text:
Neal W. Pollock, PhD, Editor-in-Chief
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (WEM) is the official journal of the Wilderness Medical Society. It is published quarterly and is devoted to original scientific and technical contributions related in whole or in part to wilderness or environmental medicine. Non-solicited manuscripts are considered for the following categories:
• Original Research: Original studies of basic or clinical research in areas relevant to wilderness medicine. Preferred 3000-3500 words maximum (not including abstract, tables, figs, or references).
• Brief Reports: Preliminary findings or small sample-sized studies that generate new hypotheses for further research. Reports should generally follow the guidelines under Preparation of Manuscripts and be limited to approximately 1500-2000 words (not including abstract, tables, figs and references), with no more than approximately 10 references.
• Case Reports: Brief descriptions of unique wilderness medicine problems or situations. Include narrative abstract, introduction, and discussion of implications. Preferred 2000-word maximum (not including abstract, tables, figs, or references).
• Review Articles: Extensive, well-referenced reviews of the literature on a narrow clinical topic. Preferred 3500-word maximum (not including abstract, tables, figs, or references); no more than 100 references.
• Concepts: Descriptions of clinical and non-clinical wilderness medical problems and solutions. Articles may focus on practical "how-to" management techniques and/or new approaches to the planning, management, or provision of wilderness medical services. Preferred 3500-word maximum (not including abstract, tables, figs, or references).
• Letters to the Editor: Observations, opinions, current topics and/or corrections on topics appearing in WEM, generally not to exceed 1000 words or 4 double-spaced pages, with a maximum of 10 references, one of which should be to the recent WEM article if applicable. Original scientific work is usually not considered appropriate for a Letter.
•Letters in Reply: Replies by authors should not exceed 1000 words of text and 11 references inclusive of the article at issue and the inciting letter.
• Editorials: Commentaries on major current issues or controversies with significant implications for wilderness medicine, generally not to exceed 1500 words (or 6 double-spaced pages) plus references if appropriate.
•Viewpoint: Solicited debate format article on a specific question, usually based on a controversial topic of interest to our readers in which two parties with legitimate opposing perspectives present arguments to support their viewpoints. This category allows more editorial freedom than most other categories, but the basis of these viewpoints should include scientifically sound arguments supported by available evidence as well as personal experience and perspective. The author(s) of both viewpoints will provide a manuscript to support their stance on the question, followed by a second manuscript to rebut the viewpoint expressed by the other author(s). In general, the initial manuscript will be limited to approximately 1,500 words (excluding references) with approximately 20 references, and the rebuttal will be limited to approximately 1,000 words. No abstract is required, but a brief introduction stating the writer's viewpoint should be included as part of the text. Figures and tables may be used.
• Lessons from History: Classic papers in the medical literature relating to wilderness medicine. Such papers should have been first to describe a new problem, providing new information about old subjects, or describing new, effective methods of treatment or prevention. A complete reference citation of the original article and a commentary about the article should accompany the submission. Preferred 3000- word maximum (not including figs or references).
• Clinical Images: Pictures that teach something about wilderness medicine, as well as tell an engaging story. The focus will be on clinical images, each accompanied by text explaining the photograph and briefly reviewing the diagnosis and treatment of the condition it illustrates. 1000-1500 words (not including figs and references), with no more than 5 references.
• Wilderness Images: High-quality, high-resolution (300 dpi) digital images of wilderness subjects. Include photo title and description (2-3 sentences) and the appropriate photographer's credit line.
• Wilderness Essays: Personal essays or anecdotes relating to the wilderness and medicine. Preferred 3000-word maximum.
• Wilderness Instructor: Articles on wilderness medicine education at any level, focusing on course design and development, course analysis and evaluation, or teaching techniques. Preferred 2000-word maximum (not including figures or references).
• Book Reviews: Please contact the Editorial Office (email@example.com) for more information.
•WMS Practice Guidelines: Please contact the Editorial Office (firstname.lastname@example.com) for more information.
Pertinent topics include, but are not limited to medical, physiological, pharmacological, and expeditionary considerations of: high altitude and climbing; hypothermia and cold-induced injuries; heat/cold-related disorders; weather-related phenomena and natural environmental disasters; toxinology; drowning and near-drowning; diving and barotrauma; hazardous plants, reptiles, insects, and marine animals; ethnobotany; animal attacks; medicine practiced in rugged environments; tropical disease and immunizations; search and rescue; ethical and legal issues.
To submit your manuscript electronically, go to: http://ees.elsevier.com/wemj/ and sign in as a new author. You will be able to create a log-in name and password for your use only.
Manuscripts are considered for publication in WEM with the understanding that neither the manuscript nor any part of its text, figures, or tables have been published in, accepted for publication in, or submitted at the same time to another journal. This does not preclude consideration of a complete report that follows publication of preliminary findings elsewhere, such as in the form of an abstract.When submitting a paper, the author should make a full statement to the Editor about all submissions and previous reports that might be regarded as prior or duplicate publication of the same or very similar work. Copies of such material should be included with the submitted paper to help the Editor decide how to deal with the matter.
WEM endorses the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals guidelines(International Committee of Medical Journal Editors [ICMJE]) which are available here: http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf. WEM uses the American Medical Association Manual of Style 10th edition and the Chicago Manual of Style 16th edition, for editorial style.English Language: WEM accepts international manuscripts in English. Authors whose first language is not English are encouraged to secure assistance of a native English speaker to ensure proper English usage. Elsevier offers a professional English editing service which authors may use at their own expense. Please visit http://webshop.elsevier.com/languageservices/languageediting/for more information.
Accepted manuscripts are subject to editorial changes, and the paper becomes the permanent property of WEM and may not be published elsewhere without permission. The Editor reserves the right to edit manuscripts to comply with WEM's format, remove redundancies, and improve clarity without altering the meaning.
Please include the following files:
1. Cover letter to Editor Dr. Neal W. Pollock providing corresponding author's information (name, address, telephone and email address) and stating the category of article the manuscript represents. Optional: suggest two or three potential Peer Reviewers whom you deem appropriate and knowledgeable to review your manuscript; include contact information and email addresses.
3. Tables and figures as separate, individual files.4. Each author on a submitted manuscript must complete and submit an ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. The form can be downloaded here: http://www.icmje.org/downloads/coi_disclosure.pdf The form must be filled out online, saved to your computer, and uploaded with your submission.
5. If appropriate, a copy of the permission to reproduce previously published materials from the publisher or owner of the material.Authors are responsible for assuring they have consent to use photographs of identifiable individuals, permission for the use of personal communications, and approval for acknowledgment from all individuals referred to in the acknowledgment section.
Note that copyright release forms are not required at submission, and will be sent automatically to corresponding authors along with the first proofs for review.Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
Open access
This journal offers authors a choice in publishing their research:
• Articles are freely available to both subscribers and the wider public with permitted reuse.
• An open access publication fee is payable by authors or on their behalf, e.g. by their research funder or institution.
• Articles are made available to subscribers as well as developing countries and patient groups through our universal access programs.
• No open access publication fee payable by authors.
Regardless of how you choose to publish your article, the journal will apply the same peer review criteria and acceptance standards.For open access articles, permitted third party (re)use is defined by the following Creative Commons user licenses:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
For non-commercial purposes, lets others distribute and copy the article, and to include in a collective work (such as an anthology), as long as they credit the author(s) and provided they do not alter or modify the article.
Authors can share their research in a variety of different ways and Elsevier has a number of green open access options available. We recommend authors see our green open access page for further information. Authors can also self-archive their manuscripts immediately and enable public access from their institution's repository after an embargo period. This is the version that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and in editor-author communications. Embargo period: For subscription articles, an appropriate amount of time is needed for journals to deliver value to subscribing customers before an article becomes freely available to the public. This is the embargo period and it begins from the date the article is formally published online in its final and fully citable form. Find out more.
Format manuscript in a Word document in 12-point Times New Roman font, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins on 8.5 x 11-inch page with continuous line numbering and pages numbered in upper right with Title page as page 1.
Authorship: All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship. Include first names of the author, NOT initials. The order of authorship should be a joint decision of the co-authors. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content. Authorship credit should be based only on substantial contributions: (l) to conception and design or to analysis and interpretation of data; (2) to drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and (3) to final approval of the version to be published.
General supervision of the research group is not sufficient for authorship.
The title page (page 1) should contain (1) a concise and informative title; (2) an identified short running head (short title) of no more than 40 characters, including spaces; (3) the first name (spelled out), middle initial, and last name of each author with highest academic degree (s) and institutional affiliation; (4) contact information for the corresponding author; and (5) if applicable, an indication that the work described in the manuscript was formally presented at a scientific meeting with inclusion of the name, date, and location of the meeting.
All manuscripts that are reports of original data from scientific investigations (Original Research and Brief Report categories) must be submitted with a structured abstract of no more than 250 words with the following headings: Objective, Methods (include information on design, setting, participants, interventions, and main outcomes measured), Results, and Conclusions.
Case Reports, Review Articles, Wilderness Instructor, and Concept articles should include a narrative abstract of 250 words or less and outline the purpose of the article, major findings, and recommendations.Abstracts for Review Articles should also specify how the literature was searched and how cited articles were chosen.
Immediately following the abstract (not on a separate page), include 2-6 key words or short phrases that will assist indexers in cross-indexing your article and that may be published with the abstract. Use terms from the medical subject headings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus.
Introduction. Clearly state the purpose of the article. Summarize the rationale for the study, report, or observation. Give only strictly pertinent references, and do not review the subject extensively. Do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.
Methods. Describe the selection of the observational or experimental subjects, including controls. Identify the methods, apparatus (manufacturer's name and address, i.e., city, state, province, and country in parentheses), and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Give references to established methods, including the statistical methods; provide references and brief descriptions of methods that have been published but are not well known; and describe new or substantially modified methods. Precisely identify all drugs and chemicals used, including generic name(s) and route(s) of administration. Proprietary names may be included, but should be capitalized, enclosed in parentheses, and should follow the generic names.Statistics. All statistical techniques must be clearly identified and referenced where appropriate. Describe statistical methods with enough detail to enable a reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results. When possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty. Discuss eligibility of experimental subjects, randomization, methods of blinding, treatment complications, numbers of observations, and losses to observation.
Put general descriptions of statistical methods in the Methods section. When data are summarized in the Results section, specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Restrict tables and figures to those needed to explain the argument of the paper and to assess its support. Use graphs as an alternative to tables with many entries: do not duplicate data in graphs and tables.
All studies involving human or animal research must indicate approval by an institution's human or animal subject review board (IRB). Authors should confirm that written informed consent was obtained from all human subjects or that this requirement was waived by the review committee.
Clinical Trials. A clinical trial is defined as "any research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes." As per the Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects and the policy of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, any clinical trial under consideration for publication must be registered with http://ClinicalTrials.gov (United States) or a WHO approved trial registry (http://www.who.int/ictrp/network/primary/en/index.html). The trial registry number should be included in the Methods section of the paper. Trials that have not been registered should provide an explanation, with the understanding that not registering a trial may be sufficient grounds for rejection.
