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Home » Opinions » Guess the referee
June 27, 2011
Guess the referee
I joined several tournaments, including a CONFED Cup and a World Cup.
I ran the lines at my countryman's side for a long time, however, my countryman got only one match at his latest tournament.
Who am I?
9 Comments:
- Anonymous29/6/11 15:40
Ben WilsonReplyDelete
good but not the correct answer. I know all the criteria fits for Wilson. However, Wilson is an active FIFA AR, no former one. Any idea? A hint: "I come from the American continent"ReplyDelete
- Anonymous29/6/11 16:34
Ben Wilson has just retired (Source: http://www.capitalfootball.com.au/site/referees.php?id=1518).ReplyDelete
Uuh, I did not know that.ReplyDelete
In this context, the solution is correct, however I actually looked for another one, but perhaps you him as well :)
SOLUTION: "My name is Michael Ragoonath. I ran Neal Brizan's lines for a long time, I was at Confed Cup 2001 and WC 2002 where I refereed 4 matches as linesman (e.g. Germany-K.Saudi Arabia 8-0). Brizan only got one match at his latest Gold Cup.ReplyDelete
For two years, I am not active any more.
Where are all of the July posts?ReplyDelete
just click on the header below.ReplyDelete
Or follow this link to get onto the main page.
The German referee team in the U.S.-Japan game was truly outstanding. So was the game...other than the idiotic usw of kicks from the mark. As in tennis, no championship should ever be decided on such an artificial tie-breaker basis. Allow additional subs, take players off of the field. The return of the "golden goal" would decrease the number of such ridiculous shootouts. And for youth soccer, it's downright emotionally abusive.ReplyDelete
you are absolutely right. I have enough of those matches like the last WC final when no-one wanted to make a mistake. NED-ESP was one of the poorest matches of the whole competition. If I watch GER-CZE again, this Golden Goal rule was simply exciting..ReplyDelete


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subset: commoncrawl


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|[math] assert policy
|Wed, 15 Aug 2012 20:46:06 GMT
Sebb, Gilles and I would like to start a discussion about the use of assert in CM code. This started by comments in a JIRA ticket (https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/MATH-845), I rewrite below a summary: Gilles, commenting on my code: "assert" statements should be replaced by precondition checks (raising an appropriate exception if they fail). myself: In the case of private or package private methods, is it also required to turn them into runtime checks ? Is it acceptable to simply comment them if the performance impact is significant ? Gilles: AFAIK, there is no policy for the use of "assert" within the CM code. In the case of a library like CM, robustness is important; I guess that it is less safe to use "assert" since an application could silently fail if assertions are not enabled. In cases where the method is for internal use only, and we are sure that the CM code calls it correctly, my preference would be to just remove the unused statement, and replace it with an appropriate comment stating why an explicit check is not necessary. Sebb: Interesting! I was about to ask the same question on the ML for another issue (incomplete beta function). I really would like to have this point discussed more widely, as I tend to prefer assertions over simple comments (assertions could be turned on (at least, locally) during testing). Of course, I'm in favor of an additional comment stating that explicit check is deemed unnecessary for private or package private methods. In my case, some package private methods provide approximations of some functions over a specific interval. I would then state in the javadoc the interval, and also that it is the responsibility of the user to make sure that this approximation is not called outside its domain. Gilles: IMO, neither "assert" statements nor simple comments are useful for testing (or more precisely, debugging). What we'd need is logging. "assert" aborts the program, but does not tell you how the wrong value made it there. I think that "assert" is very useful, but in applications (meaning: don't bother with the rest of the computation, as I know that someting went wrong). By contrast, in CM, no "assert" should ever be triggered from internal calls. Furthermore, no "assert" should ever be triggered from external calls, as that would mean that unsafe (if assertions are disabled) code can be called. To be robust, CM raises a "MathInternalError" at places no code path should ever lead to; but if one does, at least something predictable happens. One thing to check in the first place is whether a precondition check actually slows down things in an "unbearable" way. end of comments in MATH-845, let's discuss this in ML from now. @Gilles: sometimes assertion are a form of comments on steroid -> they will bark at you if you did not read them, and equally important: they are unambiguous. When I first write a method, it usually does not work right away. If it contains asserts, I usually get a clue of what's wrong, and if I don't, I try to write additional ones before tracking down the failure in a debug session. It is way faster, it forces me to understand better what I am coding (when I just follow a algorithm described in a paper, the typical situation for CM stuff) and the best of all: it will help anyone who later modify the code. -> in short, I see assertions as an invaluable tool to help developers, not just something to check input parameters in private methods. For this reason, I would support the following policy: 1. Use asserts as much as you like, but they are by no mean a substitute to runtime checks (code that throws "MathInternalError") for input parameters of public methods. 2. Asserts must be enabled in all unit tests Sebastien --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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How does a quit claim effect our tax situation?
My husband's parents quit claimed their home to us because we have been caring for them for over two years. How will this affect our taxes--and can we claim them as dependents?
Expert Answers
How the transfer is characterized depends largely upon whether your in-laws intended to transfer the home as a gift or as payment for your caretaking services.
If the transfer is treated as a gift, then there are no tax consequences to you as a result of the gift itself. Your in-laws, on the other hand, may be required to file a gift tax return and, depending upon the value of the home, may have a gift tax due.
If the transfer is treated as payment for services, the value of the home could be considered taxable income to you and your husband.
My guess is that the transfer is intended as a gift, and one inspired by your caretaking—though not necessarily made as payment for your services. Quite commonly, families make this kind of transfer as a sort of expedited inheritance: the caretakers receive what they expect to inherit, but earlier than anticipated. In addition, home ownership can become burdensome to those on fixed incomes or with limited mobility, so these changes in ownership often occur along with the aging process.
However, these transfers can cause family disagreements if your in-laws' intent is not entirely clear. For example, if your husband has siblings or if there are other family members who expect to inherit from your in-laws, it is wise to have your in-laws put in writing why they gifted the house to you.
There are consequences to you are in the form of property taxes and income taxes regardless of why or how you acquired the home. For one, as owners, you will be assessed with and responsible for the property taxes. Similarly, you will be entitled to deduct those property taxes on your income tax return.
You may also be entitled to claim your in-laws as dependents on your income tax return. To claim a dependent who is not your child on your return, that person must either live with you or have a particular relationship to you (parents count), must not make over a certain amount of money (the most recent number on this is a maximum income of $3500), and must count on you for at least half of their support. You can look at the particulars in IRS Publication 501, available at the IRS website or discuss the matter with an accountant.
Finally, if your in-laws receive government benefits, such as Medi-Care, they should make sure that the gift they made to you and your husband doesn't jeopardize those benefits.
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Dr. Andrew West MD
- Emergency Medicine Morrison, IL
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Reviews reflect patients' level of satisfaction with the care they received from this provider. Dr. Andrew West xhas an overall rating of 5.0.
Dr. Andrew West, MD is a Doctor primarily located in Morrison, IL, with another office in Sterling, IL. He has 42 years of experience. His specialties include Emergency Medicine, Legal Medicine and Family Medicine. Dr. West is affiliated with Marion VA Medical Center, Memorial Hospital and Morrison Community Hospital. He speaks English.
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Nelson McCoy Pottery Matte Console Bowl - No Reserve
- Sold for: Start Free Trial or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category: Ceramics
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Jul 08, 2007
- Channel: Auction House
Hello, for auction is a very nice, and very clean console centerpiece bowl from about 1925, made by Nelson McCoy, and signed. It is in the highly collectable matte finish, and a very subtle pale pastel yellow color. The design is like a cross between an organic vine or growing plant, and art deco swirls.........very cool in any case. A couple of the pictures show the makers mark of an upper case N over upper case M, on the bottom......typical for Nelson - McCoy pottery. This piece of early American pottery is in mint condition. It has some spots w the glaze bubbled a little during the firing process, but zero after market damage. It is a nice size at about 8 inches in diameter, and 3 inches tall. Modest opening bid for a nice piece of original Nelson McCoy pottery that displays quite nicely, and at no reserve.P.S. F.Y.I. I just want everyone to understand that the opening bid for my items is not intended to establish value, the opening prices are all low, or very modest in an attept to control E-Bay's fees.........which can really get up t sometimes. Also by the way my items are all listed without Reserve as well................No Reserve, and low opening prices for all of my items, so if you want visit my other items at: /_W0QQsassZjeffblakemanQQhtZ-1


