text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 15, 2005
|Filing date
|Oct 19, 2001
|Priority date
|Jan 11, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Emilio Camahort, Mark E. Holzbach, Robert L. Sitton
|Original Assignee
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (41), Classifications (15), Legal Events (14)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of, and claims the benefit of priority based on, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/760,097, entitled "Unbiased Light Field Models For Rendering And Holography," filed Jan. 11, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,549,308, and naming Emilio Camahort as the inventor, which in turn claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C � 119 (e), of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/175,475, entitled "Unbiased Light Field Models For Rendering And Holography," filed on Jan. 11, 2000 and naming Emilio Camahort as the inventor. The above-referenced applications are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
The present invention relates in general to the field of hologram production and, more particularly, processing image data for use in the production of holographic stereograms.
One-step hologram (including holographic stereogram) production technology has been used to satisfactorily record holograms in holographic recording materials without the traditional step of creating preliminary holograms. Both computer image holograms and non-computer image holograms may be produced by such one-step technology. In some one-step systems, computer processed images of objects or computer models of objects allow the respective system to build a hologram from a number of contiguous, small, elemental pieces known as hologram elements or hogels. To record each hogel on holographic recording material, an object beam is conditioned through the rendered image and interfered with by a reference beam. A number of hogels recorded together on the same piece of holographic recording material is often referred to as a tile. Examples of techniques for one-step hologram production can be found in the U.S. Patent Application entitled "Method and Apparatus for Recording One-Step, Full-Color, Full-Parallax, Holographic Stereograms," Ser. No. 09/098,581, naming Michael A. Klug, Mark E. Holzbach, and Alejandro J. Ferdman as inventors, and filed on Jun. 17, 1998, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Two-step holograms are created using indirect or transfer methods, that require recording a transfer hologram before printing the master hologram.
Similarly, two elements of a hologram production system 100 are shown in FIG. 1. Spatial light modulator (SLM) 130 includes a number of pixels 140 upon which a computer graphics image can be displayed. An object beam (not shown) passes through spatial light modulator 130, which modifies the intensity of the object beam according to values of the various pixels 140. This object beam typically passes through optics (not shown) so that when the object beam reaches tile 110, it can be used in conjunction with a reference beam to form an interference pattern which is recorded as hogel 120.
Distortion associated with the generation of hogels for horizontal-parallax-only (HPO) holographic stereograms is analyzed Michael W. Halle in The Generalized Holographic Stereogram, Master's Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 1991, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. In general for HPO holographic stereograms, the best viewer location where a viewer of a holographic stereogram can see an undistorted image is at the plane where the camera (or the camera model in the case of computer graphics images) captured the scene. This is an undesirable constraint on the viewability of holographic stereograms. Using several different techniques, one can compensate for the distortion introduced when the viewer is not at the same depth with respect to the hologram as the camera.
An anamorphic physical camera can be created with a standard spherical-surfaced lens coupled with a cylindrical lens, or alternately two crossed cylindrical lenses can be used. Using these optics, one can independently adjust horizontal and vertical detail in the stereogram images, thereby avoiding distortion. Such physical systems are typically large, expensive devices that can require constant readjustment throughout the hologram production process. For these and other reasons, anamorphic optics are typically used to correct for distortion in holographic stereogram production.
For a computer graphics camera, horizontal and vertical independence means that perspective calculations can be altered in one direction without affecting the other. Moreover, since the source of the images used for producing a holographic stereogram are typically rendered computer graphics images (or digital photographs), correcting the distortion as part of the image generation process is a common technique.
For example, if the computer graphics images being rendered can be rendered as if seen through the aforementioned physical optics (e.g., using ray tracing where the computer graphics model includes the optics between the scene and the computer graphics camera), then hogel images that account for distortion can be directly rendered. However, such an application of ray tracing is currently impractical given the speed of software ray-tracers, the expense of hardware ray-tracers, and the size of the data sets typically involved in holographic stereogram production.
Another technique for rendering hogel images that are "pre-distorted" is described in M. Halle and A Kropp, "Fast Computer Graphics Rendering for Full Parallax Spatial Displays," Practical Holography XI, Proc. SPIE, vol. 3011, pages 105-112, Feb. 10-11, 1997, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. While useful for its speed, the techniques of Halle and Kropp often introduce additional (and undesirable) rendering artifacts and are susceptible to problems associated with anti-aliasing. Improvements upon the techniques of Halle and Kropp are discussed in the U.S. Patent entitled "Rendering Methods For Full Parallax Autosteroscopic Displays," Ser. No. 09/474,361, naming Mark E. Holzbach and David Chen as inventors, and filed on Dec. 29, 1999, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Still another technique for rendering hogel images utilizes a computer graphics camera whose horizontal perspective (in the case of horizontal-parallax-only (HPO) and full parallax holographic stereograms) and vertical perspective (in the case for fill parallax holographic stereograms) are positioned at infinity. Consequently, the images rendered are parallel oblique projections of the computer graphics scene, ie., each image is formed from one set of parallel rays that correspond to one "direction". If such images are rendered for each of (or more than) the directions that a hologram printer is capable of printing, then the complete set of images includes all of the image data necessary to assemble all of the hogels.
This last technique is particularly useful for creating holographic stereograms from images created by a computer graphics rendering system utilizing imaged-based rendering. Image-based rendering systems typically generate different views of an environment from a set of pre-acquired imagery.
The development of image-based rendering techniques generally, and the application of those techniques to the field of holography have inspired the development of light field rendering as described by, for example, M. Levoy and P. Hanrahan in "Light Field Rendering," in Proceedings of SIGGRAPH′96, (New Orleans, La., Aug. 4-9, 1996), and in Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, pages 31-42, ACM SIGGRAPH, 1996, which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. The light field represents the amount of light passing through all points in 3D space along all possible directions. It can be represented by a high-dimensional function giving radiance as a function of time, wavelength, position and direction. The light field is relevant to image-based models because images are two-dimensions projections of the light field. Images can then be viewed as "slices" cut through the light field. Additionally, one can construct higher-dimensional computer-base models of the light field using images. A given model can also be used to extract and synthesize new images different from those used to build the model.
Formally, the light field represents the radiance flowing through all the points in a scene in all possible directions. For a given wavelength, one can represent a static light field as a five-dimensional (5D) scalar function L(x, y, z, θ, φ) that gives radiance as a function of location (x, y, z) in 3D space and the direction (θ, φ) the light is traveling. Note that this definition is equivalent to the definition of plenoptic function. Typical discrete (i.e., those implemented in real computer systems) light-field models represent radiance as a red, green and blue triple, and consider static time-independent light-field data only, thus reducing the dimensionality of the light-field function to five dimensions and three color components. Modeling the light-field thus requires processing and storing a 5D function whose support is the set of all rays in 3D Cartesian space. However, light field models in computer graphics usually restrict the support of the light-field function to four dimensional (4D) oriented line space. Two types of 4D light-field representations have been proposed, those based on planar parameterizations and those based on spherical, or isotropic, parameterizations.
As discussed in the aforementioned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/760,097, isotropic parameterizations are particularly useful for applications in computer generated holography. Isotropic models, and particularly direction-and-point parameterizations (DPP) introduce less sampling bias than planar parameterizations, thereby leading to a greater uniformity of sample densities. In general, DPP representations are advantageous because they require fewer correction factors than other representations, and thus their parameterization introduces fewer biases in the rendering process.
Returning to
For example, the hologram printers described in the in the aforementioned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/098,581, are capable of producing tiles that have 300 by 300 hogels (each hogel being approximately 2 mm by 2 mm). A typical spatial light modulator for such a system is a liquid crystal display (LCD) having a resolution of 1280 by 1024 pixels, where the relationship between each pixel and the hogel defines a rendering direction. If each pixel of each image is rendered in 24 bit color (3 bytes per pixel), then 300�300�1280�1024�3=342,835,200,000 bytes (approximately 335 GB) of data is required. With that much data, it is difficult to efficiently rearrange the image data to produce hogel images, given computer system memory capacity, storage capacity, storage latency, storage access transfer speeds, network bandwidth and latency, and processor constraints.
Accordingly, it is desirable to have efficient image data processing techniques for use in preparing hogel images for use in the production of holographic stereograms.
It has been discovered that novel image data processing techniques utilizing multiple processes operating on one or more processors of one or more computer systems can be used to efficiently rearrange or reparameterizing image data to form hogel images which can then be used to produce holographic stereograms. These techniques utilize matrix manipulation of portions of image data both within a single process, and across multiple processes typically executing on different processors, and each utilizing a subset of the overall set of image data.
Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention provides a computer-implemented method of processing image data for use in holographic stereograms. A plurality of image data sets is provided. At least one of the plurality of image data sets is loaded into a memory, wherein the at least one of the plurality of image data sets is organized as an image block matrix. The image block matrix is transposed to form a trans posed imaged block matrix. A portion of the transposed image block matrix is replaced with a portion of a second transposed image block matrix to form a resulting image block matrix. The resulting image block matrix is transposed to form hologram element (hogel) portion matrix.
In another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus includes a processor, a storage medium coupled to the processor and including a plurality of image data sets, a memory coupled to the processor, and a computer program for processing image data for use in holographic stereograms. The program is at least partially storable in the memory and executable on the processor. The program includes an image data loading routine, a first transposing routine, a data replacement routine, and a second plurality of image data sets into the memory, wherein the at least one of the plurality of image data sets is organized as an image block matrix. The first posing routine is for transposing the image block matrix to form a transposed imaged block matrix. The data replacement routine is for replacing a portion of the transposed image block matrix with a portion of a second transposed image block matrix to form a resulting image block matrix. The second transposing routine is for transposing the resulting image block matrix to form a hologram element (hogel) portion matrix.
Still another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-implemented method of processing image data for use in holographic stereograms. A plurality of image data sets is provided. At least a portion of one of the plurality of image data sets is loaded in to a memory, the at least a portion of one of the plurality of image data sets including a plurality of pixel values. A first one of the plurality of pixel values is copied from the at least a portion of one of the plurality of image data sets to a first hogel portion in a hogel buffer in the memory. A second one of the plurality of pixel values is copied from the at least a portion of one of the plurality of image data sets to a second hogel portion in the hogel buffer in the memory.
The foregoing is a summary and thus contains, by necessity, simplifications, generalizations and omissions of detail; consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. As will also be apparent to one of skill in the art, the operations disclosed herein may be implemented in a number of ways, and such changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention and its broader aspects. Other aspects, inventive features, and advantages of the present invention, as defined solely by the claims, will become apparent in the non-limiting detailed description set forth below.
A more complete understanding of the present invention and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features.
The following sets forth a detailed description of at least the best contemplated mode for carrying out the one or more devices and/or processes described herein. The description is intended to be illustrative and should not be taken to be limiting.
It should be noted that for the purposes of selecting directions for rendering parallel oblique projections, one need not be strictly limited to the directions defined by the SLM used in the hologram printer. For example, one could render images corresponding to more than the number of directions the hologram printer is capable of printing, effective over-sampling so that additional image processing techniques can be used. Similarly, one can render images corresponding to a number of directions smaller than the number of directions the hologram printer is capable of printing. For example, instead of defining one direction based on the line connecting the center of one LCD pixel with the center of the hogel, a direction defined by the line between the center of a set of four adjacent pixels and the center of the hogel can be used. Given that such an approach would reduce the amount of data (and hence processing time for both rendering and reparameterization) required, it is particularly desirable for shallow image holographic stereograms or holographic stereograms with reduced resolution.
Still another variation of direction selection for rendering parallel oblique projections is to include consideration for distortion that will occur in the hologram production system. In choosing directions based solely on the position of the SLM with respect to the hologram plane, a pin hole camera model is typically assumed. If instead, consideration is given to the optical elements that will be placed between the SLM and the hologram plane in the hologram production system, then the directions chosen for rendering might include pre-distortion to correct for the distortive effects of the interim optical elements. This operation can be achieved, for example, using a look-up table with entries corresponding to each SLM pixel, or by performing corrective calculations on-the-fly.
Given that image matrix 200 contains all of the image data, all of the data for each hogel can be extracted by reading down each column (i.e., one pixel value from each parallel oblique projection or direction). In many cases, reading matrix data in column form is an inefficient operation in computer systems, it being more efficient to read data out a row at time. To that end,
With current computer systems image matrix 200 is typically too large to be manipulated by a single processor using a single memory and storage device. Of course, where the number of hogels and/or the number of parallel oblique projections is reduced, it becomes more likely that a single computer system can handle the task. Similarly, a reduction in the bit depth of the parallel oblique projections (e.g., from 24 bits to some smaller number) can reduce the computer system performance requirements. However, the data from image matrix 200 is typically distributed among several different processors and/or computer systems. This is often true for the image rendering process itself. For example, if there are a total of four computer systems or hosts, one quarter of all of the required parallel oblique projections might be rendered on each host. Which images will be rendered on which host can be judiciously selected so that the image data to be reparameterized is already on the host that will perform the reparameterization.
Since each host has a sixth of the total amount of image data, each host will ultimately contain one sixth of all the hogels. So, for example, Host 1 will ultimately have all of the data required for Hogels 1-5, Host 2 will ultimately have all of the data for Hogels 610, and so on. In this manner, latencies associated with accesses to the storage media can be reduced.
At the conclusion of the multi-process/multi-processor two-dimensional matrix transpose operation 400, the data in Host 1's memory is as shown in FIG. 5A. Host 1 receives blocks of data corresponding to Hogels 1-5 (although each block represents different parallel oblique projection images, or portions thereof) from each of the other hosts, thereby forming the resulting image block matrix. Similarly, each of the other hosts receives data as suggested by matrix 420 in FIG. 4.
Operations like multi-process/multi-processor two-dimensional matrix transpose operation 400 are common in parallel computing where processes executing on individual cores in a multi-core processor, on individual processors of the same computer system, or on individual processors of different computer systems communicate with each other. Multi-process/multi-processor two-dimensional matrix transpose operation 400 is exemplified by the AllToAll, AllToAll, and AllToAllW operations as defined by the Message Passing Interface 2 (MPI-2) standard, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Those having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that similar operations exist in or can be implemented using other parallel computing schemes such as the Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) system. Moreover, although
The process begins at 600 where rendered images are created and stored. The images can be stored in one storage medium common to all hosts, or portions of the images can be stored on respective hosts. In general, images should be stored in a location and organized in a manner so as to reduce the amount of time required to read in the images. Image data sets are loaded into the host's memory in 610. Typically, only a portion of the total amount of image data to be processed by any particular host can be stored in the host's memory at any one time. The image data sets are then optionally pre-processed in 620. Pre-processing includes image processing operations that may or may not-be separate from image data reparameterization. For example, if the image data represents 90,000 hogels (300 by 300 hogels) but it is only desired to prepare a smaller portion of hologram printing (e.g., 100 by 100 hogels), then the image data can be appropriately down-sampled at this time. Similarly, image data statistics can be compiled as data is loaded, or once the data resides in memory and is available for analysis. Interpolation between images is another example of a pre-processing technique. Such techniques use optical or vector flow analysis on a sequence of images to determine the location of pixels in the interpolated images. Additional examples of pre-processing include image enhancement (e.g., brightness, contrast, etc.), color correction, compositing, watermarking, embedding hidden or limited-viewability information. Other examples of pre-processing will be well known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
Next, the image block matrix is transposed (630) as illustrated in
Like pre-processing 620, post-processing 660 includes image processing operations that may or may not be separate from image data reparameterization. However, an image data processing operation is typically characterized as a post-processing operation when it is more advantageously performed on data resulting from the reparameterization steps. Moreover, given that the hogel portion matrix resulting from the transpose operation of 650 may not have complete hogel information, post-processing is often deferred to a later stage of the process (as shown in conjunction with step 690) where complete hogels have been assembled.
One example of a post-processing step is view zone correction. Holographic stereograms can be constructed with view zones that act like a small two-dimensional windows located in three-dimensional space through which the observer of a holographic stereogram can see a hologram. As with a small window or keyhole, if the observer is looking completely within the single view zone, the observer will see the whole image. If the observer is at a distance from the view zone, the observer will only see the partial image that passes through the view zone at that distance. The observer will see no image when the eye's position relative to the view zone allows none of the diffracted rays of light to enter the eye, for example at eye positions in the same plane as the view zone but not within it. When the observer's eye moves within the two-dimensional view zone, a degree of parallax may be discernable depending on the scale of the view zone relative to the eye's pupil diameter (approximately 3 mm). Additionally, holographic stereograms can have multiple, independent view zones. By post-processing the already reparameterized data, one can simulate the presence of a view zone at some location other than infinity. In the simplest case, this can be accomplished by translating hogel images either horizontally or vertically. In such cases, image pixels that might normally have been used when the hogel is displayed on an SLM for printing, would now be discarded. Newly occurring blank spaces in the hogel would then be filled in with, for example, black pixels.
