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In the back of a dark and abandoned warehouse, Skull was celebrating! Not only would he soon learn the fate of the purple haired girl, who had blinded him, but now he could see once again!
Skull had been taken, after the fateful encounter that night with the psycho bitch, to a back alley skin grafter, who happened to have a spare night vision insert.
A couple of hours later, after getting his neuro circuitry reattached to a Widmore Industries Optics (WIO) Model 108 "Nightbrite" artificial eye, Skull was back in business and the skin grafter was rewarded with a couple of tubes of Haze and one glorious night with a Joy Girl!
Skull sat on the floor and puffed, then passed around, an Indian peace pipe filled with Banyon Root. He was flanked by a couple of Joe Boys, along with a half dozen Cyber-Gypsies just down from Portland. Over in the corner, a Booter danced with two Joy Girls, who were way out of his league, even for a Booter.
The black smoke from the pipe created an eerie swirling motion, as it hung to the floor, fogging out the surrounding area for several feet. So it took a while for Skull to look up and see that he now had an additional guest at his punk party. An uninvited guest!
Stepping out of the smoke was a pretty girl with long purple hair. Skull, so sure that this purple bitch was now dead, momentarily froze in fear, thinking he was seeing a ghost. A ghost armed to the teeth!
Lysergic Oldham held the automatic Spitter rifle in one arm and the Sonic Shotgun in the other. The old style Shotgun was strapped over her shoulder and the blood gutter knife was hooked under her belt.
She stood and smiled her psychotic smile. Skull couldn't help it but a chill, once again, ran down his spine.
"You'd better be a ghost from the grave!" Skull remarked, as he slowly stood up. The rest of the group just sat there, too fried to be aware anything was amiss.
"You'll soon find out!" Lysergic replied, as she fired the Sonic shotgun.
Skull immediately went flying across the floor, as the two polymer bullet bags smashed into his sternum, knocking the breath right out of him!
Thinking this was part of Skull's planned entertainment for the evening, a few of the partiers clapped! Skull, meanwhile, lay against the far wall, trying to catch his breath.
"This…. is the…. Bitch, who…. was… supposed to… die…. tonight!!!" he managed to cry out, "kill…. her!!! KILL HER!!!!"
The punk partiers were, not surprisingly, confused at first, then the two Joe Boys realized what was happening and immediately sprang into action.
Joe Boy One pulled out a thin, sharp, fiber wire, with a steel ball on the end. He began to swing it over his head, like some lethal lasso.
Lysergic quickly stepped back, dodging the ball, as it swung low over her head, but she simply opened up with the Spitter and surgically sliced off Joe Boy One's arm! The steel ball, along with Boy One's arm, went flying across the warehouse floor, leaving a contrail of blood along its flight path!
The newly one armed Boy One, just stood in confusion, as he looked at the stub where his arm had been as if, like some street lizard, a new arm would suddenly re-generate! He then just toppled over, as blood gushed out of his stub!
Joe Boy Two pulled out his own Spitter and opened fire, but Lysergic immediately ran and dropped down behind the Booter and his two Joy Girls, who were neatly sliced in two by the Spitter's 200 rounds per second steel needles!
However, Boy Two's Spitter suddenly jammed! Lysergic remained under the cover of the slices of bodies, as she took aim.
CLICK!! CLICK!! Her own Spitter's needle clip was now empty!
As Boy Two desperately tried to unjam his rifle, Lysergic quickly grabbed Bradley Linus's old 30.06 shotgun and fired both barrels.
Joe Boy Two's head exploded like a watermelon dropped from a skyscraper! His headless torso, now engaged in some type of muscular lock down, stood as still as a flesh statue.
Lysergic, now covered with the blood of the Booter and the two Joy Girls, crawled out from under the torsos. As she defensively glanced around, she noticed that the rest of the partiers had hauled ass out of there!
Only Skull remained, still trying to get up off the floor. Lysergic cautiously approached and stood over him.
"You're supposed to be dead!" he coughed, still trying to catch his breath after the encounter with the polymer bags, "Skunk said you'd be dead!"
Lysergic grinned, "Your Bitch Boy couldn't make it, but he sent you this!"
Lysergic then pulled out of her back pocket the rest of Skunk's Mohawk. She held it up like a trophy for Skull to admire.
"Why you F*****G Bitch!!!!" Skull cried out.
"So, you can see again," Lysergic said.
"Yeah, no thanks to you!" Skull replied.
"Well, I am feeling merciful this evening!" Lysergic giggled, "so I'm not going to let you see yourself die, which is more than what I suspected happened to my family back at the store!"
"W..what are y..you going to d..do??!!" Skull stuttered.
"You'll… find…. out!" Lysergic sing songed, as she took the knife and held it up to Skull's new artificial eye.
"Look, we can make a deal!!" Skull pleaded, "anything you want! ANYTHING!!!!"
"Okay, here's the deal!" Lysergic replied.
Skull breathed a slight sigh of relief, thinking he would get out of this alive.
"The deal is…I cut out your new eye!" Lysergic added, as she took the blood gutter knife and inserted it deep between the metal eye and Skull's eye bone socket and flipped the knife.
Skull screamed, as the eye easily popped out and ricocheted off the back wall.
"YOU BLINDED ME AGAIN!!!" Skull screamed, "YOU……!!!"
But Skull failed to finish his thought, as Lysergic sliced his throat so deeply, she actually decapitated him! Skull's head rolled off his neck, landing on the floor with a "THUMP!!"
Suddenly, Lysergic heard sirens outside. Someone had called the Cops!!!
She bolted out the back door, quickly grabbed the scooter, then drove down the back row, behind some other abandoned warehouses. As she sped towards a gateway, she glanced back to see two patrol cars closing in!
She knew she wasn't going to be able to outrun the police, so she hoped to be able to make it past the gate, ditch the scooter, then try to disappear into some back ally street. She figured it was her only chance to escape.
But just as she approached the gate, she suddenly felt the front tire of her scooter blow out! The cops had set out a spiked strip trap.
The scooter flipped, sending Lysergic head over heels! Luckily, she fell into a pile of discarded styro foam that cushioned her fall! Not so luckily, a dozen police officers quickly approached with guns drawn.
"HOLD IT! KEEP YOUR HANDS WHERE WE CAN SEE THEM!!!" Lysergic heard someone yell.
She then felt her arms being pulled back and cuffs being slapped on her wrists!
"You have the right to remain silent! Anything you say can and will be used against you!" she heard her rights being read, as she was pulled to her feet, "you have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford one, one will be appointed to you. Do you understand these rights, as we have explained them?!"
Lysergic remained silent.
"Well, DO you understand?!" a cop repeated.
"I thought I had the right to remain silent?!" Lysergic answered.
"You do!" the cop answered.
"Then, I'm exercising my rights!" Lysergic noted.
"We just want to know if you understand your rights, as we've explained them to you?!" the cop frustratingly replied.
"Well," Lysergic answered, "if I'm remaining silent, then I must understand!"
Lysergic just smiled, as she was taken away.
Next: Chap. Eight "Lesson Number One"


text:
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Santa Monica Airport Ad-Hoc Committee Meeting
Date:Apr 21 2016 - 7:00pm
Santa Monica Airport Ad-Hoc Committee Meeting
Thursday, April 21, 2016 - 7:00 PM
12139 National Blvd. LA, CA 90064
(rear entrance from the alley behind the laundromat)
Park in the rear ally parking spaces, or on the street; not in the front laundromat parking lot
Valerie Davidson, firstname.lastname@example.com
Martin Rubin, email@example.com
I. Call to Order
II. Introductions and Public Comments (2 minutes)
III. Approval of February 18, 2016 meeting minutes (see page 2)
IV. Reports
a. Report by Co-Chairs
b. Report from groups other than MVCC.
V. Old Business
VI. New Business
a. Open discussion
b. Request items for next meeting's agenda
VII. Public Announcements (2 minutes)
VIII. Adjournment
*In compliance with Government Code section 54957.5, non-exempt writings that are distributed to a majority or all of the board in advance of a meeting, may be viewed at http://www.marvista.org or at the scheduled meeting. In addition, if you would like a copy of any record related to an item on the agenda, please contact email@example.com.
**As a covered entity under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the City of Los Angeles does not discriminate on the basis of disability and upon request, will provide reasonable accommodation to ensure equal access to its programs, services, and activities. Sign language interpreters, assistive listening devices, or any auxiliary aids and or services may be provided upon request. To ensure availability of services, please make your request at least 3 business days prior to the meeting you wish to attend by contacting firstname.lastname@example.com.
Santa Monica Airport Ad-Hoc Committee
Thursday, February 18, 2016
12139 National Blvd. LA, CA 90064
Valerie Davidson, firstname.lastname@example.com - Martin Rubin, firstname.lastname@example.com
I. Call to Order @7:00 PM by Martin Rubin
II. Introductions and Public Comments (2 minutes)
6 present - Martin Rubin, Val Davidson, Joan Winters, Virginia Ernst, Betty Juarez, Dave Cornog
III. Approval of January 21, 2016 meeting minutes passed with no corrections or objections
IV. Reports:
a. Report by Co-Chairs Report by Co-Chair Val Davidson - MVCC Airport Committee's motion from December 17, 2015 meeting passed unanimously.
Report by Co-Chair Martin Rubin - On March 11th, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in Pasadena will hear opening arguments for the lawsuit filed by the City of Santa Monica against FAA regarding title to the property known as the Santa Monica Airport. The lawsuit asks for relief from the claim by FAA that the City must operate the Santa Monica Airport in perpetuity.
The City of Santa Monica served an Unlawful Detainer to Justice Aviation. Also, Gunnell aviation may not renew their lease. The two are aviation businesses at SMO. On February 24, 2016, the North Westdale Neighborhood Association (NWNA) will have as their guest, speaker Nelson Hernandez, the new Senior Advisor to the SM City Manager on Santa Monica Airport Issues, and at the NWNA April 8, 2016 meeting Congresswoman Karen Bass will be the guest.
b. Report from groups other than MVCC. (None)
V. Old Business: None
VI. New Business:
a. Open discussion Several topics were discussed including a possible protest and a letter writing campaign.
b. Request items for next meeting's agenda: (None)
VII. Public Announcements (2 minutes)
VIII. Adjournment 7:45 PM
|SMAC Agenda April 21, 2016.pdf
|Meeting Location map.jpg
|smac-April 21, 2016 - draft minutes.pdf