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Japan trip
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I have a Precision 5510 which is Bitlocker/MBAM encrypted but for the past couple of days i've been getting the Recovery screen at each reboot. After disablin the protector & trying to re-enable it, I get told that 'Compatible TPM cannot be found'. I know there is a TPM on this as it has already been encrypted so what has happened?? I'm running Windows 10 (x64) & machine is fully patched & using the latest BIOS version (as of today, 26/1/2017).
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Former Reserve Bank chairman Bernie Fraser has admitted that industry superannuation funds are running out of skilled directors from within their ranks, but this was no reason to force schemes to appoint independent trustees.
Mr Fraser's review of super fund governance, commissioned more than a year ago, upheld industry super funds' long-held stance that the equal representation model was optimal and was responsible for their superior performance. He added there was little to be learnt from international governance practices because the history and culture of Australia's system was unique.
However, Mr Fraser said that a "focus on independence" was "perfectly reasonable" in the retail fund sector because of "the risk that the distribution of benefits could be skewed against the interests of their members and customers".
The report made 11 recommendations to improve the way industry fund boards function, including steps for appointing new board members, the introduction of tenure policies and greater gender diversity. However, Mr Fraser rejected the government's proposal that the chairman must be independent, as must at least one-third of directors, setting the sector and unions on a collision course with Financial Services Minister Kelly O'Dwyer.
The Coalition intends to introduce governance legislation into the Parliament in the first half of this year after it was withdrawn in early 2016 because of lack of support from crossbench senators. The legislation will require that one -third of trustees, including the chairman, be independent.
"The non-profit model is not broken," Mr Fraser said. "Independence as such is not a prime consideration for the industry funds. What is the priority is for those funds to have good skills, relevant experience and the values that enable them to continue to make these better returns for members."
But Mr Fraser conceded that over time the pool of skilled directors from within union and employer circles would run out and that more outsiders would be needed.
"It seems reasonable to expect that, over time, the demand by industry funds in particular for directors with special skills would outrun the supply available from within their sponsoring organisations. In that event more directors would be recruited from outside those organisations. The potential pool of skilled and committed people to draw upon will be larger, while the relative attractiveness of the not-for-profit brand might also be expected to appeal to more prospective directors," his report says.
He also rejected any need for minimum education qualifications for board members.
"So far as directors of not-for-profit funds are concerned, many do have some tertiary qualifications but are generally appointed more for their track records of performance and judgment in relevant fields, than for their qualifications as such," Mr Fraser says in the report.
Michael Rice, chief executive of leading actuarial firm Rice Warner, criticised the report for being partisan and "easily discredited".
"[Mr Fraser] fails to see the value of having skilled disinterested parties contributing to important decisions on behalf of members rather than being biased by representatives of fund sponsors, for example in merger decisions. Further, on existing boards, there are no trustee representatives appointed by pensioners, choice members or the self-employed," Mr Rice said.


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Ohlsdorf Vacation Packages
Many of Hamburg's most interesting sights are located close to Ohlsdorf, making it a convenient place to base yourself. Cemetery Ohlsdorf and the Lufthansa Technik AG are just two of the popular sights here, adored by locals and visitors alike. Two other recommended attractions that are located close by Ohlsdorf are Stadtpark Lake and Poppenbuettel Memorial.
Ohlsdorf has plenty of museums, exhibits and show venues within easy reach that make great places to visit. In particular, you should make sure you check out Planetarium Hamburg. Book seats for a spectacular show at Kampnagel and the Alma Hoppes Lustspielhaus.
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To make sure you get the most out of this fascinating part of the world, think about booking your accommodation at one of the area's hotel or serviced apartment options. The Radisson Blu Hotel, Hamburg Airport, the Leonardo Hotel Hamburg Airport and the Courtyard by Marriott Hamburg Airport are among the many great places to stay around here.


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Image: Ed Rojas
Image: Ed Rojas
Image: Ed Rojas
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Announcement | May 4, 2017
The playoffs for Season 14 will feature 20 teams in three separate divisions competing for three separate trophies. The two Monday night divisions, the Upper Playfield and Left Flipper, will include the top 6 teams, while the Tuesday night Right Flipper competition will consist of the top 8 teams. All…Full Story >
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The New York area lucked out this time around -- the worst was over by the time the blizzard reached the three area ports (Manhattan, Bayonne, Brooklyn), and there aren't any ships on the calendar anyway. However, Carnival Pride is scheduled to turn around tomorrow in harder-hit Baltimore, which has seen massive accumulations (at nearby Washington Dulles International Airport, the roof of a private jet hangar has collapsed, the New York Times reports).
Richard Scher, Director of Communications for the Maryland Port Administration, tells us via phone that at least two feet of snow have already fallen near the port -- and that it's still coming down. Equipment (dump trucks, plows, salt spreaders) is already on the scene to clear snow from the port's parking lot, but workers are still going up against Mother Nature. "We won't be able to be make as much headway as we want until the snow subsides," says Scher.
"This is our first year for winter cruising," Scher points out, though seasonal cruises have been offered from the port for 40 years. "It just so happens that this year, our biggest, we're having to coexist with one of the worst winters ever."
At this point, Scher tells us, Carnival Pride is still on track to arrive in Baltimore tomorrow at 7:30 a.m., and will disembark cruise passengers as scheduled starting from 8:30 a.m. However, still to be decided is whether the embarkation or departure of tomorrow's cruise will be delayed due to the storm.
A Carnival spokesperson tells us he will keep us posted. Stay tuned.
--by Melissa Paloti, Managing Editor


