of the UK who receive applications from young people in Scotland. It will help them to understand these changes and what the implications may be for their admissions policies.
Further information
Download this handy guide for universities (437 KB) to the new National Qualifications.
You can also view our guides for schools, parents, learners, universities and employers.
Sign up for myAlerts to receive regular updates when new information is added to the website.


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(FRESHERS) Walk-In @ 'IBM INDIA' : BE / B.Tech / MCA / BCA / B.Sc / M.Sc : Mainframe Freshers : On 11-13 Jan 2010
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|2010-08-08, 16:25
|Link #861
Writer, Jester, MtG nerd
wasn't it stated el hazard and ancient belkan got done in by mass based weapons hence the ban?
also the 'one person' who can do that, is the villain to be stopped
|2010-08-08, 16:29
|Link #862
But I will do you the courtesy of answering your post, because this seems to have flown right past you the past few times it was mentioned.
It was NEVER the argument that Magic couldn't be as destructive as mass-based weapons. The argument was always: "Magic is more versatile, flexible, and capable of being safer to use than mass-based weapons." Magic can kill and can blow up, but it can do so much more; it can pound through several layers of walls to strike out and knock out someone on the other side with no lasting harm.
Mass-based weapons can ONLY kill. The other part of the argument is that ANYONE can use a mass-based weapon. Therefore you can pump out billions of them and arm people to the teeth. Wheras magic needs a mage and those can be better controlled.
|2010-08-08, 16:38
|Link #864
Part-Time TTK & Master
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Iwakawa base and Chaldea
Age: 37
"Metafiction" point of view is the only way I could try rationalize TSAB being inept. (well, yeah, no one cares about grunts and they are here to make the core cast look good anyway! Rule of cool and all)
|2010-08-08, 17:02
|Link #865
Given the choice, would you honestly go with just a gun, or would you go with magic as laid down by the series? Because to me, and many other people, magic looks damn appealing. It can basically do whatever you need it to.
So either you take the option with one choice. Or take you take the option with dozens of choices.
|2010-08-08, 17:09
|Link #866
Writer, Jester, MtG nerd
Actually, nanoha is very nice to grunts. the very first red shirt scenario, they were recalled and 'saved' as it were.
I don't think my arguments are being considered :/
|2010-08-08, 17:11
|Link #867
Part-Time TTK & Master
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Iwakawa base and Chaldea
Age: 37
|2010-08-08, 17:32
|Link #868
By the way, remember to ignore the point in your next post, about how magic can stop people without any risk of death or injury. Only by ignoring it, can you continue to try and argue your points!
|2010-08-08, 17:54
|Link #869
Part-Time TTK & Master
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Iwakawa base and Chaldea
Age: 37
And no, just because you take the Somalia example does not mean that the TSAB grunts or Mid civvies will suddenly cast the Firearm Apocalypse on Mid!
|2010-08-08, 18:17
|Link #871
Adeptus Animus
Join Date: Jan 2007
Age: 29
|2010-08-08, 18:22
|Link #872
But you really think mass-producing guns will somehow make everyone safer?
Are all those deaths worth the chance that maybe, in some rare hypothetical situation, might save a person. Or two. Possibly.
Or to put it another way: Homicide rates in the United States are two to four times higher than they are in countries that are economically and politically similar to it. Higher rates are found in developing countries and those with political instability.
The graph there shows about 10,000 deaths by handguns each year in the US. How many people are you willing to sacrifice in the name of safety and security? Just tell me that, because I can respect a decision to kill some people in order to make some others safer. I wouldn't agree with it, but I could understand it. It would make a lot more sense than tossing a bunch of guns out there just to see what happens.
|2010-08-09, 00:56
|Link #873
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2007
Compare that to the single point "system" apparently beloved by the TSAB when it comes to the Arcenciel.
What you are seeing in StrikerS is a temporary period in which CAMF training outpaces the speed that Scarlietti can (or wants to) upgrade the AMF. However, we already know this is a game that is ultimately won by AMF so given enough time and need and what we know of the energy output potential of Jewel Seeds, Scarlietti will almost certainly come out with a "Full-Shafter". If he is given more warning by mass training in CAMF (which will take years to implement), he'll be forced to change his tradeoffs and upgrade, and in good time. In which cases he'll be ahead of the Aces and Forwards in the curve, and they may well die in the first battle. Intentionally or unintentionally, a case can be made that Regius really saved our heroes by banning AMF training.
If you want to see the real balance between talent and training, consider how fast Nanoha became a threat. Talent is 9 parts of the equation, especially as you reach the real elite.
Besides, the main point in that paragraph was to point out the sheer lack of control the TSAB has over their magical weapons, which shafts any theoretical advantages they may have. Don't shift the topic.
1) Though there was confusion, no nukes were lost. Which means the control was better than you thought it was.
2) Nukes were lost but they never made it to the other side. Ditto.
3) Nukes actually made it to the other side but they can't use it. Which means the technical difficulty is higher than you thought.
4) Nukes actually made it to the other side, they can use it, but they don't. Which means human nature is more rational, or at least more self-preserving, than you thought.
|2010-08-09, 01:57
|Link #874
The Resurrector
Join Date: Sep 2007
The idea of the reproductive system was to mimic the pattern or attribute of your guns to nuclear weapons analogy. They are definitely and meant to be not the same thing, but the correlation between them is clear.
When you said guns led to nuclear weapons, I countered by alleging the understanding of the reproductive system led to an increase of rapes and premarital sex.
Both analogies follow the same pattern: discovery of something leads to something bad (this is what is called shared abstraction, if you don't already know). So, since both discoveries are bad, one viable option is to ban them from human knowledge, which is what the context in Nanohaverse is about. The outcome of this ban should be what you and I want: the reduction (or better yet, total annihilation) of the bad things from the discoveries.
But, we know that it is not the case; nuclear weapon proliferation (and in my case, increased rapes and premarital sex) will happen one way or another even if mankind were not to know about guns (and in my case, the reproductive system). Advancement does not happen in a singular cause-and-effect scenario, so it invalidates this argument of yours that I specifically replied to:
And if you don't understand why pebble was mentioned, I had specifically made it easier to understand in the same post (which I presume you just gloss over them):
In response to your other point for this "one-time threat", they are still needing time to perfect these new prototypes when they could've easily deployed normal mass-based weapons (which they have a knowledge of) to deal with the threat quickly. If you're countering with "founding principles", please do go have a look at what I replied to Keroko in the Manga thread.
Or, to prevent laziness:
If you see in certain countries, the normal people are never allowed to own a gun. But, despite the law, aggression and violence still happen (and probably rising). So, we can't ever draw a direct correlation between the two points.
We don't know if "dumb" weapons are effective against magic (since we're never given the chance to examine them ), but these "dumb" weapons can be used readily on the threat right now we're wondering why it is not done so (which somehow led to this debate).
|2010-08-09, 07:21
|Link #875
Utu Class Planetoid
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: Reading, UK
Its not like they haven't brought any of them and none of the others would individually be as useful.
|2010-08-09, 07:45
|Link #876
Utu Class Planetoid
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: Reading, UK
The last year for which we have figures violent crime dropped 3% in England and Wales. So no violence is not probably rising despite the recession.
|2010-08-09, 07:48
|Link #877
Writer, Jester, MtG nerd
The primary argument against handguns is the 'dumb' factor. Not everyone is a mage in Nanohaverse and even fewer are WMD variety. We don't need NPC gang violence. They have limiters for a reason too. I don't care if you say 100 or so, that is still a very small number compared to what the US arsenal has of their own brand of luls.
I don't think its a problem if the series itself questions the weapon types allowed.