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I did a cake a short time ago where I piped royal icing onto a sugar molded bear:
However, doing that piping was a pain! The icing didn't want to stay put, it kept on falling off. I eventually got it done, but I have another of a similar design coming up & am hoping someone might have some advice for me. How can I make sure the RI sticks the first time? My DH suggessted using some sandpaper & roughing up the surface just a bit, to give it something to cling to. Would this work? Or is there anything else that anyone can suggest? TIA!!
Why not just make the bear from cake and pipe b'cream instead?
If you must do it on molded sugar it sounds to me like your RI was too thick. Did you try thinning it down any when you had problems w/it? Use some Karo syrup or piping gel instead of liquid to thin RI....and do it a drop or two at a time....not spoonfuls.


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Flanged metal wheels can be used for a range of track applications, including lumber kilns, material transfer vehicles, marine tracks, cranes and factory or mining carts.
When properly selected and maintained, industrial cart wheels used with track installations enhance productivity and efficiency – they offer controlled movement of heavy-duty machinery with minimal friction and wear.
Mismatched wheels, or wheels unsuitable for a specific application, have the opposite effect; they risk failure that can damage operating equipment. Selecting the wrong wheel can lead to work slowdowns, stoppages, or even safety hazards.
The following is an overview of essential considerations when selecting wheels for industrial and commercial rail applications.
Application and Material
The primary consideration for wheel selection is the track it will operate on.
Rail and track installations can be installed in many different ways and take many different forms. They can be set on or below the surface; in some cases, tracks are even suspended overhead. Tracks are also installed in various widths and gauges.
Depending on a track's location, age, and frequency of use, some rails will show signs of damage or wear, including uneven surfaces or misalignment. Running speeds, curve design and excessive environmental debris all contribute to rail wear, but so can the material and design of a metal wheel. Proper wheel selection can improve handling and maneuverability while ensuring a longer operational lifespan.
Factors to consider:
- Hard surfaces create wear on softer surfaces.
It's best to select wheels less hard than their tracks. Harder track materials will wear wheels more quickly, but this is more economical than using harder wheels and replacing tracks more frequently.
- Steel is more elastic than iron.
Because it is less brittle, steel is less susceptible to breakage —and is more forgiving when riding along twists, turns and other track variances.
- Single flanged wheels are more maneuverable than double flanged wheels.
They are used more often on trains and trolleys designed to travel at higher speeds. Each flange is located on the inside edge of each wheel—providing guidance without restricting movement.
- Double flanged wheels offer better support to keep vehicles on track.
While they offer more stability, they are typically used at slower speeds. Double flanged wheels are ideal for overhead cranes and trolleys, where they help guide equipment more precisely and result in less side-to-side motion.
- Wheels can be customized to fit your rails.
This includes altering the diameter or the width of each flange. It also includes altering the tread width, which is the surface area between each flange. A tread width should be slightly larger than the track size.
Operating Environment
When selecting wheels for use in industrial or commercial settings, it's important to identify and evaluate their intended use and overall operating environment. Factors such as extreme temperatures and caustic environments affect the performance and operating life of industrial wheels.
In some environments, wheels may be subject to extreme temperatures, chemicals or other conditions that may lead to accelerated corrosion and/or wear.
- Caustic environments may require special materials or treatments.
Without them, wheels in caustic environments are subject to corrosion, melting or pitting.
- Various stainless steel alloys offer high resistance to certain types of corrosion.
They can be used when determining specifications for custom wheels.
Weight Capacity and High-impact Loading
All materials have their breaking point. It's important to know the limit of your wheels and to plan accordingly. Consider any high-impact or uneven loading that the wheels will need to tolerate. Working beyond a specified carrying capacity can lead to material failures, which can damage vehicles or other machinery, as well as risk employee harm.
- Weight will be distributed across all wheels on a cart.
To estimate capacity requirements for each individual wheel, identify the maximum loading weight (including the weight of the cart), add an additional 25 percent of the total weight and then divide by the number of wheels.
Wheel carrying capacity = [Max loading weight + (Max loading weight * 0.25)] / Wheels
- Uneven loads may require wheels to carry higher capacities.
Uneven loads put more load on individual wheels, so the carrying capacity of each wheel must increase accordingly.
- High-impact loading can lead to material fatigue over time.
While iron has better fatigue resistance than steel, it is also more brittle and susceptible to fracture. Steel offers better all-around strength for long-term use.
- Ductile iron is more elastic and less brittle than standard cast iron.
It can be a good alternative to steel—offering good balance between hardness and ductility.
- Bushings and bearings can also affect a wheel's load capacity.
High-capacity bushings and bearings can increase capacity and are relatively easy to install.
Heavy loading requires stability for secure transport of valuable materials. Lumber in particular needs to be stacked in a way that promotes airflow, making stable transport critical for maintaining balanced lumber loads.
- Wider wheel dimensions offer better stability.
Wheels can be customized for additional width when required.
- Material elasticity adds stability.
Standard steel wheels offer more elasticity than iron products, and special alloys can be specified for custom products.
- Proper flanges are critical to maintaining track alignment.
Different weights, speeds and other environmental factors will dictate the dimensions for a proper flange.
Ease of Movement
Different modes of propulsion will determine how easily a rail vehicle should move. Machine-powered forces will move a vehicle more effectively than manual labor, so manual vehicles should be designed to offer the least resistance possible to minimize fatigue among handlers.
Wheel bearings and bushings reduce friction and wear, making them a common area for customization.
Bearings are machine elements that reduce friction between moving parts within a restricted field of motion. They can be installed into industrial wheels to ensure free turning on a fixed axle. Low-friction bearings are often ideal for hand-propelled carts, as they offer minimal resistance.
Bushings are metal or nylon linings set into a wheel's bore to limit the size of an opening, resist abrasion or serve as a guide. They can prevent friction and erosion between a wheel and axle.
Standard and Custom Industrial Cart Wheels
Standard in-stock models are usually the most economical and expedient option. Standard wheels are designed and tested to accommodate certain track types and load capacities. They can also be cheaper to customize—on your own or through your provider—than fully custom designs.
Custom manufacturing involves a longer process for consultation and development, but may be better suited when ordering large volumes with precise specifications.
Where to go from here
Reliance Foundry carries a selection of standard, in-stock industrial steel wheels and provides consultation on new custom wheels.
We are able to work with you through any stage of sourcing and development—from working with existing products to developing entirely new wheel concepts. Our sales staff are available at any time to offer guidance and consultation on planning a custom wheel order.
Additional reading
Originally published September 15, 2014. Updates reflect current products.


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Police arrest a man over a murder committed 30 years ago
Homicide Squad detectives arrested a 61-year-old man today, and charged him with the 1983 murder of Mary Wallace.
Ms Wallace was never seen again after accepting a lift home from the Alpine Inn Hotel in Crows Nest, on Sydney's north shore over 30 years ago.
Source: 7pm TV News NSW | Duration: 1min 59sec
Topics: law-crime-and-justice, sydney-2000


text:
DNC Chat Day 4
By NB Staff | August 28, 2008 7:17 PM EDT
It's the final night of the Democratic convention. On the agenda: Al Gore, Howard Dean, and the nominee himself, Barack Obama.
Post your thoughts about the goings on here or take part in our live NB Chat.
(Note: You must be a registered member of NewsBusters in order to participate in chats.)


