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Hi everyone. Welcome back for another Free Planner Sticker Printable.
On Monday's I try to post a universal printable that you can use for any planner you have in your stash. I know some of you switch up what planner you use on a weekly basis. I myself use the Big Letter Size Happy Planner that I leave on my coffee table. And I also use a Filofax Personal Ochre Malden as a planner/wallet that I carry in my purse. I use it as more of a To Do List and Calendar tracker, but it is also nice to have pretty stickers to decorate with. I just want to put stickers wherever I can!
This weeks printable is a Hexagon Days of the Week printable. In hind sight I realize that the top of the hexagon is invisible to those of you who cut by hand, but in the studio3 cut file, the full hexagon will cut. If you do cut these by hand, you could just use the bottom of the hexagon and not worry about the letter on top. These would be great for those of you who Bullet Journal or make your own planner pages.
Click on the actual picture for the jpeg file, click the links below each picture for the pdf file, and studio3 file with the cutlines included for your Silhouette Cutting Machine (this is the exact bundle I bought). You can cut these out buy hand using Scissors (these are the scissors I use when I cut by hand). Also, I get messages asking me about the paper I use to print with. I use onlinelabels.com and have every kind of inkjet paper they offer in white and clear in the full back.
I combined all of the available pdf files into one download for you, to make your life easier. Here is a preview of the available printables:
Download all of the PDFs HERE
Download Hexagon DOTW 1 studio3 HERE
Download Hexagon DOTW 2 studio3 HERE
Download Hexagon DOTW 3 studio3 HERE
Download Hexagon DOTW 4 & Extras studio3 HERE
You can also follow me on Social Media. Just click the links below:
If you print and use these in your planner, tag @myplannerenvy on Instagram so I can see them. It really makes my day when I see that others are using my free printables, plus it gives me new inspiration on how I can decorate my own planner too. :)
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Moderators: Timko, Fritz, Solty, Booter, Blake_T, Frank Delicious
just my 2 centsDrRyan wrote:Stable Drivers:you could do without the avenger unless it has a significant distance gap with the teebirds
Champion Teebird 11x 175 stable mable
Champion Teebird 12x 175 fairly new but still very flippy, stable roller though.
Z Avenger 174 Thinking of changing over to some Discraft and trying to work the Avenger and Pred in.
Distance Drivers:pick one mold
Proto Star Destroyer 175
Pro Destroyer 175
Nate Doss ESP Surge 173
Overstable Drivers:pick between FB and PRED
First run Pro(CE Plastic) Firebird 175
Z Predator 174
Star Xcaliber 172 mainly for long flicks or windy bombs RHBH
Understable Drivers:you should be able to do it all with 1 of these molds
First run CE Valkyrie 175
CE Valkyrie 165
Champion Roadrunner 175 flippy roller
Champion Leopard 175
Champion San Marino Roc 180
2 11x KC Pro Rocs 180
2 dx San Marino Rocs 180
Putters:the wizard should handle wind BETTER than the aviar, not much need for both
3 Wizards 175 one for driving
KC Pro Aviar for windy putts
i wasnt saying pick one disc, one mold as in just destroyers or whateverDrRyan wrote:I am going to have to disagree with the "pick one mold to do it all" rationale. Pro and Star Destroyers fly quite a bit different and there is a major difference between a first run 175 CE Valkyrie and a later run 165 CE Valkyrie. No doubt a Firebird and Predator are very similar and complete overlap there, but the FB is 5+ years old and Pred is brand new leading to a ton of different lines b/w the two.
Thanks for the input though fellas.
Bradley Walker wrote:I am not sure I understand the attitude that people post there bags just so someone can tell them what is wrong with it, and that is the sole function of the forum.
The forum is called bag critique AND discussion.
The Dr is discussing... so chill.
I am amazed at some of the hostility in some of these responses. Maybe it is just my perception...
That eating animals is bad?garublador wrote:Did we learn nothing from matt?
garublador wrote:If you don't agree with the overlap article and disc minimalism sticky then you will get responses that you don't agree with. Asking for those responses and then saying you don't like them will be viewed as trolling whether it's liked or not. Trolling is generally met with hostility. I don't see why any of this is a surprise for anyone. Did we learn nothing from matt?
You mean to imply like this:Bradley Walker wrote:No one has done anything that has even approached an attack, or has tried to provoke an attack. To even imply such a thing is ridiculous.
Bradley Walker wrote:I am amazed at some of the hostility in some of these responses.
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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
My form is currently unavailable!Asked by digitalbetts on May 13, 2016 at 11:48 AM
We have an event registration and emailed this link. Having trouble with the form. Attaching a screen shot.
JotForm Support
Upon checking your form, it seems like it was disabled. You can re-enable it by following this guide: https://www.jotform.com/help/180-How-to-Enable-Disable-a-Form
I see that you have set a limit on your form, here's a screenshot of it:
Was the submission limit in the "Preferences" set lower than 100 previously? If so, when you reached the submission limit, the form automatically becomes disabled.
Let us know if you need more help on this.
I seem to be having the same issue, but it's limited to just a few pages.
easmple: tree lopping
The rest seem to be going ok??
JotForm Support
To better assist you, I have opened a separate thread for your concern. Please refer to this link instead: https://www.jotform.com/answers/838752. We will address it shortly. Thank you.


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Facts about china
1) manchus ruled china for 300 years till 1911.
Manchu conquest of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The population rate was 100,000,000 chinese VS 1.000.000 manchus.
2) japan invaded china (1937-1945), and killed tens millions chinese. (the highest figure is 32 million )
Russia and USA saved china.
Second Sino-Japanese War - Wikipedia
Nanking Massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chinese population is 10 times bigger than japanese population.
3) In WWII, japan took the chinese capital and lost only 2000 soldiers.
Battle of Nanking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
genghis khan's law, killing a chinese = killing a donkey,
sorry to mention this.
jurchen was the master of china for about 100 years.
jurchen defeated china and took two chinese kings as slaves.
Men of chinese royal family were sold into slavery in exchange for horses with a ratio of ten men for one horse.
Jingkang Incident - Wikipedia
Most Helpful Girl
Thank you. I feel more educated now.20|20|0


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A post in the Chinese social network Weibo revealed the first images of ZTE's upcoming full HD Android smartphone named ZTE Nubia Z5. Though it is not yet an official launch, the images appear to have come from an official PR person within the company. It may be recalled that ZTE had announced this model at a press meet around one month back. This is the first time we are getting few images of this model out in the market.
The revealed images suggest that this model could be competing with the recently announced HTC Butterfly model in the Chinese market. Both these models will face competition from Samsung Galaxy Note 2 too. Phablet market in China is getting more options now for the users!
Though ZTE has not officially announced the specifications of this upcoming HD smartphone, few of the features are now known.
Known specifications of ZTE Nubia Z5 (yet to be officially verified)
- 5 inch display screen
- 1080P screen resolution
- 13 MP rear end camera
- Unibody design
- Android OS (Mostly 4.1 version) and
- Quad core processor
As you can see in the leaked in images, the appearance of the phone looks visually appealing and with some decent specifications, ZTE would be betting on this model to give a tight competition to HTC Butterfly and Samsung Galaxy Note 2 in the Chinese market.
The company has remained tight lipped on the availability of this model in markets outside China too for the time being. We have to wait till it is officially released by the company.


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Geological Magazine
- Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009
Sapphirine-bearing Mg–Al granulites from Rajapalaiyam in the southern part of the Madurai Block provide critical evidence for Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism in southern India. Poikiloblastic garnet in quartzo-feldspathic and pelitic granulites contain inclusions of fine-grained subidioblastic to xenoblastic sapphirine associated with quartz, suggesting that the rocks underwent T > 1000°C peak metamorphism. Quartz inclusions in spinel within garnet are also regarded as clear evidence for a UHT condition. Inclusions of orthopyroxene within porphyroblastic garnet in the sapphirine-bearing rocks show the highest Al2O3 content of up to 10.3 wt%, suggesting T = 1050–1070°C and P = 8.5–9.5 kbar. Temperatures estimated from ternary feldspar and other geothermometers (T = 950–1000°C) further support extreme thermal metamorphism in this region. Xenoblastic spinel inclusions in sapphirine coexisting with quartz suggest that the spinel + quartz assemblage pre-dates the sapphirine + quartz assemblage, probably implying a cooling from T ~ 1050°C or an anticlockwise P–T path. The FMAS reaction sapphirine + quartz + garnet → orthopyroxene + sillimanite indicates a cooling from the sapphirine + quartz stability field after the peak metamorphism. Corona textures of orthopyroxene + cordierite (± sapphirine), orthopyroxene + sapphirine + cordierite, and cordierite + spinel around garnet suggest subsequent near-isothermal decompression followed by decompressional cooling toward T = 650–750°C and P = 4.5–5.5 kbar. The sapphirine–quartz association and related textures described in this study have an important bearing on the UHT metamorphism and exhumation history of the Madurai Block, as well as on the tectonic evolution of the continental deep crust in southern India. Our study provides a typical example for extreme metamorphism associated with collisional tectonics during the Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent.
