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Minimum Wage
Is it actually Livable? By: Collin Crowel
In her book, Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich argues against the fairness of minimum wage. Some argue that Minimum Wage should be raised to as much as $15.oo an hour, while on the other side of the argument believe that there should be no minimum wage and we should allow the market to correct itself. Evidence certainly suggests that this issue has been dealt with differently by States within the United States.
It is important to note that while states can have a lower minimum wage than the Federal Government, they must follow the highest regulation
In looking at Minimum Wage's fairness it is important to take into account the varying cost of living from state to state. Below you will see a graph displaying States minimum wage (x) in relation to the cost of living (y). You will also see a trend line, and a red marker displaying the average cost of living and the federal minimum wage. There is value of "0.1396" displayed as "R²." It is a numerical value that is used to show how strong the relation of the trend line is to the data points, always occurring above zero and below 1. The low value of "0.1396" shows that there is a weak correlation between the data found, and the trend line, meaning that the relationship between Minimum Wage and Cost of Living is at best weak.
Amazingly enough Minimum Wage and Cost of Living only have a weak positive linear relationship, meaning that usually as Cost of Living increases so does Minimum Wage, however, with reference to the graph above it is apparent that some states have a higher minimum wage than what seems necessary, and some have one that is much lower, and small percentage appear to be right where they need to be.
Important background knowledge to Note:
- The state minimum wage rate requirements, or lack thereof, are controlled by legislative activities within the individual states.
- Federal minimum wage law supersedes state minimum wage laws where the federal minimum wage is greater than the state minimum wage. In those states where the state minimum wage is greater than the federal minimum wage, the state minimum wage prevails.
- There are 3 states than have a minimum wage set lower than the federal minimum wage. There are 23 states plus DC with minimum wage rates set higher than the federal minimum wage. There are 19 states that have a minimum wage requirement that is the same as the federal minimum wage requirement. The remaining 5 states do not have an established minimum wage requirement.
- The District of Columbia has the highest minimum wage at $9.50/hour. The states of Georgia and Wyoming have the lowest minimum wage ($5.15/hour) of the 45 states that have a minimum wage requirement.
- Note: There are 10 states (AZ, CO, FL, MO, MT, NV, OH, OR, VT, and WA) that have minimum wages that are linked to a consumer price index. As a result of this linkage, the minimum wages in these states are normally increased each year, generally around January 1st. The exception is Nevada which adjusts in the month of July each year. Effective January 1, 2014, 9 of the 10 states increased their respective minimum wages. The exception was Nevada.
Above is an illustration of NLIHC data, showing how many hours at federal minimum wage Americans must work to rent a one-bedroom apartment in each of the fifty states today. Obviously this shows the need for varying minimum wage per state.
In conclusion the minimum wage of the United States should be an issue addressed within State Governments, rather than federal, as the cost to live varies greatly from state to state.
"Cost of Living by State." Cost of Living by State. Top 50 States. Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.top50states.com/cost-of-living-by-state.html>.
Landy, Benjamin. "Graph: Where Can You Live on Minimum Wage? : Blog of the Century : The Century Foundation." Blog of the Century. The Century Foundation, 3 June 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://tcf.org/blog/detail/graph-where-can-you-live-on-minimum-wage>.
"Minimum Wage Laws in the States." Wage and Hour Division (WHD). United States Department of Labor, 15 Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/america.htm>.
"Minimum Wages for Tipped Employees." Wage and Hour Division (WHD). U.S. Department of Labor, 15 Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.dol.gov/whd/state/tipped.htm>.


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Terrell Owens is smarter than he often sounds, which is why, when it's all said and done, he'll be catching passes from Donovan McNabb in an Eagles uniform this fall.
But it's time for McNabb and the Eagles to be as smart as their words usually portray them to be. It's time for them to step up and acknowledge the basic truth that, like it or not, they need Owens every bit as much as he needs them. They need the guy no matter how much he drives them crazy.
The Eagles, that is, are a good football team without Owens. They can be a great team with him. And that, in the NFL, is really all there is to the formula.
We're sweeping right through the dream-free zone here. When McNabb told reporters in Philadelphia that the Eagles can reach the Super Bowl "if he [Owens] plays or not," he was no doubt attempting to buoy the spirits of the franchise while at the same time taking a swipe a professional swipe, of course; a subtle, McNabb-style swipe at the receiver whose talent is almost always outstripped by his ego, his mouth-first approach to business, and his general pain-in-the-flank existence.
It was also the grandest bunch of hooey. There's a lot to like about Andy Reid's team, but it went to the Super Bowl last season in significant measure because of Owens, who caught 1,200 yards' worth of passes and 14 touchdowns.
Without Owens, the Eagles are a solid team, a playoff team. With him, they are a conference champ and a sincere Super Bowl repeat threat and it's scary to think what they might have done had Owens not essentially limped into that championship game before catching nine passes for 122 yards. End of conversation.
The whole Owens contract situation is already another T.O. classic a player trying to tell the NFL that he didn't mean it when he signed a $49 million deal barely one year ago. Owens blamed the "bad" signing on his being in the middle of the Baltimore imbroglio, which is a rich laugh: He's the player who made it clear he would never play for the Ravens, thus initiating the scrum, even though the team had every right in the world to trade for him with the San Francisco 49ers after the high-maintenance Owens overstayed his welcome there.
Eagles owner Jeffrey Lurie promptly announced that he won't renegotiate Owens' contract, and that's fine. Just don't pretend to be offended, or amazed, by the player's posturing. The NFL is a brutally unsentimental place, and by the way, Lurie can cut Owens and his remaining contract anytime he feels like it. Let's not waste a moment in the delusion that Owens' attempt to get a better deal is some sort of cosmic first for the league.
Nope, Owens is just another unhappy rich guy, underappreciated in his thinking, now represented by noted bulldog Drew Rosenhaus and angling for extra layers of the good life. Of course, he has a go-nowhere situation he has already been publicly rebuffed by the guy writing the checks and eventually, he'll have to decide to report to camp with the Eagles or quit the sport. The contract holds all the cards.
But hold nothing against T.O. for this particular bout of mini-greed. He's an athlete trying to get his, and he's hardly the first high-profile player to attempt either to get more money or get to the team he wants or get the coach fired or whatever. Owens is a fair representative of the current state of things, for better and (a whole bunch of the time) for worse.
That's off the field. On it, he is the best receiver the Eagles have, arguably the best receiver in his conference. He's the player around whom opposing defensive coordinators have to draw and re-draw entire schemes. McNabb is the engine of the Philly offense, absolutely. But this is no time to be marking talent lines in the sand. McNabb is less without Owens. And Owens is less without McNabb.
Because the Eagles, under Reid, have appeared to be such an inherently reasonable bunch, the most likely result here is for everyone to go back to work and wait for Owens to reach the same conclusion they have reached. McNabb ought to be lauded for not going after Owens more openly, especially after T.O. classically flapped his gums and tried to pin part of the Super Bowl loss to New England on the notion that McNabb at one point was too ill in the fourth quarter to even call a play.
In fact, it was McNabb who said of Owens this week, "The sky is the limit of how far we can really go with having a guy like T.O., not only for me, but for this team."
He's right, and that isn't going to change. As the great Jay Mohr once said in a classic movie line, "This isn't show friends, it's show business." Owens, given time, has a decent chance of coming back to the reality that he is a great fit with the Philadelphia Eagles. No time like the present for the Eagles to acknowledge that very same thing.
Mark Kreidler is a columnist for the Sacramento Bee and a regular contributor to ESPN.com. Reach him at email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mosman Oil and Gas Limited declares an update on the proposed acquisition of the South Taranaki Energy Project in New Zealand from Origin Energy Limited and on operations at Murchison.
In relation to the STEP Acquisition, the Board has determined that while STEP remains a good asset with long term development potential, the STEP Acquisition no longer meets Mosman's investment criteria at current oil and gas prices and the Sale and Purchase Agreement has been cancelled.