text:
Alendronate, an aminobisphosphonate, produces as a side effect a topical (pill induced) esophagitis. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we assessed the effects of luminal alendronate on both esophageal epithelial structure and function. Sections of rabbit esophageal epithelium were exposed to luminal alendronate at neutral or acidic pH while mounted in Ussing chambers to monitor transmural electrical potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (I sc), and resistance (R). Morphological changes were sought by light microscopy in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Impedance analysis was used for localization of alendronate-induced effects on ion transport. Luminal, but not serosal, alendronate (pH 6.9–7.2), increased PD andI sc in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with little change in R and mild edema of surface cell layers. The changes in I sc (and PD) were reversible with drug washout and could be prevented either by inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity with serosal ouabain or by inhibition of apical Na channels with luminal acidification to pH 2.0 with HCl. An effect on apical Na channel activity was also supported by impedance analysis. Luminal alendronate at acidic pH was more damaging than either alendronate at neutral pH or acidic pH alone. These data suggest that alendronate stimulates net ion (Na) transport in esophageal epithelium by increasing apical membrane sodium channel activity and that this occurs with limited morphological change and no alteration in barrier function. Also alendronate is far more damaging at acidic than at neutral pH, suggesting its association with esophagitis requires gastric acid for expression. This expression may occur either by potentiation between the damaging effects of (refluxed) gastric acid and drug or by acid-induced conversion of the drug to a more toxic form.
- biphosphonates
- esophagitis
- transepithelial ion transport
- Ussing chamber
- sodium channels
alendronate, an aminobisphosphonate, is a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, which makes this an effective agent for the treatment of osteoporosis (3, 7, 10, 13). Although generally well tolerated, an early important side effect of taking alendronate 10 mg once a day (alendronate is now also available in 70-mg tablets for treatment once weekly) was the development of erosive esophagitis (1, 2, 9, 12, 14, 19). Indeed, in some cases, the esophagitis was severe enough to require hospitalization due to epithelial ulceration and healing with stricture formation (5, 9,11, 12). On the basis of clinical history (patients ingesting medication with little liquid or reclining shortly after taking the medication) and endoscopic observations of the pattern of damage, initial reports concluded that alendronate damaged the esophagus by direct (luminal) contact with the esophageal epithelium, resulting in a form of "pill-induced" esophagitis. To gain insight into this phenomenon, therefore, we assessed the effects of luminal alendronate on both esophageal epithelial structure and function and did this at both neutral and acidic pH, the latter to take into account the potential in humans for refluxed gastric acid to alter the potential for alendronate toxicity. The stratified squamous epithelium from the rabbit esophagus was chosen for these studies because it is1) structurally and functionally similar to that of the human esophageal epithelium, 2) well characterized in terms of its transport and barrier physiology, and 3) devoid of submucosal glands and is ideally suited for investigation of squamous epithelial structure/function alone when mounted in Ussing chambers (18, 20, 22). Also noteworthy is that the concentration range of alendronate selected for study, 1–10 mg/ml, was by necessity empiric because pill-induced esophagitis principally occurs because of adherence of ingested tablets to the epithelial surface, an occurrence that would create, as the tablets dissolve, high concentrations of chemical in a localized area of epithelium.
Male New Zealand White rabbits weighing 8–9 lb were killed by administration of an intravenous overdose of pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/ml). The esophagus was dissected free, opened lengthwise, and pinned mucosal surface down in a paraffin tray containing ice-cold oxygenated normal Ringer solution. The submucosa and muscularis propria were grasped with hemostats, lifted up, and dissected free of the underlying mucosa with a scalpel. This process left attached to the paraffin tray a sheet of tissue consisting of stratified squamous epithelium and a small amount of underlying connective tissue. From this tissue, four sections were cut and mounted as flat sheets between Lucite half-chambers with an aperture of 1.13 cm2, which permitted contact with separate bathing solutions for the luminal and serosal sides of the tissue.
Tissues mounted in chambers were bathed initially with normal Ringer solution composed of the following (in mM): 140 Na+, 119.8 Cl−, 5.2 K+, 25 HCO3 −, 1.2 Ca2+, 1.2 Mg2+, 2.4 HPO4 −2, 0.4 H2PO4 −2, with osmolality 268 mosmol/kgH2O and pH 7.4 when gassed with 95% O2–5% CO2 at 37°C. Luminal and serosal solutions were connected to calomel and Ag-AgCl electrodes by Ringer agar bridges for measurements of potential difference (PD) and short-circuit current (I sc) with a voltage clamp (World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, FL). Tissues were continuously short circuited, except for 5–10 s when the open circuit PD was read. Tissue electrical resistance (R), a marker of epithelial permeability, was calculated from the PD and I scusing Ohm's law (R = PD/I sc). Tissues were equilibrated in Ringer for 45 min before examination to allow stabilization of electrical parameters. After equilibration, tissues having R > 1,000 Ω/cm2 were paired by R (R within 25%) for comparative studies between those treated with alendronate and untreated controls.
Alendronate solutions (1–10 mg/ml) were prepared by pulverizing to a powder with mortar and pestle commercially available 10-mg tablets of alendronate (Fosamax; Merck, West Point, PA). The powder was dissolved in 10 ml of normal Ringer solution, yielding solutions whose pH ranged from pH 6.9 to 7.2. For alendronate exposure, after equilibration in 10 ml normal Ringer solution, the luminal bathing solution was drained and substituted for 10 ml normal Ringer containing the desired concentration of alendronate. The control was handled in a similar manner, except that the luminal solution was replaced with normal Ringer solution, which was titrated with 0.1 N HCl, when necessary, to match the pH of the alendronate solution. After initial titration with HCl, pH of all solutions remained constant. In some experiments, the effect of pretreatment with alendronate on the ability of the esophageal epithelium to resist injury by acid was tested by acidification of the luminal bath to pH 2.0 with 3 N HCl. Injury was assessed by monitoring R and by fixing tissues with 10% formaldehyde for histology. Tissue sections were cut and subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin for evaluation by light microscopy. Morphological injury, which was evaluated by an observer with no knowledge of treatment groups was scored as follows: 0, normal; 1, inter/intracellular edema; 2, patchy necrosis; 3, diffuse necrosis; 4, transmural necrosis (ulceration).
Impedance analysis.
This was carried out as previously described by Van Driessche et al. (23). Briefly, tissues were mounted in modified Ussing chambers and clamped to 0 mV using a low noise four-electrode clamp with agar bridges connected by low-resistance Ag/AgCl electrodes. Impedance was continuously measured at five frequencies: 128 Hz, 343 Hz, 1.0 kHz, 4.1 kHz, and 16.4 kHz. The direct current (DC) conductance (g m) was measured using a low-frequency (0.25 Hz) signal, and this value was used to calculate the capacitance (C m) at each of the individual frequencies. Every 10 min an impedance spectrum was measured at 99 frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 16 kHz.
Junction potentials were measured for all solutions according to a method modified following that of Read and Fordtran (15). Inasmuch as these values were found to be equal or less than +1.1 mV, no correction was made for them in the presentation of results.
All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), except where otherwise indicated. Ouabain, 10−4 M, was prepared by dissolving in a small volume of DMSO.
Statistical significance was determined using Student'st-test for parametric data (electrical parameters), the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data (morphological injury scores), and the regression coefficient analysis for dose-response studies. All data were reported as the means ± SE, and P < 0.05 was accepted as indicating a statistically significant difference among groups.
All studies were approved by the Animal Welfare Committee.
To determine if alendronate had any effect on the barrier or ion transport properties of esophageal epithelium, rabbit esophageal epithelium was initially exposed to a high concentration (10 mg/ml) of alendronate in normal Ringer solution while mounted in Ussing chambers for 1 h. The results, as shown in Fig.1, illustrate that acute exposure to alendronate increases PD and I sc with time while having little effect on R. The PD increased by 54 ± 6% and I sc increased by 64 ± 7% at 1 h vs. the control, which PD decreased by 10 ± 3% andI sc decreased by 15 ± 2% at 1 h (n = 4/group, P < 0.01). This increase translates into an increase of 5 ± 0.2 mV and 5.5 ± 2 μAmps/cm2 in alendronate-treated tissues. Moreover, this effect was reversible because removal of alendronate by replacement of the luminal bath with normal Ringer solution results in complete reversibility by 45 min. At the end of the washout period (1 h post-alendronate removal), tissues were fixed and examined morphologically. The histology of alendronate-exposed tissues showed minimal changes with some membrane "wrinkling" and mild edema of the surface cell layers when compared with normal Ringer-exposed controls (Fig. 2, A andB), and this was reflected in scores for alendronate-treated tissues of 1.2 ± 0.5 vs. Ringer-exposed controls of 0.3 ± 0.2 (n = 4/group, P < 0.01).
Notably, alendronate exists commercially as a sodium salt, and when dissolved in normal Ringer solution, this salt liberates Na ions such that it increased the luminal Na concentration by 20 meq/l. To determine whether the effect of alendronate observed above was the result of the higher Na concentration, tissues were exposed to normal Ringer solution or to normal Ringer solution to which 20 meq/l of Na was added in the form of Na isothionate. The results of this experiment establish that the additional Na in the luminal bath has no effect on the electrical parameters (PD, I sc,R) of the tissue as illustrated for theI sc in Fig. 3. This suggests that the stimulation of ion transport in alendronate-exposed tissues was a direct effect of the agent on the epithelium. Moreover, and suggesting that the effect of alendronate is a drug class effect, luminal exposure to risedronate, 10 mg/ml, also resulted in stimulation of the I sc; however, the magnitude of the current rise, 17 ± 4.6% (n = 4), above basal levels was significantly lower than that for alendronate, 64 ± 7% (n = 4, P< 0.05).
The dose at which alendronate exerted its effects on PD andI sc was subsequently evaluated by exposing rabbit esophageal epithelium in Ussing chambers to varying concentrations of alendronate for 1 h. In Fig.4, the results of these experiments are depicted as a plot of the concentration of alendronate vs. percent change in PD, I sc, and R at 1 h. Note the strong linear relationship for the increase in PD andI sc over the entire dose range up to 10 mg/ml with R 2 > 0.93 for each parameter.
To address the possible mechanism by which alendronate stimulatesI sc (and so PD) across the esophageal epithelium, tissues were pretreated with serosal ouabain, 10−4 M, for 30 min to block active transport before exposure to luminal alendronate, 10 mg/ml. As shown in Fig.5, ouabain progressively reduced PD andI sc with time such that by 30 min both parameters were significantly lower than untreated normal Ringer-exposed controls. When alendronate was then added to the luminal bath, PD and I sc increased in the untreated tissues, whereas treatment of the tissues with ouabain prevented the increase in both I sc and PD. This suggests that alendronate's ability to increase PD and I scwas a direct effect on net (transcellular) ion transport rather than an effect on the paracellular pathway.