- sapphirine + quartz
- spinel + quartz
- aluminous orthopyroxene
- mesoperthite
- isobaric cooling
- anticlockwise path
- Madurai Block
1 Introduction
The southern Indian granulite terrane is composed of several granulite-facies blocks exposing mid- and lower levels of the continental crust, and dissected by intracontinental Neoproterozoic shear zones (Drury et al. 1984). Recent geochronological data on high-grade metamorphic rocks in the area have confirmed the widespread effect of the c. 550–530 Ma thermal event (e.g. Braun, Montel & Nicollet, 1998; Santosh et al. 2003, 2006; Santosh, Morimoto & Tsutsumi, 2006; Collins et al. 2007). The Madurai Block, one of the largest crustal blocks in southern India, is composed mainly of biotite–hornblende orthogneiss and massive charnockite with supracrustal rocks such as pelitic and mafic granulites, quartzite and calc-silicate rocks. Recent petrological data from the Madurai Block indicate crustal metamorphism at extreme thermal conditions of T ~ 1000°C and P ~ 10 kbar (e.g. Brown & Raith, 1996; Raith, Karmakar & Brown, 1997; Tateishi et al. 2004; Sajeev, Osanai & Santosh, 2004; Tsunogae & Santosh, 2007). Rocks formed through such ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism (e.g. Harley, 1998, 2004, 2008; Kelsey, 2008) have been reported from several granulite terranes elsewhere (e.g. Motoyoshi & Ishikawa, 1997; Sajeev & Osanai, 2004; Bose & Das, 2007; Leite et al. 2009). Geochronological studies in the sapphirine-bearing granulites from the Madurai Block and the Palghat–Cauvery Shear Zone system, which marks the northern boundary of this block, indicate that the timing of peak metamorphism coincided with the final amalgamation of the Gondwana supercontinent during Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian times (Santosh et al. 2006; Collins et al. 2007).
In this study, we report new mineralogical and petrological data on sapphirine-bearing pelitic granulites and related rocks from a classic locality at Rajapalaiyam in the southernmost part of the Madurai Block. Although sapphirine-bearing rocks have been previously reported from several localities in this block (e.g. Tsunogae & Santosh, 2007 and references therein), the present study area at Rajapalaiyam offers excellent exposures which preserve early mineral assemblages enclosed in coarse-grained poikiloblastic garnet within pelitic granulites. The mineral assemblages and reaction textures reported in this study thus aid in the estimation of peak metamorphic conditions, as well as in the construction of exhumational P–T paths in addressing the metamorphic history of a collisional orogen in an important Gondwana crustal fragment. Previous studies reported the diagnostic UHT assemblage of sapphirine + quartz in this locality for the first time from southern India (Tateishi et al. 2004; Tsunogae & Santosh, 2006; Braun et al. 2007; Tsunogae, Santosh & Dubessy, 2008), providing robust evidence for T ~ 1000°C UHT metamorphism. Preliminary P–T paths of the Rajapalaiyam area were proposed by Tateishi et al. (2004) and Tsunogae & Santosh (2006) on the basis of phase analyses in the FMAS system. However, these works presented only limited data within the broad framework of the FMAS petrogenetic grid, and the precise nature of the P–T history of these rocks remained unresolved. We therefore carried out further detailed studies in this area, which led to the identification of several new and important textures. The results from these studies are presented in this paper to evaluate the P–T and exhumation history based on new FMAS petrogenetic grid considerations. For the precise determination of the P–T trajectory, we further adopted additional information such as mineral composition isopleths (e.g. for Al in orthopyroxene) to evaluate the path constructed by mineral equilibrium observations. Our results provide a typical case of formation of orogens in a continent–continent collision setting associated with the final assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent during Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian times.
2 General geological setting and field relations
Rajapalaiyam is located about 80 km southwest of Madurai City (Fig. 1) in the Tamil Nadu state of southern India. The lithological units in this region comprise massive charnockite and associated lenses or layers of pelitic and calc-silicate rocks. A pink alkali-feldspar granite intrusive of about 5 × 2 km size also occurs in the area. The outcrop examined in this study reveals the contact between the alkali-feldspar granite and host granulites (dominantly quartzo-feldspathic and pelitic gneisses). Sriramguru et al. (2002) first reported sapphirine in this locality from pelitic xenoliths (garnet + orthopyroxene + cordierite + spinel + plagioclase + perthite) in the alkali-feldspar granite, and determined peak temperatures of 860°C from the garnet–orthopyroxene geothermometer and 950°C from the feldspar thermometer on mesoperthite. Our preliminary investigations on the pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic granulites from this area revealed the occurrence of an equilibrium sapphirine + quartz assemblage in some porphyroblastic garnets (Tateishi et al. 2004).
Figure 2 shows the nature of field occurrence of the granulite and intrusive alkali-feldspar granite in the study area. Remnants of pelitic granulite are occasionally enclosed within the granite (Fig. 2a). The matrix quartzo-feldspathic and pelitic granulites occur as layered gneisses with widths varying from several centimetres to decimetres. Foliation of the rock is clearly defined by compositional layering of various rock types (Fig. 2b–d), but lineation is not obvious (Fig. 2e). The boundary between the granite and granulites is clearly defined (Fig. 2b). Thin intrusive layers of the alkali-feldspar granite are also observed in the pelitic granulite, but the granite does not cross-cut the foliation of the matrix granulite (Fig. 2b). Quartzo-feldspathic granulites occur as lenses or layers in biotite- and orthopyroxene-rich pelitic granulites. Rarely, coarse-grained pelitic granulite occurs as layers parallel to the matrix foliation.
3 Petrography
Systematic petrographic studies were carried out in rock samples collected from the Rajapalaiyam area, including identification of mineral assemblages and reaction textures, grain size measurements and abundance. Based on these data, we classify the rocks in this locality into four major categories (Table 1):
Type A: quartzo-feldspathic garnet–sillimanite ± orthopyroxene granulite (e.g. sample MD6-2K);
Type B: garnet–orthopyroxene–cordierite granulite (e.g. sample MD6-2E);
Type C: garnet–cordierite granulite (e.g. sample MD6-1Y);
Type D: coarse-grained garnet–orthopyroxene granulite (e.g. sample MD6-2J).
Lithologies (b) to (d) are pelitic gneiss, while (a) is more SiO2-rich, probably psammitic in origin. A summary of their petrological characteristics is given below.
3.a Type A: quartzo-feldspathic garnet–sillimanite ± orthopyroxene granulite
This leucocratic rock is composed mainly of quartz (40–60%), mesoperthite (20–40%), garnet (10–20%), biotite (2–10%) and sillimanite (2–10%), with accessory sapphirine, zircon, rutile, monazite and apatite. The rock exhibits a weak foliation defined by elongated sillimanite and quartz. Sample MD6-2L2 contains subidioblastic to xenoblastic and poikiloblastic garnet (0.5–6 mm in diameter) with inclusions of sillimanite, sapphirine, quartz, biotite, apatite, zircon and rutile (Fig. 3a). The sapphirine (0.02–0.3 mm) is pale bluish in colour and shows weak pleochroism. It is poikiloblastic and intergrows with fine-grained (< 0.06 mm) quartz. The sapphirine and quartz inclusions show a sharp grain contact and are in textural equilibrium (Figs 3b, 4a). Sillimanite (0.1–2 mm) occurs either as inclusions in poikiloblastic garnet and matrix quartz, or as prismatic aggregates along grain boundaries of garnet, quartz and mesoperthite. Quartz (up to 6.5 mm) and mesoperthite (0.3–1.8 mm) are dominant minerals and commonly form quartzo-feldspathic layers in the rock. Brownish biotite is medium-grained (0.05–2.1 mm) and surrounds garnet, sillimanite and quartz probably as a late phase. Some fine-grained (< 0.3 mm) biotites are also present as inclusions at the rim of garnet grains.