Origin has agreed to repay the deposit of NZD500,000 which will be transferred back to Mosman shortly. The joint venture arrangement with High Peak Royalties Limited will be terminated; and the Ridge Royalty Limited royalty agreement will not proceed.
Mosman Oil and Gas Limited,
Origin Energy
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This program will show you in detail how to use your articles and content to gain higher search engine placement, draw targeted traffic to your Web site, and grow your mailing list. Then, leverage these contacts to generate bookings, consulting assignments, and further exposure. Learn from Philippa's latest insights and practical take-home techniques as she reveals the inside secrets of her #1 marketing strategy.
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"Maximize your web site"
Expert Philippa Gamse talks likity-split in a Brit accent about how to increase traffic to your web site. This topic is quickly out of date, so she updates the information with numerous articles on her web site. They are free to download and free to share with others. An excellent resource.
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Have you ever found yourself in a position to have the means to help our your parents and you loan them money? More importantly, did you and your mom and dad discuss if this is a loan or a good natured, give them money and don't expect it paid back?
The real dilemma is how the money was loaned, the circumstances surrounding it and if it was made clear what happens to the money.
Plenty of kids have the means to loan money, finding themselves with extra cash in a savings account for instance and wanting to be the good son or the stand up daughter and help out their parents, the people who put you up for the first 18 or so years of your life.
That mindset is admirable, but if you're about to loan money to your mom and dad for bills, medical expenses or if they're short on cash, you need to set a clear expectation for that you want in return, if anything.
This may, in fact, be a good natured gesture of simply handing over money and wanting nothing in return. Often times, parents might feel sheepish about borrowing from their kids and you get a "I'll pay you back" in return. Those words can be rather hollow as a son or daughter, particularly if you know your parents don't have the money and you don't expect they will any time soon.
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- Mount Sion
- geographical name see Zion II, 2
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
Mount Sion — may refer to any of the following: Alternate spelling of Mount Zion Alternate name for Mount Hermon Mount Sion GAA, Gaelic Athletic Association club in Waterford, Republic of Ireland Mount Sion Primary School, primary school in Waterford,… … Wikipedia
Mount Sion GAA — Mount Sion Cnoc Sion Founded: 1932 County: Waterford … Wikipedia
Mount Sion Primary School — Education for Life Location Waterford, Republic of Ireland Information School type … Wikipedia
Burchard of Mount Sion — Burchard of Mount Sion, or Burchard de Mont Sion, also wrongly called Brocard or Bocard, was a German Dominican who travelled to the Middle East at the end of the 13th century.He was in Palestine for 10 years between 1274 to 1284. He then visited … Wikipedia
Mount Hermon — This article is about the mountain in the Middle East. For other uses, see Mount Hermon (disambiguation). Hermon redirects here. For other uses, see Hermon (disambiguation). Mount Hermon Har Hermon Jabal ash Shaykh … Wikipedia
Sion — may refer to:* A transliteration of ZionIn geography: *Sion, Switzerland, the capital of the canton of Valais *Sion, Gers, a municipality in France *Sion, India, a suburb of Mumbai *Sion, Netherlands, part of Rijswijk in South Holland *Sion,… … Wikipedia
Sion, Mumbai — Sion (Marathi: शीव) is a suburb of Mumbai.In 1543, the Portuguese took possession of the islands of Bombay by force. The Portuguese gave the Jesuit priests the sole ownership of some of these islands. The Jesuits built a Chapel on the hill (near… … Wikipedia
Mount Zion Cemetery, Jerusalem — בית הקברות הפרוטסטנטי בהר ציון Mount Zion Cemetery Zionsfriedhof Details Year established 1848 Country Israel Location Aravna haYevusi No. 3, Mount Zion, Jerusalem (access through Jerusalem University College campus) Coordinates … Wikipedia
Mount Carmel High School (Varroville) — For other schools with the same name, see Mount Carmel High School (disambiguation). Mount Carmel Catholic High School The School Emblem Ite In Veritate (Latin for Walk in Truth) Location Varroville … Wikipedia
Mount Zion Award — Der Mount Zion Award wird jedes zweite Jahr am 28. Oktober von der Mount Zion Foundation (mit Sitz am Institut für Jüdisch Christliche Forschung (IJCF) in Luzern) und der Benediktinerabtei Hagia Maria Sion in Jerusalem verliehen. Die 1986 von… … Deutsch Wikipedia


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Auctioning Off Bottle Rocket Artwork for the North Texas Food Bank
What you see above is an early cover sketch for the Criterion Collection Bottle Rocket DVD about which we've written, oh, just a little in recent weeks. Like all of the artwork featured on the disc and throughout its accompanying booklet, it was done by Ian Dingman, and it measures 4 inches by 8 inches -- and features, of course, Owen Wilson, Luke Wilson and Bob Musgrave. And, in the spirit of the holiday season, Dingman is generously allowing Unfair Park to auction off the original work in order to raise some dough for the North Texas Food Bank.
We've opted to allow Friends of Unfair Park -- and anyone else interested -- to bid directly in the comments section, where you will have to leave your e-mail address for the bid to be considered valid. The bidding -- which opens at $50 -- will be open till noon Friday, after which we notify the winner. Should that person not show up at Unfair Park HQ by 3 p.m. Friday, the art will go to the next-highest bidder. So, a request: Play only if you intend to pay, as Dingman's a good guy making this available for a good cause. Thanks in advance, as everybody wins this Christmas. I will post a reminder every afternoon 'round noon till the auction's over. --Robert Wilonsky
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text: About Citrus fruitsEdit The category Citrus Fruits is included in category Fruits List of Citrus fruits Edit Bergamot Blood orange Buddha's hand citron Citron Grapefruit Kaffir lime Kalamansi Key lime Kumquat Lemon Lime Limequat Mandarin orange Meyer lemon Orange Pomelo Rangpur lime Tangelo Ugli fruit Retrieved from "http://recipes.wikia.com/wiki/Citrus_fruit?oldid=538429" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Citrus fruit Add category Cancel Save


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Author Tags: Outdoors, Publishing, Transportation
Born in Toronto in December of 1948, former geologist and CPR locomotive engineer John F. Garden was raised in Calgary (1949-1974) and educated at the University of Calgary. While based in Revelstoke, he retired from the CPR and formed Footprint Publishing in 1984. After preparing two lavish coffee table books, The Selkirks and The Bugaboos, his third mountain book was The Guiding Spirit by American mountaineers Andrew Kauffman and William Putnam. It's about 36 Swiss mountain guides hired by the CPR to help open the Rockies and Selkirks for tourism, most notably Edward Fenz Jr. John Garden also wrote and published The Palliser Triangle: A Tale of the Canadian Grasslands (Footprint Publishing), and another coffee table book called British Columbia Rail: From PGE to BC Rail (Footprint, 1995).
Perhaps his most important books are two representations of the work of CPR photographer Nicholas Morant. First published in 1992, his Nicholas Morant's Canadian Pacific was into its fourth printing by 1999. The year before he released Nicholas Morant's Canada. The Crow and the Kettle: The CPR in Southern British Columbia and Alberta, 1950-1989 (2005) looks at the modern era of the famous rail line that ran from Medicine Hat to a switch on the CPR mainline at Odlum, then across the Fraser River from Hope. Built by way of the Crowsnest Pass, Kettle Valley and the Coquihalla Pass, the all-Canada route was designed to thwart American interests in southern B.C. It crossed three major rivers and seven mountain summits.
