text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 10, 2002
|Filing date
|Mar 1, 2000
|Priority date
|Mar 1, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Roger N. Castonguay, James L. Rosen
|Original Assignee
|General Electric Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (233), Referenced by (4), Classifications (11), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to circuit breakers, and more particularly to blocking apparatuses for circuit breaker contact structures.
Automatic circuit breakers of relatively high current carrying capacity utilize a movable contact arm assembly to carry the current. The movable contact arm assembly is generally separate from a complementary stationary contact by electromagnetic forces that overcome the holding force of contact springs (i.e., blow open forces), or, by other short-circuit conditions that signals an actuator to cause an operating mechanism to separate the contact via powerful mechanism operating springs and various links.
After the movable contact arm assembly is separated from the stationary contact, and the short-circuit condition is cleared, the electrical contact between the stationary and movable contacts must be closed and the operating mechanism reset. If the contact arm assembly separates via blow open forces, the operating mechanism remains in the "ON" position, unless the short-circuit condition also causes the actuator to trigger the operating mechanism, whereby the operating mechanism is in the "TRIPPED" position. Also, if the contact arm assembly separates via the operating mechanism, the operating mechanism is in the "TRIPPED" position.
In any of the above situations where the contact arm assembly is separated, no current flows through the circuit breaker. A handle integral with the operating mechanism must be moved beyond the "OFF" position prior to being returned to the "ON" position and having the contact arm assembly in electrical contact with the stationary contacts.
Is often desirable to close the movable contact assembly very rapidly. With conventional operating mechanism configurations, this requires a high speed and high torque force applied to the handle of the operating mechanism to reposition the operating mechanism springs. This high speed and high torque force may be provided manually, or maybe provided by a motorized charging mechanism. The speed of contact closure depends on the speed that the high torque force is applied, i.e., by a motorized charging mechanism.
An apparatus is provided that blocks a movable contact from being in electrical contact with a stationary contact in a circuit breaker contact structure. The circuit breaker contact structure interacts with an operating mechanism. The operating mechanism provides a closing force to move the movable contact into connection with the stationary contact. The apparatus includes a link connected to the movable contact, the link moving between a first position and a second position. The first position of the link holds the movable contact away from stationary contact against the closing force of the operating mechanism. The second position of the link releases the movable contact so that the closing force of the operating mechanism moves the movable contact into connection with the stationary contact.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a circuit breaker employing a blocking apparatus embodied by present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the circuit breaker employing the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a circuit breaker shown in the "OFF" position without the blocking apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is isometric view of a circuit breaker operating mechanism in the "TRIPPED" position;
FIG. 5 is a partially exploded view of the circuit breaker operating mechanism shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is exploded view of the circuit breaker operating mechanism shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the circuit breaker of FIG. 3 in the "ON" position;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a circuit breaker in the "OFF" position including a blocking apparatus installed;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the circuit breaker of FIG. 8 in the "ON" position and having the contacts separated; and
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the circuit breaker of FIGS. 8 and 9 in the "ON" position.
A circuit breaker 10 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 that includes molded case having an apparatus frame top cover 12 (shown by dashed lines) attached to a mid cover 14. Mid cover 14 is coupled to a base 16. A series of cassettes 22, 24 and 26, generally having a rotary contact structure, are disposed within base 16. The operation of cassettes 22, 24 and 26 is described in more detail, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 09/087,038 and 09/384,908, both entitled "Rotary Contact Assembly For High-Ampere Rated Circuit Breakers", and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/384,495, entitled "Supplemental Trip Unit For Rotary Circuit Interrupters".
Referring to FIG. 2, a circuit breaker operating mechanism 28 is typically positioned over cassette 24 (intermediate to cassette 22 and 26) to control cassettes 22, 24 and 26 via a set of cross pins 30, 32. Operating mechanism 28 includes a toggle 34 extending through mid cover 14 to provide control of cassettes 22, 24 and 26.
For motorized operation of toggle 34, a charging mechanism 36 is provided. Charging mechanism 36 is typically a motor controlled device that provides the force required to rotate toggle 34, generally substituting a manual force. Charging mechanism 36 can be, for example, a screw actuator, a ball screw actuator or a cable actuator capable of applying a force to toggle 34.
Referring now to FIGS. 3-6, operating mechanism 28 generally includes latches and linkages for holding and releasing a set of powerful mechanism operating springs 64, which interface with rotary contact structures within cassettes 22, 24 and 26 (described herein). Furthermore, operating mechanism 28 typically interfaces with an actuator (not shown), wherein the actuator displaces a secondary latch trip tab 108 within operating mechanism 28, for example, in response to a signal generated as a result of a short circuit condition or remote operation.
The displacement of secondary latch trip tab 108 releases the latches and linkage holding mechanism operating springs 64. Examples of operating mechanism 28 include those described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/196,706, entitled "Circuit Breaker Mechanism For A Rotary Contact System", U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/516,475 entitled "Circuit Interrupter Operating Mechanism", and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/087,038, entitled "Rotary Contact Assembly for High Ampere-Rated Circuit Breakers".
Referring specifically now to FIGS. 3 and 7, side views of operating mechanism 28 and cassette 24 (which is typically the same for cassettes 22 and 26) in the "OFF" and "ON" positions, respectively, are provided. Cassette 24 includes a line side contact strap 38 and a load side contact strap 40 for connection with a power source and a protected circuit, respectively. Line side contact strap 38 includes a stationary contact 42 and load side contact strap 40 includes a stationary contact 44.
Cassette 24 further includes a movable contact arm 46 having a set of contacts 48 and 50 that mate with stationary contacts 42 and 44, respectively. In the "OFF" position of operating mechanism 28, contacts 48 and 50 are separated from stationary contacts 42 and 44, thereby preventing current from flowing through contact arm 46.
Contact arm 46 is mounted on a rotor structure 52 that houses one or more contact springs (not shown). Contact arm 46 and rotor structure 52 pivot about a common center 53. Cross pins 30 and 32 interface through a pair of openings 55 and 56, respectively, within rotor structure 52.
Referring still to FIG. 3, and also to FIGS. 4-6, toggle 34 is interconnected with a handle yoke 54. As oriented in FIG. 3, toggle 34 is in the "OFF" position by being rotated to the left. Handle yoke 54 includes U-shaped portions 57 that are rotatably positioned on a pair of pins 58 protruding outwardly from a set of side frames 62.
Handle yoke 54 is connected to powerful mechanism springs 64 by a spring anchor 66 generally supported within a set of openings 68 in handle yoke 54 and arranged through a set of openings 70 on the top portion of mechanism springs 64.
A pair of cradles 74 are disposed adjacent to side frames 62 and pivot on a pin 76 disposed through an opening 78 approximately at the end of each cradle 74. When handle yoke 54 is rotated to reset operating mechanism 28 (counterclockwise as oriented in the Figures) about pins 58, a roller pin 72 pushes each cradle 74. The movement of each cradle 74 is guided by a rivet 80 disposed through a arcuate slot 82 within each side frame 62. When cradles 74 are pushed by roller pin 72, arms 84 on each of cradles 74 drive a set of bent legs 86 depending from a primary latch 88.
Primary latch 88 includes a pair of side portions 92 (having bent legs 86 at the lower portion thereof) interconnected by a central portion 94. Each side portion 92 includes an opening 96 positioned so that primary latch 88 is rotatably disposed on a pin 98, pin 98 having each end secured to each side frame 62. The motion transmitted from cradles 74 causes primary latch 88 to rotate clockwise about pin 98.
A secondary latch 102 is positioned to straddle side frames 62. Secondary latch 102 is pivotally mounted upon frames 62 via a set of pins 104 that are disposed in a complementary pair of notches 106 on each side frame 62. Secondary latch 102 includes a pair of secondary latch trip tabs 108 that extend perpendicularly from operating mechanism 28 as to allow an interface with, for example, an actuator (not shown), to release the engagement between primary latch 88 and secondary latch 102, described below.
Secondary latch 102 is biased in the clockwise direction due to the pulling forces of a spring 110. Spring 110 has a first end connected at an opening 112 upon secondary latch 102, and a second end connected at a frame cross bar 114 disposed between frames 62. When primary latch 88 is rotated in the clockwise direction due to the reset motion of handle yoke 54, a set of upper side portions 116 at the top end of side portions 92 of primary latch 88 will be driven past secondary latch 102, allowing secondary latch 102 to rotate clockwise into a latched position by action of spring 110.
Each upper side portion 116 has a latch surface 118. Latch surfaces 118 align with a corresponding set of latch surfaces 122 on secondary latch 102. Furthermore, a set of cradle latch surfaces 124 will be positioned under a complementary set of extensions 126 depending outwardly from central portion 94 of primary latch 88.