To better understand the site of action of alendronate, tissues were also exposed to alendronate serosally in doses of 10, 5, and 3 mg/ml. Unlike luminal alendronate, however, the results revealed a prompt dose-dependent decline in I sc (and PD). For 10 mg/ml, I sc declined by 38%; for 5 mg/ml, by 11%; and for 3 mg/ml, by 13% within 15 min, and these reductions were completely reversible inasmuch as replacement of the alendronate solution with normal Ringer resulted in return of theI sc (and PD) to baseline values within 15 min (data not shown). (Note: serosal pH 6.9 in the absence of alendronate has no effect on current.) Because these results suggest that alendronate's luminal action was not related to absorption and action on the basolateral membrane, attention was focused on alendronate's effect on apical membrane sodium channels in this actively sodium-transporting tissue. This was done by first exposing the esophageal epithelium to alendronate, 10 mg/ml, to produce an increase in I sc and PD, and then titrating the luminal bath with 3 N HCl to reach a pH of 2.0. The luminal bath was acidified to pH 2.0 as a means of inhibiting Na transport through apical membrane Na channels (see discussion and Refs. 18 and21). As illustrated in Fig. 6, luminal acidification almost completely abolished the alendronate-induced increase in PD and I sc. [Note: in the absence of acidification, alendronate-treated tissues exhibit continued elevations in I sc and PD over baseline and these elevations continue to slowly increase over the hour of these experiments. Also luminal acidification to pH 2.0 alone has no significant effect on PD, I sc, or Ror on tissue histology in esophageal epithelium. This is evident by comparison of luminal acidification to pH 2.0 for 1 h (60- to 120-min time period in Ussing chamber) in Fig. 6 with that of nonacidified controls exposed to normal Ringer solution for 1 h (over the same 60- to 120-min time period) in Fig. 1]. Further luminal acidification to pH 2.0 produced a similar inhibitory effect onI sc (and PD; data not shown) over the entire dose range up to 10 mg/ml (Fig. 7). Additional evidence to support the increase in PD andI sc by alendronate was due to stimulation of active Na transport; tissues were exposed to alendronate, 10 mg/ml, for 1 h in Cl-free bathing solution (both luminal and serosal). (Note: Na-free experiments cannot be done technically because alendronate releases Na from its salt.) Similar to alendronate in Cl-containing Ringer solution, alendronate in Cl-free solution produced similar increases in I sc (61 ± 10% over controls) and PD (46 ± 1.6% over controls) (n = 3).
To determine the effects of alendronate on transepithelial properties we used impedance analysis. As shown in Fig.8, alendronate, 0.67 mg/ml, stimulated both conductance and the I sc. This stimulation was reversible, and both parameters returned to control after washout of alendronate. The increase of conductance was in the range of 10% and was smaller than the ∼45% increase ofI sc. As the transepithelial conductance of rabbit esophageal epithelia is dominated by the paracellular pathway (20), the smaller change of conductance vs. current rules out appreciable changes of the paracellular pathway and indicates that the likely target of alendronate is the cellular apical and basolateral membrane resistance. This is also consistent with the lack of detectable changes of the high-frequency capacitance (see Ref.23 and Fig. 8). To demonstrate the effects of low-dose alendronate on the apical membrane, impedance spectra were also collected (Fig. 9). Under these conditions, the time constant of the apical and basolateral membranes were sufficiently different from each other to permit resolution of the relative contributions of each membrane to the transepithelial impedance. In these experiments, a small decrease of transepithelial resistance with alendronate (leftward shift of the impedance spectrum) was noted. Although the absolute value of the apical and basolateral resistances cannot be determined without a priori knowledge of the resistance of the paracellular pathway, the relative contribution of each of the membrane resistances could be assessed. Therefore, the decrease of impedance was found to be predominantly due to a decrease of apical membrane impedance and more specifically its DC resistance (Fig. 9, left). These data support the concept that the changes of I sc are mediated via effects on the apical membrane.
To determine the effects of a high dose of alendronate on tissue impedance, tissues were exposed to 10 mg/ml of alendronate. As shown in Fig. 10, luminal alendronate caused a marked stimulation of the I sc. This stimulation was similar in magnitude to that observed with 0.67 mg/ml, indicating potential saturation of the response of Na transport. The changes of conductance were also similar with the high dose of alendronate. Moreover, addition of basolateral alendronate, as shown in Fig. 10, reversed the effects on transport but further potentiated the stimulation of conductance. These effects indicate the potential for a complex response at the higher doses, which may involve separate effects on both apical and basolateral membranes.
To address the effects of high dose alendronate on both membranes, impedance spectral analysis was also carried out. As shown in Fig.11, alendronate caused a large increase of apical resistance (R a) and a compensatory decrease of basolateral resistance (R bl), such that the total resistance was decreased as observed in Fig. 10. The increase of R a was initially (within the first 10 min) preceded by a small decrease as observed with the lower doses of alendronate (data not shown). Furthermore, addition of sequential intermediate doses of alendronate (2, 4, 6 mg/ml) indicated that the sustained decrease of R a with 0.67 mg/ml was also observed at 2 mg/ml but not at the higher doses (data not shown). These data are consistent with the interpretation that low doses of alendronate, up to 2 mg/ml, stimulate the apical conductance, whereas higher doses block it. This is, however, not reflected as inhibition of transport with high dose luminal alendronate, as these changes are accompanied by stimulation of basolateral conductance. This decrease inR bl is likely due to increased basolateral K conductance, which in turn increases the electrical driving force for apical Na entry into the cells. Notably, addition of basolateral alendronate inhibits the I sc despite large stimulation of the K channels. This is due, as shown in Fig. 11, to severe inhibition of apical (Na channel) conductance.
In another set of experiments, the morphological effects of luminal alendronate, 10 mg/ml, for 1 h were compared at acidic (HCl, pH 2) and neutral pH (Ringer, pH 6.9) in Ussing chamber-mounted tissue sections from the same rabbit. Alendronate at neutral pH again, as noted in Fig. 2, produced only minor changes in histology. Similarly, luminal acidity, pH 2, had little effect on esophageal morphology. In contrast, luminal alendronate at pH 2 resulted in significant injury as evidenced by the presence of diffuse edema and cell necrosis (Figs.12 and13, A and B). In addition, pretreatment with ouabain for 30 min to inhibit active Na transport before exposure to alendronate, 10 mg/ml, plus HCl, pH 2.0, for 1 h failed to alter the ability of this combination to produce morphological injury (morphological injury score was 2.16 ± 0.3,n = 3).
In the present study we observed that luminal alendronate at neutral pH has little effect on the morphology or barrier function of the esophageal epithelium. However, interestingly, it produced a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on active ion transport (increase inI sc), active ion transport in rabbit esophageal epithelium being principally the result of active Na absorption (Na absorption is ∼85% of I sc; Ref.16). Support for an effect of alendronate on Na absorption is provided in our studies by inhibition of this stimulatory effect onI sc by ouabain, an Na,K-ATPase inhibitor, or by luminal acidification, the latter a maneuver previously shown by our lab to inhibit apical membrane Na channels in this tissue (16,21) and by the fact that alendronate produced similar increases in I sc and PD in Cl-free Ringer solution. Furthermore, because serosal alendronate did not increaseI sc (actually decreasedI sc), the action of luminal alendronate was unlikely to be mediated by its absorption and action on the squamous cell basolateral membranes. Additional support for the conclusion that alendronate stimulates active transport in esophageal epithelium by an action on the apical membrane was obtained using impedance analysis. In these experiments, luminal alendronate, up to 2 mg/ml, reversibly stimulated both I sc and conductance, with the effect on I sc being much greater than that on conductance. Because conductance is dominated by the paracellular pathway in rabbit epithelium (20), this difference coupled with a lack of change in capacitance at high frequency (Fig. 8) mitigates against an appreciable change in paracellular permeability and in favor of a change in membrane permeability (23). Furthermore, based on time constants, the impedance spectra indicated that the primary effect of alendronate was on the apical membrane. These data, together, suggest that alendronate at low dose stimulates active (Na) transport in esophageal epithelium by an effect on the apical membrane Na channels. It remains unclear, however, whether this effect is a direct effect on the Na channel itself or mediated indirectly by changing apical membrane fluidity (4, 6). At higher doses, 4–10 mg/ml, similar to the lower dose, alendronate stimulated I sc. However, this was only briefly associated with a decrease in apical resistance because the higher doses then rapidly increased apical resistance. Nonetheless,I sc increased at the higher dose because of coincident increases in basolateral conductance, as shown by the decrease in R bl in Fig. 10. This is most likely a reflection of stimulation of basolateral K conductance, which hyperpolarizes the cells and increases the apical driving force for Na entry. The only previous reports of an effect of a bisphosphonate on ion transport have been in osteoclasts. In these cells it was shown that alendronate and tiludronate can inhibit Na-independent H+ extrusion that occurs via a vacuolar H+-ATPase (8, 24).
Although luminal alendronate at neutral pH had a significant effect on esophageal epithelial ion transport, it had minimal effects even at high concentration on esophageal morphology. This argues against the fact that a topical action by the drug as ingested (at neutral pH) was alone responsible for pill-induced esophagitis. A similar conclusion was reached by Peter and colleagues (17) based on experiments perfusing alendronate (0.2 mg/ml) in vivo into the esophagus of dogs for 5 days. Moreover, they observed that unlike neutral perfusions with alendronate, esophageal perfusion with alendronate at acidic pH (pH 2) resulted in significant esophageal pathology as characterized by marked ulcerative esophagitis. Our findings are consistent with these observations in that luminal alendronate for 1 h at an acidic pH (pH 2) that was itself nondamaging resulted in significant edema and cell necrosis. This indicates that alendronate's potential for esophageal injury is expressed on exposure to gastric acid. Furthermore, this injury appears to be unrelated to the ability of alendronate to stimulate active Na transport because acid pH 2.0 is known to inhibit Na absorption via the apical membrane Na channel in esophageal epithelium and prior treatment with ouabain to inhibit active Na transport failed to alter the extent of tissue injury induced by alendronate plus acid. In humans in vivo this might occur with adherence of a pill containing alendronate to the esophageal epithelium as a result of patients ingesting medication with little liquid or reclining shortly after taking the medication. Damage then occurs when the pill-containing esophagus is subsequently bathed by gastric acid through either physiological, or in some patients with coincident gastroesophageal reflux disease, pathologic reflux. Alternatively, alendronate tablets dissolving in acidic gastric juice in the stomach could, through physiological or pathologic reflux, reenter and damage the esophagus at acid pH. [Note: This latter possibility seems less likely because renewed attention on the proper means for taking the medication (follow medication with full glass of water and remain upright for at least one-half hour) appears to have greatly diminished the frequency of this clinical problem (personal observations).] The mechanism for the toxicity of alendronate under these conditions is unclear but Peter and colleagues showed that it was not specific to aminobisphosphonates such as alendronate or risedronate because similar injury in their model could be produced by perfusion of a non-aminobisphosphonate (tiludronate) at acid pH. Moreover, they suggested that the damage by alendronate may be due to conversion of the medication at acid pH to a more toxic form (17). Indeed alendronate exists as a monosodium salt at pH >3.5, whereas at pH <3.5 it is primarily in a free acid form that is known to be more irritating to mucosa (1, 17). The development of pill-induced esophagitis could also in some circumstances result from the potentiation between alendronate and acid such that two mildly injurious processes synergize to produce severe esophagitis.
This work was supported by a Veterans Affairs merit grant and an National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grant DK-36013. Dr. Dobrucali is supported by the Akdamar Fellowship Program in Gastroenterology.
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. Dobrucali, Istanbul Universitesi, Cerrahpasa Tip Fakultesi, Gastroenteroloji Bilim Dali, 34300 Cerrahpasa/Istanbul, Turkey (E-mail:adobrucali{at}yahoo.com).
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
April 24, 2002;10.1152/ajpgi.00014.2002
- Copyright © 2002 the American Physiological Society