Another example of a post-processing step is view angle correction. In general, the hologram printing equipment imposing view angle restrictions on recorded holograms. In cases where the hogel data corresponds to a view angle that is significantly different from that of the hologram printer, the hogel image can be scaled accordingly. Corrections for optical system distortion (e.g., pin-cushion or barrel effects) can also be made during post-processing steps. Other examples of post-processing operations include filtering, image and color processing, gathering color distribution information, pattern matching, hogel image rotation, compositing, cropping, and directional interpolation (e.g., increasing the directional resolution of the hogel). Other examples of post-processing will be well known to those having ordinary skill in the art.
The hogel portion matrix is typically written to a storage medium (670) so that the host's memory can be cleared for subsequent iterations of the process. Decision box 680 illustrates the determination whether additional image data sets are to be reparameterized, and if so operation proceeds to step 610 where the process is repeated accordingly. If not, the process terminates, or proceeds to 690 where the hogels are loaded into memory and then re-written in a predetermined order more suitable for storing and or printing. During this re-writing step, post-processing 660 can also occur. Alternately, the hogels can be sent directly to a hologram printer (not shown).
Those having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that certain steps illustrated in
Reparameterization software 730 is one example of a software image processing tool, and in the present example, it is illustrative of a reparameterization method implemented in software. Those having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the techniques and methods discussed below can be implemented in software using a variety of computer languages, including, for example, traditional computer languages such as assembly language, Pascal, and C; object oriented languages such as C++ and Java; and scripting languages such as Perl and Tcl/Tk. Image data sets 740 are one example of information that can be used by software such as reparameterization software 730 as part of the image processing process used in creating holographic stereograms. Additionally, software 730 can be provided to the computer system via a variety of computer readable media including electronic media (e.g., flash memory), magnetic storage media (e.g., hard disk 758, a floppy disk, etc.), optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM 760), and communications media conveying signals encoding the instructions (e.g., via a network coupled to network interface 754).
Computer system 700 also includes devices such as keyboard 750, mouse 752, network interface 754, graphics & display 756, hard disk 758, and CD-ROM 760, all of which are coupled to processor 710 by communications bus 707. It will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art that computer system 700 can also include numerous elements not shown in the figure, such as additional storage devices, communications devices, input devices, and output devices, as illustrated by the ellipsis shown.
The 3D computer graphics scene is based on a 3D computer graphics model first composed using standard 3D graphics tools (e.g. a 3D modeling tool such as Discreet's 3D Studio Max, or Maya from Alias|Wavefront, a division of Silicon Graphics Limited) and techniques. Additional software is then typically used to manipulate the model and support the definition and adjustment of multiple hologram parameters. In the renderer 910, light field images are generated using parallel oblique projections, one per discrete direction printed by the hologram printer. This is in contrast to on-line schemes using other light-field models where the image for an entire hogel (i.e. using all discrete direction printed by the hologram printer) is rendered at one time. Rendering all of the projections in one discrete direction for all of the hogels in, for example, a tile of hogels, efficiently makes use of the DPP parameterization. As noted above in the context of
In general, any computer graphics rendering technique can be used in conjunction with the DPP representation as described herein. Thus, renderer 910 can be implemented using scan-conversion or scan-line conversion (e.g., as implemented in the OpenGL™ graphics library), ray tracing techniques, and even image-based rendering techniques. Moreover, rendering hardware and/or software may become sufficiently fast and storage-dense in the future so as to obviate the need for separate storage 920 and/or storage 940.
The rendered light-field images are saved in storage 920, which, can be any type of suitable data storage device, including magnetic, electronic, and optical storage devices. A light-field like structure using a DPP-like representation is used to store the data, where the directional samples are given by the geometry of the hologram in the printer, i.e., the projection plane and the rendering window match the hologram's geometry. The process is repeated for each discrete direction printed by the hologram printer.
Next the images are reparameterized (930) as described above and processed into hogel images which are either stored (940) or sent directly to hologram printer 950. In general, a hologram is printed by recording interference patterns in a light sensitive holographic recording material. A simple method exposes the material with coherent laser light generated by a red, a green and a blue laser. The laser beams are combined into two sets, the object beam(s) and the reference beam(s), both containing all three color components. The object beams are then modulated in amplitude using a spatial light modulator, typically an LCD screen or a digital micromirror array, using the rendered images. The modulated object beam is then combined with the reference beam in the recording material to record a single hogel's interference pattern.
As previously noted, the ability to perform reparameterization of data associated with holographic stereograms is effected by computer hardware and software limitations. For example, the most cost-effective computer systems for use in reparameterization (e.g., x86 architecture based PCs) utilize 32-bit computing architectures. This limits the amount of addressable memory to 232 bytes, or 4 GB, and poses other limitations as well. As affordable 64-bit computing platforms become available, additional reparameterization techniques become possible.
Returning to
Once image data 1040 is in memory, reparameterization software 1050 copies pixel data (typically three bytes per pixel) from image data 1040 to the appropriate hogel (e.g., hogel 1 through hogel N). The number of complete hogels that can be stored in memory 1020 is generally limited by the amount of memory available for hogel buffer 1030. Typically, this means that only a subset of all hogels needed for a tile can be stored in memory at one time. Accordingly, it may not be necessary for reparameterization software 1050 to load the entire image to be processed (e.g., only 25% of the image is needed because only 25% of the total number of hogels can be retained in memory). Similarly, it may not be necessary for reparameterization software 1050 to process an entire image that is stored in memory.
After all of the relevant data has been extracted from image data 1040, reparameterization software 1050 will load the next image (or image portion) and repeat the process for the hogels currently in hogel buffer 1030. Repeating this process of each of the images used to construct a holographic stereogram yields a set of complete hogels that can then be saved to a storage medium or sent directly to a hologram production device. The entire process can then be repeated for the next set of hogels that can fit into memory.
The system illustrated in
In addition to the ability to perform reparameterization on less-expensive computer systems, these techniques make it easier to perform reparameterization without having all of the image data available. For example, rendering of the image data can be performed simultaneously with the reparameterization or in some interleaved fashion. Also, these reparameterization techniques are less sensitive to variations in the total number of images, the size of the images and resulting hogels, and the resolution of images and resulting hogels. In general, the source images can have different resolutions in a single data set. Thus, images that are sampled at extreme directions can be reduced in image size. Also, images from multiple sources can be merged together into one data set.
Another technique that can provide further reparameterization efficiency is the use of sector-aligned memory. For example, if the memory used for the hogel buffer is allocated (e.g., using a VirtualAlloc memory management function) in a manner that is aligned with the sector size of the hard drive up on which the complete hogels will stored (e.g., hard drive sector sized pages in memory), then the write-to-disk operations are more efficient because they can bypass caching mechanisms in the operating system. Similar efficiencies can be gained through sector-aligned read operations as well.
It should be noted that although the systems and techniques disclosed in this application emphasize their applicability to the production of fill parallax holographic stereograms, those having ordinary skill in the art recognize that there are differing degrees to which a hologram might display different views of a 3D scene in the in vertical dimension. Thus, full-parallax holographic stereograms generally include any holographic stereogram that displays some image variation in the vertical dimension. Additionally, the systems and techniques disclosed in this application can be applied to the production of HPO holographic stereograms.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to a specific preferred embodiment thereof, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art and it is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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|Method and apparatus for pseudo-projection formation for optical tomography
|Oct 22, 2007
|Aug 31, 2010
|Visiongate, Inc.
|Depth of field extension for optical tomography
|May 18, 2007
|Nov 16, 2010
|Visiongate, Inc.
|Method for image processing and reconstruction of images for optical tomography
|Sep 18, 2006
|Mar 15, 2011
|University Of Washington
|Focal plane tracking for optical microtomography
|Aug 24, 2010
|Apr 26, 2011
|Rahn J Richard
|Depth of field extension for optical tomography
|Feb 23, 2009
|Aug 28, 2012
|Visiongate, Inc.
|Optical tomography system with high-speed scanner
|Apr 21, 2010
|Oct 22, 2013
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Color management of autostereoscopic 3D displays
|Oct 20, 2009
|Oct 22, 2013
|Zabra Imaging, Inc.
|Enhanced environment visualization using holographic stereograms
|Aug 24, 2009
|Dec 10, 2013
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Converting 3D data to hogel data
|Dec 3, 2007
|May 27, 2014
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Multi-core processor architecture for active autostereoscopic emissive displays
|Nov 18, 2003
|Apr 22, 2004
|Fauver Mark E.
|Method and apparatus of shadowgram formation for optical tomography
|Jun 24, 2004
|Jan 13, 2005
|Rahn John Richard
|Method for correction of relative object-detector motion between successive views
|Nov 10, 2006
|Mar 29, 2007
|Visiongate, Inc.
