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vol. 67.
CON1'INENTAL INS. CO. v. BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS THE PACIFIC et at (Circuit Court, N. D. Callfornla. March 25, 1895.)
An association of fire underwriters, formed under an agreement viding for the regulation of premium rates, the prevention of rebates, the compensation of agents, and nonintercourse with companies not members, is not an megal conspiracy, and the accompllshment of its purposes by lawful means wm not be enjoined at the Instance of a company not a member of the association.
The dismissal of an agent by one of the associated companlQil for refusal to represent such companies exclusively, and a refusal to place Insurance for outside companies. are lawful means to accomplish the purposes of the association.
S. SAME-BoYCOTT.
The advertisement by an agent of certain of the associated companies' that he had authority to cancel policies of outside companies, and rewrite them at lower rates, when in fact he had no such authority, and threats to boycott the agents and customers of such outside companies unless they withdrew their patronage, are megal, and will be enjoined.
Bill for an injunction brought by the Continental Insurance Com-, pany against the Roard of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific and others. Delmas & Shortridge, for complainant Page & Eells and T. O. Coogan, for defendants. McKENNA, Circuit Judge. The nature of the action will be developed as I proceed. The case has been very elaborately argued, and the interests involved are great, and the opinion, therefore, will be quite lengthy. The bill is long, and alleges, substantially: That the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific is a secret association composed of the representatives of certain fire insurance companies, and that it has adopted a 'constitution providing, among other things, for (1) regulation of premium rates (two-thirds membership fixing these); (2) prevention of rebates; (3) compensation of agents; (4) nonintercourse with companies not members. The penalty for violation of these provisions is the cancellation and prohibition to writ or place, within one year, the risk or risks covered, and the rate or rates effected shall be increased 15 per cent. Compensation to agents not to exceed 15 per cent., with certain exceptions. 'The nonintercourse clause of the constitution is as follows:
"Sec. 5. No member shall permit any company under his control to be represented by the agent of any company not represented In this board, nor shall he reinsure, nor accept from, nor place or cause to be placed, whether by reinsurance or otherwise, any business In any company or agency not represented In this board, except with the consent of the executive committee. In presence of nonboard or unconstitutional competition. a member may protect his business In accordance with the general rules. and any rate of premium necessary, and not otherwise: ,provided, he Immediately reports the facta In writing to the executive committee, who shallgrant relief, the charges of unconstitutional competition being sustained by' a majority of the executive committee."
CONTll\ENTAL INS. CO. V. BOARD F. UNDERWRITERS OF THE PACIFIC.
And the pledge taken by the members is as follows:
"I hereby agree, with each and all of the signers of this agreement, to observe, In good faith, without evasion or mental reservation of any kind, all of the provisions of the constitution and rules and regulations of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific, as they now are or may be hereafter constitutionally amended, holding myself faithfully to the spirit as well as to the letter of this agreement. My signature is also understood as binding upon my associates in management, special agents, and all other employes of my office. Also that I will not regard myself as relieved from any obligation assumed, notwithstanding the violation of such obligation by another member, except upon written resignation, sent not less than fourteen days nor more than twenty-one days after service of written notice of my intention to resign, and until after all assessments shall have been paid, except that upon demand, agreed upon by a majority vote of the entire memberslJip, such vote being confirmed at a subsequent meeting not less than five days later, my name may be stricken from the roll without further notice."
That the purpose of the association is to coerce plaintiff and others transacting business of like character to become members, and to obstruct and annoy it and its agents and assureds, in granting insur· ance, because it is not a member, with a view to induce it to be· come such, and that the said association is designed to interfere with plaintiff's freedom in the proper management of its business, and that it assumes to dictate upon what terms the business shall be con· ducted, by means of threats of injury or loss. And it is also alleged that the object of the board and the defendants is to interfere with plaintiff's perfect freedom of action; that the board and its associates have entered into a conspiracy to prevent plaintiff from following its business, and that such conspiracy is unlawful, and has a tendency to prejudice the public or oppress individuals, and unjustly subject them to the power of the confederates; that the said board and its associates have attempted and are attempting to boycott plaintiff, in its business, by inducing its servants to abandon its service be· cause it will not make its rates conform to those fixed by the board, and for the express purpose of injury to its business, and that they have threatened its assureds with a boycott in case they continue their patronage of plaintiff, and attempt, by coercion, to destroy competition, and that their purpose is to coerce it and all other nonmem· bel'S to become members; and that the said board is designed to prevent a just discrimination betwen the ability and industry of agents. The particular acts complained of are as follows: (1) That the Fireman's Fund Insurance Company sent to certain of its agents, who were also agents of plaintiff, the following letter:
"San Francisco, February, 1895. "Wooster & Ensign, Agents, San Josll, Cal.: As has already been notified to you, we are members of the Board of Fire Underwriters of the Pacific,an organization for the bettering of our common business, including the reduction of the fire loss by the improvement of fire equipment ot the various cities and towns of this coast. and the promotion of safe construction of bundlngs. The members ot the· board pay the expenses incidental to this work, and consider it unjust that any Insurance cOl;npanyshould participate In benefits, only to be gained by co-operation, without'· contributing .its share of the necessary expense. We have decided that \s Impracticable for us to· be represented bt 'the representatives of companle.
WhIch pnrsne a business policy totally at variance with ours. We are informed that the following company is In your agency: Continental Insurance Company. Regretting the circumstances which compel us to put you to any trouble, we· have to urgently request you to decide at once whether It is for your better interest to continue to act as our agent, exclusively, or as agent of companies not represented in the board. We inclose addressed envelope for your answer. Hoping that you will see that your Interests are concurrent with our decision, and that your reply to that effect will be Immediate, we remaIn, "Yours, truly, Fireman's Fund Ins. Co. "LouIs Weinmann, Ass't Secretary."
(2) Threats, through their representatives at Salt Lake Oity, of "boycotting" (to quote the bill) "the public, firms, individuals, and assureds who patronized your orator's said business with their custom, and hold policies from your orator and other so-called 'nonboard' companies and corporations, unless such assureds forthwith cancel such policies." (3) That defendant's representative at San Jose, Oa!., to wit, Messrs. Rucker & 00., of that city, caused to be inserted in the San Jose Mercury, a paper of great influence and ctrculation, the following advertisement:
"Have you a policy In any of the following companies? Home, of New York; Phoenix, ot Hartford; Northwestern National; Continental, ot New York; Franklin, of Pa.; Williamsburg City, N. Y.? If you have, bring them to our office without delay, as we have authority to cancel and rewrite them at any rate necessary to get the business. Hucker & Co., "No. 8 North First Street.
The answer of the defendaI).t denies that the board is a secret association, and denies the formation of a conspiracy for the purpose and design of coercion, vexation, dictation, and interference, or boycott, imputed to them by plaintiff, or a purpose to compel plaintiff or others to join said board, or that the object of the board is to oppress or coerce, or that it does or will oppress or coerce, the publio or individuals. They allege that the board was created for, and its object is, to regulate the business of its members, and to prevent, whenever possible, by arrangement between themselves, a ruinous competition of rates, and that they, in common with other companies, have attempted and attempt to obtain business for their respective offices, and seek to obtain business which is placed in other offices, and that such conduct is now, and always has been, followed by the plaintiff. Replying to the specific acts alleged by plaintiff, defendant denies that the defendant addressed or threatened plaintiff's agent, but avers, in effect, that in cases where the agents of plaintiff were also agents of some of the defendant companies, the latter, on account of the business antagonism between them and plaintiff, advised or required an election of said agents between them; that some such agents preferred plaintiff, and some the defendant companies. The circular letter is admitted, and it is averred that it is the sole ground of the charges of conspiracy, contained in the bill, to prevent plaintiff from employing agents. The charge of boycotting at Salt Lake City is denied on information and belief. The advertisement in the San Jose Mercury is admitted, but it is denied it was published as a result of an unlawful combination or conspiracy, or
to boycott the plaintiff, or other nonII!embers of the board. It is admitted that Rucker & Co. are the agents of various members of said board, but not of a large number, as alleged in the bill, and it is averred that the notice was printed because plaintiff and other nonboard com· . panies had attempted and were attempting, by offers of low rates of insurance, to take from said Rucker & Co. their customers, patrons of the companies represented by them, and that the act of Rucker & Co. was lawful, and done to meet the competition of plaintiff and others in insurance business. The answer concludes with the allegation, substantially, that defendant has done no act, and that it does not contemplate any act, which will damage plaintiff, other than such as may arise from competition, and that the acts of defendants have been done as individuals, to protect, respectively, their business against competition offered, and have not been done under any conspiracy or combination whatever; that their association is to promote the safety and success of their business; that it is voluntary, and is not designed to admit or exclude from its membership the plaintiff or any person, or to compel it or other companies to join the same. Numerous affidavits have been filed. They respectively affirm and deny the formation of a conspiracy, and the boycotting purposes of the board. In all else there is very little contradiction, and whatever there is can be easily reconciled without imputation of discredit to the makers. They display, as the pleadings do, a bitter business antagonism and warfare. The contention between the parties is quite clearly defined. The bill is-omitting repetitions and amplifications-that the defendant has unlawfully combined to stifle competition, and to prevent plaintiff from carrying on its business, and that it did prevent it, by coercing plaintiff's agents and customers, and by unjust discrimination. The defendants deny the charges, and assert that the combination is a lawful one to promote their business interests, and that the acts of nonintercourse and nondealing with plaintiff and others are intended to meet the antag· onism and competition of business adversaries. It is necessary, therefore, to consider the character of the combination, and the character of the means used. It may be said, in the beginning, that there is no proof of any act done by the board. The acts proved are those of individual companIes, and, unless these can be imputed to the board, the latter cannot be said to have done anything. It was admitted at the oral argument that some of the acts of the defendant companies were lawful, of themselves. For instance, it was admitted that it was competent and lawful for a board company to choose to be served, or not to be served, by an agent who was also agent of the plaintiff; that it was competent and lawful for it to accept or refuse reinsurance from the plaintiff or its customers, or anybody, or join or not join in insurance with either. These, it was conceded, were business privileges which might have various and justifiable motives, but it was contended that, the combination being unlawful, these acts lost their privilege, and became unlawful, too. This makes the first,
. by the representatives of defendant, or in any manner
CONTINENTA.L INS. CO. tI. BOA.RD F. UNDERWRITERS OF THE PA.CIFIC.
it not the principal, inquiry the character of the combination. Was it unlawful? To put it more narrowly, and hence more precisely, for our purpose, was it so far illegal that the plaintiff may complain of it, .and enjoin it, or its acts, without regard to the quality of the latter? To a like inquiry, in an almost similar case, a negative answer was given in Mogul Steamship Co. v. McGregor, 21 Q. B. Div.. 544, and 23 Q. B. Div. 598, also [1892] App. Cas. 25. The original decision was made by Lord Chief Justice Coleridge, and affirmed by the court of appeals, queen's bench dh1sion, and subsequently by the house of lords. From the distinguished character of the judges and tribunals who decided it, and the consideration it received, and its approval by American cases, it must be regarded as high authority. An outline of its facts is as follows: The plaintiffs were a shipping company, incorporated to acquire, and they did acquire, shares in certain steamships built for and employed in the Chinese and Australian trades. The defendants were an associated body of shipowners, trading, among other places, between China and London, who formed themselves into a conference or association for the purpose of keeping up the rate of freight between China and Europe, and securing that trade to themselves. The defendants alleged, and it was found true, that the large profits derived from the tea freight alone enabled them to keep up a regular line of communication all the year round between England and China, and that, without a practical monopoly of the tea trade, they must cease to do so. The plaintiffs were admitted to the benefits of this conference for the season of 1884, when a circular was widely distributed, notifying those who shipped in the association's steamers that they would be allowed a rebate of 5 per cent on the freight charged, exporters to sign a declarapon that they had not been interested in shipments by other lines; shipments by an outside steamer at any of the ports of China and Hong Kong to exclude the firm making such shipments from participation in returns during the whole six-monthly period within which made, even although its other branches may have given entire support to the above lines. In May, 1885, another circular was issued, which excluded plaintiffs from the benefit of the conference. The acts of which the plaintiffs particularly complained were as follows: (1) The circular of May, 1885, offering a rebate to shippers who would not deal with plaintiffs; such rebate to be lost if they did. (2) Sending special ships to Han Kow, in order, by competition, to deprive plaintiff's vessels of profitable freights. (3) The offer, at Han Row, of freights at a figure which would not repay a shipowner for his adventure, in order to "smash"- freights, and frighten plaintiffs from the field. (4) Pressure on defendants' agents, who were also agents of other lines, to induce them to ship only by defendants' vessels, and not by those of plaintiffs. The resemblance between this case and the one at bar is obvious. The defendants combined, excluding plaintiffs, to engross the tea trade from China, and maintain freights which a free competition would have lowered. The means by which it was to be done were: (1) Lowering of freights against competitors, and granting rebates to their own customers. {2)Sending special ships to compete with opposing ships, to take
freight at any rate. (3) Preventing.its agents from agents of other companies. In both cases there is a combination to keep up rates,-in one of freight, and in the other of insurance,-and competi· tion was pushed in both by an inducement of favorable rates to customers, or threats of unfavorable rates against them, and by the exclusion of agents from a joint representation of the contending parties. The opinions in the case are too long to quote at length, but extracts from them will be instructive. Each elaborately considered the law of conspiracy, and its application to the facts, and also considered in what sense the law regards the legality of contracts in restraint of trade. A clear distinction was also drawn be· tween acts which had inducement in malice or ill will, and those which had inducement of business competition and rivalry. Speaking of the combination, Lord Chief Justice Coleridge said:
''The law may be put thus: It the combination Is unlawful, then the :partles to It commit a misdemeanor, and are offenders against the state; and it, as the result or such unlawtul combination and misdemeanor, a .private person received a private injury, that gives such person a right of private action. It Is therefore, no doubt, necessary to consider the object ot the combination, as well as the means employed to effect the object, in order to determine the legality or lllegality of the combination. And in this case it is clear that if the object were unlawful, or if the object were lawful, but the means employed to effect it were unlawful, and it there were a combination either to effect the unlawful object, or to use the unlawful means, then the combination was unlawful, then those who tormed it were misdemeanants, and a person injured by their misdemeanor has an .action in respect of his injury."
And he further said:
"I do not doubt the acts done by the defendants here, It done wrongfully .and maliciously, or if done In furtherance of a wrongful and malicious combination, would be ground for an action on the case, at the suit of one who suffered injury from them. The question comes at last to this: What was the character of these acts, and what was the motive of the defendants in doing them: The ,defendants are traders, with enormous sums ot money embarked in their adventures, and naturally and allowably desirous to reap a profit from their trade. 'l'hey have a right to push their lawful trade by .all lawful means. They have a right to endeavor, by lawful means, to keep their trade In their own hands, and by the same means to exclude others from Its benefits, It they can. Amongst lawful means is certainly included the inducing, by profitable offers, customers to deal with them, rather than with their rivals. It follows that they may, If they think tit, endeavor to induce customers to deal with them exclusively, by giving Dotice that only to exclusive customers will they give the advantage of their profitable offers. I do not think it matters that the withdrawal of the advantages Is out of all proportion to the injury inflicted on those who "vith· draw them by the customers, who decline to deal exclusively with them, dealing with other traders. It is a bargain which persons in the position of the defendants here had a right to make, and those who are parties to the bargain must take it or leave it as a whole. Of coercion, of bribing, I see no evidence; of 'inducing,' in the sense in which that word is used in the class of cases to which Lumley v. Gye [2 El. & Bl. 210] belongs, I see none either. · · · But it Is said that the motive of these acts was to ruin the plaintiffs, lind that such a motive, it has' been held, will render the combination itself wrongful and malicious, and that if damage has resulted to the plaintiffs an action will lie. I concede that it the premises are established the conclusion follows. It Is too late to dispute, If I desired it, as I do not, that a wrongful and malicious combination to ruin a man In his trade may be ground for such an action as this. Was, then, this combination such? The answer to this question has given me much trouble, and I
confess to the weaknesB of having long doubted and hesitated before I could make up my mind. There can be no doubt that the defendants were determined; If they could, to exclude the plallitiffs from this trade. Strong expressions were drawn from some of them in cross-examination, and the telegrams and letters showed the importance they attached to the matter, their resolute purpose to exclude the plaintiffs If they could, and to do so without any consideration for the results to the plaintiffs, If they were successfully excluded. This, I think, Is made out, and I think no more Is made out than this. Is this enough? It must be remembered that all trade Is, and must be, In a sense, selfish. Trade not being infinite, nay, the trade of a particular place or district being possibly very limited, what one man gains another loses. In the hand to hand war of commerce, as In the conflicts of public life, whether at the bar, In parliament, In medicine, In engineering (I give examples only), men fight on without much thought of others, except a desire to excel or to defeat them. Very lofty minds, like Sir Philip Sydney with his cup of water, WIll not stoop to take an advantage, If they think another wants It more. Our age, in spite of high authority to the contrary, is not wltilout Its Sir Philip Sydneys; but tilese are counsels of perfection which It would be silly Indeed to make the measure of the rough business of the world, as pursued by ordinary men of business. The line is, in words, difficult to draw, but 1 cannot see tilat these defendants have In fact passed the line which separates the reasonable and legitimate selfishness of traders from wrong and malice. In 1884 they admitted the plaintiffs to their conference. In 1885 they excluded them, and they were determined, no doubt, If they could, to make the exclusion complete and effective, not from any personal malice or ill will to the plaintiffs, as individuals, but because they were determined, If they could, to keep the trade to themselves; and If they permitted persons In the position of the plaintiffs to come In and share it they tilought-and honestly, and, as It turns out, correctly thought-that for a time, at least, there would be an end of their gains. · · · On the whole, I come to the conclusion that the combination was not wrongful and malicious, and that the defendants were not guilty of a misdemeanor. I think that the acts done in pursuance of the combination were not hurtful, not wrongful, not malicious, and that, therefore, the defendants are entitled to my judgment." Steamship Co. v. McGregor, 21 Q. B. Dlv. 544.
In the court of appeals these views were enlarged upon and confirmed, and variously illustrated. Of illegal contracts, Lord Justice Bowen said:
"Lastly, we were asked to hold the defendants' conference or association lllegal, as being in restraint of trade. The term 'illegal,' here, is II. misleading one. Contracts, as they are called, in restraint of trade, are not, In my opinion, illegal, In any sense, except that the law will not enforce them. It does not prohibit the making of such contracts. It merely declines, after they have been made, to recognize tilelr validity. The law considers the disadvantage so imposed upon tile contract a sufficient shelter to the public. The language ot Crompton, J., In Hilton v. Eckersley [6 EL & BL 47], is, I think, not to be supported. No action at common law will lie, or bas ever lain, against any individual or IndiViduals, for entering Into a contract, merely because it Is in restraint ot trade. Lord Eldon's equity decision in Cousins v. Smltil, [13 Ves. 542] is not very intelligible, even If it be not open to tile somewhat personal criticism passed on it by Lord Campbell In his 'Lives of tile Chancellors.' If, indeed, it could be plainly proved that tile mere formation of 'conferences,' 'trusts,' or 'associations,' such as these, were always necessarily injurious to ilie pUblic,-a view which Involves, perhaps, tile disputable assumption that In a country of free trade, and one which is not under the iron regime of statutory monopolies, such confederation can ever be really successful,-and if the evil ot tilem were not sufficiently dealt with by the common-law rule which holds such agreements to be void, as distinct from holding them to be criminal, there might be some reason for tillnking that the common law ought to discover within its arsenal ot sound, common-sense principles some further remedy commensurate with