Last edited by itanshi1; 2010-08-09 at 08:10.
|2010-08-09, 07:56
|Link #878
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2007
Stunning is usual, but it also has limitations. The evidence suggests that it is more of an incremental improvement on our "less-lethal" stuff than something that is inherently non-lethal. And like real "less lethal" rounds, magical rounds are slow - in fact, it is harder to make them non-lethal as they get faster, just like real rounds.
Pass through various materials. Well, if you have AOE capability or Windelshaft. The average mage will still have to do it the old fashion way.
Be tuned for various effects. Sometimes, but again something not really available to the rank and file.
Bind, OK. Capture is kind of like bind.
Shield, OK, but we are going from offensive applications to defensive.
Put out fires ... another rare one as far as can be seen. Most are still relying on those ridiculous puff puff extinguishers.
Protect from various gases. Yes, they have proven to have limited NBC capability, but only if they are prepared. Unlike a gas suit, if they are hit by a sudden attack, they'll die before they can adapt.
Fly, OK though that's a medium rare, and you forgot heal.
As something for the gendarmie magic is pretty nice. As something for operations closer to the military end of the spectrum, in comparison to even our own rounds (let alone something that an interdimensional civilization can dream up), they lack speed, range and in an environment that uses magic as well, concealment.
|2010-08-09, 08:20
|Link #879
Utu Class Planetoid
Join Date: Jul 2007
Location: Reading, UK
When it is conscription plus making them dependent on ongoing support from the military or finding someway of substituting for it after they end their term of service?
Not to mention TSAB doesn't practice conscription [Suberu wouldn't have had the option not to join the military if that were the case.]. It occasionally appears to use military service as a form of voluntary criminal restitution but that isn't of the level of conscription.
It makes you good in a fight or a disaster but I'll note Suberu didn't end up with the quiet and peaceful life she wanted. She hasn't even despite her professional specialization not including combat managed to keep from being thrown into combat regularly.
|2010-08-09, 08:58
|Link #880
Senior Member
Join Date: Jul 2007
In any case, personally I'm long past the point when I can just assume they know best in the face of everything else.
Among OECD countries, America does have a fairly high crime, including homicide, rate. On the other hand, it is far from clear how much of it is due to guns and how much of it is due to subtle cultural and geographic factors.
And ultimately, "too high a moral price" has to be weighed against the opposite end, which in Mid can be extremely heavy. National security / world threatening heavy, which is not a scenario familiar to our world. An increased ability to deal with those threats is worth a lot in Midchildra.
|Thread Tools


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Question: A campus wide survey was done at St Andrews University
A campus wide survey was done at St. Andrews University (total enrollment: 12,600 students) to determine student opinions regarding a number of issues. Five hundred students were selected at random for the survey. One of the questions asked was, "Do you plan to devote at least one year of your life to public service?" Responses are listed below.
View Solution:
Use a chi square test of independence to test a null hypothesis that student response is independent of class membership for the student population at the university. That is, determine whether sample results would cause us to believe that student responses would differ by class for the population of 12,600 students. Use a significance level of 5% for your test.
View Solution:
Answer to relevant QuestionsRefer to Exercise 36. For the sample data reported there, compute the proportion of students in each class who answered' yes' to the survey question. Following the approach described in Section 14.1 for testing ...In a research study conducted to assess how companies view their long term economic prospects, representatives from 50 large companies, 100 midsized companies, and 200 small companies were contacted and interviewed. In the ...The Labor Department recently released a report on job changing patterns in the US. Included in the report were results from a survey of 1000 workers from each of four job classifications. In the sample of 1000 restaurant ...Last season's football game between two unbeaten teams, the University of Oregon and Oregon State University, ended on a controversial call. Oregon thought that it had won the game on the final play with a spectacular ...You have selected a sample to use in testing a null hypothesis that Factor A and Factor B are independent. Your job is to fill in the missing frequencies in the partially completed frequency tables below and then calculate ...
Post your question


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Slide Shows
1 Attachment(s)
11/11/09 - I updated the show. I wasn't real satisfied with the first iteration so, here's HAZMAN'S TRUCKS II !!!
So I thought I'd share a slideshow I've made that features some cool renders of Dodge Trucks made by HAZMAN.
Click on the link below. You may be asked to download the "PhotoDex Presenter". Don't be worried, it's benign and allows your computer's ActiveX controls to display the video.
When you go to the link, the video will buffer for a few moments. It won't take long depending on your connection type and speed.
Click on the avatar in the middle of the video display window. Once the video comes up a hidden toolbar at the bottom of the window will be visible. To the right is a "Full Screen" button. Click on that for the full screen experience.
Turn on your speakers or plug in your headphones and enjoy!
And...I have a lot more slideshows to share if you want. Cars, drag racing, more HAZMAN renders of the 300-Charger-Magnum cars, my own photos, etc...
So if ya want to see more, post up!
Nice slide show Mike . You always do a nice job on them . Whos the artist playing ?
hmmm...that's Joe Satriani, Tom.
Thanks . Will have to go check some of his music out . Like it . Any particular Cd I should look at ?
Here's the titles of the CD's I have:
Crystal Planet
Engines of Creation*
Is There Love In Space?
One Big Rush
Professor Satchafunkilus and The Musterion*
Strange Beautiful Music *
Super Colossal*
Surfing With The Alien
My faves of the bunch are marked with an *
Thanks will check them out .
I updated the show...wasn't totally pleased with my first effort.
Really good show. I love Satriani! Phenomenal at guitar!
Great job on the animation and slideshow. The trucks are just incredible.
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Office Cleaning
Excellent Opportunity to Retain Office or Residential Cleaning Service. I have served clients in the Las Cruces Area for 16 years and have maintained excellent working relationship with over 20 residences and local area businesses.
I recently have new openings and can take on new clients.
Don't miss this opportunity to retain my services.


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Eylure Lift Off Individual False Lash Remover is perfect for taking off your lashes in a pain-free manner! Don't pull your natural lashes out when removing your weekend lashes - instead use this high quality remover. It's specially formulated to dissolve Eylure Superfix glue.
Removing semi-permanent lashes no longer has to be a painful experience. Follow the enclosed instructions and you'll see that false lash removal can be quick, easy and pain-free. Each box contains one 6ml bottle of Eylure Lift Off. Don't pay over the odds for your Eylure Lift Off and don't wait weeks for it to arrive - all orders placed here at FalseEyelashes.co.uk come with completely FREE 1st Class postage. Order yours right now!
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Again a fast and efficient service can't recommend this company enough!! I will not be shopping anywhere else for my lashes great prices and quick delivery VERY HAPPY :)


text:
Pop art is so named because of its focus on popular culture. This is what makes it one of the easiest and most fun art forms--you get to draw stuff you see in everyday life. Fine lines, excruciating detail and other stuff that makes you want to throw away your marker in despair aren't found in the pop art movement. You can draw pop art with some bold supplies and a few helpful hints.
Choose your medium. Drawing pop art works best with thick markers, paint pens and thick slabs of charcoal. Pop art is not a place for pastels and fine pencil lines.
Use clean lines and shapes. There's no fuzzy stuff here. Avoid feathery details, subtle shading and other techniques that weigh down the drawing. Keep it sleek and clean. You want your pop art to pop off the page.
Go for a popular subject. Automobiles, French fries, baseball and, yes, even apple pie are mainstream American topics. Opt for them or something similar for its high visibility and instant recognition.
Be bold. Striking black and white works great with pop art. If you must add color, pick a vivid and highly noticeable neon and use sparingly for a punchy effect. Let your main subject speak for itself and not be forced to compete with anything else on the page.
Play with perspective. Pop art likes to be zany, and nothing will bring that out more than making your main subject 800 times larger than anything surrounding it.
Use duplication. Pop art plays out well when you reproduce the same image several times. Think of your main apple pie surrounded by several, smaller apple pies or, better yet, on a page filled with tiny, bold apples.
