text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 23, 2010
|Filing date
|Aug 28, 2006
|Priority date
|May 31, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Laurence Lundblade, Marc S. Phillips, Brian Minear, Yan Zhuang, Anand Krishnan, Stephen A Sprigg, Mazen Chmaytelli, Mitchell B. Oliver, Gerald Charles Horel, Karen Crossland
|Original Assignee
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (27), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (20), Classifications (21), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/872,418 filed May 31, 2001, entitled Safe Application Distribution And Execution In A Wireless Environment, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,099,663, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention relates to processing of applications for use in a wireless device, and more particularly, to increasing the security, safety and integrity of applications executed on a wireless device.
Wireless communication has experienced explosive growth in recent years. As consumers and businesses rely more on their wireless devices, such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless service providers, i.e., carriers, strive to provide additional functionality on these wireless devices. This additional functionality would not only increase the demand for wireless devices but also increase the usage among current users. Increasing functionality, specifically by increasing the applications accessible by the wireless device, however, is costly and complicated thereby discouraging carriers from providing this functionality.
Furthermore, there is little to no assurance that an application, once placed on a wireless device, will execute properly. Currently, reliance on the application's ability to execute on a wireless device rest on the developer, the wireless device maker and/or the carrier. As more applications are developed and the number of applications on a wireless device increases, the wireless device environment becomes more dynamic. For example, a wireless device may choose to retrieve or execute a number of different applications from large pool of available applications at any given time. Thus, ensuring that any given application will be distributed to the wireless device and execute safely becomes much more difficult to control.
This is of particular concern because improper execution of an application may not only detrimentally affect the wireless device, but it may also be harmful to the carrier network and other network components, including other wireless devices. For example, one application, if not restricted, could take control of a wireless device's power control and cause interference among other wireless devices and decrease the overall capacity in the cell servicing the wireless device.
Currently, neither wireless device manufacturers nor carriers are equipped to support the testing and safe distribution of applications in a dynamic application distribution and execution environment. Thus, there is a concern that applications will be distributed and executed on wireless devices that may cause harm to the wireless device, carrier network, or other network components.
In addition, other safety issues arise as more applications are developed and the environment by which applications are transmitted to a wireless device becomes more dynamic. As the number of applications and the number of developers creating these applications increases, the desire to know the source of any given application, i.e., the developer, also increases. A carrier or a handset manufacturer will want to know, with some degree of reliability, that they can determine the source of an application should the application cause harm.
Consequently, what is needed in the art is a system and method for providing a more safe environment for the distribution and execution of applications on a wireless device.
Systems and methods consistent with the present invention overcome the shortcomings of existing systems by creating a safer environment for application distribution and execution that test applications with predetermined standards, provide traceability to the developer for nonrepudiation, check for unintended modifications to the application, allow the removal of the application from the wireless device, and/or use rules and permissions that define the environment on which an application may execute.
Certifying that an application meets predetermined standards provides the advantage of catching possible errors that could occur during execution ahead of time. This helps to prevent the detrimental effect of an application's execution.
Traceability provides the advantage of non-repudiation. If there is any problem with the application, it is beneficial to trace back to the source of the application, i.e., the developer, to correct the problem. In addition, having traceability discourages developers from creating applications that have harmful results, either whether intended or unintended.
Furthermore, the ability to determine if an application is modified prior to receiving it at the wireless device provides the advantage of increased safety by ensuring that the application received is the same one that was transmitted. As applications are distributed more freely in the wireless environment, the ability to determine if an application was modified increases the confidence that an application received by the wireless device was not modified, either accidentally or intentionally.
Providing a set of rules and permissions that define when applications may execute also increases the safety of an application distribution and execution system by preventing the unauthorized execution of an application on platforms, e.g., systems or environments in which it is not authorized.
The ability to remove applications from a wireless device also increases the safety of an application distribution system. If an application is installed on a handset, either by the manufacturer or through an application download, having a mechanism to remove the application because of unforeseen negative consequences increases the safety of an application distribution and execution system by removing harmful and undesirable code that could be detrimental.
Systems and methods consistent with the present invention may invoke one or more of the techniques disclosed herein. By invoking all of the techniques disclosed and referenced herein, however, systems and methods consistent with the present invention provide for high quality and safe distribution and execution of applications.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for distributing and processing an application, comprises the steps of receiving the application and identification information, certifying the application satisfies a predetermined criterion, assigning a permission to the application, transmitting the application, the permission and the identification information to the a device using a modification detection technique, determining whether the application was modified during transmission, storing a rule on the device, determining if the application may be process using the permission and the rule, and removing the application from the device.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for executing an application on a wireless device, comprises the steps of storing a rule to evaluate a permission, receiving information comprising the application, the permission and an identification using a modification detection technique, receiving a request to execute the application on the wireless device, evaluating the received information to determine if the received information was modified, in the event the received information was not modified, evaluating the permission associated with the application, and in the event the permission is granted, executing the application.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for executing an application on a wireless device comprises the steps of storing a rule to evaluate a permission, receiving information comprising the application, the permission and an identification using a modification detection technique, receiving a request to execute the application on the wireless device, evaluating the received information to determine if the received information was modified, in the event the received information was not modified, evaluating the permission associated with the application, and in the event the permission is granted, executing the application.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the invention and, together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the preferred embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In the drawings:
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary and preferred embodiments of the invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several drawings. The nature, objectives and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides safe and secure application distribution and execution by providing systems and methods that test an application to ensure that it satisfies the predetermined criteria associated with the environment in which it will execute. Furthermore, by using rules and permission lists, application removal, and a modification detection technique, such as digital signatures, the present invention provides mechanisms to safely distribute and execute a tested, or untested, application by determining whether the application has been modified, determining if it has permission to execute in a given wireless device environment, and removing the application should it be desirable to do so.
It will be recognized to those skilled in the art that the forgoing describes an application file type being distributed and executed for simplicity of description. An "application" may also include files having executable content, such as: object code, scripts, java file, a bookmark file (or PQA files), WML scripts, byte code, and perl scripts. In addition, an "application" referred to herein, may also include files that are not executable in nature, such as documents that may need to be opened or other data files that need to be accessed.
It is preferable that systems and methods employ all these techniques to increase the safe distribution and execution of an application. It will be recognized, however, that even employing one or more of these techniques will increase the safe distribution and execution of an application.
The high level process begins by associating the developer identification with an application (Step 100). This process may be performed by binding the developer identification with the application as it is distributed. Alternatively, the associated developer identification may be stored along with the corresponding application on a server in the system. It is also preferable that the developer identification information be stored and associated with the application information so that it cannot be easily modified.
The application is then tested for improper operation (Step 105). The application may be used in an environment where improper operation may not only affect the device on which the application is running, but also those other devices that are connected or networked with that device. It is preferable to test the application so that it does not make improper system calls or negatively affect the device or other connected devices during its operation. In one embodiment, this testing is performed by a certification process where the application is tested to determine if it meets predetermined criteria. It is preferable also, to have a certification process independent of the developer, to test the application. The independence of the certification process encourages more accurate and reliable testing.
Prior to executing the application, the application is checked to determine if it is "allowed" to execute on the device (Step 110). This check may be performed by the use of permissions and rules, described below, or by other permission mechanisms known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, it is preferable that the application be checked prior to every attempt to execute the application. This persistent checking process increases the safety of executing the application. For example, it guards against an application having a Trojan horse that may have been inserted into that application on the executing device via another application.
An application that performs an improper or undesirable operation is then removed from the device (Step 115). This prevents the application from doing any further damage and also frees up the memory in the device for other uses. Alternatively, the application does not need to be removed from the application. Removing an application may refer to the disabling of the application and leaving the application on the device.
Typically, the developer 200 will have a set of development specifications for which to develop the application to execute on the wireless device 230. In one embodiment, the wireless device includes a software platform to assist the application's interface with the wireless device, such as the BREW™ software developed by QUALCOMM Incorporated, headquartered in San Diego, Calif. The developer may create the application satisfying the software platform, or BREW� software, specification standards, and conventions.
The developer 200 is connected to a central server 205, in one embodiment, so that it may electronically transmit the application to the central server 205. In one embodiment, the central server is an Application Control Center Headquarters (ACCHQ) server used in the distribution of applications to wireless devices. The developer 200 may digitally sign the application (discussed further below) to determine if the application was modified. It will be recognized that a physical connection to the central server is not necessary. For example the developer 200 may send, such as via first class mail, the application to the central server 205 stored on a CD-ROM.
In addition, the developer sends various source identification information to the central server 205. This source identification information may include any type of information that may be associated with the application that identifies the developer, such as a company name, tax identification of the company, or other identifying information.
The central server 205, either by itself or using a certification server 210, is used in the analysis and certification of applications. In one embodiment, an Application Control Center (ACC) may be used as a certification server. The certification server 210 may be used to analyze the application to determine whether the application satisfies predetermined certification criteria. This criteria may include whether the application satisfied the development specification for execution on a wireless device or platform. The certification criteria, however, can be any criteria that an application must satisfy prior to execution on a wireless device or platform. Such criteria may include verifying: (a) that the application functions as claimed by the developer, so that the application does not harm the wireless device's operation (e.g., it does not crash the phone); (b) that the application does not access data or memory that it should not (e.g., it doesn't access data or files owned by other applications, the operating system or platform software); and (c) that it does not negatively impact the wireless devices resources, such as detrimentally monopolizing the input and output of the wireless device.
The central server 205 may also assign a set of permissions in a list associated with the application. This permission list is determined by various factors, including an analysis of whether the application passed the certification process, what networks 220 the application is approved to execute on, and whether the wireless device supports the application. There may be many factors used to determine a permission list and is left to those skilled in the art when implementing the present invention.
The central server 205 receives the developer identification information and correlates it with the application created by the developer 200. Should any problems exist with the application, the central server will be able to identify the source of the application. In one embodiment, the developer information is passed to the wireless device 230 so that the correlation may be performed by the wireless device or other systems connected to the wireless device.
In one embodiment, the central server is also connected to an application download server (ADS) 215. The application download server 215 is used to interface with a wireless device via a wireless network 220 to download an application. The central server may also send the permissions list and developer identification associated with the application to the ADS where it can be stored until transmission to a wireless device. It is preferred that the application, permission list and the developer identification be digitally signed by the central server to increase security from modification.
It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that an ADS may be used to connect to multiple networks 220 for the distribution of applications, files and other information to the various wireless devices 230. Furthermore, wireless and non-wireless networks may be employed to transmit the application's permission list and developer identification to the wireless device.
In response to a request for an application, the ADS 215 will send the application, permission list, developer identification, and digital signature(s) to the wireless device 230 via the network 220. In one embodiment, the wireless device 230 will contain a key to check the digital signature in order to determine if the application, permission list and/or developer information is modified.
It is preferred, if digital signatures are employed in the present invention, that the central server use a secure key to create the digital signature and install a key on a wireless device to evaluate the digital signature. By using a secure key, the wireless device will have a higher degree of reliability that the digital signature was created by the central server and not an imposter.
Should the application cause any errors on the wireless device, or for any other desired reason, the wireless device may initiate the removal of the application. Furthermore, an application may be removed from the wireless device based on a request from the ADS or central server. This request from the server may be initiated for any desired reason. For example, the server may initiate the removal of applications from a wireless device because the application performed improperly on another device, a new version of the application is distributed, or even business reasons dictating that the application should be removed. This application removal process further protects the wireless device environment from repeated execution of corrupted and/or destructive applications.
In one embodiment, the central server database 304 consists of a record of the identifications for each application program downloaded at any time onto each wireless device 330 in the network 300, an Electronic Service Number ("ESN") for the individual who downloaded the application program, and a Mobile Identification Number ("MIN") unique to the wireless device 330 carrying that application program. Alternatively, the central server database 304 contains records for each wireless device 330 in the network 300 of the wireless device model, wireless network carrier, the region where the wireless device 330 is used, and any other information useful to identify which wireless device 330 are carrying which application programs. In addition, the central server database may also store this developer identifying information associated with an application.
