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This is an archive of all turns and maps in the game Principia Moderni from the year 1480 to 1509. For the current events, see the main game page.
Be sure to update the external possessions page.
- The Maya's colonies expand by 2*576 km each.
- Hanthawaddy and Bengal continue to clash ferociously along the border. Bengal updates its economy, making the use of the Mon Awettha standard. Bengal expands both of its colonies by 1*576 km.
- March 10th Yorkist King Edward IV after two weeks of battle of Reading narrowly defeats Lancaster/Scottish Coalition. King James responds by moving to East Anglia and pillaging the countryside.
- Japan expands each of its colonies by 2*576 sq km.
- Under Caly Cummohgan the Welsh drive out remaining English Lords, supporting King James. Ireland fractures into native lord ships. The Peace of Northumberland is agreed at the end of the year in London. The U.K will cease to exists. Edward IV will recognize a unified Keltic State that stretches from Cornwall to Scotland, Northumberland and the most notably the City of York is given to the Keltic Kingdom, by accepting such terms Edward IV will remain King and the Lancasters will marry into the Royal Line, therefore ending the English Civil War. In the Treaty Ireland is noted part of the Keltic Kingdom but at the present is engulfed by small time turf struggles.
- The Venetian-Hungarian War ends.Venice loses Dalmatia and Venetian Albania.
- The explorer returns to Tsalagi from Mesoamerica, and Queen Umpahasi looks to establish relations with the Aztecs and Mayans. The Queen falls ill, and the two major factions at court begin to compete to fulfill their particular goals.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*576 km each. They also start a colony in Madagascar, which is put under the control of the East Africa colony.
- France: A blockade of Wales is begun after the French declaration of war is given to the Welsh ruler, and French troops are prepared for an invasion.
- Bengal manages to capture Chittagong, after a destructive battle. Tensions begin to ease up, but severe antipathy towards Mons occurs in Hanthawaddy. The government of Krungthep defects to Bengal as well. Katimon is expanded by 3*576px as a penal colony for prisoners of war, as well as for Bengali refugees.
- Hungary starts to build new ships in Ragusa and Zeng.
- A Malmulk colony appears in OTL Virginia and Florida, although peaceful terms with the Indians are kept at where they are.
- China's colony continues to mount up its forces. A commonly accepted theory as to why they are doing this is that they want to exterminate certain tribes. However, the most prominent tribe is the Aztec Empire!
- King James invades Ireland to restore order, he is welcomed by the peasants as a hero against warring lords and the conquest is peaceful.
- Japanese scientists seek to describe the basics of classical physics and astronomy. There are debates between major schools of thought (corresponding with OTL Cartesian, Newtonian and Leibnizian) as models of mechanics are built (Yes, I know that in OTL this happens about 100 years later, but they could have happened now had there not been religious conflict in Europe)
- Joseon expands their colony in the Philippines by 2*526 km.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*576 km each. The island of Sumatra is put under the control of the Indonesian colony.
- France: French troops land in Wales and lay siege to the capital as well as putting troops on the English border to defend its future territory, although the English are notified of the reason.
- The Bengal Mons attack the Dimasa Kingdom, in hopes of cutting Hanthawaddy off from the Ahom's homeland. Jamaica Mon is expanded by 1*576 sq km.
- Doitsuchihou is expanded by 3*576 sq km, so it controls much of East Prussia. The Shogun claims the throne of the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach, merging it under the throne of Japan and renaming it so it is now the Shogunate of Doitsuchihou (Tenjikuminato and Nuretachihou are already merged under the throne)
- You can't take over countries like that unless it's part of your 3-pixel expansion.
- It is--perhaps I should clarify that this is a claim, not really complete control yet.
- Ireland is incorporated into the Keltic union
- More ships are built in Hungarian ports.
- Joseon expands Hawaii by three pixels.
- Umpahasi dies due to her illness. Leaving no heirs, the Ehkas Dynasty comes to an end. Under these monarchs, a kingdom was born. Forged in war under Ehkasgahi and born as a united, prosperous nation under Umpahasi, Tsalagi descends into a civil war. This war is waged between the bellicose warlike aspects of society consisting of the Marcher Lords, many affluent generals and the more traditional chieftains, and the more peaceful aspects consisting of the Royal Court, the priests, the poorer military men, and the merchant class. The civil war is relatively low key, fought mostly through spies and intrigue. On the outside, the Council rules Tsalagi while it awaits a new King to arise. Concerns arise in the slave markets over the lack of slaves coming into the country.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*576 km each.
Brandenburg offers Kalmar Union a military alliance.
- France: Wales capital falls to French troops, and the country is annexed by the French Empire.
- Bengal succeeds in capturing the south part of Dimasa, while the Ahoms in Hanthawaddy claim the northern part. The Ahoms federate Tingri and Drakchi, giving them status as provinces.
- As the Margraviate of Brandenburg is still existent, it declares war with Japan and its claims to the Mark. Japan sends troops to expand into Brandenburg and hope to control it in a decade. As Brandenburg is still a small, weak state at this point, few think that it will win.
- King James rebuilds Edinburgh and make it his capital.
- Joseon expands their Hawaii colony by 3*576 km, believing that later, Hawaii would be a valuable asset in the future. They continue to expand their navy and army.
- Hungary continues to build ships, and asks for a alliance with the Ottoman Empire again.
- The Ottoman Empire agrees to an alliance with Hungary.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*576 km each. They offer to mediate negotiations to bring the Bengal-Hanthawaddy conflict to an end.
- France: Enters a period of self isolation which won't be broken until 1503.
- King James claims to have found the Holy Grail, great celebrations commence, he is dubbed as "Arthur's heir to the Britains, Lord of all only second to the Christ All Mighty, may it yet that the Saxons leave our shores forever, at last the slaves are free!?
- Taking advantage of Nepal's temporary weakness due to its division into three kingdoms two years earlier, Bengal quickly annexes the three kingdoms, declaring itself an empire, while King Dhammazedi declares himself Emperor of Bengal. In Hanthawaddy, the Ahoms begin to face crisis as family members pose a threat in a scramble for government. They call upon Vietnam to recognize them as the legitimate rulers of Hanthawaddy and Singburi, rather than the Wareru Mons, who rule from Bengal.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*576 km each. The Vietnamese Emperor recognizes the Warerus as the legitimate leaders of Hanthawaddy and offer military and economic support to Bengal to help them regain their control of Hanthawaddy.
- As far as both me and the Vietnamese are concerned, the Warerus are greedy usurpers, and that the Ahoms are the proper leaders of Hanthawaddy. Did you not read an attempt for the Vietnamese to stop the war? And anyway, who willingly induces a civil war in his own nation?
- The Ahoms did when they invaded Hanthawaddy from the north and usurped the throne. Yes, I read about Vietnamese attempts, but there isn't much fighting at the moment so hold on. And BTW, both the Ahoms and Mons are equally greedy. But it's okay, it would make the war more interesting this way. I put the civil war in there to make it more interesting and realistic and as a model for other players.
- I didn't know that. I just saw Bengal's aggressive expansion and assumed they were the usurpers. I'll alter my post accordingly.
- Brandenburg offers the Kalmar Union an alliance: Brandenburg will support Kalmar in its foreign policy in exchange for use of ports on the North Sea. Brandenburg asks for immediate help from King James against the Japanese Empire in order to prevent further extension of Japanese power in the Baltic Sea.
- User:Baconton, User:Destroyanator and User:BoredMatt should probably be contacted if you want an alliance, although they've all been inactive. Destroyanator is effectively dead, though.
- Hungary declares war against the lands of the Bohemian crown.
- Denmark accepts the alliance and also declares war on the Japanese~
- The two factions come to an accord, and the Council elects a new king, from amongst the generals. A small expansion to the coast is permitted. This pleases the merchants who have been given grants of land as well as the Marcher Lords who will hold suzerainty over the lands. The priesthood and other more peaceful factions are more disappointed, but they agree to go to war. The army is geared up for conflict. The new King is Chanrak, a general who fought with Ehkasgahi. He brings in a flag as a rallying point for the nation.
- King James accepts the alliance in an emotion of Christian Brotherhood.
- The Ottoman Empire annexes the rest of the unoccupied land in Arabia.
- Japan sends a fleet to the Baltic sea and sends its troops to invade Potsdam. Japan also asks for help from Joseon and Hanthawaddy.
- Vietnam expands their colonies by 2*576 km each. Vietnam sends soldiers to Bengal to assist in the recapturing of Ahom-occupied Hanthawaddy. They build a series of forts and a defensive wall on the border to Hanthawaddy. They also send troops to Singburri to temporarily occupy it while the Bengal and Hanthawaddy are fighting.
- Hanthawaddy expands its Hporubitoi colony by 3*576 sq km. The Ahoms are enraged at Vietnam's refusal to recognize them as the legitimate rulers of Hanthawaddy and Singburi. Toungoo, a kingdom long locked in by Hanthawaddy, shows sympathies to Bengal, leading to a harsh crackdown by the Ahoms, who invade the area. Bengal manages to cut through Singburi and establish a base in the southern part, in conjunction with Vietnam.
- Tenjikuminato and Nuretachihou are expanded by 2*576 sq km each. Meanwhile, Japanese soldiers, armed with the latest arqebi, defend their presence in Europe (note that I am not deciding an end to the conflict)
- Joseon expands their Philippines colony by 3*576 kms. They also send troops to Europe, to help the Japanese. They also request to all European nations to set up trade posts in their nations.
- Margrave Albert III of Brandenburg moves his court to the old capital of Brandenburg an der Havel.
- the Bohemian armies attack Pozsony.However, the Hungarian armies repel the invasion.
- In the city of Timbuktu, a man by the name of Askia begins to stir up a rebellion, hoping to overthrow the city's Mamluk rulers. Hundreds of men join his cause, and together, they throw out their Mamluk foe, and create their own independent city state. Askia calls his new kingdom the Neo-Songhai Empire.
- The Malmulks take there revenge by pillaging and burning every town they pass during their retreat, while Malmulk sea vessels do the same with ports while also stealing/destroying any ship in harbor. The Sultan tells Asika that betraying the Malmulk Empire always results in flames and that the Malmulks would one day return and place conditions onto its people so harsh that there will be no mercy. (I love it when I turn one peaceful nation into one that manifests on destruction, although not every ship or town they passed by got burned). In OTL Gulf of Mexico, preparation for incoming settlers are made, food reserves are piled up and new houses are established.
