text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 12, 1998
|Filing date
|Feb 3, 1997
|Priority date
|Oct 1, 1992
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Neil Alasdair James Jarvis
|Original Assignee
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (42), Classifications (18), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/130,060, filed Sep. 30, 1993, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to non-coherent cache memories, and in particular to a method of operating a dynamically resizable non-coherent cache.
In computer systems generally, where a number of independent processors share common memory resource, it has become widespread practice for each of the independent processors to be provided with a cache memory containing a sub-set of the data contained in the shared memory resource. The sub-set of data retained in the cache is desirably the most commonly used information by the respective processor, and is used to reduce the number of requests which must be made to the shared memory resource for data to be transferred therefrom.
Cache memories also have application in a single processor environment where a high-speed processor may be supported by a small, high-speed (and therefore expensive) cache memory area, and a larger, slow (and therefore cheaper) main memory area.
When designing and implementing a non-coherent cache for a new system, it is often particularly difficult to determine the optimal size of cache that will be required. If the cache is small, then it is low cost, and occupies only a small portion of a fast working memory of the processor. However, the number of successful retrievals of data from the cache without requiring access to the shared memory resource or slower main memory will be small (ie. the hit rate is low), and the benefits of provision of a cache will be severely compromised. If the cache is too large, then although the hit rate is high, valuable high-speed memory is reserved for under-used cache entries, instead of generally enhancing system performance.
It is also common for a system to be utilised in a number of environments, where the nature of the particular environment will determine the optimal cache size. Where the system environment is dynamic, it is particularly difficult to determine the optimum cache size for all conditions.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method allowing dynamic alteration of the size of a cache in real time while the system utilising the cache is in operation.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system which is able to adapt its own environment by dynamically altering its cache size during the running of the system.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for resizing a non-coherent cache wherein said cache memory space is sub-divided into a number of pages, each page containing a memory space for a predetermined number of entries, said method including the steps of:
a) setting a cache size of a first number of pages;
b) receiving data items each including a key value and storing said data in said cache at addresses on pages determined by a first selection process operating on said key value;
c) monitoring cache usage to determine whether said first number of cache pages should be increased or decreased;
d) in the event that said first number of cache pages should be increased or decreased, receiving further data items and storing said further data items at addresses on pages in the cache according to a second selection process different to said first selection process.
In accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a cache memory system including:
a processor;
a cache memory including a first number of pages;
means for receiving data items each including a key value and storing said data items in said cache at addresses on pages determined by a first selection process operating on said key values;
means for monitoring cache usage to determine whether said first number of cache pages should be increased or decreased;
means for modifying said first selection process to a second selection process in response to said means for monitoring determining that said first number of cache pages should be increased or decreased, such that further received data items are stored at cache addresses on pages according to said second selection process.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a packet routing system illustrative of a possible use of the cache resizing system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a detailed schematic diagram of a part of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram showing a portion of cache memory according to the present invention; and
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a key address used to derive a cache memory address.
With reference to FIG. 1 there is shown a routing system 10 for the routing or bridging of data packets on a data communication network.
The routing system 10 includes a number of linecards (LC1,LC2,LC3) 12,14,16, each of which is connected to a corresponding network 13,15,17 of various types. The linecards 12,14,16 are each responsible for interfacing with the particular type of network to which they are attached. For example, linecard 12 may interface with an FDDI optical fibre network 13, and linecard 14 might interface with an Ethernet type network 15. The linecards 12,14,16 are also coupled to a management processor card (MPC) 20 and a shared memory resource 22 via a high-speed bus 24. The management processor card 20 is responsible for the overall management of the routing system 10. The shared memory resource 22 includes a pool memory used by all linecards in the system and, more specifically includes an address resolution engine (ARE). The address resolution engine 22 includes a database of addresses of nodes within the system 10, including information identifying the particular linecard which provides access to that address. In a typical system, greater than 10000 addresses might be expected.
With reference to FIG. 2, there is shown a detailed schematic diagram of the linecard 12. The line card 12 includes an interface unit 30 for receiving data packets from, and placing data packets onto the optical fibre network 13.
The linecard further includes a packet processing unit 32. Data packets received by interface unit 30 from the network 13 are passed to a buffer controller 44 with an associated tank memory 45 which controls the inflow and outflow of the data packets from and to the interface. Packet processing capability is provided by a high-speed processor 34 with local synchronous instruction memory (SIM) 35 and synchronous data memory (SDM) 36. Processor 34 receives data for processing via a write buffer 40. Processed data packets which are to be routed to other linecards 14,16 in the routing system 10 are placed onto the high-speed bus 24 by a bus interface unit (BIU) 46. The packet processor also includes a slave processor 42 which receives lower priority processing tasks from high-speed processor 34 via a dual port RAM 38.
In order to route or bridge data packets, the packet processing unit 32 must interrogate the address resolution engine 22 with information extracted from the received packet. To do this, a request must be formulated and transmitted to the address resolution engine 22 over bus 24. In response to this interrogation, the address resolution engine 22 responds with the necessary data determining where the packet will be forwarded to, plus additional information relating to destination media access control addresses in the case of a routing packet, and filtering information in the case of a bridge packet.
Since: (a) network traffic tends to be somewhat repetitive in nature, that is, it is common to find trains of packets for the same destination, and (b) the address resolution engine 22 is a shared system resource requiring usage of the system bus 24 with which to provide access by individual linecards 12,14,16, it is desirable to provide each packet processing unit 32 with a cache memory for storing the results of recent address resolution engine interrogations. In the system configuration described, the processor 34 typically stores such a cache in memory 36, working in the high-speed domain of the processor 34. Thus the processor need not await formulation of requests to the address resolution engine 22 by slave processor 42, and transmission and return of data over the bus 24 if the addressing data is in the cache in memory 36. In the present example, the cache in memory 36 may typically include data in respect of 2000 addresses, or 20% of the addresses available in the address resolution engine 22.
The cache 36 includes a cache refreshment mechanism for ensuring that cached data which becomes invalid (or "stale") is removed from the cache. This is achieved by allowing entries in the cache to expire after a certain period of time. A suitable cache refreshment mechanism is described in co-pending UK application to Digital Equipment International Limited, entitled "Low-overhead, non-coherent cache refreshment mechanism" filed on the same day as the present application.
In the present example, the pattern of data packet traffic for which address data must be retrieved is likely to change in real time and, for example, is likely to include peaks and troughs in the number of systems communicating with one another over the networks at any particular time of the day. The number of network addresses regularly used by a particular processor at any one time is also therefore likely to change. This dynamic nature of the networks will effectively alter the optimum cache size for any one processor 34.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a cache memory 50 according to the present invention and as stored in synchronous data memory 36 is represented as a series of pages 60-1, 60-2, 60-3 . . . 60-m. Each page is identified in memory by its page address 61. Each page includes addressable memory space subdivided into entries 62-1, 62-2, 62-3 . . . 62-n. Each entry 62 is identified by its entry address 63. In the example shown in the figure, each page 60 includes 27 addressable locations 62 (n=128), and the cache 50 includes 24 pages 60 (m=16). The relative sizes of pages 60 and cache 50 are exemplary only, and determine the granularity of the cache. A page address 61 may be regarded as a starting position in the cache memory 50, and the entry address 63 regarded as an offset to that position. A page, in the context of this application, is thus defined as any portion of contiguous memory space within the cache memory 36 and may be sufficient for the storage of one or more entries 62.