OONTINENTAL INS. CO. fJ. BOARD 1<'. UNDERWRITERS OJ' THE PACIFIC.
the mischief. Neither of these assumptions Is, to my mind, at all evident, nor is It the province of judges to mold and stretch the law of conspiracy In order to keep pace with the calCUlations of political economy. It peaceable and honest combinations of capital for purposes of trade competition are to be struck at, it must, I think, be by legislation, tor I do not see that they are under the ban of the common law."
'1'0 the same effect, Lord Justice Fry expressed himself as follows:
"But if one man may, by competition, strive to drive his rival out of the field, is it lawful or unlawful for several persons to combine together to drive from the field their competitor in trade? It is said that such an agreement is in restraint of trade, and therefore illegal. Be It so. But in what sense is the word 'illegal' used In such a proposition? In 'my opinion, it means that the agreement is one upon which no action can be sustained, and no rellef at law or in equity had, but it does not mean that the entering into the agreement is either indictable or actionable. The authorities on this point are, I think, with a single exception, uniform. * * * The language of all the judges in the cases of Hornby v. Close [L. R. 2 Q. B. 153] and Farrer v. Close [L. It. 4 Q. B. 602] is consonant with that of Lord Campbell and Erie, J., in Hilton v. Eckersley [6 El. & Bl. 47], and Crompton, J., I believe, Is the only judge who has hitherto held such contracts Illegal as well as void." 23 Q. B. Div. 620.
There was but one dissenting opinion,-that of Lord Esher, master of the rolls. He held that the combination was unlawful, and indictable as a conspiracy, and "that when it was carried out to its immediate and intended effect," to quote his language, "which was an injury to the plaintiffs' right to a free course of trade, the plaintiffs had a good cause of action." But the learned justice based the right, not on the injury to the public, nor on the monopoly of the tea trade, nor on the favoritism to customers, nor on the restraints of agents, but on the acts of defendants in lowering freights far beyond a lowering for any purpose of trade; that is to say, he observed, "so low that if they continued it they themselves could not carryon trade," which he held was an act done to interfere with defendants' free course of trade,-a right which could hardly be urged by the plaintiff in this case. In support of the English case, the following American cases may be cited: Snow v. Whee-ler, 113 Mass. 179; Bowen v. Matheson, 96 Mass. 499; In re Greene, 52 Fed. 119; Carew v. Rutherford, 106 Mass. 14; Insurance Co. v. State, 86 Tex. 250, 24 S. W. 397; Manufacturing Co. v. Hollis (Minn.) 55 N. W. 1119. A review of these cases would be demanded, if time permitted, and if it were not necessary to review those claimed by plaintiff's counsel to oppose and countervail their authority. Counsel urge, "It is against public policy to enter into any agreement or combination, the object of which is in restraint of trade, or the obtaining of a monopoly of any article or commodity for the purpose of stifling competition and enhancing the price." In considering this, and the broader contentions of counsel, and the cases cited by them, we must not overlook that it is not the abstract quality of defendant's association and acts, or their relations with the general public, or with one another, but the rights, injuries, and remedies of the plaintiff, which will be regarded.
FEDER....L. impORTER, vol.
Broader considerations than these I may not indulge or yield to. My function is not of that kind or degree which may assent to or oppose all the views urged, and eloquently urged, by counsel. No doubt, many methods which business competition or advantage uses may, if contemplated from one aspect, seem to call for legal repression; and, as'Lord Justice Bowen says, "legal puzzles which might well distract a theorist may easily be conceived, of imaginary conflicts between a group of individuals and the obvious wellbeing of other members of the community." These reflections admonish us not to judge from a too abstract contemplation of e.ils, not to attempt to distinguish fair and unfair competition from debatable consIderations of political economy, but to adhere to and decide the questions in the case by legal precedents. This, though it may seem narro'w, from some points of view, is as broad as a legal tribunal may indulge, whose confined function is, as has often been said, to administer the law as it is, not as it ought to be. In this disposition I have reviewed the cases already quoted, and shall review those cited by defendant's counsel. In the case of Lumber Co. v. Hayes, 76 Cal. 387, 18 Pac. 391, the action was between the parties, to enforce what the court held to be illegal contracts in restraint of trade, to wit, the enhancement of the price of lumber; and the court said, "Their execution will be left to the volition of the parties thereto." But this is the doctrine of Steamship Co. v. McGregor, supra. "The law does not prohibit such contracts," said Lord Justice Bowen; "it merely declines to recognize their validity. The law considers the disadvantage so imposed upon the contract a sufficient shelter to the public." Factor Co. v. Adler, 90CaI. 110, 27 Pac. 36, was, like Lumber Co. v. Hayes (Cal.) 18 Pac. 391, an action between the parties to an illegal contract, and may be classed by the same comment. The case of People v. Sheldon (N. Y. App.) 34 N. E. 785, was a criminal action under the Penal Code of the state. Section 168 of the Code of that state makes it a misdemeanor for two or more persons to conspire "to commit any act injurious to the pUblic health, to public morals, or to trade, or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of public justice, or of the due administration of the laws." The defendant entered into an agreement with others, comprising all the retail dealers in the city of Lakeport, except one, to organize the Lakeport Coal Exchange. The agreement between its members constituted the exchange the sole authority to fix the price which should be charged by the members, individually, for the coal sold by them. The court held that this was an act "injurious to trade or commerce," within the meaning of those words in the statutes. No conclusion applicable to the case at bar can be drawn from this case. The act was one which, without the statute, was legal. It was made a misdemeanor by the statutes, and hence became what Lord Chief Justice Coleridge said the defendants' acts were not in the Mogul Case. It may be said, in passing, that there is no such statute in this state.· Judd v. Harrington (N. Y. App.) 34 N. E. 790, was an action to en·
force an illegal contract, by the parties to it It is, therefore, in the category of California cases supra. Of U. S. v. Jellico Mountain, etc., Co., 46 Fed. 432, so far as we are concerned with it, it is only necessary to say that it was an action to enjoin defendants from unlawfully. continuing to restrain interstate commerce in coal at Nashville, contrary to the pro"isions of the anti-trust law of 1890. The petition was filed against the Nashville Coal Exchange, under the authority of section4 of the aet, for violations of sections 1 and 2, by which every contract or combination in the form of a trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states, is declared illegal, and "every person who shall monopolize, or combine, or conspire with another person or persons to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among the several states · · · shall be guilty of a misdemeanor." In other words, the statute made the combination not only a crime, but gave a civil action in equity to the United States to restrain violations of the statute. The case is obviously not similar to the one at bar. State v. Donaldson, 32 N. J.'Law, 152, was a criminal action, and the decision of the courtwas made on motion to quash the indictment. The indictment alleged that the defendants and divers other evil-disposed persons, etc., being journeymen workingmen employed by Richmond Ward, John C. Little, and others, who were then and there engaged together in the manufacture of patent leather, and as carriers, maliciously to control, injure, terrify, and impoversh their said employers, and force and compel them to dismiss from their said employment certain persons, to wit, Charles Briggan and William Pendergast, then and there retained by their said employers as journeymen and workmen for them, and to injure said Charles Briggan and William Pendergast, unlawfully did conspire, combine, confederate, and agree together to quit, leave, and turn out from their said employment until and unless the said last-mentioned journeymen and workmen should be dismissed by their said employers; and the indictment further charges that they did quit and remain away until their demand was complied with. The decision was undoubtedly based on the malicious character of defendants' acts, these having no just cause or excuse, being of no benefit to defendants, and oppressive to those against whom they were directed; and it is so quoted by Judge Taft in Toledo, A. A. & N. M. .R. Co. v. Pennsylvania Co., 54 Fed. 734. If not so based, it is opposed to other cases. This element was recognized in the Mogul Case, supra, as raising different questions from acts induced by a benefit to the doer. Lord Justice Bowen said (23 Q. B. Div. 613; quoting the case of Rogers v. Dutt, 13 Moore, P. C. 209), to make conduct actionable as a tort, it is not enough "that it will, however, directly do a man harm in his interests," and, continuing, said:
"What, then, were the rights of the plaintiffs, as traders, as against the defendants? The plaintiffs had a right to be protected against certain kinds of conduct, and we have to consider what conduct would pass this legal boundary. Now, intentionally to do that which is calculated, in the ordinary
JrEDERAL REPORTER,
course of events, to damage, and which In fact damages, another, In that other person's property or trade, Is actionable, if done without just cause or excuse. Such intentional action, when done without just cause or excuse, Is what the law calls a 'malicious wrong.'''
See Bromage v. Prosser,-4 Barn. & C. 247; Bank v. Henty (per Lord Blackburn) 7 App. Cas. 741, at page 772. So Judge Taft said in his very able opinion in Toledo, A. A. & N. M. R. Co. v. Pennsylvania Co., 54 Fed. 738, such combinations are said to be unlawful conspiracies, though the acts, in themselves, and considered singly, are innocent, when the acts are done with malice, i. e. with intention to injure another without lawful cause. Whether, in the pending case, the defendants' acts have just cause or excuse, will be considered hereafter. State v. Glidden, 55 Conn. 46, 8 Atl. 890, was a criminal action for conspiracy, based on a state statute which provided as follows:
"Every person who shall threaten and use any means to intimidate any person to compel him to do or abstain from doing any act which he has a legal right to do, or shall injure or threaten to injure his property with intent to so intimidate him shall be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred dol· lars, or imprisonment in the county jail six months."
The information fully charged threats, intimidation, and boycott; and, applying it, the court said:
"Do the acts which it is alleged the defendants conspired to do fall within the prohibition of the act of 18781 They proposed to threaten and use means (to boycott) to intimidate the Carrington Publishing Company to commit, against its wUl, to abstain from doing an act (to keep in its employ workmen of its own choice) which it had a legal right to do, and to do an act (employ the defendants and such persons as they should name) which it had a legal right to abstain from doing. There can be but one answer to the question,the acts proposed are clearly prohibited by the statute."
The court could have stopped there, as the court said it could have, but, as the argument had taken a wide range, it considered and stated the law of criminal conspiracy, and said:
"If we were to attempt to give a rule applicable to this branch of the subject, we should say that it is a criminal offense for two or more persons, cor· ruptly or maliciously, to confederate and agree together to deprive another of .his liberty or property. Such a rule ·is proximately correct and practicaliy just." "Now, if we look at this transaction as it apears on the face of this information, we shall be satisfied that the defendants' purpose was to deprive the Carrington Publishing Company of its liberty to carryon its business in its own way, although in doing so it interfered with no right of the defend· ants. The motive was a selfish one,-to gain an advantage unjustly, and at the expense of others,-and therefore the act was legally corrupt. As a means of accomplishing the purpose, the parties intended to harm the Carrington Publishing Company, and therefore it was malicious."
Without concurring with or dissenting from the comments or conclusions from the rule the learned court applied, it is sufficient to say, besides what has been said, that the facts of the case, as well as those of the cases of Sinsheimer v. United Government Workers (Sup.) 26 N. Y. Supp. 152, and Carey v. Typographical Union, 45 Fed. 135, distinguish it and them from the case at bar, in some of the charges; and whether in all, we shall consider hereafter. In all of them the acts complained of were not acts of the
ClONTINENTAL INS. CO. V. BOARD F. UNDERWRITERS OF THB PAClJlIo.
defendants, directly, in relation to the plaintiffs, but acts influencing, or of intimidation and threats against, the customers of the plaintiffs,-not acts which the defendants might lawfully do or not do, but acts, it may be, of violence, constraining the will of others, and forcing obedience by threats. In other words, the defendants, in these cases, were strangers to the business of the plaintlffs,-intermeddled with it and harassed it. My attention has also been directed to Queen Ins. Co. v. State (TeL Civ. App.) 22 S. W. 1048, notwithstanding it was reversed on appeal. The combination complained of in that case, like the one in the case at bar, was of insurance companies, and for not dissimilar purposes. The suit was by the attorney general of the state, under a statute of the state, or rather supposed statute. The statute was held inoperative, but the action was sustained, nevertheless, the lower court saying that "it is too plain for argument that the purposes and objects of the organization sued are hateful and injurious to the public." The case, as I have said, was reversed on appeal; the court holding that the organization was not in "restraint of trade," as these words are defined at common law, and was not unlawful. The decision is elaborate, and carefully reviews the whole subject. A distinction is made, and asserted to have been recognized at common law, between articles of prime necessity and others, as affecting and distinguishing combinations to secure a monopoly in them. This distinction is criticised by counsel as narrow and arbitrary. I am not sure that the distinction is more arbitrary or narrow than others which the law makes, and necessarily makes. But it is not necessary to say. It is enough for the present purpose to remark that the case has an important distinction from the case at bar. It was a suit by the attorney general, in the name of the state, directly against the organization, and the lower court found warrant for it in the laws and constitution of the state, and not a suit of a private individual, which is governed by other considerations, as I have shown. If, however, the reasoning of the lower court be considered broad enough to cover a suit by a private individual, it cannot be con· sidered authority, as against its reversal by the court of appeals, or the other cases which I have cited. Queen Ins. Co. v. State, (Tex. Civ. App.) 22 S. W. 1048. It will be observed that all the cases regard the motive as im· portant, as determining the absence or presence of malice. The bill in this case alleges that:
"The Board ot Fire Underwriters of the Pacific is an association and combination whereof the above-named defendants are the active members, agents, and officials, designed to coerce your orator, and others transacting business ot a like character, * * * to interfere with, obstruct, vex, or annoy your orator, and assureds, · · · with a view to Induce your orator, its em· Its ployes and' agents, · · · to become members of said board, and · · · designed to Interfere with your orator's pertect freedom ot action, · · · dictate the terms upon which the business ot your orator shall be conducted, by means of threats ot Injury or loss, as hereinafter set forth."
And in the tenth paragraph of the bill it is alleged "that the Mid board and defendants, with its associates, or some or any two
or lUore of them, have entered into a conspiracy to prevent your orator from following his aforesaid lawful business," etc. I shall assume that by these allegations the plaintiff intends to charge that the board was organized, and a conspiracy was formed, for the purposes mentioned. If the charges were true, there could be no about the judgment which should follow them. But I do not think the proof sustains them. I do not think the board was organized or formed for such purposes. It was induced by trade reasons, in whic.h the co-operation of all companies was undoubtedly desired; and necessarily, against their opposition, a plan of competition was provided for and executed. It would be extremely inconsequential to say that the organization had no other purpose, or had the chief purpose to intermeddle with plaintiff's business, or compel its action in any way, or was influenced by personal malice or ill will. We hence come to the consideration of the. means employed by defendant. Did they transcend the bounds of a competition "waged (by the defendant] in the interest of their own trade"? Beginning this head of inquiry, it may be said "it is not enough" (as Lord Chief Justice Coleridge said) "that the combination be unlawful. There must be damage to the plaintiff before an action will lie." And, as he further observed, "damage means legal injury. Mere loss or disadvantage will not sustain the action." And Lord Justice Bowen said, "It is the damage wrongfully done, and not the conspiracy, that is the gist of the action on the case for conspiracy." Justice Nelson, speaking for the court in Hutchins v. Hutchins, 7 Hill, 107, said, "A simple conspiracy, however atrocious, unless it resulted in actual damage to the party, never was the subject of a court action, not even when the old form of a writ of conspiracy, in its limited and most technical character, was in use." The language and doctrine is quoted and approved in Herron v. Hughes, 25 Cal. 555. In Bowen v. Matheson, 96 Mass. 502, Justice Chapman said: "The gist of the plaintiff's action is not the conspiracy alleged, or the declaration, but the damage done to the plaintiff by the alleged acts of the defendants, and the averment that the acts were done in pursuance of a conspiracy does not change the nature of the action. Parker v. Huntington, 2 Gray, 124. In order to be good, the declaration must allege against the defendant the commission of illegal acts." The conclusion from these cases is, there must be damage done by illegal means. For a board company to dismiss its agent, because an agent of the plaintiff, or to put him to an election of service, is not an illegal act; nor can a court of equity restrain it, if done (and I need go no further than this) without malice. The same comment may be made on the act of any such company in placing or refusing to place insurance for plaintiff or its customers. Neither act is a naked transgression against plaintiff. Obviously, many trade reasons induce it The act of Rucker & Co., as agents for certain of the board companies, advertising that they had authority to cancel policies of plaintiff's companies and certain other nonboard companies, I am inclined to think, is within the prohibition of the cases. It is
claimed, however, it was a competitive retaliation for the act of the agent of the Continental in cutting rates and soliciting the owners of a store in San Jose, called the "City Store," to cancel the policies of the board companies represented by said Rucker & Co. But the advertisement exceeds proper competition, and advertises to the public that which is not true, to wit, that said Rucker & Co. had the right to cancel policies issued by plaintiff. The acts of defendant, at Salt Lake, threatening certain agents and customers of plaintiff, are unlawful; nor were they attempted to be justified by defendant's counsel. The charge was attempted to be met by affidavits of agents of certain board companies that they had not made, and did not know of anyone who had made, threats, or had heard of threats. This is not a very satisfactory denial of acts so inimical and unjustifiable. I think, therefore, the restraining order should be continued, as to them. It is only just, however, to say that the president of the board and the defendants positively deny that they have issued threats of any kind against anybody, or that threats have been issued by their consent and knowledge. Injunction continued, as herein indicated,-that is, against the advertisements at San Jose, or like advertisements elsewhere, and against acts at Salt Lake, and like acts elsewhere,and in all other particulars it is dissolved.
UNITED STATES v. ROSENWALD et al. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. March 5, 1895.) No. 18.
In determining the classification of leaf tobacco under paragraph 246 of the act of March 3, 1883, the unit to which the percentage test Is to be applied is the commercial bale. U. S. v. Blumlein, 5 C. C. A. 142, 55 Fed. 383, followed; FaJk v. Robertson, 11 Sup. Ct. 41, 137 U. S. 225, and Erhardt v. Schroeder, 15 Sup. Ct. 45, 155 U. S. 124, distinguished.
SAME-SUFFICIENCY OF EXAMINATION BY COLLECTOR-BuRDEN OF PROOF.
The burden is not upon the government to show that the collector's classification is correct, but the presumption is In favor of Its correctness, and the burden Is upon the Importer to show that It Is not correct; and this burden is not sustained by the fact that the collector's examination was only of 10 hands of tobacco, drawn from representative bales, nor by showing that a method was pursued which was wholly inadequate to ascertain what percentage In any bale consisted of a higher grade, and that the method was erroneous because It sought to determine the percentage, not by aggregating the leaves in the whole number of hands examined, but by aggregating the hands containing the higher grade. 59 Fed. 765, reversed; Erhardt v. Schroeder, 15 Sup. Ct. 45, 155 U. S. 124, followed.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New 'York. Wallace Macfarlane, U. S. Atty. Charles Curie, David Ives Mackie, and W. Wickham Smith, tor appellees.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Embedded Form in Xara Designer Pro X 11 is not displayed in full length.Asked by RandyRooter on January 01, 2017 at 03:52 PM
I was looking for a simple customer comment/question form and Xara suggested JotForm... but I must say it's much more capable than my requirements.
Further, the v3 creator interface was very easy to navigate after only a few minutes review. Was able to choose and modify a template without issue.
My problems starts when inserted into Xara. I've devoted a full page to the form but only about 1/2 appears.
This is what I get: This is what I want:
Everything does eventually appear as you work your way through the form... the top half will disappear when the bottom half appears. Then something else odd occurs once the "Contact Us" button is clicked...
The form completely disappears... just the gray background. F5 will refresh to 1st graphic. Best guess is the "Thank You" page never loads.
I've attempted some suggested fixes I've found in the forum area but nothing seems to help the full form to show. Form length appears to be 1000px (Design -> Form Layout) and I've allocated 1900px on the page to fit.
Here is the embed code provided by choosing Publish -> Platforms -> Xara
Please note original height: = 539 and I've adjusted to 1000 in an attempt to gain full height.
<iframe id="JotFormIFrame" onload="window.parent.scrollTo(0,0)" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/70001542013131" frameborder="0"i style="width:100%; height:1000px; border:none;" scrolling="no"> </iframe>
I realize this is long but more information seems to be better.
Finally the question; Is this normal behavior and if not; can you assist?
Best regards
 http://www.rotorootersewerdrain.com/contact-a.html
JotForm Support
I did check your webpage where you have embedded your form and found that the form is not displayed in full length because of the height of the div class is 480px and the height of the form is more.
To solve this problem, I would suggest you to please inject the following custom css code in webpage (NOT in form) and that should solve your problem:
.xr_noreset {
height: 1200px !important;
overflow: visible !important;
Hope this helps.
Do get back to us if you have any questions.
Thank you!