Therefore, when the reset force upon handle yoke 54 is released, latch surfaces 118 will rest against latch surfaces 122, and extensions 126 will rest against cradle latch surfaces 124. In this position, when the reset force is released, the operating mechanism is in the "OFF" position, as seen in FIG. 3, where the contacts of cassettes 22, 24 and 26 are separated so that current does not flow.
An arcuate shaped slot 132 is positioned intermediate to opening 78 and rivet 80 on each cradle 74. An opening 134 is positioned above slot 132. When cradles 74 are moved, motion is transmitted to an upper link 142.
Upper link 142 generally has a right angle shape. A substantially vertical leg 144 of upper link 142 has a pair of openings 146, 148 and a U-shaped portion 152. Opening 148 is intermediate to opening 146 and U-shaped portion 152. Upper link 142 is connected to cradle 74 via a rivet pin 154 disposed through opening 134 and opening 146, and a rivet pin 156 is disposed through slot 132 and opening 148.
Upper link 142 is interconnected with a lower link 162 at the interface of U-shaped portion 152 and a side tube 164. Side tube 164 is a tube disposed between mechanism springs 64 and lower link 162. The outer end periphery of side tubes 164 are positioned through an openings 166 at one end of each lower link 162. A pin 170 is disposed through a tube 172, tube 172 being positioned between a pair of openings 174 at the lower portion of mechanism springs 64. Pin 170 is disposed through side tubes 164 creating a common interface between upper link 142, lower link 162, side tubes 164, and mechanism springs 64. Therefore, each side tubes 164 is a common pivot point for upper link 142, lower link 162 and mechanism springs 64.
At approximately the end of lower link 162 opposite the end having opening 166, each lower link 162 is interconnected with a crank 176 via a pivotal rivet 178. Crank 176 has an opening 177 where cross pin 30 passes through to control cassettes 22, 24 and 26. Cross pin 30 also passes through a set of arcuate slots 179 on each side frame 62. In the "OFF" position, cross pin 30 is held at the lower end of arcuate slot 179 by crank 176. Furthermore, lower link 162 and upper link 142 are positioned generally at an angle to each other, i.e., collapsed.
Referring to FIGS. 4-6, and also to FIG. 7, toggle 34 is urged in the clockwise direction to turn the circuit breaker "ON". The driving force on toggle 34, often imparted by a motorized mechanism similar to charging mechanism 36, must be high enough to rapidly overcome mechanism springs 64. The force provided to mechanism springs 64 causes pin 170 to drive side tube 164 to the extended position where vertical leg 144 of upper link 142 and lower link 162 are in line. When the line of forces generated by mechanism springs 64 (i.e., between spring anchor 66 and pin 170) is beyond side tube 164 in the clockwise direction (i.e., the over center position), upper link 142 and lower link 162 become aligned. This causes crank 176 to rotate counter clockwise thereby driving cross pin 30 to the upper end of arcuate slot 179 and rotating contact arm 46 within rotor structure 52 clockwise about center 53 to the point where contacts 48 and 50 are mated with stationary contacts 42 and 44 and current is allowed to flow through contact arm 46.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-2 and 8-10, the blocking apparatus of the present invention will now be described. Frame 12 is secured to mid cover 14 to house the components of the blocking apparatus and to provide an anchor point for components. A connecting link 182 is disposed between cross pin 32 and a release assembly 184. Generally, connecting link 182, by holding contact arm 46 via connection with cross pin 32, prevents movable contacts 48 and 50 from mating with stationary contacts 42 and 44 until connecting link 182 is released by release assembly 184.
Connecting link 182 is an elongated member having a first end portion 186 and a second end portion 188. First end portion 186 includes an opening 192 where cross pin 32 interfaces connecting link 182. In the embodiment detailed, opening 192 is configured as a C-shaped hook (e.g., to facilitate installation when circuit breaker 10 has been assembled).
The motion of connecting link 182 is restricted to movement in one direction by a latch guide 198 which forms a longitudinal channel 202. The longitudinal channel 202 in turn slideably retains the second end portion 188 therethrough, enabling connecting link 182 to move generally in a predetermined vertical track. Second end portion 188 further includes a recess 204, which is interfaced by release assembly 184 as described herein.
Release assembly 184 comprises an actuating mechanism 206 electrically connected via wires 207 to, for example, a power source and a switch device (not shown). Actuating mechanism 206 includes a retractable lever 208. Lever 208 is connected to a link arm 210. Link arm 210 is interconnected with frame 12 by a spring 214. A latch roller 216 is further included on link arm 210 and is configured and positioned to hold connecting link 182 by being seated within recess 204.
Spring 214 provides a force upon link arm 210 to rotate it clockwise about a latch pivot 218. Latch pivot 218 pivotally supports link arm 210 on frame 12. This clockwise rotation causes latch roller 216 to be urged within recess 204.
Therefore, and as shown in FIG. 8, when the circuit breaker is in the "OFF" position, latch roller 216 is positioned within recess 204 thereby holding connecting link 182. Mechanism operating springs 64 are discharged as described above with respect to FIG. 3. Mechanism operating springs 64 maintain contact arm 46 in the counterclockwise position.
Referring now to FIG. 9, toggle 34 is driven to the right, for example, by charging mechanism 36, against the resistance of mechanism operating springs 64. In this configuration, toggle 34 is in the "ON" position. However, because of the positioning of latch roller 216 within recess 204, connecting link 182 holds cross pin 32 and prevents contact arm 46 from rotating in the clockwise direction to cause contacts 48 and 50 to mate with stationary contacts 42 and 44 (i.e., the contacts are open). It should be noted that the rate at which charging mechanism 36 rotates toggle 34 is immaterial, since the contacts are being held open.
Referring now to FIG. 10, actuating mechanism 206 causes lever 208 to retract. The retraction of lever 208 in turn causes link arm 210 to rotate in the counterclockwise direction about latch pivot 218. The counterclockwise rotation of link arm 210 compresses spring 214 thereby causing latch roller 216 to decouple from recess 204 of connecting link 182. Therefore, connecting link 182 is no longer maintained by release assembly 184 and is free to be carried by the tendencies of mechanism operating springs 64 to drive cross pin 32 via crank 176, causing rotor structure 52 and contact arm 46 to rotate clockwise about center 53 and movable contacts 48 and 50 to mate with stationary contacts 42 and 44. In this position, the contacts are closed and circuit breaker 10 is in the "ON" position.
When the circuit breaker trips, for example, due to action imparted to secondary latch 102, which sets other operating mechanism 28 components in motion to displace crank 176 as described generally above, rotor structure 52 and contact arm 46 rotate counterclockwise about its center 53. This causes cross pin 32 to move from the position of FIG. 10 to the position of FIG. 8, thereby pushing connecting link 182 up within channel 202. By extending lever 208 from actuating mechanism 206, link arm 210 rotates clockwise about pivot 218 and latch roller 216 engages recess 204. In this condition, the blocking apparatus embodied by the present invention is in the position as shown in FIG. 8, wherein a driving force applied to toggle 34 will set operating mechanism 28 in the "ON" position while maintaining movable contacts 48 and 50 apart from stationary contacts 42 and 44.
One apparent benefit of the blocking apparatus embodied by the present invention relates to the provision of a driving force to toggle 34, for example by charging mechanism 36. A rapid closure of contact arm 46 is typically desired. Without the blocking apparatus embodied by the present invention, a strong driving force must be applied quickly in order to overcome the force of mechanism operating springs 64 and rapidly close contact arm 46. With the inclusion of the blocking apparatus herein, a driving force may be applied to toggle 34 by a slower charging mechanism 36. Therefore, after the driving force is applied to toggle 34, the desired rapid closure is effectuated by releasing latch roller 216 from recess 204 as described herein.
An apparent benefit of the present invention is that the blocking apparatus; i.e., connecting link 182 and release assembly 184, may be installed either in the factory and provided integrally with the circuit breaker, or may be field installed. The blocking apparatus is easily field installed, for example by arranging opening 192 of connecting link 182 on cross pin 32 and mounting frame 12 and the apparatus components on the breaker mid cover 14.