In one embodiment, the central server 302 may also include a remove command source 322. The remove command source 322 is the person(s) or entity(ies) that may make the decision to remove one or more targeted application programs. The remove command source 322 also is the entity that constructs a remove command 316 (discussed below) that is broadcast to identified wireless device 330 carrying the targeted application program(s). Alternatively, and without limitation, the remove command source 322 may be one or more persons or entities involved with the development and issuance of the targeted application program, persons or entities involved with the manufacturing of the wireless device 330, and/or persons or entities involved with the function of any part of the network 300.
The central server 302 communicates with one or more computer servers 306, e.g., an ADS, over a network 308, such as the Internet, preferably secured. The servers 306 also communicate with a carrier network 310 via a network 308. The carrier network 310 communicates with the MSC 312 by both the Internet and Plain Ordinary Telephone System (POTS) (collectively identified in
One example of a message sent by the BTS 314 in the present invention is a remove command 316. As further discussed herein, the wireless device 330, in response to receiving a remove command 316, responds by uninstalling a targeted application program stored on the wireless device 330. In one embodiment, the remove program may additionally or alternatively be programmed to disable the targeted application program or reprogram it to perform differently. The wireless device may also delete the application and any related information, such as a permission list.
The remove command 316 is constructed by the remove command source 322 (which may or may not be the same person(s) or entity(ies) that made the decision to initiate a remove of the targeted application program). The remove command 316 is sent by the remove command source 322 over the network 300 for broadcasting to the wireless devices 330.
By using the remove command as described in the above embodiment, the safety of application distribution and execution is increased by providing a mechanism to uninstall corrupted or undesirable applications. It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that, while the preceding described a remove command initiated by the central server, the wireless device may also initiate the removal or uninstallation of the application and its related information.
Similarly, the above network may be used to send the application, permission list and associated digital signatures from the central server to various servers 306 (e.g., ADS') through the MSC and BTS to the wireless devices 330.
The wireless device 400 shown in
The storage area 405 of the wireless device may be used to store received applications and permission lists 425. In addition, the storage area 405 may be used to store one or more "keys" 405. These keys can be applied to a digital signature using a signature algorithm to determine whether the signed information was modified.
Rules 435 may also be installed on the wireless device 400. These rules may be used in conjunction with the permission list to determine if an application is allowed to execute. For example, a rule may state that an application is allowed to execute if a certification flag is set in the permission list (i.e., indicating the application passed certification). The permission list will have the certification flag set or not, depending on whether it passed certification. By applying the rule to the information contained in the permission list, permission to execute the application is either granted or denied.
The manufacturer (not shown) of the wireless device 400 may download application programs onto the storage 405 of the wireless device 400 at the time the wireless device 400 is manufactured. These application programs may be any program potentially useful or entertaining to the user of the wireless device, such as games, book, or any other type of data or software programs. The application programs also may be downloaded onto the wireless device 400 over the air after the wireless device is manufactured.
The remove program, when executed by the wireless device 400, uninstalls one or more targeted application programs from one of the applications stored on the wireless device 400. The targeted application program is an application program that needs to be uninstalled from the wireless device 400 for various reasons discussed below.
The wireless device 400 has a local database 420 installed by the manufacturer. The API of the wireless device is programmed to automatically update the local database 420 with a record of identifying information about each of the application programs stored on the wireless device 400. The local database 420 contains a record of the signature identifications unique to each application program stored on the wireless device 402. Additionally, the local database 420 may contain a record of the location of the application programs within the storage 405 on the wireless device 400 and any other information useful for keeping track of which application programs are downloaded on the wireless device 400, and where they are located.
Keys used to create and evaluate a digital signature can be used to determine the identity of the signer. For example, a key may be generated to create a digital signature by an entity and kept securely. This entity can distribute a corresponding key that can be used to evaluate the digital signature. If the key is kept securely and not compromised, the recipient evaluating the digital signature can determine not only whether the information was modified, but also the identity of the signer.
Alternatively, third-party entities can create keys for specific entities in a secure fashion. Therefore, a recipient having a key associated with a specific identity will be able to determine if that entity was the signer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a digital signature 515 is generated by using the signer's key 525, e.g., a key of the central server (see
After creating the digital signature 515, the application 500, permission list 505, developer identity information 510 and digital signature 515 are transmitted to the wireless device 520. The wireless device can then use the digital signature to determine if any of the application or related information (i.e., the permission list and developer identity information) was modified. In addition, using one of the techniques described above, such as a secure key, the wireless device may also have confidence in the identity of the signer who transmitted this information to the wireless device.
After receiving the application and digital signature, the digital signature is evaluated to determine if the develop who sent the application is the same as the one who signed the application (Step 605). If a third party assigned the key to the developer to create the digital signature, then the third party may also assign the key to evaluate the digital signature to the receiving party, such as to the central server described with respect to
The identification of the developer, or whichever entity signed and/or created the application, is then stored and associated with the application (Step 610). The storage may be in a table, database or in some other manner such that it can be later retrieved in the event the identity of the developer needs to be determined. In one embodiment, the storage of the developer's identification is stored in a wireless device and not in a server.
The received application is then certified to determine if it meets specified criteria (Step 615). In one embodiment, an application may be written to execute on a specific platform, such as the BREW� platform developed by QUALCOMM Incorporated, headquartered in San Diego, Calif. used in wireless devices. A specific platform, or device, may have specific requirements that an application must meet prior to having it executed on the device. For example, a platform or device may require that an application not access specific memory locations in the device so that the integrity of the device or other applications located in memory are not compromised. These criteria can be specified and the application can be tested to determine if these criteria are met. Preferably, these criteria are predetermined and provided to the developer to incorporate into the application's development.
After certification, the permissions associated with the application for a given environment are assigned (Step 620). Permission may be assigned based on many factors, depending on the environment in which the present invention is implemented. In one embodiment, the applications are intended for a wireless device. In this embodiment, assigning permissions may depend on the carrier network, a wireless device's requirements, results of certification testing, and developer, carrier or other testing environments, for example. Therefore, an example of a permission list is an indication that the application passed certification testing and that it may execute on a specific carrier's network.
The server then digitally signs the application, permission list, and developer identification (Step 625). In one embodiment, this signature is performed using a secure key so that the identity of the server can be determined by those receiving this digitally signed information. It is not required that the developer's signature that was received by the server also be signed or that the developer's signature be sent to the wireless device.
The application, permission list, developer identification and the signature created in step 625 is then transmitted to a wireless device (Step 630).
The wireless device then receives the application, permission list, developer identification and digital signature (Step 705). In one embodiment, the wireless device may evaluate the received digital signature to determine the identity of the signer. The digital signature may also be used to determine if the application, permission list or developer identification was modified after having been signed.
The wireless device then receives a request to execute the application (Step 710). This request may come from the user of the wireless device wanting to execute a program. Alternatively, the request may be made by the wireless device itself or from some request transmitted to the wireless device, either through a network or direct connection to the wireless device.
After receiving the request, the wireless device evaluates the digital signature and the permission list associated with the application prior to its execution (Step 720). As described, the wireless device, in one embodiment, may use rules to evaluate the permissions list. If by evaluating the digital signature it is determined that the application, permission list or developer identification was not modified, then the wireless device evaluates the permission list using the stored rules. If there was no modification and the evaluation of the rules against the permission list indicates that the application is granted permission to execute in the wireless device, the processing proceeds to execute the application on the device (Step 730).
If the evaluation in Step 720 indicates that either the application, permission list or developer identification was modified after being signed, or that the application is denied permission to execute on the wireless device, then the application is not executed (Step 725). Processing proceeds to remove the application from the wireless device (Step 750). It is also preferred that the permission list and developer identification also be removed from the wireless device.
Following step 730, the application's execution is monitored to determine if it performs an illegal or improper operation (Step 735). The wireless device or the platform the wireless device is using may define certain operations to be illegal or improper. These operations may include those that access restricted areas of memory or memory locations used by other programs or files. In addition, these operations may involve harmful uses of the wireless device's resources such that they may not only affect the wireless device, but other devices on the network the wireless device is attached.
If such an illegal or improper operation is attempted, then the application's execution is stopped (Step 745) and removed from the wireless device (Step 750) along with, preferably, the developer identification and permission list. As stated above, alternatively, the remove process may involved the disabling of the application, thereby preventing its execution, and keeping the application on the wireless device.
If no illegal, improper, or undesirable operation is performed in step 735, then the application is allowed to continue execution (Step 740).
Using mechanisms to certify, detect modifications, determine source identity, assign permissions, and incorporate the ability to remove the application, systems and methods consistent with the present invention increase safe and secure application distribution and execution. Systems and methods may implement as few or all of these mechanisms. The more mechanisms implemented, the higher the degree of safety that is achieved.
In one embodiment, a developer sends an application to a server. The developer may sign the application to protect against unauthorized modification. A server checks the identity of the developer, and performs certification testing on the application. The server also assigns permissions to the application, creating a permission list. The application, permission list, developer identification are digitally signed by the server and sent to a wireless device along with the digital signature. A wireless device checks the digital signature for modification and the permission list against stored rules prior to executing the application. In one embodiment, these checks are performed prior to each attempt to execute the application on the wireless device. If the checks indicate the application has been modified or denied permission to execute, the application does not execute and is removed from the wireless device. Furthermore, if during execution, the application attempts an illegal or improper operation, the application is terminated and then removed from the wireless device.
The foregoing description of an implementation of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not exhaustive and does not limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practicing of the invention. For example, the described implementation includes software but one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented as a combination of hardware and software or in hardware alone. The invention may be implemented with both object-oriented and non-object-oriented programming systems. Additionally, although aspects of the present invention are described as being stored in memory, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these aspects can also be stored on other types of computer-readable media, such as secondary storage devices, like hard disks, floppy disks, or CD-ROM; a carrier wave from the Internet or other propagation medium; or other forms of RAM or ROM. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
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|Enco-Tone, Ltd.
|Acoustic encoding of dynamic identification codes
|Jan 15, 2008
|Oct 2, 2008
|Lotter Robert A
|Mobile communication device monitoring systems and methods
|Mar 22, 2010
|Jul 8, 2010
|Laurence Lundblade
|Safe application distribution and execution in a wireless environment
|Apr 27, 2009
|Oct 28, 2010
|Mclean Ivan H
|Method and apparatus for improving code and data signing
|Dec 21, 2009
|Jun 23, 2011
|Palm, Inc.
|Removing an active application from a remote device
|Aug 30, 2010
|Mar 1, 2012
|Bank Of America
|Organization resource allocation based on forecasted change outcomes
|Feb 27, 2012
|Jun 21, 2012
|Eagency, Inc.
|Mobile communication device monitoring systems and methods
|U.S. Classification
|455/425, 455/410, 455/411, 455/418, 713/175
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 14, 2010
Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LUNDBLADE, LAURENCE;PHILLIPS, MARC S.;MINEAR, BRIAN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:023789/0611;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010521 TO 20010626
Owner name: QUALCOMM INCORPORATED,CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LUNDBLADE, LAURENCE;PHILLIPS, MARC S.;MINEAR, BRIAN;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20010521 TO 20010626;REEL/FRAME:023789/0611
|Aug 26, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
CHINA: Great Wall eyes IPO, take 2
China's Great Wall Motor is reportedly preparing for a second attempt at an A-share listing in Shanghai.
Get full access to all content, just $1 for 30 days
A Message From The Editor
just-auto gives its paid members access to the very best automotive market coverage.
And now there's just-auto plus, our premium membership that gives you exclusive component forecast data, company profiles and extended news coverage - just for premium members.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Find a copy in the library
Finding libraries that hold this item...
|Named Person:
|Andrew A Sorensen; Andrew A Sorensen
|Material Type:
|Internet resource
|Document Type:
|Book, Internet Resource
|All Authors / Contributors:
Andrew A Sorensen
|9781570037733 1570037736
|OCLC Number:
|xiii, 114 pages ; 21 cm
|pt. 1. University --
1. Remarks at a Memorial Service for Six Carolina Students and a Clemson University Student Who Perished Together in an October 28, 2007, House Fire --
2. State of the University Address --
3. Remarks to the University's Women's Studies Twentieth Annual Conference --
pt. 2. University in the Community --
4. Remarks to the Greater Columbia (South Carolina) Community Relations Council --
5. Remarks upon Receiving the Greater Columbia Chamber of Commerce Ambassador of the Year Award --
6. Remarks at the Mayor's State of the City (Columbia, South Carolina) Address --
pt. 3. University in the State --
7. Role of Research Universities in Transforming South Carolina's Economy --
8. Transformation of Research and Education in the Health Professions at the University of South Carolina --
9. Fully Fund the Endowed Chairs Program: It's a Smart Investment in South Carolina's Future --
pt. 4. University in the World --
10. Principal Challenges to Public Higher Education in the United States --
11. Bridging the Gap between Academic Health Centers and the Rest of the Academy --
12. Role of Universities in Responding to Technological and Economic Transformation --
13. Reflections of Scotland on the Occasion of the Professor and Mrs. Roy Gift of the Burns Collection to the Thomas Cooper Library.
|Andrew A. Sorensen.
|More information:
Publisher Synopsis
"I truly believe that if we find ways to transcend academic disciplines, institutional and political boundaries, and race and class barriers in order to elevate the quality of research and teachingRead more...