Each cache entry 62 stores a routing address data 64 for nodes within the various networks 13,15,17 retrieved from the address resolution engine 22. Each individual entry in the address resolution engine 22 (ie. representing each node within the system) is uniquely identified by, for example, the maximum size OSI 20-byte address. In order to avoid the necessity of performing a 20-byte comparison when searching for address data in the address resolution engine 22, this is compressed to a 32-bit hashed key using techniques well known in the art. Such a key 70 is shown in FIG. 4. The key 70 is used to determine the cache address 61,63 into which the routing address data will be placed. The key is 32 bits long, having a least significant bit 70-1, and a most significant bit 70-32, and is therefore capable of identifying 232 (>4�109) addressable locations. The cache 50, on the other hand, has 27 multiplied by 24 (=211 or 2048) addressable locations. A selection process maps the address of the entry in address resolution engine 22 to an address 61,63 in the cache (hereinafter referred to as the cache address) by using seven entry selection bits 72 of the key 70 to identify the entry address 63, and a further four page selection bits 75 to identify the page address 61. Thus bits 70-9 to 70-15 together with 70-18 to 70-21 fully identify the cache address 61,63. The particular bits 70-9 to 70-15 and 70-18 to 70-21 are entirely exemplary, and in reality would be carefully preselected for use by the selection process depending upon the distribution of individual key values 70 throughout the range of possible values arising in the 32-bit hashed address.
Cache address collisions can be accommodated using standard re-hashing techniques well known in the art. In the present example, a modified quadratic re-hashing scheme is used: if the cache address 61,63 is already occupied by a valid cache entry, then the next sequential address is tried, followed by the third next sequential address. To avoid significant processing overhead, only two re-hash operations are permitted, and if no vacant cache address 61,63 has been found thereafter, the data is not stored in the cache 50. Frequent occurrence of this situation suggests that the cache is too small, or that the selection process has not be optimised for the pattern of likely key values.
A cache usage monitoring system continually monitors the usage of the cache. This is preferably achieved by determining the ratio of valid cache entries to the number of available cache addresses, but might alternatively utilize factors such as the cache hit rate, the proportion of entries being aged out of the cache, or the number of collisions which must be handled during the cache address selection process. This permits the system to determine whether the present cache size is optimal and making efficient use the valuable high speed memory resource 36. Such cache size monitoring systems are well known in the art, and may form part of a cache refreshment system responsible for the ageing out of old or stale cache entries. A cache refreshment mechanism has been described in co-pending UK Patent Application entitled "Low overhead, non-coherent cache refreshment mechanism" filed by Digital Equipment International Limited on the same date as the present application.
In accordance with the present invention, where the cache usage monitoring system determines that the cache is being under-utilized, the cache is reduced in size by removing a number of pages from the cache. This is effected by a modification to the selection process which maps the 32-bit key address 70 to a cache address 61,63. In the simple example above, this may be achieved by reducing the number of pages from 24 to 23, and reducing the number of page selection bits 75 to only include bits 70-18 to 70-20 of key address 70, ie. by removal of most significant bit 70-21 from the page selection bits 75 to form page selection bits 74. It will thus be clear that all entries 62 in the cache 50 resident on pages 60-9 (23 +1) to 60-16 (24) are no longer addressable using this new selection process and will effectively be lost. This, however, is transparent to the processor 34: the remaining entries 62 on pages 60-1 to 60-8 will remain accessible using the new selection process, and any requests for data therein will result in a cache hit. A request for data resident in the removed pages will result in the new selection process directing the processor 34 to a different page 60 within the new page address range 60-1 to 60-8, such that a cache miss will be reported in conformity with the normal operation of a non-coherent cache. The processor will then request the data from the ARE 22.
Conversely, where the cache usage monitoring system determines that the cache is being over-utilized, with consequent detrimental effects on the speed and performance of the system, the cache may be increased in size by adding a number of pages 60 to the cache. This is effected by a modification to the selection process which maps the 32-bit key address 70 to a cache address 61,63 in analogous manner to that described above for reducing the cache size. In this instance, however, the cache size is doubled to 32 (25) pages, and an extra page selection bit 70-22 is utilized in the selection process, to result in page selection bits 76 forming a new cache address 61,63.
For some entries 62 (about half the total number) previously populating page range 60-1 to 60-16, the processor 34 will be directed to newly created pages 60-17 to 60-32 where the entry will, of course, not be found, resulting in a cache miss. The data will therefore have to be retrieved from address resolution engine 22 in manner already described. The data thereby retrieved will be mapped into the newly created pages 60-17 to 60-32, transparently to the processor. The original entries on pages 60-1 to 60-16 corresponding to those newly mapped entries will, of course, still reside in the cache on the smaller sub-set of pages 60-1 to 60-16 before the cache expansion, but will no longer be accessible to the system. This, also, will be transparent to the processor: the entries will, as in the normal operation of a non-coherent cache, be either aged out by the cache management system, or victimized and overwritten for new cache entries according to the protocol being used.
Various selection processes or algorithms may be used, and the invention is not limited to the 32-bit key address bit-masking scheme illustrated above. The selection of bits 70-9 to 70-15 for establishing the entry address 63, and the selection of bits 70-18 to 70-21 for establishing the page address is exemplary only, as indicated above. In the example given where page numbering changes are effected by addition or deletion of a bit from the page selection bits 74, 75 or 76, access is retained after resizing to half of the former cache entries 62 in existence before resizing, with the condition that the cache size may only be altered by a factor of two, up or down.
Where a different selection process is used, for example, modulo division of a portion of the key address 70 by the number of entries 60 permitted in the cache 50, or division of the key address by the largest prime number below the number of pages of the cache, etc., then smaller changes in number of pages may be effected. This may have the effect of reducing the proportion of live cache entries which remain accessible after the resizing operation.
For example, supposing that the cache address is obtained by modulo division of the key address 70 (or part thereof) by the cache size. Assuming a potential 10000 addresses exist in ARE 22, and the cache size initially has a potential 2000 locations available for use, and ARE key address numbers "0128" and "5255" would therefore be mapped to cache addresses "0128" and "1255" respectively. A subsequent change in cache size by 10% to 1800 locations would cause the selection process to map those locations to "0128" and "1655" respectively. It will be observed that a 10% change in cache size will result in the lowest 10% of key addresses 70 ("0000" to "1800") maintaining their cache mapping locations after resizing, but all other key address 70 ("1801 to "9999") will be redistributed through the cache pages now available. The smaller the allowable change in cache size, the larger the loss of accessible cache entries after resizing and the lower the hit rate will fall temporarily after resizing. Thus, choice of selection process will depend upon the individual requirements.
Although the present invention has been described by reference to a system in which the cache is structured in pages, it will be recognised that the invention is equally applicable to addressing any area of contiguous memory space which may dynamically increase or decrease in size.
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|U.S. Classification
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|Sep 27, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 9, 2002
Owner name: COMPAQ INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, L.P., TEXAS
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|Nov 3, 2003
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS
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Technical Specifications
|Zoro #: G1620543 Mfr #: BC850-400HS L
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Product Description
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Plyo BoxesSet of 7: 6 - 42 Inch
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Re: In Your Opinion - Toys Of Each Decade?
In reply to:
In Your Opinion - Toys Of Each Decade?
Wanda Simmons 11/13/11
Hello out there!
I am a child of the 60's and I remember board games such as mousetrap, chutes and ladders and my family's favorite Pacheesi. At school we played jump rope, hop scotch, Chinese jump rope, jacks and marbles (I was the marble champ at Nadine B McCoy elementary in the 6th grade, 1970).
I did have a Barbie doll that I gotthe first year they came out with the bendable arms and legs. I wasn't really into Barbie and my mom didn't think it was appropriate for a little girl to have one so it must have come from some one else. She sat on the hifi next to a candle and her hair caught fire.
I mostly enjoyed riding my bike, roller skating, playing hide and go seek and making up games based on my favorite TV shows.
A metal lunch box was a big part of grade school. I had the Roadrunner and Coyote and the Peanuts gang.
Also played with the precurser to the Rubik's cube, four different colored blocks known as Instant Insanity.
I also spent a lot of time reading and still do. I enjoyed the Little Golden Books, Dr. Suess, Black Beauty, Ann Can Fly, Green Eyes and the Bobsey Twins in the country.