Sample MD6-2K is an orthopyroxene-bearing variety of this rock type. Garnet in the sample varies from subidioblastic (0.8–1.3 mm in diameter) to xenoblastic (1.5–3 mm in diameter). The subidioblastic garnet is surrounded by quartz grains and is free from inclusions and later reaction textures. In contrast, the relatively coarse-grained garnet is poikiloblastic, containing inclusions of sapphirine, quartz, sillimanite and monazite (Fig. 3c). The sapphirine and quartz inclusions show a direct contact relationship (Fig. 4b) similar to sample MD6-2L2. The sapphirine- and quartz-bearing poikiloblastic garnet is rarely mantled by corona of orthopyroxene + sillimanite (Figs 3d, 4c, d). The corona orthopyroxene and sillimanite contain fine-grained inclusions of sapphirine, quartz and garnet as reactant phases (Fig. 4d). Some garnet grains with no sapphirine inclusion are also corroded, but they are usually mantled by coronae of cordierite ± orthopyroxene (Fig. 3e). Matrix minerals are coarse-grained quartz (up to 7 mm) and mesoperthite (up to 2.7 mm). Foliation of the rock is defined by aligned sillimanite (0.1–1.2 mm) and brownish biotite (0.05–1.2 mm) around garnet.
3.b Type B: garnet–orthopyroxene–cordierite granulite
This rock type is composed mainly of quartz (30–40%), garnet (30–50%), biotite (5–20%), orthopyroxene (5–10%), cordierite (5–10%) and mesoperthite (2–20%). Sillimanite and sapphirine are accessory minerals. A representative sample MD6-2E2 is composed of a quartz–mesoperthite-rich leucocratic layer and a garnet–cordierite–biotite-rich melanocratic layer (Fig. 3f, g). Foliation of the rock is defined by alternation of the layers as well as tabular aggregates of biotite (Fig. 3g). Garnet is the dominant ferromagnesian mineral in this rock and forms very coarse-grained poikiloblastic aggregates (up to 25 mm) containing inclusions of sapphirine, quartz, rutile, apatite, K-feldspar, plagioclase, zircon and sillimanite. Pale bluish sapphirine (up to 0.8 mm) is pleochroic and occurs mostly as inclusions in the core of garnet grains. Similar to samples MD6-2L2 and MD6-2K, sapphirine shows direct contact with fine-grained quartz (< 0.09 mm). The elongated sapphirine inclusions often occur parallel to the matrix foliation. This further supports an earlier origin of the sapphirine prior to garnet growth. The garnet is in part mantled by corona of cordierite + orthopyroxene (Fig. 3h), a texture similar to that in garnet–cordierite gneiss (sample MD6-1Y). Pale brownish to yellowish pleochroic orthopyroxene occurs as medium- to coarse-grained (up to 1.2 mm) porphyroblasts in the matrix of quartz and cordierite. The mineral is often surrounded by aggregates of secondary biotite (0.1–1.9 mm). Biotite in this association is reddish brown in colour, and occurs together with cordierite and quartz as well as orthopyroxene. Sillimanite occurs as rare tiny inclusions (less than 0.02 mm) within garnet or as medium-grained (up to 0.5 mm) subidioblastic mineral in cordierite around garnet, but is not seen coexisting with orthopyroxene.
3.c Type C: garnet–cordierite granulite
This rock type is generally composed of garnet (10–20%), cordierite (20–30%), quartz (10–20%), perthite (20–30%), sillimanite (5–10%), orthopyroxene (< 5%) and magnetite/ilmenite (< 5%), with accessory biotite, spinel, sapphirine and zircon. Foliation of the rock is sometimes not obvious, but rarely defined by aligned sillimanite aggregates. The petrological and mineralogical characters of this lithology discussed below are similar to those of the cordierite gneisses in the Achankovil Zone located about 10 km south from this locality (Fig. 1) (Sinha-Roy, Mathai & Narayanaswamy, 1984; Santosh, 1987; Ishii, Tsunogae & Santosh, 2006).
Sample MD6-1Y is a typical garnet-cordierite gneiss from Rajapalaiyam, occurring as a xenolith in alkali-feldspar granite. Garnet (0.7–7 mm) is embayed by coarse-grained (up to 10 mm) pale bluish cordierite (Fig. 3i) with or without vermicular orthopyroxene. Garnet contains rare inclusions of quartz, plagioclase, biotite and sapphirine, although sapphirine and quartz do not coexist. Medium-grained (0.1–1.5 mm) orthopyroxene forms aggregates with opaque minerals (mainly ilmenite with thin magnetite lamella) in the matrix of cordierite. Sillimanite (0.2–4 mm) is prismatic and occurs in the perthite- and quartz-rich portion of the rock. Greenish spinel (0.1–1.0 mm) is irregular in shape and is mostly associated with ilmenite and magnetite.
3.d Type D: coarse-grained garnet–orthopyroxene granulite
This lithology is characterized by coarse-grained orthopyroxene and garnet in hand specimen (Fig. 2f). The most common assemblage of the rock type is defined by garnet (10–30%), quartz (10–40%), biotite (10–30%), orthopyroxene (10–30%) and cordierite (5–10%). Sapphirine, spinel and sillimanite are minor constituents. A representative sample, MD6-2J, comprises mostly coarse-grained garnet (up to 15 mm), quartz (up to 13 mm), biotite (up to 8 mm) and orthopyroxene (up to 7.5 mm), with minor cordierite, spinel, sapphirine, ilmenite and magnetite. Garnet is subidioblastic and partly corroded, and contains inclusions of fine-grained quartz, sapphirine and rare orthopyroxene as earlier phases (Fig. 3j). Matrix orthopyroxene exhibits brownish to pinkish pleochroism, and occurs mostly as subidioblastic grains associated with corroded garnet. Between the coarse-grained garnet and orthopyroxene, fine- to coarse-grained cordierite (up to 3 mm) is often developed, and rarely orthopyroxene + cordierite symplectite occurs. Brownish biotite is closely associated with orthopyroxene, quartz, K-feldspar and garnet, suggesting their formation during the retrograde stage.
Sapphirine in this sample shows three types of occurrence. The first category is fine-grained (< 0.15 mm) and subidioblastic to idioblastic showing sharp grain contact with quartz, both included in garnet (Fig. 4e). The sapphirine within garnet contains rare inclusions of xenoblastic greenish spinel. Greenish biotite adjacent to the quartz is regarded as a product of a retrograde stage, possibly associated with retrograde fluid activity along cracks of garnet (see Fig. 4e). The second type of sapphirine, medium-grained (0.1–0.9 mm) intergrowth with orthopyroxene (Figs 3k, 4f), occurs as fan-like symplectites around poikiloblastic garnet. The third type of sapphirine is a fine-grained (< 0.2 mm) vermicular mineral within orthopyroxene + cordierite symplectite surrounding garnet (Fig. 3l, m). Fine-grained (< 0.2 mm) dark greenish spinel also occurs in cordierite coronae around garnet (Fig. 3m), together with vermicular sapphirine and orthopyroxene.
4 Mineral chemistry
Chemical analyses of minerals were performed by electron microprobe analyser (JEOL JXA8621) at the Chemical Analysis Division of the Research Facility Centre for Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, for all minerals. The analyses were performed under conditions of 20 kV accelerating voltage and 10 nA sample current, and the data were regressed using an oxide-ZAF correction program supplied by JEOL. Representative compositions of minerals in the analysed samples are given in online Appendix Tables A1 to A6 at http://journals.cambridge.org/geo. Fe3+ of garnet, orthopyroxene, sapphirine and spinel was calculated based on stoichiometry.
4.a Garnet
Garnet is a dominant mineral in the pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic granulites of the study area, and is essentially a solid solution of pyrope and almandine (XMg = Mg/(Fe+Mg) = 0.40–0.61) with low contents of grossular (1.1–4.1 mol.%) and spessartine (0–2.9 mol.%). The core of sapphirine + quartz-bearing poikiloblastic garnet without orthopyroxene + sillimanite corona in sample MD6-2K (Type A) shows the highest pyrope content of Pyr57–61Alm38–40Grs1–2Sps0–2 among the examined samples. In contrast, the core of garnet with orthopyroxene + sillimanite corona in the same sample shows slightly lower pyrope content of Pyr54–55Alm43–44Grs1–2Sps0–1. The pyrope content further decreases toward the rim of the garnet grain near the orthopyroxene + sillimanite corona as Pyr52–53Alm45–46Grs1–2Sps0–1.