- Ooky, let me use the algorithm to see who wins the war.
- As tensions begin to cool down, Bengal updates its military bases and its military technology, while Hanthawaddy is busy dealing with the Toungoos. Bengal begins importing slaves from Arawak chiefs near Jamaica Mon, thereby expanding said colony by 1*576 sq km. However, the Arawaks face difficulty with smallpox. Bengal begins experimenting with the Chinese practice of inoculation, in order to solve this problem. Bengal sets up a medical research facility in Bengala as a temporarily replacement for the one captured by the Ahoms in Pegu. However, at the moment it has fewer than a dozen physicians.
- The Japanese continue to defend their presence in Europe. It appears that they have agreed to cede 2*576 sq km. They proposes to have a member of the House of Brandenburg (Hohenzollern) marry into the House of Japan.
- The Vietnamese refrain from colonial expansion until the conflict in Hanthawaddy is over. Vietnamese soldiers are sent to Singburri to protect the small states neutrality in the conflict, as the Vietnamese refuse to allow either side in the conflict to occupy Singburri. Which would effectively split the mainland territories of Vietnam.
- Hungary asks Bohemia for a ceasefire.
- Brandenburg's Margrave Albert III agrees to the offer of marriage between his son Siegmund, Margrave of Bayreuth, into Japanese Imperial Family. Shortly afterward, Albert III dies, and after a brief dispute over the throne his son Johann is made Margrave.
- The Mayans expand their colonies by 2*576 km each. They also find the Mamluk explorers in the Gulf of Mexico, and try to establish relationships with them. The Mayans also try to establish relationships with Vietnam.
- In the Keltic Union King James begins construction of a new Cathedral in Edinburgh.
- Joseon sets up trade posts next to the Japanese ones, and offers alliances to all European nations.
- The Vietnamese offer to mediate negotiations for the cessation of hostilities between Bengal and Hanthawaddy. Meanwhile, the Vietnamese experiment with the use of concrete after Vietnamese traders visit Rome. This visit also sparks a fad of using Roman-styled features (specifically columns) in Vietnamese architecture. Within a few years it fades, though the practice of building Roman-style columns persists. These columns slowly gain a uniquely Vietnamese appearance over time.
- Japan decides to promote trade with European nations to export Japanese culture. They plan to subdue East Prussia within the century, though they do not act upon it immediately as they rebuild their military.
- Lol pay attention to rebuilding your own country and colony. Your colony is 30% of the way to being destroyed.
- Okay: Japan also rebuilds infrastructure and encourages colonists to have large families in order to keep the colony well staffed.
- Hanthawaddy's emperor Supimphaa begins an aggressive backlash against Bengal's expansion. He plunders Bengal's cities, including Bengalla. King Dhamazedi divides Bengal figuratively into two regions. One would be dedicated to military defence in the east, while in the west and in Krungthep, Mon-Bengali culture would be preserved at all cost. Both sides welcome Vietnamese offer, but are unwilling to stop fighting until a fair settlement is reached. In Bengal's cultural region, Dhamazedi establishes a port which he names Pahkarkayn, after the Bengali name for the region of OTL Bakarganj.
- Joseon expands their colony in the Philippines by one pixel, and their Kamchatkan one by one pixel, and their Californian one by 1 pixel.
- Askia continues his war against the Mamluks. He sets up Timbuktu as a military base, and begins to liberate villages under control of the Mamluks.
- China's American Colony expands.
- King James of the Kingdom of the Keltic Union proposes Alliance to the Kalmar Union.
- In order to prevent a total loss of Doitsuchihou, (*cough cough*), Japan re-militarizes it, improving the arquebus and having generals plan out possible wars if war ever breaks out.
- You realize you just negated your turn as a military turn and it is now an expansion turn.
- Okay, I'll negate the expansion and make it a military turn again.
- I went ahead and erased the expansion for him.
- Vietnam offers a deal to Joseon. They divide the Philippines into two zones of influence, with Joseon getting the northern half and Vietnam getting the southern half.
- This arrangement makes more sense considering our other colonies.
- You need to be more specific.
- See the talk page. I'll post a map.
- Hanthawaddy and Bengal agree to a treaty to a ceasefire, restoring the borders as they were in 1485. Bengal continues to expand Katimon by 1*576 sq km, because the surrounding land is useful for growing wheat.
- Hungary and Bohemia agree to a ceasefire.
- Tsalagi attacks tribes to the west, looking to acquisition land and power. They begin a march to the coast, slaughtering whole villages, carrying away families into slavery. Only the Tuscarora and the Catawba have the strength to stand against them. Meanwhile, a group of diplomats are sent to the Mayan court.
- Joseon accepts the Vietnamese proposal. They amp up their military.
- Japan expands into the OTL Baltic states--Doitsuchihou expands by 2*576 sq km. Tenjikuminato expands westwards, into the Delhi Sultanate (OTL U.P.) by 2*576 sq km.
- Joseon expands their Hawaiian colony by 3*576 km. Joseon also offers an alliance to England.
- The Malmulks leave Western Africa taking or burning anything they can, while in North/Middle America small colonies are set up across the coast of Florida and Norfolk, Virginia and with this more military sea vessels are sent to the gulf in order to ensure all threats are subdued.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 1*728 km each. They start paying more attention to their East African colony.
- Hanthawaddy and Bengal both work on repairing their economies and infrastructures after the war. The hospitals in Pegu and Bengalla are both expanded.
- Hungary continues to build ships in its ports.some of already-built are sent in a expedition.By the end of the year, some of the ships arrive to OTL Newfoundland.
- Brandenburg asks Japan if they can by some of their arquebuses in order to revamp their military.
- The Tsalagan armies continue to power forward, and by the end of the year are in Tuscarora territory, where they have got bogged down. Meanwhile, Tsalagan stonemasons set about the design of forts to hold down the newly conquered territories.
- King James I of the Keltic Union Dies, his son Robert IV is crowned King.
- Hanthawaddy and Bengal continue upgrading their economies. Bengal resumes medical research to return it to the golden ages of medicine in Hanthawaddy. They expand their hospital. They also send more settlers to Jamaica Mon.
- Joseon continues to amp up their military. They send more settlers to Hawaii, effectively making the entire island Korean.
- Japan sends arquebi to Brandenburg, as promised. Meanwhile, Doitsuchihou is expanded to reach Königsberg, which they rename Kionigusuberugo and choose as the provincial capital of Doitsuchihou.
- Okay, why doesn't the map show Japan as controlling East Prussia? It's a sizable plot of land!
- I'm only going by pixellage.
- I updated that now.
- Vietnam expands their East African colony by 1,726 km.
- Hungary starts to upgrade its economy. Another expedition is sent to OTL Newfoundland, and by the end of the year, a settlement called Újfundlandi is established.
- France declares its independence from Castilla and begins to force out the Castillians.
- Vietnam expands their East Africa colony by 1,726 km.
- Joseon expands their Kamchatkan colony by 3*576 km.
- You have to wait until 50 years after your second Hawaii colony, which is in 1515. And why does everyone want a Southern California colony? It's basically desert…
- As Hanthawaddy and Bengal compete for economic and medical dominance of the region, they each build up their facilities. Both also reinforce their militaries.
- The last vestiges of resistance are crushed and a program of fort construction begins, to hold down the conquered population. Meanwhile, Tsalagan outriders discover the Mamluk colony in OTL Virginia, and a team of envoys are sent to the settlement.
- King Robert recruits John Cabot to explore the West, On November of this year John Cabot leaves with three Carracks.
- Hungary expands its Újfundlandi colony by 1,576 km. Meanwhile, a port is built in Durazzo.
- Japan captures Vancouver Island for Nuretachihou
- France: All Castillian troops are forced from northern France.
- Supimphaa finally manages to gain full control over Hanthawaddy, and establishes a new currency tied to the Awettha. Bengal makes significant economic progress during the course of the year.
- The Vietnamese expand their East Africa colony by 2*304 km.
- Hungary starts to build a new port in Kotor, while sending more people to the settlement in Újfundlandi.
- Kionigusuberugo-jo~ is renovated to include some Japanese architectural features and is thus fortified, ready for future conquest of OTL Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.
- The Ottoman Empire invades Greece. Meanwhile, an elite group of soldiers called the Janisarries is formed.
- In the Keltic Union Cabot has returned with tales of lands rich with vinyards and fish, King Robert sends 100 colonits to this New World.
- The Grand Duchy of Muscovy and Novgorod start negotiations of reunion after many years of separation**Woah! You can't just unite two nations! You only control one!
- The only reason they were separated in the first place is that the Muscovy was a vassal state of the golden horde and the Novgorod is free, since that is no longer the case, there is no need for separation, they were two names for the same nation...plausible no? its more of a dynastic union now anyway (UNION of Greater Russia). full union
- Muscovy starts unity of all Russian states.
- France: All of France is finally freed of Castillian troops and the French troops prepare to invade Castilla itself and reverse what Castilla did to it, preparations begin.
- Japan invades Lithuania.
- Bengal continues to expand its economy. They begin exploring the idea of factories which house many workers. Hanthawaddy follows suit. Small quantities of Arawak and aboriginal slaves are transported to Pakharkayn, to work manual labour, but are released after ten years. Katimon and Jamaicamon are expanded by 1*576 sq km each.
- Malmulk colonies in Cuba expand.
- Hungary starts to import Portuguese/Castillian technology in making of caravels.
- China's North American colony expands.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*304 km each.
- Joseon helps Japan invade Lithuania, sending over 300,000 troops overseas. They also ask for an alliance with the Mamluks, as well as Hungary.
- Hungary accepts.
- As do the Malmulks.
- With their new arquebuses, the Brandenburg army invades the Duchy of Pomerania.**I control Pomerania!
- (Sorry about that...Brandenburg does not invade Pomerania)
- Grand duchy of Muscovy and Novgorod unite and form the Union of Greater Russia, abolishing themselves and creating this new sovereign state- dynastic union(OTL 1478)
Japan has now conquered Lithuania. On the Western front, they conquer the small states directly south of Jutland and march to the Rhine
- What do you not understand about the rules??????