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Michael Ebling
Michael Ebling (born 27 January 1967) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). On 25 March 2012 he was elected mayor of Mainz as successor of Jens Beutel (SPD). Ebling took over the office of mayor on 18 April 2012.[1]
After passing the Abitur at Gonsbach-Gymnasium in 1986, Ebling served for 20 months in the civilian service, or Zivildienst, caring for the disabled.[2] He then studied law at the University of Mainz, and took on a political career as assistant to Klaus Hammer, member of the Landtag of Rhineland-Palatinate and chairman of the regional SPD. Later, he worked as an advisor to the ministry of education, science, and culture of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate, joining the office of minister of State Jürgen Zöllner.
Ebling took an active part in the Mainz city council between 1994 and 2002, taking a lead position as spokesman for cultural affairs. He also was a member of the executive committee of the parliamentary group of his party. Between 1995 and 2007 he was chairman of the SPD at Mombach, succeeding to Ursula Distelhut as a representative of the borough of Mainz-Mombach.
Michael Ebling was elected vice president of his party's parliamentary group in 1998, only to be chosen as president in November 2008. He was elected full-time deputy mayor for social affairs, youth, health and housing in 2002, after his predecessor Malu Dreyer changed to the third cabinet of Kurt Beck. Since 2006, Ebling joined the office of Doris Ahnen as Secretary of State.[3][4] In this position he is member of the external advisory board of the Graduate School of Excellence – Materials Science in Mainz.[5]
Mayor of Mainz[edit]
In a ballot on 25 March 2012 Michael Ebling was elected mayor of Mainz, gaining 58,2 percent of the votes cast against his competitor Günther Beck (Alliance '90/The Greens) who came out second with 41,8 percent.[7] Ebling was successful with an election programme putting social aspects and education policy on top of the agenda. He is the first native from Mainz to be elected mayor of his home town since 1965.
- ^ Monika Nellessen: OB-Wahl in Mainz: Michael Ebling (SPD) besiegt Günter Beck (Grüne) in der Stichwahl. From: Allgemeine Zeitung. 25 March 2012. Accessed on 26 March 2012.
- ^ If not noted otherwise, see Michael Ebling's biography on the website of http://www.mbwjk.rlp.de for details. Accessed on 26 March 2012. or Michael Ebling's website for the elections for mayor of Mainz in 2012
- ^ The MAINZ RESEARCH ALLIANCE introduces itself. Wissenschaftsallianz-mainz.de (3 September 2008). Retrieved on 20 October 2016.
- ^ Mainz Archaeological Center a major opportunity
- ^ Advisory Board. Mainz.uni-mainz.de (2 December 2013). Retrieved on 2016-10-20.
- ^ Mainz hat jetzt einen schwulen OB. Queer.de, March 25, 2012.
- ^ Michael Ebling wird OB in Mainz. From: Federal State government of Rhineland-Palatinate. 25 March 2012. Accessed on 26 March 2012.
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Michael Ebling.