Present the results in a logical sequence, using tables and illustrations where possible. Include numbers of observations and statistical significance of the findings when appropriate. Do not repeat data found in the tables or illustrations in the text. Report measurements to the appropriate number of significant digits and in Système International units.
Emphasize the new and important aspects of both the study and the conclusions that follow from them. Do not repeat in detail data given in the Introduction or the Results sections. Include in the Discussion the implications of the findings and their limitations, including implications for future research. Relate the observations to other relevant studies. Link the conclusions with the goals of the study, but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not completely supported by the data. Clearly label new hypotheses. Appropriate recommendations may be included.
Conclusions. The Discussion should end with a section that includes a short paragraph stating the main findings and implications of your research.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
One or more statements should specify (1) contributions that need acknowledging but do not justify authorship, such as general support by a departmental chairman; and (2) acknowledgments of technical help. Acknowledgments of financial and material support are to be placed in the Financial/Material Support Statment described below.
Author Contributions
Listing each author's contribution to the work is required for submission. The contributing authors should be identified by their initials in parenthesis after each category. The following categories should be used as appropriate: Study concept and design; obtaining funding; acquisition of the data; analysis of the data; drafting of the manuscript; critical revision of the manuscript; and approval of final manuscript.
Authors are required to disclose any financial and/or material support in the form of grants, equipment, and/or drugs; and to specify the nature of the support. If there is none, it should be stated as Financial/Material Support: None.
Disclosure Statement
Authors are required to disclose any potential conflicts of interest, both commercial and professional. These include patent-licensing agreements, stock ownership or other equity interest, consultancies, institutional affiliations, and corporate sponsorship. If there are none, it should be stated as Disclosures: None.
Number references consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in the text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals. References cited only in tables or in legends should be numbered in accordance with a sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or illustration. Inclusive pages must be given for all references. The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used in PubMed and italicized. References to written communications may be inserted (in parentheses) into the text. The references must be verified by the author(s) against the original documents. When in doubt, refer to the American Medical Association Manual of Style, 10th edition. Examples of correct forms of reference are:
Standard journal article (List all authors when 6 or less; when 7 or more, list only the first 3 and add et al.)
1. Hackett PH, Roach PC. Medical therapy of altitude illness. Ann Emerg Med. 1987; 16:980-986.
2. Schantz EJ. Historical perspective on paralytic shellfish poisoning. In: Ragelis EP, ed. Seafood Toxins. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society; 1984:99-111.
Entire book
3. Auerbach PS, ed. Wilderness Medicine. 5th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc; 2007.
4. Vivian VL, ed. Child abuse and neglect: a medical community response. Proceedings of the First AMA National Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect; 1984 Mar 30-31; Chicago, Ill. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association; 1985.
In press
5. Lillywhite HB, Donald IA. Pulmonary blood flow regulation in an aquatic snake. Science. In press.
6. Paal P, Strapazzon G, Braun P, et al. Factors affecting survival from avalanche burial-a randomized prospective porcine pilot study. Resuscitation 2012 [Epub ahead of print].
Web-based references are not allowed except under extraordinary circumstances. Internet pages and links change frequently, and are often obsolete by the time the manuscript goes to press. If the author wishes to include a web-based reference, they must describe in the cover letter their search for an appropriate published reference and justify the reasons that a web-based reference must be included.
Do not include "personal communications" in the list of references. The following forms may be used in the text:
"In a conversation with D. C. Cummings, MD (August 2006) ..."
"According to a letter from D. C. Cummings, MD, in August 2006..."
"Similar finds have been noted by D. C. Cummings, MD, (written communication, August 2006)..."
NOTE: Author must submit written permission from the person whose "personal communication" is cited.
7. Oguro, M, Imahiro, S, Saito, S, Nakashizuka, T. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions, Mendeley Data, v1; 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions as a separate section of the text; do not attach to the figures. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables and Figures should not be included in the manuscript document but uploaded as separate individual documents as directed in the submission system.
- Cite each table in the text in consecutive order as Table 1, Table 2, etc.
- Format each table double-spaced in a separate Word document file.
- Do not submit tables as photographs.
- Number each table consecutively in the order of its first citation in the text, and supply a brief title.
- Give each column a short heading. Place explanatory matter in footnotes, not in the heading.
- Explain in footnotes all non-standard abbreviations.
- Identify statistical measures of variation such as standard deviation and standard error of the mean.
- Omit internal horizontal and vertical rules.
- If data are used from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge fully.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (for more information on this and copyright, see External link http://www.elsevier.com/copyright). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations (please consult External link http://www.elsevier.com/permissions). If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases: please consult External link http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.For open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete an 'Exclusive License Agreement' (for more information see External link http://www.elsevier.com/OAauthoragreement). Permitted third party reuse of open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license (see External link http://www.elsevier.com/openaccesslicenses).
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. For more information see External link http://www.elsevier.com/copyright.
Authors can share their research in a variety of different ways and Elsevier has a number of green open access options available. We recommend authors see our green open access page for further information (External link http://elsevier.com/greenopenaccess). Authors can also self-archive their manuscripts immediately and enable public access from their institution's repository after an embargo period. This is the version that has been accepted for publication and which typically includes author-incorporated changes suggested during submission, peer review and in editor-author communications. Embargo period: For subscription articles, an appropriate amount of time is needed for journals to deliver value to subscribing customers before an article becomes freely available to the public. This is the embargo period and begins from the publication date of the issue your article appears in.
This journal has an embargo period of 12 months.FIGURES
- Cite each figure in the text in consecutive order as Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.
- Include a separate figure legend in the manuscript text.
- Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork. Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font. Only use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Helvetica, Times, Symbol.
- Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text. Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
- Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
- " Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
- EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics."
- TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
- TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
- TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
- DOC, XLS: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is."
Please do not:
- Supply embedded graphics in your word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document.
- Supply files that are optimized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
- Supply files that are too low in resolution.
- Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
PLEASE READ CAREFULLYThe Journal uses a streamlined production process that takes authors' files straight to typesetting from the submission system. The specifications listed here will ensure your submitted artwork will transition smoothly to production. Following these instructions also ensures that you will create the smallest possible file size, which will speed the file upload step of the submission process.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available on our website:
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Important Notes:
- Figures submitted at dimensions and resolutions greater than those specified above make digital file sizes larger and, therefore, can take longer to upload and access. Specifically, attempting to load figure files that exceed 14 MB can cause a delay in the submission process.
- Be sure that when your figures are reduced that the text is still readable and the images meet our resolution requirements.
- Images created for or captured from a computer screen or the Web are not optimal for printing purposes because they are down-sampled to ˜72 dpi.
- Please submit only high-resolution images. Do not submit files that have been "up-sampled" from low-resolution originals.
- TIFF images, even when saved at the proper size and resolution, can be quite large and may take a long time to transfer over the Internet.
- Color: There is no charge for black and white figures and tables. Color may be considered for certain figures at the discretion of the Editor. Unless otherwise stated, all color figures will appear in black and white in print and in color online. In graphs, pattern fills are often a better choice than color fills. When using color in graphs and line art, use bold, dark colors that differ significantly from one another. Light colors do not reproduce well on a screen or in print.
NOTE: Colors appear/reproduce differently depending on the type of monitor and printer being used. Color on monitors is displayed as RGB, whereas the Journal is published using CMYK.The quality of your figures will only be as good as the lowest-resolution element placed in them. In other words, if you place a 72 dpi line graph in a 600 dpi TIFF, the result is still a 72 dpi image, which is unacceptable for print purposes. Be sure your originals are submitted at the required resolution.
Warning! Some programs may down-sample your images to low resolution. Do not use the "optimize for web" wizard in PowerPoint for any figures you intend to use in print. JPEG uses a glossy data compression technique, and every time you re-save a JPEG, resolution is lost. Please submit first generation JPEGs only.PEER REVIEW
The manuscript will be referred to acknowledged expert peer reviewers and, if appropriate, an Associate or Section Editor, prior to the Editor's decision regarding publication. Reviewers are advised that they should recuse themselves from review of the submission if a conflict of interest exists. If necessary, the manuscript will be returned to the author(s) for revision(s) prior to a final decision. All attempts are made to obtain prompt reviews and a decision regarding need for revision, acceptance, or rejection.
After receiving a decision from the Editor and revising the manuscript as instructed, the final revision should include: a cover letter to Editor-in-Chief Dr. Neal W. Pollock explaining revisions based on reviewers' comments (including a point-by-point response to each of the Reviewers' comments), the final/revised manuscript and accompanying files. Upload revisions to http://ees.elsevier.com/wemj/.
Once your article is accepted for publication, galley proofs in pdf format will be sent via e-mail to the corresponding author for correction prior to publication. The difficulty and expense involved in making amendments at the proof stage make it essential for authors to carefully prepare the original manuscript. Please be aware that alterations to the original text at the proof stage are strongly discouraged and may result in charges to the author. To enable rapid publication, the authors are encouraged to return all correspondence within 48 hours.
Each author on a submitted manuscript must complete and submit an ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. The form can be downloaded here: http://www.icmje.org/downloads/coi_disclosure.pdf
Authors must also disclose in their manuscript, ahead of the References, any commercial and professional relationships that might pose a conflict of interest. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine journal guidelines require that the Editor-in-Chief, Associate Editors, Editorial Board, and the Section Editors be excluded from the editorial process if listed as an author on a submitted manuscript.DATA
Authors must keep original data and statistical analyses for 5 years after publication to allow for repetition or examination by others if necessary. Regional, institutional, or governmental guidelines may require authors to keep information for a longer time period.
Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley and Zotero, as well as EndNote. Using the word processor plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. AUTHOR INQUIRIES
For inquiries relating to submitting a manuscript (including electronic submission), please visit External link http://ees.elsevier.com/wemj/. For detailed instructions on the preparation of electronic artwork, please visit External link http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. Contact details for questions arising after acceptance of an article, especially those relating to proofs, will be provided by the publisher. You can track accepted articles at External link http://www.elsevier.com/trackarticle. You can also check our Author FAQs at External linkhttp://www.elsevier.com/authorFAQ and/or contact Customer Support via External link http://support.elsevier.com.
Additional questions regarding your submission? Please contact:
Alicia Byrne, Managing Editor
Wilderness and Environmental Medicine