|Method for correction of relative object-detector motion between successive views
|Mar 22, 2007
|May 29, 2008
|Chia-Kai Liang
|Camera using programmable aperture
|Aug 5, 2007
|Jun 19, 2008
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Dynamic autostereoscopic displays
|Apr 20, 2007
|Oct 23, 2008
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Delete recycling of holographic data storage
|Apr 20, 2007
|Oct 23, 2008
|Allen Keith Bates
|Arranging and destaging data to holographic storage
|Apr 20, 2007
|Oct 23, 2008
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Arranging and destaging data to holographic storage
|Oct 22, 2007
|Apr 23, 2009
|Visiongate, Inc.
|Depth of Field Extension for Optical Tomography
|Oct 26, 2008
|Nov 5, 2009
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Systems and Methods for Calibrating a Hogel 3D Display
|Oct 20, 2009
|Feb 11, 2010
|Klug Michael A
|Enhanced Environment Visualization Using Holographic Stereograms
|Feb 23, 2009
|Aug 26, 2010
|Visiongate, Inc.
|Optical tomography system with high-speed scanner
|Aug 24, 2009
|Sep 2, 2010
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Converting 3D Data to Hogel Data
|Mar 23, 2009
|Sep 23, 2010
|Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc.
|Dithered holographic frontlight
|Jun 21, 2010
|Jan 20, 2011
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Processing Hogel Data
|Apr 21, 2010
|Oct 27, 2011
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Color management of autostereoscopic 3d displays
|Apr 13, 2014
|Feb 11, 2016
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Dynamic Autostereoscopic Displays
|Apr 5, 2012
|Aug 8, 2012
|Transmission method of color computer generated hologram color information
|Jun 6, 2005
|Feb 8, 2007
|Visiongate Inc
|Method for correction of relative object-detector motion between successive views
|Oct 26, 2009
|Apr 29, 2010
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Converting 3d data to hogel data
|Oct 26, 2009
|Aug 19, 2010
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Converting 3d data to hogel data
|Oct 26, 2009
|Apr 29, 2010
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Rendering 3d data to hogel data
|Oct 26, 2009
|Aug 12, 2010
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Rendering 3d data to hogel data
|Oct 26, 2009
|Apr 29, 2010
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Processing pre-recorded hogel data
|Oct 26, 2009
|Aug 12, 2010
|Zebra Imaging, Inc.
|Processing pre-recorded hogel data
|U.S. Classification
|382/154, 345/418, 348/40, 382/205, 382/305, 711/1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 22, 2002
Owner name: ZEBRA IMAGING, INC., TEXAS
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text:
Compare Rolls Royce Garages and Specialists in Ely with Who Can Fix My Car.
Enter your registration to check prices and reviews, and get your Rolls Royce booked in today!
Compare Rolls Royce Garages and Specialists in Ely with Who Can Fix My Car.
Very friendly, able to accommodate my work hours to drop/pklick up the vehicle. They don't try to scam you or overcharge for work.
Very happy with the work this garage has done
Very Helpful! Thank you
Great service ,job done very weel . I've got a clutch kit replacement on my Vw Polo.Pre-booked by the website ,used a curestry car. Very friendly people. Defenetly Recomend.
Received a fantastic quote. Discs and pads replaced to the time specified..and service received was great. Now have service and mot booked later in the year! Thanks.
We have brand new and top of the range equipment to give our mechanics the tools they need to give your vehicle the very best care. Our head mechanic has over 20 years experience and is a director of the company which ensures your vehicle is in the best hands, we guarantee all our work.
In our customers lounge you can watch the team MOT your car and enjoy a complimentary tea or coffee & wifi while you wait. With emphasis on customer service,uniformed and friendly staff all in an environment created to make you feel completely comfortable we offer set menu pricing, which means what we quote is what we charge with no hidden charges.
As members of the Good Garage Scheme your technician will talk you through any problems with your car and seek your authorization before any work is carried out. Details of any faults found and repairs carried out will be fully documented and you will be invited to complete a questionnaire after the work is done to ensure you were happy with the service you received.
We look forward to welcoming you.
Ely Auto Care

subset: commoncrawl


text: Tsuda could refer to: Tsuda, the boy of the Spider Clan. Mirumoto Tsuda, the Emerald Champion. Ujina Tsuda, the bushi. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the intended page. Retrieved from "http://l5r.wikia.com/wiki/Tsuda_(disambiguation)?oldid=202673" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Disambiguation Add category Cancel Save


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I'm crying because I do not know what to do anymore
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Join Date: Oct 2008
Posts: 582
Saturday, April 7, 2012 at 10:45PM
Dont forget how important technique is to. For me its more important than what product I use. Applying product to soaking wet hair is the only way I get any clumps.
First product I use defines my curls. Right now thats a mousse. I let the mousse absorb into my hair for a few minutes before I scrunch out the excess water. This takes 2 flour sack towels to achieve that. I then add some gel after air drying for about 30 minutes. I let my hair finish air drying and then sotc after its totally dry.
You dont have to pay alot for a product there are alot of store products that work really well. The only product I spend alot on is my leave in conditioner. I havent found a better one than shecentit coco cream.


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I am applying for a scholarship and emailed the office relating to my overall GPA. I was afraid it was not going to be high enough to meet their requirements, but told them criteria that is considerably remarkable. After submitting the email, this is the response I got from them: "Got ahead and submitted for our review!"
Does this sound like a generic message?


text:
The God-Machine creates angels for reasons only it fully understands — each with its own purpose in the grand design. Once created, an angel's role and the tasks that fall within its purview are fixed for as long as it exists. The God-Machine can transform, upgrade, or destroy its angels, but it seldom does. While the God-Machine commands a vast number of such servants and has created each one distinct in its capabilities, methods, and appearance, nearly all fit within a few broad categories called Incarnations. When an angel turns from the God-Machine to become a demon, it retains its Incarnation.
Some demons, however, chose to turn on their creator completely by abandoning their Incarnation. A Destroyer who despises violence and becomes a pacifist or a Messenger who swears to tell the truth is called an "antinomian." These demons take the Fall to an entirely new level and strive to find a whole new purpose independent of their former Incarnation. Such demons are known as Antinomians and are respected and regarded with suspicion alike.
Known IncarnationsEdit
In addition to the "canonical" four, rumors abound of a rare fifth Incarnation: the Analysts, former spies and investigators of the God-Machine.
Demon: The Descent Incarnations
Analysts · Destroyers · Guardians · Messengers · Psychopomps


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Whats New @ Reliance Mobile World ( R-World) ?
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The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is urging more employers in the chemical and process industries to make a major contribution to the reform of the UK's Apprenticeships programme.
In 2012, the Richard Review of Apprenticeships recommended fundamental changes including improving the quality of Apprenticeships, simplifying the system and putting employers 'in the driving seat'.
Government reforms include giving employers direct funding for Apprenticeships from HM Revenue and Customs in the future and linking Apprenticeships to professional standards and registrations such as Engineering Technician (EngTech) and Registered Science Technician (RSciTech).
The call for greater employer involvement from the chemical and process industries follow today's announcement of the first wave of eight Trailblazers Apprenticeships, using the new employer-led approach, to be approved by Government.
IChemE, which is a major supporter of the new Apprenticeships model, has been closely involved in the development of the Life Sciences and Industrial Sciences Trailblazer Apprenticeship alongside partners including GSK, Fujifilm Diosynth, Sellafield Ltd, Johnson & Johnson, Lotte Chemical UK Ltd, Lucite International, MedImmune and the Royal Society of Chemistry and Society of Biology .
The new Life Sciences Apprenticeships are laboratory technician and science manufacturing technician, and are expected to be rolled out from September 2014.
Dr David Brown, IChemE's chief executive, said: "This is a huge opportunity for the engineering community to influence a major reform of the education system. Attracting more people to the engineering profession, improving education standards, avoiding skill shortages and receiving funding directly from Government are just some of the industry-wide benefits available.
"However, establishing a world-class Apprenticeship system does depend on businesses, of all sizes in the chemical and process industries, to get involved in the reform process.
"The announcement of the first eight Trailblazers Apprenticeships is just the start of the process. We need more employers to review the Trailblazer Apprenticeships to ensure they meet diverse business needs.
"Feedback is needed to make sure they are easy-to-understand. The standards need to include the skills, knowledge and competency required to master specific occupations. And it's essential that the Apprenticeship programme is properly accredited by the professional engineering organisations, so as to ensure Apprentices are equipped to meet the needs of business and to develop successful careers.
"We shouldn't forget the benefits to young people either. Professional registration as an EngTech or RSciTech will provide the individual with a recognised, credible, badge of professional competence which should be recognised by employers in a range of sectors.