Tips & Warnings
- Pop art is supposed to be fun. Make sure you are having fun while you are drawing it and that amusement will shine through.
Related Searches
- Photo Credit Illustration by Ryn Gargulinski
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One way to make your photographs more interesting is by applying a pop art effect using Photoshop. Andy Warhol is probably the...
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Cubism art involves using pencils to create a variety of objects from as many sides as possible. Draw cubism art with help...


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Strawberry Coconut Cream Soda
Recipe by Annacia
Coconut milk is cool and refreshing. Its subtle sweetness shines in this summery drink recipe. Loaded with fresh strawberries, it's a yummy way to cool down on a hot day.
Top Review by Baby Kato
Wow, 5 stars all day long girlfriend. This lovely treat is perfect, flavorful and very refreshing. I really loved the combination of flavors in this quick and easy to make soda. My coconut milk did seperate but I didn't care, still tastes great. It's just the thing for these hot summer days we are experiencing. Thanks for sharing a new family favorite, even the dh enjoyed this one.
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 cups fresh strawberries, halved
- 2⁄3 cup sugar (or Splenda)
- 3⁄4 cup refrigerated coconut milk
- 3 -4 cups club soda or 3 -4 cups carbonated water, chilled
- fresh strawberries, sliced (as many as you like)
Directions See How It's Made
- In a medium bowl combine the 3 cups of strawberries and sugar; stir well to combine. Use a pastry blender to coarsely mash the strawberries.
- Place 1/3 cup of the mashed berries in each of six glasses. To each glass add ice, 2 tablespoons coconut milk, and 1/2 to 2/3 cup club soda.
- Add as many sliced berries as you wish into glasses and stir drinks just before serving.


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Justin Theroux & Grant Bowler Want You To Know Their Balls Are Just As Big As Jon Hamm's
I mean, right? Justin Theroux went brief-less filming a jogging scene for his new movie yesterday, while the "Liz & Dick" actor brought his moose knuckle to the "Despicable Me" 2″ premiere. Settle down, guys. Jon Hamm doesn't even want the title of "Most Obviously Big Balled Actor In Hollywood." Let's not be so competitive. There's plenty of room in Hollywood for all of your impressive packages. [Photos: Splash News]


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 10, 2008
|Filing date
|Dec 28, 2004
|Priority date
|Dec 28, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Daoshen Bi, Robert L. Jones, Tung-Feng Yeh, Scott D. Haigh
|Original Assignee
|Digimarc Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (52), Referenced by (23), Classifications (15), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to document laminate structures, such as those used in identification documents, and related methods for making these laminate structures.
Identification documents (hereafter "ID documents") play a critical role in today's society. One example of an ID document is an identification card ("ID card"). ID documents are used on a daily basis—to prove identity, to verify age, to access a secure area, to evidence driving privileges, to cash a check, and so on. Airplane passengers are required to show an ID document during check in, security screening and prior to boarding their flight. In addition, because we live in an ever-evolving cashless society, ID documents are used to make payments, access an automated teller machine (ATM), debit an account, or make a payment, etc.
(For the purposes of this disclosure, ID documents are broadly defined herein, and include, e.g., credit cards, bank cards, phone cards, passports, driver's licenses, network access cards, employee badges, debit cards, security cards, smart cards (e.g., cards that include one more semiconductor chips, such as memory devices, microprocessors, and microcontrollers), contact cards, contactless cards, proximity cards (e.g., radio frequency (RFID) cards), visas, immigration documentation, national ID cards, citizenship cards, social security cards, security badges, certificates, identification cards or documents, voter registration cards, police ID cards, border crossing cards, legal instruments, security clearance badges and cards, gun permits, gift certificates or cards, membership cards or badges, etc., etc. Also, the terms "document," "card," "badge" and "documentation" are used interchangeably throughout this patent application.).
Many types of identification cards and documents, such as driving licenses, national or government identification cards, bank cards, credit cards, controlled access cards and smart cards, carry certain items of information which relate to the identity of the bearer. Examples of such information include name, address, birth date, signature and photographic image; the cards or documents may in addition carry other variable data (i.e., data specific to a particular card or document, for example an employee number) and invariant data (i.e., data common to a large number of cards, for example the name of an employer). All of the cards described above will be generically referred to as "ID documents".
Referring to
To protect the information that is printed, an additional layer of transparent overlaminate 24 can be coupled to the card blank and printed information. Illustrative examples of usable materials for overlaminates include biaxially oriented polyester or other optically clear durable plastic film.
"Laminate" and "overlaminate" include, but are not limited to film and sheet products. Laminates used in documents include substantially transparent polymers. Examples of laminates used in documents include polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, cellulose ester, polyolefin, polysulfone, and polyamide. Laminates can be made using either an amorphous or biaxially oriented polymer. The laminate can comprise a plurality of separate laminate layers, for example a boundary layer and/or a film layer.
The degree of transparency of the laminate can, for example, be dictated by the information contained within the identification document, the particular colors and/or security features used, etc. The thickness of the laminate layers can vary and is typically about 1-20 mils. Lamination of any laminate layer(s) to any other layer of material (e.g., a core layer) can be accomplished using a lamination process.
In ID documents, a laminate can provide a protective covering for the printed substrates and provides a level of protection against unauthorized tampering (e.g., a laminate would have to be removed to alter the printed information and then subsequently replaced after the alteration.). Various lamination processes are disclosed in assignee's U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,783,024, 6,007,660, 6,066,594, and 6,159,327. Other lamination processes are disclosed, e.g., in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,283,188 and 6,003,581. A co-extruded lamination technology described in this document also appears in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/692,463. Each of these U.S. Patents and applications is herein incorporated by reference.
The material(s) from which a laminate is made may be transparent, but need not be. Laminates can include synthetic resin-impregnated or coated base materials composed of successive layers of material, bonded together via heat, pressure, and/or adhesive. Laminates also includes security laminates, such as a transparent laminate material with proprietary security technology features and processes, which protects documents of value from counterfeiting, data alteration, photo substitution, duplication (including color photocopying), and simulation by use of materials and technologies that are commonly available. Laminates also can include thermosetting materials, such as epoxy.
In a typical ID document, one or more laminate layers are joined together with the substrate, possibly including other security devices, such as holograms, integrated circuits, optical memory, RFID tag, etc. to form a complete document. These laminate layers are designed to enhance the durability and security of the identification documents. From the standpoint of durability, the laminate should increase the document's ability to withstand wear and tear experienced in the field, including heat and humidity that can compromise the integrity of the document structure.
From the standpoint of security, an identification document should be difficult to tamper with and/or provide clear evidence of tampering. In particular, the various layers of the document, including the laminate, should be difficult to separate or intrude into. Attempts at intrusion or alteration should ideally show evidence of intrusion/alteration or severely damage the document and/or mar the information contained in it.
The invention provides security features for ID documents and methods for making these features and the documents that include them. Embodiments of these security features provide one or more layers of security, including: 1. variable (e.g., personal) information that links the feature to information on the card and its bearer; 2. optically variable effects that are difficult to reproduce; 3. a unique tactile feel on the surface of the document; 4. obvious tamper evidence and/or intrusion detection; and 5. use of ink formulations that enhance security, such as optical variance, fluorescence, invisible inks (e.g., UV or IR inks), inks that contain taggants specific to the document issuer, etc.
One aspect of the invention is a method of making an identification document. This manufacturing process prints a first material representing first information on a core layer of the document. This first material at least partially overlaps (e.g., partially covers) the core layer. One example of this first printing stage is Xerographic printing of the bearer's information and photo. The process then applies a second material representing second information at least partially overlapping the first material, and cures the second material. One example is ink jet printing of personal information with a UV curable ink in the form of a relief pattern on the core layer. Finally, the process applies a laminate layer over the core layer. The laminate layer covers the first and second materials. The first and second materials adhere differently to the laminate and core layers such that removal of the laminate layer from the core layer causes a separation of the first and second materials.