text:
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I am a teenage kitten with lots of energy, so toys, strings and a cat tree is a must for me. I will chase a laser pointer, play with toys and climb on cat tree up and down to burn my energy and will make you laughing showing you my silly games.
I am a very handsome orange tabby boy with orange eyes, check out few pictires of me and my video here, since I am a tabby cat I have a distinctive 'M' marking on my forehead.
All tabbies have thin pencil lines on their faces, expressive markings around the eyes, and a distinct letter "M" on their foreheads. Some believe the "M" is for Mau, the word for "cat" in ancient Egypt. Others think the "M" stands for Mohammed, who loved tabbies. Still others believe it is the blessing of the Virgin Mary. So you see I am very special boy!
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I am a very social, affectionate and I am a very interactive kitty.
If you got one of those cat toys that look like mice- well I will chase it, throw it in the air and will keep you laughing.
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I love hanging with people and always be in the center of attention.
Did you know that orange tabby cats are also Famous?
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Garfield is neutered, up to date on his shots (Distemper and Rabies), and Microchiped. Litter box trained. FIV-FeLV negative.
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$95.00 per kitten/young cat (under 1 year old) x $160.00 for a pair of kittens
$85.00 per adult cat (over 1 year old) x $150.00 for a pair
Thanks for your interest in adopting your future friend! All of our cats and kittens are housed in individual foster homes (not a shelter). Please contact us if you have any questions regarding our cats or kittens and to fill out an Adoption Application, which our adoption coordinator will email to you.
If you have any questions, please email us: email@example.com
The adoption process:
1) You fill out an Adoption Application.
2) Our Adoption Coordinator contacts you via email to let you know the application has been received and calls you with questions about your application, checks references, and discusses which cats/kittens might be a good match.
3) If the application is approved, the Adoption Coordinator will put you in touch with the appropriate foster home(s) so you can schedule a time to meet the cats/kittens that interest you most.
Once you meet the cats/kittens you'd like to adopt, you let the foster parent and Adoption Coordinator know your choice.
4) We bring the foster cat/kitten(s) to your home and do a walk through your home to make sure your home is safe for a pet.
5) Adoption contract is signed, adoption fee is paid, and we give you information to help your new family member settle in. We can provide the information about the cat/kitten(s) diet, preventative veterinary care, training...
And if you have any question a week, a month, or a year after adoption, we are here to help! If for some reason the adoption doesn't work out, we always take the cat/kitten back.
ASHER/ lap cat/ FIV+ lover boy
Thank You!
Your message has been sent to Cat Chance Rescue.
You'll receive a copy, too, at to help you keep track of which pets you've inquired about, and which shelters and rescues you've emailed.
NOTE: Some shelters have physical locations you can visit; some of these shelters may only have pets for a limited time, so please do not wait for a reply—just go visit the shelter! Other organizations are rescue groups run by busy volunteers who may take a while to reply. You can find information about the shelter or rescue group caring for this pet, and their adoption procedures, on the pet's details page on Adopt-a-Pet.com.
Contact this Rescue Group about Garfield/dog alike personality again.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
284 F2d 360 Clawson v. United States
284 F.2d 360
Raymond W. CLAWSON, Appellant,
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
No. 16971.
United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.
Dec. 6, 1960, Rehearing Denied Jan. 12, 1961.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California, Central Division; Leon R. Yankwich, Judge.
Russell E. Parsons, Los Angeles, Cal., for appellant.
Laughlin E. Waters, U.S. Atty., Robert J. Jensen, Thomas R. Sheridan, Asst. U.S. Attys., Los Angeles, Cal., for appellee.
Before BARNES, HAMLIN and JERTBERG, Circuit Judges.
The judgment of the district court finding appellant guilty of criminal contempt of court in violation of Title 18 U.S.C. 401(3) is affirmed.