"None of this can be achieved without leadership, support and involvement by the business community", concluded Brown.
The announcements coincide with National Apprenticeship Week 2014 which is taking place from 3–7 March 2014. Employers are being encouraged to pledge apprentice job vacancies throughout the week.
Matthew Hancock, skills and enterprise minister said: "National Apprenticeship Week is designed to celebrate Apprenticeships and the positive impact they have on individuals, businesses and the wider economy.
"We want to see Apprenticeships become the new norm for all ambitious young people, and employers who are dedicated to growing their own talent and increasing the skills base of the nation.
"I would like to thank everyone who has been involved in this trailblazer for their commitment to Apprenticeships and Traineeships."
The other Trailblazer Apprenticeships include: aerospace; automotive; digital industries; electro-technical; energy; financial services; and food and drink.
Life and Industrial Sciences - Science Manufacturing Technician
Life and Industrial Sciences - Laboratory Technician
Government reform of Apprenticeships
Trailblazers Apprenticeships Guidance
Chancellor's Autumn Statement 2013
Richard Review of Apprenticeships
Apprenticeships and Apprenticeships Week
For further information, please contact:
Tony Osborne, communications officer, IChemE
tel: +44 (0)1788 534454
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Chemical, biochemical and process engineering is the application of science, maths and economics to the process of turning raw materials into everyday products. Professional chemical engineers design, construct and manage process operations all over the world. Pharmaceuticals, food and drink, synthetic fibres and clean drinking water are just some of the products where chemical engineering plays a central role.
The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is the global professional membership organisation for people with relevant experience or an interest in chemical engineering. It is the only organisation to award Chartered Chemical Engineer status. With a growing global membership approaching 38,000 the Institution is at the heart of the process community, promoting competence and a commitment to best practice, advancing the discipline for the benefit of society, encouraging young people in science and engineering and supporting the professional development of its members.
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text:
Ouch! wooden bridle gag with leather strap.
Dare bondage games with this wooden Ouch! bridle gag and ride full tilt! This SM accessory is designed with a wooden stick and straps made out of high quality leather, fully adjustable for 10 different sizes. With this bridle gag your sub will not be able to speak freely, and his/her moans will only increase the intensity of your SM sessions!
Full length: 65 cm (adjustable)
Wooden bridle diameter: 1.5 cm
Colour: Black


text:
Is your Samsung Galaxy S4 overheating?
0. phoneArena posted on 03 May 2013, 15:47
A number of Samsung Galaxy S4 users are complaining that their brand new handset is overheating to temperatures as high as 122 degrees fahrenheit with most of those complaining that the handset is heating up when they are playing games or surging the web; some are suggesting enabling the power saving mode to stop the battery from overheating...
This is a discussion for a news. To read the whole news, click here
47. funkshit (Posts: 16; Member since: 12 Feb 2013)
AM OLED with dimmed screen?? Is there anyone who can see the screen outdoor?? hah?
I also heard that, when playing 3D games few minutes, GS4 even reaches up to 59 Celcius degrees.
Better to buy GS3, iPhone5 or Optimus G Pro. These are the only perfect phones selling in 2013.
137. kobra696 (Posts: 3; Member since: 24 May 2013)
Funks**t, that is true... mine reaches 54C when playing 3D games making it uncomfortable to hold it in your hands. The overheating is real and it looks like a hardware issue.
150. atbaan (Posts: 15; Member since: 13 Dec 2012)
I have s4 octa core the maximum temperature I ever got was 42 while playing gta
53. robinlim85 (Posts: 86; Member since: 03 May 2013)
anybody still have the old nokia 5800 junk?
i use it for garmin gps and when its turn on, thats one baked phone
i have a first batch s3,and it come no where close to as overheating as 5800
55. verbalize (Posts: 140; Member since: 03 May 2013)
Samsung is going down hill. They are starting to figure out it costs $$$$ to build a great phone. They spend all the money on speed and take away memory, quality control, and that low grade plastic.
56. SPASE (Posts: 228; Member since: 03 May 2013)
I must be lucky :) no such issues with mine. I have the exynos sgs4,,
57. TechuntrTM (Posts: 1; Member since: 03 May 2013)
My phone after having it and using it non-stop for a couple days has been nothing but awesome, and no heating problems.
61. KingKurogiii (Posts: 5713; Member since: 23 Oct 2011)
pfff! i got my MAXX HD up to 141 degrees fahrenheit a couple of days ago on the charger with the hotspot running. it was cooling down when i got it down to what you guys are reporting.
but seriously you should be concerned if your phone is getting that hot doing everything.
some people may end up with a glob of melted plastic if this keeps up. :P
64. RohanM (Posts: 140; Member since: 15 Jan 2013)
My GS3 was also having same heating issues. On ideal it was on 29 degree & if i open chrome to surf net in just 10 mins the temp would jump to 40+ degree. I sold my GS3 finally. hussshh.
Samsung is crap company for sure. their every galaxy phone having major issues(I knw there is not a thing like perfect phone) but issues like excenos bug, sudden death, heating. poor design... f u samy.
67. Bluesky02 (Posts: 1439; Member since: 05 Dec 2011)
Well this is a game changer
69. nothingmuch (Posts: 199; Member since: 03 May 2013)
I have an S3, 3gs, note2, motorola atrix hd and used to have an htc one x and all got warm enough to notice just browsing the web. All phones get warm i dont care who your a fan of!
remember when you first get a new phone your using the phone intensly and yes it gets very hot and can drain the battery within an hour but that was with half charge straight from the store.
Gotta keep in mind that when we all get a new phone its NOT going to screen out for some while because of setting it all up at once and for most they're probably charging the phone at the same time. There is no fan cooling these things and if you use a powerful processor under constant load .. whatcha gonna think! C'mon people!! Laptops heat up too lets blame that on plastic
138. kobra696 (Posts: 3; Member since: 24 May 2013)
You don't put a laptop to your ear and make a phone call.
70. xperiaDROID (banned) (Posts: 5629; Member since: 08 Mar 2013)
Wow, I thought the Sony Xperia Z is the only phone that heats up, welcome to the heat family Samsung Galaxy S4!
My Xperia Z heats up when playing games, web browsing. When the phone heats up, it makes my hand feel very uncomfortable when holding it! (sigh)
71. sharks (Posts: 236; Member since: 16 Feb 2013)
The unanswered question is: which model of S4 is having this heating problem? Is it the snapdragon 600 or exynos 5 octa or both?
76. gerasim (Posts: 16; Member since: 30 Apr 2013)
i read both i don't know
78. Sauce (unregistered)
I went to a kiosk in BestBuy to purchase the GS4. All 4 measly display phones weren't even functioning properly and to top it all off, the Samsung sales associate was a complete and utterly f**king moron. Never in my life have I heard that amount of stupidity exit someones mouth.
103. Larry_ThaGr81 (Posts: 449; Member since: 26 May 2011)
In today's society, unfortunately it's not what you know, it's who you know.
79. dflash (Posts: 13; Member since: 10 Apr 2013)
My experience with the Sony Xperia z is similar, it gets hot on th back just under the camera where is the CPU when I play games . But the temperature is around 40 degrees celsius which is less then the s4 ahahhahaha looser
80. jove39 (Posts: 1976; Member since: 18 Oct 2011)
Well...overheat is not result of poor parts only...poor parts may contribute...but mostly due to bad CPU governor...samsung should be able to fix this with simple ota.
How I know? I have htc onex (att) it does terribly overheats when I install AOSP rom...reason is default on-demand cpu governor...it bumps cpu from idle (384mhz) to full (1512mhz) for slightest use and result in lot of heat...I have noticed this behavior even when pulling down notification bar...cpu will be at 1512mhz!!!
81. anirudhshirsat97 (Posts: 408; Member since: 24 May 2011)
my brother bought the s4 octa version a few days ago and it does get warm. Theres no 2 ways about it. Not as warm as my S2 for example but still. It gets uncomfortable while using it. Especially when it is charging. Or playing games. My brother has put a case now which solved the backside heating problem. But the screen still gets warm. But...it still is an absolutely amazing phone.. ill take the heat anyday!
82. CELLKONTECH (Posts: 11; Member since: 23 Feb 2013)
GUYS,no worries ...i also had the problem but AFTER THE NEW FIRMWARE UPDATE......its solved......and its perfect now...THE UPDATE IMPROVES CAMERA STABILITY AND SOLVES OVER HEATING PROBLEM :) thanks sammy
83. yudi.nemesis (Posts: 1127; Member since: 14 Mar 2013)
hahaha... even plastic toy have overheating problem.
what next????