- You understand that Lithuania ain't the same that one of the OTL and you're now at war with Poland-Lithuania, don't you?
- Oops. I'll restart--but I didn't think Poland-Lithuania was created until later...
- Well, in 1494 it didn't existed officially, but Lithuania and Poland already were at personal union. In practice, would be like being at war with Poland-Lithuania .this is a map for Poland-Lithuania at 1466, I think.
- Union of greater Russia drives expansion into the Caucasus, Crimea region and into the Urals, because local populations are submissive and some join without a fight because of promises of equal status and citizenship and guns (much like native Americans), and because of vast uninhabited North-Asian lands the empire quickly expands into Siberia and by 1500 has taken control of small portions of the Pacific coast
- This is so ridiculous I'm actually going to immediately invalidate it. -DK
- Hungary continues to import Portuguese-Castillian technology. Meanwhile, other expedition, is sent to Újfundlandi. By the end of the year, it expands in 3,576 km.
Joseon sets up small trade posts in conquered Lithuania, demanding trade rights due to their help to the Japanese.Meanwhile, an alliance is offered to the Portuguese and the Russians.
- No.
- What do you mean, no?
- Wait... I forgot about the wars algorithm. Sorry.
- Russians accept the allianace
- No one controls Portugal. It was conquered by Castille a while ago, and even though that player is inactive, we retain Castille's possessions.
- The colony has barely survived but has braved NewfoundLand nevertheless, the colony is named New Aryshire.
- Tsalagan forts in the newly conquered territories grow into settlements, Loyal Tsalagans are settled in the new territories. Any rebels are enslaved. Envoys approach the Mamluks again, offering an alliance.
- The Vietnamese expand their Indonesian colony by 2*304 km.
- Japan slowly invades Lithuania, expanding by 2*576 sq km.
- Union of Greater Russia starts expansion into the Urals, Caucassus and Crimea (North easternmost part of old Novgorod bordered North Ural Mtns).
- The Vietnamese expand their Indonesian colony by 2*304 km. They offer to sell their Philippine colony to Joseon.
- It would really be nice if we used 576, because it corresponds to one pixel.
- Joseon agrees.
- Japan expands into inland Poland: 2*576 sq km.
- Brandenburg is too far to the east.
- Brandenburg sends ships down the west coast of Africa to explore for new countries to trade for salt and other products (Margrave Johann wants Brandenburg to become a sea power eventually) (By the way, I agree that Brandenburg is too far to the east on the map)
- Okay. Feel free to fix any mistakes you see on the map, it's yours not mine. As long as it isn't implausible, and make sure you maintain the resolution. Also I would prefer, for now, if I did colonization myself.
- The Union of Greater Russia continues expansion, and Ivan III establishes institute for weapons development (which is now developing military technology)
- Two expeditions are sent: one with more settlers to Újfundlandi, and other in the same purpose, which after a detour, lands in OTL Cartwright, in the OTL Labrador peninsula. Meanwhile, Újfundlandi expands 1*576.
- The maximum is one pixel since this is your first colony.
- China expands in North America and Asia.
- Hanthawaddy and Bengal continue to focus on their economies, and exploring new styles of architecture such as Chinese architecture. Bengal under king Dhamazedi begins minor expansion along the Bengal coast. Hanthawaddy expands to the north, into Tibet. King Supimphaa of Hanthawaddy begins to show signs of ailing.
- Excuse me, but I liked the map that had colonies big enough to see without a microscope! Japan and China have been extensively expanding their colonies, and yet the map makes absolutely no mention of them. Also I'm starting to think that LxCaucassus has absolutely no idea on how to make a plausible addition to this map game.
- All I did was count the pixellage…
- I (LxCAucassus) am basing the land I own on HISTORIC maps of Russia Tsardom and Grand Duchy of Muscovy around 1500-1505. The remark about Pacific was made with no real knowledge of time (it took 60 years instead of 6)
- That's not why I reverted your edits in regards to the map. 1) you are supposed to upload maps onto the original file, not create a new file and 2) you screwed up the resolution. Also, each turn is 1 year, so if you're already posting stuff about 1500, I don't want to hear it.
- That was not my point, what I meant by that is that the historical map I used is from that time period(AROUND 1500 (1495 fits into that category), not the year. And the other Russian "duchys were all loyal and subservient to Moscow (the Grand Prince of Moscow was the "1st among equals". (This idea had dies with the rise of Ivan III who started cementing the autocratic power of moscow)), The Grand Prince of Moscow was the real ruler of all the Russian lands; he was called the Grand Prince of All Russia, and used the title Tsar in diplomatic relations, duchys no longer exist which became Tsardom in 1547, and what I did to the map is save the Map you posted, then edited my lands onto it on photoshop, then posted it on here, so it is kind of uploading in onto the file. It is the same in every way, except it has my lands, and I kept the same resolution of the map, nothing has changed.
- …No idea what you're talking about. I have nothing against your current border, but you uploaded wrong… The map was uploaded as a NEW FILE. What you're supposed to do is go to File:Principia_Moderni_Map_1495.png. Click on UPLOAD A NEW VERSION OF THIS FILE, and upload it there. Not spam up the site with this "Mapgame1495.png." The map was originally 1,408×628, and you made it 830 × 370. Furthermore, you edited the Japanese colonies for some unknown reason… It's not rocket science. Don't edit other peoples' borders, upload to the correct resolution, and upload a new version of the original file. I'll add you to the next map.
- When I downloaded the file I only added my territory. Somebody must have added Japan before I downloaded it, I had nothing to do with Japan
- Joseon amps up their military (Sorry I can't post better, but I have no time)
- Tsalagan warriors seize land in the conquered territories and bring their families with them, the enterprising ones becoming wealthy farmers. A new middle class begins to be born.
- The Malmulk accept the Tsalagi offer while also expanding its Colonies in Cuba and Florida.
- Hanthawaddy and Bengal begin to trade with each other on uneasy terms. They become increasingly intertwined as Bengal sends some merchants to Pegu, and Hanthawaddy sends some to Pahkarkayn. Jamaica Mon is expanded by 3*576 sq km due to the increasing need for Arawak slaves to work in Pahkarkayn.
- Japan expands Doitsuchihou by 3*576 sq km (capturing Warsaw!)
- Russians continue to advance military producing large number of muskets and seek way to improve accuracy(part of continue military development), continue expansion into Crimea and Ural Mtns, Grand Prince Ivan III starts using title Tsar in foreign relations. He starts viewing expanding Japan as threat to Rus.
- How are you allowed to do this? It's so very implausible that one may call it an IMPLAUSIBLEGASM.
- I will prove that it is not implausible;The last statement is a personal opinion, the TSAR VIEWS japan as threat, Ivan III in OTL actually used the title Tsar in foreign relations, and the other things are continue statements, the thing about muskets is SEEK to improve, this means try, I never said IMPROVED ACCURACY, and producing military technology is basically taking a European musket and copying it in the Russian weapon manufacturers, there is no copyright or patents yet. I hope you people calling my actions implausible just don't really understand what exactly I am doing. Now that I explained my actions, I hope you find them more plausible, I will be sure to make a more detailed explanation of my actions in my next post.
- Simultaneous super-fast expansion with military development is implausible.
- Not super-fast expansion at all, I just said continue expansion, if it helps I only expand territory by 576 sq. km towards Crimea (about the size of the island of Montreal) now development is a priority, expansion is there because it is happening, I never said that it was a large expansion, just that it is happening, last year it was large expansion, this year is more focused on developing army. As mentioned earlier, my next post will be more thorough and more explanatory
- Implausigasm! I love it
- I might suggest that next time somebody challenges plausibility that they post a link to the talk page instead of having conversations on plausibility here, I am not telling anybody to do anything, just making a suggestion
- Brandenburgian ships return from Africa with news of a trade agreement with the Mandinka Empire of west Africa.
- the Újfundlandi colony is expanded by 1*576 sq km.
- The Keltic Colony is expanded by one sq km.
- Tsalagan armies are sent north to expand into OTL Virginia.
- The Malmulks claim southern Virginia due to the small nearby colony located in OTL Chesapeake Bay while its colonies in Cuba in Flordia expand by 576 sq km.
- I keep forgetting to tell you, but you've been spelling Mamluks wrong the whole time :P. Also, a sq mi is like three farm fields. Do you mean 576 sq km?
- Sorry about that, I have been in a rush lately, probally because more things are tying me down :/ and yes I do mean 576 sq km.
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*304 km each.
- Another expedition is sent to Újfundlandi, which expands 1*576 sq km.
- Tsalagi agrees to respect Mamluk colonial sovereignty. Islam spreads into Tsalagi from the Mamluks. Meanwhile, settlement and expansion continues in southern Virginia, and the conquered territories.
- The Ottoman Empire offers Russia an alliance. Meanwhile, after years of fighting, the Ottomans finally subdue the Greeks, and they annex them. Sultan Bayezid is overthrown. Sultan Selim takes the crown.
- Russians accept alliance.
- Doitsuchihou signs a peace treaty with Poland-Lithuanis. Meanwhile, they have their eyes set on conquering the Rhine
- King Supimphaa of Ahom dies of a natural death, leading to a power vacuum among his officials. Mons in Pegu quickly overrun the palace and establish a kingdom with connections to the Warerus.
- Russian Grand Prince Ivan III asks Japan to let them accept ten Russian commoners and nobles to learn of the philosophy and science being discussed, after peace treaty with Poland, Russians are less weary that the Japanese expansion will lead to Japan invading their homeland. The men sent to Japan are part of the Institute for weapons developement. Meanwhile, Russian armies, with their newly made muskets march towards Crimea which had once been theirs before the Mongol invasion. The Peoples of Crimea fight back and enter a war with the Russians that giant territory up until the northern parts of Crimea in this southern frontier. Ivan III lays the groundwork for the first real Russian professional armed forces, an elite group of musketeers called the streltsys during this campaign (because he gave some troops muskets and an axe, whose main objective was to shoot the enemy, were the primitive version of the streltsys, who will develop through time. The others that had no muskets' duty was to protect the troops with muskets).
- If anything about this post is unclear just tell me. LxCaucassus 02:54, April 9, 2011 (UTC)LxCaucassus
- The Edinburgh cathederal is finshed,
- Japan accepts the Rus'an offer. Meanwhile, they conquer the land immediately south of Jutland (2*576 sq km)
- The Vietnamese expand their colonies by 2*304 km each. They temporarily stop major colonization, at least until their recent territorial gains are absorbed.