text:
Adam Hurtado is that guy who was always the biggest kid in his class, and for most of his first 25 years he was good with that.
He arrived in this world a big boy, born weighing 10-and-a-half pounds. By the time he was 12 he was more than 6 feet tall and 200 pounds.
And with supportive parents and the opportunities that sports afford big kids, Hurtado says he grew up feeling pretty good about himself, especially upon reaching Mater Dei High School, where he found a home on the offensive line protecting his childhood friend Matt Leinart, who went on to be a Heisman Trophy winning quarterback at USC.
"Always with my size it was applauded," says Hurtado, now 26 and a part-time manager for a non-profit organization. "I never knew it was unhealthy."
Then last year, tragedy came to the Santa Ana home where he'd grown up with his brother Ryan and his parents Nancy and Andrew, a moment so terrible that for weeks after Adam Hurtado says he felt like he'd fallen into some deep place out which he could not climb.
Many dark days later, while talking with Leinart, his old friend came up with a new suggestion: try out for "The Biggest Loser," a show Hurtado and his mother Nancy had watched for years, and maybe he could lose weight, gain health and restore some of the happiness that had disappeared from his life.
Hurtado tried out earlier this year and made it onto the 10th season of the show. The first episode aired a week ago – the second arrives on NBC at 8 tonight.
As for his mom, for whom he's embarked upon this journey?
"She's watching," Hurtado says. "She's so proud."
* * *
As his senior season at Mater Dei opened, Hurtado dreamed of a college scholarship, and maybe even a shot at the NFL. He was 315 pounds, playing strong tackle on offense and about to double up to play nose tackle on defense, too.
"We were going against the Mission Viejo Diablos and (future USC and New York Jets quarterback) Mark Sanchez," Hurtado says. "It was my first game going both ways, and unfortunately I wasn't in good enough shape. In the fourth quarter, I had the center held up and I got undercut."
Every ligament in his knee was torn – it was a career-ending injury.
"That's where I gained most of my weight," Hurtado says of the 100 pounds or so he packed on over the rest of his senior year. "I continued to eat like a football player, but obviously I wasn't getting exercise."
Like plenty of high school boys, he loved the junk food, hitting fast food restaurants with his buddies after school or football practice and games.
"And my mom was a great cook, and she took care of us all," he says. "My mom wasn't Hispanic but my father was, and she loved preparing traditional Hispanic meals – carne asada, lots of cheese, lots of beans and rice. Lots of fat.
His teammates often came over after practice to chow down. "If a kid wanted to have a good meal, you knew where to come," he says.
After high school, as Hurtado attended Orange Coast College and Cal State Fullerton, the weight stayed on, and he didn't really worry about it much.
"Unfortunately that light never turned on for me," he says of the thought that he really needed to shed a good chunk of those 400-some pounds he weighed. "The way my mom raised me, she knew that a lot of kids facing obesity dealt with a lack of confidence. But my mom had the ability to make me feel good about myself whether I was 200 pounds or 400 pounds.
"It was good for my morale, but it wasn't good for my health."
* * *
On the morning of July 1, 2009, life for the Hurtado family forever changed.
Adam Hurtado, concerned that his mom hadn't gotten up at her usual time for work as an administrator at UCI Medical Center, went to check on her and found her on the floor of her room. Paramedics came but Hurtado says he could tell by the way she looked that she was gone.
Like her son, Nancy Downey-Hurtado was obese, which along with diabetes led to the heart attack that killed her at the age of 51.
"After my mother passed, I was in a very dark place," Hurtado says, his voice cracking with emotion. "I hit rock bottom and then I realized that I was on the same path."
"The Biggest Loser" had been a favorite show for both Hurtado and his mom, but it wasn't anything he ever thought he could do until Leinart gave him a little shove.
"He knew that's what I needed," Hurtado says of Leinart, who in an appearance on the premiere last week described Nancy Downey-Hurtado as "a second mom" to him.
"Matt said, 'Adam, you know, thinking back to how much you guys loved that show, and obviously you have a message to share now, I think you should give them a shot.'"
Leinart helped Hurtado find a contact for the show. Hurtado sent in a video application, in which he talked about wanting to honor his mother, and continue the community health work she had done for years, an idea that appealed to the show producers in this season where "The Biggest Loser" theme is "Pay It Forward."
Callbacks and interviews led to his invitation to join the show this year, and since then, Hurtado says many things have fallen into place for him and his family, almost as if there's someone watching over him now.
The annual Christmas toy drive that his mother started at a UCI family clinic in Santa Ana was renamed Nancy's Miracle Toy Giveaway after her death. In December it provide toys, meals and health screenings for 5,500 kids, Hurtado says.
During the challenge shown on the premiere – necessary to make it to the fitness ranch and the rest of the series – Hurtado says that when he started to falter he called on his mother not to let him fail and found the energy needed to finish.
"It's life changing," Hurtado says of his experience on "The Biggest Loser," a journey that so far has taken him from 402 pounds down to a number and a finish he's not yet allowed to disclose. "It's opened my eyes to a whole new world."
And in that world, though he feels the absence of his mother every day, he knows he's not without her.
"I feel her with me every day," Hurtado says. "She always wanted me to be on the show, and for it to happen? I know it was her that made this happen.
"There's no excuses for me know," he says. "There's no room for failure. And as long as I strive for it, and keep moving forward, I think I'm going to be fine."
Contact the writer: 714-796-7787 or email@example.com