Review of the author's work by BC Studies:
Nicholas Morant's Canadian Pacific
The Selkirks: Nelson's Mountains (Footprint, 1984)
The Bugaboos: An Alpine History (Footprint, 1987)
Nicholas Morant's Canadian Pacific (Footprint, 1992)
British Columbia Railway: From PGE to BC Rail (Footprint, 1995)
Nicholas Morant's Canada (Footprint, 1998)
The Palliser Triangle: A Tale of the Canadian Grasslands (Footprint)
The Crow and the Kettle: The CPR in Southern British Columbia and Alberta, 1950-1989 (Footprint, 2005)
[BCBW 2006] "Outdoors" "Publishing" "Transportation"
Nicholas Morants Canada (Footprint $69.95)
In 1991, a Revelstoke railway employee named John Garden produced Nicholas Morants Canadian Pacific, a lavish tribute to the picture-perfect railway images Morant made for his long-time employer, the CPR.
Gardens second volume of Morants public relations work, Nicholas Morants Canada (Footprint $69.95), portrays other facets of the CP conglomerate. For anyone with a critical eye, its a beautiful and unsettling book.
Whereas the Soviet Union encouraged propagandist art called socialist realism, corporate North America has generated idealizations called advertising. Penticton-born Nicholas Morant was one of the foremost and prolific artisans of the latter genre.
At once a perfectionist and a trickster, Morant is possibly this countrys most seen and most widely published artist. His frequently staged photographs were seen around the world and some were the basis for Canadian stamps and bills.
Gardens chronological text steers clear of these ideas. Given permission to reproduce pictures from Morants private collection, as well as Morants memoirs, Garden has mainly extolled the virtues of his subjects character and work. This approach mirrors the astonishing perfection of Nicholas Morants superbly crafted pictures.
Nicholas Morant, the first child of impoverished English gentry, was born in Penticton in 1910. He grew up on a fruit farm. His parents sacrificed to send him to University Military School, now known as University St. Michaels, in Victoria.
With few prospects, Morant was fortunate to land a $90 a month job with the CPRs public relations department in 1929. Morant was hired due to the intervention of a school chum, Jim Coleman (the venerable sportswriter), whose father was vice-president of the CPR in western Canada.
Moonlighting as a freelance photographer for both Winnipeg dailies, Morant lived in a small downtown hotel, the St. Regis, where he developed his pictures under the shoe shine stand. Morant used a homemade enlarger and washed his film in the mens room next to the beer parlour.
To get scoops around town, he paid taxi drivers and two ladies of the night as tipsters. The famous editor of the Winnipeg Free Press, J.W. Dafoe, first appreciated his talent. After a brief departure from the CPR, Morant was hired back as the Special Photographer.
For the rest of Morants adult life, excluding a stint serving the war effort as a photographer on loan to the government, Morant mostly produced splendid portrayals of the Canadian landscape, industrial progress and tourist destinations. Mauled by a grizzly attack in 1939, he recovered and was assigned by the Canadian government to photograph the construction of the Alaska Highway in 1942.
Morants photo of the faked assembly of a Canadian artillery piece, as supposedly unveiled by Minister of National Defence C.D. Howe, was the basis for Canadas 50-cent stamp.
Morant and his wife, who doubled as his assistant, presented countless slide shows with music called A Talk Without Words. Later Morant assisted with several Hollywood film productions involving CPR trains, most notably Silver Streak, Superman II and Days of Heaven.
During his 50-year career he served under nine different CPR presidents. In 1990, following the death of his first wife, Nicholas Morant remarried. That same year he became only the second photographer, after Yousuf Karsh, to be invested as a Member of the Order of Canada.
Nicholas Morant now lives in Banff, afflicted with Alzheimers. Thanks to John Garden, his thousands of pictures will not be forgotten. It is Gardens fifth coffee table book since he founded Footprint Publishing in 1984. 0-9691621-6-2p


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Author has written 1 story for Phantom Stallion.
Hi, my name is Grace and I'm pretty new to fanfiction.net so please don't judge me too harshly!! I love horses; they are my number one passion in life. I live in the western United States and I love my life.
About me:
-Favorite tack brand: Wrangler/Ariat
-Favorite color on a horse: I love bays and whites (but I love all horses)
-Favorite song: I like Rascal Flatts, Jason Aldean, Lady Antebellum and a lot of other country music
-Working on becoming a better Christian :)


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Pulsatilla vulgaris / Pasque flower 8 DH
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Indication HoméoRub (SPIRODRINE)
Homeopathic medicine traditionally used to treat occasional minor coughs and colds.
HoméoRub of dosage (SPIRODRINE) and application advice
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Granules. Box of 1 tube of 80 granules.
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MEDICATION AUTHORIZED No. 34009 395 958 July 8
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ok so I dont have anyone to vent to. If you dont want to hear vent then ignore. Really used to being ignored......sigh.... so here goes......so I have 3 brothers 1 older 2 younger..... so I found out in may I was going to be a aunt in july that is 2 MONTHS before the baby was born then he was born. The parents I am . Sorry to say should never shoukd have been parents.... my brother who is the third born ( I am second) is 27 going on 14. They were never ready to be parents.... they knew back in oct that they were going to have a baby.... he never got a job...... ok so baby is 3 months old now and he Still doesnt have a job. They wont let the baby sleep during the day because Her mom said he wont sleep at night...( this is been since since baby was born) errrrr then I found out My older brother had a baby also on the same day I found out..... no one told me......I am only girl.... my mom paid for my older bros wedding I never even got a rehearsal dinner for mine.... my mother doesnt even interact with my son..... she just sits on her bum when she comes over... she doesnt take pi tures of him at all untill I have to say something... she said she feels weird taking pics of her grandson....errrr Then there is my husbabd mom who only had 1 child.... she takes a ton of pics of my son..... so going back to her son( my hubby) for 35 years my husband has to have a pic with santa.... every year... my husband is 35 ...... the first year we were married she still had to have pic with santa I WAS NOT INCLUDED!!!! Also when I was prego was not included....we had a party tonight and she wanted pics of her boys ( kids she babysat, her son and grandson.... and frie d of the babysat kids... all inteens or oldee except my son who is 2) I was not included again.... so to sum it up both my mother and husband mom are the all about THEIR Boys screw the daughter or daughter in law...errr sorry ladies... you can ignore now...sigh
because I think that you are very strong. I am a attention freak when it comes to my husband and we had problems because he was a mommy's boy. She served him hand and foot daily, Ito remind him sometimes that he has two hands and two feet to go get it himself. Granted I enjoy my roll as a woman but at times when one is a bit busy gosh he can get himself a soda from the fridge or a put a noodle cup in the microwave. we fought a lot but finally with love and talking through understanding of how he made me feel I believe helped. So I feel perhaps if you really love him then take him alone as a couple and talk seriously with him. My husband tells me that family is family but what we do as a couple is our business and between us. If that grandma doesn't want anything to do with that beautiful baby well then I would start doing things with my baby and myself for us and just don't worry about them that is your beautiful baby . I am not saying to be mean but start doing your own thing and be just as nice as you can . They will come around soon. And Marcie I have always been here just look for me , I am a good listener because family problems believe I have them too everyday with his family they do not like me for nothing.


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France vs Romania
UEFA EURO Group stage
Saturday, 11 June, 12:30 AM
Stade de France
Lloris; Sagna, Rami, Koscielny, Evra; Pogba, Kanté, Matuidi; Griezmann, Giroud, Payet
Tatarusanu; Sapunaru, Moti, Grigore, Rat; Pintilii, Hoban; Popa, Stanciu, Stancu; Andone
With Fiorentina goalkeeper Ciprian Tatarusanu, and defenders Vlad Chiriches and Razvan Rat, of Napoli and Rayo Vallecano respectively, the 66-year-old mentor had prepared what is considered as one of the stingiest defenses in this summer's competitions. It would be interesting to see how it will hold against an offensive dynamo like France.
Super Prediction:
France will be the Winner
Important Note Must Read:
(This prediction is only for football lover who wanna get the football Info, not for gambling, betting or any other illegal activities.We will not responsible for any consequence. Thanks for supporting us.)


text:
Emergency Back-end Registry Operator
Note: The English language version of all content and documents in this section is the official version. Translations in other languages are for informational purposes only.