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Please call 519 969 6851 to inquire.


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1. CHICAGO BULLS: Derrick Rose: 6'3, 190, PG, Fr., Memphis
I maintain my opinion that the Bulls should select Michael Beasley with their pick, but I don't believe they will. The Bulls will get a very good point guard with a local background to please their fans. He is strong and mature for his age and he'll be given a chance to lead them immediately.
2. MIAMI HEAT: Michael Beasley: 6'9, 235, SF/PF, Fr., Kansas St.
Beasley has actual "star" potential. He led the NCAA in rebounding and was third in scoring last season. He was absolutely dominant against excellent competition and he enjoyed one of the most impressive freshman seasons in NCAA history. His addition gives the Heat a dangerous trio of Beasley, Dwyane Wade, and Shawn Marion.
3. MINNESOTA TIMBERWOLVES: O.J. Mayo: 6'5, 200, SG/PG, Fr., USC
Brook Lopez would be a safe pick here, but the Timberwolves desperately need a savoir, and although Mayo probably isn't a savior, he has an incredibly high ceiling and the potential to be great.
4. SEATTLE SONICS: Jerryd Bayless: 6'3, 200, PG, Fr., Arizona
He's not a pure point guard yet, but Bayless is extremely talented and he would be another important piece to the Sonics rebuilding process. Bayless and Durant could become the highest scoring guard duo in the NBA.
5. MEMPHIS GRIZZLIES: Brook Lopez: 7'0, 260, C, So., Stanford
All Memphis really got from the Pau Gasol trade was a gaping hole at the center position. Lopez is clearly the best center in this draft. He's smart, mature, plays hard and would significantly improve their woeful defense.
6. NEW YORK: Danilo Gallinari: 6'9, 210, SF, 19 y/o, Italy
Gallinari is an acclaimed international prospect and his father was a teammate of Knicks coach Mike D'Antoni in Italy, so this pick could make sense. If D'Antoni is comfortable with this prospect they should draft him without hesitation.
7. LOS ANGELES CLIPPERS: Eric Gordon: 6'3, 215, SG, Fr., Indiana
As an undersized shooting guard Gordon is very good, but if he's asked to play point guard he could struggle because he doesn't have the instincts for the position. The Clippers will welcome his uncanny ability to score in a variety of ways.
8. MILWAUKEE BUCKS: Kevin Love: 6'9, 260, PF, Fr. UCLA
It's difficult to predict Love's NBA potential, but at the least he should be a tough, bruising, defensive-minded role player that will provide rebounds and the best outlet passing seen in years. He dominated many other prospects in this draft while at UCLA last year. This would be the Bucks taking the best player available (despite already having bodies at the power forward position), which seems like a good idea.
9. CHARLOTTE BOBCATS: Anthony Randolph: 6'10, 200, SF/PF, Fr., LSU
Perhaps the Bobcats will seek help at point guard with this pick, but it's more likely that they will select the player with the most long-range potential. That would be Randolph, a skilled and versatile forward that needs to work hard on his thin body.
10. NEW JERSEY NETS: Darrell Arthur: 6'9, 220, PF, So., Kansas
A bunch of big men will be considered with this pick, but none of the centers are worthy of such a high selection. Of the remaining low-post players, Arthur is possibly the most prepared to play immediately.
11. INDIANA PACERS: DJ Augustin: 5'11, 175, PG, So., Texas
The Pacers need help at the point guard spot and Augustin is an excellent floor leader. He's a smart player and has great chararacter. His small size (5'11, 175) is the only reason he won't be picked sooner.
12. SACRAMENTO KINGS: Russell Westbrook: 6'3, 185, So., UCLA
He's still learning the position, but Westbrook looks like he can become a solid point guard in the future. He's already a stellar defensive player and he has improving scoring abilities.
13. PORTLAND TRAILBLAZERS: Donte Green: 6'10, 220, SF, Fr., Syracuse
He should have stayed in school and worked on his fundamentals, but Green is a gifted athlete with great size and impressive shooting range. If the team that drafts him is patient, they could end up with a very good small forward in a few years.
14. GOLDEN STATE WARRIORS: Robin Lopez: 7'0, 255, C, So., Stanford
This is a bit of a reach, but consider that the Warriors desperately need help in the low post and although Robin Lopez doesn't have as much long-range potential as some other available big men, he's ready to contribute immediately. I actually trust him to perform more than most of the other centers in this draft.
15. PHOENIX SUNS: Joe Alexander: 6'8, 220, SF, Jr., West Virginia
He's a dynamic scorer, but he's not a great long-range shooter or a capable defender, and he may be a bit of a tweener. Alexander has a very high ceiling and a very low floor, so he's risky if taken in too soon. He's a good choice here, however.
16. PHILADELPHIA 76ERS: Kosta Koufos: 7'0, 250, C, Fr., Ohio St.
He's big and has a nice skill set. There doesn't seem to be star quality with him, but if the Sixers can get a contributing center at #16 they'll be happy.
17. TORONTO RAPTORS: JaVale McGee: 7'0, 235, C, So., Nevada
McGee is another huge, athletic prospect that isn't expected to contribute immediately, but it's hard to fault a team for taking a seven-footer this low with hopes of developing him. The Raptors would like to find a true center to relieve Chris Bosh and allow him to play the 4 spot more often.
18. WASHINGTON WIZARDS: DeAndre Jordan: 7'0, 260, C, Fr. Texas A&M
Jordan isn't nearly ready to play in the NBA. He didn't even crack the starting line-up in his lone season at Texas A&M. He is huge, however, and NBA teams will always draft athletic 7-footers and hope that they develop. There just aren't enough quality centers available, so Jordan will be somebody's project.
19. CLEVELAND CAVALIERS: Brandon Rush; 6'6, 210, SG, Jr., Kansas
The Cavaliers will probably select the best player available without consideration of position because they need better depth on their roster, but Rush would fill their need for a shooter. He is very talented, but was inconsistent in college.
20. DENVER NUGGETS: Mario Chalmers: 6'1, 190, PG, Jr., Kansas
The knock on Chalmers is that he's more of shooter than a pure point guard and that would make him a poor fit for most teams, but Allen Iverson acts as the primary ball-handler for the Nuggets, so Chalmers could use his quickness and excellent shooting stroke to provide more scoring for this team.
21. NEW JERSEY NETS: Roy Hibbert: 7'2, 280, C, Sr., Georgetown
Teams are seeking quicker, more athletic centers today, and that hurts the stock of gigantic and lumbering men like Hibbert, but the Nets desperately need a true center and Hibbert has the size and skill set to really help this team.
22. ORLANDO MAGIC: Nicolas Batum: 6'8, 215, SF, 19 y/o, France
Batum is a fantastic athlete and he is very good at finishing on the fast break. He still needs to prove himself against American competition, but his stock is rising fast and he may not be here for the Magic to draft.
23. UTAH JAZZ: Nathan Jawai, 6'10, 280, C, 21 y/o, Australia
If he was a few inches taller Jawai might be a lottery pick, but at 6'10 he is just a little short for the center position. He survives, however, on brute strength and surprising athleticism for such a burly man. The Utah Jazz live off of tough defense and constant screens, which Jawai would help with immediately.
24. SEATTLE SUPERSONICS: Marreese Speights: 6'10, 245, PF, So., Florida
Speights doesn't have star potential and he wouldn't need to on this team. The Sonics need tough low-post warriors and Speights really competes on the low blocks. He is a good rebounder, blocks shots, and he has a soft shooting touch near the basket.
25. HOUSTON ROCKETS: Chris Douglas-Roberts: 6'7, 210, SG/SF, Jr., Memphis
CDR is a versatile wing player with the potential to be a special defensive stopper, which the Rockets pride themselves on. He has a quirky style, but that doesn't matter because he's effective and plays hard.
26. SAN ANTONIO SPURS: Alexis Ajinca: 7'1, 225, C, 20 y/o, France
The Spurs appreciate international players more than any other team in the NBA except the Toronto Raptors and they like to draft players for the future, not expecting an instant contributor at #26. Ajinca is an absurdly athletic seven-footer with tons of potential, but he's a few years away from being NBA-ready.
27. NEW ORLEANS HORNETS: Bill Walker, 6'6, 225, SF, So., Kansas St.
Walker would provide support on the wing for the deep and talented Hornets. He has a strong body and plays bigger than he is. Walker is mature and has the tools to enjoy a career as a reliable role player in the NBA.
28. MEMPHIS GRIZZLIES: Serge Ibaka: 6'10, 220, PF, 18 y/o, Congo
For the Gizzlies to rebuild through the draft, they will need to take a chance on a raw, but very talented, prospect like Ibaka. He's still learning the game and growing into his body, but he's
29. DETROIT PISTONS: Jason Thompson: 6'11, 250, PF/C, Sr., Rider
With Antonio McDyess and Rasheed Wallace aging, and Jason Maxiell undersized, the Pistons could look at Thompson, who often destroyed lesser competition while at Rider. It's unclear whether he can compete with NBA-caliber talent, however.
30. BOSTON CELTICS: Courtney Lee: 6'5, 200, SG, Sr., Western Kentucky
It's very difficult to find a player that can actually make your roster with the 30th pick, but Lee is an experienced (a rare senior) and smart perimeter player who would have a chance to stick here.
For more NBA draft information visit NBA Draft Blog


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Get More Entertainment with Charter TV® in Winfield
See your favorite movies, TV shows, and sports games like never before, in brilliant HD. Approximately 1,427 homes in Winfield have already upgraded their viewing experience with HD programming as part of their home entertainment package with Charter Cable. HD deals won't break the bank, either — Charter has a multitude of packages available for every budget. Sports fans appreciate HD, making you feel like you are on the sidelines. With specials from Charter in Winfield, you'll feel like you're sitting on Pit Row as NASCAR's finest drivers, like Mark Martin and Greg Biffle nudge each other for position ahead of the checkered flag. See the intense faces, feel like you're on the sidelines, and experience the excitement of the racetrack with an HD package from Charter Cable.


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2 works Add another?
Most Editions | First Published | Most Recent
Histoire de la volonté de perversion de l'intelligence et des mœurs1 edition - first published in 1996
La peste et le cholera1 edition - first published in 1999
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History Created April 1, 2008 · 2 revisions
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text: Jack Trigger Jack Trigger 2010-11-08 I don't know what they're thinking, but I'm starting to see a sick and twisted pattern forming. What does it all mean? Is someone having a fun joke with the Inturdwebz, or are we going to have our minds blown? via Image Comics Share this:TwitterFacebookGoogleTumblrEmailMoreLinkedInPrintPinterestReddit Tags:Image Comicsteaser


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We help you search for a Hornsea conducting tutor. Conducting tuition are an excellent method to start a stimulating new hobby, acquire a new skill and attain confidence in conducting. Please use our site to find Hornsea conducting teachers and determine which suits your requirements so you can enjoy your conducting tuition in Hornsea today!
This is the best place to contact Hornsea conducting teachers in the UK, helping you find Hornsea conducting tuition in your area and Hornsea tutors to assist with any instrument, for example, piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Hornsea conducting tuition or a Hornsea conducting tutor to prepare for conducting exams and develop your conducting skills! Our search will order Hornsea conducting teachers in your area according to their lesson charges and proximity to you.
If you are a conducting teacher wishing to offer your conducting lessons in Hornsea or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or find out more about us here. Becoming a Hornsea conducting teacher is a brilliant way to improve your own skills through giving conducting lessons while assisting someone else, all in Hornsea!