text:
Posted: Tuesday, June 13, 2017 5:53 AM
For sale 5.2 liter V8 bought from LKQ in Phoenix 3 years ago for a project. Put in new oil pump water pump all new gaskets from pan to valve covers. New motor mounts Jeep also have external components alternator starter air conditioning compressor. Hundred and thirteen thousand miles on it before new oil pump and gaskets. 480 251 4135.
• Location: Phoenix, Queen Creek
• Post ID: 42576850 phoenix


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
My forms don't workAsked by tdeveny on June 08, 2016 at 02:30 PM
I suspect it's because I created a form that asked for credit card information. I didn't realize we couldn't do that. I have deleted those forms but my other forms still do not work. What do I do?
JotForm Support
I checked your account and it looks to be active. Are your forms still showing as disabled on your end? They should not be. If they are, let us know and we will be happy to have another look.


text:
We help you locate a Fochabers tin whistle teacher. Tin Whistle tuition are a brilliant method to start an entertaining new hobby, acquire a new skill and attain confidence in tin whistle. Try our site to search for Fochabers tin whistle tutors and select which best suits your needs so you can begin your tin whistle tuition in Fochabers straight away!
This is the best way to discover Fochabers tin whistle teachers in the UK, helping you discover Fochabers tin whistle lessons close to you and Fochabers tutors to assist with any instrument, for example, piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Fochabers tin whistle tuition or a one-to-one Fochabers tin whistle teacher to prepare for tin whistle grades and improve your tin whistle skills! Our search will order Fochabers tin whistle tutors near you according to their tuition prices and distance from you.
If you are a tin whistle teacher and would like to offer your tin whistle lessons in Fochabers or throughout the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or find out more about us here. Becoming a Fochabers tin whistle teacher is a wonderful way to re-affirm your own skills by giving tin whistle tuition while assisting someone else, all in Fochabers!