84. mydi.maus (unregistered)
burn gs4 burn!
86. DeathR34PER (Posts: 21; Member since: 05 Dec 2012)
Sooner or later, Samsung and possibly some other companies are going have to end up doing some temperature control tests so in the near future no phone would ever get heated up...Then again, it's good to have it heated up while in a middle of some cold weathery states if you couldn't concentrate...
88. xprimer (Posts: 43; Member since: 25 Jan 2013)
its an revolutionary afterall, i have a celphone as wel as a pan so that i could fry an egg. . .bravo sammy, that s the spelling of innovation. keep it up. . .lol no buthurt
89. xprimer (Posts: 43; Member since: 25 Jan 2013)
its a should i say not an. . .
90. joey18 (Posts: 597; Member since: 20 Jul 2010)
thas inovation you can use like heater lol
91. jacko1977 (Posts: 428; Member since: 11 Feb 2012)
mine as no heating issues the ijunk 5 i had got hotter
94. SoulEater1667 (Posts: 23; Member since: 18 Apr 2013)
this is for you stupid people. if you would read the entire article then you will know that the heating issue is a software issue and not a hardware one that can be easly solved.
S4 is still the best smartphone yet.
99. martinlosha (unregistered)
Yes my S4 is overheating when I use the browser and the camera..
Plus Laggs a bit...


text:
"Pegasus" Grand Piano
Nice I am going to have a ball in my new home I found this one in Black years ago..., I forgot the vendor. Thanks This Next
Sleek and wild looking modern grand piano, the M.Liminal, designed by NYT line and Philippe Gendre for Fazioli.Tags: pianos, instruments, design, modern grand piano, m.lminal, fazioliAdded 6 Years Ago from Blogspot
what an amazing instrument. Beautifully designed from every angle, this collaboration between Audi Design of Munich and Austria Piano maker Bosendorfer gives us a $140,000 Grand Concert Piano. yes, you can oder it online...Tags: pianos, design, Audi, bosendorfer, luxury piano, insturment designAdded 7 Years Ago from Blogspot
Cute & Fancy Pouch by Cram Cream Japan! Use this as a make up pouch, or a pencil case!
This would be so awesome to have in my apartment. I would have to get rid of the dining table but it's worth it! This could be my all in one table! This Concerto Table doubles as a ipod dock! Amazing!!Added 9 Years Ago from Concertotable


text:
PACE Stories
Student Opportunities with PACE
"PACE provides opportunities for undergraduate students at Macquarie University to gain practical experience with industry partners. No matter if you are studying PACE has an opportunity available for you. Find out more
"The PACE experience really gave me the confidence and skills that are pertinent to my role now as marketing coordinator at Holocentric."
Rosa-Clare Willis - watch now
"[In the] week-long field trip students were able to get out in the field, dig holes, get in the river, get dirty, and also use their knowledge in a real applied context."
Associate Professor Kirstie Fryirs - watch now
"My PACE unit at Konica Minolta gave me a real idea of what I want to do with my future. I was able to learn things that academics and textbooks couldn't teach"
Ryan Lee - watch now
"PACE provides a wonderful opportunity to use the skills you've been acquiring at Macquarie."
Aimee Hinder - watch now
"I got to use the skills I learnt in my degree in a real life setting in a different country. It really opened my eyes to working for an NGO, which is something I would like to pursue after my degree."
Georgia Collis - watch now
"I've been learning a lot about marketing in university, but to actually go out and use my skills in an international context, in another country with different cultures was an incredibly valuable experience. "
Ryan Lee - watch now
"After completing my PACE unit at Macquarie University, the extra lab experience was really beneficial in getting me into the industry and getting me the position I have today."
Alexander Moore - watch now
"PACE is essential because it is the opportunity the students get to reality test their dreams."
Wayne Warburton - watch now
"(James) worked on an event called Run4Cure. James actually looked at the social media, working across different media forms ... so that we got the biggest impact we possibly could."
Jim L'Estrange - watch now
"This PACE project has actually opened a door for me professional straight away. I've got a research grant to work on the very same project for 5-6 weeks."
Jack Bidler - watch now
"Bahay Tuluyan is a relatively small organisation. We have limited resources and it is very difficult for us to gain legal resources within the Philippines. The PACE students allow us to do things we would not otherwise be able to do."
Catherine Scerri - watch now
"The PACE experience "allowed me to create a flexible, tailor-made research experience outside a typical undergraduate experience that has opened up many job opportunities, as well as networking with future supervisors and collaborators."
Chi Yhun Lo - watch now
"I never considered social welfare as a possible career avenue. PACE has opened up my eyes not only to where I can take my psychology degree in social welfare terms, but it's really opened up some career opportunities."
Joelle Fa - watch now
"Working with renowned barristers, the Human Rights Commissioner for Malaysia, and other NGO representatives dedicated to Indigenous land rights was exciting and stimulating, while living in the local village was breathtakingly beautiful."
Ryan Zahrai - read more
"I would highly recommend the PACE program to other international students at Macquarie University as I now have a much greater understanding of media ethics and about the whole process of a magazine."
Wenxin and Xueling - watch now
"I would definitely recommend doing PACE. It's a great way to round off your studies and get practical experience in the workforce. PACE helped me progress from an intern to a fully fledged grad in one of the biggest companies in the world."
Ronan Chander - watch now
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text:
News Feed
Try using tackk.com to make a 2D scroll board that I can easily update 'the news' on and re-upload the website onto Realtimeboard.
January 3 - Updated the pictures on column 2.
January 5 - Added a new video from PBS on malaria.
January 8 - Added new websites on the helpful link list.
January 9 - Justin added a whole new video help section.


text:
- Yes23%(7)50%(57)Vote60%(50)
- No19%(6)30%(34)Vote33%(28)
- Results58%(18)20%(24)Vote7%(6)
Most Helpful Guy
Hell no! Never!00|00|0
Hell no! Never!
sure I would! Most guys think its hot.
No, but that's cause I am a straight female.
A bi guy? Maybe. It doesn't matter if I really love him.
I voted B when I meant to choose A.
It's dumb to not date someones because of their sexuality if it doesn't even effect you.
Yes, I would
Yes. I am an average guy and the thought of two women together is a turn on for me. The possibility of a threesome or girl-girl action as part of my sex life is a fantasy that I would be open to. But, it would have to be a situation where she loved me and wanted to be in a romantic and passionate relationship with me and only interested in other women for the sexual pleasure.
Vote 'A' and may I add LOVE TO
But that doesn't mean that I'm thinking of an MMF with any girl she's with :)
You mean MFF
oops apologies and thank you for the correction @JohnMike999 oversight is common with me ha ha
I feel like most guys say yes because they are hoping for threesomes but if she's looking for a long-term partner chances are she already got all those threesomes out of her system before she met you :p
Personally I'd prefer not to date one, I just don't trust them.
What's not to trust about them? They are no different than me and you right?
I've just formed this association in my head that bisexual girls are more promiscuous and less faithful. This is based on personal observations in real life and online. It may not be perfectly logical but something in my gut just tells me its a bad idea to get seriously involved with a bisexual.
As far as cheating, I'm not sure if there is evidence that they cheat more than heterosexuals, but there also isn't evidence that they don't cheat more than heterosexuals.
I get where you are coming from.
No only because I don't date unless I'm looking for long term and I don't think I'd want to marry a bi woman. I don't think a bi woman would be interested in marriage either in my mind, maybe I'm wrong but I don't see how it would work.
No that's a waste of my time
Yeah that doesn't change things necessarily
sexuality doesn´t say anything about her faithfulness so i don´t see why not.
No. Relationships are hard enough when neither party is bisexual!
Long as she's loyal , it diesnt matter. she's choosing me over both guys and girls..
That feels good
Nope. No need for threesomes here (im selfish that way).
If I had good reason to believe she wasn't a serial cheat.
Yes I'm not shallow and I'm open minded
Nope I like my women straight
Yup would even like to have threesomes on a regular basis
Straight answer, no
Highly unlikely
Nope i want to be with a girl and not have to worried that another girl is "treating her better" im not into that threesome shit
That would make a great threesome if you had a bisexual girlfriend
You cannot undo this action. The opinion owner is going to be notified and earn 7 XPER points.


text:
You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"I love my invitations! This was a simple yet elegant way for me to invite my guests to our wedding. Our picture on the invitation came out beautiful. I love how I was able to print on the front and back of the reception card, making it easy for both myself and my guests. Highly recommended for a simple, chic, and elegant girl!!"
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On Wednesday, 14 June 2017, European Boating Industry held its Assembly General and Council meetings in Brussels, Belgium. The Assembly General elected the new Council which will act as the governing body of the association for the next 2 years.