Another apparent benefit is that the amount of motion required to allow current to pass through is minimized. By pre-charging mechanism springs 64, the contacts can be rapidly closed by releasing contact arm 46 via connecting link 182.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
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|Aug 18, 1992
|General Electric Company
|Circuit breaker contacts condition indicator
|Jun 4, 1991
|Oct 6, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Static switch
|Mar 12, 1991
|Oct 13, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Hybrid medium voltage circuit breaker
|May 30, 1991
|Nov 24, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Electrical circuit breaker with rotating arc and self-extinguishing expansion
|Jan 31, 1992
|Dec 15, 1992
|General Electric Company
|Handle connector for multi-pole circuit breaker
|May 29, 1991
|Jan 12, 1993
|Cge Compagnia Generale Elettromeccanica Spa
|Plugged fastening device with snap-action locking for control and/or signalling units
|May 29, 1991
|Feb 9, 1993
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Circuit breaker with welded contacts
|Jun 13, 1991
|Feb 16, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Gas insulated high-voltage circuit breaker with pneumatic operating mechanism
|Jun 19, 1992
|Mar 30, 1993
|Square D Company
|Overtemperature sensing and signaling circuit
|Jun 18, 1990
|Apr 6, 1993
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Electrical circuit breaker operating handle block
|Oct 16, 1991
|May 11, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Low voltage circuit breaker with multiple contacts for high currents
|May 28, 1992
|Aug 24, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Medium voltage circuit breaker with operating mechanism providing reduced operating energy
|Oct 18, 1991
|Nov 9, 1993
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Molded case current limiting circuit breaker
|Dec 18, 1992
|Nov 16, 1993
|General Electric Company
|Molded case circuit breaker multi-pole crossbar assembly
|Oct 15, 1992
|Jan 18, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Hybrid circuit breaker with axial blowout coil
|Sep 29, 1992
|Jan 25, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Multipole circuit breaker with single-pole units
|Jan 25, 1993
|Mar 22, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Auxiliary shunt multiple contact breaking device
|Nov 16, 1992
|Mar 22, 1994
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Circuit breaker with positive off protection
|Sep 28, 1992
|Mar 29, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Range of molded case low voltage circuit breakers
|Jan 21, 1993
|Apr 5, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Operating mechanism of a molded case circuit breaker
|Mar 2, 1993
|May 10, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Molded case circuit breaker with contact bridge slowed down at the end of repulsion travel
|Mar 4, 1993
|May 17, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Molded case circuit breaker contact
|Nov 2, 1992
|May 31, 1994
|Gerin Merlin
|Process and device for setting a thermal trip device with bimetal strip
|Dec 23, 1991
|Jul 19, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Circuit breaker comprising a card interfacing with a trip device
|Apr 6, 1993
|Aug 2, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Draw-out molded case circuit breaker
|Oct 18, 1991
|Aug 23, 1994
|Eaton Corporation
|Molded case current limiting circuit breaker
|Oct 15, 1992
|Sep 13, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Electrical circuit breaker with two vacuum cartridges in series
|Aug 2, 1993
|Sep 13, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Electrical circuit breaker with rotating arc and self-extinguishing expansion
|Nov 17, 1992
|Sep 27, 1994
|Gec Alsthom Sa
|Medium tension circuit-breaker for indoor or outdoor use
|Oct 20, 1992
|Oct 18, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Operating mechanism for a four-pole circuit breaker
|Nov 17, 1992
|Oct 18, 1994
|Gec Alsthom Sa
|Sulfur hexafluoride isolating circuit-breaker and use thereof in prefabricated stations, substations, and bays
|Sep 15, 1992
|Oct 18, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Circuit breaker with selective locking
|Jul 2, 1993
|Nov 1, 1994
|General Electric Company
|Industrial-rated circuit breaker having universal application
|Jun 18, 1993
|Dec 13, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Self-extinguishing expansion switch or circuit breaker
|Sep 15, 1993
|Jan 3, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Molded case circuit breaker with interchangeable trip units
|Feb 25, 1994
|Jun 13, 1995
|General Electric
|Operating mechanism for high ampere-rated circuit breakers
|Oct 6, 1993
|Aug 1, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Three-position switch actuating mechanism
|Sep 14, 1993
|Aug 8, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Molded case circuit breaker with auxiliary contacts
|Mar 30, 1994
|Sep 12, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Operating mechanism of a multipole electrical circuit breaker
|Mar 23, 1994
|Sep 12, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Circuit breaker comprising a removable calibrating device
|Mar 17, 1994
|Sep 19, 1995
|Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh
|Single or multipole circuit breaker
|Sep 23, 1993
|Oct 10, 1995
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Circuit breaker
|Apr 4, 1994
|Nov 14, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Device for adjusting the tripping threshold of a multipole circuit breaker
|Mar 21, 1994
|Nov 21, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Multiple current-limiting circuit breaker with electrodynamic repulsion
|Sep 21, 1994
|Dec 12, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Electrical power distribution device with isolation monitoring
|Feb 3, 1994
|Dec 19, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Circuit breaker with remote control and disconnection function
|Dec 19, 1994
|Dec 26, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Multipole circuit breaker with modular assembly
|Oct 14, 1993
|Jan 9, 1996
|Klockner-Moeller Gmbh
|Overload relay to be combined with contactors
|Feb 22, 1994
|Jan 16, 1996
|General Electric Company
|Digital circuit interrupter with battery back-up facility
|Feb 3, 1994
|Feb 20, 1996
|Merlin Gerin
|Rotary control device of a circuit breaker
|Jan 25, 1994
|Apr 2, 1996
|Merlin Gerin
|Device for mechanical and electrical lockout of a remote control unit for a modular circuit breaker
|Feb 4, 1994
|Apr 2, 1996
|Merlin Gerin
|Remote controlled circuit breaker with recharging cam
|Oct 11, 1994
|Apr 23, 1996
|Klockner Moeller Gmbh
|Contact system for a current limiting unit
|Mar 30, 1994
|Apr 30, 1996
|Merlin Gerin
|Auxiliary trip device for a circuit breaker
|Dec 1, 1994
|May 7, 1996
|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.
|Pivoting circuit breaker load terminal
|Nov 8, 1994
|May 21, 1996
|Eaton Corporation
|Circuit breaker using bimetal of thermal-magnetic trip to sense current
|Nov 2, 1994
|Jul 9, 1996
|Klockner-Moeller Gmbh
|Current limiting contact system for circuit breakers
|Nov 13, 1995
|Jul 9, 1996
|Mar 30, 1995
|Jul 9, 1996
|Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc.
|Circuit breaker with molded cam surfaces
|Jul 5, 1994
|Jul 9, 1996
|Schneider Electric Sa
|Control and/or indicator unit
|Mar 13, 1995
|Jul 23, 1996
|Klockner-Moeller Gmbh
|Power circuit breaker having a housing structure with accessory equipment for the power circuit breaker
|Feb 1, 1995
|Aug 6, 1996
|Klockner-Moeller Gmbh
|Circuit breaker with a blocking mechanism and a blocking mechanism for a circuit breaker
|Sep 11, 1992
|Sep 3, 1996
|Eaton Corporation
|Circuit breaker with auxiliary switch actuated by cascaded actuating members
|Oct 20, 1992
|Dec 3, 1996
|Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
|Circuit breaker
|Jul 4, 1994
|Feb 18, 1997
|J. H. Fenner & Co., Limited
|Electromechanical relays
|Nov 30, 1995
|Mar 4, 1997
|Eaton Corporation
|Molded case circuit breaker with interchangeable trip unit having bimetal assembly which registers with permanent heater transformer airgap
|Dec 26, 1994
|Jul 21, 1998
|Schneider Electric Sa
|Differential protection device of a power transformer
|Oct 16, 1998
|Feb 29, 2000
|Airpax Corporation, Llc
|Mid trip stop for circuit breaker
|Apr 4, 2000
|May 15, 2001
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Switch control device
|Dec 1, 1994
|Feb 20, 1996
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Circuit breaker for distribution
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Oct 4, 1963
|Nov 3, 1966
|Licentia Gmbh
|Elektrisches Schaltgeraet, insbesondere Schaltschuetz
|Dec 16, 1980
|Aug 20, 1987
|Karl Pfisterer Elektrotechnische Spezialartikel Gmbh & Co Kg, 7000 Stuttgart, De
|Title not available
|Jan 26, 1988
|May 17, 1990
|Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt, De
|Title not available
|Dec 22, 1988
|Jun 28, 1990
|Bosch Gmbh Robert
|Power output stage for electromagnetic loads
|Jun 1, 1994
|Jun 5, 1997
|Weber Ag
|Ein- oder mehrpoliges Geh�use zur Aufnahme von NH-Sicherungen
|Mar 12, 1982
|Dec 21, 1983
|BASF Aktiengesellschaft
|Electrophotographic recording material
|Apr 26, 1982
|Dec 19, 1984
|Merlin Gerin
|Multi-pole circuit breaker with an interchangeable thermal-magnetic trip unit
|May 5, 1982
|Apr 10, 1985
|Merlin Gerin
|Operating mechanism for a low-voltage multi-pole circuit breaker
|Sep 20, 1982
|Apr 10, 1985
|Merlin Gerin
|Multipole circuit breaker with removable trip unit
|Feb 3, 1984
|Aug 29, 1984
|Heinemann Electric Company
|A circuit breaker comprising parallel connected sections
|Oct 1, 1984
|Sep 9, 1987
|Merlin Gerin
|Operating mechanism for a low-voltage multi-pole circuit breaker
|Aug 7, 1985
|May 4, 1988
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Contact device for a low voltage circuit breaker with a two-armed contact lever
|Feb 18, 1986
|Nov 2, 1989
|Merlin Gerin
|Single pole and neutral differential circuit breaker
|Oct 13, 1986
|Jun 5, 1991
|Merlin Gerin
|Control mechanism for a low-tension electric circuit breaker
|Dec 18, 1986
|Aug 4, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Static tripping unit with test circuit for electrical circuit interruptor
|Mar 10, 1987
|Jun 3, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Electric switch having an ameliorated dielectric strength
|Jul 20, 1987
|Mar 25, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Static tripping device for a circuit breaker with electronic contact wear indication
|Sep 16, 1987
|Jan 29, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Electric differential-protection apparatus with a test circuit
|Sep 16, 1987
|Jan 20, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Multipole differential circuit breaker with a modular assembly
|Mar 8, 1988
|Dec 16, 1992
|Merlin Gerin Limited
|Electrical ring main unit
|Feb 23, 1988
|Nov 27, 1991
|Merlin Gerin
|Static trip unit comprising a circuit for detecting the residual current
|Apr 25, 1988
|Oct 21, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Trip bar for a multipole breaker block associated with an auxiliary trip block
|Apr 25, 1988
|Oct 28, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Modular breaker with an auxiliary tripping block associated with a multipole breaker block
|May 11, 1988
|Jul 22, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Control mechanism for a miniature electric switch
|Sep 22, 1988
|Dec 14, 1994
|CGE- COMPAGNIA GENERALE ELETTROMECCANICA S.p.A.