text:
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text:
- crowdedness
- noun Date: 1823 the quality or state of being crowded
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
crowdedness — See crowded. * * * … Universalium
crowdedness — n. state of being crowded, quality of being tightly packed together … English contemporary dictionary
crowdedness — crowd·ed·ness … English syllables
crowdedness — noun see crowded * * * crowdˈedness noun • • • Main Entry: ↑crowd … Useful english dictionary
anĝh- (*henĝh-) — anĝh (*henĝh ) English meaning: "narrow, *press" Deutsche Übersetzung: "eng, einengen, schnũren", partly also von seelischer Beklemmung, Angst Material: Verbal: Av. ązaŋhē "to press", lengthened grade Av. ny üzata " she… … Proto-Indo-European etymological dictionary
Aside — An aside is a literary device in that an actor speaks to the audience; he/she is not heard by the other characters. It is similar to a monologue and soliloquy.OriginsIn the European dramatic tradition, the aside has a lengthy pedigree; versions… … Wikipedia
Magdalena Abakanowicz — (born June 20, 1930, in Falenty, Poland) is a Polish sculptor. She is notable for her use of textiles as a sculptural medium. She was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Poznań, Poland from 1965 to 1990 and a visiting professor at… … Wikipedia
Double-decker bus — For the 1970s children s series, see Here Come the Double Deckers. For the chocolate bar from Cadbury UK, see Double Decker (chocolate bar). Double deckers specially designed for Skopje public transport … Wikipedia
Újlipótváros — is a neighbourhood in the 13th district of Budapest, Hungary. It is to the north of the innermost districts of Budapest, its direct neighbour to the south is Lipótváros, to the east is Terézváros, to the north is Vizafogó and to the west is the… … Wikipedia
El Farol Bar problem — El Farol in Santa Fe The El Farol bar problem is a problem in game theory. Based on a bar in Santa Fe, New Mexico, it was created in 1994 by W. Brian Arthur. The problem is as follows: There is a particular … Wikipedia


text:
- Latest
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- Blogs
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- Our Blog
… site strategy. I am thinking more in the neighborhood of 50. "Page Authority" and Expired Domains. My top earners are all sites with aged domains and lots of natural backlinks. One way to acquire these for new niche sites is by finding expired domains. I am not interested in laying out hundreds of dollars for a high PR domain to use on a website…


text:
Scott Kalvert, who went from helming music videos to the features The Basketball Diaries and Deuces Wild, has died. He was 49. The Los Angeles County Coroner's Office said it is investigating his death as a suicide but provided no other details. Kalvert had a knack for working with unknown acts who would go on to become huge stars. He started in the music video business, hitting paydirt with his first project: "Parents Just Don't Understand," a 1988 pop hit by DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince that launched the career of Will Smith. It was named Best Rap Video at the MTV Video Music Awards. The NYC native went on to direct videos for such acts as Snoop Doggy Dogg, Cyndi Lauper and, notably, "Good Vibrations" by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, which featured a muscle-bound unknown named Mark Wahlberg. He also helmed the 1988 concert video Guns N' Roses: Live At The Ritz, which aired on MTV. In 1995, Kalvert directed The Basketball Diaries, an adaptation of "People Who Died" singer Jim Carroll's 1978 memoir. The film starred a teenage Leonardo DiCaprio as Carroll along with Wahlberg in one of his first film roles and featured three actors who go on to be regulars on The Sopranos: Lorraine Bracco, Michael Imperoli and Vincent Pastore. Kalvert's only other feature directing credit was the 2002 actioner Deuces Wild, starring Stephen Dorff and Brad Renfro.
R.I.P. 'The Basketball Diaries' Director Scott Kalvert
7 Comments
You will be missed by many…x
bball diaries — arguably the BEST leo role ever.
KALVERTs of the world were the cure for monotone video-to-feature directors like MICHAEL BAY and DAVID FINCHER.
i wish he had done more.
clearly a tortured soul.
he will be missed.
Scott was a very talented man. He will be missed.
RIP, thanks for all the great music videos and movies.
Looking forward to learning more about this. Today, you know, Jim Carroll's "The Basketball Diaries" probably would have been a blog. R.I.P.
Another verse for Jim Carroll's "People Who Died"
A tragically ironic ending to a good life, a great body of work…
RIP Scott…
Great father, great husband and a great friend – you will always be missed!