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Sun, Sea and Sand
Spend Time with your Loved Ones at a 5-Star Pacific Beach Resort
Visit Panama's Pacific coast to enjoy calm waters and long stretches of sand for walks. This is one of Panama's most luxurious beach resorts, and an easy drive from Panama City. Round out your vacation by relaxing in Panama City's most sophisticated boutique hotel so you can be sure to see the Panama Canal and the capital's highlights.
*Prices reflect our best approximation of low and high season rates and are subject to change at any time. You will receive a 100% accurate price when you inquire with us. The rates listed here, are per person, double occupancy accommodation and include taxes, domestic transport, tours and hotels as described, unless otherwise indicated. Price does NOT include international airfare or optional travel insurance or any other services not expressly mentioned.
Day 1 – Arrive in Panama City and take a private ground transfer to head straight to the beach! You will be staying at the luxurious JW Marriott on Panama's Pacific coast.
Days 2 –6 – Make the most out of your stay at this 5-star resort. Enjoy several pools, the spa, luxurious grounds and a round of golf. The surrounding beaches feature black and soft gray marbelized sand that's perfect for a long walk at sunset.
Day 7 – Take a ground transfer back to Panama City; stay at the luxurious and chic Hotel Bristol for two nights.
Day 8 – Tour Panama City, including the Panama Canal! You'll enjoy a full city tour to see the capital's top sights with a knowledgable guide before you head home.
Day 9 – Take a private ground transfer to the capital's international airport.
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The Bristol Panama City
The Bristol Panama City is the place where luxurious accommodations and scrumptuous dining are blended to create top-notch quality.« View Hotel »
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Refined elegance and impeccable service combined with powder-white sand beaches and lush green vegetation, the JW Marriott is a luxurious paradise. 109 lavish guest rooms, 5 sumptuous suites and 4 spacious villas with lagoon or ocean views off...« View Hotel »
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Panama City & Canal Full Day TourThis tour is the reason why many people come to Panama. Starting at the Miraflores locks of the Panama Canal, your expert guide explains this exciting entrance from the Pacific Ocean, where you can witness one of the crossings of one of the 30+... « View Tour »
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Jasmine Puckett
Aloft Louisville Downtown
Jasmine was made for the hospitality world! Each guest that approaches Jasmine is greeted with a genuine smile and enthusiasm to answer whatever they are about to ask of her. Whether it is a dining recommendation, need for additional in-room amenities, or simple request, Jasmine finds a way to engage the guest and service them to 100% satisfaction. Her true talent comes out when a guest mentions that this is their first visit to Louisville. She immediately lights up and works with the guest to plan a first-rate itinerary for their visit. She has no favorites (unless asked) when it comes to attractions or dining experiences, but would rather hear what the guest would like to do with their time in our city. To Jasmine, anything would want to do is "possible" in Louisville! She looks forward to continuing her career in the hospitality world and sharing her passion for Louisville with each guest she meets.
Keaton Webb
Louisville Marriott Downtown
Sometimes out in the front lobby, sometimes behind the desk, Keaton is one of the first Louisvillians guests see when they arrive in Derby City. He's also one of the first voices they hear – often singing while checking them in. They might also find him at the piano, where his gift of music and passion for entertaining guests find joyful expression. Whatever the hour of day, Keaton is always happy to play for guests who'd like music at their arrival – even if it means jumping out of bed and running in to get to the piano in time. One day he met a boy who had never seen anyone play a piano. So he took him and gave him an impromptu performance, much to the boy's delight. Keaton isn't merely an entertainer; he's also a master at resolving any complaints guests may have. What makes him so effective is that he listens to the guests – not just to respond, but to understand. You can tell by his face that he sincerely cares.
Once he understands the problem, he comes up with a creative solution. So instead of remembering the concern, guests leave Louisville impressed with how it was addressed and how much they enjoyed the rest of their stay. Keaton happens to know how to tie a bowtie, and that made him a lifesaver for many Derby guests last May. He floated around in the lobby, smiling and tying bowties and sending folks off to the races with contagious cordiality. Keaton's charisma brings joy to the hotel staff. He's always quick to help wherever needed, finding ways to go above and beyond. He lightens the load for the team, and he brightens the day for everyone.
Vanessa Johannigman
Sheraton Louisville Riverside Hotel
Vanessa is a hospitality chameleon in that she adapts to fit the majority of roles in hotel operations and consistently exceeds guests' expectations. Her diligence, hard work and ability to provide memorable experiences for our guests are what makes Vanessa stand out as a star employee. Vanessa is a favorite among guests as she has taken on the roles of Front Desk Agent, Bartender, Night Auditor and Housekeeper while at the Sheraton. She has really raised her game while setting the standard high for everyone in her departments. Vanessa has done more than her fair share creating loyalty for our hotel, brand and city. She has been recognized by the corporate Starwood Preferred Guest team as an enrolling machine by increasing engagement with our most loyal guests. She is quick to suggest locations of interest, i.e. Slugger Museum, Churchill Downs, Louisville Palace, etc. and dining options from her own personal experiences. Her attention to detail and ability to visualize and think outside of the box to problem solve are what keeps our guests coming back. Vanessa is highly engaged and committed to ensuring our guests having a great experience at our property. She is truly focused on customer service and has received performance commendations for demonstrating her "guest first" mentality.
Steven Reid
Residence Inn Louisville Downtown
At the beginning of this year the Residence Inn Louisville Downtown struck gold when they hired on Steven Reid as a Guest Services Representative. He immediately showed initiative to the staff by taking it upon himself to learn all aspects of the hotel. He was eager to understand the industry and assist guests from the start. Steve creates an instant welcoming environment for each and every guest that comes in contact with him. His dedication to service and the hospitality industry in his short time with us has been inspiring. Steve is studying for a future career in theology however he treats his position at the desk with much more professionalism than simply a job to get through school. His commitment to our hotel reflects in his stellar service to the guests and contagious hard work.
Carol Thomas
Chateau Bourbon B&B
In 2015, Carol made the decision to invest in her daughter's dream of opening a bed and breakfast. Without Carol's support, Chateau Bourbon B&B, located in Norton Commons (Prospect, KY) would not have been a financial possibility. What began as a silent financial partnership in the business has blossomed into so much more. Through her culinary creativity and natural hospitably skills, Carol has provided many ideas that have enhanced the guest experience at Chateau Bourbon. In addition, she has contributed to the welcoming atmosphere of the B&B and has provided much needed relief to the primary innkeepers, Missy & John Hillock (daughter & son-in-law), when they have needed it.
Immediately upon the launch of the B&B, Carol made herself a presence with the guests, providing a warm and friendly demeanor and always thinking of extra ways to make guests feel even more welcome or pampered. Using her culinary creatively, she has developed ideas and recipes for many of our staple items including our FAMOUS bourbon truffles made with bourbon, ghiradelli chocolate, toffee, and pecans. She even developed our 1st course of our daily 3-course breakfast, which includes her recipe for a homemade bourbon granola (w/ bourbon pecans, almonds, and spices) that we serve over yogurt and top with her "drunken" cherries (bourbon & sugar-soaked cherries). There are few things in the world as delicious as this!
Laura Latorre
Louisville Marriott East
Laura Latorre is a shining example, demonstrating the best of the best! Laura is one of our most humble and inspiring employees and her accomplishments and leadership have helped us be able to proudly say we have been rated as the #1 Marriott Hotel in Guest Satisfaction for 2 straight years, out of 364 Marriott Hotels and Resorts. Every day Laura comes to work she has a smile on her face & a twinkle in her eye. She effortlessly greets her coworkers & the many guests at the hotel because she gets enjoyment from them & is tireless in making our rooms the very best. She is always polite, extends hospitality to ensure our guests are taken care of & follows up with each guest to ensure their stay is an excellent one! Laura was once a shy employee but her confidence & abilities continue to grow each day. A large part of that is due to her & her husband's efforts in bringing their children to the United States from Mexico. The couple moved here eight years ago to chase the American dream, which is now their reality. They left three beautiful children in Mexico knowing they could work to provide them a better life in the States one day. They put in many hours at multiple jobs sacrificing everything to pay the tens of thousands of dollars to have their children approved by the Mexican government to come live in the States. It took five years of hard work & dedication to fulfill this promise to their children & a prideful glow now surrounds Laura as all of her hard work paid off. Last year her daughter was recognized by her school for her scholastic efforts & was asked to give a speech to an audience of 1,000+ educational administrative leaders at Seneca High School. Laura encourages her children to take advantage of their many blessings & to strive to make a difference. We, at the Louisville Marriott East, could not be more proud of Laura & her accomplishments, which is why she was voted our Employee of the Year in 2015. Not only did she win that title on the property level, but she was also honored as the Musselman Hotels Employee of the Year, surpassing 10 other amazing nominees.
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favorite movies would have to be the Pirates of the Caribbean movies, Nightmare Before Christmas, zombieland, and plenty of others that i dont feel like listing.
music pretty much anything but rap, with a few song exceptions.
food wise pretty much anything ill try anything at least once.
2. Family
3. Video games ( keeps me from going berserk from boredom)
4. My Phone
5. my puppy thor
6. food and water :3