|Improved contact arrangement for a current limiting circuit breaker adapted to be actuated both manually and by an actuating electromagnet
|Mar 8, 1988
|Dec 16, 1992
|Merlin Gerin Limited
|Electrical switchgear
|Sep 19, 1988
|Apr 22, 1992
|Merlin Gerin
|Static tripping device for a circuit breaker in a cast case
|Oct 11, 1988
|Sep 29, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Opening device for a multipole circuit breaker with a rotating contact bridge
|Feb 3, 1989
|Jul 7, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Actuating mechanism of an auxiliary tripping block for a modular circuit breaker
|Mar 23, 1989
|Jun 1, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|High sensitivity electromagnetic tripper
|Apr 28, 1989
|Aug 11, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Operating mechanism for a miniature circuit breaker having a contact-welding indicator
|Oct 25, 1989
|Dec 29, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Tripping circuit with test circuit and selfprotected remote control for opening
|Nov 15, 1989
|Jan 26, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Modular breaker with an auxiliary tripping block with independent or automatic resetting
|Nov 22, 1989
|Jan 11, 1995
|Merlin Gerin
|Modulator assembly device for a multipole differential circuit breaker
|Mar 29, 1990
|Dec 28, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Auxiliary switch with manual test for modular circuit breaker
|Apr 23, 1990
|Oct 31, 1990
|Asea Brown Boveri Ab
|Contact arrangement for electric switching devices
|May 8, 1990
|Aug 30, 1995
|BTICINO S.r.l.
|An automatic magneto-thermal protection switch having a high breaking capacity
|Jun 25, 1990
|Dec 1, 1993
|Merlin Gerin
|Static trip unit with a desensibilisation system for earth protection
|Mar 29, 1991
|Dec 7, 1994
|Merlin Gerin
|Driving mechanism for circuit breaker
|Jan 21, 1993
|Dec 27, 1996
|Schneider Electric Sa
|Operating mechanism for a moulded case circuit breaker
|Mar 5, 1993
|Sep 4, 1996
|Schneider Electric Sa
|Moulded-case circuit breaker with retardation at the end of the contact bridges repulsion movement
|Apr 15, 1993
|Jul 16, 1997
|Schneider Electric Sa
|Mechanic interlocking device of two moulded case circuit breakers
|Oct 18, 1993
|Aug 6, 1997
|Schneider Electric Sa
|Circuit-breaker with draw-out auxiliary circuit blocks
|Mar 30, 1994
|Mar 12, 1997
|Schneider Electric Sa
|Magnetothermal trip unit
|Jan 11, 1995
|Mar 22, 2000
|Schneider Electric Industries SA
|Diffential trip unit
|Aug 28, 1995
|Mar 6, 1996
|ABB ELETTROCONDUTTURE S.p.A.
|Electronic base circuit for overload relays depending from the line voltage
|Jun 30, 1998
|Apr 6, 2005
|AEG Niederspannungstechnik GmbH & Co. KG
|Rotary contact assembly for high ampere-rated circuit breakers
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 1, 2004
|Aug 2, 2005
|Eaton Corporation
|Circuit breaker including a latchable cradle and a cross bar adapted to move in an arcuate path away from primary and secondary latches
|Jun 30, 2010
|Jan 8, 2013
|Schneider Electric USA, Inc.
|Quad break modular circuit breaker interrupter
|Jun 21, 2012
|Sep 8, 2015
|Abb S.P.A.
|Switching system and locking device with a status indicator
|Jun 21, 2012
|Jan 3, 2013
|Abb S.P.A.
|Switching device and related power distribution system
|U.S. Classification
|200/400, 335/16, 335/172, 200/318
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 19, 2000
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CASTONGUAY, ROGER N.;ROSEN, JAMES L.;REEL/FRAME:011018/0860
Effective date: 20000308
|Mar 29, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 2, 2006
|Surcharge for late payment
|Jun 2, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 14, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 10, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Joe Greene Player Personnel Pittsburgh Steelers
February 5, 2012 by staff
Joe Greene Player Personnel Pittsburgh Steelers, Charles Edward Greene, known as "Mean Joe" Greene, (born September 24, 1946) is a former all-pro American football defensive tackle who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL. Throughout the early 1970s he was the one of most dominant defensive players in the National Football League.
He is considered by many to be one of the greatest defensive linemen ever and was the cornerstone of the legendary "Steel Curtain" defense. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and a four-time Super Bowl champion. His nickname, "Mean Joe Greene" stems from his alma mater, the University of North Texas' athletic teams, which are nicknamed the Mean Green.
Greene is also well known for his appearance in the "Mean Joe Greene" Coca-Cola commercial in 1979, considered to be one of the all-time best Super Bowl commercials.
In 1969, he was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers with the fourth pick of the NFL draft and spent his entire career with them until his retirement in 1981. When Greene was drafted, a newspaper headline asked, Who's Joe Greene? The question was quickly answered as Greene became so good that teams double-teamed, and even triple-teamed, him throughout his entire career.
After he was drafted, Greene quickly established himself as a dominant defensive player. He was strong, quick and intense. He was the NFL's Rookie of the Year in 1969, even though he played on a Steelers team that went 1-13 in Chuck Noll's first year as its head coach. The Steelers quickly improved over the next few seasons. Greene later admitted that he was upset with being drafted by the Steelers due to their long history of losing. He often showed his displeasure on the field, including an incident during a game with the Chicago Bears in which he spat in the face of Dick Butkus and challenged Butkus, long considered the NFL's meanest player, to a fight.
In his early years with the Steelers, Greene was at times uncontrollable, and often let his temper get the best of him. At one time, during a 1975 game against the rival Cleveland Browns at Cleveland Municipal Stadium in which the Steelers won 42-6, Greene repeatedly kicked Browns lineman Bob McKay in the groin while McKay was lying on the ground. Another incident had Greene snap the ball away from the center while the opposing team was lining up for a play. He had no tolerance for losing, and the team veterans quickly took notice. His intense desire to win rallied the veterans around him, and with great drafts as well as superb coaching, the Steelers franchise soon began to undergo a dramatic makeover. Joe Greene was credited as the cornerstone of the great Steelers dynasty and the most important player in team history.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have set up a small PBX with a conference line.
There are a few options for connecting to it, the easiest option is calling from the PSTN. There are other ways to connect, but let's keep it simple for now.
If you want to call in, the number is 549-4645, the default conference ID should be 2600. It should support 5 or 6 simultaneous calls, but I haven't tested that theory. If there is interest in more capacity, I can see about adding more. It's a local Cincinnati number, so you shouldn't have a problem calling it from random phones around town, like unprotected wires that you have beige boxed.
It doesn't make outgoing calls, so if you want to bring others in, you will have to use 3-way calling or the conference button on your phone. You get extra points for bridging in another conf, like Telephreak.
UPDATE 2/6/2017: The service is fairly stable now. If you are interested in an extension on the PBX, please let me know and I can get that set up. The difference between calling into the conf and having your own extension is that you can make calls to other extensions, including the conference, as well as make outgoing calls. Each extension also has a SIP URI for receiving pure VOIP calls.


text:
Photos are for members only!!
Peachmate is a 100% free sex site for adults looking for fun with no strings attached.