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Company Overview
Measure is the nation's leading Drone as a Service® company. We provide turnkey solutions to acquire, process, and deliver actionable aerial data to enterprise customers. Measure leverages best-in-class technology to outfit its fleet of drones and highly trained pilots to perform operations that are without exception safe, legal, and insured. We employ a team of dedicated data engineers to ensure that the data products being delivered to our customers provide intelligence that adds value to their business. We don't make drones. We make drones work.
Job Summary
We are seeking responsible aviation professionals who can pilot our growing Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) fleet while exercising sound judgment and strict flight discipline. This current post is targeted to sUAS pilots who have experience with energy infrastructure inspections. All applicants must have a Part 107 Remote Pilot in Command Certificate with sUAS Rating. The ideal candidate should also have a pilot's license, previous fixed wing and rotor wing UAV/RC piloting experience, current biennial flight review, medical certificate and be willing to travel to locations that our customers desire for short periods of time. Preference for Veteran applicants. Candidates must reside in the Southern California area.
Operator Responsibilities:
• Conduct pre-mission planning with Measure's customers in a professional and courteous manner and serve as the face of the company on the ground providing superior customer service.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 25, 1976
|Filing date
|Dec 27, 1974
|Priority date
|Dec 27, 1974
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Nick S. Harris
|Original Assignee
|Preventive Systems, Inc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (2), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (43), Classifications (9), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to the removal of endotoxin from biological fluids including the blood of animals and parenteral fluids such as serum, plasma, whole blood, albumins, dextrose solutions, and the like. More particularly, the invention pertains to a novel process for removing endotoxin from such biological fluids through the use of certain nonionogenic hydrophobic snythetic plastic polymers or resins that are capable of adsorbing endotoxin present in the fluids.
Generally speaking, endotoxin is a complex lipopolysaccharide material derived from gram-negative bacilli that is known to produce a wide variety of striking pathophysiological reactions in animals. Studies have demonstrated that endotoxin is distinguishable from classic protein toxins due to its failure to be neutralized by anti-serum, its increased heat stability and its failure to be converted to toxoid by treatment with formaldehyde. Moreover, endotoxin exhibits a lesser degree of potency than classic protein toxins and produces essentially similar reactions in animals regardless of the microbial origin of the endotoxin. The material has been known and studied for many years particularly in regard to the pathophysiological reactions it causes in animals. For many years it was believed that the material was contained within gram-negative bacilli cells and was released only upon disintegration of the cell walls. Hence, the material was termed endotoxin. Recent studies, however, have shown that endotoxin is localized at the cell surface of gram-negative bacilli and may be present with viable and killed cells as well as in a free form within a liquid medium.
As mentioned before, endotoxin is known to cause several striking and varied pathophysiological reactions and has been identified as a direct and contributory cause of death of many hospitalized patients. More particularly, exdotoxin is known to cause febrile reactions in animals with symptons of extremely high fever, vasodilation, diarrhea, and the like and, in extreme cases, fatal shock. It is also known the endotoxin causes leucocytosis, deleterious changes in carbohydrate and protein metabolism and widespread intravascular clotting by fibrin formation.
Studies have shown that endotoxemia in animals may be caused by or is associated with gram-negative bacilli primary and secondary infections and/or the employment of intravenous apparatus or solutions contaminated with gram-negative bacilli or endotoxin. The occurrence of endotoxemia from the use of endotoxin -contaminated intravenous or parenteral solutions has recently been recognized as a particular problem in modern hospitals. In addition, it has recently been found that severe trauma, particularly trauma caused by thermal injuries, may cause the release of endotoxin from gram-negative bacilli of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. The studies have shown that there may be increased levels of endotoxin in the blood of traumatized animals even when the animals have no other diagnosed bacterial infection.
Under normal conditions the blood cells, i.e., leucocytes, of animals usually control the level of endotoxin in the blood. However, the blood cells usually cannot control excessive amounts of endotoxin experienced under abnormal conditions, such as those hereinabove mentioned, thereby resulting in endotoxemia. It is presently a common practice in the medical profession to counteract endotoxemia by treatment with massive infusions of antibiotics. However, it has not been shown that antibiotics remove endotoxin other than by controlling gram-negative bacilli. As mentioned hereinbefore, endotoxin is known to exist in free form in liquid media and may be associated with killed bacterial cells.
There are a few procedures known for removing or reducing the level of endotoxin in certain fluid media. For example, endotoxin may be removed from a liquid medium by filtration procedures employing macromolecular and/or activated carbon filters whereby the complex endotoxin molecules are filtered out. Osmotic pressure separation procedures have also been employed. These techniques have generally been employed in the purification of water and relatively simple fluid compositions. However, such techniques have not been extensively used to remove endotoxin from biological fluids. particularly certain parenteral fluids such as plasma, serum, albumins, whole blood and the like, apparently due to the extremely complex molecular and sometimes cellular composition of such fluids. In fact, it is common practice in the medical and pharmacological professions to merely destroy parenteral fluids contaminated with unacceptable levels of endotoxin.
I have now discovered a process for selectively removing endotoxin from substantially any biological fluid which does not otherwise adversely affect the molecular and/or cellular composition of the fluid. In fact, the process of my invention is particularly useful in removing and/or reducing the level of endotoxin in the blood of animals in accordance with in vivo hemoperfusion techniques. The inventive process is based upon the surprising discovery that certain non-ionogenic hydrophobic synthetic plastic polymers have specific affinity for endotoxin when placed in intimate contact therewith.
Several types of synthetic plastic resins or polymers have heretofore been used in various processes for treating parenteral fluids and/or blood. For example, there are several known procedures for treating parenteral fluids by the employment of ion exchange resins. More particularly, ion exchange resins have been employed in processes for treating parenteral fluids, including blood, with anionic and cationic agents, for separating certain protenatious materials from blood, for preparing sterile parenteral fluids difficult to sterilize such as bicarbonate ion solutions, and the like. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,769,401; 3,097,141; 3,234,199; 2,682,268; and 3,305,446 to name a few. The ion exchange resins employed in these processes are basically comprised of monomers and/or polymers of styrene or vinyl benzene treated with many types of polyelectrolytes.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,794,584 teaches a process for removing poisonous or toxic amounts of barbiturates and glutethimides from blood which includes perfusing blood over a column of an essentially non-ionogenic macroreticular watersoluble cross-linked polymer having a porosity of at least 10% and a specific surface area of at least 10 square meters per gram. The polymer resin employed is described as being comprised of from 2 to 100 weight percent of a poly(vinyl)-benzene monomer polymerized with 1 or more mono- or poly-ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The disclosed poly-(vinyl)benzene-based macroreticular polymer resins are described as being capable of adsorbing the barbiturates and glutethimides from the blood without otherwise adversely affecting the blood.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,706,661 teaches a method for the separation of biological cells from solutes by the use of macroporous synthetic plastic resin gels, particularly gels of polyacrylamide and hydrophilic polymethacrylates. U.S. Pat. No. 3,839,314 describes a process of clarifying blood serum and plasma to remove undesired protenatious and lipid matter by the employment of block copolymers of ethylene oxide and a polyoxypropylene polymer. There are also several prior art references which describe the use of certain synthetic plastic resins, such as nylon, acrylonitrile polymers, polyesters, and polytetrafluoroethylene in fiber or textile form as filter media to remove materials from certain parenteral fluids. See U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,462,361; 3,448,041; 3,035,575, 3,533,400; and 2,702,036.
However, to my knowledge, the synthetic polymeric resins that I have found to be capable of adsorbing endotoxin have not heretofore been specifically employed in any prior art processes for treating biological fluids, particularly for removing endotoxin. Furthermore, many types of synthetic resins heretofore employed in processes for treating biological fluids to remove certain components have been found to have no affinity for endotoxin.
The present invention is a novel process for removing endotoxin from biological fluids such as parenteral fluids and for removing ore reducing the level of endotoxin from the blood of animals which comprises intimately contacting a biological fluid contaminated with endotoxin with a nonionogenic hydrophobic non-polar aliphatic synthetic polymer or resin capable of adsorbing endotoxin which may be selected from the group consisting of substantially crystalline non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbon thermoplastic polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, silicone elastomeric polymers, and mixtures thereof. The biological fluid may then be removed from intimate contact with the polymer or resin essentially free of endotoxin. The endotoxin remains tightly bound to the polymer material. The invention represents a tremendous advance in the art for it provides a process for directly and selectively removing endotoxin from substantially any type of biological fluid, even those of highly complex composition. Moreover, the process of the invention can be employed in an in vivo hemoperfusion process ro remove and/or reduce the level of endotoxin in the blood of animals.
In accordance with the present invention, synthetic plastic polymers or resins that have been found to be capable of adsorbing endotoxin are normally hydrophobic, non-ionogenic and substantially non-polar. These polymers are also aliphatic saturated materials. More particularly, types of synthetic plastic polymers that have been found capable of adsorbing endotoxin include substantially crystalline, non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbon thermoplastic polymers, fluorocarbon polymers, silicone elastomers and mixtures thereof. The mechanism whereby these types of synthetic plastic polymers adsorb endotoxin is not understood. Experiments have shown that when a biological fluid contaminated with endotoxin is contacted with these types of polymers the endotoxin is readily removed from the liquid media. These experiments have further shown that the endotoxin removed is tightly bound to the synthetic polymer surface and is not readily removed by simple washing. Yet, many types of synthetic polymer or resin materials heretofore employed for removing certain types of components from biological fluids have been found to be incapable of adsorbing endotoxin. Examples of some of these materials include polystyrene, nylon (polyamide), poly(methylmethacrylate), and polycarbonate, to name a few.
These synthetic polymer materials that have been found to be incapable of adsorbing endotoxin are, generally, amorphous, atactic polymers. Many of these polymers also contain aromatic groups and/or are ethylenically unsaturated. Conversely, as mentioned hereinbefore, the types of polymers that have been discovered to have an affinity for and are capable of adsorbing endotoxin are generally aliphatic saturated polymers which are non-ionogenic, substantially non-polar and hydrophobic. Moreover, many of these polymers are classified as crystalline, isotactic polymers.
The substantially crystalline non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbon thermoplastic polymers preferably employed in the process of the invention include the poly-α-olefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the higher homologue polymers. Any commercially available type or grade of poly-α-olefin may be employed in substantially any molecular weight commercial formulation. The polymers may include inert compatible fillers and/or colorant with no adverse affect on their capability of adsorbing endotoxin. Moreover, copolymers may be employed. Examples of particular commercially available poly-α-olefins that have been found useful include high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, and isotactic polypropylene, to name a few.
Fluorocarbon polymers have also been found to have an affinity for endotoxin and are extremely useful in the process of the invention. As known, fluorocarbon polymers are highly crystalline, hydrophobic, non-ionogenic and substantially non-polar thermoplastics. Any commercially available fluorocarbon polymer material may be employed in the inventive process, including those substituted with other halogens, such as chlorine, and those formulated with inert filler or colorant ingredients. Types of fluorocarbon polymers that have been found to the particularly useful include tetrafluoroethylene polymers, fluorinated ethylene-propylene polymers and modified copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene. These polymers are readily available commercially in a variety of grades. For example, fluorinated ethylene-propylene polymers are sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. under the trademark TEFLON FEP. Modified copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene are also sold by E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. under the trademark TEFZEL.
Furthermore, any type of silicone elastomer may be employed in the process of the invention. Silicone elastomers are classified as thermosetting cross-linked synthetic polymers and are normally quite resilient. Thus, their physical characteristics are somewhat different from the crystalline non-polar aliphatic hydrocarbon polymers and fluorocarbon polymers mentioned hereinabove. Yet, experiments have shown that silicone elastomers have an affinity for endotoxin and are capable of adsorbing it from a liquid medium. Types of silicone elastomers that are particularly useful in the process of the invention include the high molecular weight linear poly(alkylsiloxane)s that are cured by cross-linking linear or slightly branched siloxane chains having reactive silanol end groups. These silicone elastomers are generally referred to in the art as room-temperature vulcanizing silicone elastomers and are readily available commercially. Any of these commercially available materials may be employed, including those containing inert filler and/or colorant ingredients. Examples of suitable silicone elastomers include the RTV 732 and 108 silicone elastomers sold by Dow Corning Company, which contain dimethyldichlorosilane and cross-linking agents that cure by cross-linking when exposed to atmospheric moisture. Another suitable silicone elastomer is medical grade silastic sold by Dow Corning Company which is cross-linked and cured at room-temperature by the addition of stannous octoate. These silicone elastomers are employed in the process of the invention after they have been cured or cross-linked to form solidified materials which are then particulated.
In carrying out the process of the invention the nonionogenic hydrophobic synthetic polymer or resin is preferably utilized in particulate form such as granules, beads, irregular chips, fibrous strands and the like to provide increased surface area per volume or weight. The particulate size and volume of polymer employed has not been found to be particularly critical. However, it is preferred to employ substantially spherical beads or granules of the polymer when highly complex fluids containing biological cells are treated so as to prevent damage and/or agglomeration of the cells, particularly blood cells. Moreover, it is preferred to employ the particulated synthetic polymer or resin in a volume excess of that required to remove substantially all endotoxin from a contaminated biological fluid. The volume of polymer or resin employed is variable, depending upon the degree of endotoxin contamination, polymer particulate size, and volume of fluid to be treated. The particular volume of polymer or resin employed for treating a given sample of a biological fluid is best determined emperically and may be readily determined by one having ordinary skill in the art without undue experimentation. It is particularly preferred to employ losely packed columns of polymer beads or granules having a diameter of about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm.
Further, in carrying out the process of the invention the biological fluid contaminated with endotoxin is preferably passed or perfused through the column containing the above-described particulated synthetic polymer or resin at a volume flow rate sufficient to provide an intimate contact of the endotoxin with the polymer surface. A gravitational flow rate has been found to be usually sufficient. In addition, it is preferred to slightly agitate the column of particulated polymer material as the biological fluid is passed over so as to enhance contact of the endotoxin with the polymer surface. Slight agitation is particularly helpful when the biological fluid being treated contains biological cells, such as whole blood, to reduce agglomeration of the cells.
As mentioned hereinbefore, the process of the invention may be employed to effectively remove endotoxin from substantially any type of biological fluid including parenteral fluids and may also be employed in an in vivo hemoperfusion technique to remove and/or reduce the level of endotoxin in the blood of animals. Examples of parenteral fluids that may be treated by the process include saline solutions, dextrose solutions, hyperalimentation fluids, serums, plasma, albumins, whole blood, and antiserums, to name a few. When treating such parenteral fluids by the process of the invention, it is preferred to pass the parenteral fluid by gravitational flow over a column containing the above described particulated synthetic polymer or resin. Preferably, the parenteral fluid is treated immediately before use so as to reduce the possibility of later contamination. The parenteral fluid passed through the polymer column may then be directly injected into the patient essentially free of endotoxin contamination.
In a preferred embodiment the process of the invention may be employed for removing and/or reducing the level of endotoxin in the blood of an animal by an in vivo hemoperfusion polymer-column technique. More particularly, in this preferred embodiment, heparinized blood from an animal is removed through an arterial bypass and perfused through a column containing granules or beads of one or more of the above-described synthetic polymers capable of removing endotoxin. Preferably about 50 to about 250 grams of the polymer beads or granules, having an average particle size of from about 0.5 mm to about 4.0 mm diameter, are employed per kilogram weight of the animal. The perfused blood from the polymer-column is then reinfused into the animal. Preferably, during perfusion the polymer-column is slightly agitated to reduce the possibility of agglomeration of blood cells. The process may be continued as long as desirable and has been found to effectively remove and control the level of endotoxin in the blood of the animal as shown by some of the examples set forth hereafter. Moreover, the process has not been found to adversely affect the blood cells in the blood of the animal.