text:
CALGARY, Alberta (Reuters) - India-based H-Energy has signed an option agreement with the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, to look at putting up an natural gas liquefaction facility and export terminal in the province, a director of the company, said on Thursday.
H-Energy director Darshan Hiranandani said the option on a site on the Strait of Canso would give the privately-owned company exclusive rights to buy the site if feasibility studies prove satisfactory.
"Last week we signed our option agreement with the government of Nova Scotia," he said. "LNG export terminals are far and few. We do not believe there are any other Indian companies that have put up LNG export terminals so far."
Hiranandani said it would take two or three years to get to the point of starting construction on the site.
He was speaking at a forum organized by the Canada-India Business Council in Calgary, aimed at encouraging Indian investment in Canada's oil and gas industry.
Canada is the world's third largest gas producer and sixth largest oil producer.
Energy demand is on the rise in India's nearly $2 trillion economy, with stagnant domestic output encouraging companies to ramp up efforts to import oil and gas.
H-Energy, which is part of the Hiranandani Group, one of India's largest privately-held property developers, is also building an LNG import facility on the west coast of India.
Reporting by Nia Williams, editing by G Crosse


text:
Rated 5 out of 5
Southfresh zip hooded sweatshirt with full front zip and half hood with Black Camo fabric. Featuring kangaroo pocket and Southfresh leather patch on chest. Made in Italy, as every Southfresh product.
Southfresh full zip hooded sweatshirt with camouflage fabric inside the hood, Southfresh label on sleeve and leather tab on cheast. Made in Italy, as every Southfresh product.