- Russians ask the Ottomans to allow the free practicing of the Orthodox faith in their country (Greece is Orthodox state) as the Russians were once part of the Greek church and would wish for Orthodoxy to remain a whole faith. The Russians continue campaign in Crimea and send off ten members of the Institute for Weapons development to Japan. Russians set up the "Grand Embassy" in Moscow, a house where foreign diplomats can meet with the Grand Prince and discuss matters (It does not require that much manpower to build one big house) after the defeat of the Greeks Ivan declares Russia the 3rd Rome (Byzantine Greece the 2nd Rome and the classical Roman Empire the 1st Rome).
- Újfundlandi expands 1*576 sq km.
- Rebellions in north Tsalagi intensify, and Tsalagan expansion into OTL Virginia halts. The army is dispatched to lay waste the countryside and crush all rebellion, securing the king's control over the nation.
- Hanthawaddy's new Mon government offers a union with Bengal provided that their new king can remain in power over Hanthawaddy. Celebrations take place throughout Pegu. Meanwhile, the Ahoms are chased to Hporubitoi, which is expanded by 3*576 sq km.
- Two ideas:
- As this game approaches the modern day, we convert earlier sections into a regular timeline, and once this is done, all of it becomes a timeline
- As we approach the modern day (around 1900 or so), the scale shifts to a more detailed level--such as months.
- Does it sound good? Cosman246 00:07, April 10, 2011 (UTC)
- Let's go on the talk page.
- Hanthawaddy-Bengal officially unifies into a single empire under Binnya Ran II. The new empire upgrades its economy and continues to become more interdependent.
- Brandenburg asks for assurances from Japan that the marraige alliance still stands, and Japanese expansion towards the Rhine will not threaten Brandenburg's sovereignty.
- Japan honors the alliance.
- Japan invades the OTL Dutch coast, capturing 4*576 sq km.
- Making a colony takes one turn. Also, you have too many colonies.
- It's part of Doitsuchihou!
- I personally love Doitsuchihou. In OTL the Europeans took slices of every inhabitable continent on Earth. It's just so deliciously ironic to have an Asian power taking a slice of Europe.
- That was one of the reasons I made it. Also, what's with the map? Over the course of 30 years, I conquer Mecklenburg, East Prussia, much of Poland, and the mouth of the Rhine, and all I get is a dot?
- The reason the Europeans did it was because they didn't have much to work with. China didn't colonize because they didn't need any resources. Japan would make sense because it isn't agriculturally rich or rich in minerals. I go only by what you post, Mr. Cosman. You keep claiming to conquer different places, but you don't understand that colonization is a very slow process of settling places, not conquering, or at least not until the 1850s. -DK
- I understand the need for plausiblity, but the process has become tedious and rather boring.
- Maybe it would be more fun if you didn't focus only on colonization. -DK
- Russians after years of battle Finally take the Crimean Peninsula: a road to the sea; a road to colonies and a path to the new world.. The Russians will now look at the a new, eastern frontier: the conquest of Siberia. The ten men that were sent to Japan will return home in 1500 with new knowledge that can be useful in the enlihtenement of the nation.
- Hungary expands Újfundlandi by 1*576 sq km.
- The rapid influx of settlers and money into the East Afican and Indonesian colonies over the past few years has benefited the two colonies greatly. The capitols of each colony have been transformed into grand cities almost on the level of cities on the Vietnamese mainland. While all major territorial expansion has come to a stop for now, there is still a flow of settlers expanding pre-existing settlements. The Vietnamese have shifted their focus from gaining new territory to improving the territory they have already.
- The Ottoman's found a colony in Diu, India. With the discovery of elephants, 300 War Elephants are added to the already vast Ottoman army of 300,000 soldiers.
- The Newfound Land Colony expands by 5 km.
- Scotland? It would be nice if you could use the name of your country in your post. Also, I don't understand what you mean by 5 km.
- New rules: For a major turn in home country: Maximum total expansion if you have one colony: 1px. Maximum if you have two colonies: 10px. Maximum if you have three colonies: 16px. Maximum if you have four colonies: 25px. Maximum if you have five colonies: 31px. Maximum if you have six colonies: 40px. Maximum if you have seven colonies: 46px. Maximum if you have eight colonies: 55px. Maximum if you have nine colonies: 61px. Maximum if you have ten colonies: 70px. Maximum if you have eleven colonies: 76px. Add two colonies if you have a minor turn in your main country (note the maximum is seven, but up to two vassal states count). Write pixels as x*50 sq km now.
- Ask me (DK) if there's any country on the map which you are not sure of.
- Margrave Johann I of Brandenburg orders further expansion into Africa. After several Brandenburgian traders are killed by Mandinka warriors, Johann sends troops to set up a colony in west Africa. (Sorry to be too much like OTL, but I didn't want the Germans to be left behind in colonization like OTL)
- Japan expands Doitsuchihou farther into the Dutch coast by 10*50 sq km.
- Újfundlandi expands 1*576 px. Meanwhile, another expedition is sent to OTL Labrador Peninsula, landing in OTL city of Cartwright - again.
- Plans are drawn up for the construction of a great new coastal city in Tsalagi. The King himself goes to the building site to observe the construction, which includes a new great palace.
- China sails along the western seaboard of America, discovering the Aztec and Incan Civilizations.
- The Ottoman Economy expands. The Military grows.
- With their newly built ships, the Rus'ans commission a crew of European sailors and Dimitri Boyasin, one of the commoners sent to Japan that learned the art of handling a ship is sent to an expedition across the atlantic. He lands in OTL Manhattan Island naming it Mogogorniy ostrov (island of many hills) (He also discovered Long Island but decided to go to Manhattan first because he saw a clear settlement), claiming it for Russia (along with thw tip of Long Island that is part of OTL NYC). This man is very tolerant of the locals inhabiting it, but feels the need to spread Orthodoxy to the Natives, describing them as "Godless Pagans that worship nature and are curious about us, nevertheless these humans are still our brothers, as the priest says in the beginning of the sermon, beloved brothers and sisters, these men just don't know him [God] yet, and they must learn of him, and they must know him, they are an interesting people, that we have much to learn about." (translation). Dimitri leaves five men to settle with the locals, learn their customs and try to learn the language, and wait for his arrival as he returns to moscow to bring news, he takes notes on geographical longetute so he can find his beloved mnogogornitsa again. He returns just as the winter is setting in, as he spent much time with the natives. He must wait until next summer to return to the newly discovered World and the colony named by Ivan to be Novorossiya(literaly New Russia), and he orders that the first permanent settlement be named Novomoskovsk (literally New Moscow).
- Japan further expands Doitsuchihou 6*50 sq km, so contains much of the Dutch coast. Meanwhile, in an attempt to cement power within Europe, Japan proposes royal marriages to the Hungarian royal family.
- Well, the only female available in the Hungarian royal family is five years old.
- But the Russians have 16 year old Feodosiya Ivanovna, daughter of Ivan III and Sophia Paleologue
- A settlement is established in the OTL city of Cartwright, Labrador. It is called Új Kotor.
- Kingdom of Tsalagi is officially given two more 'Marcks', Gahimarck after Ehkasgahi and Chanmarck after reigning King Chanrak I. Trade begins in earnest with Mamluks.
- The Ottomans expand in Diu by 2765 sq km.
- I looked at maps of Poland-Lithuania, and from my perspective you made ot a little too big, not a lot, but I don't think it went that far west... I think there was another German state there or something...
- What was it? Some of the borders are changed because some countries were conquered by player nations. For example, the Ottomans conquered a lot of the Timurid, but not all, so I used the surrounding nations to fill in the gaps.
- The Vietnamese double funding to weapons research. The laboratory, which had almost been completely shut down when colonization started, is massively expanded in order to keep Vietnam competetive in the field. Among the designs found abandoned in the lab are plans for a early hand-held explosive device, and a primitive form of the OTL flintlock musket.
- Is that too much? I wanted to imply that the weapons lab had been operating since the Vietnamese established it at the beginning of the game (albeit in a reduced capacity since 1470ish).
- Hanthawaddy continues to work to become intradependent. The economy continues to grow. Jamaicamon expands by 14*50 sq km, while Katimon expands by 17*50 sq km.
- Újfundlandi is expanded by 3*576 sq km. Meanwhile, the first Hungarian settlement of the island is named Szent András and more ships are built in the Hungarian ports.
- The construction of Chanrakagahu continues apace, and King Chanrak has moved in permanently. He is an old man, and has appointed a successor to rule Tsalagi until his death, whereupon the Grand Council will decide whether they should carry on. He requests Mamluk architects to help build his palace in the Mamluk style.
- New Margrave Joachim I of Brandenburg decides to focus on internal affairs. He becomes the friend of the burgher, and tries to expand the towns and make them more prosperous at the expense of the farmers.
- Dimitri Boyasin is sent back to Novorossiya, the first permanent settlement is made on Long Island (Dimitri led them to this new land), this is named Novomoskovsk by the order of Ivan, this city is now primarily agricultural-based. Dimitri Boysin also brings missionaries with him (he brings four ships with him this time and not just one), evangelization starts and Orthodoxy (Christianity) spreads to America. Meanwhile, the Tsar hires a European explorer to go "by the way of the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, then towards the the south once you reach the Atlantic Sea. Go until you cannot go any more, and claim the land for the Tsar Ivan III!" He lands in OTL Cape Town, claiming the area for Russia. So far, it is only the cape, the local Africans greet him and give him food and rest for the way back. Like Boyasin, he leaves men to learn the customs and language of the locals and he returns home to bring the news to Ivan III. Ivan orders the next permanent settlement in Novorossiya is named Zapodnoy Novgorod (literally Western New City), and names the colony in Cape Town Afrikanskaya Zemlya (literally African Lands).
- Japanese scientists discover heliocentrism, which is accepted by the Government and is taught in universities. However, this does not fare too well with those of Doitsuchihou. Meanwhile, Japan is still trying to marry into European royal families so as to cement the legitimacy of Doitsuchihou.
- Russians offer Feodosiya Ivanovna to the Japanese for royal marriage, in return for alliance.