Garnet in Type D (e.g. sample MD6-2J) shows marked compositional zoning with Pyr52–53Alm43–45Grs1–3Sps1–2 in the core and Pyr45–51Alm43–49Grs4–5Sps1–2 for the rim adjacent to an orthopyroxene + cordierite corona. The garnet rim adjacent to sapphirine + orthopyroxene symplectite in the same sample is also slightly Mg-poorer than the core as Pyr50–52Alm44–45Grs2–3Sps1–2.
4.b Orthopyroxene
Orthopyroxene is a common mineral in pelitic granulites. It shows marked compositional variation even within thin-section scale, depending on the mineral association and textural relationship. An orthopyroxene inclusion within the core of garnet in sample MD6-2J shows the highest Al2O3 content of up to 10.3 wt% (Al = 0.44 pfu). The core of the subidioblastic coarse-grained (up to 8 mm in length) orthopyroxene associated with corroded garnet in the same sample is also rich in Al2O3 as ~9.6 wt% (Al = 0.41 pfu), while its rim shows a slightly lower Al2O3 content of 5.9–8.2 wt% (Al = 0.25–0.35 pfu). Such a decrease in Al2O3 content from core to rim of orthopyroxene is a common feature among most of the coarse-grained garnet–orthopyroxene granulite samples examined in this study. Another example is sample MD6-2I2, where the Al2O3 content of the core of the orthopyroxene (9.5–9.9 wt%; Al = 0.41–0.42 pfu) is significantly higher than its rim (7.2–7.9 wt%; Al = 0.31–0.34 pfu). In contrast, some fine- to medium-grained pelitic granulites (e.g. Type B) display no marked variation in orthopyroxene chemistry. For example, the Al2O3 content of the orthopyroxene core (7.6–7.7 wt%) in sample MD6-2E is almost consistent with that of its rim (7.5–8.6 wt%), as well as those associated with the symplectitic phase around garnet (7.8–7.9 wt%).
Orthopyroxene (+ sapphirine) symplectite around garnet in sample MD6-2J (Type D) also contains high Al2O3 (up to 9.7 wt%, Al = 0.41 pfu). In contrast, orthopyroxene symplectite with cordierite around poikiloblastic garnet is less aluminous (5.9–7.1 wt% Al2O3, Al = 0.25–0.31 pfu). XMg ratios of all the above orthopyroxene varieties are almost consistent, showing a range of 0.69–0.76, despite the marked variations in Al2O3 contents.
4.c Sapphirine
Sapphirine in the examined samples shows three types of occurrence: (1) small grains (< 0.15 mm) showing grain contact with quartz, with both minerals included in garnet (e.g. sample MD6-2L2; Fig. 3b), (2) medium-grained (0.1–0.8 mm) fan-like sapphirine–orthopyroxene symplectite (sample MD6-2J; Fig. 3k), and (3) fine-grained (< 0.2 mm) vermicular grains as orthopyroxene + cordierite + sapphirine symplectite surrounding garnet (sample MD6-2J; Figs 3l, m). The compositions of sapphirines in the three associations are summarized in Figure 5. Sapphirine included within garnet in sample MD6-2J is slightly magnesian (XMg = 0.79–0.81) with lower Si (1.54–1.56 pfu) and higher Al (8.6–8.8 pfu) contents as compared with those associated with the fan-like orthopyroxene (XMg = 0.77–0.80, Si = 1.61–1.63 pfu, Al = 8.4–8.6 pfu) and orthopyroxene + cordierite symplectite (XMg = 0.77–0.79, Si = 1.58–1.64 pfu, Al = 8.2–8.6 pfu) in the same sample. Sapphirine (+ quartz) occurring within garnet in other samples is also Mg–rich as 0.77–0.78 (sample MD6-2E2), 0.79–0.84 (sample MD6-2L2) and 0.82–0.85 (sample MD6-2K), although the Si content of sapphirine in equilibrium with quartz in the samples has a wide range as 1.52 to 1.63 pfu.
4.d Spinel
Spinel occurs either as a texturally earlier phase in sapphirine coexisting with quartz (e.g. sample MD6-2L2) or as a later phase together with cordierite (sample MD6-2J) around garnet or with ilmenite (sample MD6-2L2). It is principally a solid solution of hercynite and Mg-spinel. The spinel inclusion in sapphirine in sample MD6-2J is Fe-rich as XMg = 0.44–0.47 with minor Cr2O3 (< 0.03 wt%) and ZnO (0.97–1.00 wt%) contents. Fine-grained dark greenish spinel in cordierite corona around garnet is slightly more Mg-rich as XMg = 0.55–0.56 than the hercynite included within sapphirine. It also shows negligibly small Cr and Zn contents. Spinel associated with quartz and sapphirine in sample MD6-2L2 (Fig. 4g) also shows low ZnO and Cr2O3 contents (< 0.33 and < 0.11 wt%, respectively). In contrast, an isolated spinel inclusion within garnet in sample MD6-2L2 has the highest XMg ratio of 0.61–0.63, and high Cr2O3 (3.4–3.6 wt%) and ZnO (2.9–3.2 wt%) contents.
4.e Other minerals
Cordierite occurs around porphyroblastic garnet as a later product. It shows a uniform magnesian composition in all samples, with XMg in the range of 0.81–0.87. K-feldspar and plagioclase occur as mesoperthite or perthite in most examined samples. K-feldspar is rich in orthoclase and that in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses has a broad compositional range of An0–1Ab5–15Or84–95 depending on samples. Plagioclase in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic samples is relatively more albite-rich (An8–17Ab79–92Or0–3) than that in the alkali-feldspar granite (An20–27Ab75–78Or0–2).
5 Metamorphic reaction textures
We evaluate the mineral assemblages and textures described in the previous section using the (K2O–)FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2(–H2O) ((K)FMAS(H)) system. The textures in the examined samples are divided into three major stages: prograde, peak and retrograde, based on the host–inclusion relationships and grain shape and size of the minerals in the rocks.
5.a Prograde reactions
Several prograde reaction textures are indicated by the presence of inclusions in coarse-grained poikiloblastic minerals in the matrix, namely garnet and orthopyroxene. Garnet in samples MD6-2J, E2, K and L2 contain equilibrium sapphirine + quartz assemblages (Figs 3b, c, 4a, b), suggesting that the two minerals formed in the stability field of sapphirine and quartz (T > 1000°C; Hensen & Green, 1973; Bertrand, Ellis & Green, 1991; Kelsey et al. 2004). The reaction to form the assemblage could be inferred from xenoblastic spinel inclusions in idioblastic sapphirine in equilibrium with quartz in sample MD6-2J (Fig. 4e). This texture could imply that spinel and quartz were once in equilibrium, and that later sapphirine formed between the two minerals. There are two possible FMAS divariant reactions to explain the formation of sapphirine from spinel and quartz: (1) (2)
As sillimanite is absent in the texture, reaction (2) might not be realistic, although it is possible to interpret that sillimanite has been totally consumed by the progress of the reaction. We therefore infer that reaction (1) took place to form the sapphirine–quartz assemblage in sample MD6-2J within the stability field of sapphirine + quartz.
Greenish spinel with a composition similar to that occurring in sapphirine in sample MD6-2J is seen within poikiloblastic garnet in sample MD6-2L2. Although Tsunogae & Santosh (2006) did not identify a spinel + quartz association in this sample, our further detailed examination of the spinel + sapphirine + quartz multiphase inclusion in garnet during this study revealed rare inclusions of quartz in spinel without any reaction boundary between them (Fig. 4g). This texture suggests that spinel + quartz was in equilibrium during high-grade metamorphism. Such an equilibrium spinel + quartz assemblage has been reported from several localities in the Madurai Block and elsewhere in UHT terranes, as evidence of peak UHT metamorphism (Tadokoro et al. 2007; Tsunogae et al. 2008b; Santosh, Sajeev & Li, 2006; Santosh et al. 2007; Shimizu, Tsunogae & Santosh, 2009). A similar spinel + quartz association has also been recorded in high-T/low-P metamorphic terranes such as the Namaqualand belt (e.g. Waters, 1990), South Africa, although sapphirine is absent in such occurrences.