text:
The original L.L.Bean Boot was designed to help people enjoy the outdoors – and our larger-than-life mobile replica was too. The Bootmobile has covered more than 160,000 miles, appeared at hundreds of events in 14 states and dozen college campuses, and made tracks to every L.L.Bean store.
Share the fun with our expert guides as they hit the road for a full schedule of outdoor activities, demonstrations and special events.
Who needs four wheels when you have two?! Join the Bootmobile, more than 2,000 cyclists and 750 volunteers as our rolling icon serves as the pace vehicle to kick off this unique Father's Day Weekend journey.
Our supersized Boot is back for day 2 of the Trek and excited to welcome riders to Colby College as they complete the second leg of their 180-mile cycling adventure.
Dwarfed by the Rocky Mountains, our larger-than-life Boot will be on-site to cheer on hundreds of active kids as they tackle this adventure obstacle course. Muddy Bootmobile photo-ops are encouraged!
Break out the Moose calls! It's that time of year again, when Mainers journey to the Maine Moose Lottery for this long-standing tradition. Our rolling icon will be on-hand for the festivities with games, giveaways, and product demonstrations.
Our infamous boot-on-wheels rolls to the Empire State to celebrate the grand opening of our sixth store in New York, and first on Long Island. Join us at the Smith Haven Mall for a weekend of family-friendly activities, great deals and, of course, SHOEnanigans!
BIGFOOT cruises to the Motor City to support the Detroit Riverfront Conservancy's mission to bring public access to a beautiful resource. Don't fret — the Boot is also bringing something: coupons, giveaways and our "On the Water" product display.
The Bootmobile will be on hand to break ground in the Badger State as L.L. Bean opens its first retail location in Wisconsin, where the first 200 guests through the door are treated to a gift card valued at up to $500!
It's only fitting that the world's largest boot attends the world's largest music festival! Our Summer Fun tour rolls to Summerfest to celebrate the event's 50th anniversary, bringing games, giveaways and coupons to this mega-event in America's Dairyland.
The Bootmobile rolls into the 'Windy City' for three days of food, music, and fun at the world's largest food festival. Try your hand at boot-toss or hop aboard our stand-up paddleboard simulator with Lake Michigan as the perfect summer backdrop.
Minnesota is home to more miles of bicycle trails than any other state in the union, and though our larger-than-life boot has two wheels too many to participate in the race, the Bootmobile will make a cameo at the Big Woods Classic, bringing games, prizes and the ultimate photo-op.
Bring the family down to Hadlock Field to celebrate L.L.Bean Day with the Portland Sea Dogs. Try your hand at the boot toss and snap a photo with Slugger, L.L. Bear, and the Bootmobile!
We're pointing our toe back east and traveling to the shores of Lake Ontario for a weekend of outdoor fun, product displays and gear giveaways at the Oswego Harborfest.
Our rolling icon makes tracks to Waterville for this bi-annual event in support of the ATC's mission to preserve and manage the Appalachian Trail, 281.4 miles of which traverse the Pine Tree State.
The Bootmobile is headed to Point State Park at the confluence of the Three Rivers in Pittsburgh. Check out our "On The Water" product display, win prizes and test out our kayak and SUP simulators!
Our Summer Fun Tour concludes in grand fashion just outside Milwaukee. Be sure to grab discount coupons for our new store in Brookfield and the ultimate selfie before the Bootmobile heads back east to Maine!
The original Bootmobile was so popular, it needed a sidekick. So, we built a second. It's a bit smaller, lighter and greener—the engine is biodiesel compatible. An interactive entertainment system adds to the fun. Now we have a fleet of big feet, revving up for a season of special events near and far.
Shoe sizes would be 747 and 708. The person wearing them would be about 143 feet tall. That's 32 feet taller than the Statue of Liberty.
Bootmobile 1 - 13' 6"
Bootmobile 2 - 11' 6"
Bootmobile 1 - Built on a Ford F250 frame, steel and fiberglass construction
Bootmobile 2 - Built on a GMC Sierra 2500 HD chassis frame, aluminum and fiberglass construction
Shoelaces are made of 12-strand braided mooring rope, capable of towing 106,000 lb.
An interview with Bootmobile Driver, L.L.Bean ambassador, and outdoorsman Eddie Flaherty
Known to his coworkers as "Eddie of the Woods," Eddie Flaherty is more than just gifted at driving the 13-foot Bootmobile. This Registered Maine Guide leads whitewater rafting adventures, is an avid fly fisherman, and plans on playing semi-pro football when he's not on the road.
We thought it would be great to catch up with Eddie and learn what it's like behind the wheel.
To learn more about the bootmobile
or request an appearance,
send your inquiry to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Download [Substratum] Destiny Theme apk 6 free for Android smartphone
Posted by Paolo Giubilato in Personalization | Sept. 7, 2016 | 40 Comments
Apk file size: 15.0 MB
• [Substratum] Destiny Theme is only for [Substratum] and [Substratum Legacy] (Stock Andoid) Supported ROM. NOT for CM ThemeEngine. •
[Substratum] Destiny Theme is designed to make the user experience a bit more special than the stock, simple one. Destiny won't upset Google Material Design Colors, will only make them softer, special and enjoyable.
Destiny Theme will try to modify a large number of applications to bring them all in the same style! Everyday I work to theme other apps and improve the theme with bugfixes.
Themed Apps: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxbGsFFmj-BdbFE1MzNvMUUzUGc/view?usp=sharing
•Others coming soon...
For every bug report, issue, suggest you can join my G+ community here:
- https://plus.google.com/u/0/communities/108786070236823056383 -
Or feel free to email me for EVERYTHING! I'm here for YOU!
Whats new
-Fixed every crash in Settings!
-Removed Instagram for now, new version make it crash
Paolo Giubilato part of our Personalization and have average installs from 1000 to 5000. Last Update Sept. 7, 2016. Google play rating is 96.2353. Current verison is 6. Actual size 15.0 MB.
Similar applications
[Substratum] DestinyDark Theme213 Comments
40 Comments
Niisu Nalle
PlayStore layer does not work with Nexus 5 with Chroma. PlayStore Version 5.4.12. EDIT: works with stock 480dpi
Christopher Mosco
Awesome!! On Cataclysm and its the nicest theme out there.I'm not into all these dark themes I like lighter one's so thank you and Great work!!!!
John Hegberg
Nearly every layers theme is dark and the few light ones are painful on the eye. This wonderful theme keeps the spirit of Lollipop but adds an elegance to the colors. It's perfect.
Albert Robinson
Everything is themed perfectly No hard to read text, great colours, overall amazing layers theme, thanks dev!!
Max Gottein
Quality Time!!! Perfectly designed layers. Extremly harmonic play of colors. Congratulations on this masterpiece!
Zyryn Rodrigues
Really well made theme !! Very responsive and helpful dev.
Miguel A. Sanz Peynado
Notifications on Ambient Display I can't read notifications using ambient display because the letters are the same color as the notification badge. Please fix
Abhishek Vijendra
The package name does not appear below the WhatsApp and YouTube in layers.. Is it something wrong I have done or its not working..?? Using stock rom marshmallow #nexus 6P... Please help.. Thanks. And i miss the faded icons which used to be before..
ian villanueva
I love your theme thanks to you developer for making this kjnd of theme, almost perfect. One thing i don't like with this is from settings the icon of Bluetooth and sim services is the same with Bluetooth icon, if you fixed this ill give you a perfect 5 star. Thanks for a wonderful rro themes next time I'm going to buy destiny dark
Omar Ahmed
Amazing Theme This theme is not only beautiful but also is 100% complete unlike a lot of others
Alec Mckay
Legend Using a combination of this and the dark variant together and I like it. Not over keen on the transparent drawer and folders though. Would love a overlay that just changes the google and accent colours and leaves it white. Worth the pennies for both. EDIT: I noticed. Themes perfect now. Love it, thanks champ. Loving the rounded recent and changes to settings too ☺
Kris Hofmann
Excellent theme. Very well put together theme. My new favorite.
Taegyoon Kim
I luv it But i wish you could change the brightness control thing on the notification drawer it is too small
Kartik Gaje
The ONLY theme which never gave me boot loops.. Works flawless & attention to detail is really good.
Dan Stacy
Nice I like this theme a lot, gonna try out the dark version as well.
Tom Coleman
Hands down the best Colors are beautiful, tons of themed apps and ui elements. Worth every penny.
Himal Limbu
can you please make brightness handle little large.
Anurag Gothwal
dude now its 5 ××××× color scheme is really nice specially the soft pink in Gmail and Google +and Facebook layers are awesome
Layton Diament
Looks great I really enjoy the pallette used here. Nice work. *Edit:* The developer is totally responsive. Awesome support!
Aljhon Barte
Simplicity at its best! My default theme for my RRO roms. :D
Alberto Gomez
Perfect My go-to layers/cm theme. Purchased both and I'm very happy with them.
Josh Borgsmiller
Not sure Not sure if its just me or if it's with a lot of people, but neither the light or dark theme are seeming to layer the nav bar.
Chase Weaver
Excellent Can we get a themed Google Launcher for Android M?
Miguel A. Sanz Peynado
Great Layer Theme
King Dj
??????? Can I marry this theme????
Ursul Daniel
updated? i think i prefer the old toggle button, this one feels superficial and pale
Anurag Gothwal
color scheme is really nice specially the soft pink in Gmail and Google +and Facebook layers are awesome
George Buller
Thank you developer for a beautiful theme I love this theme. Minor embellishment over wholesale changes. Hope you add designs for more apps and continue work on this project.
Great theme!
Abimael Rox Lamboy
My go to RRO theme
Harish Kumar
Awesome One of the best layers theme I have ever used
Ursul Daniel
updated? great, now some elements are gone, brightness slider is back to stock
Thanh Mai
For a lot of things the status bar icons are dark. Especially in chrome where you can't even see the status bar. But otherwise, nice theme
Ryan Shipe
Best substratum theme I try different themes all the time, but within an hour or two I'm always back on destiny (or destiny dark). So good.
Jean-Sébastien Beaulieu
Good, but... GPM notification is white on white Awesome theme all-around, but Google Play Music sticks out like a sore thumb on white SystemUI, which is a big reason I like this theme. The notification is white text on white background. It'd be a 5 star for me otherwise!
Brian Haney
Finally found the perfect theme for me. Thanks!
Alberto Piras
Simple and awesome I wanted to install this theme since the first time I saw it while I was using CMTE and now that I've turned to Layers Theme I can use this awesome theme
Ursul Daniel
thanks for the fix, theme is great


text:
Coming up with decent birthday cake ideas for your baby or big kid can be a struggle. Sometimes to discover what you are looking for, it's best to leaf through pictures of cakes to find the right inspiration. This gallery of cakes range from traditional to the tad-bit odd, but might help you along the way.

These caterpillar cupcakes are inspired by Eric Carle's popular book, The Very Hungry Caterpillar.

As a former elementary school teacher, I can't tell you how much I love good children's literature. These caterpillars inspired from the classic book, The Very Hungry Caterpillar, will certainly delight your baby on her first birthday or for older preschoolers and children.

One of the advantages of using cupcakes instead of a traditional birthday cake is that it makes serving the cake go much easier. It also helps with portion control, as many times little kids can't handle a big piece of cake on their own.

If your child has other favorite stories, get creative and design your own literature-based cupcake. For example:

Curious George

Charlotte's Web

Harry Potter

The Wizard of Oz

What's better than a party with lots of cupcakes? A party with one BIG cupcake!

Cupcakes are classic favorites with kids of all ages, and this cupcake takes that love to a super-sized realm. Whether this one is for a baby's first birthday party or even for an older teen, your cupcakes' birthday cake will be a huge hit.

So how do you construct a giant size cupcake? Wilton makes it easy with their giant cupcake pan. The cake bakes as two separate pieces for easy assembly. Simply apply a thin layer of icing between the two sections to stabilize the cake. Then ice and decorate your giant cupcake to suit the party theme.

If you are looking for a great recipe to bake inside that unique mold, Wilton's Chocolate Pound Cake Recipe is recommended by the manufacturer. It takes about 60 to 70 minutes to bake fully and will be a scrumptious hit for the party.

A Sesame Street cake is a popular choice for first birthday parties.

I don't think I've ever seen a finer Sesame Steet cake then this one here. Made by professional decorators at Edible Artistry in the great state of Georgia, it's almost a shame to cut into it! This cake is nicely complimented with purchased plastic figurines. They make a nice keepsake for after the cake is all eaten up.

If you do opt to choose an elaborate cake for your baby's first birthday, you may want to consider purchasing a smaller cake that's meant for his enjoyment alone. You may not want to have him grab a handful of such a fine cake.

A Sesame Street theme is easily complimented with commercial party products. You won't have to hunt to find party supplies to go with your Sunny Day theme. Compare prices on current party accessories.

Have you ever seen anything as clever as this Lego cake?

Both Lego and Duplo Blocks (Compare prices) have long been a favorite of children. This homemade Lego cake without a doubt takes the cake! Though intended for the first birthday, you can easily adapt this cake to any age you wish.

Curious how this creative mom created the snap-in studs to enhance the cake? She molded thinly rolled fondant icing around stubby drinking straws. After allowing time to become somewhat dry, she scored the fondant and very carefully slid the studs free from the straw.