The following examples particularly illustrate the nature of the inventive process but are not intended to be limitative thereof. In the following examples the presence and amount of endotoxin present were determined by the use of the Limulus Lysate Assay, which is an assay based on the gelation of amebocyte lysate from Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab. The Limulus Lysate Assay has been described as the most sensitive method presently available for the detection of endotoxin. See R. R. Rojas-Corona, et al. "The Limulus Coagulation Test for Endotoxin: A Comparison With Other Assay Methods", Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 132, 599-601 (1969); and James H. Jorgensen et al. "Measurement Of Bound And Free Endotoxin By The Limulus Assay", Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 146, 1024-1031 (1974). The assay is performed by incubating a sample of a fluid suspected of containing endotoxin with an equal volume of the amebocyte lysate from the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. The degree and quality of gelation observed is directly related to the amount of endotoxin present. The assay has been found to be so sensitive so as to detect as little as 0.1 nanogram of endotoxin.
The Limulus lysate employed in the following examples for the respective assays was prepared in accordance with a known published procedure for lysing amebocytes of the hemolymph of Limulus crabs. The crabs were obtained from the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. The amebocyte cells were lysed by the addition of pyrogen-free distilled water at a 1:3 ratio of packed cells to water. The suspension was then thoroughly mixed and allowed to stand at 4�C. for 18-24 hours. The cellular debris was then removed by centrifugation and the lysate decanted. The lysate was stored in sterile pyrogen-free polystyrene vials at -20�C., or for shorter periods of time at 4�C., until needed.
An endotoxin standard was prepared by adding 10 mg endotoxin to 10 ml pyrogen-free saline (0.9% sodium chloride) to yield a solution of 1 mg/ml concentration. The endotoxin used was a lipopolysaccharide Westphal phenol extract of Escherichia coli 011:B4, sold by Difo Laboratories, Detroit, Michigan. This initial 1 mg/ml endotoxin concentration solution was then diluted several times with pyrogen-free saline using dilution factors of 1:10 to provide several samples having endotoxin concentrations of 100 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml. A sample having an endotoxin concentration of 0.5 ng/ml was also prepared. These endotoxin standard solutions were prepared in polystyrene test tubes sold by Falcon Plastics, Oxnard, California. A 1.0 ml sample of the endotoxin solution having a concentration of 100 ng/ml was then added to a polystyrene test tube (Falcon Plastics, supra) containing 2 cc of raw polypropylene beads, about 2 mm average diameter, (Shell Polypropylene 5520, Shell Chemical Company, Houston, Texas) and held for 10 minutes at room-temperature with gentle shaking every three minutes. 0.1 cc of this sample as well as 0.1 cc from several other samples of the endotoxin standard solution were then collected for assay. The assay was conducted by adding the 0.1 cc samples to 0.1 cc, respectively, of Limulus lysate. Each sample assayed was incubated with the lysate for 70 minutes at 37�C. The resultant reactions were observed and graded for degree and quality of gelation as follows:
+4 Firm clot and cloudy.+3 Soft clot which slides down inverted tube, cloudy.+2 High viscosity slime and cloudy.+1 Medium viscosity and maybe cloudy.0 Substantially clear, like water.
The results of the assay of the samples are set forth in the following Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________ ConcentrationTube Content ng/ml Reaction______________________________________1 Saline (control) 0 02 Endotoxin standard 100 +43 Endotoxin standard 10 +44 Endotoxin standard 1 +35 Endotoxin standard .5 +26 Treated Endotoxin standard 100 +2______________________________________
As the results of Table 1 show, the polypropylene beads effectively removed over 99% of the endotoxin present in the treated sample, Tube 6. This 100 ng/ml endotoxin concentration sample should have given a +4 reaction, as Tube 2. However, surprisingly, it reacted substantially similar to the 0.5 ng/ml endotoxin standard sample analyzed.
Two 12 cc syringes were respectively filled with 10 cc of two types of raw polypropylene beads (Shell Polypropylene 5520 and Shell Polypropylene 5820, Shell Chemical Company, supra). A third 12 cc syringe was filled with 10 cc of nylon fibers obtained from a Fenwal Leucopack filter (Baxter Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, Illinois). A fourth 12 cc syringe was filled with 10 cc of polystyrene chips prepared by particulating polystyrene test tubes (Falcon Plastics, supra) into approximately 8 mm � 2 mm � 6 mm chips. To each syringe was added 3.0 cc of the endotoxin standardized solution prepared in Example I at a concentration of 100 ng/ml endotoxin. The endotoxin standard solutions passed through the respective polymer columns by gravitational flow and were collected for assay. The treated solutions were then assayed utilizing the Limulus Lysate Assay as described in Example I along with several endotoxin standard solutions at various concentrations for comparison. The results of the assays are set forth in the following Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________Sample Material Concentration.sup.(1) ReactionNo. ng/ml______________________________________1 Endotoxin Standard 100 +42 Endotoxin Standard 10 +43 Endotoxin Standard 5 +44 Polypropylene.sup.(2) 100 +35 Polypropylene.sup.(3) 100 +26 Nylon 100 +47 Polystyrene 100 +4______________________________________ .sup.(1) Endotoxin concentration. Original concentration of solutions before treatment. .sup.(2) Shell Polyproopylene 5520, Shell Chemical Company. .sup.(3) Shell Polypropylene 5820, Shell Chemical Company.
A comparison of the assay reaction results of Table 2 illustrate that the treatment of the endotoxin solutions in accordance with the present invention utilizing polypropylene beads resulted in removal of endotoxin from the solutions to a level of below 5 ng/ml. The results of Table 2 also show that nylon and polystyrene were ineffective in removing the endotoxin from the test solutions.
In this example several experiments were conducted to determine the capability of various types of synthetic polymers or resins for removing endotoxin from a saline solution, employing the procedures described in Example I. Several endotoxin standard solutions were freshly prepared by initially adding 10 mg endotoxin (Westphal phenol extract of Escherichia coli 011:B4, Difco Laboratories, supra) to 10 ml pyrogen-free saline (0.9% sodium chloride). The resulting solution of 1 mg/ml endotoxin concentration was then diluted several times with the pyrogen-free saline to get several samples having final concentrations of 100 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 5 ng/ml, 2.5 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml endotoxin. The endotoxin solutions were then mixed with Limulus lysate for standardization employing the Limulus Lysate Assay procedure described in Example I which resulted in the following reactions:
Endotoxin Solution-Lysate Standardization Endotoxin Limulus LysateConcentration Assay Reaction______________________________________0 (saline control) 0100 ng/ml +410 ng/ml +45 ng/ml +42.5 ng/ml +31 ng/ml +1 to +2______________________________________
1 ml aliquots of three standardized endotoxin solutions having concentrations of 100 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml, respectively, were then added to various types of particulated synthetic polymer or resin materials in the form of beads or chips having average particle sizes of about 2 mm in 10 cc polystyrene tubes (Falcon Plastics, supra) and allowed to sit at room-temperature for 10 minutes. 0.1 ml of each solution sample was then removed and assayed using the Limulus Lysate Assay procedure described in Example I. The types of synthetic polymers and amounts tested and Limulus Lysate Assay reaction results of each solution at each concentration are set forth in the following Table 3.
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Synthetic Particle Weight, Lysate Assay ReactionPolymer form grams 100 ng/ml 10 ng/ml 1 ng/ml__________________________________________________________________________Polypropylene beads 2.4 +3 +2 +1Polyethylene.sup.(2) beads 5.9 +2 +1 +1Spun glass fibers .5 +4 +4 +1Poly(methyl-methacrylate chips 5.0 +4 +4 +1SiliconeElastomer.sup.(3) chips 3.8 +3 +1 +1Siliconeelastomer.sup.(4) chips 3.7 +4 +2 +1SiliconeElastomer.sup.(5) chips 3.9 +1 +1 +1__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.(2) Alathon 7040 high density polyethylene, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. .sup.(3) RTV 732 dimethyldichlorosilane; Dow Corning Co. Elastomer was room-temperature vulcanized by exposure to atmosphere for 48 hours and cu into chips, about 2 mm diameter, prior to use. .sup.(4) RTV 108 dimethyldichlorosilane; Dow Corning Co. Also room-temperature vulcanized and cut into chips prior to use as (3). .sup.(5) SIL 382 medical grade silastic cross-linked and cured by additio of stannous octoate; Dow Corning Co. After 48 hours, cut into chips prior to use.
A comparison of the results of the above Table 3 with the endotoxin solution Lysate standardization of this Example demonstrates the ability of poly-α-olefins and silicone elastomers to adsorb endotoxin even when merely placed in intimate contact with the endotoxin contaminated solutions. Of the endotoxin standardized solutions employed in this Example, these materials effectively lowered the concentration of endotoxin to below about 2.5 ng/ml. The results of Table 3 also illustrate that spun glass fibers, and poly-(methylmethacrylate) chips, conventionally used parenteral fluid filter materials, do not readily adsorb or exhibit an affinity for endotoxin.
In this example five types of synthetic polymer materials were employed to determine their capability of adsorbing endotoxin when employed in accordance with the process of the invention. The synthetic polymers employed were: polypropylene beads (Shell Polypropylene 5820, supra; polyethylene beads (Alathon 7040 high density polyethylene, supra); TEFLON FEP 100 fluorinated ethylene-propylene polymer (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.); TEFZEL 200 modified copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.); and polypropylene staple fiber (Hercules, Inc.). All of these polymer materials were washed with pyrogen-free distilled water. The polymer beads had an average size of about 2 mm. The polypropylene staple was also washed in a 70% solution of ethanol, pryogen-free saline and then pryogen-free distilled water. Each of the polymer materials were then respectively placed in 12 cc syringes to the 12 cc level. 1 cc aliquots of the endotoxin solution prepared and standardized as described in Example III, having an endotoxin concentration of 50 ng/ml, were then perfused through the syringes by gravitational flow. 0.1 cc of each treated solution was then added to 0.1 cc of the Limulus lysate, incubated at 37�C. for 70 minutes and the resultant reaction was observed and graded for degree and quality of gelation. The results are set forth in the following Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________ LysateSynthetic Endotoxin AssayPolymer Concentration ng/ml.sup.(1) Reaction______________________________________Endotoxin Control 50 +4Endotoxin Control 10 +4Endotoxin Control 5 +4Endotoxin Control 2.5 +3Endotoxin Control 1 +1 to +2Polypropylene 50 +3Polyethylene 50 +3TEFLON FEP 100 50 +2TEFZEL 200 50 +2Polypropylene staple 50 +3______________________________________ .sup.(1) Endotoxin concentration prior to treatment.
The results of Table 4 illustrate the capability of fluorocarbon polymers for adsorbing endotoxin. The results of this table also demonstrate the affinity of polypropylene to endotoxin in various particulate forms and confirm the results obtained with regard to polypropylene and polyethylene in the previous examples.
100 ng of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide Westphal phenol extract, E. coli 011:B4, Difco, supra) was seeded in 1.0 ml normal human serum albumin, USP 25% salt poor, (sold under the tradename METALBUMEN by Metabolic, Inc., Houston, Texas) in a pyrogen-free polystyrene tube. A 1.0 ml sample of the albumin was also added to a second pyrogen-free polystyrene tube. Two polypropylene beads (Shell Polypropylene 5820, supra), having diameters of about 2 mm, were respectively placed in each of the tubes. The samples were incubated at 37�C. for 10 minutes. The two beads were then removed, washed with pyrogen-free saline, and assayed for the presence of endotoxin by adding each bead to 0.1 ml Limulus lysate, incubating at 37�C. for 70 minutes and grading the resultant reaction for degree and quality of gelation in accordance with the Limulus Lysate Assay procedure described in Example I. Several endotoxin solutions at various concentrations were prepared by dilution of the endotoxin in saline, as described in Example I. 0.1 ml of the prepared endotoxin solutions, along with a 0.1 ml sample of the albumin were also assayed by the Limulus Lysate Assay as controls. The results of the assays are set forth in the following Table 5.
TABLE 5______________________________________ EndotoxinMaterial Concentration, Limulus LysateAssayed ng/ml Assay Reaction______________________________________Endotoxin Control 100 +4Endotoxin Control 10 +4Endotoxin Control 1 +2Albumin Control -- +1Polypropylene bead.sup.(1) 100 +4Polypropylene bead.sup.(2) -- 0______________________________________ .sup.(1) Bead placed in 1 ml albumin seeded with 100 ng endotoxin, incubation at 37�C. for 10 minutes. Bead washed with saline prior to assay. .sup.(2) Bead placed in 1 ml albumin control, incubation at 37�C. for 10 minutes. Bead washed with saline prior to assay.
The results of Table 5 illustrate the endotoxin present in albumin was adsorbed by polypropylene and the adsorbed endotoxin was tightly bound to the polypropylene bead surface. The polypropylene bead contacted with the endotoxin seeded albumin gave a strong +4 assay reaction even after being washed with pyrogen-free saline.
A hemoperfusion polymer-column apparatus was designed to perform an arterial-venous shunt or bypass to determine the effectiveness of the inventive process for removing and/or reducing the level of endotoxin in the blood of an animal in vivo. The hemoperfusion polymer-column unit was prepared by packing a sephadex gel reservoir, 5 mm diameter, 30 cm long, with 800 g. of polyethylene beads having diameters of about 2 mm, average, (ALATHON 7040 high density polyethylene, Du Pont, supra). Intravenous tubes were attached to each end of the reservoir and capped with cathethers. The apparatus was then attached to a dog, weighing 12 kilograms, by injecting one catheter into an artery and the other catheter into a vein. The dog had previously been heparinized by injection with sigma pyrogen-free heparin at a dose level of about 6 units per cc of blood (approximate dose, 6000 units heparin). The blood from the animal was removed through the arterial intravenous line, perfused through and over the polyethylene bead column and reinfused through the venous intravenous line. The column containing the polyethylene beads was gently shaken by the use of a reciprocal shaker to prevent agglomeration of blood cells. After 1 hour of continuous perfusion no hemolysis was observed. The dog was then intravenously injected with 5 mg/kg weight endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide Westphal phenol extract of E. coli, 055:B5, Difco Laboratories, supra; reconstituted with pyrogen-free saline, 0.9% sodium chloride). This level of endotoxin injection is generally referred to as a LD-80 dose, which is an amount sufficient to be fatal to 80% of dogs injected within a 6 hour period. After injection the dog's vital signs were continously monitored. During this time the dog developed hypotension, hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, hypocapnia, and tachypnia. The arterial-venous bypass through the hemoperfusion polymercolumn apparatus was continued for 1.5 hours after the endotoxin injection and then the apparatus was removed. 3 hours after the endotoxin injection, the dog was observed as to be resting comfortably with normal signs. Observation was continued for 24 hours after which the mentioned symptoms of acute endotoxemia no longer appeared.
In this example, a hemoperfusion apparatus was prepared in accordance with the design described in Example VI, except that the ends of the sephadex gel reservoir were covered with cotton gauze to prevent clogging and 800 g. of polypropylene beads, having average sizes of about 2 mm, were placed in the reservoir (Shell Polypropylene 5820, supra). This hemoperfusion polymer-column apparatus was attached to a dog weighing 17 kg as described in Example VI. After about 1 hour of continuous bypass of the blood perfused through the polymer-column no hemolysis was observed. The dog was then injected with 5 mg/kg weight of the endotoxin and perfusion of the blood through the polymer-column was continued for 11/2hours thereafter. A few minutes after the endotoxin injection the animal developed the symptoms of acute endotoxemia described in Example VI. The arterial-venous shunt was then discontinued by removal of the hemoperfusion apparatus. The polypropylene beads in the reservoir were then washed by perfusing pyrogen-free saline through the polymer-column. One of the beads was removed and added to 0.1 cc saline. 0.1 cc of the Limulus lysate was then added thereto and incubated at 37�C. for 70 minutes. During the incubation, a clot appeared.
The results of Examples VI and VII demonstrate the effectiveness of the process of the invention for removing and/or reducing the level of endotoxin in the blood of animals when employed in an in vivo hemoperfusion or arterial-venous bypass technique whereby blood from the animal is removed, perfused through a column of the polymer capable of adsorbing endotoxin and then the blood is reinfused into the animal. Moreover, Example VII confirms that endotoxin in the blood of the animals is adsorbed by the polypropylene beads and that the endotoxin is tightly bound to the bead surfaces as demonstrated in Example V.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the invention as hereinbefore set forth may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and, therefore, only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.
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|Biopure Corporation
|Method for producing a stable polymerized hemoglobin blood-substitute
|May 1, 1998
|Aug 22, 2000
|Grandics; Peter
|Method for removing pyrogens from dialysate
|Jul 10, 1998
|Nov 21, 2000
|Biopure Corporation
|Method for producing a purified hemoglobin product
|Jan 13, 1997
|Feb 13, 2001
|Delcath Systems Inc
|Cancer treatment method
|May 10, 1999
|Jan 14, 2003
|Biopure Corporation
|Ultra pure hemoglobin solutions and blood-substitutes
|Mar 14, 2002
|Jun 8, 2004
|Peter Grandics
|Methods for the on-line, on-demand preparation of sterile, water-for-injection grade water
|Mar 9, 2015
|Jun 6, 2017
|ImMutriX Therapeutics, Inc.
|Therapeutic compositions for viral-associated disease states and methods of making and using same
|Mar 14, 2002
|Sep 18, 2003
|Peter Grandics
|Methods for the on-line, on-demand preparation of sterile, water-for-injection grade water
|Jun 10, 2011
|Dec 1, 2011
|Marv Enterprises Llc
|Sequential Extracoporeal Treatment of Bodily Fluids
|Mar 9, 2015
|Oct 22, 2015
|ImMutriX Therapeutics, Inc.
|Therapeutic Compositions for Viral-Associated Disease States and Methods of Making and Using Same
|May 17, 1991
|Nov 28, 1991
|Harbor Medical Devices, Inc.
|Medical device polymer
|Feb 20, 1992
|Sep 2, 1993
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Inhibition of bacterial endotoxin
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 5, 1983
Owner name: AKZONA INCORPORATED, ASHEVILLE, NC, A CORP. OF DE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PREVENTIVE SYSTEMS, INC. A TX CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004124/0464
Effective date: 19830412