text:
Situated in Whitstable just a five minute walk from the beach, 4 Knot's Yard provides luxury self catering accommodation for families or two couples visiting the beautiful North Kent coastline.
The cottage has a contemporary lounge with mezzanine level double bedroom above, large 37" flat screen TV with Freeview service, DVD player, red leather sofas and a dining area which can seat four. The modern kitchen has granite effect worktops, a dishwasher, electric cooker, washer/ dryer, stainless steel extractor fan and a large fridge/ freezer.
The first floor master bedroom has a TV and glass balustrade overlooking the living area. This room also has an ensuite shower room and there is a ground floor bedroom which can be presented as either a double or twin. The family bathroom has an overbath shower, hand basin and WC.
There is designated car parking for one medium size car. A pay and display car park can also be found 100 yards away.
The rental charge includes gas central heating.
Short breaks are welcome. Please note that we do not accept pets.


text:
My boyfriend is so sweet and I love him a lot! We've been dating for a year and a half (and were friends for longer). He's the sweetest guy ever. He thinks he's ugly and he always asks why some one like me would be with some one like him. It makes me kind of sad. I'll admit he's not the best looking guy ever but he's absolutely perfect. Yes, people have said mean things to him because of it. And they don't believe we're dating sometimes which makes me mad. He's the nicest, most wonderful guy ever and people are mean to him. I don't know what to do. It hurts him that people say things like that and when I try to make him feel better he says I think of him the way I do because I love him. I just need some advice on what to tell him, what to do. If you could help I'd really appreciate it! Thanks!
Most Helpful Guy
its something he's gotta learn to cope with. just sounds really needy to me. iam sure if his girlfriend can't give him re assurance its something he has to get over on his own. why would you care what other people think anyway? especially if you have a hottie for girlfriend. o.032|10|0
Agreed, why not just be happy he has a great girlfriend and forget what other people think?