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Selemo 1P (vertical/lateral pod) recommenced longer term production testing on 14 February 2015. The objective of this longer term test is to gather reservoir engineering data to model the coal reservoir properties. It is anticipated that this data will lead to an increase in Tlou's significant Contingent Resource and the subsequent booking of initial reserves for the Lesedi CBM project. This data will also be utilised to plan the location of additional flanking wells for the Selemo area.
Mopani 2P (vertical well) also recommenced testing on 15 February 2015 in order to gather reservoir engineering data.
Lesedi 2P (vertical well) gas pressure continues to build. When the pressure begins to plateau, the Company plans to commence the flow testing phase. The program for testing this well is finalised and is expected to begin in approximately two weeks.
The Company will concentrate its resources in the near term on the Selemo pilot area as this area is the first to produce gas at potentially commercial rates.
Tlou Energy Limited
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For some reason, the graph that shows all my Windows events is showing far far into the future, about 6 months ahead. This compresses my graph so much that it is hard to click on the bars for the current month or week I am in! Any ideas why this is happening?
1 Reply
· · ·
May 3, 2009 at 12:10 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
I have one customer for whom this happens as well and for us internally it does not. Very strange. Happening for me on 3.6 I think.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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GAMMA Launches Performance Guarantee
Pittsburgh, PA — Gamma Sports (GAMMA) has introduced the GAMMA String Performance Guarantee, ensuring consumers in the United States that GAMMA Performance Processed and Co-polyester strings will satisfy performance expectations or GAMMA will refund the purchase price.
The GAMMA String Performance Guarantee ensures consumer satisfaction with GAMMA strings including such popular strings as the TNT2®, TNT2® Touch™, Live Wire® Professional™, Live Wire XP™, Zo™ Black Ice™, Zo™ Verve™ and many more. To see the GAMMA strings covered by the guarantee, get guarantee details and claim information, visit the GAMMA String Performance Guarantee page: GAMMASports.com/Guarantee.
If a consumer is not satisfied with the performance of their GAMMA string, they simply download a claim form from the GAMMA website, cut the string out of their racquet, and return the string to GAMMA by trackable shipment within 14 days of purchase. Once all information is verified, GAMMA will refund the purchase price of the GAMMA string and string job up to a maximum value of $50 (USD). The GAMMA String Performance Guarantee will be available in all 50 states, except where prohibited by state law.
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Documentary recorded during the tour of the THE BAMBI MOLESTERS by Brazil in Jan/2015.
One of the most important surf rocks bands of the present day did 8 shows in 11 days and recorded some Tv Shows in the bigger country of South America.
In the documentary it is possible know the band history, see the guys on the road and a little piece of different gigs in Brasil in cities like São Paulo, Piracicaba and Ilha Comprida.
Mamuteprod/Orleone Recz
There is more to this story, continue reading ...
I just discovered that somebody shot videos of the some of the seminars from the SurferJoe Festival 2014, so you can now learn everything about playing surf music directly from Dusty, Lorenzo, Dave and last but not least Mr. Paul Johnson himself. Enjoy!
Lorenzo on surf drumming (demonstrating the legendary Astronauts Beat)
Dusty Watson on Drumming
Dusty Watson and Dave Wronski on playing together
Paul Johnson on surf guitar Part1
Paul Johnson on surf guitar Part2
Dave Wronski on surf guitar
A big thank you to simoncoil for bringing this amazing video to our attention. This is Laika & The Cosmonauts, on the German TV show Absolut Live, September 15, 1997. Some of these songs ended up on their live album Laika Sex Machine. Enjoy!
Martin Cilia writes:
When I brought my band to California from Australia last year I had plans to record a film clip of Mrs Moto, from my 2013 album "Going to Kaleponi", hopefully with Paul Johnson. I ran it past him and he agreed.
We decided to film at Huntington Beach. It was the perfect day for it. We got some great footage along and under the pier and also live as part of my set. Afterwards Paul surprised me by asking if we'd like him to edit the clip. We jumped at the chance to have him do it.
Paul went above and beyond - sourcing live audio of us playing the song onstage (thanks Chrome Oxide) and some extra footage from the Purple Orchid (thanks Unsteady Freddie -- would you hire a cameraman called "unsteady"?).
We love the clip. I hope you do too.
Thanks to dp for tipping us off to this nearly 30 minute video of the Bambi Molesters. Check out the forum thread for an English translation graciously provided by Ivan.
Hello. The newest episode of ROCK'n'ROLL HIGH SCHOOL 101 is finally out! This episode is on Rockabilly music and features interviews with:
Performance footage by:
It is on Time-Warner Cable Channel 18 in the Riverside-Moreno Valley-Perris area or free on Youtube.
Tip of the hat to Sven of Bang! Mustang! for dropping this bomb on us. This is an entire Los Twang Marvels! set from a recent show in Brazil. You can skip ahead to about the 11:00 minute mark where the band takes the stage. The video and sound quality are excellent, not to mention the performance! Enjoy!
Edit: January 8, 2014. The original video is long gone, but it has resurfaced at this link!
Edit: January 13, 2015: The entire set in one video.
Thanks to MidwestSurfGuy here is a playlist of The Penetrators playing WAIF radio in 1997. Thanks so much Guy!
Here is a playlist of the fantastic Eddie & The Showmen tribute set from Winter Surf Fest 2013. The band consists of John Benton (guitar), John Blair (guitar), Dick Dodd (drums), Jim Frias (sax), Jonpaul Balak (bass), and Matt Quilter (guitar). Video by SG101 user darrenk. Thanks Darren!