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Ray of Hope aims to transform communities in north India through education, healthcare, sanitation, and empowering women.
Help us make a tangible difference in the regions we serve with acts of kindness. There are gift items that your children can participate in, maybe providing a blanket for $5 or a sweater $3 for a needy child. Or perhaps, your whole family can provide a restroom for a needy family in India for $800 or a community bathroom for $2,500. 60% of Indians (that is out of 1.25 Billion) have no access to private bathroom.
All of these gifts can be a powerful tool to bring hope, freedom and transformation.
Your contribution is tax-deductible. Thank you for making a difference!
"We support Partners India because they are an efficient and effective organization and very responsible stewards of resources given them. Their staff of dedicated and committed individuals provide a major return on investment in terms of reaching the most people with God's message of salvation through evangelization while, at the same time, meeting the personal, physical, social and vocational needs of those they seek to reach for Christ."
Drs. John and Carolyn Carmichael, Lancaster, PA.
"After visiting India with PI, I am all the more convinced that God is truly using these Indigenous leaders. They are faithfully watching for opportunities to genuinely and compassionately meet the physical, intellectual and spiritual needs of those with whom they come in contact in tangible ways. I want to support them as they purposefully seek to be God's hands and feet in sharing the Gospel of Christ in word and deed."
Edward Steitz, Denver, CO.
Financial Accountability
Partners India is firmly committed to good stewardship of the funds entrusted to us by our friends and donors. We promise to use your gifts wisely and effectively in Christ's name.
Partners India is a Tax exempted organization under section 501c(3) with the IRS. All your contributions are tax deductible.


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Paula Abdul is a one-shot villainess in the Fox series Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life. She appeared as herself in the show's second episode, "How to Survive Insufficent Funds."
In the episode, Cooper, Barry, and Neil participate in a drug trial in a desperate attempt to make money and avoid being evicted. The side effects of the drug they take last for six hours, but despite this, they also attempt to sell their hangover cure, which was invented by Barry. The trio encounters singer Paula Abdul in a parking garage and make an offer to participate in an ad promoting "Barry's Hangover Cure," which Paula accepts. Later in the episode, Paula performs her dance moves for the promo, and after filming is completed, the trio celebrate their good fortune. Paula turned heel and pointed a gun at the trio, demanding that they give her all of their money. However, at that moment, the evil Paula is revealed to be a hallucination—one of the side effects of the drug that the group tested—and in reality, who they saw as Paula Abdul was really a homeless man, who robs them of all of the money they made at the drug trail.


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Butterick 6590; ca. 1970s; Misses' Pajamas. Semi-fitted, front-buttoned jumpsuit in two lengths has scoop neckline, shaped from inset, cuffed legs, self-tie belt and trim variations.
Links to reviews/blog posts Edit
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insert your photos of this pattern using the button below!
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About the Book
Re-live the magic of this favorite holiday classic of The Nutcracker. Join Clara on her magical journey with her Prince through the Land of the Snow and the Kingdom of Sweets.
The story is re-told through pictures of the Ballet Arte dancers.
Features & Details
- Category Fine Art Photography
Small Square, 7×7 in, 18×18 cm
94 Pages
- Publish Date May 26, 2013
See More
About the Creator
Deborah Brown
San Diego, CA
I have enjoyed ballet and photography most of my life. I am so excited to be able to combine the two arts together to capture and share the highlights of a dancers accomplishments through photography.
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Have you known about how to choose great looking lettering styles? If you do not know, discover them today.
A few people know that the importance of choosing the right tattoo lettering styles cannot be emphasized enough when they are crucial for expressing and displaying yourself in the right manner. In fact, tattoos are not only like a matter of flaunting stylish body art or the way of attracting attention. It is about having a mean by which to express experience, beliefs and ideas, which are still in your heart. There are several famous celebrities and names express styles of tattoos through images and letterings of tattoo art. There are some tips to choose great looking tattoos lettering styles that will help grace the body of many people today.
Lettering styles
You can find out a variety of lettering styles for your own tattoos. Most of popular selections, which can be found out on people's bodies"
Many names with preferred script
Short excerpts from the favorite poem of novel
A particular word, which is significant to someone important or to you
Friendship letterings are very popular as well friends to represent endurance and solidity.
Furthermore, for your own lettering choices, there are some styles available that you could choose from: old English script or Celtic fonts are among the popular ones with Sanskirt design. The Japanese Kanji writing is claiming as well.
In other words, tattoo lettering styles should reflect your own uniqueness. Yes, script styling is extremely important in case you wish to have distinction when it would stay with you permanently, and you can be proud of the design, which you have come up with. Determine on what words to use for your own tattoo lettering styles should be carefully done when you can be carrying this mark forever. Designing, choosing and interpreting your own unique tattoo letter designs will make the tattooing experience exciting. Also, you can browse the net or use magazines and books to look for the best one for you.
Really, if tattoos define beliefs or personality, so what better way to choose your own tattoo lettering style? Lettering will offer you more uniqueness and challenge to your tattoo designs. Generally, people often find out lettering styles that are available on the Internet as they browse thousands of tattoos and download to bring them your favorite artist. In fact, we know that finding really unique and beautiful designs to go along with tips as I mentioned above about the tattoo lettering style may be a painfully trudging experience. While there are a variety of websites available out there, I just believe in the Tattoo Me Now site where provides people with thousands unique and beautiful tattoos. If you are wishing to get unique tattoo to reflect your own personality, or anything you want, I highly recommend this helpful website to you. Let's enjoy it right now and surely you will have a lot of fun.
Latest posts by josephmailander (see all)
- Tattoo Me Now – An unbiased review - June 26, 2016
- Cool Tattoo Designs For Men And Women - June 24, 2016
- The Best Four Lower Back Tattoo Designs Disclosed - June 23, 2016