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Posted by Porsha
Attorney Kevin Ford gave my case personal attention and was quick to respond to my questions. He made sure that I received the best care possible for my injuries and fought for the biggest settlement possible. I truly appreciate being able to talk to a lawyer (Kevin) every time I called, not some call center! He is not just there for one call and that's it, he is there to walk you through the process.
Posted by Karinda
Kevin Ford was incredible throughout my whole ordeal. I was involved in a car accident a couple years ago and he was there right away to take my case. It took two years to complete, but he never gave up and in the end we came out with a win. He made sure I was given proper care by all the physicians and was seen by the right people. Most of all he always kept me informed, which was incredibly important to me. I would definitely recommend him to anyone!
Posted by Gia
Kevin is a great person as well as Lawyer. He's Always been available to answer my calls or emails. Even on a short notice he was able to make a unplanned court appearance with me. It's Good to know Good Attorneys still exist and Kevin C.Ford is my Super Lawyer.
Posted by Carol
When I was searching and investigating several attorneys, I found Kevin Ford. I called him, and within hours he had information which was crucial to my case. Kevin was so helpful, informative, and most of all available to return my calls promptly. Try to get an attorney on the phone on a weekend or late evening, NO WAY, but Kevin was available and responsive.
Kevin truly proved to be an aggressive, knowledgable, compassionate attorney and concluded my case on a very positive note.
Look no longer and hire Kevin Ford.
Posted by Jessica Sanford
I have worked on the other side on numerous cases with Kevin. Kevin is one of the most hard-working and competent lawyers I know. He is a pleasure to work with. I highly endorse Kevin Ford!
Posted by Jessica
I have worked with Kevin many times over the years... He is a phenomenal lawyer and great to work with !!!!
I would highly recommend him to anyone looking for a good lawyer.
Posted by anonymous
MR Ford, did an excellent job with my case. I trusted what he told me when we spoke.He kept me well informed about everything. He is a very knowledgeable attorney .I was amazed at how quickly he handled my case.If ever i need an attorney again.Kevin Ford would be the only attorney i would use.
Posted by Herman
Kevin is a very professional and dedicated attorney. He kept me inform from start to finish and I was very happy with the resolution I received. He is very knowledgeable about the law and answered any questions I asked him. I would highly recommend him.
Posted by Shannon
Mr. Ford has handled cases for me both in Atlanta and in Savannah and after my first experience with him in Atlanta, I was inclined to contact him again respective of my issue in Savannah. Thankfully I've not had to go to court much in my life, but when one does, one can feel like a fish out of water. Especially when in a bigger city where you're a stranger and also when you're dealing with an injury case, you feel pretty vulnerable all around. Mr Ford's demeanor on the phone put me at ease and found him very genuine and felt I wasn't just getting the schmooze or felt someone was trying to hook me for a case for the sake of the case. He was as nice in person too and during my case(s), he really kept me in the vein of information, explaining my options very well, and not once did I feel like he was only working an angle for himself. He was very frank, objective and didn't slack or slag with the momentum of our pursuits. This really meant the world to me. I'd worked with other attorneys who left you wondering by the phone or email a bit too much of the time. In the end, we won our cases, I got what was due to myself and my family, and we've been able to move on with our lives in a healthy, happy and productive way. Such a relief! Finding a laywer can often feel like Russian Roulette! But if you're looking for honor, decency, integrity and a work ethic that your case deserves, I wouldn't hesitate to recommend Mr. Ford for his services. This is a person who cares!
Posted by Tasha
Although it has been a few years since my case, Kevin has maintained contact with me and has also assisted me with other legal issues. I have referred him to several friends who were equally as pleased with his work. He is a very good communicator and won't leave you hanging like alot of attorney's often do. You WILL BE ABLE TO REACH HIM if you need him! He is an absolutely fantastic attorney and reasonable too. I'd recommend him to anyone. Most people want to know whether an attorney can get the job done...He gets it done. I wish he practiced every type of law because I often call him up and ask him for help in other areas of law(other than personal injury that is) and even if he can't help he always points me in the right direction. I would use him again if i were involved in another accident. He got me more than what I expected in terms of a settlement...that is. I was very pleased.


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Middle Township
Middle Township Police handled 807 calls for service May 7-13.
A 24-year-old man from Rio Grande was arrested May 7 and charged with disorderly conduct and resisting arrest.
A 20-year-old woman from Rio Grande was arrested May 7 and charged with robbery.
A 19-year-old man from Cape May was arrested May 10 and charged with shoplifting.
A 32-year-old man from Villas was arrested May 12 and charged with driving while intoxicated, hindering apprehension and warrants.
There were five warrant arrests.
Crime Stoppers
If you have information about a crime, contact Crime Stoppers anytime at 609-465-2800 (Cape May County only). You can remain anonymous.


text:
- Cryptosporidium cysts can cause gastrointestinal illness (i.e. diarrhea, vomiting and cramps);
- Long term exposure to lead may contribute to delays in physical or mental development in children, and kidney problems and high blood pressure in adults; and
- Long term exposure to select herbicides and pesticides can cause problems with the kidneys, liver, thyroid, and cardiovascular and reproductive systems, as well as increase the risk of cancer
Filtrete Brand from 3M, known for its air filtration products for heating and cooling systems, is introducing a new line of do-it-yourself, plumbed-in Filtrete Water Filtration Products. The family of Filtrete Water Filtration Products includes four different filtration levels and three types of installed systems so homeowners can customize their selections based on their water filtration needs. The basic and standard filtration levels filter sediment to reduce cloudiness as well as chlorine taste and odor to improve water taste, while the advanced and maximum filtration levels filter harmful contaminants like microbial cysts and lead, which may be in water. According to a recent survey 1 commissioned by Filtrete Brand, approximately one in four homeowners (24 percent) currently live or previously lived in homes that made them feel sick or unwell. One way Filtrete Brand is helping address this concern is by developing the new Filtrete High Performance Drinking Water System with Maximum Filtration Plus which reduces health-effect contaminants that may be found in water. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), individuals exposed to the below contaminants above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) may potentially experience health effects 2:


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At Jetwing Vil Uyana you will never be short of tantalizing dining options. From the formal to the casual we have something to cater to everyone's taste and each dish tells a story as the best meals generally do.
Choose from four different options at Jetwing Vil Uyana; Apsara offers fine-dining, light refreshments and refreshing drinks are yours to enjoy at Sulang along with a cool breeze and casual fare. Graffiti Bar is well stocked with an array of liquid treasures which will keep you in the best of spirits. Tree House Dining offers a novel dining experience with spectacular views of the surroundings.
Subscribe to The Front Desk


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Check out our latest Scribe Newsletter!
Take a look at the latest and greatest version of the Vilna Scribe! Click here to view.Read More
Take a look at the latest and greatest version of the Vilna Scribe! Click here to view.Read More
Sunday Shul at the Vilna Shul Teachers wanted! $500/series, 2 teachers needed The Vilna is starting "Sunday Shul" – a fun, interactive Hebrew School class for kids under the age…Read More
Marketing and Programming Intern $75/month stipend plus course credit 10 – 12 hours/week Dynamic non-profit looking for intern to assist with marketing and program efforts. As the Vilna continues…Read More
The Vilna Shul, Boston's Center for Jewish Culture seeks a part time Capital Campaign Coordinator to help with various administrative aspects of its capital campaign. Reporting to the Executive Director…Read More
Click here to see the Vilna's Annual Report for 2015.Read More
Check out the Vilna on the front page of The Jewish Advocate from June 10, 2016 by clicking here! You can see the Community Mosaic in person throughout the summer during our museum hours: Wednesday,…Read More
A record-breaking number of over 300 community and business leaders attended the Vilna's recent annual spring Tribute Benefit, Creating Community, on May 1. Held in our historic building and co-Chaired…Read More