- The Vietnamese embark on a campaign of industrial expansion, and retools their weapons productions facilities to produce the new muskets. A ship-building facility is built, and research into armoured warships is funded.
- Hanthawaddy continues to integrate its economy, and it is determined that this will be completed by the following year. Hanthawaddy begins to implement Mon culture on many non-Mon areas. Bengali is written in the Mon alphabet, and Theravada Buddhism becomes standard. Hanthawaddy begins to improve roads and set up a civil service examination based on that of China.
- More ships are built. meanwhile, the King John Corvinus hires a Hungarian explorer known as Gergély Polgár. The settlement of Új Kotor expands 1*576 sq km eastwards.
- Japan accepts the Russian offer. Meanwhile, the Japanese infrastructure is improved.
- Brandenburg, with its stronger military and industry, begins to threaten neighboring southern German states into submission.
- Mamluk aspects of architecture are slowly incorporated into Tsalagan architecture, with domes and calligraphy. The Mamluk Arab population in Chanrakagahu is given permission for a mosque to be built.
- Dimitri Boyasin claims More of America for Russia, Expanding Novorossiya by 3*576 sq km (or 25 px (0.5 of turn from main country for personal union), whichever one is larger). Russian Prince Ivan III is co-crowned with his son, Vassily III. He is officially now his successor. Meanwhile, the Russian Institute for Weapons Developement discovers with all their knowledge that the bullet will travel farther and with more accuracy when it spins, they research how to incorporate this principle into muskets, start research into what will become rifling (Rifling was "invented" in OTL 1520... Do not tell me it is an implausible statement, development started in the late 15th century...) The Problem now is that muskets have large barrels for it to be more practical to load from top...
- The article states that "Though true rifling dates from the mid-16th century, it did not become commonplace until the nineteenth century." That's why it's implausible. You're talking about utilizing a technology that no one really cared about centuries before its first true application. Or even its invention.
- I never said we invented it, I am saying that there are problems with it and my people are DEVELOPING it, like it said, true rifling dates from the 16th century... That is what I am doing... I am on the road to inventing it, not anything more. I am like the person that invented it, but the country didn't care until the 1800s. My people discovered that turn to bullets makes them more accurate, they did not invent rifling yet... we haven't figured out how to make the bullet spin in the barrel yet...
- The Vietnamese start the practice of building sewers in their major cities. But the majority of the citizens still go to the bathhouses and use chamber pots until a practical alternative can be invented. A common practice has been to boil the gained from public fountains. This practical practice has evolved into a tradition of drinking copious amounts of tea at mealtimes.
- France: France comes out of isolation and sends a massive amount of settlers to North America to create the Acadia colony in OTL Nova Scotia, which is established near the year's end.
- The Russians make an official union act uniting Novgorod and Moscow under one state. Colony in Africa expands 10 px.
- Hanthawaddy continues improving its economy. Roads are improved significantly, and harbors are improved with large docks. The Mons dabble in steam production. Katimon expands by 21*50 sq km, with new docks in its main port, known as Kahtea.
- Japan improves the arquebus. It is now much closer to the rifle, though more improvements need to be made and it is seen as experimental. The foreign minister outlines that future expansion into Europe will focus on the OTL Rhineland, Switzerland, the Netherlands (well, OTL BeNeLux), and northern Italy.
- Polgár commands a expedition with settlers to Újfundlandi. Újfundlandi expands 9*576 sq km.
- China intentionally spreads disease to the Aztec and Incan Empires.
- Yo, you can't take advantage of blank nations, it's against game etiquette, and besides, foreigners didn't know they had the disease, they assumed it had always been there. No way you could find out this quickly if the new world was discovered under 50 years ago. Also, not to mention biological warfare was unheard of at the time and it is not usable for practical military purposes because it works indirectly. Not to mention that they always explained diseases with bad energy flow and evil spirits. And you haven't developed your medical technology at all.
- Metallurgy is refined by Tsalagi, and Mamluk style scimitars, though much cruder become more widespread in Tsalagi. Deaths from diseases from the Old World become worse, and this reinforces the belief in the citizenry that as a king dies, disease is inflicted upon the land. Elements of Islam and the Ehkasgahian religion begin to fuse.
- France: French Wales is given provincial status. Acadia continues to grow. A colony is established in OTL Florida, and is called Florida. Manhattan Island receives its first colonists near OTL New York Harbor, and it is named the colony of New France, the Hudson River is explored by a man named Leone Orleans, and the river is given the name Orleans.
- Brandenburgian troops, after being harassed by Mandinka warriors, retaliate by burning the city of Koumbi Saleh. They are forced back by disease, however, and are unable to form a sustainable colony away from the coast.
I will be gone for a few days, please do not mess with France or its colonies while I am gone. JSimcox 18:29, April 15, 2011 (UTC)
- The Ottomans expand in Diu.
- The Vietnamese start building a system of schools in their colonies to educate the colonists.
- The Malmulk colony in Florida expands by 9*576 sq km.
- France invades Castilla and slowly begins to occupy territory, and the Battle of Barcelona ends in a huge French victory.
- The provisional ruler of Tsalagi, General Kanj, raises a vast army, which includes many mercenaries from other tribes and Old World explorers and marches west and south, wanting to control the Mississippi. This does not go down well with the nobles who feel sidelined. Disease continues to spread, and King Chanrak dies.
- Japan expands Doitsuchihou. They ask France for an alliance to move into the Dutch coast and split it.
- Hanthawaddy expands into Gondwana, establishing a border with Tenjikuminato. Its economy becomes increasingly powerful as it begins gaining territory in Hindu regions. Hanthawaddy establishes contact with the Ternate Sultanate, giving it a hold on the spice trade. They also plan an expedition to western Africa, in order to gain a foothold in Africa.
- Why, pray tell, is France black on the map? It makes it easy to confuse them with the "empty" space on the map.
- Running out of color ideas. I'll make it royal blue on the next map.
- The Russian's beloved Prince Ivan III dies. His son and co-regent Vassiliy III, as his succesor is now the grand prince. Vasili pushes the Italian architects to build new bastions for the Kremlin. More settlers arrive at Novomoskovsk, need for more farmland grows, So Dimitri Boyasin Decides to travel along the OTL Hudson River, expanding the Russian colony of Novorossiya by 25px(small economic construction for main: 0.5 turn to colony).
- This year has the Vietnamese crown their first Empress. Quite a few in the royal court resign their positions, as they refuse to serve under a woman.
- France: Castilla's capital falls and the entire nation is annexed by the French Empire.
- In order to make up for the loss of the Hporubitoi colony, King Binnya Ran II of Hanthawaddy orders an expedition to western Africa. There, they find the Brandenburgian colony, and ask for an alliance with Brandenburg. They also set up a small trading post on the island of Otcho (Bioko), which they call Pioko Mon, or Piokomon. There, they trade with the local Bubi people, as well as Brandenburg.
- Újfundlandi expands 7*576 sq km.
- General Kanj returns to Equagadahu after a short campaign which saw a small expansion south into OTL South Carolina and Alabama. He is assassinated by angry nobles, who seize power and elect the son of King Chanrak to the position of King. He is only a child and so is easy to manipulate. Many nobles begin to adopt Mamluk modes of dress.
- Doitsuchihou expands 8*50 sq km.
- Malmulk colonies in Florida and Cuba expand 7*576 sq km while more small settlements are place on the coast of OTL south America (Georgia, South Carolina, etc).
- Mamluk ;) Makes it easier for me. -DK
- Quick question though, when will you continue that one TL you made, the one about the Inca's? -BSE
- Russia grows african colony by 25 px and sends settlers to the outpost now named Noviy Vladimir(New Vladimir). The construction of a new palace in the kremlin is completed, the work on the replacement of walls and the building of new towers starts, supervised by renaissance architechts in italy.
- The former Vietnamese government officials start a conspiracy against the new Empress. A pro-government mole amongst their numbers begins the task of leaking their plans to the government.
- Hanthawaddy works on expanding its military, and building a navy. Having fallen behind on its military technology, it begins to improve its slingshot-muskets. It asks for an alliance from Brandenburg.
- Japan focuses on exporting Japanese culture to Europe. Japanese-style castles begin springing up through OTL Germany, and sinologograms are adopted by scholarly classes with regimes under Japanese influence. Meanwhile, they attempt to contact the isolationist Dutch government (sorry, I couldn't resist. Can DK make sure the Netherlands sets up a Dejima-style relationship?)
- Well, you have to communicate with the Kalmar Union (User:Baconton, User:BoredMatt), because currently the owner is Norway. I don't think that would make them isolationist.
- Brandenburg accepts the Hanthawaddy alliance, in addition to offering to sell some of their newest arquebuses. Their African colony is expanded by 7*576 sq km.
- Hungary expands Újfundlandi by 5*576 sq km. Meanwhile, a port is built in Szent András.
- Chanagahu is completed, and ships are beginning to be built in its docks. Tsalagan national unity is at an all-time high, and the nobles exercise the influence they want. For the first time in years, true political stability has descended upon Tsalagi.
- Russian armies move to the city of Sibir (Qashliq), the capital of the Sibir Khanate, where they organize a coup d'etat during the winter. A civil war in the region breaks out, Russian supporters vs the Khan's loyalists. It ends within months, overthrowing the Khan. The Prince of Russia, Vasili III ventures to the region in the last weeks of the war and sits on the throne of Sibir. The Russians capture the Khan and lock him up for the rest of his life. This formaly overthrows the Khans and creates a personal/dynastic union with Russia.
- Unusually cold weather patterns in Eastern Europe ruin the growing season in the northern Ottoman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Doutsuchihou, Sweden and much of Russia. Famine is most prevalent in Russia and Poland-Lithuania.
- Joseon, which had been amping up their military (sorry I didn't post), expands their Kamchatkan colony by 16 px.
- Keltic Union Colonies in Newfoundland grow by 10 km.
- The conspirators begin commiting acts of sabotage against the government they hate. Fortunately most of their attempts are foiled by Vietnamese troops, who are notified by the mole's reports.
- Japan begins building a university at Kionigusuberugo near Kionigusuberugo-jo~. It is called Kionigusuberugo Daigaku, or Kionidai for short. In order to cope up with the growing season crisis, food is imported from the mainland.