text:
Coke Zero
Choose a personalized Coke Zero bottle, select your favorite pictures, tag your friends and publish to your wall so everyone can enjoy the most wonderful moments of your life! At the end, the pictures you've chosen, will pop out of the bottle shaped on Zero's because with Coke Zero the more Zero's the better!
Free • 301


text:
|First appearance
|8th July 2013
|Number of appearances
|Played by
|Lamar Ricketts
The Customer of Nick's Bistro had an altercation with David Platt when he tried to enter the establishment in July 2013. David had just witnessed a sympathetic moment in the bar between his wife Kylie and his half-brother Nick Tilsley who he knew had had a fling on the previous Christmas Day and he stormed out. He barged between the customer and his girlfriend. When he remonstrated with him David turned back and looked him in the eye, asking him to repeat his comment. Something in David's expression unnerved the customer and he in turn stammered an apology, saying that he didn't want any trouble. "Yeah, you might not" was David's reply before he continued onwards.


text:
Posted by peskypippi | Posted in Children, Cooking, Humor, Ideas, Mothering, Recipes | Posted on 17-05-2012
Tags: children, healthy, kids, parenting, protein, smoothies, snack, treat
Here's a recipe (and a how-to video starring Pippi) for easy fruit-and-protein smoothies you can make for your kids. These make a great, healthy after-school snack.
Here's what you need:
- Blender
- Milk (or flavored yogurt such as peach or raspberry…or orange sherbet is even yummier)
- Frozen berries (strawberries, blueberries)
- Protein powder (I selected whey-based protein powder that is pretty much flavorless)
- Banana (the browner, the better)
As you'll see from the video, the kids
love like tolerate these. The reception from my youngest was "huh."
You see, I forgot that they prefer smoothies made with yogurt instead of milk. Or better yet, orange sherbet. But who wants to shoot another video? Not me.
Smooth move, Pippi…