Another aspect of the invention is a security feature for an identification document. This security feature comprises a first material representing first information printed on a core layer of the document. A second material representing second information at least partially overlaps the first material. This second material is cured on the core layer. A laminate layer is applied over the core layer covering the first and second materials. The first and second materials adhere differently to the laminate and core layers such that removal of the laminate layer from the core layer causes a separation of the first and second materials.
Additional aspects of the invention include ID documents and methods for making the ID documents and parts of ID documents.
The advantages, features, and aspects of embodiments of the invention will be more fully understood in conjunction with the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, wherein:
Of course, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, with emphasis rather being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate like elements or steps. Further, throughout this application, certain indicia, information, identification documents, data, etc., may be shown as having a particular cross sectional shape (e.g., rectangular) but that is provided by way of example and illustration only and is not limiting, nor is the shape intended to represent the actual resultant cross sectional shape that occurs during manufacturing of identification documents.
For purposes of illustration, the following description will proceed with reference to ID document structures (e.g., TESLIN-core or Polycarbonate-core, multi-layered ID documents). It should be appreciated, however, that the invention is not so limited. Indeed, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, the inventive techniques can be applied to many other structures formed in many different ways.
As shown from the cross sectional view, this particular embodiment uses materials and lamination that results in a raised pattern on the surface of the document over the portions of the document where the coating is applied. This raised pattern creates an additional security feature, namely, a tactile feel to the document's surface.
To further demonstrate how this feature may be employed,
Additional dimensions of security are achieved by forming the coating and laminate to create optically variable characteristics and by using materials and manufacturing methods to provide obvious evidence of intrusion and/or tampering of the identification document in the event that a counterfeiter attempts to remove the laminate layer 132.
To elaborate on the point,
In one embodiment of an ID card with this type of feature, our manufacturing process xerographically prints personal information on a base of TESLIN, which serves as a core layer. Ink jet print heads apply a coating of variable data in the form of a UV curable ink (or UV or Electron Beam curable resin). The resultant cured coating of variable data is anchored to the TESLIN core by virtue of the monomers/oligomers penetrating the "fused" toner and having been cured via UV (or EB) radiation. Additionally, the variable data (e.g., text/numbers) are raised proud of the image or surface of the TESLIN base to such an extent as to translate through the laminate to produce a duplicate raised pattern on the card's surface. To accomplish this, the ink jet material should be proud of the image/surface by at least 8 microns and preferably in the 10 to 40 microns. The tactile nature of the surface depends on the height and overall size of the printed/cured features on the core's surface.
The UV formulation is selected to obtain a high bonding of and through the fused toner images comprising the variable data. To enable intrusion detection in one embodiment, the cured composition has little or no adhesion to the innermost surface (usually adhesive) of the document's top laminate. In this case, the finished document has a top laminate that is essentially personalized with information specific to the individual. Additionally, with selection of the proper laminate/toner composition, the fact that the UV cured text/numbers have little or no adhesion to the laminate then allows an extremely discernable intrusion signal since the toner image covered by the UV cured material will remain totally intact and adhered to the core while the greater balance of the personalized data (image and text) will transfer or split or some combination of the two.
An example of a suitable laminate structure for use in this embodiment is a co-extruded laminate formed from two different polyester layers 100, 102. Additional polymer layers may also be included. A first laminate layer 100 forms the outer surface of the document structure. It comprises a first polyester material selected for its durability. In particular, a durable polyester material is selected that is highly chemically and mechanically resistant. One example of a polyester material with these properties is A150 PCTA material from Eastman Chemical. This particular polyester is one of the most durable, and is found to be chemically and mechanically resistant.
A150 Copolyester from Eastman is a poly(1,4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate/isophthalate). It is produced by reacting terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid with the glycol 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
A second laminate layer 102 of a different polyester material forms an inner surface of the laminate and has bonding properties for bonding the composite laminate structure directly to a TESLIN or polyester core 104. Examples of this second material include PETG 5011 or PETG 6763 from Eastman Chemical. PET refers to polyethylene terephthalate. PETG is also known as glycolised polyester, and the "G" represents glycol modifiers.
Copolyester 5011 from Eastman Chemical is a glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate(PET). The modification is made by adding a second glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) during the polymerization stages. The second glycol is added in the proper proportion to produce an amorphous polymer.
Copolyester 6763 from Eastman Chemical is a clear, amorphous material. Because of its clarity, toughness and good melt strength at processing temperatures, it is useful in a variety of processing techniques including film and sheet extrusion.
Both of these PETG polyesters bond well to a TESLIN core layer and act as an adhesive layer in this construction. Together, the different polyester materials form a composite laminate layer. This laminate layer is then bonded to the front and/or back of the core layer in the ID document. The ratio of A150 to 6763 or 5011 can be altered to optimize the performance.
The process of making the structure begins by printing a first layer of variable and/or fixed information on the core using a printing process (210), such as Xerographic printing or alternative method (e.g., liquid ink printing, ink jet, mass transfer, etc.). This printing process applies variable information of the document bearer, such as a facial image, name, address, birth date, and document number (Driver's License Number). This printing process may also apply fixed information to the core associated with the document issuer, such as a state graphic, logo, or seal.
In the context of central issue processing, the core is typically in the form of a sheet material, and different documents are printed on the sheet of core material as it moves through a first stage of printing. In central issue manufacturing, personal information from applicants is obtained at an enrollment site (e.g., a DMV site for driver's license issuance), and sent to a central issue manufacturing facility, where it is queued for printing on sheets of core material.
For over the counter issuance, the core may also be pre-printed with information. However, the card stock is manufactured prior to enrollment, and is personalized at the time of enrollment in an "over the counter" enrollment process, where personal information is obtained and then printed on individual cards in an over the counter card printer.
Returning to the process in
In one manufacturing system, the ink jet printer is implemented with a line of ink jet print heads that spray ink on a pre-printed sheet of core material as it passes the print heads. The approximate resolution of this printing is around 180 dots per inch (DPI), although the specific resolution may vary with the implementation. One type of print head technology for this application is Xaar ink jet print heads from Xaar, Plc. The system includes a bar code reader that reads a bar code on the sheet to identify the sheet and the information to be printed on it. The system then sends formatted personalized information to the ink jet printing mechanism. This formatted information corresponds to the individual ID documents already partially printed on the sheet.
Next, the manufacturing system applies a curing process compatible with the coating (214). For example, if the coating is a UV curable coating, the system performs a UV curing process. This curing process has the effect of bonding the coating to the core. For example, the UV curable ink includes monomers/oligomers that attach to the base complex of the core with the UV curing process. In addition, the curing process protects the coating during lamination, which involves application of heat and/or pressure to the surface of the core.
The manufacturing system joins a laminate layer to the core over the first and second printing layers (216). In this embodiment using UV ink, the system uses a roll to roll process. (Generally, a platen press can not be used to generate the tactile/OVD characteristics attainable with the roll to roll process since this process forces the lamina to conform to the lamination plates. Therefore, the use of platen press processes will eliminate any of the tactile/optically variable characteristics of the UV curable ink. However, the intrusion evident properties/characteristics will remain in effect.)
The co-extruded laminate described in this document may be used as the laminate. This co-extruded laminate is applied with heat and pressure, but without an adhesive due to the bonding properties of the laminate with the core material. As such, the laminate is joined directly to the front and/or back of the core. A roll-to-roll or platen press can be used to join the surface of the laminate with bonding property to the core. To create a platen press version, A150 is replaced by a polymer that does not crystallize under conditions typically found in a platen press process or the press cycle is adjusted so that crystallization does not occur to a substantial level or degree.