5.b Peak assemblage
Based on the petrographic evidence discussed above, particularly the porphyroblastic nature of garnet, orthopyroxene, sillimanite and mesoperthite, we infer that the peak mineral assemblage of this area is represented by garnet + orthopyroxene ± sillimanite ± mesoperthite. Sapphirine + quartz and spinel + quartz assemblages enclosed in garnet porphyroblast are also regarded as the peak assemblages which were stable at the UHT condition.
5.c Retrograde reactions
Retrograde reactions are observed as corona and symplectite textures that formed around early coarse-grained minerals. One typical example is a complex intergrowth of orthopyroxene and sillimanite around poikiloblastic garnet in which sapphirine + quartz equilibrium occurs (Figs 3d, 4c, d). There are several unique textural characters that are useful for inferring the reaction that formed the orthopyroxene + sillimanite corona: (1) fine-grained garnet and quartz inclusions in orthopyroxene and sillimanite (Fig. 4d), (2) absence of corona texture around garnet without sapphirine inclusion, (3) increase of almandine content in garnet toward its rim. The above evidence suggests the progress of the following FMAS continuous reaction: (3) The reaction has been reported in previous papers (e.g. Harley, Hensen & Sheraton, 1990) as evidence of isobaric cooling from the stability of sapphirine + quartz.
One of the most spectacular corona textures can be found as an intergrowth of brownish orthopyroxene and bluish sapphirine around garnet in sample MD6-2J (Figs 3k, 4f). Cordierite is also present between garnet and the intergrowth (Fig. 4f). The fan-like sapphirine–orthopyroxene symplectite has also been reported from Ganguvarpatti (Mohan, Ackermand & Lal, 1986; Mohan & Windley, 1993; Sajeev, Osanai & Santosh, 2004; Tamashiro et al. 2004) and Palni Hills (Raith, Karmakar & Brown, 1997; Prakash & Arima, 2003) of the central Madurai Block as a retrograde texture. Harley, Hensen & Sheraton (1990) also reported the texture from Forefinger Point in the Rayner Complex of Antarctica as evidence of the progress of the following reaction: (4)
Another common example of retrograde reaction texture is cordierite ± orthopyroxene coronae developed around garnet (e.g. Fig. 3e, h). Such textures suggest the following FMAS continuous reactions: (5) (6) Progress of reactions (5) and (6) is supported by the decrease of Mg content in garnet from the core to the rim. The above two reactions have been reported from many granulite terranes in the world and are often taken as evidence in favour of near-isothermal decompression after the peak metamorphism (Harley, 1989, 2004).
Fine-grained (< 0.2 mm) dark greenish spinel occurs in cordierite coronae around garnet (Fig. 3i). The texture may suggest the following FMAS continuous reaction: (7) The close association of greenish spinel and magnetite is common in the pelitic granulites (Figs 3n, 4h) and rare in the alkali-feldspar granite at Rajapalaiyam. The texture suggests a possible origin of the spinel as external granule oxidation–exsolution from magnetite, that is, exsolution involving oxidation and limited migration of the exsolved material to the edge of the grain as suggested by Grew, Hiroi & Shiraishi, (1990) to explain the origin of the högbomite–magnetite association, a mechanism that was originally proposed by Buddington & Lindsley (1964) for the formation of ilmenite granules in magnetite. Although such an exsolved spinel occasionally shows a direct grain contact relationship with quartz (e.g. sample MD6-2L3; Fig. 4h), it is regarded as a metastable assemblage. In contrast, as sapphirine associated with quartz in the examined samples (e.g. Fig. 4a, b, e) is not related to Fe–Ti oxides, sapphirine and quartz discussed in this study are regarded to be an equilibrium assemblage.
Brownish biotite is closely associated with orthopyroxene, quartz, K–feldspar and garnet (Fig. 3o), suggesting the progress of the following retrograde reaction (8), probably at the final stage of high-grade metamorphism: (8) The H2O-bearing fluid probably infiltrated from an external source during exhumation or was derived from crystallized melt (e.g. Carrington & Harley, 1995; Harley, 2008).
6 Geothermobarometry
Several conventional geothermobarometers are applicable for the examined samples to infer the peak and retrograde metamorphic conditions because of the presence of a number of coexisting ferromagnesian minerals. We briefly summarize below the computed P–T conditions from thermobarometers that are appropriate for the assemblages in the studied samples.
6.a Garnet–orthopyroxene(–plagioclase–quartz)
This thermometer was applied to porphyroblastic garnet and orthopyroxene in several pelitic samples (e.g. MD6-2E2, MD6-2J and MD6-2K). The estimated temperature ranges are 930–990°C, 800–860°C and 940–1000°C, respectively, at 8 kbar using the method of Lee & Ganguly (1988). Application of other methods (e.g. Aranovich & Berman, 1997) also gave temperatures below 1000°C, although slightly lower than the results of Al solubility in orthopyroxene discussed in the next section. It has been emphasized in earlier studies that the Fe–Mg exchange geothermometers rarely preserve the peak temperatures due to the effect of later (retrograde) Fe–Mg exchange between the minerals (Fitzsimons & Harley, 1994; Bégin & Pattison, 1994; Harley, 1998).
Pressure was estimated by the experimental calibration of the garnet–orthopyroxene–plagioclase–quartz barometer by Perkins & Chipera (1985), yielding values of 8.2–8.4 kbar (sample MD6-2J) and 7.8–8.3 kbar (sample MD6-2K) at 900°C. Moecher, Essene & Anovitz (1988) improved this geobarometer using new thermodynamic and experimental data. Calculated results using their method are slightly higher than, but almost consistent with, those obtained from Perkins & Chipera's (1985) geothermometer, yielding pressure ranges of 11.2–11.3 kbar (sample MD6-2J) and 9.6–10.1 kbar (sample MD6-2K) at 900°C. The higher pressure range obtained from the Moecher, Essene & Anovitz (1988) method is consistent with the sapphirine + quartz + garnet + orthopyroxene + sillimanite association in sample MD6-2K, which is regarded to be stable at P > 9 kbar (e.g. Hensen & Harley, 1990).
6.b Al solubility in orthopyroxene
The Al content and XMg of orthopyroxene coexisting with garnet, sillimanite (or cordierite) and quartz are potential indicators of P–T conditions (Hensen & Harley, 1990). For the estimates, we adopted core compositions of porphyroblastic coarse-grained orthopyroxene or prograde orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet because these are likely to preserve the near-peak compositions. Application of the revised isopleths of Harley (2004), based on new experimental data (e.g. Hollis & Harley, 2003) on the core of the orthopyroxene in sample MD6-2J (XMg = 0.70–0.71, XAl = 0.19–0.21), indicates UHT peak metamorphic conditions of 990–1020°C. In contrast, the isopleth of Baldwin et al. (2005) yielded slightly lower P–T conditions of 900–950°C and 7.8–8.2 kbar. Recently, Harley (2008) revised the isopleth considering the effect of H2O activity in cordierite. Application of the new method to our orthopyroxene with 10.5 wt% Al2O3 yielded a P–T condition of about 980–990°C at about 8 kbar, which is nearly comparable to the result from the isopleth of Harley (2004).
The core of the coarse-grained orthopyroxene in sample MD6-2I2 also gave high temperatures of 1010–1020°C at 9–10 kbar when the isopleths of Harley (2004) are applied. The highest temperature conditions are recorded in prograde orthopyroxene inclusion in garnet in sample MD6-2J (up to 10.3 wt% Al2O3) as 1050–1070°C at 8.5–9.5 kbar using the same isopleths. Such T > 1000°C temperature conditions obtained through this method are higher than the results from garnet–orthopyroxene geothermometers.
Compositions of orthopyroxene are plotted on a P–T diagram (Fig. 6) with the XAl isopleths of Harley (2004). The systematic compositional varieties of orthopyroxene (based on Al2O3 content) discussed above are unique for the pelitic granulites of the studied area. A comparable study of compositional variation depending on textural association of orthopyroxene has also been reported from a pelitic granulite at Ganguvarpatti in southern India (Sajeev, Osanai & Santosh, 2004; Tamashiro et al. 2004).