Robert Marx (BVWW – Germany), Jean-Pierre Goudant (FIN – France), Piotr Jasionowski (POLBOAT – Poland) and Piero Formenti (UCINA – Italy) were re-elected as Council members. Carlos Sanlorenzo (ANEN – Spain) replaced Olda Straka (APL – Czech Republic) who retired from the Czech association. All the Council received the full support of the members.
The Council unanimously appointed Piero Formenti as the President for his second mandate, recognising his efforts in strengthening the association, while Jean-Pierre Goudant and Piotr Jasionowski were re-appointed Vice-Presidents. In addition, Mr Goudant will continue acting as Treasurer.
"European boat builders and other industry professionals deserve and need a strong association to represent their interests. The work of the Council is important, but the active commitment and involvement of all the EBI members is also essential to carry out our activities to better reflect the needs of all the members. On behalf of the newly elected Council, I would like to thank you for your trust and for your support. I can assure you that we will make the most of the next two years, promoting the sector and our key messages towards the EU decision-makers and all relevant stakeholders."
Sandrine Devos, who became Secretary General exactly a year ago at the occasion of the Assembly General in Brussels, added: "With such competent and motivated Council Members by our side, the Secretariat in Brussels will be honoured to represent all of you at the EU level. I am also hopeful after today's meetings that we will be able to welcome even more members on board in the future". Secretary General thanked Olda Straka for his engagement in the association's work during his time with APL.
On 27 and 28 April, Budva, in Montenegro, hosted the third edition of Adriatic Sea Forum – cruise, ferry, sail & yacht, the itinerant international event by Risposte Turismo.
More than 200 delegates joined us for two days of fruitful meetings and debates. Boating, ferry and cruising were at the center of the Forum, where European funds and programs, international private and public collaborations, joint promotion, investments in infrastructure, sustainable development, environmental priorities and much more have been presented and discussed.
A stronger cooperation among countries and at local level, a new approach for the realisation of boats that could take care of the raise of yachtsmen's age, new initiatives tailored for young people and the enhancement of marinas' service to satisfy the needs of charter companies clientele, were among the main topics discussed during the second round table dedicated to boating tourism in the area. The meeting was attended by Zoran Brkić, CEO, Adriatic Sailing, Srećko Favro, President of Adriatic Expert, Piero Formenti, President of European Boating Industry, Vittorio Impallomeni, Advisor to the Board of Directors of Assomarinas, Kristijan Pavić, as President of ACI Club, and Ivana Petrović, Senior Adviser, Maritime Safety Department –Montenegro Ministry of Transportation. Piero Formenti explained the needs of the recreational boating sector, including an harmonization of taxation and of professional skippers' qualifications.
Continue to follow the Adriatic Sea Forum project, keep updated on the website (adriaticseaforum.com) and on social accounts on Linkedin (Adriatic Sea Forum) and Twitter (@AdriatiSeaForum).
European Boating Industry is proud to release its new brochure.
It is available following the link: European Boating Industry - Leisure marine voice in Europe
European Boating Industry is passionate about implementing its members' ideas and developing the right conditions for the industry to strive.
2nd International Breakfast Meeting to serve successful way forward for boating industry
On 24 January 2017, boot Düsseldorf and European Boating Industry organised the second edition of the International Breakfast meeting, marking the 5th year of their cooperation. The format of the event has proved successful, with an attendance of 100 industry delegates registered, (compared with 80 at the previous year's event).
The theme of the event was "Being attractive to new-comers and keeping elderly people on board", focusing on the changes in the demands of users of boats, due mainly to both demographics and an increasing of digital technology.
In their welcome address, Petros Michelidakis (Director of boot Düsseldorf), Robert Marx (President of boot Düsseldorf) and Piero Formenti (President of European Boating Industry), all underlined the challenging need for boatbuilders to meet the new expectations of boat users, topic which is a growing concern in most European countries.
The first speaker, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Büddefeld (University Niederrhein), made the comparison between the boating industry and the car industry (presentation part 1, 2 and 3); the car industry has embraced the digital revolution to make their products interconnected for the benefit of users, while the boating industry made progress which need to be deepened so that boaters can enjoy an easier and more comfortable experience.
Teodora Marinska (European Travel Commission) then presented an outlook of what people expect nowadays from their leisure time: more variety of activities, more flexibility, and the possibility to use the digital tools. While this trend is valid for all types of leisure activities, boatbuilders verify its accuracy more and more.
Part of this new trend comes from the fact that people are now used to more collaborative models of economy. In particular, the temptation to "only" use instead of owning can influence the boating industry. Sergio Garcia (Fanautic) presented this emerging economic model in the boating industry, which should be seen as an opportunity to attract new-comers towards boating. If there are less boat owners but more users, the industry will need to follow closely this development.
The second part of the event focused on elderly people. The general demographic trend of an ageing population of boaters, was illustrated by the presentation from Philip Witte (BVWW) of a brand new German study. Although the sector will definitely face a reduction of its traditional base of users, the industry needs to see how it can keep elderly people on board for longer.
Dr. Wolf-Dieter Mell (Institut für Boots-Tourismus) explained the potential difficulties met by elderly people while boating, and hinted at some interesting ways to help them address these difficulties.
The numerous questions from the audience showed how topical this theme is. The complexity of the issue at stake calls for a variety of solutions, which the industry is capable to offer.
Pictures are available on the website: http://medianet.messe-duesseldorf.de/press/boot/main and all presentations are available.
On 6 December 2016, the conference "Innovation and Technology, the future of boating" was held at the Nautic – Paris International Boat Show - jointly organised by European Boating Industry, the French federation FIN and Reed Exposition.
The conference looked at how innovation and digitalisation can improve comfort and safety on board of recreational craft and how simplification of navigation or collaborative economy can make boating more attractive. It highlighted the lessons learned by the European industry leaders who export their innovations, which allows them to maintain a significant position on the international market.
Opening the conference, Jean-Pierre Goudant, Vice-President of European Boating Industry and the French Federation of Nautical Industries (FIN) underlined the front-runner role which the boating industry can have in terms of innovation. Alain Pichavant, Director of Nautic Paris boat show, reminded of the importance to link national and European topics.
Connected boats were the focus of the first part of the event.
Mirna Cieniewicz (Beneteau Group) and Wavier Desmarests (Outremer Yachting) discussed the different aspects of connected boats, from hardware and collection of data to exploitation of data. They reminded the need to address not only connectivity but also the security of the data and the maintenance and services aspects.
Teddy Sant (Navico) and Yannick Perrigot (WE ARE NINA) explained that customers, now used to a certain comfort and connectivity on land (for instance with cars), were becoming more demanding at sea. They gave several examples of how new technologies were modifying boating. Such an evolution required the whole value chain to work together in order to fully embrace the new possibilities.
The second part of the conference focused on marinas.
Stéphanie de Bazelaire and Stéphane Millot (R Marina, S2F Network) and Jean-Michel Gaigné (TransEurope Marinas) presented the way in which marinas could use new technologies and other innovations to attract more people. The customer was here again at the heart of this revolution, but it could also significantly improve the daily operations.
All speakers underlined the importance of security and comfort on board, which were the main areas of work. One of the recent development was the fact that the whole industry (boat builders, equipment manufacturers and marinas), traditionally working separately, were more and more willing to do so together in the common objective of improving the customers' experience. This collaboration and change of culture is in itself an innovation which will benefit all stakeholders.
Sébastien Milcendeau (Fédération des Industries Nautiques) and Sandrine Devos (European Boating Industry) concluded the event by opening the theme of innovation to two related topics: the efforts of the Fédération des Industries Nautiques to address the new trends of the sector in a collaborative approach through the "Nauticlab" (https://nauticlab.fr), and the need for the European boating industry to look carefully at the best ways to attract people on boats.
For more information, please contact:
Sandrine Devos – European Boating Industry
Tel +32 / 473 637 334
Géraldine BONNEAU – Nautic Press contact
Mob. + 33 / (0)6 58 23 14 42
2017 will see the 5th year of the cooperation between boot Düsseldorf and European Boating Industry! We're extremely proud and happy to celebrate this round anniversary with the 2nd edition of the format we introduced last year "International Breakfast Meeting" (after having organised before the International Conference for 3 consecutive years between 2013-2015).
Like last year, the event will be held on Tuesday, 24 January 2017 from 9:00 to 10:30 at the Congress Centre Düsseldorf (CCD East, Room R) on the boot fairground.