3 May 2017 – Emergency Registry Operator Transition Simulation Completed
ICANN conducted a test of the Emergency Back-End Registry Operator program. Simulating an emergency registry operator transition provides valuable insight into the effectiveness of procedures for addressing potential gTLD service interruptions. Lessons learned are used to support ICANN's efforts to ensure the security, stability and resiliency of the Internet and the Domain Name System.
More Emergency Back-End Registry Operator information can be found here.
The establishment of Emergency Back-End Registry Operators, or EBEROs, are an important innovation of the New gTLD Program. The EBERO program mitigates risks to the stability and security of the Domain Name System in the event of New gTLD operator failure.
Emergency back-end registry operators are temporarily activated if a TLD registry operator is at risk of failing to sustain any of the five critical registry functions. These functions are:
- DNS resolution for registered domain names
- Operation of Shared Registration System
- Operation of Registration Data Directory Services (e.g., Whois)
- Registry data escrow deposits
- Maintenance of a properly signed zone in accordance with DNSSEC requirements
EBEROs are limited in the services they can provide. For example, EBEROs will not provide any additional services that a TLD operator may have offered its customers, such as web hosting or network analytics.
The currently contracted organizations meet stringent technical requirements and have demonstrated years of experience in operating domain name services, registration data directory services and extensible provisioning protocol services. They are:
- China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
- CORE Association (CORE Internet Council of Registrars)
- Nominet
ICANN is responsible for declaring an event requiring EBERO emergency services and coordinating all emergency response activities.
More Information
EBERO Provider Signed Agreements
- China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) [PDF, 1.04 MB]
- CORE Association (CORE Internet Council of Registrars) [PDF, 1.02 MB]
- Nominet [PDF, 905 KB]


text: STUNNING home with DOUBLE LENGTH garage. 29FT OPEN PLAN kitchen/dining area with HIGH LEVEL OVEN, separate hob plus INTEGRATED APPLIANCES. Separate UTILITY and GROUND FLOOR STUDY. EN SUITE to bedroom 1 and 2.FRENCH DOORS to the rear garden Please note: The virtual tour and images shown are of a typical Bovis Home and may not be the exact property advertised.


text:
March 29, 2017
Preparing for a few days journey by ship. Books to bring.
A shipwreck! Anthony of Times Flow Stemmed made me reconsider my priority reading list drafted a lifetime ago (on the first year of this blog). What my desert reading looks like I leave to a combination of fortuitous circumstances.
Inter Ice Age 4 – Kobo Abé
The Writing on the Wall – Miklós Bánffy
Frost – Thomas Bernhard
Selected Non-Fictions – Jorge Luis Borges
Hydriotaphia and The Garden of Cyrus – Sir Thomas Browne
Sakhalin Island – Anton Chekhov
Scenes from Provincial Life – J. M. Coetzee
The Last Samurai – Helen DeWitt
The Lover – Marguerite Duras
The Maias – Eça de Queirós
Visitation – Jenny Erpenbeck
The Siege of Krishnapur – J. G. Farrell
Mysteries – Knut Hamsun
Amerika – Franz Kafka
A Time for Everything – Karl O. Knausgaard
Satantango – László Krasznahorkai
Nada – Carmen Laforet
Women in Love – D. H. Lawrence
Payback – Gert Ledig
Joseph and His Brothers – Thomas Mann
Wittgenstein's Mistress – David Markson
Oleza – Gabriel Miró
The Sea of Fertility – Yukio Mishima
The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne – Brian Moore
The Man Without Qualities – Robert Musil
The Adventures and Misadventures of Maqroll – Álvaro Mutis
But for the Lovers – Wilfrido S. Nolledo
Hygiene and the Assassin – Amélie Nothomb
At Swim-Two-Birds – Flann O'Brien
The Book of Disquiet – Fernando Pessoa
The Gray Notebook – Josep Pla
The History of the Siege of Lisbon – José Saramago
Silent Catastrophes – W. G. Sebald
The Case of Comrade Tulayev – Victor Serge
And Then – Natsume Sōseki
Indian Summer – Adalbert Stifter
Toddler-Hunting and Other Stories – Kōno Taeko
Petals of Blood – Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
Territory of Light – Yūko Tsushima
Poemas Humanos – César Vallejo
The Aesthetics of Resistance, vol. 1 – Peter Weiss
The Vivisector – Patrick White
The Waves – Virginia Woolf
Posted by Rise at 10:53 PM 10 comments Links to this post
Labels: reading list
February 25, 2017
Joaquín's navels and tales
My wing is ready to fly
I would rather turn back
For had I stayed mortal time
I would have had little luck.
– Gerhard Scholem, "Angelic Greetings"
The Woman Who Had Two Navels and Tales of the Tropical Gothic. Quite a mouthful title for an anthology. I am happy to finally see Filipino novelist Nick Joaquín being made available to a wider audience via the Penguin Classics edition. Coming in April are some of his "tropical gothic" narratives in his famous tropical baroque prose. Apparently, the selections include his several stories and a play from 1940 to 1965. At 480 pages the edition is bound to be a fulsome, moveable feast. In stories like "Three Generations" (1940), "The Summer Solstice" (1947), and "May Day Eve" (1947), Joaquín made a name for himself as a preeminent postwar Filipino writer who displayed a unique approach to storytelling. He fused elements of magic, horror, folk-lore, myth-making, and history into a blend that was entirely unique and alive. I included The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1952) in a reading list of the best Philippine novels in the English language of the past century. The novel is an expanded version of a story of the same title. I do hope that the version included in the Penguin edition was the full novel instead of the origin story so that one would get the full shock value of its mannered telling.
Joaquín dabbled in various genre of writing: drama, novel, short prose, the essay, historical writing, politics and journalism, children's stories, news writing, literary criticism, translation of poems and newspaper columns from Spanish, cultural commentary, biography. In each genre, he used a cosmopolitan approach to writing, balancing wit with drama and sprinkling his prose with some ornate details, some whimsies and whimsical revelations, some occult and mysticism, as in his second novel Cave and Shadows (1983). The inclusion of his famous play A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1966) in the Penguin anthology was an inspired decision. The three-act "elegy", which the playwright also labeled as "a novel in the form of a play", was a distillation of his romantic ideas on Spanish Filipino culture, its struggle against modernity and war, symbolized by the protagonists—two spinster sisters—and their tenacious hold on a highly symbolic picture painted by their disillusioned father and inspired by Greek mythology. A Portrait was the writer's statement about art and its role in restoring ceremonial traditions, art and its fragility against the savage wars of peace. The writer was much concerned about the inability of culture (Spanish Filipino customs and ceremonies) to adapt to encroaching lawlessness and to reconcile the history of the past with the chaos of the present. Much like Walter Benjamin's "Angel of History" in On the Concept of History (Thesis IX), after Paul Klee's Angelus Novus (1920), Joaquín's elegiac source spring was looking back at the past with the foreknowledge that the future storm would bring ruin to memory. The play was adapted into a classic 1965 black-and-white film and a modern Filipino musical. In commemoration of the writer's centenary of birth this year, a new musical adaptation will be shown in theaters in the country.
February 21, 2017
Bernhard's cause
"An Indication of the Cause" (Die Ursache, 1975) by Thomas Bernhard, in Gathering Evidence: A Memoir, translated by David McLintock, collected in Gathering Evidence and My Prizes (Vintage, 2011)
I found the city increasingly intolerable as a result of hundreds of sad, squalid, appalling, and mortifying experiences, and essentially it has remained intolerable to this day. To pretend otherwise would be untrue, hypocritical, and dishonest, and it is imperative that I should set down this record now and not later—I must set it down now, while I am still capable of fully recreating my experience as a child and an adolescent in Salzburg, of recreating it with all the factualness and scrupulous regard for truth which are necessary if I am to give a true indication of what it was like to be a schoolboy there. I have to seize this moment when it is still possible for me to say what has to be said, to indicate what has to be indicated, and so vindicate, if only partially, the truth as it was then, the true facts and the true reality. For all too soon the time may come when everything that was unpleasant will be unwarrantably mitigated and appear in a pleasanter light; and whatever Salzburg was to me as a schoolboy, it was never a pleasant or tolerable place, and I should not wish to spare it now by falsifying the true picture.