Escort ads, casual sex groups, personal ads, video chat and much more.
Chill easy going good looking whute male. 6'4 220bs in shape athletic build down to earth male looking for a fun time


text:
Question: Explain why repairs are expensed whereas betterments are capitalized
Explain why repairs are expensed whereas betterments are capitalized.
View Solution:
View Solution:
Answer to relevant QuestionsWhy does judgment by the managers who prepare financial statements play such an important role in determining an entity's depreciation expense? Be specific.Examine the information provided in E8-2 and respond to parts (a), (b), and (c) Assuming Namaka will use declining balance depreciation at a rate of 40 percent for the display cases.In January 2018, Klemtu Inc. purchased two pieces of used equipment for $175,000. A discussion with a used equipment broker determined that the first piece of equipment was worth about $75,000. Management estimates that the ...In July 2017, Dogwood Inc. purchased new equipment for $200,000. Dogwood's management estimates that the equipment's useful life will be eight years and that its residual value will be $10,000. Dogwood's year-end is June ...In 2013, Cariboo Ltd. pur chased a piece of specialized machinery for $1,500,000. The machinery was estimated to have a seven-year life and it was depreciated on a straight line basis. Residual value was estimated to be ...
Post your question


text:
2nanotube as a guide layer to achieve the vertical growth of ZnO nanorods, in additive–free bath. First, we focused on the anodisation conditions (cell voltage and anodisation time) to produce TiO
2nanotube thin films grown from a 1.5 µm thick Ti layer sputtered onto Si. Highly organised titania nanotubes were obtained in glycerol viscous electrolyte. In a second step, the electrochemical growth of ZnO grains has been investigated from a zinc nitrate bath at 70°C on both Ti foil and TiO
2nanotubes. ZnO deposition mechanism has been highlighted through the electrochemical experiments in conjunction with XRD technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations. On Ti foils, we show that addition of additives is required to obtain a highly oriented nanostructured ZnO deposit. On TiO
2nanotubes, additives are not necessary to obtain such a deposit: Titania nanotubes can be used to guide the vertical growth of hybrid nanoarchitectured ZnO/TiO
Keywords: zinc oxide, ZnO nanorods, titania nanotubes, TiO2, composite nanoarchitectured electrodes, electrochemical methods, nanotechnology, anodisation, thin films


text:
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Edwin Standard Stripes Sweater in Navy. Edwin present this lambswool blend sweater in a smart navy colourway. The striped knit pattern gives the sweater a textured finish, while the ribbed cuffs and hem ensure a close fit. Style with a polo shirt and jeans for a cosy smart/casual winter look.
Material: Wool blend
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text:
A Phase II Feasibility Study to Assess the Use of SIR-Sphere in Patients With Breast Cancer Who Have Chemotherapy-Resistant Disease in the Liver
Patient must pass an MAA angiography study to detect abnormal shunting of the vessels to the
lungs and stomach. Shunting of the radiation seeds to these areas, if an abnormality exists
would be harmful.
Allocation: Non-Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Masking: Open Label, Primary Purpose: Treatment
Primary: Assessment of the feasibility of SIRT treatment as measured by tumor response in the treated labe/s of the liver.Assessed by CT scan and measurement Secondary Response: Assessment of treatment toxicity. Assessed by examination and blood work.
Patients will be followed for 5 years or Progressive disease in the treated liver or until such time as systemic therapy is needed for disease in other organs which will affect tumor response in the liver.
ALison R Calkins, MD
Principal Investigator
St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Radiation Therapy
United States: Food and Drug Administration
July 2007
December 2010
|St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Radiation Therapy
|Tampa, Florida 33607


text:
Are you guilty of using disposable plastic straws? I hate to admit it but I was, that is until I discovered Strawesome. Strawesome offers a variety of glass drinking straws which are the perfect alternative to plastic straws.
Why use glass straws? Well there are tons of reasons! Glass straws are more eco-friendly... Think about all the plastic straws you throw away in a year then reduce that number to zero by using reusable glass straws. Glass straws are safer... Glass straws help you limit your exposure to toxins because they're BPA free. And finally glass straws are much prettier than plastic straws... Just think how nice they'll look on your kitchen counter as opposed to boring plastic straws!
Think your family will love glass drinking straws from Strawesome? Purchase some today! And be sure to come back next week for your chance to win a Strawesome decorative straw during Savory Summer!
Disclosure: I was provided with the product(s) mentioned above free of charge by the company or PR representative for review purposes. I was not compensated in any other way for this post. All opinions are my own.


text:
The Offering, a monumental painting by Saturino Herrán, confronts you at the entrance of "Paint the Revolution: Mexican Modernism, 1910–1950," the recently–opened show at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Six figures and the boat they inhabit fill the frame; two men stand, another sits and rests, a woman kneels with a child strapped to her back and the last, a child, glowers out of the frame. Undulating mounds of orange marigolds pile around them and engulf them like fire. The central figure, strained under his own burden of the flowers, wears brilliant white and stands crucified by the boat's oar.
Herrán is known for his modern approach to capturing scenes like the one in The Offering, scenes of everyday life. Marigolds, placed on altars and graves on the Day of the Dead, lay alongside individuals of all ages. The piece is a testament to the cyclical quality of life—its thick strokes of paint and mottled blocks of color add to its feeling of rushed ephemerality, its emphasis on the moment. This feeling of change, of a cyclic existence, works well to open the show. Past The Offering, you quickly become aware of change and the action of time moving forward.
Throughout the exhibition, timelines mark the history of the Mexican Revolution. Starting with the resignation of the despotic President Porifirio Díaz in 1911, the show follows closely the chronology of the tumultuous period. Pieces from early in the Revolution exhibit mexicanidad—an aesthetic distinctly Mexican in character with roots in the country's natural landscape and traditions. This quality never really goes away; it only manifests in different ways. It can be seen in the nationalistic pieces that came out of the strong government support of the arts beginning in the 1920s and in the works of the avant-garde who sought to forge the country's political and artistic destiny.
Notable about the show is its commitment to the digital humanities. There was really no other choice in presenting works of the great Mexican muralists Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, though. Orozco's The Epic of American Civilization, painted in the Baker-Berry Library at Dartmouth College, is projected as a constantly panning video on a wall deep in the gallery. Accompanying tablets allow visitors to scroll through the work and read about each part of the cycle, which details Latinx history from before the conquest of the Americas to the modern industrial age. The effect is immersive and offers a noble imitation of the real work.


text:
MA Students
Maery is a Master of Arts student working under the direction of Drs. Terre Satterfield and Nathan Bennett. She entered the interdisciplinary environment of IRES after completing a Bachelor of Arts in Geography from the University of Victoria where her coursework focused on human geography, natural resource management, and environmental sustainability. Her primary research interests include natural resource governance & management and the intersections of perception, livelihoods, and change processes within social-ecological systems.
Marine protected areas (MPAs), increasingly implemented, have produced both positive and negative consequences for adjacent communities. Maery's current work contributes to research on the human dimensions of conservation by situating MPA governance within a context of broader social-ecological changes affecting coastal communities. Her research is grounded through a qualitative investigation of changes, impacts and adaptations in a fishing village located within a Mexican biosphere reserve and is supported by both the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and Mitacs.
She can be reached at: email@example.com
Michaela joined IRES after six years of professional work experience as a commercial project manager in the construction industry in England, Germany, and France. This valuable experience has helped her understand the challenges and operations of a multinational business, as well as corporate roles in advancing social innovation and sustainability. For two years she led a project on energy efficiency obligations, a policy instrument aimed at reducing the energy consumption of buildings. She recently completed the Association of Project Management qualification, a recognized and transferable certification, rounding off her project management experience. With a background in economics, Michaela has long been interested in environmental studies and sustainability and volunteered to support ENERGIES 2050, a French NGO in the energy sector, in 2013. Her involvement included editorial work and translations of reports, aimed at enhancing citizen engagement. Energies 2050 believes that the impending energy transition also requires an evolution of our society. Not only will political, economic, and technological solutions be necessary, but active citizen engagement at the local scale.
Through her Master's degree Michaela aims to gain additional competencies in the fields of energy and materials management and policy, and climate change. At IRES, she is working under the supervision of Dr. Hadi Dowlatabadi. She completed her Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and French at the University of the West of England, Bristol in 2009. Her primary research interests include energy, public policy, and the built environment.
Alida is a MA student in Resource Management and Environmental Studies working under the supervision of Dr. Terre Satterfield. Alida graduated with a double major in International Development Studies and Environment, Sustainability and Society from Dalhousie University. Upon completing her undergraduate thesis on the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area and a placement at a conservation project in Zimbabwe, her interest in what constitutes effective conservation deepened. Her current research is in collaboration with the World Wildlife Fund Namibia, identifying wellbeing indicators in the communal conservancies of the Zambezi region.