Roll to roll lamination is used to create the "tactile" transmission of the proud features through to the surface of the document. Press lamination renders the document's surface a duplicate of the finishing plate (e.g., flat).
Preferably, the pattern of the coating is applied in sufficiently high relief relative to the surface of the core such that the coating raises the surface of the laminate covering it after application of the laminate. This variation of the surface height of the ID document provides additional security features. First, it creates a surface with a tactile feel corresponding to the raised pattern of the coating (e.g., raised text or graphic). In addition, if invisible ink such as UV (as above) or IR ink is used, the raised pattern is not visible when viewed from directly above it (i.e. a viewing angle roughly perpendicular with the surface of the document where the pattern resides). However, as the viewing angle changes, the relief pattern formed by the coating pattern reflects light in a manner that makes the pattern visible. As such, it also provides an optically variable device (OVD) feature.
The materials of the document structure (namely, the coating, core and laminate) are chosen to have certain image destruct and intrusion/tamper evident properties. For example, in the embodiment described above, the coating bonds more strongly to the core than the co-extruded laminate. Thus, when a counterfeiter attempts to remove the laminate, the pattern of the coating is evident in the laminate because its shape is physically impressed into it. However, the coating itself remains largely bonded to the core. Conversely, the first layer of printing (e.g., the Xerographic print) adheres more to the laminate, and thus, sticks to it. This feature enables one to clearly see the pattern of the coating in both the remaining core and the removed laminate. In the case of invisible ink coating, the pattern of the coating remains largely invisible (except for the OVD effects) until the laminate is separated from the core.
In one embodiment for central issue, our process uses the co-extruded laminate described above for both top and bottom card lamina and a TESLIN core, preprinted with bearer information and photo using a Xerox Doc 12 xerographic printer. In this case, the document structure is laminated at interface temperatures in excess of 280 F at standard pressures and line speeds of ˜0.5 fpm at current configuration. Preprint patterns/coverage is limited around each card's perimeter to within a minimum of about 0.125″—thus ensuring an aggressive bond of the co-extruded laminate to the TESLIN core even at "intrusion" temperatures.
In one alternative embodiment, the coating is printed in the form of a half tone image of the bearer. The image is printed such that the image translates through to the surface. The half tone image is created by using points of varying heights to convey points of varying "intensity".
In embodiments using transparent coatings, the natural optically variable properties of the coating structure/laminate structure are derivative of the fact that the cured compounds are transparent and are essentially equivalent to the lamina's index of diffraction. The text/numbers/images printed with the coating can be alternately seen and not seen by rotating the card so that light reflects off the protruding surfaces representing the text/numbers/or half tone images.
Another embodiment of this technology is to deposit the text/numbers in such a fashion as to be non-proud of the surface. In this case, the image destruct/intrusion detection mechanism is still active but the data are not visible.
Yet another embodiment of this technology lies in the use of a cured UV feature to form a lens at the card's surface. To create this lens structure, the coating material is deposited on the core in the shape of mounds or lanes (with rounded top surfaces). Cured and laminated, these features translate to the surface of the document, forming lenses capable of directing light to fixed or variable data printed underneath the ink jetted materials. Because the ink jet process is aligned with the laser printing process, one has an automatic registration of image(s) to the cellular feature sets laid down on them.
Other card structures can make use of the variable UV ink jet technology described herein. Using alternative laminate materials, such as TXP O/KRTY from Transilwrap Company, Inc., a similar manufacturing process is used to create a document structure that shows the feature's tactile and OVD properties. Alternative laminate/cured composition have can have differing sets of "intrusion obvious" characteristics. When selecting alternative laminate/first stage printing material/second stage coating material, the implementer should select a coating that is at least partially removed by the laminate or that has the opposite effect (e.g., the laminate is bonded well to a second stage coating and not at all to a first stage printed material at intrusion temperatures).
Non pigment containing toners with reasonably high melt temperatures (fuser temperatures) can also be used to create this feature. The toner must be selected so as to have bonding characteristics that are quite dissimilar to the ones used to fashion the image and variable data. Additionally, the lay down of the clear toner (perhaps multiple imaging in different cassettes) should be sufficient to cause translation of the feature through to the card's surface for OVD and tactile responses.
In any of the preceding embodiments, one can include UV or IR fluorescing agents into the formulations to create a feature that fluoresces when exposed to light in a particular band (visible or non-visible). Different color inks or dyes may be used to create color graphics and text in the coating. Different core materials such as polycarbonate may be used. Laminates with embedded security features may be used.
While the discussion above provides examples suitable for a central issue environment, where personalized information is available at the time of document manufacture, variations of the process may be used to create card stock used for over the counter issuance. For example, the coating may be applied to and cured on a pre-printed core (where the core is pre-printed with fixed information). One or more over-laminate layers and a D2T2 image receiver layer may be subsequently added over the cured material to enable the blank card to be printed with personal information at an over-the-counter issuance facility.
Table 1 below provides an example of a UV curable ink formulation that may be applied via ink jet printing to create the security feature described above. The viscosity of this fluid is about 10 cps. The last column explains the name of the material and where it comes from.
Hardcoat 012204B
Weight (%)
Hard coat fluid from GE
tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate
monomer from Sartomer
Table 2 provides another example of an alternative formulation that may be used to create the security feature.
Hardcoat 020404B
Weight (%)
Urethane acrylate oligomer from
Multifunctional acrylate monomer
from Sartomer
tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate
monomer from Sartomer
Photoinitiator from Sartomer
An example of an ink formulation for screen printing, and in particular, Reid screen printing (named "SPUV-1") is set forth below:
wt. (g)
wt. %
The composite laminate described above can be bonded to a polyester core layer. Upon lamination of the composite laminate to the polyester core, the resulting structure forms one solid piece of polyester in which intrusion is impossible because the interface is not discernable.
The embodiments detailed above are examples of how to mingle different polyester materials to achieve a synergistic effect that exceeds each material's properties. For example, A150 PCTA does not bond to a TESLIN core but is chemically and mechanically resistant, and 6763 and 5011 PETG bond well to the TESLIN core but are not as chemically or mechanically resistant.
The composite laminate structure is not limited to two layers, but instead, can be increased to additional layers, each contributing in durability and security.
While a coextrusion is illustrated, alternative processes may be used to join polyester layers into a composite laminate. These processes include roll-to-roll, extrusion coating, platen press, and injection/extrusion molding processes.
Other types of polymers may be used to create a coextruded laminate product as described above. The outer layer should have a durability property, such as properties that prevent cracking and/or aging. The inner layer forms a surface for bonding to a document layer, such as the core layer described above. It has a bonding property that facilitates direct bonding to the document layer. This inner layer is chemically related to/miscible with the laminate layer with which it is joined, e.g., by coextrusion to create the coextruded laminate. It is also chemically related to/miscible with the document layer to which it is joined as described. Bonding properties of the inner layer include, for example, its chemical relationship with the layer to which it is joined (e.g., they are miscible), its molar attraction to the layer to which it is joined, its degrees of melting and viscosity. For example, the inner bonding layer in the laminate has a different degree of melting and viscosity than the outer layer or layers providing durability that enable it to bond to the document layer to which the laminate is joined.
In the laminate structures described above, a laminate layer is selected that has a bonding property for bonding the laminate structure directly to document base materials without a separate adhesive layer. These document base materials include toners and inks printed on a TESLIN, polyester, copolyester, amorphous polyester, or like family substrates.