Thomas Bernhard's motive for his autobiography was clear. When his mental faculties were still clear, and his health still permitted it, he wanted to produce an account of his childhood and schooldays in the blighted city of Salzburg. And so, between the years 1975 and 1982, Bernhard produced the five parts of his memoir. His novels, too, are practically the same hate mail to his city of childhood, with its "mindless blend of National Socialism and Catholicism." W. G. Sebald attributed Bernhard's "factualness and scrupulous regard for truth" to the impending knock on the door, as he mentioned in an interview in December 2001, eight days before he himself received the knock.
Thomas Bernhard was in quite a different league because he occupied a position which was absolute. Which had to do with the fact that he was mortally ill since late adolescence and knew that any day the knock could come at the door. And so he took the liberty which other writers shied away from taking. And what he achieved, I think, was also to move away from the standard pattern of the standard novel. He only tells you in his books what he heard from others.
Much more so in Gathering Evidence, the novelist was openly testifying using his own voice, or voices—the voice of his childhood and the retrospective voice of the writer—the horrific experiences he endured firsthand before, during, and after the war. While remembering-slash-writing, his current self was trying to recapture the wounded feelings of his former, thirteen-year old self. Yet he would like to differentiate his description of "how I felt at the time" with "the way I think now". The bursting energy of his tale was derived in part from layers of memory soaked in varying densities of perception. He would shift pronouns from "I" to "he" on page 79, then go back to "I" on page 83. David McLintock also noted his use of shifting perspective in the translator's preface: sometimes he views his youth from the standpoint of the present, at others from another intermediate point.
His appeal to "the true facts and the true reality", however, remained guarded. He knew his story was not distorted because they were based on factual evidence, but he could only give an indication of what he remembers.
The facts are always frightening, and in all of us fear of the facts is constantly at work, constantly being fuelled; but this morbid fear must not lead us to conceal the facts and so to falsify the whole of human history—which is of course part of natural history—and pass it on in falsified form just because it is customary to do so, when we know that all history is falsified and always transmitted in falsified form.
From which we can gather that the writer had divested himself of all illusions of an accurate account of history. And from which we sense that his only protection from falsification was to perceive and create a version of history to the best of his memory and to the best of his ability. He simply had to make the attempt. Here we read about his recollection of multiple suicides of school boys his age and the air attacks skirted by Sebald in his lecture in On the Natural History of Destruction. Bernhard's descriptions of the air raids and their aftermath were some of the most brilliant writing he wrote. They could surpass the supreme irony in Heinrich Böll's accounts of air bombing destruction in The Silent Angel.
Bernhard's aesthetics of falsification was similar to Sebald's own, but only to an extent. Sebald was concerned with the truth (moral rightness) embedded in aesthetic form and feeling. The rightness and truthfulness of a narrative could be gleaned from its aesthetic and literary design. Bernhard, for his part, was concerned with the content and the desire (i.e., personal indications) to communicate the truth of that content. Both confessed to subjectivity. Bernhard acknowledged the impossibility of depicting the absolute reality of the past and, hence, its truth. But in refusing to give up and stand aside, in continuing to write what he knew and remember in order to set the record straight according to his own personal convictions, he was after the truth or an indicative version of it.
What is described here is the truth, and yet at the same time it is not the truth, because it cannot be. In all the years we have spent reading, we have never encountered a single truth, even if again and again what we have read has been factual. Again and again it was lies in the form of truth and truth in the form of lies, etc. What matters is whether we want to lie or to tell and write the truth, even though it never can be the truth and never is the truth. Throughout my life I have always wanted to tell the truth, even though I now know that it was all a lie. In the end all that matters is the truth-content of the lie. For a long time reason has forbidden me to tell and write the truth, because that only means telling and writing a lie; but writing is a vital necessity for me, and this is the reason why I write, even if everything I write is bound to be nothing but lies which are conveyed through me as truth. Of course we may demand truth, but if we are honest with ourselves we know that there is no such thing as truth. What is described here is the truth, and at the same time it is not, for the simple reason that truth is only a pious wish on our part. [from "The Cellar: An Escape", italics in the original, bold emphasis mine]
The immediacy and the urgency of Bernhard's account of the war must be set off against what Sebald diagnosed as a collective repression of wartime narratives and against the self-censorship by leading writers of the time who could not summon their energies to give witness. "Time makes its witnesses forget", Bernhard concluded when nobody remembered what happened on a site of destruction after he questioned them years after the bombing of a building on the same site which killed many employees working in it: "rows of bodies covered by sheets, their bare feet visible on the dusty grass behind the iron railings of the so-called Co-op, and ... trucks arriving ... with enormous consignments of coffins ..." Sebald's thesis on forgetting certainly was indebted to Bernhard's anguish against people who deliberately wanted to forget. Whenever Bernhard talked to people and asked them about what they went through during the war, he was met with "extreme annoyance, ignorance, and forgetfulness." He found this offensive to the spirit, this concerted determination to forget. His desire to remember was his "pious wish" to settle his personal account of history.
The cat in the box was simultaneously dead and alive. But someone, the novelist, had to dare to be the first one to open the box. All that matters is the truth-content of the lie.
February 18, 2017
Bernhard's escape
"The Cellar: An Escape" (Der Keller, 1976) by Thomas Bernhard, in Gathering Evidence: A Memoir, translated by David McLintock, collected in Gathering Evidence and My Prizes (Vintage, 2011)
[The work of a commercial apprentice] does not consist solely of the orderly routine of a grocery store like the cellar-shop in the Scherzhauserfeld Project: first of all unlocking and pushing back the concertina grille, then unlocking the shop door and letting the boss, the employees, and the customers into the shop, in which everything had been made spotless and all the containers topped up the previous evening, often by dint of hours of work put in after closing time—all of it involving the meticulous performance of numerous small tasks requiring conscientious devotion and a methodical, mathematically inclined memory. These jobs and hundreds of others equally important have to be carried out daily. In my day there was in addition the enormous task of dealing with the ration coupons, which required great precision and attention to detail; these had to be cut out whenever a purchase was made and stuck onto a sheet of wrapping paper every evening after the shop closed. Quite apart from continually lugging bags around and filling bottles and grading potatoes and sorting fruit and vegetables and making up bags of coffee and tea and slicing butter and cheese; quite apart from the feats of skill required to pour vinegar and oil and every other possible liquid such as rum and wine and fruit juice into every possible kind of bottle, all with impossibly narrow necks; quite apart from having to be constantly on the look-out for mould and decay, for vermin, for excessive cold and excessive warmth; quite apart from perpetually unloading all kinds of deliveries, sometimes making hundreds of journeys a day from the shop to the storeroom and back, cutting bread and making breadcrumbs, keeping the ham fresh and the eggs cool; quite apart from dusting the shelves daily and rushing to and fro between the refrigerator and the counter, between the potato boxes and the counter and between each of the shelves and the counter; apart from continually washing and drying one's hands and using knives that have to be sharpened every day and forks and spoons that have to be cleaned every day and jars that have to be washed out every day; and apart from cleaning the windows and mopping the floor and waging a continual war against flies and gnats and horseflies and wasps and cobwebs on the walls—quite apart from all this, the most vital requirement was never to slacken in one's attentiveness to the customers, always to be polite and friendly and obliging and to engage them in conversation, constantly keeping oneself in practice, in a word to satisfy them all the time and never, not even for a moment, to let up in one's eagerness to help: on the one hand to meet the wishes of the customers and at the same time never for a moment to neglect the interests of the business. Tidiness and cleanliness were imperative.