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From a media release - I'm about a week late for Valentine's, which shows you what kind of crazy seven days I've just had:
Lovett Marks Valentine's Day With The Release of "Heartattack" on iTunes
New York, NY – Lovett's latest music video shows us that Valentine's Day can be a fun-loving rock party without all the mushy-gushy hoopla. A full-blown foot-stomping dance-athon, Lovett's "Heartattack" is the follow-up music video to the Spinner-touted "Eye Of The Storm" and round two of Lovett's thunderous series of 9 cinematic music videos. Check out the "Heartattack" music video below. "Heartattack" is also available on iTunes and Lovers Label.
• Download it here.
The diverse nature and production of Lovett's two latest music videos display their artistic range and creative momentum. Whereas Lovett's first music video for "Eye Of The Storm" was epic with a cgi-laden narrative that took approximately one year to produce, "Heartattack" was made in one week with the straightforward theme of party, fun, and action. For those with a keen eye for random cameos, "Heartattack" features both primo indie film actress Amy Seimetz and multi Grammy award-winning Country star Dierks Bentley, and of course, the abominable snowman from the classic holiday film, Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer. What do the three have in common? When asked, Lovett simply responded, "Everybody loves a good party."
"Heartattack" is the second single off this debut album Highway Collection set for release on March 15th. The album includes contributions from bands as diverse as The Avett Brothers, The Mars Volta, and Cursive to Spiritualized and The Sonos Quartet. Keep on eye on Lovett and his all-star carnival band this year at SXSW as they are sure to spice up the festival with memorable shows and a parade of surprises. The circus is coming.
Check it out:


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Providence Resources is pleased to provide an update on Frontier Exploration Licence 3/04, which lies in c. 1,500 metre water depth in the southern Porcupine Basin and is c. 170 km off the south west coast of Ireland. The current principal prospect within FEL 3/04 is the interpreted Lower Cretaceous Dunquin South carbonate prospect (1.389 BBOE REC Pmean).
The ExxonMobil operated 44/23-1 Dunquin North exploration well, which was drilled in FEL 3/04 during 2013, encountered a c. 44 metre residual oil column in a massive porous over-pressured Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir.
Providence has agreed to acquire (for a nominal consideration) Atlantic Petroleum's 4.0% stake in FEL 3/04. As a result, and subject to Ministerial approval, Providence's equity in FEL 3/04 will increase from 16% to 20%.
Providence Resources Plc
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Copyright 1973-2016. Scandinavian Oil-Gas Online. ISSN 1500-709X.
Tel: +47 22 44 72 70, Fax: +47 22 44 72 87


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login with
Sometimes it doesn't take much, does it?
It really doesn't take much. Just a little imagination and willingness to make a complete fool out of yourself...which I am always willing to do :-)
About Amy
Birth: September 14
On Moms.com since: Mar 19, 2014
Stay at home wife and Mom. I have an older step son that is an amazing young man. My husband and myself have a little boy and newborn girl. Balancing life isn't always easy but it's always worth it :-)


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Pink by Blush Dress 5614
Pink by Blush Dress 5614
Starting from
This is a magical dress fit for a fairy princess. The top features a high neck with illusion fabric and keyhole back while the bottom features a embroidered tulle. This Pink by Blush gown is perfect for homecoming, prom, galas, margarita ball, and any upcoming formal event you have! Shop more dresses like this at www.terrycosta.com or visit us in Dallas, TX to shop in store! Colors Include: Black/Multi or Off White/Multi.
Sizing Information:
Don't see your size or color? Let us help! Call your fashionable friends at Terry Costa to discuss all the fabulous options here in store.
(972) 385-6100
(972) 385-6100