As illustrated above, coextrusion methods may be used to join two or more laminate layers into the laminate structure before direct bonding to the base materials. Each of these laminate layers can contribute desired durability and bonding properties for direct bonding to a document's base materials without adhesive. In coextrusion methods, a carrier layer is coextruded with one or more performance enhancing layers. In the example provided above, the carrier layer comprises a PCTA copolyester. This carrier provides durability performance while the enhancement layers (e.g., PETG, etc.) provide bonding performance that increase the security of the identification document by avoiding the need for an adhesive layer between the laminate and document base material. Other materials can be used as the carrier layer, and a material acting as a carrier in one embodiment may act as an enhancement layer in other embodiments.
A list of materials that may be combined with a carrier layer by coextrusion to provide a bonding property that enhances bonding performance with base materials of inks, toners, and core TESLIN, polyester, copolyester, amorphous polyester, or like family substrates, includes, but is not limited to: SURLYN, mLDPE, EVA, EEA, and EMA.
A list of materials that provide a durability property for enhancing durability performance, either as a carrier or enhancement layer, include, but are not limited to: LDPE, HDPE, PP, and LLDPE. Members of this particular family can also be used as bonding layers coupled with one of the others in this family as the carrier.
Manufacture and Printing Environments
Commercial systems for issuing ID documents are of two main types, namely so-called "central" issue (CI), and so-called "on-the-spot" or "over-the-counter" (OTC) issue.
CI type ID documents are not immediately provided to the bearer, but are later issued to the bearer from a central location. For example, in one type of CI environment, a bearer reports to a document station where data is collected, the data are forwarded to a central location where the card is produced, and the card is forwarded to the bearer, often by mail. Another illustrative example of a CI assembling process occurs in a setting where a driver passes a driving test, but then receives her license in the mail from a CI facility a short time later. Still another illustrative example of a CI assembling process occurs in a setting where a driver renews her license by mail or over the Internet, then receives a drivers license card through the mail.
A CI assembling process is more of a bulk process facility, where many cards are produced in a centralized facility, one after another. (For example, picture a setting where a driver passes a driving test, but then receives her license in the mail from a CI facility a short time later. The CI facility may process thousands of cards in a continuous manner.).
Centrally issued identification documents can be produced from digitally stored information and generally comprise an opaque core material (also referred to as "substrate"), such as paper or plastic, sandwiched between two or more layers of clear plastic laminate, such as polyester, to protect the aforementioned items of information from wear, exposure to the elements and tampering. The materials used in such CI identification documents can offer the ultimate in durability. In addition, centrally issued digital identification documents generally offer a higher level of security than OTC identification documents because they offer the ability to pre-print the core of the central issue document with security features such as "micro-printing", ultra-violet security features, security indicia and other features currently unique to centrally issued identification documents.
In addition, a CI assembling process can be more of a bulk process facility, in which many cards are produced in a centralized facility, one after another. The CI facility may, for example, process thousands of cards in a continuous manner. Because the processing occurs in bulk, CI can have an increase in efficiency as compared to some OTC processes, especially those OTC processes that run intermittently. Thus, CI processes can sometimes have a lower cost per ID document, if large volumes of ID documents are manufactured.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/325,434 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,817,530), which is hereby incorporated by reference, describes approaches for manufacturing identification documents in a central issue process.
In contrast to CI identification documents, OTC identification documents are issued immediately to a bearer who is present at a document-issuing station. An OTC assembling process provides an ID document "on-the-spot". (An illustrative example of an OTC assembling process is a Department of Motor Vehicles ("DMV") setting where a driver's license is issued to person, on the spot, after a successful exam.). In some instances, the very nature of the OTC assembling process results in small, sometimes compact, printing and card assemblers for printing the ID document. It will be appreciated that an OTC card issuing process is by its nature can be an intermittent—in comparison to a continuous—process.
OTC identification documents of the types mentioned above can take a number of forms, depending on cost and desired features. Some OTC ID documents comprise plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) or have a composite structure with polyester laminated to 0.5-2.0 mil (13-51 .mu.m) poly(vinyl chloride) film, which provides a suitable receiving layer for heat transferable dyes which form a photographic image, together with any variant or invariant data required for the identification of the bearer. These data are subsequently protected to varying degrees by clear, thin (0.125-0.250 mil, 3-6 .mu.m) overlay patches applied at the printhead, holographic hot stamp foils (0.125-0.250 mil 3-6 .mu.m), or a clear polyester laminate (0.5-10 mil, 13-254 .mu.m) supporting common security features. These last two types of protective foil or laminate sometimes are applied at a laminating station separate from the printhead. The choice of laminate dictates the degree of durability and security imparted to the system in protecting the image and other data.
Concluding Remarks
Having described and illustrated the principles of the technology with reference to specific implementations, it will be recognized that the technology can be implemented in many other, different, forms, and in many different environments.
The technology disclosed herein can be used in combination with other technologies. Also, instead of ID documents, the inventive techniques can be employed with product tags, product packaging, labels, business cards, bags, charts, smart cards, maps, labels, etc., etc. The term ID document is broadly defined herein to include these tags, maps, labels, packaging, cards, etc.
It should be appreciated that while
It should be understood that various printing processes could be used to create the identification documents described in this document. It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that several print technologies including but not limited to indigo (variable offset) laser xerography (variable printing), offset printing (fixed printing), inkjet (variable printing), dye infusion, mass-transfer, wax transfer, variable dot transfer, laser engraving can be used to print variable and/or fixed information on one or more layers of the document. The information can be printed using dots, lines or other structures of varying colors to form text or images. The information also can comprise process colors, spot or pantone colors.
It should be understood that, in the Figures of this application, in some instances, a plurality of method steps may be shown as illustrative of a particular method, and a single method step may be shown as illustrative of a plurality of a particular method steps. It should be understood that showing a plurality of a particular element or step is not intended to imply that a system or method implemented in accordance with the invention must comprise more than one of that element or step, nor is it intended by illustrating a single element or step that the invention is limited to embodiments having only a single one of that respective elements or steps. In addition, the total number of elements or steps shown for a particular system element or method is not intended to be limiting; those skilled in the art will recognize that the number of a particular system element or method steps can, in some instances, be selected to accommodate the particular user needs.
To provide a comprehensive disclosure without unduly lengthening the specification, applicants hereby incorporate by reference each of the U.S. patent documents referenced above.
The technology and solutions disclosed herein have made use of elements and techniques known from the cited documents. Other elements and techniques from the cited documents can similarly be combined to yield further implementations within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the exemplary embodiments are only selected samples of the solutions available by combining the teachings referenced above. The other solutions necessarily are not exhaustively described herein, but are fairly within the understanding of an artisan given the foregoing disclosure and familiarity with the cited art. The particular combinations of elements and features in the above-detailed embodiments are exemplary only; the interchanging and substitution of these teachings with other teachings in this and the incorporated-by-reference patent documents are also expressly contemplated.
In describing the embodiments of the invention illustrated in the figures, specific terminology is used for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not limited to the specific terms so selected, and each specific term at least includes all technical and functional equivalents that operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose.