When he was 16 years old, Thomas Bernhard applied for a shopkeeper apprenticeship in Scherzhauserfeld Project, a notorious neighborhood of the poor and criminals, to cater to the needs of the "dregs of humanity". It was an about-face from his being a grammar school student. Fed up with the abuse of his schoolteachers and the "deadly institution" that was the educational system of Austria during the Nazi period—a system to blame for the suicide of many sensitive young students in boarding houses, fed up with the "educational trauma" he suffered from his schoolteachers, the teenage Bernhard just up and decided to become a grocer's assistant in one of the bleakest neighborhoods imaginable. But for Bernhard, this was all for the best. He felt he had graduated from "the school of philosophy" introduced to him at a very young age by his grandfather and had now entered "the school of absolute reality" wherein Herr Podlaha, the grocer, was his master and mentor on the practical aspects of life and "the art of human relations". In the cellar store, dealing every day with the demands of the common people, he had become adept at his work as an apprentice, and he had discovered that he had the capacity to become a people person. To his own surprise, he never realized he could adjust well to his job and even go through work with such infectious cheerfulness (cheerful Bernhard?!) and friendliness to customers (in a "most refreshingly extrovert fashion"!). Freedom, independence, and the exercise of free will—these were the things he most valued and the things he had acquired from his experiences in the cellar. His escape from the grammar school, his daily escape from his own impoverished and cramped household, his escape from the larger Salzburg society, from the immediate post-war malaise, an age he characterized as "inimical to the mind and the imagination." He made a dash for it, in a completely "opposite direction" from his school, and he felt exhilarated by this sudden decision. His stay in the cellar was such a formative phase in his life he had devoted a volume (the third of five chronological volumes in translation, the second in terms of publication in original German) of his collected memoirs recounting his work and trials in the cellar-shop. For his apprentice work he still had to attend a technical college once a week. This time he appreciated the instruction given by teachers who were actually local businessmen. As opposed to teachers in grammar school, the new teachers had "total concern with the present" and familiar "with what went on around them in the real world." These people of trade, having fought on the economic front, taught only what was practical, stuff of "immediate utility", in a straightforward, if rough, tone. As evident from the excerpt above, his recollection of the details of his apprenticeship showed how he loved and took pride in his work. This was a great period of learning for him. It was an apprenticeship on life. He had found something to do—a purpose—during the post-war years, "the bitterest time [his family] ever knew". Daily he looked forward to work in the store (limbo). Daily he left the depravity of his poor home (hell). The gaps in his school and home education were being filled by the practical education in the store dealing with the chaotic mass of poor and difficult customers exchanging their ration coupons for merchandise and goods. From his home to the cellar, his salvation was renewed each day he serve the lowly people of Scherzhauserfeld Project, the blot and the stigma of the Salzburg landscape. He did not find it degrading. He belonged to these people of low standing. In their daily transactions, he kept his dignity intact and his customers kept theirs intact. From limbo to hell and back, it was a privilege to find oneself with a purpose, productive, and gaining in self-confidence. To be able to read people and interact with them daily, I do not think there were more valuable lessons from an on-the-job training. He confessed that he owed a life lesson from his exacting boss, Herr Podlaha: "an insight into human possibilities I had never dreamt of, the alternative human possibilities." These alternative possibilities would play in many combinations in his fictional set pieces, would contextualize and foreground his works. Behind the despair, suicide, moroseness, self-destruction, and moping that characterize his literary work, the other possibilities—the will to live, to endure—exists. This singular motive drove him, Bernhard's "will to survive" against the social, economic, and cultural forces of the time. Against fascism and "the rules of the bourgeois social apparatus ... designed to destroy human beings." Bernhard, like his protagonists, was a survivor of war or some grave catastrophe. They found themselves in a story yet to unfold, ripe for more calamities—a story where the epidemic was not yet over, festering in cities overran by zombies. In their apocalyptic flavor, Bernhard's novels are zombie flicks (I can't help myself. I like zombie movies). His characters were plagued by artistic, philosophical, psychological, and medical difficulties, rooted from or symptoms of a defect in human nature: individual cruelty or a collective disregard for feelings and reason. They had to depend on their survival instinct. To ensure his own survival, Bernhard had become a fine observer of people and a lifelong learner of art, commerce, sales, musicology, and singing. Unlike his grandfather, Bernhard was able to expose the whole farce, "smashing all the props and ... annihilating the prop men and all the actors." To ensure his own sanity he created his brand of literature of doom and survival.
Had I not actually been through everything which makes up my present existence, I should probably have invented it all for myself and ended up with the same result.
The Cellar won for Bernhard the Literary Prize of the Federal Chamber of Commerce, apparently for "a totally new form of autobiography" but obviously for the prize-giving body's connection to the subject matter. He wrote a short essay on the prize ceremony which was translated in My Prizes: An Accounting. This slim book of essays and speeches was appended to his five-part memoir in the latest Vintage edition. The last two volumes of Gathering Evidence—"Breath: A Decision" and "In the Cold"—were further demonstrations of the novelist's survival skills. They were among his darkest and life-affirming prose works.
Posted by Rise at 10:05 PM 4 comments Links to this post
Labels: David McLintock, Der Keller, Gathering Evidence, Gathering Evidence and My Prizes, Gathering Evidence: A Memoir, My Prizes, My Prizes: An Accounting, The Cellar, The Cellar: An Escape, Thomas Bernhard
February 15, 2017
Linmark's spectral nationalism
Leche by R. Zamora Linmark (Coffee House Press, 2011)
"No, thank you," Vince says, looking past her at the mourners, who've turned a somber occasion into a fiesta with nonstop eating, drinking, socializing, and praying the novena, which is held for nine days, starting from the day the person expired. Another mass is said on the fortieth day, when the soul of the deceased leaves the earth for the afterlife. Throughout the novena, sweeping is forbidden because it's thought to chase away good luck.
The yard, lined with potted bougainvilleas, has been converted to a gambling den for mahjong and pusoy—thirteen-card poker. At the end of the night, a percentage of the proceeds goes to the family of the deceased.
The "somber occasion"-slash-fiesta was a wake where Vince, the gay protagonist of Leche, accidentally finds himself while looking for the seedy Leche bar—sex club by night, museum by day. It was an opportunity for Vince to share some beliefs, superstitions, and customs in the Philippines. Like a culture-shocked tour guide, Vince dished out all manner of things strange or odd about the country. The novel was flooded with facts and factoids, Filipino mannerisms, and all manner of Filipino stereotypes. (And here I insert my own touristic usage guide: Philippines (with an "s") is the country; Filipino is the citizen; Philippine (without an "s") and Filipino and Pinoy are descriptors/adjectives (e.g., Filipino food, Philippine president, Pinoy balut); no such thing as Philippino.)
I chose to highlight here the short scene of the wake because it reminded me of the nine-day custom of pasiám (or pasiyam) that was the narrative structure of Nínay by Pedro Paterno. Nínay was the first Filipino novel, published in 1885. Between Nínay and Leche was one and a quarter century—126 years—of novel writing in/about the Philippines. I called the former a "cultural guidebook or tourist brochure". In Leche, R. Zamora Linmark also offered a "tourist [guidebook] and brochure" [p. 165] prepared by his confused protagonist. Filipino-born, American-raised, Vince was a quintessential Filipino novel character in that his identity crisis while visiting his "home country" was palpable. Whereas Paterno reveled in and celebrated the Spanish cultural influences in Nínay, Linmark could not get past the Spanish and American confluences in Filipino culture. But like Paterno, Linmark could not get past the didactic tradition of the Filipino novel. Didactic as opposed to, say, the revolutionary tradition of José Rizal's landmark novels or the novels by Wilfrido D. Nolledo and Carlos Bulosan.
In Leche, the narrative was interleaved with postcard letters and "Tourist Tips". What Vince saw from the frontlines of Manila, he reported back to his siblings, mother, and friend in Hawaii: the quirks of the people and the quirks of "Philippine English" that for him was English language that still needed English subtitles (e.g., "restrooms" are called "comfort rooms" in the Philippines). His confusion and cultural disorientation were boundless. Vince's default register was rant, rage, endless complaints, and extended lectures. Subtlety and restraint were thrown out. Satire and exaggeration were his literary tools. The "Tourist Tips", for instance, reinforced many stereotypes and generalizations about Manila and its people.