- Hanthawaddy enters a period of peace and relative stability. During the year, Katimon and Jamaicamon are expanded by 14*50 sq km each, while Piokomon is expanded by 3*50 sq km. However, the Mon governnent decides to abandon expansion temporarily over the next few years to bring Hanthawaddy into another golden age.
- I'm going to be gone for the next few turns. Yank is in charge for now. He is the only person here who can post mod actions. -DK
- Újfundlandi expands 6*576 sq km.
- Tsalagi continues to expand the navy, and explores the coast. They come into contact with the various colonies along the Eastern Coast of North America, encountering Hungarians, Kelts, Russians and all manner of native peoples. The Iroquois especially interest the Tsalagans, as they speak a similar language.
- The Chinese land in Incan territory and invade with alarming force.
- Russians import as much food as they can from their colonies in Africa and in America to combat the famine. The Metropolitan of Rus, the spiritual leader of the country releases a statement on how to deal with this famine, to keep only what you need to survive, and give to those who need, if you can. The Russian land in the Urals and Siberia (which is in Asia, not Eastern Europe) experience more prosperity in terms of crops, and mass food sources are sent from the Sibir Khanate and the Ural lands to combat the famine in West Russia. This situation requres Vasili to have a permanant force to control inhabitants that would otherwise rampage stores, so he creates the Streletskiye voyska, or Streltsis, a permanent army division of musketeers.
- Joseon amps up their military, and begins to manufacture a prototype "Turtle Ship", an iron plated ship which will be literally invincible against all but cannons. The Joseon army is also amped up, especially by providing arquebuses which have a much higher rate of fire.
- Brandenburg begins to become more directed toward the cities. The first universities are founded and the countryside decreases in population.
- The conspirators, still unaware of the mole, attempt to launch a coup against the Empress. The coup is, of course, suppressed and the conspirators are arrested.
- Újfundlandi expands 10*576 sq km. Meanwhile, an expedition is sent to Új Kotor.
- A Tsalagan ship is wrecked off the coast of Újfundlandi. The survivors make their way inland and meet the Hungarian settlers. A political envoy from the ship proposes some kind of trade alliance. Elsewhere, Tsalagi consolidates its gains from past wars and expands its coastline south.
- A Brandenburgian ship lands in OTL Brazil. Although it originally sets up a small settlement, it is wiped out by a combination of disease and the natives. This leads Brandenburg to turn its attention to its African colonies.
- Japan, eager to keep up state-of-the-art military technology and techniques, begins improving the arquebus to become an early rifle, and copy the Joseon Turtle Ship
- Russia amps up military. The IWD (Institute for Weapons Development) discovers rifling in muskets will improve range and accuracy, but deem it to be impractical because of issues regarding loading from the muzzle, which they will try to fix, but not now. Colony in Africa expands by ten px.
- The conspirators are executed for their coup attempt. The mole becomes an important government official.


text:
The residence welcomes guests with its modern decoration and 52 fully-equipped, air-conditioned apartments located on 3 floors. Facilities include a lobby with 24-hour reception and check-out services, lift access, a breakfast room and conference facilities. For an additional fee, guests may also make use of the WLAN Internet access, laundry service and a car park.Reception services available from 7:00am to 12:00am and 2:00pm to 10pm from Monday to Saturday and from 7:00am to 12:00am and 4:30pm to 8:00pm on Sunday and Bank Holiday.Amenities include a kitchenette with a refrigerator, ceramic glass cooking surface, microwave, basket, crockery and appliances, an en suite bathroom with bathtub and hairdryer, a double bed or 2 twins beds for studio suite. Junior Suite has a sofa bed. Other in-room amenities include a direct dial telephone, LCD TV, wireless Internet access (surcharge) and ironing set (on demand).
By car: Take the A4 motorway and take exit 2 towards Strasbourg Place des Halles. Then, follow signs for Place des Halles and turn left at the Rue des Magasins. By train from Strasbourg train station, heads towards Place des Halles and then Rue des Magasins.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Wang A, Squires MH, Melis M, Poultsides GA, Norton JA, Jin LX, Fields RC, Spolverato G, Pawlik TM, Votanopoulos KI, Levine EA, Schmidt C, Bloomston M, Cho CS, Weber S, Berman R, Pachter HL, Newman E, Staley CA, Maithel SK, Hatzaras I
|Author Profile(s)
|J. Am. Coll. Surg. Volume: 222 Issue: 4 Pages: 633-43
|Publish Date
|2016 Apr
|PubMed ID
Gastric cancer constitutes a major public health problem. This study sought to evaluate the relevance of race in gastric cancer and its prognostic effect in the overall outcomes of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.Patients who underwent curative intent resection of gastric adenocarcinoma in 8 institutions of the US Gastric Cancer Collaborative were included, from 2000 to 2012. Nonparametric descriptive statistics were used to evaluate characteristics of standard demographic data. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify factors associated with recurrence-free survival and overall survival.There were 1,077 patients included in the study, the majority of whom were of Caucasian race (n = 698, 68%), followed by African-American (n = 164, 15%), Asian (n = 132, 12%), Hispanic (n = 34, 3.2%), and other (n = 49, 4.5%). Clinicopathologic data were similarly distributed among the 5 groups. Mean follow-up was 27.1 months. By multivariate, stage-specific analysis, Asian race was a significant predictor of recurrence (all stages hazard ratio [HR] 0.45 95% CI [0.23, 0.97], p = 0.041) and of overall survival (all stages HR 0.35 95% CI [0.18, 0.68], p = 0.002). Recurrence-free survival was significantly increased in the Asian population compared with the non-Asian population (25th percentile: 38.6 vs 17.7 months, p = 0.0096), as was overall median survival (141 vs 38.8 months, p < 0.001).Patients of Asian race undergoing curative gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma appear to have a better prognosis stage for stage. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying etiology of this phenomenon.


text:
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|Fixed Assets
|£ 303,558
|Tangible Fixed Assets
|£ 9,219
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|£ 295,346
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|£ 292,866
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|£ 1,780
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|£ 700
|Total Assets Less Current Liabilities
|£ 295,346
|Net Current Assets Liabilities
|£ 8,212
|Creditors Due Within One Year
|£ 10,790
|Cash Bank In Hand
|£ 2,578
|Share Capital Allotted Called Up Paid
|£ 700
|Number Shares Allotted
|£ 700
|Tangible Fixed Assets Cost Or Valuation
|£ 9,219
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|£ 294,339
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text:
Cycling the Dalmatian Islands with VBT
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The Interview: Maria Elena Malpezzi-Price of ExperiencePlus!
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Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary pigmentation disorder affecting humans and several other animal species. Oculocutaneous albinism was studied in a herd of Murrah buffalo to determine the clinical presentation and genetic basis of albinism in this species.
Clinical examinations and pedigree analysis were performed in an affected herd, and wild-type and OCA tyrosinase mRNA sequences were obtained. The main clinical findings were photophobia and a lack of pigmentation of the hair, skin, horns, hooves, mucosa, and iris. The results of segregation analysis suggest that this disease is acquired through recessive inheritance. In the OCA buffalo, a single-base substitution was detected at nucleotide 1,431 (G to A), which leads to the conversion of tryptophan into a stop codon at residue 477.
This premature stop codon produces an inactive protein, which is responsible for the OCA buffalo phenotype. These findings will be useful for future studies of albinism in buffalo and as a possible model to study diseases caused by a premature stop codon.
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder characterized by a partial or total absence of melanin in the hair, skin and eyes in humans and animals. Tyrosinase catalyzes the first two steps of melanin biosynthesis, i.e., the hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and the subsequent oxidation of DOPA to dopaquinone [1]. Loss of tyrosinase (TYR) mRNA expression prevents melanin synthesis, thereby causing albinism [2].
Cases of OCA caused by mutations in the TYR gene that encodes tyrosinase have been documented in several mammalian species, including humans [2-8]. Mutations in other genes (TYRP1, OCA2) have also been associated with different types of OCA [9-11] and ocular albinism (OA1) in humans [12]. Mutations in the human LYST and HPS genes are responsible for OCA and are associated with Chediak-Higashi [13] and Hermansky-Pudlak [14] syndromes, respectively. Mutation of the LYST gene in cattle is also responsible for OCA and for a syndrome similar to the human form of Chediak-Higashi [15].
Oculocutaneous albinism has previously been reported in an Anatolian buffalo calf in Turkey [16] and in a herd of Murrah buffalo in Brazil [17]. Additionally, a white water buffalo calf was described in 1925 [18] in which every hair on the body was white but the eyes exhibited normal pigmentation. However, the mutation responsible for these cases was not investigated. The objective of the present study is to report the clinical and genetic features of albinism in a herd of water buffalo of the Murrah breed. We report the sequence of the TYR gene in both wild-type and OCA Murrah buffalo and describe a nonsense mutation that produces a premature stop codon that results in an abbreviated protein product. This abnormal protein is responsible for OCA in these animals.
The disease was studied in a herd of Murrah buffalo in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil (S 31°49'03" and W 52°26'25"). The data were obtained by reviewing the genetic records of the experimental herd (1297 animals born into the herd beginning in 1996), and the affected buffalo were subjected to clinical examination. The active sires in 1996 were considered as a base population to the estimate herd's consanguinity. However, the complete genealogical data from these sires and from those sires incorporated into the herd after 1996 were used for segregation analysis. The segregation analysis and the estimation of allele frequencies were performed using Geneprob software (Gene Probe Inc., Atlanta, GA) [19]. The coefficient of consanguinity was calculated using in-house-developed software based on the algorithm described by Meuwissen and Luo [20]. Under a hypothesis of Mendelian recessive inheritance with complete penetrance, the frequency of albinism among offspring that were from sires considered to be unequivocally heterozygous and were mated either with their own daughters or with daughters from sires sharing the same characteristics was tested to determine if the observed frequency of albinism agreed with the expected frequency, considering a binomial distribution (n, p=1/8).