This cake is a great example of how with just a little imagination, your child's cake can be very unique.

This three-dimensional bear cake is cute at every angle!

If you are looking for a cake with a little more pop, consider something like this adorable teddy bear cake. Add in smaller decorative cakes to compliment a larger main cake. Use your child's interests to help build your theme.

If you like the bear theme, our About.com Guide to Kids' Parties and Celebrations suggests making sure the theme is carried into the party favors. If you can locate small stuffed teddy bears, these toys would be a cherished memento from the party.

Need help finding some teddy bear favors? Compare prices of cute bears.

What family hasn't sung along verse after verse to the popular children's tune, The Wheels on the Bus? Why not have a School Bus Happy Birthday Cake?

Got a little one who loves chocolate? Make it a chocolate birthday cake inside and out.

This chocolate bithday cake looks almost too pretty to eat. Almost that is.

I can just see a little party-goer plucking off the chocolate flowers and fresh raspberries in pure delight. Chocolate goes so well with fresh fruit - which is something else you might want to consider for your special cake.

To help brighten the party when using a cake iced with chocolate, consider using a bright table cloth or bold colored napkins to bring in some contrasting color. The background will certainly draw even more attention to your already yummy-looking cake. Set the stage for your cake by carefully constructing a vibrant backdrop.

When pulling out first birthday cake ideas, consider what makes your baby or child happy.

You're humming the tune "Rubber Duckie" in your head now, aren't you?

This adorably cute cake celebrates with a familiar item that your baby (or child) already knows. Though a common household item (at least for households with young children anyway), this birthday cake is anything but ordinary.

When you pick your cake's theme, you may want to stop by the scrapbooking aisle of your local craft store and see what embellishments they may have. Pictures of the cherished birthday cake adorned with little baubles and trinkets make a memorable scrapbook page from a memorable day.

Looking for rubber duckie scrapbook items, compare prices.

Some families yawn at "the same old same old" cakes. First birthday's can follow the road less traveled.

I'll be honest, this cake is not exactly something I would pick for my child. That being said, I can honestly say I've never seen a first birthday cake that looked anything like this one.

I can only assume that the cake is a reflection of some aspect of the family's personality. Now I am not saying that they are fixated on the dead, but perhaps they follow more of an alternative path to life or walk a little on the wildside. Who knows?

If that is the case, I like how they infused an aspect of their family's collective personality and brought it to the party. Little hearts for eye-sockets, and a sweet pink bow on top of the skull? You have to admit there certainly is an element of cuteness to this cake.

This pirate cake really sets sail at the party.

Here is another cake that you feel it's almost a shame to cut into. This particular cake was made by a local grocery store, which may be a better option for you if you feel a little cake-making-challenged.

Pirate themes can be very popular parties for boys in particular. If you are looking for some ideas for a pirate party, you might consider asking your guests to come in costume, make treasure map invitations, and decorate party central with a nautical motif.

The star cake features the child's name.

This star cake is one of my favorite momma-made cakes. Though I don't think I personally have the skill to create this cake, I can see that people have some talent with cake decorating could re-produce this cake for their child.

This is also a cake that is suitable for any age and any gender. Girls may like a "You're a Star" theme party (Compare prices.) Boys might better appreciate an all-star theme (Compare prices).

Personalize the stars and letters with the guest of honor's favorite colors. Add in special sparkling candles or candles which burn with colored flames for added effect. This star cake has a simple design that can be adapted in many ways to focus on your child's interests.

Birthday cakes for girls don't have to be just about princesses.

I often struggle with the fact that sometimes it seems that 90% of the birthday cakes for girls are all about princesses. While I like princesses, don't get me wrong, sometimes it seems like every time I turn around some princess paraphernalia is staring me in the face. And to top it off, it seems like it's always pink and princessy!

That's why I love this bold ladybug cake so much. It's fun and adorable and not pink or a princess! You might want to consider adorning your child in a precious ladybug costume to show off her festive side. Additionally, you could pass out head bopper head bands (compare prices) as antenna party favors.

Often children's birthday cakes are decorated with toys.

What little boy wouldn't be thrilled with this construction work cake? Dump trucks, dirt, and things that go va-rooom are surely at the heart of little boys everywhere. He'll want to snatch the trucks off the top of the cake and get to playing, pronto!

A construction themed birthday party is one that will be relatively easy to decorate and find fun games and favors. Whether you go with a character like Bob the Builder or simply opt for a construction truck theme, there are plenty of resources to enhance the party available.

This tiger cake is a witty-twist on the child's name.

So not many of us have a child's name suited to fit the tiger cake pictured here, but you might be able to figure out a way to include the child's first or last name into the actual design of the cake.

Flower baby names have become increasingly popular in recent years, so if you a Lily, Rose, or Daisy, you might want to use that as a theme.

Boys with names like Hunter, Ryder, and Leo might have a hunting, racing, or lion cake. Not every name will lend itself well to a themed birthday party. But for those children whom it does work, they might find the cake a little extra-special that year. It's a wonderful way to encourage your child to embrace their given name.

Why not go for something a little more dramatic? Consider birthday cake designs that deviate from the traditional. These cakes make for an exciting, interesting centerpiece on the birthday boy's (or girl)table.

You can add flair to the cake by using cutters to emboss a design into the fondant or use acecssories, like ribbons or edible candies, to add pizzazz.

Emily Elizabeth isn't the only one who has fallen in love with that famous big red dog. While the late John Ritter gave Clifford his voice, your baby might be vocal of his delight in a Clifford Cake.

Favorite book or cartoon characters are often used as party themes, and Norman Bridwell's charater's from Birdwell Island might suit your little one's fancy.

I love this homemade heart cake. Bold colors are a favorite due to baby's developing vision, as well as the movement and motion that the little bobbing hearts add as the cake topper.

This non-traditional cake is both whimsical and eye-catching. For added flare, add color when you cut the cake by using a strawberry cake or red velvet cake recipe.

When looking at first birthday cakes, many parents find sophisticated cakes to be very appealing.

This sweet first birthday cake looks almost like a present sitting there on the table. Embellished with a fine Swiss dot pattern and decorative bow, this cake is lovely.

Cakes such as this one can be even more stunning when a delicious filling is used to enhance the flavor of the cake. You might want to consider some of these cake filling recipes:

Girls' birthday cakes can be as just as fun shopping around for as little girls clothing. Sweet, fun, and simply adorable.

This particular cake (a homemade one, believe it or not) packs a bright bunch with its vibrant color. You might consider using a well-colored icing or fondant as the canvas for your little girl's special birthday cake.


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Question: Why and how can time management help with stress and
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Answer to relevant Questions1. How should Bobbi approach Paul about the situation? 2. What do you think Paul's reaction(s) will be? 3. Do you agree with the company's policy of promoting only college graduates to the maintenance superintendent ...In management by exception, the supervisor focuses on exceptional deviations from standard, rather than every deviation. Will employees grow lax when they realize they can per-form below standard, so long as they are not too ...Explain the supervisor's role in supporting lean concepts. What is discipline? Why have union-free employers begun implementing grievance procedures, including mandatory arbitration, traditionally found only in unionized workplaces?
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Garnered an industry award while licensing toy carsin Prescott, AZ. Had moderate success creating marketing channels for toy partsna, FL. Spent 2002-2008 short selling toy trucks in Deltona, FL. Spoke at an international conference about merchandising cars rescott, AZ. A real dynamo when it comes to importing toy cars!
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My name is Christopherr Mendoza. Im from Toronto, Canada. I am a web/graphic designer, basketball junkie, aspiring face melting guitar shredder... and I also love street photography.
Ever since I was a kid, I loved to just sit and watch people. I would just sit and observe people going about their daily lives and watch as they interact with others and/or their environment. What are they doing? Where are they going? What's their story?
Life on the street can offer such a dynamic range of theatre. To some people, these moments appear to be bland, uninteresting and routine. But there are slices which are beautiful. Moments people seem to miss or take for granted. Those are the moments that I try to capture. Photographing the street is so raw and unpredictable. And it is because of this, which draws me to the street with my camera next to my eye.
Want to know more? Please don't hesitate to contact me.
Flickr | Twitter | Blog | Dribbble | Instagram
All photos on this website were taken by me, Christopherr Mendoza.
Please don't steal my photos or use for commercial use without my permission. :)
All Rights Reserved © 2010 - 2016