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|Mar 29, 2011
|Easton Sports, Inc.
|Ball bat including visual indication of whether internal structural tampering with the ball bat has occurred
|Aug 23, 2005
|May 10, 2011
|L-1 Secure Credentialing
|Image destruct feature used with image receiving layers in secure documents
|Apr 29, 2004
|Jan 10, 2012
|Digimarc Corporation
|Fragile and emerging digital watermarks
|Sep 29, 2010
|Oct 9, 2012
|Easton Sports, Inc.
|Ball bat including a tamper-resistant cap
|May 29, 2009
|Dec 4, 2012
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|System and method for embedding information in a printed media
|Nov 15, 2010
|Feb 19, 2013
|L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc.
|Image destruct feature used with image receiving layers in secure documents
|Oct 14, 2010
|Feb 25, 2014
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Protective circuit board cover
|Oct 14, 2010
|May 6, 2014
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Serviceable conformal EM shield
|Aug 16, 2011
|Feb 3, 2015
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Conformal electromagnetic (EM) detector
|Dec 2, 2011
|Jun 23, 2015
|L-1 Secure Credentialing, Llc
|ID documents having a multi-layered laminate structure
|Aug 17, 2015
|Nov 22, 2016
|Robert C. Jordan
|Method for creating tamper-evident labels
|Nov 15, 2004
|Jul 21, 2005
|Reed Alastair M.
|Machine-readable security features for printed objects
|Aug 23, 2005
|Oct 5, 2006
|Daoshen Bi
|Image destruct feature used with image receiving layers in secure documents
|Mar 30, 2005
|Oct 12, 2006
|Daoshen Bi
|Image destruct feature used with image receiving layers in secure documents
|Oct 27, 2008
|Apr 29, 2010
|Giannetti William B
|Ball bat including visual indication of whether internal structural tampering with the ball bat has occurred
|May 29, 2009
|Dec 2, 2010
|I-Jong Lin
|System and method for embedding information in a printed media
|Sep 29, 2010
|Mar 31, 2011
|Dewey Chauvin
|Ball bat including a tamper-resistant cap
|Nov 11, 2010
|May 12, 2011
|Ming Xu
|Process for forming an image on a transparent acrylic article
|Oct 14, 2010
|May 26, 2011
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Serviceable conformal em shield
|Aug 17, 2015
|Feb 18, 2016
|Robert C. Jordan
|Method for creating tamper-evident labels
|Jun 25, 2009
|Dec 30, 2009
|Michael Grant Mier
|Pocket-friendly golf accessory card
|U.S. Classification
|235/487, 235/488, 235/380
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 8, 2005
Owner name: DIGIMARC CORPORATION, OREGON
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BI, DAOSHEN;JONES, ROBERT L.;YEH, TUNG-FENG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016449/0398
Effective date: 20050301
|Jan 29, 2009
Owner name: L-1 SECURE CREDENTIALING, INC., MASSACHUSETTS
Free format text: MERGER/CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DIGIMARC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:022162/0919
Effective date: 20080813
|Apr 23, 2009
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., ILLINOIS
Free format text: NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:L-1 SECURE CREDENTIALING, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022584/0307
Effective date: 20080805
Owner name: BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,ILLINOIS
Free format text: NOTICE OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:L-1 SECURE CREDENTIALING, INC.;REEL/FRAME:022584/0307
Effective date: 20080805
|Dec 12, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 22, 2016
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 9, 2016
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 7
|Jun 9, 2016
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
You can always get relief from kidney pain by using natural home remedies and other procedures.Kidney is a vital organ in our body which helps in removing waste from our body. It is responsible in for many functions of our body. Kidney can get infected because of many reasons. Kidney pain is more popular among women. If you are feeling pain in your lower back might be because your kidney is infected. Some of the symptoms of kidney pain are server pain in between ribs and in your bottoms this might be kidney pain.
Symptoms of Kidney Pain
- Pain while passing urine
- Fever
- Chills
- Blood in your urine
- Pain in lower back or lower abdomen
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Foul smell in urine or cloudy urine
- Bedwetting (for children), etc.
Causes of Kidney Pain
- Bleeding inside the kidneys
- Tumor in the kidneys
- Stones inside the kidneys
- Enlarged prostate
- Blood coagulation in the veins
- Horseshoe kidney
- Blocked or hindered flow of urine, etc.
Home Remedies to Relief Kidney Pain Naturally
Vitamin C Loaded Lemon Juice to treat kidney pain
The acetic and citric nature of lemon helps in softening the kidney stone. It purifies the kidney by dissolving the stone and removing the toxins which are causing problem and pain in kidney. Take a lemon and squeeze out its juice in one glass of water and drink it must drink this mixture twice or thrice a day. Another remedy of lemon is by mixing four table spoons of lemon to four table spoon of olive oil and drinking it. Follow this remedy if you have the capability to digest this amount of oil.
Unique Properties Parsley Tea to Relief Kidney Pain
Parsley has unique properties which help in increasing the urine output. The more the urines more harmful toxins will flush out of the body. Parsley helps in reducing the pain both internally and externally. It is anti-viral in nature which helps in killing the bacteria causing the infection. Prepare the mixture by taking a bunch of parsley leaves and chopping them well till they remain to a minimum of four tea spoon take four glass of water and boil it on low heat when water comes to boil remove it from heat and add parsley leaves to it and cover the mixture for about 20 minutes then strain the tea and drink it to get relief do this twice or thrice a day. Avoid taking this if you're pregnant.
Watermelon Seed Tea to Relief Kidney Pain
Watermelon seeds are diuretic in nature that helps in flushing down the toxins from the kidney and bladder. Seeds also increase the stimulation of kidneys. Method to prepare watermelon seed tea is by mashing one table spoon of watermelon seeds and adding two cups of boiling water to them. When the mixture cools down strain it and drink it. Consume the tea once a day three times a week.
Cure Kidney Pain with Corn Silk Tea
Corn silk helps in getting relief from pain while passing urine. It is very quick in healing the pain. Corn silk is also diuretic and helps in preventing the bacteria from growing causing pain and infection. Take one table spoon of corn silk and two cups of water. Boil the water and add silk corn to it let it dissolve for five minutes or so then strain the tea and drink two to four cups of during the day to help wash down the stone.
Quick Home Remedy for Kidney Pain Celery Seeds Tea
Celery has many different and useful properties which help heal kidney pain. Celery helps in terminating kidney stone and removes the waste from the kidney. It tends to increase the urine output this would further heal the kidneys. Celery is in rich in volatile oil that contains anti- fungal and antibacterial properties which finishes of virus and bacteria causing the infection. Prepare a mixture of celery tea by taking 1 table spoon of celery seeds and finely blending them and one cup of boiling water. Pour the water over the grounded seeds and let the solution cool down stir occasionally. Drink the tea once a day thrice a week. If you have conceived don't take celery tea as it simulative in nature.
Dandelion Tea to cure Kidney Pain Fast
Herb is wonderful at curing diseases and dandelion is a famous for curing kidney problems. Due to its diuretic nature it increases urine output. Dandelion tea fastens the blood circulation in body and helps kidneys to function properly. Take 2 to 3 dried dandelion leaves pour one cup of boiling water over them let the dip in the water for 15 minutes or so before straining the tea drink the dandelion tea twice or thrice a day. This will help in reducing the kidney pain.
Therapeutic Herb Marshmallow Root
Marshmallow root is a therapeutic herb which gives relief from kidney pain. It also helps to wash down the stone in kidney. In it various properties some are it is diuretic in nature gives relief from pain, finishes of burning and irritation feeling in the kidney. It also proved beneficial for the tissues of the body. To prepare this home remedy take four table spoons of marshmallow root and soak them in one liter water leave the mixture over night in refrigerator strain the tea and drink it the next morning add honey to the tea to make it tastier. Another quick way is by taking one table spoon of marshmallow root and grounding it put the roots in a pan and pour one cup of hot water. Let the roots saturate in water for 15 minutes before straining it. Take 2 to 4 cups of tea to get a relief from pain and helps wash down the kidney stone.
Another Herbal Remedy for Kidney Pain Plantain
Plantain herb helps heal the kidney. Also helps in finishing kidney disorders worms, bacteria causing the pain in kidney. Plantain is anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory in nature therefore it helps to stop the infection from increasing. It gives relief from irritation itching, and pain. Like all other herbs plantain also diuretic and laxative helps to lessen the bladder issues. Take one table spoon of plantain root or leaves. Put them in pot and pour one cup of hot water over them let the drench in water for 10 minutes or so then strain the solution. Drink the tea three to four times a day.