6.c Ternary feldspar geothermometer
Recent petrological studies on UHT metamorphic rocks identify feldspars with exsolution texture as an important indicator of the minimum temperatures of UHT metamorphism (e.g. Hokada, 2001; Harley, 2004, 2008). In this study, we applied ternary feldspar geothermometry using mesoperthite and perthite in pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneisses to obtain near-peak metamorphic temperatures. The calculation technique involves the determination of early single-phase feldspar and the application of the thermometer following the method described by Hokada (2001). Examples of mesoperthite and perthite grains applied for the temperature estimates are shown in Figure 7 as a ternary An–Ab–Or diagram with plots of the compositions of host plagioclase and lamellar K-feldspar, together with early single-phase feldspar inferred from host–lamella volume proportions estimated from back-scattered images (e.g. Fig. 4h). Compositions of host and lamella phases are confirmed to be homogeneous within single mesoperthite and perthite grains.
Using the ternary feldspar geothermometer of Fuhrman & Lindsley (1988), we obtained a temperature range of about 950–1050°C for the mesoperthite formation. The results are consistent with those obtained from Al-in-orthopyroxene geothermometers.
6.d Garnet–cordierite geothermobarometers
As cordierite is obviously a product of retrograde metamorphism in the present rocks, this geothermometer mostly provides the post-peak conditions. Compositional data of rim garnet and corona cordierite were applied for the calculation. Several calibrations are available for this thermometer, although most of them yielded unusually low estimates as compared with the temperature estimates from other assemblages discussed in earlier sections. For example, the experimental geothermometer of Perchuk & Lavrent'eva (1983) and experimentally calibrated geothermometer of Nichols, Berry & Green (1992) gave temperature ranges of 650–660°C and 720–740°C, respectively, at 5 kbar when applied to the assemblage in sample MD6-1G. We also attempted pressure estimations using the garnet–cordierite–sillimanite–quartz geobarometer of Nichols, Berry & Green (1992) and obtained a pressure range of 4.6–5.3 kbar at 700°C. Obviously, these estimates correlate to the retrograde evolution of these rocks.
7 Discussion
7.a UHT metamorphism of the Rajapalaiyam area
Petrological data from the pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic granulites of Rajapalaiyam within the Madurai Block of southern India provide several lines of evidence which indicate that this region underwent extreme crustal metamorphism at UHT conditions. One robust piece of evidence is the sapphirine + quartz grain contact within porphyroblastic garnet in many of the pelitic and quartzo-feldspathic gneiss samples examined from this study area. This assemblage was first reported by Tateishi et al. (2004) from this area in a single sample, and is further confirmed in this study from more detailed examination of a large sample suite. The sapphirine is in textural equilibrium with quartz and both the minerals occur in sharp grain contact. Available phase equilibrium data suggest that sapphirine + quartz is stable at T > 1030°C at 9.5 kbar (Hensen & Green, 1973) or T > 1050°C at 11 kbar (Bertrand, Ellis & Green, 1991). Recent thermodynamic calculations in the KFMASH system also support the high-temperature nature of this assemblage (T > 1005°C: Kelsey et al. 2004; Kelsey, 2008). Similar sapphirine + quartz intergrowth enclosed in garnet has been reported from several granulite terranes such as In Ouzzal (Ouzegane & Boumaza, 1996), Highland Complex (Sajeev & Osanai, 2004) and Lützow Holm Complex (Yoshimura, Motoyoshi & Miyamoto, 2003) and in all cases, the association has been taken as clear evidence for peak UHT metamorphism.
Direct grain contact of spinel and inclusion quartz in sample MD6-2L2 (Fig. 4g) has also been regarded as evidence of UHT metamorphism (e.g. Hensen and Harley, 1990) at relatively high-pressure conditions. However, available experimental and thermodynamic data indicate that Zn in spinel extends the stability field of spinel + quartz toward higher pressure and/or lower temperature (e.g. Nichols, Berry & Green, 1992). Harley (2008) thus argues that the occurrence of spinel + quartz alone may not be diagnostic evidence of UHT metamorphism. As discussed in a previous chapter, the spinel grain associated with quartz has very low ZnO and Cr2O3 contents (< 0.33 and < 0.11 wt%, respectively) and therefore we consider this association as additional evidence of UHT metamorphism.
The high Al2O3 content of orthopyroxene (up to 10.3 wt%, sample MD6-2J) enclosed within garnet in pelitic granulite is an additional indicator of UHT peak metamorphism in this area. As the host garnet also contains the sapphirine + quartz assemblage, we consider that the orthopyroxene was occluded by garnet growth while the rock was in the stability field of sapphirine + quartz. This hypothesis is consistent with the estimated temperature conditions of T > 1000°C for the orthopyroxene. Available experimental data also support the high-T stability of Al-rich orthopyroxene (e.g. Hollis & Harley, 2003).
Further evidence of UHT metamorphism has been confirmed by ternary feldspar geothermometry of mesoperthite. As mesoperthite is a major constituent of the quartzo-feldspathic domain of the pelitic granulites of the present study, we consider the mineral to be useful for calculating the temperature of garnet-absent rocks. The computed temperatures (T = 900–950°C) are slightly lower than the temperature range from Al solubility in orthopyroxene and the stability field of sapphirine + quartz. Harley (2004) discussed this as a common feature where a ternary feldspar geothermometer generally yields a slightly lower temperature (about 100°C) than those estimated from the stability field of sapphirine and quartz. P–T conditions obtained independently from several conventional geothermometers further support the UHT peak metamorphism in this area. For example, the garnet–orthopyroxene geothermometer as calibrated by Lee & Ganguly (1988) yielded temperatures of up to 1000°C.
Combining the various lines of petrological evidence, we infer that the granulites in the Rajapalaiyam area within the southern part of the Madurai Block experienced T > 1000°C (at 8–10 kbar) UHT peak metamorphism. Our estimates are almost consistent with the available P–T data from the central and northern parts of the Madurai Block (e.g. Brown & Raith, 1996; Raith, Karmakar & Brown, 1997; Satish-Kumar, 2000; Sajeev, Osanai & Santosh, 2004; Tsunogae & Santosh, 2003; Koshimoto, Santosh & Tsunogae, 2004; Tamashiro et al. 2004; Santosh & Sajeev, 2006; Tsunogae et al. 2008b), suggesting that the entire Madurai Block underwent similar UHT metamorphism. Recent studies of relic minerals in garnet within UHT granulites from the northern Madurai Block along the Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone system led to the identification of high-Mg staurolite providing evidence for prograde high-pressure (P > 12 kbar) near-eclogite-facies metamorphism (e.g. Shimpo, Tsunogae & Santosh, 2006; Collins et al. 2007; Tsunogae et al. 2008b; Kanazawa et al. 2009). Such an indication of a prograde high-pressure event has not been traced from the present locality.
7.b P–T trajectory of the Rajapalaiyam area
A combination of detailed petrography on reaction textures and available data on petrogenetic grids is employed here to construct the exhumational P–T trajectory of the granulites from Rajapalaiyam. In this study, we adopted the revised petrogenetic grids of Kelsey (2008) in the FMAS system to construct a qualitative P–T path for this crustal segment (Fig. 8).
Prograde history of the Rajapalaiyam rocks is difficult to trace because most of the early mineral assemblages might have recrystallized at the peak UHT metamorphism at temperatures exceeding 1000°C. We therefore examined the inclusion minerals within garnet porphyroblasts. A spinel inclusion within sapphirine in equilibrium with quartz, which in turn is included in poikiloblastic garnet (sample MD6-2J; Fig. 4e), is an important key assemblage to infer the prograde P–T path. The texture suggests that the stability of spinel + quartz pre-dates that of sapphirine + quartz. Such an early spinel + quartz assemblage is probable because of the occurrence of direct grain contact of spinel and quartz in garnet in sample MD6-2E2 (Fig. 4g). The spinel–sapphirine–quartz association was first reported by Tsunogae & Santosh (2006) from the present locality and is further confirmed in this study, although Tsunogae & Santosh (2006) did not report direct contact of spinel + quartz (cf. Fig. 4g). Although the stability field of spinel + quartz is not present in the FMAS grid of Kelsey (2008) (Fig. 8), the mineral pair could be stable in the field of sapphirine + spinel + quartz, suggesting cooling from T ~ 1050°C or a pressure increase at around 1020–1040°C along an anticlockwise P–T path (Fig. 8). Although the possibility exists that the change of spinel + quartz to sapphirine + quartz may simply be due to a change of the chemical system, recent pseudosection-based analysis of similar textures from the UHT rocks in the Palaeoproterozoic khondalite belt of North China Craton has also yielded a well-defined anticlockwise exhumation path (Santosh et al. 2009b).