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School Safaris
School Safaris
Journey out into the field for an unforgettable hands-on learning experience. The Virginia Living Museum's science safaris give students an exciting combination of in-class laboratory instruction and hands-on topical field study.
Developed under a Virginia Environmental Endowment grant as model programs for high school students, the Museum's science safaris are combined laboratory and field classes that stress field study, experimentation, data collection and analysis. After an introduction to the day's topic, students will leave the classroom behind to become immersed in a first-hand learning experience in the natural world.
Length of Session: 6 to 12+ hours (varies with topic)
Number of Students: Maximum of 25
Fees for Contract Schools: Please call for information
Fees for non-contract schools: $30 per student ($650 minimum per program) Cave Ecology $35 per student, $700 minimum.
Fuel surcharge may apply.
Safaris are field study programs. They do not include a self-guided visit to the Museum's exhibits. Follow the suggested procedures for reserving a science safari.
For more information or to make a reservation, call the Reservations Coordinator at 757-595-9135 Monday-Friday, 9am – 4:30pm or complete the online request form.
Funded in part by BayPort Credit Union.
Cave Ecology
Grades 7-12
Science SOLs LS.6 LS.8 LS.10 LS.11 ES.1 ES.2 ES.7 ES.8 BIO.1 BIO.4 BIO.8
Descend into the fascinating world of twilight zones and troglobites while exploring wild caves in western Virginia. Learn the geology of cave formation and growth by examining soda straws, popcorn and other dripstone formations. Search for bats, salamanders and other cave animals and discover their unusual adaptations for survival in this unique ecosystem. (Note: This is a strenuous trip. Participants must be able to walk easily without assistance on uneven ground including some steep slopes.)
Chesapeake Bay Ecology, a "Meaningful Watershed Experience" Program
Grades 6-12
Science SOLs 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.7 6.9 LS.4 LS.6 LS.8 LS.9 LS.10 LS.11 BIO.1 BIO.4 BIO.6 BIO.8
Seining in shallow off-shore water and dip-netting in a salt marsh are just two of the day's many activities as students learn first-hand about the biology and ecology of the Bay. One of the last natural shorelines in our region provides the stage for collection and classification of a rich diversity of plants and animals. Assessment of increasing human impact and the need for wetland preservation are areas of special emphasis.
Estuarine Ecology, a "Meaningful Watershed Experience" Program
Grades 7-12
Science SOLs LS.4 LS.6 LS.8 LS.9 LS.10 LS.11 BIO.1 BIO.4 BIO.6 BIO.8
Board canoes for an exciting on-the-water study of a local estuarine ecosystem. From their floating laboratory, students monitor salinity and other physical factors that affect the survival of creatures in the Chesapeake Bay. Students learn first-hand about the importance of this productive ecosystem by observing killifish, blue crabs, grass shrimp and other organisms in their natural habitat.
Field Mineralogy
Grades 6-12
Science SOLs 6.1 6.4 PS.1 PS.2 ES.1 ES.2 ES.4 ES.5 ES.7
Make your earth science curriculum come to life with an all day field excursion to Virginia's mineral rich Piedmont region. Students will search for specimens such as mica, garnet, feldspar, magnetite and more. Students learn to identify their collected rock and mineral samples using diagnostic tests and then apply their data to interpret the ancient environments that formed the specimens. Virginia's mineral resources are correlated to commercial applications in our daily lives.
Freshwater Aquatics
Grades 7-12
Science SOLs LS.4 LS.6 LS.8 LS.9 LS.11 BIO.1 BIO.4 BIO.6 BIO.8 CH.1
Travel by canoe through a freshwater ecosystem teeming with aquatic life from duckweed and water lily to bass and beaver. Determine the primary productivity of this rich pond community through dissolved oxygen studies and investigate the pond's successional stage. Students analyze collected data to identify natural and man-induced factors that lead to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems.
Grades 6-12
Science SOLs LS.4 LS.8 LS.13 ES.1 ES.2 ES.9 BIO.4 BIO.6 BIO.7 BIO.8
Journey millions of years back in time in search of fossils that reveal Virginia's prehistoric past. Dig into fossil sands to uncover abundant marine organisms that can include star coral, Jefferson's scallops, whalebone and shark teeth. Students collect, identify and analyze fossils to reveal the history of an ancient ocean environment that once existed in what is now Virginia's Coastal Plain region.


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how to reserve the tickets
when we use jr pass , how to make reservation in bullet trains
for example from to Kyoto how to travel in reserved coach
or we have to travel in unreserved coach by standing for about 160 min
i am very confused as my age 70 years and i can not stand and travel for more than 30 min.
Hello there,
We have a stap by step guide for you, just click the below link.
Simply said, take your JR Pass to a ticket desk. Tell the JR Pass when and where you wish to travel and lastly - board the train.
Hope this helps,
Order your Japan Rail Pass Online
Starting from $262.00 for 7 days of unlimited Japan Rail travel
Please note: we are only able to handle order related enquiries via our online direct support. Commercial advertising is prohibited as per our website terms.


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Redwater matches EastEnders
THURSDAY: Kat and Alfie Moon spin-off drama Redwater launched in line with the long-running BBC1 soap that spawned them.
Access our premium content: save over £49
Your 14-day free trial has expired. Subscribe today to the full package to access this premium content, plus save over £49 with this offer.
Gain instant access to Broadcastnow.co.uk and take a look at the latest issue and supplements. Keep up to date with the news by signing up to our breaking news alerts and TV ratings. Enjoy all this and more with a subscription to Broadcast. subscribe now to save over £49 or call + 44 (0) 330 333 9414 quoting offer code PYWAL
Try a sample of the digital edition today and see for yourself how you and your company can benefit from a subscription to Broadcast REQUEST A FREE DIGITAL ISSUE OF BROADCAST


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Now this is a bit special. Luke Slater's Mote Evolver launches the Parallel series, the concept being that two contrasting but complementing artists drop a brace of tracks each on the one release.First up, US based Englishman ASC (real name James Clements), known primarily for his forward thinking D&B excursions, turns in two whopping techno cuts. The relentless guttural throb of "Slow Burn" is offset by some slapping synths and barely there vocal snippets, kind of what we'd expect a studio jam between Levon Vincent and Boddika to sound like. This is complemented by the more liquid tones of "Transit", a reverb-laden throbber with menacing sonar bleeps piercing the swampy atmospherics. Up next, Slater adopts his seldom seen L.B.Dub Corp guise for "Lurcher's Dub" and "Native Dub", with the cavernous sub-bass and twinkling keys of the former demanding play on an implausibly large soundsytem.
DJ-friendly full length tracks
DRM Free
Secure Shopping


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Red Cardinal Trivet
The Beautifully Hand Painted Red Cardinal Trivet
This vibrant, hand painted reproduced Red Cardinal Trivet is part of our beautiful Red Cardinal collection! This ceramic trivet makes a perfect gift set along with our Red Cardinal Apron, Knapkins, Tea Towels, and Oat Tea Towels. We promise you will be as obsessed with this beautiful bird as we are!
- Green border
- Trivet holds up to 250 degrees
Please be aware that our hand painted knacks may have some imperfections.


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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
We'll match your job to the relevant tradesmen in your area - those interested will pay to see your contact details and call you to quote.
As each tradesman expresses interest in quoting on your job, we'll send you their profile and ratings to help you choose the right one for you.
After the work is complete, return to the site and rate your tradesman based on their quality of work, reliability and value for money.
Added 31/05/2013
Toilet and hand basin replacement
Added 11/12/2009
Area 15 ft x 8ft One room Garage converted to room off kitchen
Searching for tradespeople
Managing your job is easier with the Rated People Homes App, download it today.


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the title said it all
8 Replies
Jan 21, 2012 at 12:47 UTC
Unfortunately, the title doesn't say it all, as I'm pretty sure 100k+ people could answer yes to it-
Are you looking to hire someone to do c++ work?
Are you looking for help with a specific piece of code?
Are you looking for someone to walk you through writing code for a specific project only?
What platform? What level of commitment?
Jan 21, 2012 at 11:31 UTC
Niagara Technology Group (NTG) is an IT service provider.
I'm with Magnus, the title doesn't tell us anything.
Jan 21, 2012 at 5:50 UTC
I'll byte ... buy this book ...
Jan 23, 2012 at 6:24 UTC
My 2c:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void main()
cout << "Hello World!" << endl; cout << "Welcome to C++ Programming" << endl; }
Hope that helped.
Jan 23, 2012 at 6:36 UTC
Jan 26, 2012 at 11:12 UTC
for(int i = 0; i < 1000000000000; i++){
cout << " I be programmer" << endl;
Feb 3, 2012 at 6:41 UTC
HaHaHa, you could win a prize for that
Feb 3, 2012 at 7:30 UTC
I was going to nuke this thread, but I'll leave it now since it's got a couple of useful links.
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Harmonic Convergence workshop at Rose Street House of Music
Expand Messages
- Harmonic Convergence: Creating and Singing in a Vocal Ensemble
An interactive workshop with Irina Rivkin
At Rose Street House of Music
- How to start or join a vocal ensemble
- Improvisation and arrangement
- Finding repertoire or creating your own
- Learn fun group singing exercises
- Use your voice to express your passion and your spirit!
Sunday, Feb. 11, 4-7 p.m. $20-40 sliding scale
Group size limited, pre-registration suggested
For more info: call (510) 524-3545
Registration for "Harmonic Convergence
Name __________________ Phone ________________________
Address_____________________ City __________ Zip ________
Payment enclosed ____ ($20-40 sliding scale)
What are your hopes for this workshop:
Deposit of at least 50% of workshop payment reserves a space. Please make
check or money order payable to Irina Rivkin, and mail registration to:
1839 Rose Street, Berkeley, CA 94703, or bring to a Rose Street event
Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


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Another week, another decide and another blog with me saying, END THE DECIDE CHAPTERS. Really, I think every bleach fan is sick of deicide. I seriously considered not writing a blog about this chapter as 1)It came out last night right as I was going to sleep, 2) I am very late in writing it and 2) This chapter was the most useless thing ever.
Seriously, Kubo is starting to piss me off. Does he truly think anyone cares about RKT? He sets up this amazing fight between Ichigo and Hollow Ichigo and we don't even get to see it? That is stupid and makes me rage. Last week it seemed we were finally going to get to see that fight but no, Kubo decides he just wants to write a filler chapter with a bunch of characters no one cares about.
The only things that were good about this chapter were Zennosuke showing up, hitting Aizen and running and then the caption on the last page but I don't think anyone didn't see the whole Gin losing trust in Aizen thing coming. Is it just me or is everything becoming predictable? Ichigo will win at the last moment as always, he will fight Aizen and get his but kicked for a while until he finds the resolve to win and what not. Really, Kubo needs to mix things up. I think the best thing that can happen right now is if Gin turned on Aizen in the next chapter and was killed. That would excite me. Hell, even going back to Hueco Mundo for a chapter might be more interesting than the cell saga that we have now.
Anyway, Im ranting and so I should stop. Comments are always welcomed but stay on topic and dont attack other users