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Cozy Farmhouse Printables
The Ultimate Set of Farmhouse Printables
Kitchen Butcher Printables
The Mountain View Cottage: Your place for Farmhouse inspired DIY projects as well as home decor, quilted home accents and apparel
Welcome to The Mountain View Cottage! Where I share all my favorite farmhouse inspired DIY's and decor! I'm so happy to have you here!


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Simplicity 1279; ©1944; Misses' and Women's Blouse: In Style I, revers are cut in one with the blouse front. Tie ends stitched in shoulder seams, slip under revers and fasten in a bow at the center front. The blouse is finished with a cap sleeve which laps open at the shoulder seam and is tacked back to form a V. Styles II and III button down the front, have cap sleeves and are finished with points at lower front edge. Style II has a Chinese collar and Style III features a notched collar.
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
Sources/Vendors Edit
Gallery Edit
[insert your photos of this pattern made up]
Wishlist Edit
[insert your username, and make sure your preferences allow for people to contact you via e-mail. Do not list your email address here!]


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The newspaper starts tomorrow night, and I'm now the head editor with two assistants instead of me and another co-editor for an editor-in-chief who simultaneously doubles as an ass who thinks everyone else is wrong and my roommate. School starts again Tuesday. Rent is due soon. And weirdly enough, all this isn't complaining about any of it. Instead, all this hitting me has just made me feel adult-ish. I only have a year and a half before graduation, I know a couple people who were just in college who are getting married and pregnant (in that order), and I semi should sort of come up with some sort of inkling of what to do come next May.
But by God, I won't let it get me yet.
That's part of the reason I came up with last week's list. I'm a somewhat sedentary individual by nature, but I got a glimpse of the active lifestyle while abroad, and I won't let myself forget that. So I'm going to try hard to make sure I get out and treat Chicago like a vacation - experience as much as I can, go places I haven't been, and do it with friends.
And on that note, here is this week's radio playlist. It was my first show back since early August, and it definitely showed, but all part of getting into the swing of things. I wanted this to be a longer post, but I was kind of tired after watching Steve Wiebe from "King of Kong" try to break the world record in Donkey Kong, and am running a little late to my Super Mario Bros. burlesque show.
John Legend and the Roots - Our Generation (The Hope of the World)
BOAT - We Want It! We Want It!
The Dandy Warhols - All the Money Or The Simple Life Honey
Dogs Die in Hot Cars - Lounger
Tokyo Police Club - Your English Is Good
Presidents of the United States of America - Sharpen Up Those Fangs
Neutral Milk Hotel - Holland 1945
The Asteroids Galaxy Tour - Around the Bend
CAKE - Jolene
The Apples in Stereo - Dream About The Future
Skybox - Light
The Specials - Pressure Drop
Hollerado - Juliette
Rotary Downs - Wild Pink In Super 8
Flobots - Handlebars
List update:
14: Learned to play "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" and "Fuck You" by Cee Lo Green on the ukulele (2/10)
19: Added lots of songs after a radio show (10085/18000)


text: Shirts and T-Shirts for Drummers Unique, funny and casual shirts and t-shirts for drummers.....and for wives (or girlfriends) as well! Drummer - Call Me Daddy !!! 100% Printed in the U.S.A - Ship Worldwide Select your style then click Add by cart to order! TIP: SHARE it with your friends, THIS IS WHAT AN AWESOME Drummer LOOK LIKE - LIMITED EDITION This Shirt Printed on high quality material. 100% Designed and Printed in the U.S.A. - It is a LIMITED EDITION. Not available in any stores. Available in Tees, Lady Tees and Hoodies! - 100% guarantee or your money back. - Choose Size & Click Buy It Now to insert quantity and order. Drummer T shirt Drummer tshirt. I play drums because i love banging in Public Drummer Shirt Must have shirts for every Drummer!! I Maybe Wrong But I Highly Doubt It - I Am A DRUMMER I Maybe Wrong But I Highly Doubt It - I Am A DRUMMER . **This shirt is MUST HAVE. Choose your color style and Buy it. Guaranteed safe and secure checkout via: PayPal / VISA / MASTERCARD =>>>We Ship To The Worldwide<<<= Drummer T-Shirts for Wives This girl loves her DRUMMER This girl loves her DRUMMER DRUMMERS WIFE Get this shirt and represent by wearing it proudly! Choose your color, style and Buy it now! 2015 Sleep with-Drummer 2015 Sleep with-Drummer T-Shirts For Drummers on Flipboard By Michelle Lewis | Unique, funny and casual shirts and t-shirts for drummers....and their wives (or girlfriends) too! #tshirts #drummers #teeshirts


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Booked a room with two beds to be given one, no lights worked in the main and tiny space. No hot water. Was not even greeted when we walked in carrying excessive amounts of luggage, no one offered to help with luggage . Woke up...More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"Call the hotel if you need special accomodations. They were happy to make sure we had what we needed."
"We stayed in room 202, which is towards the back of the hotel close to James Ave and on the side against 18th..."


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Register Now!
Join us for Open House on November 20! In addition to an opportunity to tour campus and residence halls and learn about admissions and financial aid, you'll also meet with faculty and current students from the Stillman School of Business. Learn how Seton Hall's outstanding reputation and academic excellence can lead you to success.


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Brisbane Tour Next Week!
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I will be in Brisbane next week from Monday, the 27th of June - Friday, the 1st of July. Please make me feel welcome by making a booking. I'd love to see you!
Luv Khaleesi Brock
Text 0410 904 443
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Yeah "baby". "Happy Nagasaki" day to you, too.
Agreed. Thoroughly bad taste. I'm sure the Japanese were a hated enemy, and I'm glad the war was ended quickly with a fraction of the lives lost than had we invaded...but, to celebrate joyfully at the incineration of tens of thousands of non-combatants is pretty disgusting. As much as I hate the hajis, even I wouldn't go dancing a jig if Baghdad got nuked. People need to have a little more respect.
1) End the war and save American lives
2) Give a signal to the Russians. Back OFF!( few people know about that one).
As to the candle light vigils, I can understand the Japanese mourning the loss of so , so many, and the necessity of that because of kanagara. Few people understand Obon in the West.
But the Western ding bat cling ons give me the creeps.I call them hearse chasers.
Necessity in war is always redefined by History, in every civilization without exception.
And now we may have to eventually do the same again in the ME. Makes one shudder to think that the Iranians have the same approach to nuclear weapons as many who posted here, necessitating eventual usage by the West.They are as crazy as the Imperial Japanese Spirit Movement mavins of WWII.Too bad we could not have bottled the Nagasaki stench and made an aerosol spray that they could sniff as a virtual reminder of the true context of what had to be done.A decision that one would not want to wish on anyone.
There is no "Happy Nagasaki Day" for anyone.


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Kenyan Train Falls Into River, Killing at Least 140
Published: January 31, 1993
DARAJANI, Kenya, Jan. 30— At least 140 people were killed today when a Kenyan passenger train crashed into a bridge and plunged into a flood-swollen river, the police and railway officials said. Hundreds more were missing or injured.
Officials said five cars of the train had been washed away by raging floods. Because a conductor pulled an emergency cord to release the third-class coaches from the rest of the train, many of the 600 passengers were saved, said Jeremiah Musuva, the chairman of Kenya Railways.
"It appears the train was forced off course by the floods, hit the bridge and crashed into the river," a rescue worker said. "Five other cars followed." Survivors May Have Fled
"Only one person has come out of the submerged coaches alive," the worker said.
The bridge, on the main rail line from the Indian Ocean resort of Mombasa to Kisumu, on Lake Victoria, had been eroded by the raging flash floods and collapsed under the weight of the train. The accident site is in uninhabited shrubland abaout halfway between Mombasa and Nairobi, the capital, and about 40 miles from Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Police Commissioner Philip Kilonzo said that many survivors might have abandoned the crash scene after the accident but that his department had no clear information. He said rescue efforts would continue for at least two days before a final death toll could be established.
The bank of the river, a tributary of the Athi, was littered with bodies retrieved by army divers and police rescue units. As police officers continued to recover bodies, other rescue workers used power saws and axes to cut through coaches. Mr. Musuva, the railways official, said a Canadian and a European were among those killed.
The train's engine shattered into pieces and was littered on the bed of the river. Witnesses said some of the railway cars had been washed at least 500 yards from the bridge. Rescue Operations Hampered
A health worker said rescue operations were hampered because information filtered to officials hours after the accident "too late to be of any use to many people." Mr. Musuva said the floods had also swept away the railway's communication system, making it difficult to report the accident.
Transport and Communications Minister Dalmas Otieno said the bridge was built in 1898 and had received very few repairs since then. The building of the Mombasa-Nairobi railway at the turn of the century opened up the Kenyan highlands to European settlement.
Today's crash is the worst since the east African nation gained independence from Britain in 1963. In 1976, at least 19 people died in a train crash residents said occurred at the same spot.
Photo: At least 140 people died when a train derailed and plunged into a river in Kenya. The train was traveling from the Indian Ocean resort of Mombasa to Kisumu on Lake Victoria with about 600 passengers. (Associated Press)