text:
Paisano's Pizza Gainesville offers true gourmet pizza, using the finest ingredients. Taste the difference for yourself, and find out why Paisano's has become the top choice in italian restaurants Gainesville, Va has to offer. Should you ever find yourself searching for a fantastic place that'll deliver delicious food to you in Gainesville, Va, Pizza Paisano's fits the bill perfectly! We also deliver to Gainesville's surrounding areas. Please call us at (703) 753-5900 today!
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text:
For more than seven decades, Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service has been a champion for migrants and refugees from around the globe. Our legacy of courageous and compassionate service has made a difference in the lives of hundreds of thousands of people who have sought safety and hope in America's communities. Our history reflects American Lutherans' deep immigrant roots and passionate commitment to welcoming newcomers.
For a detailed look at LIRS's decades of service, we recommend Open Doors: The Story of Lutherans Resettling Refugees by Richard W. Solberg, published in 1992 by Concordia Publishing House.
The Rev. Stephen Bouman and Ralston Deffenbaugh offer theological and historical perspectives on the Lutheran commitment to caring for the sojourner in They Are Us: Lutherans and Immigration published by in 2008 by Augsburg Fortress. The foreword is by the Rev. Dr. Martin Marty. Bouman's passion and Deffenbaugh's pragmatic accounts make this an excellent resource for discussion.
Mission Timeline
- The New York-based National Lutheran Council (NLC), begun in 1918 to respond to such post-World War I needs as immigration and refugee resettlement, sets up a Welfare Department with an office for the "rehabilitation and placement of Lutheran refugees." The department's head, Lutheran pastor Clarence E. Krumbholz, oversees the office. It helps 522 refugees in the first year.
- The U.S. entry into World War II virtually shuts down refugee resettlement.
- The NLC establishes a program of congregational outreach to connect Lutheran refugees with local Lutheran churches that can provide the refugees with social support.
- With the end of the war, refugee camps spring up in Germany, Austria and Italy for displaced persons (DPs) from Eastern Europe, one-third of whom are Lutherans.
- NLC leaders incorporate a separate agency, Lutheran World Relief (LWR), to contribute to meeting widespread needs in post-war Europe.
- In recognition of their work resettling refugees in the United States Ralph Long, Executive Director of the NLC; P.O Bersell, President of the Augustana Lutheran Church; and Lawrence B. Meyer, Executive Director of the Emergency Planning Council of The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod arrive in Europe to begin laying the groundwork for a program promoting the reconstruction of Lutheran churches.
- The trickle of refugees who get into the United States under regular immigration quotas includes a group of 21 teenage boys, most of whom are Estonian Lutherans.
- The U.S. Congress passes an act authorizing the admission of 205,000 eligible DPs.
- The constituting convention of the Lutheran World Federation(LWF) in Lund, Sweden, makes helping refugees a priority.
- Sylvester C. Michelfelder becomes the first general secretary for the Refugee Department of Lutheran World Federation.
- The Lutheran World Convention establishes a permanent service to refugees in Germany and Austria. Howard Hong, a professor from St. Olaf College, is named director. Based on his work Hong submits a proposal plan for a Resettlement and Emigration division of the LWF.
- Cordelia Cox, a social work educator, joins the NLC staff as the first full-time director of what will become the Lutheran Resettlement Service (LRS). She serves until 1958.
- The first Lutheran DPs arrive in the United States on October 30, 1948.
- The U.S. Congress passes the DP Act. In order to meet requirements LWF opens 24 resettlement offices in DP camps.
- The staff of the Lutheran Resettlement Service grows from its original three members to 125 during the peak of the DP resettlement program.
- The first supervisory committee forms to represent churches that comprise the National Lutheran Council. Membership is offered to Missouri Synod members in areas where the synod collaborates with the resettlement program.
- LRS releases the promotional video "Answers for Anne." The video is filmed in a DP camp near Nurnberg, Germany and speakers address congregations asking for support and sponsors.
- Congress passes an Amendment to the DP program which raises the number of DPs admitted into the U.S. from 205,000 to 341,000, plus 54,733 ethnic Germans expelled from various countries. It also grants a one-year extension to the program, which is later extended an additional six months.
- The Dossier Program generates profiles of DPs in the camps to be circulated to perspective sponsors in the United States.
- The newly formed United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) assumes responsibility for the protection of refugees worldwide.
- The admission of DPs ends December 31, 1951, with LRS having resettled 30,263.
- LRS representatives are active in a Presidential Commission on Immigration and Naturalization that develops the report "Who Else Shall We Welcome." The report is written in response to the Immigration and Nationality Act, also known as the McCArren-Walter Act, which many viewed as discriminatory due to the restrictions it placed on immigration into the United States.
- Congress passes the Refugee Relief Act, admitting 209,000 refugees, primarily more expelled ethnic Germans and people fleeing East Germany.
- The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod, although not a NLC member, joins LRS for the resettlement of the latest refugee groups.
- LRS begins distribution of the monthly publication "Report to Area Committees." The reports contained a mix of official information and human interest stories.
- Through numbers taken from the Refugee Relief Act and a parole provision in the regular immigration law, the United States admits 21,500 refugees fleeing a tightened Soviet hold on Hungary. LRS eventually resettles 1,593 Hungarian refugees.
- Admissions end under the 1953 act, with LRS having resettled a total of 16,006 refugees.
- In a shift of emphasis to serving immigrants and referring them to local Lutheran congregations, the NLC establishes an office called Service to Immigrants for this purpose. It is headed by attorney Vernon Bergstrom, who is soon also put in charge of the refugee service.
- The U.N.-initiated observance of a World Refugee Year includes advocacy by LRS for the admission of more refugees to the United States and a more inclusive vision of whom LRS should serve.
- Fidel Castro overthrows Cuba's dictatorship and imposes a communist government, triggering a flow of refugees to the United States that has continued to this day.
- The emphasis of programs within LRS shift from resettlement of refugees to social care of immigrants, resulting in the creation of Lutheran Immigration Service (LIS), which brings together the services of LRS and SI.
- Vernon Bergstrom, director of LRS, addresses the annual meeting of the NLC with an appeal for greater advocacy. Based in part on analysis from a paper entitled "immigration Policy: Moral Issues and the National Interest," Bergstrom urges Lutherans to write their elected officials and call for an increase in the number of refugees the U.S. would admit. He also describes the shifting waves of immigration explaining that Africa, Asia, and the Middle East were becoming a greater focus for the work of LRS.
- Donald E. Anderson, formerly a resettlement officer with the World Council of Churches and LWF in Europe, succeeds Bergstrom as head of the successor body to LRS, which is known as the Lutheran Immigration Service (LIS), and serves until 1975.
- The United States admits as parolees up to 7,000 Chinese refugees flooding into Hong Kong. LIS resettles 300.
- Congress passes the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, which authorizes a resettlement program for Cuban refugees. The Act is also the first time the federal government offers financial reimbursement to state and local agencies for the cash assistance they provide to refugees.
- With support from LIS, the Miami Lutheran Refugee Service begins three years of assistance to some 12,000 Cuban refugees.
- Passage of an immigration reform act, Public Law 89-236, modifies many of the discriminatory provisions of the previous national origins quota system. The act also makes available 390,000 visas for immigrants each year, with a preference for reuniting families.
- Fidel Castro announces that all Cubans wishing to live in the United States are free to leave Cuba, resulting in an influx of refugees in the U.S. LIS makes the decision to take action by approving a grant of $35,000 to the Christian Community Service of Dade County.
- The NLC is succeeded by the Lutheran Council in the USA, of which the LC-MS is a full member. LIS becomes the council's Department of Immigration and Refugee Services, which for its public face uses the name Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service (LIRS).
- Undocumented Mexican nationals working in the United States are the focus of an LIRS study.
- Ugandan Dictator Idi Amin expels some 75,000 Ugandans of Indian origin, 2,000 of whom are admitted to the United States as parolees and resettled with direct federal funding to the voluntary agencies. LIRS places 600 of the total.
- The defeat of South Vietnam by North Vietnam triggers a flood of refugees from Southeast Asia. Within weeks LIRS goes from a four-staffer operation to one with more than 100 staff members. LIRS oversees the resettlement of 15,900 refugees by the end of the year—an all-time annual high.
- Passage and subsequent extensions of the Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act authorize a large federal role in funding resettlement.
- Ingrid Walter becomes acting director of LIRS, a position that is made official two years later in 1977. She serves until her retirement in 1985.
- LIRS resettles nearly 400 Chileans under a parole program for refugees resulting from a 1973 coup that brought Gen. Augusto Pinochet to power in Chile.
- LIRS resettles 145 Kurdish refugees from Iraq under a 1976-77 admissions program.
- A new federal program allows LIRS to initiate specialized resettlement services for unaccompanied refugee minors.
- Kenneth J. Stumpf is appointed to the newly created position of Coordinator for U.S. Immigration Concerns within LIRS. His primary focus is creating an Advocacy Task Force with an emphasis on forming a system of church-wide organizations that encourage discussions and education on issues surrounding immigration along with promoting action and feedback within the network.
- The 65 countries represented at an international conference on Indochinese refugees pledge to cooperate in sea rescues of fleeing "boat people" and to resettle 260,000 of them.
- LIRS administers a new Joint Voluntary Agency for processing boat people in Hong Kong and nearby Macau. The center serves 75,065 refugees over 15 years.
- The Refugee Act of 1980 defines refugees as persons unable or unwilling to return to their home countries "because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion." The act replaces the parole system for refugee admissions with an annual quota determined by the president after consultation with Congress. The initial quota is 50,000.
- An orderly admission of refugees is almost immediately upset when President Castro of Cuba opens the port of Mariel. The thousands who cross to Florida are processed not as refugees but as "entrants." LIRS sets up a program under which 8,298 Cuban and 2,257 Haitian entrants are resettled.
- The 100,000th refugee resettled by LIRS since World War II is Kao Lor, a farmer from Laos who begins a new life in Sioux Falls, SD, with his wife and daughter.
- Passage of the American Homecoming Act grants U.S. admission to 10,000 Amerasian children fathered by U.S. citizens.
- LIRS begins a Central American concerns program to respond to the needs of refugees from El Salvador seeking asylum in the United States. It soon expands to cover asylum seekers of any nationality.
- The Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America becomes a partner in Lutheran Church USA with a direct interest in LIRS.
- LIRS's first full-time representative takes up the work of covering immigration and refugee issues in Washington, D.C.
- Donald H. Larsen, an NLC and LCUSA executive, takes the helm of LIRS. His service continues until his sudden death in 1990.
- Passage of the Amerasian Homecoming Act grants U.S. admission to up to 10,000 children fathered by American GIs. Unlike the 1980 American Homecoming Act, this legislation also allows for admission of the children's mothers and siblings.
- At 42 "qualified designated entry" sites, some 5,000 eligible undocumented personsare processed for amnesty under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
- With a three-way merger forming the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, LCUSA ends. LIRS continues as an independent agency supported by the ELCA, LC-MS and LELCA.
- LIRS's newly constituted board of directors includes one seat for a refugee representative.
- An immigration attorney joins the LIRS staff to expand legal services to immigrants.
- An influx of Vietnamese refugees fleeing their country by boat and seeking asylum in other Southeast Asian countries prompts the international community to respond. The International Conference on Indochinese Refugees in Geneva takes place in June 1989 and involves representatives from voluntary agencies, including LIRS. The conference produces a Comprehensive Plan of Action put into effect by the International Conference in Geneva.
- The landmark Immigration Act of 1990 sets up a Temporary Protected Status for persons fleeing "generalized violence, civil war and natural disasters," strengthens family unity immigration provisions, and sets an annual immigration ceiling for the first time.
- The U.S. State Department recognizes LIRS as having the best national refugee resettlement program, a ranking it holds for the next four years.
- Ralston H. Deffenbaugh Jr., an attorney, becomes the agency's seventh head, serving until 2009.
- A military coup ousting Haiti's democratically elected government prompts the flight of thousands of refugees, many of whom are picked up at sea and returned to Haiti in violation of international law.
- A trip by members of the board of directors to Liberia, Malawi, Ethiopia and Kenya increases attention to the continent with the largest number of refugees and displaced persons.
- The first survivors of "ethnic cleansing" in former Yugoslavia, refugees from Bosnia, arrive for resettlement.
- New immigration reform, welfare reform and anti-terrorism laws greatly restrict the rights and benefits of immigrants and refugees seeking asylum.
- An escalating increase in detention of migrants and asylum seekers leads LIRS and two partners to form of the Detention Watch Network, which LIRS administers until 2003.
- LIRS launches RefugeeWorks (later to become Higher), the national center for refugee employment and self-sufficiency, to give technical assistance to refugee employment services providers.
- LIRS begins providing seed grants to Lutheran churches launching projects that serve refugees and migrants. The first year's grants go to 12 congregations.
- Approximately 1,700 ethnic Albanians forced out of Kosovo into Macedonia are resettled by LIRS under a U.S. humanitarian evacuation program.
- LIRS relocates its headquarters from New York City to The Lutheran Center, a newly constructed office building in Baltimore.
- LIRS's six-decade total of refugees resettled reaches 280,000 individuals from all parts of the world and of various faiths.
- LIRS partners with the Presbyterian Church (USA) to launch a joint Asylum and Immigration Grant Program. Grantees handle 23,000 legal cases and provide rights education to 168,000 detained migrants in the first year of the program.
- Refugee Council USA forms with LIRS a founding member.
- A change in the eligibility starting date makes it possible for individuals granted asylum to receive refugee benefits.
- LIRS begins welcoming "Lost Boys"—young Sudanese refugees who had been separated from their families for a decade or more after fleeing conflict in their homeland. LIRS advocacy is instrumental in U.S. resettlement of the population.
- LIRS coordinates humanitarian assistance to nearly 1,000 Burmese refugees who had fled to Guam. With LIRS support for legal services, most are granted asylum, and LIRS resettles many.
- The September 11 terrorist attacks bring the U.S. refugee resettlement program to a standstill. After new federal security measures are implemented, resettlement resumes in mid-December, but the program takes years to fully recover.
- LIRS launches the Detained Torture Survivor Legal Support Network.
- The enforcement functions of the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service are transferred to three bureaus of the newly formed Department of Homeland Security: Citizenship and Immigration Services, Customs and Border Protection, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Custody and care of unaccompanied migrant children is shifted to the Office of Refugee Resettlement.
- LIRS begins serving unaccompanied migrant children in federal custody through the Office of Refugee Resettlement's Division of Unaccompanied Children's Services.
- Nearly 30 years after U.S. admission of Vietnamese refugees began, the State Department opens the doors for resettlement of 15,000 ethnic Hmong from refugee camps in Thailand.
- LIRS begins successful advocacy for U.S. admission of Burmese refugees from camps and settlements in Thailand, India and Malaysia.
- In response to Hurricane Katrina's displacement of hundreds of thousands of residents along the southeastern U.S. coast, LIRS creates a guide for congregations and community groups to help people uprooted by the disaster.
- LIRS successfully advocates for U.S. resettlement of Tibetan and Bhutanese refugees from camps in Nepal.
- A joint study by LIRS and the Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children exposes the U.S. practice of detaining whole families of migrants.
- At the request of UNHCR, LIRS issues a comprehensive report promoting procedural guidelines and recommending standards of care for refugee children.
- LIRS begins resettlement of Iraqi refugees displaced by the war in their country.
- LIRS's Safe Haven program expands as it becomes the Office of Refugee Resettlement's sole provider of service coordination for unaccompanied immigrant children in federal custody.
- U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents raid a Postville, Iowa, worksite, arresting nearly 400 migrants. The largest raid of its kind in U.S. history, it devastates the community and galvanizes advocates for immigration reform.
- Be Not Afraid, an LIRS project supported by the ELCA, equips congregations responding to immigrant needs in their communities.
- LIRS launches the online Action Center, allowing supporters to easily contact their elected officials to better voice their opinions about immigration reform and refugee resettlement.
- Linda Hartke becomes the eighth person to serve as President and CEO of LIRS.
- LIRS secures an increase in funding from the U.S. State Department. The "Reception and Placement Grant" LIRS provides to each new refugee doubles from $900 to $1,800 per capita.
- The Community Conversations initiative brings together immigrants and refugees who have been welcomed and people who are committed to welcoming. Through these connections, LIRS is able to generate ideas that promote innovative initiatives and services.
- LIRS rebrands and launches Higher, an employment initiative formerly known as RefugeeWorks. Higher focuses on mentoring programs for refugees and forging partnerships with local and national employers.
An unexpected and unprecedented surge in unaccompanied children crossing the southern border into the United States prompts LIRS to respond. In conjunction with federal and local partners, LIRS works to connect these children with family members, foster homes, and other vital services.
- LIRS successfully advocates for the reauthorization of both the Trafficking Victims Protection Act and the Violence Against Women Act.
- By participating in coalition-building and grassroots mobilization, LIRS helps uphold the Maryland DREAM Act.
- LIRS celebrated 75 years of standing with and advocating alongside migrants and refugees.