MSc Students
Selina Agbayani began her career while pursuing a B.Sc. in Forest Sciences from the University of British Columbia (UBC). After graduation, she gained experience in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) through the Landscape Ecology and Water Tracer Labs at UBC. She then continued her professional development with the Advanced Diploma GIS Program at the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT). Selina has combined a passion for natural systems and conservation issues with a specialization in landscape-scale ecological data and spatial analysis. This has led her to become involved in various projects with non-profit organizations such as the Community Mapping Network and World Wildlife Fund – Canada. In recent years, she has become interested in marine ecosystems and has joined the Marine Mammal Research Unit (MMRU) in the Institute of Oceans and Fisheries (IOF) at UBC to study the migration patterns and foraging ecology of Eastern Pacific grey whales (Eschrichtius robustus).
Melanie is a MSc student at the Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability. She graduated with a BSc in Marine Biology from UBC in 2014. Subsequently, she worked as a Research Assistant with the Sea Around Us (at UBC's Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries), assessing the impacts of fisheries on global marine ecosystems through catch reconstructions. Her master's research, supervised by Dr. William Cheung, will focus on the adaptability of small-scale fisheries to climate change.
Harold Eyster is a first-year graduate student supervised by Professor Kai Chan. He is interested in examining biodiversity and nature conservation in the context of ecosystem function, services, and human values.
Harold received his undergraduate degree in environmental science and public policy at Harvard, Magna Cum Laude. While at Harvard, he conducted research on climate change and invasive plant ecology with Dr. Elizabeth Wolkovich, and on ornithology with Dr. Mary Caswell Stoddard. He also co-founded and edited the Harvard College Review of Environment & Society to foment cross-disciplinary discussion of environmental issues. He has conducted field research throughout Europe and North and South America. Harold enjoys ultramarathon trail running, birding, bouldering, atlatl, painting, and, of course, research.
Teddy is a first year MSc student in the Ecohydro Lab with an interest in water as a link between humans and the natural systems.
Teddy graduated with a BSE in Civil and Environmental Engineering from Princeton University in 2013, with a focus on urban stream restoration. After graduation, Teddy pursued environmental engineering with an environmental consulting firm in the California Bay Area where he was involved in environmental site assessments, contaminant mapping, and groundwater monitoring. He went on to join The Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis where he researched how hydrology drives montane meadow ecosystems in the Sierra and the amphibians living there.
When he's not digging wells or monitoring streams, Teddy enjoys trail running, playing banjo, woodworking, or throwing the atlatl.
Emma is a Master of Science (MSc) student in Resource Management and Environmental Studies working under the supervisorship of Drs. Leila Harris and Mark Johnson. Emma graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and Science (BA&Sc Hons.) in Environmental Studies and International Development from McGill University in 2014. Between her undergraduate and graduate degrees Emma worked in several different professional settings, such as a peace and conflict NGO in Colorado, U.S.A, and a renewable energy consulting company in Yokohama, Japan. She has been awarded an NSERC grant for her graduate research, which will focus on groundwater management and adaptive water governance in the face of drought in Cape Town, South Africa. Emma is currently a member of the EDGES research collaborative, the Program on Water Governance and the UBC Ecohydro Lab.
Jeff Scott began his Msc. program in Resource Management and Environmental Studies in the fall of 2014, under the supervision of Drs. Tony Pitcher and Mimi Lam. He received his BS in Biology and BA in Plan II Honors in 2007 and 2008, respectively, from the University of Texas at Austin. After college, Jeff worked as a fisheries observer for 6 years in a variety of US fisheries. He has spent 359 days at sea collecting fishery-dependent data aboard 38 vessels, including shrimp trawlers in the Gulf of Mexico, tuna and swordfish longliners in the mid-Atlantic, and a factory longline ship in the Bering Sea. His experiences sparked an interest in the men and women who routinely put their lives at risk to maintain their livelihoods and way of life. Understanding the values, beliefs, and motivations of the people who comprise a given fishery is necessary to manage that fishery effectively. It is Jeff's goal to help advance this historically under-studied aspect of fisheries science.
Adrian is a M.Sc. student interested in why resource users adopt 'best' management practices and how these adoption rates might be increased. Under the supervision of Dr. Kai Chan he explores how social norms and regulations influence the adoption of land stewardship practices in agriculture. Adrian graduated from UBC with a dual degree in Environmental Sciences (Hons.) and Sociology. Previously, he worked in agriculture in South Africa and British Columbia. Adrian has also worked as a field assistant on research projects investigating bird song in the Pacific North West, and spider socialization in Ecuador. Most recently he has served as a research assistant on systematic reviews of environmental assessments and ecosystem services for the Connecting Humans and Natural Systems (CHANS) Lab.
Ian Theaker's engineering career has focused on greening North America's buildings and communities. As their technical problems are now largely solved, he is now studying systemic socio-economic policy that reduces climate impacts of the built environment. His MSc thesis is assessing whether building energy and GHG emissions benchmarking data communicated through real estate multiple listing websites influence apartment buyers' purchase criteria and behaviour.
As the Canada Green Building Council's inaugural Program Manager, Ian lead adaptation of the LEED rating systems for Canada. Other signature efforts include Waterfront Toronto's climate-positive Green Development Requirements, Infrastructure Ontario's Building Sustainability Best Practices Manual, the OHSU River Campus (LEED-NC Platinum) and Lloyd Crossing Sustainable Urban Design (AIA Committee on the Environment Top Ten winner) in Portland, Oregon, and Green Building Design Guidelines for the City of Santa Monica.
Ian has served with many volunteer organizations, most recently as a Director CaGBC's Greater Toronto Chapter and founder of its Advocacy Committee. He's also served as Governor of the Association of Energy Engineers, BC Chapter, and co-founded Vancouver's Designers for Social Responsibility and the Southeast False Creek Working Group.
Liz is a MSc student at IRES. Her diverse interests, skills, and experience give her a unique perspective for researching and addressing environmental challenges and sustainability. Liz has studied in Hungary, Quebec, Manitoba, and British Columbia. She graduated from the University of Winnipeg with a Bachelor of Arts degree (Honours) in psychology. Living in a number of regions in Canada, Liz has gained a wide range of professional work and research experience in academic, health, business, and non-profit settings. With nearly five years experience as a research assistant in clinical psychology, and two years experience as a university instructor of statistics and research methods, she has a strong background in both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Amongst other pursuits, she has also worked as a freelance journalist, trained and managed operations staff at a national historic site, led a research project with senior managers at Canada's largest retail cooperative, and worked as a business analyst and communications officer for a national port authority. Most recently, Liz worked in the Sustainability Office at the University of Winnipeg, overseeing projects in operations, academics, and campus and community engagement. She has been extensively involved in sustainability initiatives including: pesticide reduction, waste diversion, fair trade, socially responsible investing, and energy policy. Liz has served on a number of committees, including Cosmetic Pesticide Ban Manitoba, and is an active community organizer for regional and national energy issues.
Liz's academic interests lie in three broad areas: energy policy and politics in Canada; links between conservation and animal welfare; and environmental psychology. Her current research focus is on social-cognitive factors of environmentalism as they relate to environmental action. Specifically, Liz is interested in stereotypes and in-group/out-group bias pertaining to environmentalists.


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I am 21 (22 in a few months). I get stared at quite frequently, but I can't really tell why, if it's because I got an "unusual" look (meaning, not average compared to where I live at) or if it is because I actually look good to girls/women. I am kind of... concerned about looking too feminine (even if I have grown a beard), expecially when I smile (as you can see above), which is why I tend not to do it too much.
I would really like to know what do you think! Could you give me your opinion?
Thanks in Advance!
(I apologize for any mistakes, since English is not my mother language)
Most Helpful Girl
- Adekaemho 23%
No, you don't look feminine at all! Very attractive. And don't worry about smiling; smiling is SO attractive and you have a nice smile. I promise. Your nose, lips and facial hair all look very masculine and I love your hair length (not too short, not too long). Seriously, you're a good looking guy. Don't worry about it.21|10|0
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Thank you again! I'll keep that in mind :)
Well, since I am only receiving positive feedback here, now I really cannot figure out why I'm not receiving such feedback in my everyday life. I never get girls trying to hold a conversation with me; even at university (it may probably be a "old-fashioned italian way" thing, but I see many guys not having such problems there) it never happens, they rather talk to each other, then giggle behind me, or such things.. which is really upsetting >:( .
Makes me feel "wrong" in some way I can't guess, and uncofortable
Sorry for the outburst, but you seem an open and understanding person ^^
Oh no, please don't feel uncomfortable about that! A LOT of girls will giggle and stare if they think you're cute or attractive... most girls are shy and not as forward. Have you tried going up and talking to any of them? I bet they are just shy.