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Chennai: Neil McKenzie continued his amazing comeback to the South African side with an unbeaten century as the high-scoring first Test against India ended in a draw here on Sunday.
The 32-year-old followed his 94 in the first innings with 155 not out as South Africa piled up 331-5 in their second knock before umpires called off the match at the Chidambaram stadium.
A draw in the first game of the three-Test series was the result of a heartless pitch for the bowlers that produced 1,498 runs for just 25 wickets over the five days.
McKenzie, who was recalled to the Test squad in January after being ignored by the selectors for four years, hit 13 boundaries and a six in his fourth Test century.
He had scored 226 during a world record opening partnership of 415 with captain Graeme Smith in the previous Test against Bangladesh in Chittagong earlier this month.
McKenzie and his overnight partner Hashim Amla, who resumed at 131/1, batted through most of the morning session to dent India's chances of forcing an unlikely win.
Amla, South Africa's first innings hero with 159, survived two dropped catches to make 81 before he was dismissed five minutes before lunch.
Indian captain Anil Kumble provided the breakthrough by having Amla caught by Rahul Dravid at lone slip.
McKenzie and Amla put on 157 for the second wicket, but the hosts have themselves to blame for allowing the long partnership.
Amla was on 55 when he top-edged a sweep off Harbhajan Singh but Shanthakumaran Sreesanth could not hold the ball when running in from deep square-leg.
Amla moved to 72 when he drove seamer Rudra Pratap Singh uppishly but the bowler failed to latch on to a sharp return catch.
Jacques Kallis helped McKenzie add 54 for the third wicket on either side of lunch before Harbhajan cheered 15,000 home fans with two wickets in 11 balls midway through the afternoon session.
Kallis, who made 19, fell to a superb diving catch at square-leg by Rudra Pratap, while Ashwell Prince was held at forward short-leg by Wasim Jaffer for five.
The run feast saw South Africa pile up 540 in the first innings and India replied with 627 on the back of a brilliant 319 from Virender Sehwag and 111 by Dravid.
The second Test will be played in Ahmedabad from April 3 and the third in Kanpur from April 11.


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Seeing it reminded of the cool effects you can get with those products, so I promptly set down and did a similar page in my Stillman & Birn Delta sketchbook.
I started with Tim Holtz Distress Ink Pads - Wild Honey, Tea Dye, Spiced Marmalade, Broken China and Shabby Shutters and some foam blenders that I have. I dragged the ink pad directly on the page, and then used the foam blenders to smooth out some of the color, while leaving other areas with some of the paper color showing through.
Afterwards, I drew and colored my patterns with Distress markers in the same colors, adding Aged Mahogany and Weathered Wood. I think Aged Mahogany and Spiced Marmalade together make a cool tortoise-shell look, and the Weathered Wood is great for subtle shading.
I finished with a metallic Gold Gellyroll pen to color the jewelry settings, and used a white Sharpie Acrylic paint pen to add highlights.


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Reflective Number Label, 1, 2-1/2in H, PK25
STRANCO INC| Zoro #: G1272451| Mfr #: RUM200-1-YB
Zoro #: G1272451Mfr. Part #: RUM200-1-YB
$8.06 /pk
Orders over $50.00 ship free. DetailsStandard ground shipping
Technical Specifications
|Zoro #: G1272451 Mfr #: RUM200-1-YB
|Background Color: Black
|Character Height: 2-1/2"
|Overall Height: 2-7/8"
|Overall Width: 1-3/4"
|Color: Reflective Yellow on Black
|Material: vinyl
|Die Cut: Yes
|Standards: ASTM D 4956
|Legend Color: Yellow
|Retroreflective Grade: Engineer
|Indoor/Outdoor Usage: Indoor/Outdoor
|Character: 1
|Item: Reflective Number Label
|Character Type: Numbers
|Country of Origin (subject to change): United States
Product Description
Reflective Number Label, Character 1, Character Height 2-1/2 In., Color Reflective Yellow on Black, Material Vinyl, Overall Height 2-7/8 In., Overall Width 1-3/4 In., Standards ASTM D 4956, Package Quantity 25


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A gripping tale of fiction that explores the dark and terrifying truth about man's ability and willingness to sacrifice human's greatest asset for greed, our children. A trafficker puts forth a well-crafted series of events that will draw the moths to the flame. His victims will come to him voluntarily without realizing the danger and finality of their innocent decisions. From his villa fortress on the Pacific Ocean in Mexico, he operates an export business unlike any other.
He exports children and young women. A small country community in Texas is ripped apart and filled with fear and despair as the homicidal trafficker watches his plans of riches and revenge bear fruit at the expense of the innocent. Every parent and grandparent will shutter as they hear how easy it could be to lose their children. Every parent to be will rethink the age-old belief that they can protect their children from the predators of this world.
The cast of characters from Conchita's Eyes all return in this suspenseful story that leaves us all to wonder what really happens to the millions of children that become missing each year. Although harrowing throughout, the story is also about love and mankind's constant struggle against evil in our world.
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Allen Davis' 1st book was good, this one is great!
My wife bought the paper back. She liked it as well as I did the Audio. Combined, they fill any gaps that your imagination might miss.
This book doesn't let you relax from the start. You know that something is about to happen and there is nothing that can be done to stop it. Made me anxious from the beginning. I can't say that for most of the suspense books that I have read or listened to.
For sure! There are some terrible men in this book and he puts life into them. You can't feel their presence. Since the author brought the same characters over from Conchita's Eyes, and John Stamper narrated it too, he knows these characters well. Its convincing.d
Yes, and I did.
Left me waiting for the next book from the Author and Narrator. Hope they team up again.
- Steve M.


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Wheeler roundup: Softball team shakes Tourtellotte late; another shutout for Paride
Wheeler roundup: Softball team shakes Tourtellotte late; another shutout for Paride
NORTH STONINGTON — Wheeler High's softball team found itself still in a battle when it came to bat in the bottom of the fifth inning.
But the Lions scored three times in that frame and the way that Jenn Paride has been pitching this season a 4-0 lead is large.
Paride extended her scoreless innings streak to 36 and-1/3 innings and the Lions shut out Tourtellotte Memorial 7-0 in an ECC Small Division game Monday afternoon.
Samantha Muller and Kylie Baker had two hits and two RBIs apiece as Wheeler improved to 9-2 overall, 6-0 in the Small. Muller and Baker both singled and tripled.
Paride pitched a two-hitter. She walked one and struck out 14. Paride pitched a seven-inning no-hitter against Tourtellotte (5-8, 1-7 ECC-Small) on April 22.
Wheeler took a 1-0 lead in the fourth when Kylie Garcia was hit by a pitch with the bases loaded.
Catcher Raven Houck led off the fifth with a triple down the lef-field line. Jess Morgan was hit by a pitch and moved to second on a groundout as Houck held her ground at third. Baker then delivered both with a sold single to left. Baker came all the way around to score when the ball she hit went through the legs of the outfielder for a three-base error.
Muller hit a two-run single to left in the sixth that made it 6-0.
Paride held the Tigers hitless until a one-out bunt single in the sixth. Tourtellotte singled again one out later but but the runners were stranded at first and second.
"That was the first real good contact they made," said Wheeler coach Joe Cawley referring to the second single.
Two other Tigers reached base (walk and error) and only one of them made it as far as second base.
Wheeler's next game is at Montville on Wednesday at 4 p.m.
Going into Monday, Wheeler (5-0), St. Bernard (5-1) and Montville (5-2) were the top three teams in the Small. The top two teams automatically qualify for the ECC tournament.
Lyman Memorial .............4
Wheeler ...........................0
NORTH STONINGTON — Lyman left-hander Evan Hopkins pitched a two-hit shutout Monday as the Bulldogs improved to 7-7 overall and 4-3 in the ECC Small Division.
Hopkins walked two and struck out nine in his second start of the season against the Lions. He was on the mound when the Bulldogs won 5-2 on April 17.
Mike Dellaporta (double) and Kevin Knowles (single) had the Wheeler hits.
Lyman scored single runs in the first, third, sixth and seventh innings off Chris Munzer, who gave up nine hits in 6 and-1/3 innings. Muzner walked one and struck out four.
Wheeler (3-8, 1-5 ECC-Small) hosts Tourtellotte today at 4 p.m.
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text: Rabies is contagious disease a human can catch rabies once bitten by a wild animal. Once the disease is in the humans blood cells he can easily spread it through physical contact. This is a highly deadly disease that could affect you so i suggest you get immediate medical attention once you are infected or else you will die in under 5 days.


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777 Poker Gameplay 1 iOS / Android
777 Poker
By: Dmitry
Genre: Not set
Video Tips
Let's play 777 Poker! This is part 1 of my walkthrough guide for the iOS game, 777 Poker by Dmitry Kolichev.
I will update this post with more tips and tricks, so please bookmark this page and keep on checking in!
If you have any questions, feel free to ask for extra help in the comments section.
Hit like if this helped you!
Visit 777 Poker walkthrough page for level videos, tutorials, cheats and more.
Gameplay Questions
Questions related to gameplay of 777 Poker iPhone game.