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Propofol-butorphanol Anesthesia During Uterine Curettage (PABADUC)
This study has been completed.
Nanjing Medical University
Information provided by:
Nanjing Medical University
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: November 20, 2008
Last updated: July 14, 2009
Last verified: July 2009
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Uterine curettage is usually performed under the anesthesia of propofol-fentanyl or para-cervical block,of which generally has significant incidence of respiratory depression which increases the demand on intraoperative monitoring, or has unavoidable insufficient blockade which results in intraoperative suffering of pain. Butorphanol is an analgesic with combined effects on mu and kappa opioid receptors leading to a role as analgesia and sedation. The investigators hypothesized that combined propofol with butorphanol during uterine curettage would produce optimal effectiveness of these two drugs by adding sedative and analgesic effects together. In addition, it would decrease the intraoperative consumption of propofol without increase the incidence of side effects. Furthermore, such combination would alleviate postoperative pain.
|Abortion Curettage
|Drug: Fentanyl Citrate Drug: Butorphanol Tartrate
|Phase 4
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|Propofol-butorphanol Combined Anesthesia During Uterine Curettage on Abortion
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: Anesthesia
Drug Information available for: Fentanyl Fentanyl citrate Propofol Butorphanol tartrateU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Nanjing Medical University:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Intraoperative awareness [ Time Frame: During the whole process of anesthesia ]
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Bispectral Index (BIS) value [ Time Frame: During the whole process of anesthesia ]
- Anesthetic consumptions [ Time Frame: From the start of operation to the end of surgical procedures ]
- Postoperative pain [ Time Frame: Since the end of the operation to 48 h follow-up. ]
- Postoperative bleeding [ Time Frame: Since the end of operation to 48 h follow-up ]
|Study Start Date:
|November 2008
|Study Completion Date:
|July 2009
|Primary Completion Date:
|July 2009 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Active Comparator: 1
Propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia
Drug: Fentanyl Citrate
Combined anesthesia with propofol (2-2.5mg/kg) and fentanyl (5 μg)
Other Names:
Experimental: 2
Propofol-butorphanol combined anesthesia
Drug: Butorphanol Tartrate
Combined anesthesia with propofol (2-2.5 mg/kg) and butorphanol (1mg)
Other Names:
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|19 Years to 45 Years (Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- ASA status I-II;
- Performing abortion operation (medical- or drug-induced);
- Requiring painless abortion;
Exclusion Criteria:
- < 19yrs, and >= 45yrs;
- History of central active drugs administration;
- Drug abuse;
- Hypertension;
- Diabetes;
- Any other chronic diseases;
- Allergy to the study drugs;
- Habit of over-volume alcohol drinking;
- Records of history of centrally active drug use and psychiatry;
- Any organic disorders.
Contacts and Locations
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below. For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00795314
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00795314
|China, Jiangsu
|Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
|Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210004
Sponsors and Collaborators
Nanjing Medical University
|Study Chair:
|XiaoFeng Shen, MD
|Nanjing Medical University
More Information
Keywords provided by Nanjing Medical University:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on August 17, 2017
|Responsible Party:
|XiaoFeng Shen, Nanjing Medical University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00795314 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|November 20, 2008
|Last Updated:
|July 14, 2009
Keywords provided by Nanjing Medical University:
General anesthesia
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Anesthetics, Intravenous
Anesthetics, General
Analgesics, Opioid
Sensory System Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
Adjuvants, Anesthesia
Antitussive Agents
Respiratory System Agents
Narcotic Antagonists
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on August 17, 2017


text:
Linksys - EF3116 - EtherFast 16-Port 10/100 Network SwitchItem#: L48-2304 | Model#: EF3116
Currently Out Of Stock!
Additional Resources
Linksys 16-Port Switch Product Details
Recommended Items
Manufactured by: Linksys by Cisco
Warranty provided by: Linksys by Cisco
UPC No: 745883553365
Mfg Part No: EF3116
Box Size:
( Length:23, Width:13, Depth:4)
Shipping Weight: 6.4000 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- Linksys by Cisco logos are registered trademarks of Linksys by Cisco. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


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Quantum DLT IV Data CartridgeItem#: Q22-4006 | Model#: THXKD-02
Currently Out Of Stock!
You May Consider This Alternative
Additional Resources
Product Details
Dependable Recording And Preservation Of Data
With the volume of information increasing exponentially, dependable recording and preservation of data is crucial to the successful operation of a corporation. One of the most critical links in this process is the quality of the backup tape itself. The Quantum DLTtape family of half-inch cartridge tapes, designed and formulated specifically for Quantum DLTtape drives, delivers what you need: Proven performance and durability.
- Native Capacity: 20GB
- Tape Type: Metal particle
- Overall Length (feet): 1,828
- Data Area Length (feet): 1,780
- Tape Width (inches): 0.498
- Tape Thickness (µ inches): 360
Manufactured by: Quantum
Warranty provided by: Quantum
UPC No: 768268016194
Mfg Part No: THXKD-02
Box Size:
( Length:5, Width:5, Depth:2)
Shipping Weight: 0.6000 pound(s)
Click here for full warranty and support information
- Quantum logos are registered trademarks of Quantum. All others trademarks and copyrights mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners.


text:
Advice for parents in a difficult time
Steps to watch for behavioral changes and to answer questions children may have.
Egg farm video was courageous
Reader applaudes shocking video from high school student.
Bashers not to blame
Reader disagrees with theory of guest commentary author.
Hope against hunger
Farm and Dairy reader enjoyed Norman Borlaug's presentation.
ATV riders should ask permission
This reader encourages ATV riders to ask first and ride later.
Letter writer off base
Reader says ATV riders are legally bound to respect farmers' property.
Animal 'rescue' actually endangered all
Reader: Agroterrorism poses a serious threat to both humans and animals.
I'll tolerate them, if they tolerate me
One reader would like to see farmers open their land to recreational ATV riders.
Evicting fair board is cheating youth of opportunity
Kellie L. Turner, a 4-H club adviser from Stow, Ohio, shares her frustration with the injustice she feels would be done to young people if the fair is evicted from the Summit County Fairgrounds.
CAUV recoupment stings
Ohio farmer says the Ohio Farm Bureau's support of legislation to extend CAUV recoupment to five years in the name of farmland preservation in not in the interest of the farmer.


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Import Tariffs
Customs duty is assessed on the fair market value of imported goods at the time they are landed in the UK. Import prices for products entering the UK from non-EU states generally consist of: Cost, Insurance, Freight and Duty, with VAT of 15% levied on the aggregate value. This sum is the exporter's "landed cost, duty paid."
The commercial invoice value is usually accepted as the normal price, but if a preferential arrangement has been established between the overseas supplier and the importer, or an unrealistic value has been declared, HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) reserves the right to assess a fair market value for duty purposes. The duty is payable at the time the goods are imported, but established importers can defer payment for an average of 30 days. In addition to customs duties on imported goods, an excise tax is levied on in-country sales of alcohol, tobacco, and road vehicles, and on sales of oil and petroleum products.
The applicable import duty and excise tax rates can be obtained from U.S. Department of Commerce Export Assistance Centers, and copies of the tariff can be purchased from HMRC Stationery Office.
In March 2004, as a result of the WTO ruling concluding that U.S. FSC/ETI provisions of the Internal Revenue Code constituted prohibited export subsidies, the European Union imposed additional duties to a number of products, in retaliation to the BYRD Amendment. EC Regulation 673/2005 allows the EC to raise or lower retaliatory rates dependant on the subsidies the US paid its companies. In effect this means each year the additional rate of duty or the scope of the goods covered could be adjusted as necessary to provide balance.


text: Johann was a former Mesan genetic slave and a member of the Audubon Ballroom. (CS1) Retrieved from "http://honorverse.wikia.com/wiki/Johann?oldid=63291" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Characters Genetic Slaves Audobon Ballroom Characters Add category Cancel Save


text: McCall 4174 ©1941 Contents[show] Links to reviews/blog posts Edit Sources/Vendors Edit Patterns from the Past: Bust 29" Gallery Edit [insert your photos of this pattern made up] Wishlist Edit Retrieved from "http://vintagepatterns.wikia.com/wiki/McCall_4174?oldid=709305" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Vintage Sewing Patterns McCall 1940s Dresses McCalls 1941 Contrast Gathers Yoke Front button closing Flared Skirts Inverted Pleats Insets Tie Ends Stripes Bishop Sleeves Long Sleeves Gathered Sleeves Buttoned Cuffs Short Sleeves Add category Cancel Save


text:
Design and baseline characteristics of the ParkFit study, a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a multifaceted behavioral program to increase physical activity in Parkinson patients
- Authors
- Journal
- BMC Neurology 1471-2377
- Publisher
- Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.)
- Publication Date
- Identifiers
- Source
- Legacy
- Keywords
- Disciplines
Background Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) lead a sedentary lifestyle. Promotion of physical activities may beneficially affect the clinical presentation of PD, and perhaps even modify the course of PD. However, because of physical and cognitive impairments, patients with PD require specific support to increase their level of physical activity. Methods We developed the ParkFit Program: a PD-specific and multifaceted behavioral program to promote physical activity. The emphasis is on creating a behavioral change, using a combination of accepted behavioral motivation techniques. In addition, we designed a multicentre randomized clinical trial to investigate whether this ParkFit Program increases physical activity levels over two years in sedentary PD patients. We intended to include 700 sedentary patients. Primary endpoint is the time spent on physical activities per week, which will be measured every six months using an interview-based 7-day recall. Results In total 3453 PD patients were invited to participate. Ultimately, 586 patients - with a mean (SD) age of 64.1 (7.6) years and disease duration of 5.3 (4.5) years - entered the study. Study participants were younger, had a shorter disease duration and were less sedentary compared with eligible PD patients not willing to participate. Discussion The ParkFit trial is expected to yield important new evidence about behavioral interventions to promote physical activity in sedentary patients with PD. The results of the trial are expected in 2012. Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov (nr NCT00748488).