If it makes you feel any better, they are definitely not laughing AT you... you're not ugly haha. At all. And even if you do look a little more feminine in person, most girls find that really cute and endearing.
Let me know if you have any questions :)
And one more thing, you said you are receiving a lot of positive feedback here but not in real life... a lot of people are more forward on the internet but shyer in real life. I know that even though I find you attractive, I probably wouldn't have the courage to tell you to your face :P So keep that in mind too.
you are very kind and gentle. Yes I live in Italy (I know I don't look italian at all) !
Uhm ye I am probably a little afraid of such girls, and that' stupid. When they giggle I always "forget how to walk" and get even more clumsy :D
I don't feel confortable at all when it comes to approaching girls directly.
I would never go for a straight talk to a stranger girl I like, unless it would be some sort of blazing love at first sight (which still has to happen). I see many good looking girls, and I would love to indulge in interesting talking and subtle flirting with them, but I despise the direct approach that men are expected/supposed to have.
Maybe i'm not ballsy enough, someone may say, and maybe that's true and I probably should investigate it, but I just think this is my nature, and that I am just cautious. I want to get some information of the girl's personality as I maybe talk with her or observe her behaviour and attitude, since I would never hang out with a girl I don't
Awe that is so cute! (the forgetting how to walk thing) I can get like that too sometimes. There's nothing wrong with being cautious, I don't have the balls to approach guys directly either. Screw men "being expected to make the first move". It's perfectly fine if you don't. It's just that most girls are shy as well, you know? So it'd be harder for you to find a girl if you're both too shy :P I have the same problem (I'm attracted to shy guys but can never find the balls to talk to them.)
Have you tried teasing any girls? Like playfully. I know that can be an easy way to break the ice and make the girl feel more comfortable, plus it would guarantee you a response from her. Maybe shove her lightly, tease her, etc. Just an idea.
Another thing, maybe Italian girls are different? A lot shyer? I've never personally been to Italy but I think a lot of American girls (I live in the US) are more forward and confident than other countries... I may be wrong about that.
Well, that is no easy question.
I believe that, being Southern Italy usually more "old-fashioned" that Northen Italy, (it of course also depends if you live on a big city or a small country) human behaviours tend to follow this "rule". Also, let us not forget the deeper influence Church has in Southern Italy.
Thus you may find more overall traditional ways of flirting from Southern Italians, which imply, for example, the man making the first move, while in the North rules may be a bit less strict. I am from Northen Italy myself, living in a rather small province and studying at Milan.
If we compare Italians to other countries, such as U. S. A. (never been there by the way) I learnt that Italian girls got not a good reputation, being labeled as too stuck-up, and not so easy going. Maybe that's true, but I couldn't tell. Every Nation-Culture-Race bears some stereotypes after all.
As for us Italian guys,
don't have a good reputation*
As for us Italian guys, I wouldn't really call ourself shy, in general. Southern Italians are actually a bit more aggressive, we could say, than Nothern Italians, in terms of approaches. But that's not a rule. I belive younger generations, including mine, are getting more and more similar within the whole Italian country.
Anyway, I'd be curious to come in the U. S. A. some day! :)
Not so sure if I would like girls pouncing on me, it would depends on how they do it.
I mean, if a girl digs every decent guy walking by, I would feel annoyed by her attentions.
Everybody needs to feel a bit special uh? ;) such is the human nature... A bit pityful, sometimes.
at times *
Anyway, sorry for the long text, I'd like to ask you what do you exactly mean by teasing girls playfully? and by shoving one's lightly, do you mean caressing? Sorry but English ain't my mother language
-by the way, I had some little experiences (very few) and one long relationship, I'm not totally clueless, but neither interested in making countless experiences nor being a "player", as you say in the U. S. A.
I celebrate and enjoy passion and attraction, but not the hungry pityful digging and will to make as many numbers as one can (maybe I'm expressing myself poorly). These countless ego games only leave one person more and more empty, instead of enriching one' self.
I had some flirts in the past, but those were cases when the girl was choosing me, rather than the opposite. Not very healthy.
That is all very interesting. I'd love to visit Italy one day.
I totally agree about the feeling special thing! Some girls do flirt with every guy and I agree, it's annoying. Some guys do it as well.
By teasing girls, I meant that if you found a girl cute you could just be playful with her, smile a lot around her, make jokes with her... that sort of thing. By shoving lightly I meant keeping in contact by touching her shoulders (again, playfully) and that sort of thing.
"English ain't my mother language" ahahahaha xD
Good to hear your not interested in being a Player, you seem like a sweet guy. And there are plenty of sweet girls out there too who want a guy just like you. Actually, to me you sound like exactly what girls want... sweet, caring, looking for something special, not a player, and you're good looking.
And you were expressing yourself just fine. :) I understood. Your English is incredible, I would have had no idea it wasn't your first language! Wow. :)
Oh and also, regarding the original question about you looking feminine (which I don't think you do), I know a lot of people over criticize themselves and pick apart every little thing... other people don't see the same thing you do when you look in the mirror because people are their own worst critics (if that makes sense?). Everyone has their insecurities but most people are hyper-aware of their own.
I hope you will do, and that you will enjoy it!
We all seek attention, somehow, I think. But I don't like this part of me and I would like to get rid of this subtle need :D
Oh all clear now, thank you for your explanation!
I'll keep that in mind! :)
[ "English ain't my mother language" ahahahaha xD ] ugh is it an innapriopriate way to say it? :o
glad i made you laugh tho ^^
well I am definitely not instered in being a player by any means, but I do enjoy seduction, when something inside you, something irrational, is involved. But definitely I don't think I would cheat or such.
I however think we, people, suffer from a viscid, wearing ill: the illusion and obsession to posses the partner. We are free. How would a person indulging in love and bliss with someone harm in any way the partner, by doing so? ...
Aaand yup, that's definitely the case. Overcriticizing. Good point! :)
I don't think there's anything wrong with craving attention at times, it's a natural thing. As long as it doesn't consume your life I don't think there's any reason to "get rid of that part of yourself". Once you find a girl you really love who loves you, she'll give you all of her attention and you won't crave it from anyone else :)
[ "English ain't my mother language" ahahahaha xD ] ugh is it an innapriopriate way to say it? - Well, not inappropriate exactly... it kind of sounds like black slang though (not to be offensive!). Hahaha. Most people would say "English isn't my first/native language" but nothing wrong with how you said it. hehe.
I agree, seduction is great. I think girls are more particular though... they like having one partner and enjoy seducing them, whereas a lot (but not all) guys try to seduce as many women as possible.
Not exactly sure what you mean at the end of your comment, do you mind elaborating on that? :)
Oh god... black slang D:
I've learnt a lot of "colloquial" idioms (I may spell it wrong) by chatting on online games, and learning from other players (yup I am a bit nerdy) Thanks a lot for pointing me out that! I really had no clue... XD
About the last part, do you mean the one concerning personal freedom?
ahahahah :D
Anyway, about that stamenet above:
We are not monogamous. And yet marriage is the epitome of monogamy.
The simple fact we feel attracted to different persons and "situations" shows that we are not meant to engage in a single relationship for our whole lifetime / until it breaks up. (the simple fact those relationships usually end up breaking should suggest us this very thing). I have just answered a question about marriage (sadly I can't attach a link yet, but you'll find the answer in my profile if u want to take a look at the comment)
To me, the concept of monogamy/marriage stems from patriarchy, as I wrote there.
That being said, I don't think it is impossible for two persons to get together and make that relationship endure the whole life. I do believe in soulmates. But I think we are meant to experience many different things; each relationship can learn us something very important, and indeed I believe we are here to learn. :)
Finally, I don't think we become asexual for everyone else as soon as we are engaged in a stable relationship.
To me, it is possible for a person to keep loving her partner and at the same time fall in love with another person. Is love limited to one person? How poor. How pathetic. This is simply greed, possession. Should we be jealous if our partner is experiencing beautiful sensations with another person? How can we be so close minded. I believe we are brainwashed by our society, a society which celebrates greed, possessiveness, and competition. A society which capitalize and feeds on us being constantly unhappy, envious, and struggling. That's my take.
I am personally subject to jealousy, at times, but I want to get over this. To mature. I recognize it as a wrong pattern, which I want to get rid of.
I don't mean that we should crave for as many relationships as we can, nor that we should force ourselves to date other persons while we are already engaged in a relationship. It is all relative. It is all subject to our inner self in that very moment. We are (hopefully) unequal and unique. We must simply, stay true to ourselves, stay true to our "soul", as I like to call it. DIscern the good things for us and not fall into behaviours that stem from inner needs/emptiness.