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Paintball is like chess, in that both require complex strategizing and both are almost impossible to win against autonomous robots. Add a dash of humanity to your next game with today's Groupon to BattlegroundZ in Attleboro. Choose between the following options:
• For $25, you get two all-day paintball-play packages, which includes gun rental, unlimited ammunition, a facemask, all-day air, and a protective vest (up to a $69.90 value).
• For $25, you get two all-day passes to play laser tag (a $50 value).
At BattlegroundZ's indoor paintball facility, masked-and-visored shooters safely bombard each other with reusable silicone balls while negotiating 10,000 square feet of treacherous halls and repositionable obstacles. Depending on the particular skirmish, paintballers strive to accomplish a variety of objectives, from pelting other players to capturing an opposing team's flag to stealing all the cookies from opponents' houses. The multihued fray rages four days per week and can be joined by children ages 10 and older. BattlegroundZ ensures that launched projectiles don't exceed speeds of 250 feet per second, so each hit feels less like a blow to the body and more like a raspberry to the soul.
Open all week, BattlegroundZ's 5,000-square-foot laser-tag arena pits futuristically equipped opponents against one another in timeless tussles played out within a surreal glow-in-the-dark milieu. As music resounds through the arena and weapons audibly prompt their wielders, players 5 and older try to avoid enemy fire, occasional blasts from the interactive playing field, and the ghosts of Pink Floyd while scoring points by shooting the enemy's base.
BattlegroundZ facilitates recreational combat with an indoor compound designed to accommodate games of paintball, Splatmaster paintball, airsoft, Knockerball, foam-dart, and laser tag. At BattlegroundZ's facility, masked and visored shooters safely bombard each other with reusable silicone balls while negotiating bunkers and repositionable obstacles. Depending on the particular skirmish, joyful gangs of paintballers strive to accomplish a variety of objectives, from ganging up on a marauding band of zombies, to pelting other players to capturing an opposing team's flag or tricking rivals into designing a flag with clashing colors.
The 5,000-square-foot laser-tag arena lets combatants take cover behind phosphorescent partitions as they take aim at enemies clad in illuminated vests. BattlegroundZ also hosts airsoft competitions in which players dodge BBs while attempting to accomplish tactical objectives in multiple buildings, including two sniper towers. Before games, weapons are tested to ensure they do not fire pellets faster than 350 feet-per-second, so their impact feels less like a blow to the body and more like a raspberry to the soul. For those looking for a purely virtual experience BattlegroundZ also features a 5,000-square-foot arcade with swipe-card system.


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Details & Care
Sporty wraparound frames define lightweight sunglasses fitted with polarized lenses for high-quality vision protection.
- 62mm lens width; 14mm bridge width; 130mm temple length.
- Gucci style number: GG1041S.
- 100% UV protection.
- Plastic.
- By Gucci; made in Italy.
- Men's Furnishings.
- Item #686531


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- Home
- Accommodation
- Weddings
- Conferences
- Food
- Events
- Visit Tenby
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- Contact Us
Call us on 01834 842507 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Come and join us for good food & entertainment at the Giltar Hotel.... the home of the great night out!
Please call us on 01834 842507 to book your tickets
Friday 3rd March 2017 ***SOLD OUT***
TJ Reloaded
The ultimate tribute to Wales' greatest home grown talent and sex bomb, Sir Tom Jones. Get up and shake those hips – all the hits and all the movest at this great Giltar Night out.
£29.50pp Show & Meal
£75.00pp Show & Stay
Friday 28th April 2017 ***SOLD OUT***
A Night with Owen Money
Wales' top comedian - star of Radio Wales and BBC Wales comes to entertain you at the Giltar. Take your seats and enjoy a night of comedy at its very best!
£75.00pp Show & Stay
£75.00pp Show & Stay
Friday 14th July 2017
£29.50pp Show & Meal
£85.00pp Show & Stay
Valley Boys - a tribute to the Jersey Boys
Back at the Giltar by popular demand. With over 30 years of West End experience, we think they're the only jersey Boys tribute worth seeing. Expect amazing performance of 'Big Girls Don't Cry' 'Sherry' 'Oh, what a night' and more. Book early as tickets sell out fast for these guys!
£29.50pp Show & Meal
£75.00pp Show & Stay
Thursday 23rd November 2017
Murder Mystery Panto at the Giltar
Some of Panto`s finest characters come to the Giltar Hotel this November as they take a quick break in Tenby before starting their busy winter schedules.
But all is not well and murder is in the air. Is Simon quite as simple as he seems? Is Snow White feeling Happy? And be careful of Abanazar. He`s a magician and can turn you into a prawn cocktail…and that`s just for starters!
But don`t worry. Because D I Dai Laffin of the West Tenby Constabulary is on hand to bring any wrongdoers to justice – with your help, of course!
£29.50pp Show & Meal
£75.00pp Show & Stay
Thursday 7th December 2017
Jimi Webb tribute to Michael Buble
A fantastic night with Wales' Top Michael Buble and "King of Swing" tribute - Jimi Webb.
£29.50pp Show & Meal
£75.00pp Show & Stay
Thursday 14th December 2017
Tribute to Robbie Williams
Enjoy a night of Robbie through the years - everything from 'Swing when you're winning' through to Robbie's latest album
£29.50pp Show & Meal
£75.00pp Show & Stay
Thursday 21st December 2017
Christmas Party Tribute Night with "The Tina Turner Experience"
Re-creating the look of Tina, the mannerisms and the stage presence. Song after song is delivered with Tina Tuner's style, precision and power. The Tina Turner Experience is dedicated to being 'Simply the Best' andhas the accolage of being vote 'Best Female tribute' You're in for a party to remember with 'Private Dancer' 'What's love got to do with it' amongst floow filling songs
£29.50pp Show & Meal
£75.00pp Show & Stay
Dates for your diary...
Keep checking our website for further details:


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Two readers have reported getting a message at startup that Foreign File Access will not install, after updating to Mac OS 7.6. Another reader said that his system crashed at startup with this file installed. I have the file installed on two Macs running 7.6 and have seen no sign of this symptom. Still, it appears that there is a problem in some cases.
On a related matter, I have gotten several reports that a feature of the CD-ROM driver included with Mac OS 7.6 - that it works with third party CD-ROM drives - may not be a total success. Several readers have complained that they could not get their Mac to recognize their CD-ROM drive with this software installed. Switching to another driver worked.


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Ann Swartz
Ann Swartz formerly known as Michaud passed away at the age of 59. Ann relocated from New Hampshire to Florida where she later met her husband Steven Swartz. Ann was a 1975 graduate from Berlin High School and attended courses at Daytona Beach Community College. In October of 2016 Ann resigned from her job at Craftworks, Inc. where she was the Office Manager because of health issues stemming from a respiratory disease which became problematic the previous year.
Ann leaves behind her loving and devoted husband Steven Swartz of Leesburg, Fla. Together they built a loving home and spent many hours talking and laughing. The bond Ann shared with her husband was strong, and unique. They loved traveling and visiting with family together as much as possible. Family was very important to Ann, as it is her husband.
Ann also leaves behind her mother/best friend Loretta Martel-Michaud of Berlin, her brother Robert Michaud II and his wife Theresa Michaud of Diboll, Texas, sister-in-law from pre-deceased brother Karen Michaud of Orange City, Fla., and her children Jennifer Duchesnaye and husband Jeffrey Duchesnaye of Berlin, Kristin Lilienthal and her companion Farnon Dix of Berlin, Ross Beaudoin and companion Cassandra Aubut of Berlin. As well as her three stepchildren Rodger Beaudoin and his wife Bianka Beaudoin of Manchester, Steven Swartz Jr. and his wife Korah Swartz of Norwalk, Ohio, Chris Swartz of Grove City, Ohio. Grandchildren being Michael Jodrie and wife Jamie Jodrie of Milan, Kady Duchesnaye and fiance Jake Alimandi of Berlin, Asya Langlois and husband Dustin Langlois of Goldsboro, N.C., Amber Duchesnaye of Berlin, Ashley Kempen of Berlin, Caden Kempen of Berlin, Lance Beaudoin of Berlin, Ella Aubut of Berlin, Brenna Aubut of Berlin, Rodger Beaudoin Jr. and wife Tracy Beaudoin of Saint Augustine, Fla., Breanna Beaudoin of Barnstead, Fla., Kaiden Swartz of Norwalk, Ohio, Shea Swartz of Norwalk, Ohio. And then there was her great grandchildren Ryleygh Ann Langlois and Benjamin Langlois both of Goldsboro, N.C., and Leona Jodrie of Milan. Ann leaves behind many nephews Robert Michaud III, Jon Michaud, Daniel Michaud, Dylan Michaud and one niece Makayla Michaud. There are many aunts and uncles as well.
Ann is predeceased by her father Robert Michaud, brother Brian Michaud, maternal grandparents Anita Demers-Martel and Arthur Martel, paternal grandparents Evelyn Arsenault-Michaud and Arthur Michaud, previous fiance Frank Beauvais.
Ann was the "Queen of Facebook", always full of laughter and jokes. She loved to post and reach out to many. She was very "loved" and cared for. Ann made sure to call her mom daily, write or call her kids many times a week. She loved and adored her husband without a doubt. Her husband spent many hours on the road and Ann made sure to keep him company with their lengthy telephone conversations. Ann's children remember her as a kind, gentle, patient, and driven mother who encouraged them to pursue their goals. Much of her family referred to her as "T-Rex" because of her short arms. And when she spoke she seemed to have spoke with her hands.
A Celebration of her Life will be held on February 25, 2017, from 2 to 8 p.m. at the Eagles Club #1464, 8 Green Street, Berlin. All are welcome to attend and celebrate Ann's life. Ann's family is carrying out her wishes in she did not want a funeral she wanted a party. Condolences can be sent to: Steven Swartz & Family, 32405 Beach Park Rd. Lot# 70, Leesburg, FL 34788. The family would like to thank all in advance for sympathy sent.