text:
An Ocean of Thought on Non-Doing
painting by artist Dreama Tolle Perry
This painting is available directly from the artist.
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Images may not be reproduced without the permission of the artist.


text: This charming hotel is situated within the Blarney Woollen Mills building complex and includes a total of 48 rooms. The inviting lobby offers guests a 24-hour reception desk, lifts and a safe. Further facilities include a currency exchange desk, a conference room for meetings as well as various shops. Culinary options include a cosy pub, offering an inviting atmosphere and refreshing dark beer. In addition, there is a buffet restaurant and a grill restaurant serving various types of salmon as well as Irish beef stew and delicious steak filet. Further services include room and laundry services. Guests may like to make use of the hotel parking.The stylish rooms come with a private bathroom, a hairdryer, a direct dial telephone, satellite/ cable TV, a radio, individually regulated heating a king-size bed, as well as a lounge with a seating area and table. Here, no wish is left unfulfilled.


text:
Rat Wooden Cage Escape
EscapeGamesZone:-Hungry Dog Escape is an another point and click dog escape game developed by Escapegameszone.The motivation of this game to feed the hungry dog.Imagine, one dog was trapped inside the forest.The dog was very hungry.So, please help to find out the bone.Then feed the bone to the dog.First you can collect some hidden object and note some hints.I know,you are the talent person.You can easily solve this game.Escape games zone have more exciting and amusing free online escape games.Have more fun.Good Luck. The motivation of this game has to find out the bone to feed the hungry dog.Use your smart skills.Have more fun. Good Luck.
Game loading!


text:
Wards was a universal spell which allowed the shugenja [1] to create a powerful inscription which would harm those who entered, passed or opened the warded area. [2]
|This magic or religion related article is a stub. That means that it has been started, but is incomplete. You can help by expanding this article.


text:
1976-81 Vehicles
- Place the shift lever in the Neutral position of the detent plate.
- Disconnect the rod from the lower end of the shift lever. Place the transmission lever in the Neutral position. Do this by moving the lever clockwise to the maximum detent (Park), then moving the lever clockwise two (2) detent positions (Neutral).
- Adjust the rod until the hole in the rod aligns with the pin on the lower end of the shift lever. Install the rod on the pin and secure it by adding the washer and spring clip.
Any inaccuracies in the adjustment may result in premature failure of the transmission due to operation without the controls in full detent. Such operation results in a loss of fluid pressure and in turn, only a partial engagement of the clutches with sufficient pressure to cause apparently normal operation of the vehicle will result in the failure of clutches or various other internal parts after only a few miles of operation.
1982-88 Vehicles
- Position the Shifter Assembly (A) in the NEUTRAL notch of Detent Plate (H).
- With Link (B) loosely assembled to Rod (F) and Rod (F) attached to Lever (G), put Lever (G) into the NEUTRAL position. Obtain NEUTRAL position by moving Lever (G) clockwise to maximum detent position (PARK), then counterclockwise two detents to NEUTRAL. Maintaining Lever (G) in the NEUTRAL position, adjust Link (B) until the hole in Link (B) aligns with the Shifter Asm Pin (C); install Link (B) onto the Pin (C).
- Add the washer (D) and insert the clip (E).