Red light means "Gas it!"
One way equals four-way.
Motorcycles speeding on sidewalks.
People living off garbage.
People living in garbage.
Komiks vendor gives birth to mudfish.
Brownout is blackout.
Diarrhea is an acronym.
Where are all these metropolitan hyperrealities exploding from? Where else, but in the Metro Malignant mind of Vince; Vicente; Vincere. El Conquistador. Constantino to the nation's First Daughter. First-class passenger to the city of contrasts and blackouts. The capital of collapsing metaphors and memories.
Vince could not reconcile his childhood memories of the country with the current chaos and disorientation he experiences as a visiting adult. Linmark was so steeped in Pinoy pop culture circa 1991, he could easily deploy satire to defamiliarize current events, celebrities, and political personalities. He was an astute observer of Filipino tics. Fancy channeling all of Kris Aquino's complex antics. He made 1991 a flashpoint in Philippine history: the death of film auteur Lino Brocka, the eruption of Mount Pinatubo, the rise of Pinoy massacre films, the expiration of the Visiting Forces Agreement between US and the Philippines.
In Paterno's Nínay, the ghost of Nínay haunted the Ilustrado-ish narrator as he listens to her story told by the second narrator over the course of the nine-day vigil at her wake. In Leche, Vince was haunted by his memories of living in the country with his grandfather before moving out overseas. In "The Spirit of Nínay", Eugenio Matibag, a professor and scholar of nineteenth century Filipino nationalism, considered Paterno's novel as a kind of "spectral allegory", where flashes of nationalism and nation-formation are implicit in the costumbrismo (local color) storytelling of the "outsider" or returning-from-abroad commentator. Leche's costrumbismo was of a hybrid kind. While oftentimes informative, Vince's commentaries on Philippine life and (pop) culture were often infuriating and patronizing. What gave poignancy to his satire, or what served as its foil, was his unacknowledged longing for family roots and the recollection (haunting) of his dead grandfather.
Manila. The sprawling metropolis that, after being back in it for only four days, is becoming more and more the capital city of Vince's frustrations, daydreams, nightmares, reflections, and wonderment. It overloads his senses, wakes up tastebuds he thought he never had, or had lost, guides him from one darkness to the next, from one window of sadness to the next, from one reverie to the next. It shocks hims with what was once familiar. It assaults him with memories that pull him, break him. It floods him with dreams, his grandfather appearing in all of them, first as apparition then as cameo, with face, body, voice.
Vince's spectral nationalism was rooted in his identification as a Filipino (as he confessed in a riotous TV talk show scene with Kris Aquino) even if he does not speak the language, has spent most of his life abroad, and noticed a lot of negative things around him. He felt offended when people around him do not consider him Filipino. His otherness, his prejudices, his endless tirades against the way of life in Manila—the traffic, the air pollution, the language barrier—these were not a façade. He had a love-hate relationship for a nation and a people he barely knew and yet strove to discover and report back to his relatives in Hawaii. There were some three dozen postcard letters Vince sent from Manila to Honolulu. Each was a spontaneous response to his immediate surroundings, and perhaps spectral instances of his mourning, intimations of mortality, and desire for life.
Posted by Rise at 11:49 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Leche, R. Zamora Linmark
February 12, 2017
Hemingway's prayer
Ang Matanda at ang Dagat (The Old Man and the Sea) by Ernest Hemingway, translated by Jesus Manuel Santiago (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino, 1999)
Niyebe ng Kilimanjaro at Iba Pang Kuwento (The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories) by Ernest Hemingway, translated by Alvin C. Ursua (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2015)
The seafaring old man in The Old Man and the Sea was Santiago. He was down on his luck and he was called salao, "which is the worst form of unlucky". The Filipino translator, Jesus Manuel Santiago, rendered the phrase as pinakamalas sa lahat ng malas (the unluckiest of all the unlucky). The repetition captured the sense of Santiago's defeat. His furled flag was like "the flag of permanent defeat" (bandera ng ganap na pagkagapi). It was a good translation. It was clear from the way there was a ready counterpart name given for the many kinds of sea creatures (fish, bird, shark, seaweed) in the novel.
The simple, fable-like story was supposed to highlight the humility of man in the face of nature, his dignity intact after a long struggle. It was significant that the character was presented as a subaltern: someone who was old and poor and who belongs to the working mass of small fishers. Santiago was doing his honest work. We could not begrudge the artisanal fisher his livelihood and thrill of adventure.
His most recent sally into the the Gulf Stream was almost like a suicide mission. He was alone, and he would go into the farther reaches of the sea, far from anyone's reach. He was mostly unprepared; he even forgot the salt that would help him spice up fish that would serve as his food. That the old man will leave empty-handed and be defeated by the forces of nature and circumstances was almost assured. The reader was meant to admire the character's tenacity and big heart. And the sometimes stilted prose that was nevertheless described by the 1954 Nobel Prize Committee as a prime example of the novelist's "mastery of the art of narrative."
The reader would be subjected to the thick of the adventure, man versus fish, then man versus sharks. Sometimes we were privy to the existential questions and ruminations besetting the old man during moments of great hardship. We were told of his dreams of his youth in Africa and the lions on a beach, almost indicating that he was trying to recapture his lost youth. In one very telling moment, Santiago was even likened to the Christ being nailed on the cross.
The Old Man and the Sea was Hemingway's ode to martyrdom and a form of machismo. It was the distillation of his ennobling of figures of men without women, those who were never cowed in facing great tests of human strength and endurance. They went through the motions of defeat, vilified, and cast aside. And they remained steadfast on their mission, however suicidal.
They might not be religious, yet they lived on simple prayers:
"Aba Ginoong Maria, napupuno ka ng grasya, ang Panginoong Diyos ay sumasaiyo. Bukod kang pinagpala sa babaeng lahat at pinagpala ka naman ng iyong anak na si Hesus. Santa Maria, Ina ng Diyos, ipanalangin mo kaming makasalanan ngayon at sa oras ng aming kamatayan. Amen." Pagkaraa'y idinugtong nya, "Pinagpalang Birhen, [ipanalangin] mo ang kamatayan ng isdang ito. Kahanga-hanga man siya."
This was a more sincere, less satirized prayer than that infamous nada-prayer of the defeated figure in "Sa Dákong Maliwanag, Dalisay" (A Clean, Well-Lighted Place), from the collection Niyebe ng Kilimanjaro at Iba Pang Kuwento (pdf), translated by Alvin C. Ursua.
Kawalan namin, nawawala ka, kawalan ang ngalan mo. Kawalan ang kaharian mo. Nawala ang loob mo dito sa kawalan para nang kawalan. Bigyan mo kami ng kawalan ng aming kawalan sa araw-araw; at pakawalan mo kami sa aming mga kawalan, para nang pagpapakawala namin sa wala sa amin; at kawalan mo kaming ipahintulot sa kawalan, at pakawalan mo kami sa kawalan ng wala. Aba, kawalan, napupuno ka ng kawalan, ang kawalan ay sumasaiyo.
The adventure was also an opportunity for extolling manhood and masculinity. The conquistador reveled in sport fishing.
"Pero papatayin ko pa rin siya," sabi niya. "Kahit gaano siya kadakila at karilag."
Bagamat hindi iyon makatarungan, naisip niya. Pero ipakikita ko sa kaniya kung ano ang kayang gawin ng isang tao at hanggang kailan siya makapagtitiis.
"Sinabi ko sa bata na ibang klase akong matanda," sabi niya. "Ngayon ko iyon dapat patunayan."