All experiments were performed according to the regulations of the Sao Paulo State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (231/2011-CEUA). Skin samples were collected from six Murrah buffalo with a clinical diagnosis of OCA (III-110, VII-690, X-253, X-257, X-273, and XII-10a) and from four normal Murrah buffalo with black skin (control group). The TYR mRNA sequence was then determined for each subject. The animals used as the control group belonged to a herd from Sao Paulo State (S 22°88'78" and W 48°50'07"). Blood samples for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA sequencing were collected from 15 Murrah buffalo, including nine albinos (III-110, VII-690, IX-167, X-253, X-257, X-273, XI-290, XI-351, and XII-10a), four heterozygotes (VI-523, VI-639, VIII-7, and VIII-553) and two wild-type buffalo (control herd).
Skin biopsies were obtained from four black wild-type buffalo using a 5-mm punch (Kolplast, Sao Paulo, Brazil). The samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after the biopsy procedure and then stored at -80°C until RNA purification. Total RNA was isolated from the skin samples using the RNeasy® Mini Kit (Qiagen®, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The relative purity and quality of the isolated RNA were determined with a Nanodrop® 2000 Spectrophotometer (Thermo ScientificTM, Wilmington, DE). The absorbance ratio (A260/A280 nm) exceeded 1.8 for all samples. To ensure the complete removal of all genomic DNA, 2 μg of total RNA was incubated with RQ1 RNase-Free DNase (Promega, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer's instructions. First-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using 600 ng of total RNA per 60 ml reaction volume using random hexamers and the ImProm-IITM Reverse Transcription System (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Because the buffalo TYR mRNA sequence is not publicly available, 10 sets of heterologous primers were designed (Table1) based on the Bos taurus TYR mRNA sequence deposited in GenBankTM (NM_181001.2). PrimerQuest® software (Integrated DNA Technologies Inc., Coralville, IA) was used to obtain the TYR mRNA sequence of the normal buffalo.
The RT-PCR amplifications were performed in a total volume of 50 μl, which contained 0.3 μM each forward and reverse primer, 5 μl of template cDNA, 25 μl of GoTaq® Green PCR Master Mix (Promega), and 17 μl of nuclease-free water. In addition, a no-template control reaction was performed in duplicate to check for the possible presence of contamination in the preparations. The obtained RT-PCR products were analyzed via 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis (InvitrogenTM, Carlsbad, CA), stained with the Sybr® Safe DNA Gel Stain (InvitrogenTM) and then purified using the QIAquick® PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen®). The purified products of the correct estimated size were then submitted for direct sequence analysis using BigDye® Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing (Applied BiosystemsTM, Foster City, CA). Each reaction was performed in quadruplicate using 5 μl of each of the forward and reverse primers and 10 μl of the RT-PCR product. The obtained sequences and electropherograms were analyzed using Sequencing Analysis 5.3.1 software (Applied BiosystemsTM). The B. bubalis TYR mRNA sequence obtained from wild-type buffalo was subjected to BLAST searches (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) against other mammalian TYR sequences deposited in GenBankTM and aligned using CLUSTAL X software.
Skin biopsies were performed on the six buffalo with OCA, and RNA purification, reverse transcription, RT-PCR and sequencing were performed as described above to obtain the TYR mRNA sequences. These sequences were then compared to the wild-type B. bubalis TYR mRNA sequence using the CLUSTAL X program to identify potential mutations in the TYR mRNA sequence from the buffalo with OCA.
Blood sample DNA purification was performed using an IlustraTM blood genomic Prep Mini Spin Kit (GE Healthcare Life Science, Buckinghamshire, UK) according to the manufacturer's instructions. PCR for SNP DNA sequencing was performed as described above using only the ASBTYR-F3 and ASBTYR-R3 primers. PCR products of the expected size were purified, sequenced and analyzed as described previously.
In the studied herd, some of the cows were initially inseminated with semen imported from Bulgaria (from bull I-1 or II-2). According to the records, despite the fact that these two bulls were from the same Bulgarian stud, they were not related, at least up to two generations, but both grandfathers came from India, indicating a small chance of a previous relationship between them. Unfortunately, we have no information concerning the occurrence of albinism in this Bulgarian stud. During a 12-year period, 1.6% (16/970) of the calves produced were born with albinism. The pedigree of the calves with albinism is presented in Figure Figure1.1. With the exception of X-257, which shared kinship with only one of the Bulgarian sires (I-1), all of the albino animals born into the herd shared kinship with both of the imported sires (I-1 and II-2) whose imported semen was used on the farm. The calculated frequency for the recessive allele was 0.0552 and the frequency of albinism in the herd was 16/970. Considering the active sires in 1996 as the founders of the herd, the mean consanguinity coefficient was 6.01% for the 84 animals born in 2009. Among the albino animals, the consanguinity was 14.9%, and only two of the albino animals showed no consanguinity (III-110 and X-257). The results of the segregation analysis showed that the assessed genealogical data agree with the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance. When the numbers of albino offspring from sires considered unequivocally heterozygous mated with their own daughters or with daughters from heterozygous sires were compared using segregation analysis, we obtained a value of 12/73, indicating no significant difference (p>0.11) from the expected value (9.1/73), even ignoring the possibility that the cows could have received the recessive allele from their mothers.
In the animals with albinism, the skin and the stratum corneum of the horns (Figure (Figure2)2) and hooves were white, and the mucosa appeared pink. In the periocular region, an absence of pigmentation was observed in the eyelashes, conjunctiva and iris (Figure (Figure3).3). The affected buffalo were able to avoid obstacles, but they manifested signs of photophobia by keeping their eyes only partially open, especially when exposed to sunlight.
The TYR mRNA sequence obtained from the wild-type buffalo was 1,958 base pairs (bp) in length (accession number JN_887462), including 39 bp in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and 326 bp in the 3'-UTR. The open reading frame of the TYR sequence was 1,593 bp long, and the corresponding peptide sequence consisted of 530 amino acids.
In comparisons of the buffalo TYR coding sequence with the TYR coding sequences from seven other mammalian species, we observed that the length did not vary, except compared to humans (one fewer amino acid) and mice (three additional amino acids). The TYR coding sequence of the wild-type buffalo shared a greater identity with the cattle (98%) and sheep (97%) sequences than with other mammalian TYR sequences deposited in GenBankTM.
The TYR gene sequence obtained for the OCA buffalo was deposited in GenBankTM (JN_887463). The sequence was then analyzed for polymorphisms between the OCA and wild-type buffalo. Comparison of the TYR coding regions in the OCA buffalo revealed a single-base substitution at nucleotide 1,431 (G to A), which causes the conversion of a tryptophan (TGG477) into a stop codon (TGA477). This premature stop codon produces a truncated TYR protein with 53 fewer amino acids than the wild-type TYR protein.
The SNP sequence responsible for OCA in the buffalo was confirmed by PCR using the primers ASBTYR-F3 and ASBTYR-R3. The wild-type, heterozygote and albino sequences obtained in this study were assembled, and the resulting chromatogram is shown in Figure Figure44.
Albinism was diagnosed in 16 buffalo over a 12-year period. The affected animals exhibited the characteristic phenotype of the disease: a white coat, non-pigmented skin and eyes, and pink mucosa [6,7]. In a previous experiment evaluating another recessive trait [21], some of the sires in the studied herd, including VI-50, were mated several times with their daughters and nieces. This contributed to the increased frequency of albinism among the herd (16/970) compared with the expected frequency if mating were randomly distributed (3/970), considering the expected allelic frequency. This breeding program also contributed to the increase of consanguinity in the herd. The results from the segregation analysis suggest that the recessive allele could have been introduced by the two imported sires. Consanguinity also contributed to other hereditary diseases observed in this herd, including hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia [21], acantholytic mechanobullous dermatosis [22], and arthrogryposis [23].
Decreased pigmentation in the iris and the retina leads to a diminished ability to absorb light. Light reflects off of normal blood vessels in the back of the eye through the pale iris, resulting in the red eye color found in the studied buffalo and in other species with albinism [6,24]. The photophobia observed in the albino buffalo is the result of insufficient or absent iris pigmentation, which causes increased light-sensitivity and discomfort in the animals when exposed to bright light [24].
Molecular abnormalities in the TYR gene that are responsible for OCA have been described in American mink [3], rabbits [4], chickens [5], cattle [6], whales [8], mice [25], rats [26], cats [7,27,28], and ferrets [29]. In addition, approximately 200 TYR mutations have been described in humans (http://albinismdb.med.umn.edu/) [30]. Therefore, TYR was the first candidate gene to be tested in OCA buffalo, and the results of this study confirmed that TYR was also affected in these animals. However, the mutation reported in this study differed from all of the mutations described in other species.
A frameshift mutation generating a premature stop codon (TGA491) resulting in a truncated TYR protein that is shortened by 21 amino acids has been reported in humans [31]. This mutation is found in the putative transmembrane region in exon 5 of the TYR gene (between nucleotides 1,420 and 1,500) and results in the elimination of the carboxy-terminal portion. In buffalo, the detected mutation also occurs in the putative transmembrane region in exon 5 of the TYR gene (nucleotide 1,431), generating a premature stop codon, and as in humans, the carboxy-terminal portion is also eliminated. This region contains a short amino acid sequence (serine-histidine-leucine) that acts as a targeting signal for the transport of several peroxisomal enzymes into peroxisomes [31,32].
The premature stop codon eliminates the targeting signal in humans [31] and most likely has the same effect in buffalo, thereby compromising the insertion and transport of the protein within the melanosome (considered to be modified peroxisomes) membrane and inactivating the tyrosinase enzyme. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality control mechanism that detects and degrades mRNAs containing premature termination codons. If translated, these mRNAs can produce truncated proteins with dominant-negative or deleterious gain-of-function activities [33,34]. This mechanism has implications for human diseases [35,36] and has also been associated with a mutation resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon (exon 1) in the chicken sex-linked allele that causes imperfect albinism [37]. In the albino buffalo, the results of the RNA sequence evaluation indicate that this mechanism is most likely ineffective, as mRNAs with nonsense mutations in the final exon escape NMD because there is no intron downstream of the premature stop codon [34,38-40].
In buffalo, albinism is an autosomal recessive disease. The detected premature stop codon (G1431A) produces an inactive protein, which is responsible for the OCA buffalo phenotype.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest, finance or relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence their work.
ASB, FRC and ALS designed the study. MCFD and ALS performed the clinical examination and studied the albino buffalo herd. GMX and JPOF performed the molecular study. HNO performed the segregation analyses. All authors reviewed the literature, prepared the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript.