"Simple" as that :D
That is a very interesting take on things. I've heard the "monogamy" argument a few times and I'm not quite sure where I stand on it. Obviously I don't believe in "possession" but I do value loyalty. Not to say people can't love several people and still be loyal to all of them. I don't know. It's interesting to hear other people's opinions on the matter, especially someone like you who sounds like they know what they're talking about.
I try to question my believes and convinctions constantly. I don't claim to be an expert on the topic but I do get informed as much as I can whenever I evaluate any opinion, and then try to discern.
Anyway, it has been a very pleasant conversation, apparently I can't send any private messages until I "level up". lol


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Name of the hero was not chosen by chance, because this is racing up the hill, and your main rival - the laws of physics! You have to conquer the highest hills in the world, breaking and breaking the law of gravity again and again, you even get to the moon!
The game gives you the opportunity to upgrade your car, provide 4 types of terrain for the competition, built-in function for creating screenshots unmatched sound engine.
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Allows the app to access the phone features of the device. This permission allows the app to determine the phone number and device IDs, whether a call is active, and the remote number connected by a call.
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Surya Reddy Pulagam news
Hyderabad : Omni Hospitals in Talks with PEs for a 322-crore Injection
ASK Pravi Capital Advisors had invested around 50 crore in two tranches and currently holds around 35% stake in Omni Hospitals.
ASK Pravi Capital Advisors had invested around 50 crore in two tranches and currently holds around 35% stake in Omni Hospitals.
Tracking and treating Hepatitis B and C / Today we need to build trust that comes through transparency and credibility in engagement with patients: Ashok Kakkar / Need to blend healthcare and technology for the hospital / Lions to spend Rs 1cr for Measles Rubella vaccination campaign in Telangana / Screening is not a viable tool for detecting cancer in India: Dr. Sachin Almel / 11th edition of FICCI gets under way / Disrupted Gut Microbiome makes children more susceptible to amoebic dysentry / There are many projects in India to sequence human genomes: Brenda J Andrews / Being in a Sports Club is Good for the Soul / Johnson & Johnson announces partnership with CSIR-IMTECH to develop innovative new tuberculosis treatments
IndustrySpeak / Data & Analytics / HealthTV / Webinars / Events / Opinions / Interviews / Innovations / Trends / Startups / Oncology / Cardiology / Neurology / Oral Care / Diabetology / Data / Reports / Webcast
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Wordpress Optimize for mobiles
Bajet $10-30 AUD
My main page on my wordpress site is terrible for mobile users!!
The website is already up & running - the main page is at: [url removed, login to view]
As you can see, the post for each artist is listed using the 'display posts' plugin and is great on desktop - however, on mobile it is hard to view.
I would like it to be much easier to read as well as to scroll thru the long list - perhaps alphabetical anchor points with a floating widget?
I am open to suggestions, please visit the page and try it and let me know what you would do to make it better.
Thank You
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On the eve of the 2016 Davos conference in Switzerland where leaders gather to improve the state of the world, Motivaction International presents a deep-dive analysis of the values, opinions and behaviors of 2,315 people with incomes in the top 5% from around the globe.
The analysis is based on an extensive values survey among 48,041 people from 20 key economies.The affluent share a success mindset and enjoy spending, put more trust in the free market system and have less trust in religion and trade unions. The report is unique in describing a strong divide within the rich subsegment of the population between the Social Rich and the Self-Oriented Rich. The Social Rich plea for smaller income differences, have less trust in banks and multinationals and say banks should invest in sustainability. The Self-Oriented Rich are critical about more income equality, trust banks and multinationals more than the Social Rich and are more fatalistic and materialistic in their outlook on life. The Self-Oriented Rich live in a ''Rich bubble'', whereas the Social Rich who are more empathic and connected to what is happening in the outside world. Mark Zuckerberg, who is an influential icon for many people from the Self-Oriented Rich segment, sets an interesting ''crossover'' example between both rich subsegments by launching the Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative.
Please fill out the form below to download the report.
We would like to inform you that when you download a document, you can be approached on behalf of the author. We will not give your personal data to third parties.


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Most Expensive Funerals in History
They say don't store up treasures on earth but treasures in the afterlife. What do we say to those who store up treasures or more proper term is savings for their burial? I guess we can never judge. It will be the last time these people can spend their money for themselves. Sometimes, it is not the person's will to have a grand funeral but their loved ones. This will be the last time they can pay respect to a friend or relative in a lavish way. Below, I have listed the most expensive funerals in history:
Princess Diana
After the death of a well-loved princess caused by a car crash, people all over the globe are waiting for news about her tragic and sudden death. Despite Princess Diana's divorce with Prince Charles, she was still given a royal funeral. The cost of the service was estimated to be around five million pounds. That's a staggering amount of Singapore funeral services.
Pope John Paul II
This past week, the canonization of Pope John Paul II in becoming a saint was celebrated by a lot of Catholics. His funeral was one of the most expensive in the history of Vatican. It was reported that the cost was nine million euros. Despite the funeral being extravagant (which was out of his will), the Pope wished a simple internment. He was buried in a traditional grave below white burial marker indicating the length of his life.
John F. Kennedy
The most shocking death in the United States of America was the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The funeral costs four million dollars. Also, a Day of Mourning was set nationally which only required the federal emergency employees to report to work. While there really is not much cost for the funeral, the expense came from the media's loss. TV networks lost an estimated amount of 40 million dollars because of John F. Kennedy news taking over regular commercials and tv shows.
Ronald Reagan
A death of a president in term in the United States of America will always cost the country huge amount of money. Just like JFK, the expense does not always go to the funeral technically. The cost reach hundreds of millions because of a standard Day of Mourning which only the essential workers come to work. The tax payer bill that day could reach as high as 400 million dollars. I wonder if funeral services Singapore would prepare for a death of their president.
Alexander the Great
If your name has the word Great in it, you should not expect anything less for your funeral. King Alexander the Great's cost of funeral service Singapore would reach a whopping 600 million dollars if converted to today's currency. Imagine everything that was used was gold: from the sarcophagus, to shrine and even the transportation.


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Special Staff F
Special Staff F (German: Sonderstab F) was the cover name for a German military mission to Iraq during World War II. Sonderstab F was created on 20 May 1941 and ceased to exist on 20 June 1941.
On 23 May, the instructions for Sonderstab F were detailed by German dictator Adolf Hitler in Führer Directive No. 30 (Weisung Nr. 30). The directive detailed German intervention in support of Arab nationalists who seized the government in Iraq and were being confronted by the British Army (10th Indian Infantry Division). The mission included a Brandenburger Regiment, a German Air Force (Luftwaffe), and a German Foreign Office (Auswärtiges Amt) component. Many members of the various mission components had received orders prior to 23 May and were in Iraq at the time Weisung Nr. 30 was issued. The Anglo-Iraqi War started on 2 May. According to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, the "vigorous instructions" provided by Hitler were "belated" and developed at a time when "all chance of useful Axis intervention had passed."[1]
Sonderstab F was commanded by General Hellmuth Felmy.[2] While Felmy was a General der Flieger, he did not command the air component of Sonderstab F. General Felmy commanded Sonderstab F from Greece and it was Major Axel von Blomberg who flew to Iraq. He was the commander of the reconnaissance group in Iraq until his untimely death. Had he lived, von Blomberg was to integrate the Luftwaffe component, Fliegerführer Irak, with Iraqi armed forces in operations against the British. In addition, he and other members of the Brandenburger Regiment were to raise a German-led Arab Brigade (Arabische Brigade). The brigade was to have been raised in Iraq from the thousands of Arab volunteers available from Iraq, from Syria, from Palestine, from Saudi Arabia, and from throughout the Arab world. After his death and after the mission was a failure, the small group of German Military Intelligence (Abwehr) officers who followed him discussed the destruction of all oil facilities in Iraq. But this was pure fantasy for the four Brandenburgers available.[3]
Dr. Fritz Grobba represented the German Foreign Office in Iraq for Sonderstab F. As such, he was responsible for the direction of mission-related propaganda in addition to his diplomatic duties.
In accordance with ''Weisung Nr. 30'', the command structure for the Luftwaffe component of Sonderstab F was independent from the rest of the mission. Luftwaffe Colonel Werner Junck commanded Fliegerführer Irak in Iraq. He reported directly to Lieutenant General Hans Jeschonnek in Germany. Fliegerführer Irak arrived in Iraq on 13 May, fought against the British under conditions which became more and more difficult, and, by the end of the month, was forced to abandon Iraq.[4]
See also[edit]
- Churchill, Winston (1950). The Second World War, Volume III, The Grand Alliance. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
- Kurowski, Franz (2005). The Brandenburger Commandos: Germany's Elite Warrior Spies in World War II. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Book. ISBN 978-0-8117-3250-5.
- Lyman, Robert (2006). Iraq 1941: The Battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad. Campaign. Oxford, New York: Osprey Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 1-84176-991-6.