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The Grace Ministers' Conferences are designed to inform and inspire ministers of the Gospel through powerful preaching. The purpose of these conferences is to reinforce spiritual truths that made the church of Christ healthy in the past, and at the same time, to present refreshing perspectives on God's Word that are relevant and meaningful for ministry in the 21st century.
The 24th Grace Ministers' Conference promises to live up to all the others in depth of exposition, challenging and stimulating thinking and heartwarming fellowship.
Since we are expecting an overwhelming response to the conferences, we would like to urge you to apply as early as possible as no alternate accommodation is available. Preferential booking is given to those involved in full time Christian Ministry.
Dates to diarise for the next Grace Ministers' Conferences:
Gauteng 2017: 2 January 2017 - 4 January 2017
Cape Town 2017: 4 January 2017 - 6 January 2017
Closing date for registrations: 19 December 2016
Closing date for early bird payments: 15 November 2016
Dress Code: Smart casual
All messages are audio and video taped.
Audio CD's can be purchased at the conferences.
DVD's of all messages are available to order from the website www.nunide.org.za
"I would rate it as equal or better than any
Christian Conference I have attended" (Over 40 years).
"Outstanding! The issues dealt with were real
'rubber-hits-the-road' stuff. The speakers were all superb!"


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2007 Audi TT Coupe - sideEnlarge Photo
You won't be surprised to learn
In a country famed for its love of very large trucks, a small and sporty passenger car from
The all-over increase is the first thing you notice when you see the car, and the same is true when you sit inside. There's more shoulder room for all occupants, and even though it's around an inch it feels like more. The front chairs are set down to the ground, too, which means there's great headroom.
Weighty issues
Audi representatives talked about how the newcomer will make "lighter work" of the roads, and, bad marketing pun aside, it's true there's been a lot of effort made to keep the weight down. The most obvious example is that the conventional all-steel construction has been ditched in favor of a space frame that's an aluminum and steel hybrid. Developed from the flagship A8 sedan, it's 48 percent lighter than it would have been if made from steel. The result is impressive; the 3.2-liter V-6 model weighs 3109 pounds, a massive 331 pounds less than the equivalent old version.
The Car Connection Consumer Review
Used Audi TT297 cars


text:
Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
I was in an emotionally abusive relationship and tried to commit suicide over three years ago as a result. I have gone through three years of counseling which is well documented. Today I am going through a divorce and a GAL was appointed to decide custody. I was fine with it until she started calling me a liar in court documents, and made false allegations from information my ex had given her. She did not even bother to compare his statements with the records even though they document a picture much different than from what my ex claims. Now she is trying to force me into supervised only visitation. My attorney feels that she is being biased and not doing her job. She has never even bothered to watch me interact with my children. Is there anything I can do to stop her?
Grievance rules -- 2000 c 124: "Each superior court shall adopt rules establishing and governing procedures for filing, investigating, and adjudicating grievances made by or against guardians ad litem under Titles 11, 13, and 26 RCW." [2000 c 124 § 16.]
RCW 26.12.175(5): "If a party in a case reasonably believes the court-appointed special advocate or volunteer guardian ad litem is inappropriate or unqualified, the party may request a review of the appointment by the program. The program must complete the review within five judicial days and remove any appointee for good cause. If the party seeking the review is not satisfied with the outcome of the review, the party may file a motion with the court for the removal of the court-appointed special advocate or volunteer guardian ad litem on the grounds the advocate or volunteer is inappropriate or unqualified."
26 RCW is very specific about the requirements to be a GAL; demand your GAL's detailed qualifications, check them against the statutory minimum, and also check to see if the GAL is telling the truth; you may be able to remove the GAL because she fails to meet the minimum qualifications. If you can't do this, document the GAL's failure to do a good job, and ask the court to appoint someone else.
Your lawyer should be helping you and answering your questions. If you're posting questions on AVVO because you have doubts about your lawyer, you should shop for a new one. Be sure your lawyer is a member of the Washington State Bar Assoc's Family Law Section; this is no guarantee of competence, but anybody who isn't a member of the FLS is not a family law professional.
PLEASE READ: I am not your attorney. No attorney-client relationship is created between you and me by you posting your question on AVVO and me answering it. My analysis is based on the limited facts available to me; you should get your own lawyer and take that lawyer's advice after he or she has all the facts.
A guardian ad litem has no authority "to decide custody". A GAL is to do what the order appointing the GAL specifies. In general, that would include investigate, write a report, and make recommendations. However, the court can reject all of the recommendations of the GAL. Only the court has the authority to decide (if the parents do not agree with each other.)
Just because a party does not like the recommendations of the GAL does not mean that the GAL is incompetent or not doing her job. Given the disputes involved in cases in which GALs are appointed, it is not unusual that at least one of the parties is not happy with the work of the GAL.
Your attorney should be telling you that the way to dispute what the GAL writes in the report is for your side to write your objections and attach verifiable documentation to back up your objections.
Currently, GALs in WA must petition the superior court of the county to be listed as GALs in the court's registry. The superior court sets the qualifications (usually matching those specified in the statutes). The superior court also has grievance procedures against GALs. If your attorney contacts the court where your case is, your attorney should be able to find the procedures.Ask a similar question
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MASSILLON -- Area runners enjoyed outstanding efforts at the Tuslaw Invitational cross country meet here Saturday.
In the boys' race, Alliance's Dylan Bailey was the overall individual champion. The Aviators were eighth as a team with 190 points.
Current subscribers have full access to all online news content as part of their subscription. If you are a current subscriber, please log in with your website account information for full access. If you are a current subscriber, but have not yet registered for access to the website, please call our Circulation Department at (330) 821-1200


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Member since 7/1/2012
- 1 total post
- 1 review
Reviews & Stories
Extremely Satisfied with Breast Augmentation Results - Scottsdale, AZ
I have wanted a breast augmentation for several years and after meeting Dr. Shaw and his team I knew I was in the right place. I had extreme confidence in his skills per multiple recommendations by others and my own experience with his staff over the last 3 years. I had an extremely positive experience with my surgery and am thrilled with my results. I feel that he listened to my goals of the... READ MORE


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Can I upload a pre-existing excel sheet without building it through submissions?Asked by Michael Wentz on September 10, 2013 at 03:38 PM
I have already received data for my list prior to signing up with Jot Form. Rather than enter in each one through the submission form I would like to upload the document so that it displays on my website through the report function. Is it possible to do this? How?
JotForm Support
Thank you for your interest in our service.
The short answer is no, but we are working on it. It should be the Import Excel Application that will allow users to populate their form submissions.
It was mentioned on our blog:
What's Cooking in the JotForm Kitchen
I have added a note to our system, so we will let you know once it is available.
JotForm Support
Your question needs 2 apps for that. One for importing data to your JotForm account and one for viewing your data. Luckily, we are going to release them soon.
Hope you'll be able to do what you asked for with these 2 upcoming apps.
If there's more details you want to share concerning the process of your situation, please feel free to tell them.


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Featuring Model Prices and Specifications, plus Reviews,News and Videos.
QUEENSLAND MOTORISTS will soon have the option to offset their vehicles' carbon emissions through a voluntary payment that will go toward the stat...
Interested in a new car? Simply tell us the vehicle you are interested in and we can take care of the rest.
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Bethlehem, Pa. Nine Quakers will be seeded in the top-eight at the 2006 EIWA Championships this weekend at Lehigh's Stabler Arena. Two wrestlers earned the top seed, while five others are top-five seeds.
Junior Matt Valenti and freshman Matt Dragon and are seeded first at 133 and 149 pounds, respectively. Valenti won the 125 pound weight class as a sophomore in 2004 and will face Dan Appello of Brown in the first round. Valenti is ranked seventh in the nation with a 27-2 record. Dragon is competing in his first conference championship and will battle Robert Latessa of Harvard in the opening round. Dragon is 15th in the nation with a 26-6 record.
Junior Matt Herrington is the No. 2 seed at 174 pounds. The Cambridge, N.Y. native has a record of 14-4 and will face Dwayne Hash of American in the first round. Herrington is ranked 17th in the latest Intermat poll. Seniors Mike Silengo and Paul Velekei are seeded third at 125 and 197 pounds, respectively. Silengo, 16-6 on the season, has a first round bye and will face the winner of Robert Benitez (Princeton)/ No. 6 Jeff Schell (Brown). Silengo is ranked as high as 13th in the nation. Velekei, who is 16-6 overall, faces Nicolas Somers of Franklin & Marshall in the first round.
Junior Gene Zannetti picked up the fourth seed at 157 pounds. Zannetti is 21-10 on the season and has been in and out of the top-20 during the season. He will wrestle Andrew Smith from Franklin & Marshall.
Pickin up a pair of fifth seeds at 141 pounds and 184 pounds are freshman Cesar Grajales and senior Dustin Wiles. Grajales is 21-9 on the season and has a bye in the first round. He will face the winner of No. 4 Sal Tirico (Columbia)/Mark Savino (Brown). Wiles also have a first round bye and will take on the winner of No. 4 Rudy Medini (Rutgers)/Richard Norley (Franklin & Marshall). The Farmington, Mo. native is 24-9 on the season.
Sophomore Lior Zamir is the No. 7 seed at 165 pounds. Zamir sports a 19-9 record on the season and takes on Dustin Tillman of Columbia in his first match.
The 102nd EIWA Championships will begin Saturday morning at 10 a.m. No. 22 Penn will look to challenge No. 14 Cornell and No. 15 Lehigh for the team title.
125 No. 3 seed Mike Silengo (No. 13)
133 No. 1 seed Matt Valenti (No. 7)
141 No. 5 seed Cesar Grajales
149 No. 1 seed Matt Dragon (No. 15)
157 No. 4 seed Gene Zannetti
165 No. 7 seed Lior Zamir
174 No. 2 seed Matt Herrington (No. 17)
184 No. 5 seed Dustin Wiles
197 No. 3 seed Paul Velekei
285 Jack Sullivan