Ilang libong beses na niyang napatunayan iyon pero wala ring silbi. Ngayo'y pinatunayan niya iyong muli. Bawat pagkakataon ay isang bagong pagkakataon at hindi niya kailanman inisip ang nakalipas habang ginagawa niya iyon.
That perhaps encapsulated the pathetic worldview of the conquistador. To be discontented with what he had and what he had proven so far. Every day was a test. In every situation, he had to master himself and conquer the quarry: the big fish, the mad bull, the boxing opponent. The peacock strutted his stuff, displaying the full extremity of his beautiful desire to kill for sport even if the prize was not meant to be won. The sharks were not an accident. It must be quintessentially the White Man's burden, this unfettered desire for colonization and domination even if it was recognized to be unjust. And this lack of regard for the counsel of the past.
Posted by Rise at 12:43 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Alvin C. Ursua, Ang Matanda at ang Dagat, Ernest Hemingway, Jesus Manuel Santiago, Niyebe ng Kilimanjaro at Iba Pang Kuwento, The Old Man and the Sea, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories
January 21, 2017
Children of the Ash-Covered Loam
Pitóng Gulod pa ang Layo at Iba pang Kuwento (Seven Hills Away) by N.V.M. Gonzalez, translated by Ed Maranan (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2016)
Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories by N.V.M. Gonzalez (Bookmark, 1992)
At the age of 25, Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzalez (1915-1999) produced his first novel. The Winds of April was given honorable mention, next to Juan C. Laya's winning novel His Native Soil, in the 1940 Commonwealth Literary Contest. Ostensibly an autobiographical novel, it was a portrait of an artist as a child in a rural island province and his induction into literary life in the city. I had been looking for a copy of this for some time but never managed to do so.
Recently I read the stories of N.V.M. Gonzalez—the name he would sign his books with—from his first two collections. The 12 stories in Seven Hills Away (1947) and the seven in Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories (1954) could certainly be considered "period pieces" now. The setting of these stories was exclusively the countryside. The novelist's subjects were the common people—the "children of the ash-covered loam"—leading their simple lives in the farming and coastal communities of rural Philippines. They either lived in abject poverty or they barely subsisted in hand-to-mouth existence. They were stories of their time, in the immediate post-war or the years prior to the war—in the early decades of the last century during the American occupation.
With their simple rituals and lifestyle and avid display of folk belief and superstitions, the people in Gonzalez's stories existed in a milieu far from the pace and worldly concerns of contemporary life. However, contrary to the author's assessment that "these stories could easily strike the reader as belonging to a place removed from the space and time he is familiar with", his stories still speak to the present readers about the same qualities of challenges and dangers inherent in life, the same eruptions of human passions and feeling from grave circumstances, the same whimsicality of life and nature. The details in his stories are the timeless, universal, and scintillating details of human fragility and vulnerability against the forces of nature and human conflict.
The two collections showed an evolution in complexity but not in style or temperament. From the sketch-like quality of the brief, miniature stories in Seven Hills Away, it was as if Gonzalez deliberately broadened his canvas to produce larger portraits in Children of the Ash-Covered Loam. Between the two collections, he navigated from simple situations to proper stories. But the register in both was exemplified by an understated elegance in the craft of writing. The stories were discrete artworks, like finely woven mats whose exquisite design gives rise to subtle and tactile textures. It was the same design felt by the sleeper on his back in "Ang Malayòng Abot-tanaw" (Far Horizons) from the first collection, translated by Ed Maranan.
Nang gabing iyon, ipinaglatag siya ng banig na marikit ang pagkakahabi. Ramdam niya sa kaniyang likod ang mga pinong disenyo ng makukulay na buling ginamit sa paggawa nitó. Gaano kayâ katagal hinabi ang banig na ito, tanong niya sa sarili, hanggang sa tuluyan na siyang maidlip.
I dared not translate back into English the above passage. I was sure the original was just as exquisitely stated as the translation and my effort would destroy the simple yet fine weaving of the prose. His metaphors were not wasted. The words were used efficiently. An example of a poetical touch: "The afternoon sun made the bark of the trees glisten like the bolo blade itself." Or, during a storm: "The walls of the hut shook—like a man in the throes of malarial chills."
The very first story in the second collection was the title story which, together with the masterful second story "Lupo and the River", was a fixture in classes in Philippine literature in English. What seemed like ordinary scenes of country life gave rise to a larger unifying theme of the celebration of honest work. Despite their material poverty, the characters went through life with quiet dignity to earn what they can keep, so to speak. "Should I not first of all earn my supper, no?" one character asked another for a service she volunteered to offer.
The stories were hardly open-ended; they were purposive in the sense that they imparted a concrete idea or theme that was only seemingly glossed over but actually purposefully arrived at. The stories in the second collection particularly demonstrated the power of retrospective telling in which the surprise twist at the end of the story could only be logically explained after a careful analysis of the dialogues and details that came before. The delay in relaying the crucial, telling detail near the end of the story added to the effectiveness of the entire design. The structure was almost invisible and hardly penetrable; the story was almost constructed like a puzzle. One must tread carefully through the non-random sequence of events, the mounting details, and the speech and action of the characters.
If I could name a common thread running in Children of the Ash-Covered Loam, specifically in the last five of its seven stories, I would say that they all dealt with the loneliness of women. In "A Warm Hand", an illiterate servant woman was contrasted with her carefree mistress. In "The Blue Skull and the Dark Palms", a young female substitute teacher in an out of the way barrio decided to remain in her teaching post—contrary to what was indicated in the surface of the story—despite the many difficulties she was encountering in the barrio as she readily confessed to her supervisor and despite the opportunity offered to her by her supervisor to transfer to the capital. Her sudden decision could only be explained by reviewing her conversation with her superior. In "The Morning Star", a strong and independent servant impregnated by an American soldier now confronted her pregnancy head on even as she prepared to give birth with the help of an old man.
In "Where's My Baby Now" a housewife was undergoing a sort of mid-life crisis as she began to question her role as a wife to an accountant husband who was obsessed with observing children's games. Her actions strongly indicated her unhappiness at a wife's traditional role and subservient attitude toward her husband.
It can't now be said that although a mere housewife she isn't progressive—this fact she feels has become the essence of her life—to be forever interested in the significant and new to be always in search of facts to investigate and evaluate that other beautiful world and not to sit there watching children all day long at some old game [like what her husband does] but rather to cut the heart open and probe into its secrets— [emphases supplied]
Lately, she was getting a glimpse of "that other beautiful world" outside her home, in her frequent various civic organization meetings. The story ended in mid-sentence—with a long dash. The secrets of lonely women could only be revealed if the heart was cut open and probed.
The first, titular story "Children of the Ash-Covered Loam" may have hinted at the overall concern for the marginalized and poor rural folks—children who kept on tilling their soil against all odds in order to survive one day at a time. The final story, however, encapsulates the concern for women as a more distinct set of disenfranchised individuals. In "The Sea Beyond", a dying cargardor was attended by his young wife who "already ... wore the sadness of her widowhood" aboard a ship that will supposedly deliver the dying man to the doctor. As Gonzalez zoomed in on women in the last of these stories, he summarized the plight of his female characters with a sardonic and wry touch.
The wife assured her calmly that the telegram had been sent. "So what harm could it have done to have spoken to the captain, to have reminded him, since he would be riding into town anyway?" the mother said; and to this the daughter's reply was the kind of serenity ... that can come only from knowledge: "All men know is to take advantage of us [women], Mother," she said.
In a kind of serenity akin to wisdom and knowledge, the novelist's main concern for women in his stories could not be imputed to feminism per se—it's such a loaded, value-laden word nowadays. His concern for women was only a symptom of his larger compassion for people and their struggle for the basic right to live well.
Posted by Rise at 10:33 PM 0 comments Links to this post
Labels: Children of the Ash-Covered Loam, Children of the Ash-Covered Loam and Other Stories, Ed Maranan, N.V.M. Gonzalez, Pitóng Gulod pa ang Layo at Iba pang Kuwento, Seven Hills Away
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Mission Statement
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