text:
Racial Differences in Fringe Benefits and Compensation
This paper examines differences in two important components of non-wage compensation, employer provided health insurance and pensions, across African Americans and the whites in the United States. Using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we study the recent trends in the recipiency of this non-wage compensation across race groups. Our results show that African American men on average are significantly less likely to receive employer provided health insurance and pension than whites in the last decade. We also find that the inclusion of racial differences in ability as measured by the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) score reduces the unexplained racial gap in fringe benefit offers, highlighting the importance of human capital variables in fringe benefit recipiency. Finally, we re-examine racial inequality in the labor market by examining within-group inequality in compensation over the last decade and also the role of ability in between-group inequality in compensation.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|49 pages
|Date of creation:
|Sep 2009
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: IZA, P.O. Box 7240, D-53072 Bonn, Germany
Phone: +49 228 3894 223
Fax: +49 228 3894 180
Web page: http://www.iza.org
|Order Information:
| Postal: IZA, Margard Ody, P.O. Box 7240, D-53072 Bonn, Germany
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Eric Solberg & Teresa Laughlin, 1995. "The Gender Pay Gap, Fringe Benefits, and Occupational Crowding," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 48(4), pages 692-708, July.
- Barry T. Hirsch & David A. Macpherson, 2004.
"Wages, Sorting on Skill, and the Racial Composition of Jobs,"
Journal of Labor Economics,
University of Chicago Press, vol. 22(1), pages 189-210, January.
- Hirsch, Barry & Macpherson, David A., 2003. "Wages, Sorting on Skill, and the Racial Composition of Jobs," IZA Discussion Papers 741, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- Barry T. Hirsch & David A. MacPherson, 2003. "Union Membership and Coverage Database from the Current Population Survey: Note," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 56(2), pages 349-354, January.
- Neal, Derek A & Johnson, William R, 1996. "The Role of Premarket Factors in Black-White Wage Differences," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(5), pages 869-895, October.
- Derek A. Neal & William R. Johnson, 1995. "The Role of Pre-Market Factors in Black-White Wage Differences," NBER Working Papers 5124, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Farber, Henry S. & Levy, Helen, 2000. "Recent trends in employer-sponsored health insurance coverage: are bad jobs getting worse?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 93-119, January.
- Henry S. Farber & Helen Levy, 1998. "Recent Trends in Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance Coverage: Are Bad Jobs Getting Worse?," NBER Working Papers 6709, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Wankyo Chung, 2003. "Fringe Benefits and Inequality in the Labor Market," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 41(3), pages 517-529, July.
- Derek Neal, 2004. "The Measured Black-White Wage Gap among Women Is Too Small," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 112(S1), pages 1-28, February.
- Derek Neal, 2002. "The Measured Black-White Wage Gap Among Women is Too Small," NBER Working Papers 9133, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Altonji, Joseph G. & Blank, Rebecca M., 1999. "Race and gender in the labor market," Handbook of Labor Economics,in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 48, pages 3143-3259 Elsevier.
- Joseph G. Altonji & Rebecca M. Blank, "undated". "Race and Gender in the Labor Market," IPR working papers 98-18, Institute for Policy Resarch at Northwestern University.
- Juhn, Chinhui & Murphy, Kevin M & Pierce, Brooks, 1993. "Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(3), pages 410-442, June.
- Bloom, David E & Freeman, Richard B, 1992. "The Fall in Private Pension Coverage in the United States," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(2), pages 539-545, May.
- Patricia M. Anderson & Bruce D. Meyer, 1997. "Unemployment Insurance Takeup Rates and the After-Tax Value of Benefits," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 112(3), pages 913-937.
- José Mata & José A. F. Machado, 2005. "Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(4), pages 445-465.
- Royalty, Anne Beeson, 2000. "Tax preferences for fringe benefits and workers' eligibility for employer health insurance," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 209-227, February. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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Evellos (Japanese: ストルット, Sutorutto) are bird-like enemies in Xenoblade Chronicles X that walk on two legs and do not fly.
"Inhabitants of Mira's southern lands, these giant birds sport highly developed beaks that occupy most of their heads and effectively serve as horns. Their diet consists primarily of insects, the exoskeleton of which can be easily pierced by a single sharp peck."
"Evellos are pair-bonding creatures, often sighted in groups of a single male and female. Reproduction occurs every two years, with hatchlings raised by both the genetic parents and another closely related couple with no young of their own for that year. Evello eggs are unusually large, and a favorite food of many predators."
Types of Evellos
Normal Minor Enemies
Mission Exclusive Enemies
Evello is Latin for tear out, pull, pluck, erase, or eradicate.


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Not many fast bowlers in India are known to crank up good pace. But for Rahul Shukla bowling fast is a passion, which he has proved on more than one occasion for Rajasthan Royals this season.
Shukla was with the Mumbai Indians team for three seasons, but only one game came his way. He patiently waited in the wings to make his presence felt, even as a back stress hampered his chances.
"Also the Mumbai team was filled with big players, so you don't get too many opportunities," Shukla told Mail Today.
That is when the Uttar Pradesh boy, who plays for Jharkhand at the domestic level, decided to shift to Rajasthan Royals. He played a big role in Royals' win against Kolkata Knight Riders at home. But what caught everyone's attention was the pace that he generated. "Even after my injury I did not want to give up on my pace. I can consistently bowl at 140-145 kph.
Royals is a perfect team for me to work my way up in Indian cricket," he said.
Shukla has been picking up a few skills of fast bowling from Australian Shaun Tait, too.
"His career has been shortened by injuries, but he knows how to manage the workload. He tells me how a fast bowler needs to take care of his body. His inputs have been valuable," he said.
But speed alone will not help him make a mark in international cricket and Shukla knows that.
"When you bowl to world class batsmen then you get to know the difference. In domestic cricket, pace is enough to fetch you wickets. But against quality players you have to strategise.
"I remember my IPL debut for Mumbai against Delhi Daredevils and I was hammered by Virender Sehwag and Kevin Pietersen. So, when I played my first match for Rajasthan, which was incidentally again Daredevils, it was at the back of my mind," said Shukla, who hails from a farmer's family in Jaunpur.
"Rahul Dravid too has been a big encouragement. Paddy Upton has spoken to me. Their support has been a big help."


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AS reported by the Leader last week, a local authority has rejected a proposal to ban naming streets after people.
It was a sensible move on the part of Denbighshire Council, according to Flintshire and Wrexham historians, who point out that there is a grand tradition of street-naming in North Wales.
A report was drafted to avoid civic embarrassment if a namesake was found to have behaved improperly, as happened in Scarborough with Savile's View, named after the late, disgraced DJ and TV personality Jimmy Savile.
But councillors gave the measure short shrift, and it was agreed that famous names would be allowed if the namesake had a significant historical and cultural link to the county.
Alister Williams, Wrexham historian and owner of Bridge Books on Park Avenue, said: "The tradition of naming a street after a person has been going on for a long, long time."
For instance, there is Jeffreys Road in Wrexham.
"The road was named after the Jeffreys family, of whom 'Hanging Judge' George Jeffreys was one," said Mr Williams.
"They were an old Welsh family who lived in Acton Hall from the 1600s to the 1800s. Quite a number of them went into law. George became Lord Chief Justice of England and the Lord Chancellor."
He earned his grim moniker for handing out harsh judgements to rebels fighting to overthrow James the Second, but the Jeffreys family weren't all bad.
Mr Williams said: "They were very involved in the area. They were the most important family in Wrexham at one time. A number of their sons died young, and the line passed to the daughters, who also died out.
"Eventually Acton Hall was bought by the Cunliffe family. Now it is no longer there."
A more recent local name was provided by Wrexham-raised David Lord, who gave his name to Llys David Lord, a local housing authority development built in the 1990s.
Flight Lieutenant Lord was posthumously awarded a Victoria Cross for his valour during the Second World War.
His VC citation detailed how Lord, in the face of heavy anti-aircraft fire, insisted on flying his damaged plane to a drop zone so he could deliver supplies to desperate Allied troops.
While flying at 1,500 feet near Arnhem, the starboard wing of his Dakota aircraft was hit and burst into flames.
The citation continues: "By now the starboard engine was burning furiously. Flight Lieutenant Lord came down to 900 feet, where he was singled out for the concentrated fire of all the anti-aircraft guns.
"On reaching the dropping zone he kept the aircraft on a straight and level course while supplies were dropped. At the end of the run, he was told that two containers remained.
"Although he must have known that the collapse of the starboard wing could not be long delayed, Flight Lieutenant Lord circled, rejoined the stream of aircraft and made a second run to drop the remaining supplies."
He then ordered his crew to abandon the Dakota, but the wing collapsed and the aircraft fell.
There was only one survivor, the navigator, and tragically, the drop zone had been overrun by enemy forces, making Lord's sacrifice noble but futile.
Mr Williams said: "A lot of people thought Lord Street was named after him, but it wasn't. There's been a Lord Street in Wrexham for a long time. So it's good they named Llys David Lord after him, and it has his full name too, so there's no mistaking it.
"We have a lot of streets in Wrexham named after councillors. There's Herbert Jennings Avenue and Hampson Avenue, both named after aldermen (councillors).
"And there are streets named after poets, like Ffordd Dylan, after Dylan Thomas and Ffordd Hooson after Isaac Daniel Hooson. I think it's a good thing."
Statesmen like Anthony Eden and Winston Churchill lend their names to the byways of Wrexham.
A sizeable number of streets in the town were named after military figures, including Montgomery Road, named for Field Marshall Montgomery.
Mr Williams said: "A whole area near the Wrexham barracks were named after men awarded the Victoria Cross.
"I think it's an honour. If someone does prove to be unsuitable then it can always be changed and someone more worthy can be put in their place."
Over in Flintshire, the tradition of naming streets after local figures continues.
Holywell historian Brian Taylor said: "The town is full of historical names, like St Bueno and St Winefride, but we also have Tudur Close, which is named after Tudur Roberts, I believe, who was a local councillor and businessman."
Vicki Perfect, county councillor and Flint historian, robustly defended the tradition.
She said: "We have Henry Taylor Street in Flint. He was a town councillor for 32 years, founded Flint Historic Society and had a lot to do with saving the castle when there was talk of using part of it to make the town hall.
"Then there's Muspratt Way, named after Richard Muspratt, who was mayor 18 times. He set up the alkali processing plant in Flint that was one of the biggest employers in the area for many years.
"Naming streets after people who have done a lot for an area is a commendable thing. They have real links to this place."
Cllr Perfect said the tradition was similar to the one which led the naming of the Jade Jones Pavilion.
She said: "We are so proud of that and so proud of her.
"Having a street named after you is quite an honour. Who knows what names will turn up next?"
See full story in the Leader