After the peak UHT metamorphism T > 1000°C, the rocks underwent near-isobaric cooling from the stability field of sapphirine + quartz + garnet to that of orthopyroxene + sillimanite (Fig. 8). One key mineral texture to infer the post-peak metamorphic history is an orthopyroxene + sillimanite corona around garnet in the matrix of quartz and mesoperthite in sample MD6-2K (Figs 3c, 4c). The texture suggests that, after the T > 1000°C peak metamorphism, the rock isobarically cooled at pressure above the spinel invariant point [Spl] in the FMAS petrogenetic grid (Fig. 8). As shown in Figure 6, the invariant point of [Spl] in the FMAS system corresponds to the P–T condition of 1050°C at 10.5 kbar (Harley, 2004). We therefore infer a stage of isobaric cooling at around > 10 kbar. In contrast, Kelsey et al. (2004) have calculated the position of [Spl] at about 6.5 kbar and 987°C using thermodynamic computations, in the case where the cordierite is regarded as anhydrous. However, the results of cordierite analysis indicate the possible presence of CO2/H2O in the mineral, suggesting that 6.5 kbar is a minimum pressure value. Independent pressure estimates for the garnet–orthopyroxene assemblage using the method of Moecher, Essene & Anovitz (1988) suggest a high-P condition of 9.6–11.3 kbar, which supports the location of the spinel invariant point at P > 9 kbar (Hensen & Harley, 1990; Harley, 2004, 2008). In Figure 8, isobaric cooling is tentatively inferred to be around 7.5 kbar, followed by decompression toward around 6.5 kbar at ~980°C, but the isobaric cooling could have probably taken place at P > 9 kbar.
Various corona textures surrounding porphyroblastic garnet have been documented in this study; these are mostly regarded as evidence of decompression following the higher-pressure peak conditions. Among them are orthopyroxene–cordierite, orthopyroxene–cordierite–spinel, orthopyroxene–sillimanite–sapphirine and sapphirine–orthopyroxene symplectites. Medium-grained aggregates of cordierite around garnet are also regarded as a typical decompression texture subsequent to the high-grade event (e.g. Harley, 1998). A garnet–cordierite–sillimanite–quartz assemblage records the lowest P–T condition of T = 650–750°C and P = 4.5–5.5 kbar, probably reflecting a retrograde stage. Our detailed petrological study of the Rajapalaiyam granulites thus suggests UHT metamorphism and a multistage exhumation history, which is consistent with previous reports from the central part of the Madurai Block (e.g. Sajeev, Osanai & Santosh, 2004; Tamashiro et al. 2004). Such an isobaric cooling path followed by decompression is consistent with the P–T trajectory obtained by XAl isopleths of orthopyroxene (Fig. 7).
7.c 'Hot orogens' during the Gondwana assembly
Petrological and geochronological data on granulite facies terranes from various parts of the world indicate that the formation of UHT rocks is associated with major plate tectonic processes, particularly continent–continent collision and subsequent extensional collapse attending the assembly of major supercontinents (e.g. Harley, 1989, 1998, 2004, 2008; Santosh et al. 2007; Santosh & Omori, 2008a, b; Brown, 2007; Kelsey, 2008). Recent fluid inclusion studies have revealed the occurrence of primary CO2-rich fluids trapped within the UHT minerals in various terranes (e.g. Tsunogae et al. 2002, 2008a; Tsunogae, Santosh & Dubessy, 2008; Santosh & Omori, 2008a; Santosh et al. 2008; Ohyama, Tsunogae & Santosh, 2008). Such CO2-rich fluids, probably derived from sub-lithospheric sources, have been considered to be instrumental in buffering the water activity and generating granulite facies assemblages at high- and ultrahigh-temperature conditions (e.g. Santosh & Omori, 2008a, b and references therein). An evaluation of the tectonic settings under which UHT rocks are generated using modern analogues shows that divergent tectonics, both post-collisional extension and rifting, play a crucial role, particularly in addressing the extreme thermal anomalies and the involvement of CO2 possibly liberated from a carbonated tectosphere (Santosh & Omori, 2008b). The collisional amalgamation of continents within a supercontinental assembly and the post-collisional extension account well for the generation of metamorphic rocks under extreme thermal conditions and their dry mineral assemblage buffered by CO2 flushed out from a decarbonating tectosphere. The subsequent extensional collapse is also reflected in a series of decompression textures as recorded in the rocks of the present study.
In a recent study, Santosh et al. (2009a) proposed a general two-fold classification of orogens based on thermal history and temporal constraints. Based on the thermal character, they grouped orogens over the globe into three major categories: cold, hot and ultra-hot orogens. Santosh et al. (2009a) also proposed two extreme cases of super-cold and super-hot orogens which are unrealistic in this planet. The mineral assemblages and P–T conditions recorded from the present study area in southern India provide a typical example for an ultra-hot orogen according to the above classification. Similar UHT metamorphic assemblages have been widely reported from Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian orogenic belts in different parts of the world (cf. Kelsey, 2008; Santosh & Omori, 2008a, b; Harley, 2008). This clearly suggests that the Pan-African orogeny witnessed the generation of several hot and ultra-hot orogens in a broad time span during Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian times. A recent plate tectonic perspective of the architecture of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian collisional orogens suggests a Pacific-type orogeny involving subduction and closure of the intervening ocean prior to exhumation and final Himalayan-type collisional suturing (Santosh, Maruyama & Sato, 2009), which probably account for the anticlockwise P–T paths recorded from metamorphic mineral assemblages including the present study. The detailed characterization of hot orogens in Gondwana fragments constitutes an important theme for future research in understanding the crustal evolution history during this important time span in Earth history.
We express our sincere thanks to the late Prof. A. S. Janardhan and Ms Preetha Warrier for valuable field support. We also thank the staff at Gondwana Research Office in Trivandrum for their helpful support. Ms Keiko Tateishi is acknowledged for her effort on thin-section preparation, and Dr N. Nishida for his assistance on microprobe analyses. T. Tsunogae thanks the Geology Department of the University of Johannesburg, and M. Santosh thanks Kochi University (Japan) for facilities and support. This is a contribution to the Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Sports, Culture, Science and Technology to Tsunogae (Nos 17340158, 20340148) and Santosh (No. 17403013), and JSPS-INSA Joint Research Program (No. BDD20023).
- Received August 26, 2008.
- Accepted January 27, 2009.


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Fellows by Category
Through training in and support for management information systems, Jasmine Aguilar is enabling rural citizens' groups in Mexico to draw lessons from their work and develop long-term strategies by expanding their access to information about their own and one another's programs and successes.
Luis Aguilar is reviving rural Guatemalan villages socially, culturally, and economically by creating and maintaining a platform for communication between the communities and their emigrant family members abroad. This platform also facilitates remittances to create jobs in the communities and catalyzes migrant-sponsored development projects...
Costa Rica
José Miguel Aguilar Berrocal founded the Fundación Acción Joven (Foundation for Youth Action), a Costa Rican citizen organization that allows university students to fulfill required community service hours through specially designed projects in public secondary schools.
El Salvador
María Eugenia Aguilar helps young Salvadoran people apply native knowledge and skills to modern business, instilling pride in indigenous culture and preserving community ties.
Using volunteers trained in clown techniques, improvisation, and communication skills, Andrés Aguilar is promoting a culture of volunteerism and civic engagement throughout Mexico.
Asserting long-standing but disregarded environmental protection legislation, Gustavo Alanis presents the Mexican citizen sector, government, industry, and everyday citizens with the tools and training to get involved, clean up, and protect the natural resources of Mexico.
When Guadalupe was told that her small son had leukemia, she came face to face with the tragedy of children with cancer. She was brought into contact with children suffering from the disease whose families, unlike her own, were unable to pay for treatment. Almost immediately, Guadalupe began to fight for these children, forcing Mexican society...
Alito Alessi is breaking the walls of isolation and creating opportunities for positive and visible interactions between people with and without disabilities through his dance program, DanceAbility.
In an urban, border environment pervaded by broken dreams of a better life in the United States, where the best prospect most young people can hope for is employment in the maquiladora factories on the U.S.-Mexico border. Teresa Almada is developing a new approach to the prevention and treatment of drug abuse among adolescents.
Guillermo Alonso is developing a culture of regard for children's rights by building cooperation among citizens' organizations who work on their behalf and incorporating children directly into communities' decision-making processes in southeastern Mexico.