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Saturdays, 2:30pm – 3:30pm
at The Meeting Place
1077 East Montague Avenue, North Charleston, SC 29405
$10 or $5 students/seniors (free for Monthly Members)
Transform Your Summer
From barbecues to beaches, the summer is often a time for rest and vacation. However, we often experience many anxieties and conflicts with friends or family in our attempt to "get away from it all", and return home feeling exhausted.
In this drop in class series you will learn practical methods to transform all your summer experiences into powerful causes of deep inner peace. Each class will include a brief guided meditation and a short practical teaching. Everyone is welcome.
Class Format
Every class will begin with a brief introduction, followed by a guided breathing meditation and the Liberating Prayer. After meditation, there will be a short teaching and time for Q&A.
Class Schedule
June 28: Happiness from a different source
July 5: Life is precious, life is short
July 12: Love is all you need
July 19: Compassion in daily life
July 26: The power of acceptance
August 2: Life is like a dream
I wish I could make these meetings but the time always gets in the middle of some other plans. I hope you all enjoy today!
1 · July 26, 2014
Refunds are not offered for this Meetup.
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


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Bantams outscore Northshire, 2-1
BRATTLEBORO — The Greater Springfield League's (GSL) Thanksgiving Break limited the number of games played by Brattleboro Hockey Association (BHA) teams over the holiday weekend, but it did not stop the fun on the ice at Living Memorial Park's Nelson Withington rink. BHA House League majors and minors were skating, shooting, and scoring on (Black) Friday evening. On Saturday morning, novices — ages 6-7 preparing for their first cross ice games beginning in January — and learn to skate participants were out on the ice, having an awesome time. There's still time to sign up for these Brattleboro based BHA programs.
With no GSL contest scheduled, on Sunday the Brattleboro Squirts, undefeated in the GSL South, traveled to Amherst to take on Amherst Hockey Association's Squirt A team at the Mullins Center, on the the campus of the University of Massachusetts in a non-league contest.
The Squirt Hawks took an early 1-0 lead after forward Sam Hall broke through the defense and ripped a shot past the Amherst goalie.
The next four goals were scored by Amherst's powerful offense.
The Hawks' defensive corps, comprised by Rowan Lonergan, Marina Wilson, Kyle Hamilton and Alex Dumont, rose to the challenge, doing an outstanding job and keeping Brattleboro in the game. Goalie Nick Gerard also played a strong game, making several nice saves.
Late in the second period, Brattleboro was able to cut the score to 4-2 on a hard wrist shot by forward Emmett Smith.
The third period was very competitive, and with five minutes left in the game Brattleboro scored its third goal when William Miskovich buried a rebound in the back of the net, assisted by Will Hill.
The Hawks pulled their goaltender with a minute left in the game, looking to score the tying goal but were unable to do so, leaving the Amherst Squirts with a 4-3 victory in this non-league game.
The BHA's Bantams were also in action on Sunday morning, playing their first Vermont Amateur Hockey Association (VAHA) game of the season against the Northshire Bulldogs. After the puck dropped at the Withington rink, the game was played at a brisk pace and featured strong goaltending. In the end, Brattleboro's tandem of Forrest Wohnus and Austin Wood were equal to the task, as the Hawks prevailed 2-1.
Northshire scored quickly, getting on the board in the first minute of the game, sliding the puck past Wohnus following a rebound on the first shot of the game.
Brattleboro regrouped and evened the score at 1-1 in the first on a shot from the top of the right circle by defenseman Mason Foard. Andrew Peloso was credited with an assist on the goal, capping off some fine puck movement by the Bantam Hawks.
Jakob Curtiss scored an unassisted goal early in the second period, putting the Hawks up 2-1, which proved to be be the game winner. The Hawks played solid up-tempo hockey the rest of the way, repelling Northshire's third period surge. The win was secured when a Bulldog attacker managed to gain possession and break in alone on goalie Austin Wood late in the third. Wood made the save, sending the breakaway skater's shot harmlessly into the corner.
The Bantams return to GSL action with a Saturday morning game against Holy Name Black.
If you'd like to leave a comment (or a tip or a question) about this story with the editors, please email us. We also welcome letters to the editor for publication; you can do that by filling out our letters form and submitting it to the newsroom.


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Ford of Europe will debut more models in the all-new Mondeo lineup and a redesigned C-Max cross/utility vehicle at next month's 2007 Geneva auto show.
The new Mondeo range boasts three distinct models: a 4-door, 5-door and wagon, Ford says, adding it is the "most technologically advanced car we've ever launched." The wagon bowed at the Paris auto show last fall.
All Mondeos incorporate Ford's "kinetic design" styling language, which the auto maker says "expresses energy in motion." Kinetic design will make its way across Ford of Europe's lineup throughout the year.
New technologies include keyless entry and keyless start with a "Ford Power" start button; new Ford Convers+Human Machine Interface (HMI) instrument display that controls such functions as the sound and navigation system and phone; adaptive cruise control with Forward Alert, Interactive Vehicle Dynamics Control and Hill Launch Assist; and a tire pressure monitoring system.
The Mondeo will offer a wide range of diesel and gasoline engine options, including:
- 1.8L Duratorq TDCi diesel.
- 2.0L Duratorq TDCi diesel.
- 2.0L Duratorq TDCi diesel.
- 1.6L Duratec gasoline.
- 2.0L Duratec gasoline.
- New 2.3L Duratec 4-cyl. gasoline.
- High-performance 2.5L Duratec 5-cyl. gasoline.
Available transmissions, depending on the engine choice, include a 6-speed automatic and 5- and 6-speed manuals.
The new Mondeo will be assembled at Ford's Genk, Belgium, plant.
Joining the car on the Geneva stage will be a refreshed C-Max CUV.
Like the Mondeo, the C-Max incorporates elements of Ford of Europe's kinetic design language, most notably in the restyled front end, which Ford says combines hard lines with muscular, flowing forms.
The 5-seat C-Max will be available in four trim levels – Ambiente, Trend, Ghia and Titanium.
The uplevel Ghia and Titanium series can be further upgraded with an X-pack, which features full leather trim with a 6-way power adjustable driver's seat, 4-way manual height adjustable passenger seat, and privacy glass for the Ghia.
The Titanium series with X-pack gets a new panorama roof, sport seats with partial leather trim, bi-xenon headlamps and unique front and lower grilles.
The new C-Max will be available with a choice of three gasoline and three diesel engines. Both gas and diesel mills will be offered in 1.6L, 1.8L, and 2.0L displacements.
Available transmissions include a 5-speed manual for the 1.6L, 1.8L and 2.0L gasoline engines and the 1.6L and 1.8L diesels.
A 6-speed manual comes standard with the 2.0L diesel, and a 4-speed automatic is available with the 2.0L gas engine.
The new C-Max goes on sale across Europe beginning in April.


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Model Mayhem Admin
Trisha MarxModel Female Los Angeles, California, US
My Website: Trisha and SophiaMy MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/trishamarx
Mayhem # 517339
About Me
Hey! I am a lively upbeat model looking to work on a portfolio. I am looking forward to starting a new life in Los Angeles as well as starting up a modeling career. I don't have much experience, but i am easy to work with.
I want to be able to bring someone with me to any shoots I do.
I can be reached by email. TFP, Paid assignments, no nudity and in state assignments work best for me. I want to see what I can do in this field and hopefully find a career in it. I am up for all sorts of shoots, high fashion, fantasy, swimsuit, rock, punk, casual, evening. Let me know what you are looking to do and I will help it come alive.
If you want to work with me, Let me know:
what to bring
what you have
if other models are showing up
what you hope to accomplish
what you are looking for in the shoot
Have you worked with Trisha Marx? Add Credits for Trisha Marx! >>
Credit Notes
Thank you to the following people for all their help:
Mark Blu MM# 3115615
renster825 MM# 400079
Jami Lyn MM# 537438 plus her team
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Given the all-clear: Basma Wahbe now cancer-free
Bassma Wahbe has been thankfully cured of breast cancer. (Image: Youtube snapshot)
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After a painful year of fighting cancer, Eyptian actress Basma Wahbe was given the best news of her life: She's cancer-free.
The actress announced that she's been cleared of breast cancer after completing a medical exam in Geneva, Switzerland, where she was being treated.
The media personality announced the happy news on her Facebook page. "I'd like to announce the good news; after completing all the required medical examinations in Geneva, as well as going through a whole year of breast cancer treatment, the results have come back as negative. Thank God."
The star thanked everyone for their support throughout her ordeal and comfirmed that she will be returning to Egypt within a month from now.