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Vehicle dealership Vindis has partnered with cancer support charity Macmillan.
The aim for the group is to raise £52,000 over the next two years starting March 2016 — a total which will fund an extra Macmillan nurse in an area close to the company.
Here's how The Vindis Group aim to reach their target:
Kick-starting this partnership was an effort held jointly by Macmillan and Vindis at Cambridge's Grand Arcade in March.
The day saw a photo booth set up at the site, along with a visit from Cambridge United football players. In total, more than £400 was raised.
Vindis looked to go even further with their next fundraising effort, when members of the company's Senior Management team took on the Three Peaks Challenge.
For the effort, Jamie Vindis, Mark Morris, Jason Packer, Peter Toop, Dan Jamieson, Phil Hedley, Richard Hillier and Paul Woodhouse climbed the highest peaks in Scotland, England and Wales — Ben Nevis, Scafell Pike and Snowden, respectively — in 24 hours.The challenge has already seen The Vindis Group raise over £9,600 for Macmillan, with further donations welcome via this Just Giving page.
As well as the Three Peaks Challenge, employees across the group are being encouraged to sign up to fundraising efforts for Macmillan. A dedicated fundraising event is also in the pipeline, where customers and members of the public will be invited to come along and help raise more money for the charity.
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If you have any questions about Macmillan we would love to hear from you .
You can also follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Flickr or YouTube.
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Jack Hammer Releases ACCIDENTAL DESTINY
LONGVILLE, Minn. -
Jack Hammer, an average guy retired after a lifetime in education, thinks he's about to be pulled over for speeding but soon realizes the Hummer behind him has no flashing lights and shows no signs of slowing down. Jack finds he's facing more than a ticket - he's facing the end of his life - and doesn't know why in this fast-paced new novel told from Jack's point of view. The divorced retiree soon learns he's in over his head and must do anything he can to stay one step ahead.
"Accidental Destiny" follows the story of Jack, a self-described "plain vanilla" guy who was in the wrong place at the wrong time. As law officials investigate an accident he's involved with, Jack learns the men following him may be connected to a federal narcotics investigation in the Bahamas and an unwitting connection he made while there. Can he outwit the criminals and help law enforcement close the case or will they come after him again? And can he keep everything a secret from his beautiful girlfriend? Set in the wilds of rural Minnesota, this thriller stars the natural world just as much as this unforgettable outdoorsman.
Author Jack Hammer is the pseudonym of Ed Hammersten, who lives in northern Minnesota. The retired educator was born, raised and taught in Minnesota, and he likes to golf, fish and hike. Hammersten is considering other books in this series. Hammersten dedicates this book to his grandson, Jackson, and the millions of other people who have autism.
For additional information, please visit http://www.jackhammerauthor.com.
Accidental Destiny
Jack Hammer
Dog Ear Publishing
ISBN: 978-1-4575-2800-2 208 pages $13.95 US
Available at Ingram, Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble and fine bookstores everywhere.
About Dog Ear Publishing, LLC
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text: Vendeur: *natural756ltd* (16.622) 99.5%, Lieu où se trouve: Multiple Locations, Lieu de livraison: GB et de nombreux autres pays, Numéro de l'objet: 191960807937 Catit Senses Treat Maze Product Features Clever way to make your cats work for treats Clear plastic covered maze with three openings Ideal for stimulating exercise and play Encourages your cats natural hunting abilities Can be added to other catit senses products to create complete sensory activity centre Product Description Catit Senses Treat Maze provides a clever way to make your cat work for its treats. The unit comes with two interchangeable serving plates for variety and varying degrees of difficulty. Box Contains 1 x Treat Maze About usWe are a family run business and all of our products will ship directly from our different warehouses,suppliers and stores across the United Kingdom so you get your items quickly and in perfect condition. We know how important it is for you to get what you ordered and get it fast. All our products are a 100% authentic and brand new. We work with all the biggest suppliers of high quality products to bring you only the best items. It is very important to us that we put our customers first and you will see this reflected in every transaction with us. We consider it a top priority that our customers are happy and in the rare event that they are not, we do everything we can to fix the situation. No customer will walk away from our store unhappy. If there's a problem, just let us know and we fix it. We guarantee you only the best experience when shopping with us!ShippingOur stock all ships from our UK-based warehouses and stores. Shipped via Couriers (depending on location and package weight) Unless stated otherwise, all orders will ship within 24 hours of your payment being processed. Check our feedback to see the great reviews of FAST shipping we offer. Shipping is always FREE- to UK MAINLAND ONLY excluding PO boxes and BFPO.Outlying postcodes can incur further charges please ask if unsure we try to help everyone were possible ReturnsWe offer a 30 day return/exchange policy for our products. You can choose refund or exchange if you are dissatisfied for any reason with your product.Only factory defects are accepted as a reason for a return. In the case of factory defects, we will replace the product for youWhen returning an item, it must be in all of the original packaging and include all of the original accessories or items that came with it. The item and package should be in original and perfect condition. You will be required to cover shipping on the return of defective items.All returns MUST be done within 30 days of date of purchase. Please note that we cannot give refunds or replacements after the 30 day limit has expired. When sending in a return, please note that it can take up to 7 business days for the return to be processed. We do our best to process as quickly as possible. We are extremely fair, and in the rare event of something out of the ordinary happening with our products or shipping, we will gladly work with you to find a solution. Brand: Catit, Manufacturer: Catit, MPN: 50739, EAN: 0022517507391, UPC: 022517507391, ISBN: Does not apply


text:
The Oilfield Workers Trade Union (OWTU) should not be blamed for the industrial action at State-owned Petrotrin which threatened the nation's fuel supply and will affected the entire country in the coming weeks and months.
Joint Trade Union Movement (JTUM) executive member, Vincent Cabrera, reminded the public that it was the Finance Minister who refused to move from the zero, zero, zero offer to oil workers.
And he called on Petrotrin management and the Government to act sensibly in the wage negotiations.
"We call on Petrotrin and the Minister of Finance not to be responsible for placing the country in an industrial relations crisis by sticking to his senseless zero per cent wage offer. Labour is painfully aware that should the Minister of Finance succeed in the imposition of a wage freeze, the same will quickly follow in the case of all other collective bargaining negotiations affecting all trade unions in Trinidad and Tobago," he stated.
Cabrera said the JTUM was in support of the OWTU and Petrotrin workers. And condemned persons who attacked the OWTU for opposing Petrotrin around the bargaining table.
"It is in this vein that we see the charge of holding the country to ransom as vacuous and baseless. What other choice than strike action do workers have when faced with a zero per cent wage offer over the period of six years?" he said.
He advised that the Finance Minister move to bring about an early settlement of the issue.
Cabrera said persons who were falsely accusing the OWTU of having a strangle hold were ignoring proper collective bargaining principles.


text:
The Sims™ Medieval part 42 Tips and Strategies
The Sims™ Medieval
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Genre: Simulation
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This video walkthrough demonstrates how to beat part 42 without any power ups. Uploaded on blammer official channel at December 6, 2012.
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I will update this post with more tips and tricks, so please bookmark this page and keep on checking in!
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Visit The Sims™ Medieval walkthrough page for level videos, tutorials, cheats and more.
Part 42 Questions
Questions related to part 42 of The Sims™ Medieval iPhone game.


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Author has written 25 stories for Merlin, Harry Potter, Chronicles of Narnia, Sherlock, Primeval, Supernatural, Hobbit, White Collar, How to Train Your Dragon, Star Trek: 2009, Teen Wolf, Avengers, and Rise of the Guardians.
Hi there. Thanks for reading any stories I write. Please remember to review. :)
Carpe Diem (Seize the day).
In Omnia Paratus (Ready for anything).
My YouTube account (in case anyone's intrested): http://www.youtube.com/user/CatchingCraziness?feature=mhee
Thanks to Tiny Ash, The Sorting of Messrs Fred and George is now in Chinese:
Thanks to Emeraude Noire, Servant of Magic is now in French: http://www.fanfiction.net/s/9378966/1/Le-Serviteur-de-la-Magie
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CBS San Francisco - Orlando. Istanbul. Dallas. Nice. And now, again, Baton Rouge... the images of violence and bloodshed have begun to exact a collective toll of exhaustion and anxiety.
Local News Provided in part by:
Discount Crowd Control - Crowd Control Barriers
Read the full article link below the following comments:


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Audacious Thinking–Nest model Bastian Thiery books a spread in the latest issue of 10 Men magazine. Working through the lens of photographer Paul Wetherell and styled by Matthias Karlsson, Bastian takes on elegant suits and jackets, revisited with blooming floral prints, graphic patterns and new volumes and proportions, delivering eclectic and intriguing images that emphasize his versatility.
Bastian Thiery Shows his Sophisticated Side for 10 Men
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Batman Arkham Knight - Red Hood
Who is the Arkham Knight? One year after the events of Batman: Arkham City, a new villain has arrived on the scene, and he's not holding back. Based on the designs of the 4th installment of the Batman Arkham video game series, the Batman Arkham Knight Red Hood Action Figure captures the mysterious Red Hood suited up in armor. What are his plans for Gotham and the Caped Crusader? Is he friend or foe!