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Nice and fresh hotel with helpful staff. Some are not too good at English but they do their best to help you out. They make effort to recommend suitable things to do and where to eat. Pools are not that common in hotels in Sicily...More
Getting you more information on this room
Getting you more information on this room
"Side rooms with balcony and a seaview allow you more privacy than those overlooking the swimming area.."
"Try and get an upper floor to enjoy the scenic views of the waters and mountains."
"The rooms on the second floor have a small varanda which permits eventually drying some wet clothes."
"The ones facing East and therefore the sea have the best views. The surroundings are so superb though that..."


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Slapp Happy
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|Pop / Rock Vocals
|1970s 1990s 2000s
Formed in Wumme, Germany in 1971, Slapp Happy was the confluence of three avant garde musicians; British-born Anthony Moore (piano/vocals), Peter Blegvad (1951, New York City, New York, USA; guitar/clarinet/vocals) and German vocalist/pianist Dagmar Krause (b. 4 June 1950, Hamburg, Germany). The trio enjoyed the patronage of art-rock outfit Faust, and recorded Sort Of at the latter groups studio, a converted schoolhouse. Slapp Happy, released on Virgin Records, offered an enthralling range of musical styles as the three individuals drew on their respective, contrasting heritages. Brecht, melodic pop and European literature abounded in a set which nonetheless remained highly accessible. The ebullient Casablanca Moon proved highly enduring, while 80s mavericks Bongwater revived The Drum on Too Much Sleep. Slapp Happy became closely allied with the adventurous Henry Cow and the two units collaborated on Desperate Straights and In Praise...
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- 46%Fred Frith
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LNR - Work It To The Bone (Instrumental) MP3
LNR Work It To The Bone (Instrumental) House Jam Records HJA 8803 Written by Thompson and Lenoir Engineered by Duane Thamm Jr. and Jerry Soto.
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1988 http://www.discogs.com/release/25559.
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well. i couldnt find it... so my buddy did me a favor and looped me the instrumental.. heres what he gave me too work with folks.
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Download "Caves" - http://tinyurl.com/m2zyxre Produced by Drew The Architect - https://soundcloud.com/drewthearchitect www.TheHollowSquad.com www.
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Asap Rocky- Canal St ft BONES MP3
Asap Rocky- Canal St Asap Rocky- Canal St Asap Rocky- Canal St Asap Rocky- Canal St.
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The Alchemist - Bone Thugs N' Haifa Album: Israeli Salad iTunes Link: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/israeli-salad/id996714359 The Alchemist - Bone Thugs ...
Bone Thugs-N-Harmony- We Workin MP3
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Popular Music Group presents this official video for the new single "Cash Money" from the west cost rising star YG known for hits like "My Nigga" and "Bompton" ...
Krayzie Bone - Clash of the Titans LYRICS + HD QUALITY MP3
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Artist: RJD2 Album: Deadringer Song: Chicken-Bone Circuit Produced: RJD2 Year: 2002.
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If you need this beat contact us: [email protected] ▻Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/SGMRecords ▻Buy Beats here: ...
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http://www.worksessions.com DJs ONLY: For more instrumentals, acappellas, remixes and more, visit The WorkSessions Digital Record Pool ...
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Stacks Up Entertainment (S.U.E GANG 3M) Twitter : Young _Tbone.
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A white guy from the housing projects in New Jersey. He was most known for his beef with Eminem over Em's line 'I'm nicer than pete, I'm on a serch to crush a ...
T-Bone Walker - Two bones and a pick MP3
"Two bones and a pick" comes from the sessions T-Bone held for Atlantic Records in the mid/late fifties. It's an instrumental written by T-Bone himself. The first ...
Bone Thugs N' Harmony "Damizza Presents: More Than Thugs" (Official Video) MP3
Click Here to Subscribe: http://bit.ly/1FmQifA Damizza Presents "More Than Thugs"... The new single from Grammy Award winning & one of the Biggest selling ...
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Kendrick LamarKendrick Lamar, Schoolboy Q, and Whitney Alford: I got a bone to pick I don't want you monkey mouth motherfuckers sittin' in my throne again (Aye aye nigga whats happenin' nigga, K-Dot back in the hood nigga) I'm mad (He mad), but I ain't stressin' True friends, one question Kendrick Lamar and Whitney Alford: Bitch where you when I was walkin'? Now I run the game got the whole world talkin', King Kunta Everybody wanna cut the legs off him, Kunta Black man taking no losses, oh yeah Bitch where you when I was walkin'? Now I[...]
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Big SeanThey used to tell me I hope you learn to make it on your own And if you love yourself just know you'll never be alone I hope that you get everything you want and that you chose I hope that it's the realest thing that you ever know Hope you get the pretty girls, that's pretty at everything Million dollar cribs havin' million dollar dreams And when you get it all just remember one thing Remember one thing That one man could change the world That one man could change the world Hol' up, [...]


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Crossing Baikal
Trekking across frozen Lake Baikal in Siberia
(Left to Right) Justin, Nastya, Heleen, Misha takes a group photo on the bank of frozen Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia, before they set off for a trek across the lake. .They are a group of five people: Justin Jin (Chinese-British), Heleen van Geest (Dutch), Nastya and Misha Martynov (Russian) and their Russian guide Arkady. .They pulled their sledges 80 km across the world's deepest lake, taking a break on Olkhon Island. They slept two nights on the ice in -15c. .Baikal, the world's largest...
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Ammonites are extinct sea creatures of the subclass Ammonoidea that lived before and in the time...
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|Screenshot from The Land Before Time IX: Journey to Big Water


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The expansion of our cities drastically alters ecological processes and species interactions, so it is vital to understand the ways that urbanisation impacts native fauna. Spiders are widespread predators that utilise many different habitats and foraging strategies, making them ideal to study the effect of urbanisation on closely related groups with different niche requirements.
I am studying the influence of urbanisation on the spider species diversity and investigating the effect of novel habitats on spider behaviour, condition and life history. My research provides insights into the adaption of spiders to novel ecosystems and the underlying mechanisms which drive arthropod diversity in urban landscapes.
During my PhD I had the pleasure of working in the Behaviour lab at The University of Hamburg with Jutta Schneider. I studied the European cross spiders and their behaviour along an urban gradient.
After my honours I traveled to work with William Hughes Lab at The University of Leeds where I compared the immunity of feral and managed honeybees in Northern England.