This second edition will be divided into two thematic parts: getting new-comers on board and keeping elderly people on board. When looking at the first challenge, the speakers will reflect together with the audience on new trends, such as interconnectedness and digitalisation (extremely popular in the car industry, for example) and how the boating industry can deal with them. They will also try to answer the question about, what people coming to Europe expect from their leisure time, including time spent on a boat or practising other water sports. Boat chartering and sharing, new emerging trends in the industry and their impact on the future of boating will also be discussed.
The second part of the Breakfast will address the demographic change and the fact that boating population is getting older. A brand new German study on the present and future situation will be presented at this occasion. Industry representatives will inform, how they react to the demographic change and what's being done (could be done) to adapt boats to the new needs.
Participation to the International Breakfast Meeting is free for all exhibitors and the press. It offers a unique opportunity to combine stimulating presentations, lively exchanges of ideas and networking, while enjoying your breakfast.
The meeting will be held in English. Further information is available: invitation, programme and registration form.
For more information, please contact:
Sandrine Devos – European Boating Industry
Tel +32 2 895 36 08 / 09
Lara Hannappel – boot Düsseldorf
Tel + +49 (0) 211 4560 563
Within a year from the first edition of the "Boat's end-of-life, truly the end?" conference, organised jointly by European Boating Industry, the French Federation of Nautical Industries (FIN) and Reed Expositions France, the environmental issues gained even more visibility. The Paris Agreement (reached around the same time as Nautic 2015) helped the cause by entering into force this November. Even though Donald Trump's victory in the US presidential elections brought the prospect of America pulling out from the Agreement, the French Environment Minister Ségolène Royal expressed hope the deal "won't fall apart".
Putting aside electrifying results of the US elections and their consequences, this year the partners will join forces again during the Paris boat show on Tuesday, 6 December 2016, at the Scène Nautic for the second consecutive year to discuss "Innovation & technology – future for boating".
The conference will look at how innovation and digitalisation can improve comfort and safety on board of recreational craft and how simplification of navigation or collaborative economy can make boating more attractive. It will highlight the lessons learned by the European industry leaders who export their innovations, which allows them to maintain a significant position on the international market.
The event in Paris will be a good opportunity to also look at the recent developments in the field of "marinas of the future", see how marinas adapt themselves to technological evolution, digital revolution, new services and the users' demands.
"Innovation & technology – future for boating" is free of charge and open to anyone interested in the subject. The conference will be held in French. No prior registration is required, however you need a valid entrance ticket to access the Nautic boat show.
The event's programme and the speakers' list are available in English and French.
For more information, please contact:
Sandrine Devos – European Boating Industry
Tel +32 / 473 637 334
Géraldine BONNEAU – Nautic Press contact
Mob. + 33 / (0)6 58 23 14 42


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The xattr command lists, writes (sets), prints (displays), and deletes the extended attributes of file system objects. An extended attribute is a name:data (key:value) pairing arbitrarily associated with a file system object (e.g. file, directory, or symbolic link). The name of an extended attribute may be any null-terminated UTF-8 string. The data associated with it may be either textual or binary. This implementation of the xattr command is designed to be backwards-compatible with the Python script that shipped as /usr/bin/xattr in Mac OS 10.5.0 (Leopard).
A tool for securing DNS communications between a client and a DNS resolver.
A polyhedral extraction tool (PET).


text:
Super Star Mahesh Babu's upcoming
movie under Sukumar direction has been moving ahead at a slow pace and in the
meantime Srinu Vytla is busy in getting the whole thing in place for his next flick
Aagadu with Mahesh. This movie might be launched officially in June and go to
sets future this year. Srinu Vylta wants to finish this off as rapidly as he
can. The producers are scheduling to release this movie for summer 2014.
According sources say that
Shruti Hassan is the main contestant for this role. Shruti Hasan, who bumps
into gold with Power Star's Gabbar Singh is the most sought after artist in Tollywood
now. She is at present doing movies with Ram Charan, Jr NTR and Ravi Teja. She
also has a Hindi project and a couple of Tamil movies up her protective cover.
If she bags Aagadu too, then Shruti Hasan would give the present top heroines
Kajal Agarwal and Samantha tough rivalry to the numerous Uno position.
Actress Shruti Hassan is at
present pretty busy and it would be tough for her to squeeze in dates for
Aagadu. In future she has not yet signed on the dotted line. She was previously
considered for Businessman and lost that chance for Kajal Agarwal. She does not
want to miss out this time and particularly when Mahesh is on a golden run and
with Srinu Vytla, the hit machine wielding the megaphone. As of now there are
more than seventy present chances for Shruti to bag Aagadu. Wait for the approved
validation from the producers.


text:
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text:
Learn more about Nuer
The Nuer are a confederation of tribes located in Southern Sudan and western Ethiopia. Collectively, the Nuer form one of the largest ethnic groups in East Africa. They are a pastoral people that rely on cows for almost every aspect of their daily lives.
[edit] History
They are one of the very few African groups that successfully fended off colonial powers in the early 1900s.[citation needed] Nuer warriors were noted as some of the most skilled in East Africa, with weapons made of fine crafted iron. Since the Nuer were so successful at fending off European powers, they spent much of their time interacting with bordering groups like those of the Dinka and Anuaks. The Nuer, being very well organized, were often able to conduct cattle raids against the Dinka, a tribe larger in population. Their traditional political organization, presented to the outside world through the ethnographic work by Evans-Pritchard, has become a classic example of an indigenous anarchist political structure without a single leader or leader group.
The nature of relations among these various southern tribes were greatly affected in the nineteenth century by the intrusion of Ottomans, Arabs, and eventually the British. Some ethnic groups made their accommodation with the intruders and others did not, in effect pitting one southern ethnic group against another in the context of foreign rule. For example, some sections of the Dinka were more accommodating to British rule than were the Nuer. The Dinka treated the resisting Nuer as hostile, and hostility developed between the two groups as a result of their differing relationships to the British.
[edit] Culture
Cattle have historically been of the highest symbolic, religious and economic value among the Nuer. Cattle are particularly important in their role as bridewealth, where they are given by a husband's lineage to his wife's lineage. It is this exchange of cattle which ensures that the children will be considered to belong to the husband's lineage and to his line of descent. The classical Nuer institution of ghost marriage, in which a man can "father" children after his death, is based on this ability of cattle exchanges to define relations of kinship and descent. In their turn, cattle given over to the wife's patrilineage enable the male children of that patrilineage to marry, and thereby ensure the continuity of her patrilineage.
E. E. Evans-Pritchard studied the Nuer and made very detailed accounts of his interactions. He also describes Nuer cosmology and religion in his books.
In the 1990's, Sharon Hutchinson returned to Nuerland to update Evans-Pritchard's account. She found that the Nuer had placed strict limits on the convertability of money and cattle in order to preserve the special status of cattle as objects of bridewealth exchange and as mediators to the divine. She also found that as a result of endemic warfare with the Sudanese state, guns had acquired much of the symbolic and ritual importance previously held by cattle.
The tribe speak the Nuer language, which belongs to the Nilo-Saharan language phylum.
The Nuer receive facial markings (called gaar) as part of their initiation into adulthood. The pattern of Nuer scarification varies within specific subgroups. One common initiation pattern consists of six parallel horizontal lines across the forehead, with dip in the lines above the nose. Dotted patterns are also common (especially among the Bul Nuer).
Typical foods eaten by the Nuer tribe include beef, sourdough corn ball pasta (called Kop), Injera bread (large, sour dough pancake), milk, and mangos.
Because of the civil wars in Southern Sudan over the past 50 years, many Nuer have emigrated to Kenya and elsewhere. Approximately 25,000 Nuer were resettled in the United States as refugees since the early 1990s, with many Nuer now residing in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Tennessee, Georgia, and many other states.
[edit] Naming conventions
- Nya (nee ya) meaning daughter of is the standard prefix used for female names. Gat, meaning son of, is a common prefix for male names.
- Children are commonly numbered
- Niel means rain, and is a common name for males.
- The father's family name is incorporated into the child's full name
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Sudan Emancipation & Preservation Network (SEPNet)
- Images of Nuer in the village of Leal, Southern Sudan
[edit] Books and Other Resources
See works of Evans-Pritchard.
More recent publications related to the Nuer include:
- Sharon Hutchinson, 1996, Nuer Dilemma's, University of California Press, Berkley, CA.
- Deborah Scroggin's, 2004, Emma's War, Pantheon Books, New Yorkca:Nuer
de:Nuer (Volk) fr:Nuer la:Nueri pl:Nuerowie sh:Nuer sv:Nuer
Categories: Articles with unsourced statements | Ethnic groups in Ethiopia | Ethnic groups in Sudan | Pastoralists | Nilotic peoples