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Dialogueri_rctopicdiegoang_0002219e_1.ogg (Ogg Vorbis sound file, length 4.6s, 72kbps)
Summary Edit
Angela Staley, asked if she and Diego are in love, replies, "one of us is."
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|This file was taken from the video game Fallout 3 or from websites created and owned by Bethesda Softworks, the copyright of which is held by Bethesda Softworks. All trademarks and registered trademarks present in the image are proprietary to Bethesda Softworks.
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THE sale of a hoard of Nazi memorabilia in Adelaide has enraged the Jewish community, which argues money is being made from Holocaust survivors' misery.
More than 30 German World War II items were auctioned today, including a gas canister, ten large Nazi flags, Swastika -emblazoned SS officer swords, Nazi volunteers' badge and a Waffen SS armband.
The items were offered as part of a 560-lot sale of several estates at a Kilkenny auction house, under instruction from a private collector whose Australian serviceman grandfather had gathered the memorabilia during World War II.
Some auction houses, such as online site eBay, ban the sale of items that "promote or glorify hatred (and) violence ..." such as Nazi and Nazi-related memorabilia.
eBay does not allow: "uniforms, uniform components, weapons, or other items that bear the Nazi swastika or SS runes, whether visible or covered".
Auctioneers Mason Gray Strange are defending the sale, stressing it was neither endorsing the Nazi regime nor intended to cause offence.
But Jewish Community Council of South Australia president Norman Schueler said the auctioneers should have known better than to inflame horrific memories of the Holocaust — the Nazi genocide of six million Jews during World War II.
"I would not like to think that people are trying to profit by trading on other people's misery," Mr Schueler said.
``These articles are a manifestation of what is an abhorrent part of history and will cause to those people who are affected many sleepless nights ..."
Mr Schueler said outrage at the sale of Nazi memorabilia should not be muted because almost 70 years had passed since the end of World War II.
"We must continue in schools and universities to make people aware of the worst crime perpetuated on man ever and not allow its memory to be dulled by time," he said.
Auctioneer Robert Hunkin said he had weighed the sale's ethics with the strong and legal demand for military memorabilia in Adelaide.
He said this was evidenced by the SS officers' swords selling to for between $500 and $700 apiece and the Nazi flags selling for between $200 and $500 apiece to militaria collectors.
"I don't intend to upset anyone. I just know that there's a significant following of people who do collect memorabilia," Mr Hunkin said.
It was unlikely his firm would sell items like this again, he said, given the strong reaction it had provoked from the Jewish community.
"I know of the stigma that's attached to this sort of militaria and I'm fully aware of history and the history of the Germans and the Nazis," Mr Hunkin said.
However, he said the sale went ahead without any prior objections, although Mr Hunkin conceded he had expected some debate.
Mr Hunkin said Australian militaria was most popular with Adelaide collectors and German memorabilia did not frequently come on the market.


text:
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text:
So I have a new server room which has some major issues. I am having a hard time getting any action on my situation with this room resolved.
The room is on the second floor of a building that has an open ceiling.
So down below where everyone works it is usually 70 degrees, up top well heat rises so it's been upwards of 105 degrees at one point with the heat. (unfortunately I was away on vacation and not able to confirm when)
The average temp is 80 degrees. I've complained about this since the first day, already lost a server due to the heat.
I have about 6 switches/firewall, a ups, nas and two servers (dell R310, R1610) hosting VMs. What would you recommend the temp to be? (I'm thinking 60)
Obviously needs a ceiling to the room, unfortunately it's about a 6.5/7'' ceiling and one of the racks actually has to fit between the support beams.
Also above the room, is a window that can shine light right into the server room, and next to that is a louverd screen door. (currently closed)
I have a temp monitor in there to see how the temp responds today and tomorrow since we're expected to be at 97 to 99 degrees outside.
So I'm hoping that you can give me some pointers and recommendations on some things that need to be fixed and the ideal way to do it.
I'm having to basically fight for these changes to be made, so I don't think bringing in a server room engineer is possible but would like to bring in someone from the outside to at least correctly size an ac unit, and look at other issues or something.
13 Replies
Jul 3, 2012 at 9:00 UTC
IMO, 60 is way too cold. 70 would be fine, mine's running at 76-78.
Look at some inexpensive fixes, like covering that window and eliminating the louvered door.
Calculate the power draw of your equipment, check out this thread then maybe look at a free-standing unit that doesn't need a condensate drain.
A ceiling would probably help but it's sounds like it's not going to work for you. Just make sure your walls go all the way up to the ceiling and all opening are closed off.
Jul 3, 2012 at 9:02 UTC
You are in a ridiculous situation.
An engineer could "prove" anything you want, but how can anyone in the age range to be able to help you not understand the need for cooling in that room?
Put all of your concerns to paper - physical problem with room size, lack of temperature and humidity control, and present it to whoever is appropriate.
If there is a manager between you and whoever can actually help start there.
You can't say this to "them", but pretending there is no problem won't make it go away.
When things fail, you will have done your part to document that it was a possibility, but maybe they will recognize the value in what you are pointing out and fix things properly.
Jul 3, 2012 at 9:23 UTC
I would also monitor the internal temps of the devices and set thresholds of 130 f as a max. Monitor the temp and see what happens. Provide that to the management...
Also, send one of the switches into fault... might help prove your case. :)
Jul 3, 2012 at 9:28 UTC
Several things in my opinion:
1. Temperature in front of servers can be in the 70s. Mine is 73, Google's famous cooling docs say they run at around 77.
2. If the room is tight and you have supports, build yourself a hot isle - cold isle setup.
3. Install better exhaust. Focus on exhaust instead of cooling.
4. Can you cover the exterior wall with a shade? If you company has 'green' initiatives, an ivy trellis to shade the wall will prevent that.
Jul 3, 2012 at 9:34 UTC
After reading how Google does things my thinking on server room temps have changed dramatically.
Google obviously has the cash to make their data centers do whatever they want but take a look here:
Cooling is important but so is airflow in general. If its a constant 80°F then commercial network / server equipment should be fine. However if the temps are fluctuating wildly then better airflow and properly sized condenser(s) need to be factored into the equation.
Jul 3, 2012 at 9:38 UTC
I'm uploading some images to imgur...will post them in a few minutes
Jul 3, 2012 at 9:46 UTC
Here are the images of the room..
We have a small AC that was put in the back. It is only 10K BTU but since we have no ceiling I think that's an issue. Otherwise I figure that probably would have been enough?
I don't know if putting in the styrofoam blocks in between the joists in the ceiling would work or not?
Right now the room is sitting at 80 degrees.
Also getting a new server rack here shortly.
Jul 5, 2012 at 7:48 UTC
I've seen some bad setups and this one is near the top of the list.
You mentioned that you were getting a new server rack. Any chance management would spend the money for a rack with a built-in A/C unit? Liebert makes them and so do many others. That way you'd be protecting your equipment regardless of the poor room design.
Have you gotten a price estimate to install a suspended ceiling in this room? Even with your low height you might be able to do something just below the beams without sacrifing much height. That might allow your current A/C unit to be more effective.
Good luck!!
Jul 5, 2012 at 9:33 UTC
Yea, I was hoping to get an AC cabinet but unfortunately we didn't. It's already here just have to wait to have it installed. Fortunately some of our board members know about this situation and are also working to get it resolved so I'm putting together an email now with some specific action things that need to be taken.
Here's what I am going to request, please let me know if I should add anything else.
1. Correctly sized AC based on watts useage (plus room to grow)
2. Drop ceiling
3. Properly exhausting the heat from the room.
4. Reflective material in the windows that shine onto/into the server room (to avoid heat gain)
5. Humdity control - Noticed it was really muggy in there the other day so I'm not sure if rain water got in from our big storm or not.
Jul 5, 2012 at 9:46 UTC
Yep, an enclosed cooled rack would help. It can operate in its own little world, regardless of the temp in the room.
I had a similar situation to yours at a previous job.. except without the window and water pipe near the servers.
I couldn't tell from the photos properly - Do the walls go all the way up to the ceiling? Ours didn't, and put the walls all the way up. It helped a bit, though the roof and beams did get toasty on a sunny day.
Jul 5, 2012 at 9:55 UTC
Yep they do go all the way up "ceiling" which is good, so all they really need to do is to enclose the ceiling. Opening the second door, which goes into the mechanical room keeps it a bit cooler, but only because it has a place for the heat to escape rather than just sit in the room. Who knows what the mechanical room will be like in the winter time when it's trying to heat the building.
Jul 10, 2012 at 4:45 UTC
Wow. You weren't kidding when you said open ceiling. I thought I wasn't understanding.
I agree that step 1 is to collect data on what the effective temps are. You need to document the problems and ongoing costs of not fixing them. The cost of the server and resulting downtime should be accounted for. You should be able to document your weekly or monthly "bad server room" costs. Are you using SW's helpdesk? If nothing else, deploy it just to keep track of the issue related to this setup and account for the labor and purchases that result from it not being handled.
Soon enough you can draw a graph of accumulated repair costs compared to "fix the room" costs.
Jul 10, 2012 at 5:14 UTC
Execution is as important as speccing the alterations to the room.
I am not a server room expert, but I do have experience cooling rooms with significant heat sources....
Here are some tips I've picked up along the way:
1> Exhaust is cheap - but not as cheap as you might think.
Vent "booster" fans and fart fans have their flow rated against zero head - which isn't realistic. Give them a little back pressure and they fall on their ass.
An 8" inline from EcoPlus pushes ~750 cfm without back pressure, and even with moderate back pressure will still give good air flow. They run about $250.
You want your exhaust from a room to be slightly greater than your input - for an overall slight vacuum.
2> Ducting matters
Right now, you're losing a significant portion of your potential airflow through your portable a/c because of the unstretched flex ducting.
Stretch it to the max, or replace with traditional ducting for a 10 to 30% increase in air flow.
3> Remove unnecessary heat sources - I see a couple of what looks like crts - if that's the case, make em go away. Drop one on top of the other and destroy em both if you have to.
What is your input air source? Office air? Outside air?
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