Cabbage Leaves Poultice
Cabbage leaves have the ability to heal kidney pain. Cabbage leaves help to cure bladder problems. Take four to five leaves handful of bran and two chopped onions put all the material in pot and pour one cup of water let them boil for some time when the water dries out take the mixture and put over gauze and place it over your kidney for 2 to 3 hours if possible leave it over night to get relief from pain.
Remedy to Cure Kidney Pain Basil
Basil helps to strength kidney. It is diuretic and detoxifier in nature therefore it helps in removing the stones. Its ability to reduce pain in kidney helps to increase uric acid level in blood. Take basil juice and honey in equal content and drink the juice. Regular intake of basil juice and honey for four months will help to cure the kidney pain.
Kidney Irritation and Inflammation is Relieved by Mustard Plaster
Kidney irritation and inflammation can be healed with mustard seed. Make a paste of mustard seed by grinding the mustard seed adding water to it mix it will to form a paste. Direct contact of mustard can cause irritation and or burning feeling to avoid that place a cloth over your skin before applying the paste. You can also use egg white or add more content of some other flour. You can also apply Vaseline over your skin and then apply the paste to avoid blisters and burning. This will give relief from pain and irritation.
Quick Relief Kidney Pain with Tomatoes
Tomatoes juice give a quick relief kidney pain and washes down the kidney stone. Also cures other infections in kidneys. Make juice out of 4 or 5 tomatoes and drink the juice before eating any solid food take a glass of water afterwards to wash down the infection. It helps to loosen the stone.
Hydrate Your Kidney Water
Impurities present in your kidney can be cleared up by drinking a lot of water. Water helps to wash down the kidney stone. It prevents from salt from gathering and forming kidney stones. Drink water as it is the best therapy in curing kidney pain.


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
How long does JotForm retain file uploads?Asked by Roxanne on April 23, 2014 at 05:31 AMIf our form contains a file upload field, how long are those submitted files retained in our account?
JotForm Support
Hello Roxanne,
Please be noted that we never delete any file. As long as you do not delete your submissions, the uploads will always be there in your account. Deleting a form's submission will also delete the attached file.
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text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Can I setup payment to charge in Canadian Dollars and US Dollars?Asked by hughdal on July 11, 2015 at 05:49 PM
JotForm Support
Unfortunately, you can only use 1 currency per payment form. However, you can have multiple payments in 1 form. So you can create another form with a different currency and then embed it on the current form. Please refer to this guide: http://www.jotform.com/help/161-How-to-Update-the-Multiple-Payment-Form
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It only takes a minute to get started. Fill out our simple sign up form and login to the site.
This step is noncompulsory but will dramatically raise your chances of your profile getting read by other members. Type a little about yourself, your interests and upload your nicest photo of yourself.
Use our website's state-of-the-art search to find members who are up to your requirements. Or just browse through listings and find singles that interest you.
Found someone who meets your requirements? Send them a message or just a wink and see what happens next. With a little luck you'll be on your way to uncover your perfect match.
It only takes a few clicks


text:
What is the benefit of getting a home health aid license?
I work for an agency, and was recently informed that I could apply for my Home Health Aid license through the state and that payments of my own clients would be payed to me directly. Is that true? And how does it work? Also, which conditions and illnesses are under Level-1, Level-2, Level-3, and Level-4?
Expert Answers
State licensures as well as state home health aid license regulations vary by state, as do payments for state funded programs.I suggest you contact your state licensure department and get these questions answered.If you have trouble finding a contact, try the state home health association to see if they can assist. To locate a state association contact, go to the National Association for Home Care and Hospice Web site here: http://www.nahc.com/stateforum/directory.html
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Product Details
Under hard launches or at higher horsepower, the stock rubber differential bushing allows too much differential movement which contributes to wheel-hop. Repeated hard launches or high hp/torque will cause the stock bushings to rip (symptom: black streaks on diff housing created by dried silicone leaking out of stock bushing).
SPL CNC machined aluminum differential bushings mount the differential solidly to the subframe to eliminate differential movement relative to the subframe, thereby reducing wheel hop.
Note: Bushing driver is included to aid in installation of the rear differential bushing. To drive out the stock rear bushing, orient the smaller end of driver on the rubber part of the stock bushing and press, the driver will displace the rubber and self-center on the stock bushing, to allow the bushing race to be pressed out from the subframe.
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Women driving the Middle East and North Africa forward, one business innovation at a time
Our continued belief in the enormous resourcefulness, resilience and sheer drive of young Arab women has yet again been reconfirmed.
How large is the share of public procurement to GDP in middle-income and low-income countries and how it is evolving? If sizable, can public procurement be used as a policy tool to make markets more competitive, and thus improve the quality of government services? Can it be used to induce innovation in firms? Can it also be a significant way to reduce corruption?


text:
Book of Very Critical Importance- Read it! #pauto #control
Terry Blevins, a member of the Process Automation Hall of Fame, and Mark Nixon, an eminent scientist working for Emerson Process Management, have codified and expanded the "Intro to Control Loops and Batch and Continuous Process" class given to new Emerson engineers into a real fundamental book, Control Loop Foundation-Batch and Continuous Processes published by ISA Press and available from ISA and Amazon.com.
This is a fantastic, and extremely well written introduction to the way process control works, designed for people who have little or no experience with it. It is very accessible for people like plant managers, IT personnel, and others who need to know how a process plant works, but have nowhere to go to find out.
Here's a short communication I received this morning from Terry Blevins:Walt,Hope all is going well. Last week Mark Nixon and I completed work on the web site that accompanies our book Control Loop Foundation. This morning I did a blog post http://www.modelingandcontrol.com/ on the web site in which I explain how the web site can be used to perform the exercises for the 19 workshops and application examples contained in the book. Hope you and Control magazine subscribers enjoy the book and interactive exercises supported by the web site.


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I couldn't help put notice I got 9 dislikes (feminists weren't too pleased with me I guess) on a comment I wrote on a post related to feminism (14 likes though, haha :)), and I was wondering if people's negative votes affected your Xper points and overall Xper level. And if it does, do you think it's fair that GaG has this policy? I don't want to be deprived of my points when I gave a perfectly good arguement/advice , due someone's inability to see my view, or agree with me, or their own stupidity.
Do negative votes on a comment affect your Xper level?
Have an opinion?
What Guys Said 9
You do not gain or lose Xper points for upvotes or downvotes.
GirlsAskGuys FAQ51|40|0
I'm not even sure if upvotes still affect it. I'm pretty sure you don't get a point reduction for negative votes though. Feel free to check https://www.girlsaskguys.com/faq/xper for info.10|10|0
Ah, thank you very much!
I don't believe votes has any effect
on your exper points anymore. ^~^10|10|0
Okay, I see. Thank you. :)
As stated by the two fellas below, votes do not play any role in Xper points. It's more of a way to just signal agreement/disagreement with an opinion (or sometimes, just with that person in general, haha!).00|00|0
No. They are just to give you an idea on what others think of your answers.00|00|0
Nope... downvotes u get don't affect ur XPer. :)00|00|0
No they don't. Neither do up votes.10|10|0
Lol I hope they don't.00|00|0
What Girls Said 3
No. Users do not gain or lose any points when their answer gets up or down votes.10|10|0
He's the one who should feel sorry, not you. And I highly recommend you to not allow anonymous answers on your future questions from now on.00|00|0
But your happy to gain them based on this?20|20|2
I'm happy to gain supporters. If someone doesn't agree with my opinion, that's all well and good, but there are respectful ways of going about it.
- Show AllShow Less
Yep, just because it's you! How do you check your down votes anyways? I bet I have millions!
If you go to your opinions it should show you're down and up votes.
Learn more
Select as Most Helpful Opinion?
You cannot undo this action. The opinion owner is going to be notified and earn 7 XPER points.