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Lavender & Aloe Vera Deodorant
Lavender & Aloe Vera Deodorant
Product Actions
Additional Information
This natural deodorant uses extract of alpine moss to fight the bacteria that cause odor. Cleansing organic Essential Oils of Lavender, Tea Tree and Ylang Ylang are teamed with aloe vera, which is renowned for its cooling and soothing properties.
• For all skin types
• Contains a blend of cleansing extracts
• Powerful, natural underarm protection
How to use:
Spray under arms as required. Do not use on broken skin. Discontinue use if rash or irritation occurs.
Alcohol denat., Aqua, Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) leaf juice powder*, Lavandula angustifolia (Lavender) oil*, Cananga odorata (Ylang ylang) oil*, Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) oil*, Glycerin, Sodium usnate (Lichen) extract, Benzyl alcohol, Benzyl benzoate, Benzyl salicylate, Coumarin, Eugenol, Farnesol, Geraniol, Isoeugenol, Limonene, Linalool.
*Organically produced ingredient. Natural constituent of essential oils listed.
Made with 100% ingredients from natural origin.
This is a vegan product.
I've been using natural deodorant for over four years. This is the first spray deodorant I've tried and it is by far the best. I apply in the morning and haven't had to reapply during the day at all! Even the next morning, still no odour. I love it! With all the other natural cream deodorants, I always had to reapply throughout the day and was never fully satisfied with odour control.
Bought this deodorant due to itching from all other non plant based deodorants ..and I am truly happy with this no irritation at all excellent product and smells good too 😁😁
I have tried other natural deodorants and none of them work as well as this. Yes the perfume smell does fade after a short time but that doesn't really matter as it has still kept me smelling fresh and free of sweaty odour!rnGreat that it doesn't contain 'alum' as some natural deodorants do. Would recommend.
First time user of a natural deodorant. I have been using it during the recent hot and muggy weather and it's been a dream. Has kept me fresh all day. The scent is not too overpowering and true, whilst it dissipates after a while, the lack of a strong noticeable perfume does not bother me. A very nice formula. Gentle. Non-irritating. I am a convert!
The blend of oils smells great for the first half hour, however it is not effective as a deodorant.
It smells lovely and refreshing. Natural ingredients never irritate the skin,but this is not long lasting. Smell disappear very very quickly. Better use it as a body spray rather than deodorant . I wouldn't but this again.
I was surprised at how well this deodorant works. It has a lovely fresh smell. After a month of using it, my skin feels a lot nicer too.
This is one of the best deodorants i've ever worn and love everything about it. It doesn't irritate my skin at all and for me, the gorgeous scent is long-lasting. I'm onto my second bottle of it now, very pleased with this product.
Finally found a reliable deodorant without nasty chemicals that works! Smells great, if I'm having a slightly stressed day I just spray again at lunch and it lasts the rest of the day. If you understand that it's not going to stop you sweating then you shouldn't be disappointed. Good product would recommend
Have been using this product for about 6 years and it works really well for me.
Love this safe & natural deodorant! It's worth remembering that you're not getting an anti-perspirant (& I presume never will, naturally!), so you will still be sweating. I really do vouch for the formula though, with the antibacterial tea-tree in the mix your pits will remain as fresh as a daisy! I've been out biking up some mean hills in the sunshine today & I'm still smelling sweet. Result! :)
Very disappointed with this product. I really wanted it to work as it smells lovely! But I found I had to re-apply it throughout the day, and for the price of it the effectiveness just didn't match up. Maybe make it more concentrated?
My first foray into a natural deodorant, and I an impressed, the skin in my armpits is much softer and smoother now. rnI would say that I have to apply this twice a day, but it's a small compromise to make for no longer using an anti-perspirant. rnMy 9 year old son who has sensitive skin issues, allergies and eczema uses this too as he has just started to get a bit of BO, and he has no problems with it at all am trying the Lemon and Coriander next as I've heard it's even better.
We are unable to send this product outside of the UK since it is prohibited by the relevant authorities (CAA, DFT and MCA).
UK Standard (3 - 5 working days Monday - Friday)
- FREE UK standard delivery on all orders over £40
- £4.95 on orders under £40
UK Express
- £6.95 Orders placed before noon Monday to Thursday will arrive on the next working day before 5.30pm, except certain postcodes. Not including Saturday or Sunday. Orders placed before noon on a Friday will arrive on the following Monday. Excluding Bank Holidays.
All UK orders
Parcel force (except where stated). Anytime from 8am - 5.30pm Monday - Friday
Require a signature on delivery. Should the recipient not be in, the parcel may be taken to the nearest Post Office or a re-delivery attempted the following day.
Our Awards
Natural, Safe & Ethical
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£8.50 / 100ml
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£13.00 / 45ml


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Message board »Message Board home »Sign-in or register to get startedOnline now: 0 members ; 217 anonymous
|May 26, 2013
Bubble Gum
119 posts
Too bad you can't go....
It will be a great show.
It's too bad you didn't put this post up a few days ago as I already got tickets for CCR!
|May 26, 2013
big cat7
Men's 50
115 posts
|They were just here in tulsa, it was a great show


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I went on a date with a guy I met online. We had matched like 6 months ago but I didn't respond to his message til now because I wasn't really using that app. Our first date he seemed kinda shy, a bit distant and not a lot of eye contact. I felt like I was talking a lot and trying to make conversation with him. I was surprised when he suggested we go to another bar and play pool. At the end of the date he said he didn't want the night to end and asked to see me again. He kissed me out of nowhere.
He texted me 2 days later, and then throughout the week and planned for a Saturday night date. We went to a concert but it was hard to hear each other, so we barely talked, but we did talk in the car. He was VERY touchy feely. I was getting a bit tired so we left. He drove me back to my car. He asked me if I wanted to see him again and I said yes. Then he kissed me again.
He works evening shift and I work day shift so during the car ride we discussed our schedules. I didn't hear from him for two whole days, so on third day I texted him about something in the news. He responded quickly and apologized for not texting me earlier, saying he was sick. Then he writes, "I hope I can see you again soon" and I respond with let's do something where we can hear each other talk and he replies Absolutely. Usually his texts are quite long, so a one word answer is strange...
I just noticed now that he updated his profile and put up some new pictures. Do you think he's not interested or what?
Most Helpful Guy
It could be that he has moved on or perhaps he really is sick. If you've only been on two dates I wouldn't worry too much about what's going on.
Although if you want to know for sure, wait a few days and ask him out. Ask him to go look at the Christmas lights or something, a lot of cities have places you can drive through which is cool. Then dinner afterwards or before, either way.
Keep in mind that you shouldn't get too serious too soon. Live by the three H's when dating - especially in the initial phase. Hangout, have fun and hook up.
In the meantime, talk to other guys. You should see what else is out there and if he comes around great. If not, there are plenty other fish in the sea.00|00|0
Yeah, I do have more dates lined up, but I really liked him...
Unfortunately things don't always work out, that's just how it goes. I've been crushed by plenty of girls that I really liked and always found one better. When one door closes another one opens.
I'm assuming you haven't talked to him yet about this though? So it could still work :)
Most Helpful Girl
Maybe he really was sick and he didn't feel like talking more than that. His response was pretty positive though.00|00|0