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Let us know when your receive great advice so we can thank our lawyers and point others with similar questions in the right direction.Got it!
My friend's husband passed away without a will. She left with a house in a range of $1.2M market price (owned as joint tenancy with her deceased husband), few joint bank accounts and few retirements accounts. They were married for about 25 years and all assets owned are common property. They have 1 son (minor) and no previous marriages, no brothers, sisters, etc. My friend's lawyer said that her house should go to probate and even joint bank accounts also are subjects to probate. From what I saw on the internet, it looks like neither house, no joint accounts should be probateable. Could you please help to clear the issue, if the house and/or joint bank accounts are probateable in California.
Property that passes by operation of law is not controlled by a will or the laws of intestate succession where there is no will. So joint tenancies, and retirement accounts, life insurance and annuties that are all controlled by the beneficiary named pass automatically to the joint tenant or the named beneficiary and are not subject to probate. All other assets that do not pass by operation of law pass under the laws of intestate succession under the laws of the state of where the decedent last resided. Since this is a CA estate, community property rules also may have an impact. You should be a true friend and get her to a good estates attorney. Two that regularly contribute to Avvo that you should check out would be Ms. Brewer and Miss Elizabeth Johnson.
Mr. Fromm is licensed to practice law throughout the state of PA with offices in Philadelphia and Montgomery Counties. He is authorized to handle IRS matters throughout the United States. His phone number is 215-735-2336 or his email address is email@example.com . For further tax advice check out his website is www.sjfpc.com . and his blog is >
LEGAL DISCLAIMER Mr. Fromm is licensed to practice law throughout the state of PA with offices in Philadelphia and Montgomery Counties. He is authorized to handle IRS matters throughout the United States. His phone number is 215-735-2336 or his email address is email@example.com , his website is www.sjfpc.com. and his blog is <http://frommtaxes.wordpress.com/> Mr. Fromm is ethically required to state that the response herein is not legal advice and does not create an attorney/ client relationship. Also, there are no recognized legal specialties under Pennsylvania law. Any references to a trust, estate or tax lawyer refer only to the fact that Mr. Fromm limits his practice to these areas of the law. These responses are only in the form of legal education and are intended to only provide general information about the matter within the question. Oftentimes the question does not include significant and important facts and timelines that if known could significantly change the reply or make such reply unsuitable. Mr. Fromm strongly advises the questioner to confer with an attorney in their state in order to ensure proper advice is received. By using this site you understand and agree that there is no attorney client relationship or confidentiality between you and the attorney responding. This site should not be used as a substitute for competent legal advice from a licensed attorney that practices in the subject area in your jurisdiction, who is familiar with your specific facts and all of the circumstances and with whom you have an attorney client relationship. The law changes frequently and varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The information and materials provided are general in nature, and may not apply to a specific factual or legal circumstance described in the question or omitted from the question. Circular 230 Disclaimer - Any information in this comment may not be used to eliminate or reduce penalties by the IRS or any other governmental agency.Ask a similar question
Your friend needs a new lawyer.
I cannot imagine that a lawyer with even minimal competency would say that there needs to be a probate in this situation.
The only remotely plausible reason for a probate might be to have a judge rule that the real estate is "community property" rather than "joint tenancy" so that your friend could have some better income tax benefits ... and that can be accomplished with a "spousal property petition", which should cost a fraction of what a probate would cost (for example, $1.2MM house would result in a probate fee to the lawyer of approximately $25,000 while a spousal property petition should cost more like $2500 - or less).
My office is in Palo Alto. If your friend needs assistance, I would be happy to help.
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text: Andrey Andreyevich Andropov (August 8-9, 1852 - December 9, 1924) was an Alaskan cavalry officer best known for serving as the Chief Officer of the Cavalry for the Army of the East from 1885 until the end of the war. Of noble background, Andropov was promoted initially against Andrey Zukhov's wishes due to his youth, but proved himself a valuable coordinator of the various cavalry divisions in the Dakotas and was integral to feints and shifts that fooled American soldiers into where Alaskan positions were during the move into the United States. He was commended for his bravery at Omaha, where he was wounded, forcing him to lose a leg and withdrawing him from the field. Andropov continued his coordinating role, however, and was made a Chief of Staff to Zukhov after the war. He retired upon Ivan Buchenko's ascension to the Grand Marshalship and lived out his retirement in Kialgory, which he fell in love with during the war and made efforts to help rebuild in the 1890s and early 1900s.