MCFD is from the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa, Pelotas, Brazil. GXM and FRC are from the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Brazil. JPOF and ASB are from the Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Department of Veterinary Clinical Science / College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ. Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil. HNO is from the Departamento de Zootecnia / Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Univ Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil. ALS is from the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of the Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Funding for part of this work was provided by the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq 304920/2009-6).
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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TUSCALOOSA — Boyd Duckett turns his head, pauses and points to a life-sized rendition of himself on the wall at L&L Marine.
"When did you put that up?" he asks, motioning to the poster proclaiming him the 2007 Bassmaster Classic Champion.
Everybody inside the marina laughs and owner Bob Hale points to the entrance.
"Got you on the door, too," Hale says, indicating a large photo of Duckett, arms stretched above his head with fists clenched in victory.
"I walked right past it and didn't even see it," Duckett says, laughing.
Weary from days with only three or four hours' sleep, a constant media barrage and hours of tense competition on the water, Duckett stretches out on the deck of a bass boat on the showroom floor. With his back against the boat's windshield, he proclaims it as comfortable as a living room couch.
But the way anglers and employees gather around him, it looks more like a throne. On this day, Duckett is king, king of all bass fishermen. And even if he is the same guy they rubbed elbows with on the Warrior and Tombigbee, fishing in weekend tournaments, it's not every day that the Bassmaster Classic Champion waltzes into the local marina and chews the fat.
On Sunday, the Demopolis businessman became the first Alabama resident to win the Bassmaster Classic, and he was the first angler ever to win the big tournament fishing on his home state's waters.
Duckett's cell phone jingles constantly. He ignores it for the most part, catching a few special calls. He has yet to make it back to Demopolis and his eyes reveal the weariness of an intense two-week experience. But his voice is full of life.
"I did three television shows last night and two press conferences and probably 50 telephone interviews," he says. "My cell phone rings a lot more than it used to. When I woke up this morning, I had 106 missed calls."
All the attention comes after three straight days of waking at 3:30 a.m., getting on the water before daylight, fishing until 2 p.m. and going through the four-hour weigh-in. His head didn't hit the pillow until midnight every evening.
"Sunday, I fell asleep between the boat landing and the civic center," Duckett says. And he did it knowing his boat most likely held a stringer that would land him bass fishing's most prestigious title and a $500,000 first prize.
While Duckett may be coveting a long, uninterrupted sleep, it's not hard to tell he loves every minute of it. He smiles at his new Triton bass boat with a paint job that comes complete with an artist's rendition of a pair of red shoes. They're his trademark dating back to his first win on the professional tour.
"I won the thing in red shoes," Duckett shrugs. "There are fishermen who won't change their underwear if they win in them."
The Demopolis businessman formulated a plan for winning the Classic, told everyone what he planned and then executed it almost flawlessly. He started by fishing shallow sandbars with crank baits every day to put a solid, respectable five-fish limit in the boat. Then he worked shallow grass beds for two big bites every day and when he put the big fish in his boat, he tossed back a smaller one.
His key to winning was getting the big fish. He counted on hauling out two 4- to 6-pound fish a day on his Berkley Chigger Craw. The first day he put an 8-pounder in the boat and on Sunday it was a 6 1/2-pound fish.
His first-day big fish gave him the cushion he needed. On Saturday, he missed both the big ones he was looking for. He hooked another 8-pounder that day that rolled up on top of the weeds and spit out the hook.
"In the Bassmaster Classic, I had to watch an 8-pounder swim away," Duckett says, remembering his worst moment of the tournament. "The worst thing you can do is worry about something swimming away."
His response was to immediately begin pitching the lure again. An angler who broods over lost fish gets out of the groove. And fish tend to cluster, meaning other opportunities are in the water in front of him.
"If you spend the next 10 minutes frustrated by the bite you missed, you'll miss the next one, too," he says.
He believes it is critical to keep a level head during the tournament. He had a cameraman onboard with him and camera boats and spectator boats trailing him. Back at the Civic Center, he was never out of the bright lights. Letting the tournament "get into your head" can be a fatal error.
"We're rock stars for two weeks," he says. "I enjoyed it. But I never got caught up in it. When I back the boat in the water, I'm through with the world. I just focus and fish. All the camera boats and all that, I just don't pay any attention to that."
Tuning out the glitter and focusing on the plan made the difference for him. He knew what it took to win the tournament and he didn't let anything distract him.
Duckett led the first day by about 2 pounds but trailed by 4 pounds the second day. He didn't panic, figuring it would take an average of 17 pounds a day to win and he could still make that.
He figures being behind on the last day was a good thing. He went for broke.
"The third day, I was far enough behind that I had to go for it anyway," Duckett said.
Professional bass fishing is rarely an all-or-nothing proposition. Anglers aim for consistently high finishes and take wins when they come along. The Bassmaster Classic is the only tournament where winning is the only thing that matters.
"If I didn't catch them the third day, I'd have just been another name from 11th to 50th place," he said. "Who finished fifth or six? Nobody knows. All that matters is who won."
And there was a magic moment Sunday when Duckett knew it was going to happen.
"When I got the 6½-pounder in the boat, it was over," Duckett remembers. "I had won the Bassmaster Classic on the water. At least I thought I had; Skeet [Reese, second-place finisher] came a lot closer than I thought he would."
A short time later, he found himself in a room at the Birmingham Civic Center as a member of the "Super Six," the six top finishers. He was rubbing elbows with Reese, Kevin Van Dam and other heavy hitters in the ranks of professional fishing. It was a sweet moment.
After the weigh-in, it was a blur of questions and flash bulbs. He hoped for a good, long night's sleep but representatives from Berkley, the bait company, banged on his door at 7 a.m. wanting him up and out for a photo shoot.
And that's just the start because the light shines bright on the Classic winner. He'll be at the University of Alabama for an interview with ESPN radio and then he's flying to Little Rock. On Thursday, he's at Woods and Water for the L&L Marine Boat Show and Friday he'll mix and mingle with the home folks at an event sponsored by the Demopolis Area Chamber of Commerce. Saturday, he's on the tournament trail again at Lake Amistead in Texas.
Like it or not, Duckett will be the official face of bass fishing for the next year.
"The sport means a lot to me," Duckett says. "The Classic champion plays a big part in our sport. Ambassador for the sport is definitely the job I took on."
While Duckett has tasted the sweet victory anglers across the country dream of, he doesn't believe he has achieved the sport's ultimate goal. That is BASS Angler of the Year, he said.
"We fish from March to October," Duckett says. "You wind up with a guy who beat the whole field, the best in the world, all year long. To the pros, the Angler of the Year is the Holy Grail. And I'm going to win it or to keep fishing until I do, or get too old to fish anymore."
The quest is on.


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Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Nitric Oxide as Adjunctive Treatment for Cerebral Malaria in Children
This study has been completed.
Mbarara University of Science and Technology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Medecins Sans Frontieres, Netherlands
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First received: November 23, 2010
Last updated: February 29, 2016
Last verified: February 2016
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No Study Results Posted on ClinicalTrials.gov for this Study
|Study Status:
|This study has been completed.
|Study Completion Date:
|February 2014
|Primary Completion Date:
|February 2014 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)


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Lemon Fluff
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READY IN: 20mins
Recipe by mollypaul
A luscious dessert. From the Western Cookbook chapter of the United States Regional Cookbook, Culinary Arts Institute of Chicago, 1947.
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Ingredients Nutrition
- 4 eggs, separated
- 1 lemon, juice of (grate rind and reserve)
- 1 cup sugar
- 3 tablespoons lemon gelatin or 1 tablespoon gelatin powder
- 1⁄2 cup water
- 1⁄2 pint heavy cream
- vanilla wafer, crushed
Directions See How It's Made
- Beat egg yolks; add lemon juice, rind and 1/2 cup sugar and cook in a double boiler until it thickens.
- Dissolve the lemon gelatin in 1/2 cup hot water or soften the granulated gelatin in 1/4 cup cold water for five minutes, then dissolve in 1/4 cup boiling water.
- Add dissolved gelatin to first mixture as soon as it has cooked until thickened.; mix well and cool until it begins to congeal.
- Lightly butter an 8" square pan and coat bottom and sides with vanilla wafer crumbs.
- Beat with an whisk.
- Whip the cream until soft peaks form.
- Beat egg whites until frothy and add remaining 1/2 cup sugar a tablespoon at a time, beating well between additions.
- Fold carefully into gelatin mixture along with the whipped cream.
- Pour into prepared pan and cover with a light sprinkling of the crumbs.
- Chill until firm.


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It's not unheard of to use an app to order a pizza or to shop for some clothes. You can even use an app to book a babysitter. And now, thanks to a new app called Handybook, you can book a plumber, a maid, a handyman, and someone to do yard work and odd jobs.
The Handyman network screens applicants to make sure that you are getting a plumber when you ask for a plumber. Here is more from the press release: "Each plumber has completed a background and reference check, as well as an in-person interview with the Handybook team. Handybook's strict screening process guarantees each service provider will be on-time, experienced and reliable—and perform the work at a set price to avoid gimmicks or rip-offs."
This past October, Handyman raised $2 million seed-funding to help finance the offering.


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This guy looked at me and said you look like a Mac. And the guy I'm talking to replied to him saying I've always been a Mac. So I was just wondering if its good or bad, I guess?
Most Helpful Guy
That's part of an old Apple advertising campaign - or maybe it was a PC advertising campaign. It refers to a Mac computer owner vs a PC owner. As a group the two tended to have very different personalities. But it's really referring to which kind of computer you use, with the implied stereotype of the personality associated with it.
By saying you look like a Mac, he's probably implying you look like a liberal, tree-hugger, artist, hippie, non-traditionalist who were the stereotype Mac users in the old days.
That stereotype was real. But it's not nearly as true now as it used to be during the Mac vs PC wars.00|00|0


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Pillbox Hat
Description: Pillbox hat of red felt. The cylindrical crown is flat at top, and encircled by matching material gathered and scrunched to create horizontal wrinkles around the crown. Set off to front right side is rosette/spiral of red feather. Lined in a silvery/gold and black fabric, and with a red grosgrain inner hatband. Maker's label inside: "Dolly Madison"
Date: 1955~
Creator: Dolly Madison
Item Type: Refine your search to only Physical Object
Partner: UNT College of Visual Arts + Design