Eduardo Alva Quintero is spreading his model for workers' cooperatives among unemployed workers, like those in the fish industry, who have lost their jobs as a result of the official privatization/ modernization policies of the Mexican Government. Eduduardo is incorporating social awarness campaigns in his organizing efforts by also promoting...
Georgina Gutiérrez first confronted the horror of HIV when her husband was diagnosed with the virus in 1988, but it was only when he was sent to prison four years later that she became aware of the sub-human way in which infected prisoners are dealt with in Mexican penitentiaries. Since then she has been developing the first program in Latin...


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To me it's not that important at all. I mean, I wouldn't date an actor or someone in a band, I wouldn't date a model or stripper. Those are jobs that I don't think I could handle, depending on the details. What I mean by not important is I don't care if he's a garbage man, works at a fast food restaurant or cuts hair for a living, I would still want him. All I care about is that he's doing something.
Extra questions
Do you care if he/she has a college degree or not?
What about if they're a high school dropout but have a job?
Is there a job that would turn you off of a potential lover?
What standards do they need to meet in success for you to date them?
The poll for short and sweet answers. =)
- The person I date needs to be very successful, and make good money.Vote A
- I don't care about the job they have, at least they have one.Vote B
- I'm not picky on the job, but there are some jobs I can think of I would have a problem with. / example?Vote C
- OtherVote D
Most Helpful Guy
I do care about her job. For some reason that even I don't understand, I really want her to be either in a STEM field or graduated with a STEM degree. If there's no STEM somewhere, I'm not so pulled.
Do you care if he/she has a college degree or not?
What about if they're a high school dropout but have a job?
I don't care, my project manager is a high school dropout who makes over $100K
Is there a job that would turn you off of a potential lover?
Early Education.
What standards do they need to meet in success for you to date them?
I don't define success by income but rather by skill. I've known really really bright people in minimum wage jobs and met absolute retards in the workplace.
P. S I don't necessarily put a heavy amount of emphasis on this. Like I wouldn't kill any interaction with a girl because she's in early education. It's definitely negative points in my book but if she gets more positive points in other areas, then that's a keeper.11|00|0
Most Helpful Girl
call me shallow idc
he gotta be in the same level as me or higher when it comes to education, job and social standards.
Now a college degree or school drop out it depends... I know people that did so and ended up brilliant. self thought people are amazing to chat with...
but of course I won t be too keen on someone being a garbage man or working as waiter. At least for it not to be his long goal. Ambition is impo in live, keeps you motivated.11|00|0


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Principal: Linda Boyd
Mrs. Russell's Math Class
to Mrs. Russell's Web page for the 2015-2016 school year! I teach
Special Curriculum Math for Grades 4 and 5 as well provide Math Support
for Grades 1-5. The 4th and 5th grade pull-out math program is a
replacementmath class for the high-ability math students at South
School. Our class meets daily in the Special Curriculum Room during each
grade's scheduled math time.
Grade 4~11:15am-12:15pm
Grade 5~ 12:55pm-1:55pm
Supplies Needed for class include 1 spiral bound graph paper notebook and a pencil. (Please let me know if you have difficulty finding the graph paper notebook).
Homework is assigned
each day Monday-Thursday and on an occasional Friday. The children are
responsible for completing each assignment as it reinforces the concepts
taught in class that day, and allows me to check for understanding.
I am looking forward to an exciting year filled with creative, stimulating and challenging math activities.
I can be reached via email at email@example.com or by phone
432-6956 x5123.


text:
Christopher Holewski makes stencils. He's been creating artwork using stencils for many years, and developed a great love for designing stencils, x-acto knives, and spray paint.
The name Manual Designs was chosen for its dual meaning. It referes to the manual transmission of a car, as well as the manual labor that is put into making every single print.
Check a few of the prints below:


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author pages for Laer
fan of
friend of
- Two interesting FEM TV COMEDY SHOWS
- GIANT ROCKETS – a new generation
- New ERIC FLINT book available – The Alexander Inheritance
- Fabulous Netflix show STRANGER THINGS season 2 done & scheduled
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- X-37B MINI SPACE SHUTTLE drone lands
- ALL SYSTEMS RED: great new SF by Martha Wells
- Kate Beckinsale's UNDERWORLD: BLOOD WARS surprisingly watchable
- I want what SEVEN OF NINE had!
- SUPERHERO BELLE from Beauty and the Beast
- PERILOUS WAIF – great military SF
- ELL DONSAII stories, a fun series by Laurance Dahner
- Great new CASTAWAYS IN TIME book
- Great read – FRONTIER MAGIC by Patricia Wrede
- JENNIFER LAWRENCE: "Embrace 'new normal' body type."
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- The romantic TANGO VALS
- Tango MILONGA: Sebastian Arce & Mariana Montes
- more EMILY BLUNT and ANNE HATHAWAY lip-sync battle
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- REAL GENIUSES: What are they Like?
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Tag Archives: Star Trek
I want what SEVEN OF NINE had!
Recently people have started having radio ID chips surgically implanted. Stupid. You have to undergo surgery, which is dangerous even at its most innocuous. To upgrade you need more surgery. To fix problems yet more surgery. Worst, you can be … Continue reading
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Fwd: [CAST] Fwd: Caribbean Hotel Energy Efficiency Action Programme - Advanced Programme ( CHENACT AP) DUE August 3rd.
Expand Messages
- ---------- Forwarded message ----------From: chenactproject@...
Subject: Caribbean Hotel Energy Efficiency Action Programme - Advanced Programme ( CHENACT AP)
Date: July 11, 2013 5:57:29 PM EDT
Apologies for cross posting
Institution: Inter-American Development Bank
Country: Caribbean Region
Project: Caribbean Hotel Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Action – Advanced Programme
Sector: Energy
Abstract: The Consultancy will finance a series of studies and activities that encourage the implementation of energy efficiency (EE) practices, micro generation (MG) with renewable energy (RE) and the bundling of Carbon Emission Reductions from Hotel Industry into one single package (Programme of Activities (POA) within the Caribbean hotel sector.
Grant No.: ATN/OC-12926-RG
Contract/Bid No.: CHENACT-AP/01
Deadline: 03.08.2013
The Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), through and with the Technical and Operational support of the Caribbean Hotel and Tourism Association (CHTA) and the Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism (CAST) has received financing from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and it intends to apply part of the proceeds to payments for consulting services.
The consulting services ("the Services") will include:
(i) Performance of energy audits and Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) elimination audits in selected hotels in Jamaica, The Bahamas and other Caribbean Countries, on the basis of the criteria and EE audit protocol that was developed for Barbados in CHENACT´s first phase, including the likelihood of RE self-generation options and power sell/purchase to the grid;
(ii) Development of a Baseline and a Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) Plan to monitor the energy savings and CO2 emission reductions of the Hotels which were analyzed in (i);
(iii) Preparation of a study to analyze existing financial instruments and/or to determine the size and governance of new instruments, including recommendations regarding the potential entities that could manage the new instruments (e.g. replicability of the Barbados Smart Fund in each country);
(iv) Based on the Energy and ODS Audits developed in (i) preparation of financial proposals to access the financing instruments identified in (iii);
(v) Support the preparation of policy and legislation in EE for the hotel sector in Jamaica, The Bahamas and other Caribbean countries;
(vi) Design, develop and oversee the implementation of pilot/demonstration program(s) in Jamaica and The Bahamas and/or other Caribbean countries;
(vii) Development of an Institutional Plan for the Stakeholders of the CHENACT-AP Programme and support capacity building through training and workshops;
(viii) Development of a PoA for the implementation of EE and RE in the Caribbean Hotel Industry, which will bundle the potential CERs (Carbon Emission Reductions) of the Caribbean Hotel industry into a single CDM-PoA-DD (Clean Development Mechanism - Programme of Activities - Design Document) and;
(ix) Development of a RE and EE NAMA for each of the countries involved in the Programme which will lead into the further development of a Regional Appropriate Mitigation Action (RAMA ) for the Hotel Sector in the Caribbean.
The Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), with the Technical and Operational support of the Caribbean Hotel and Tourism Association (CHTA) and the Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism (CAST) now invites eligible consulting firms ("Consultants") to indicate their interest in providing the Services. Interested Consultants should provide information demonstrating that they have the required qualifications and relevant experience to perform the Services.
Short lists shall comprise six firms with a wide geographic spread, with no more than two firms from any one country.
Consultants will be selected in accordance with the procedures set out in the Inter-American Development Bank: Policies for the Selection and Contracting of Consultants financed by the Inter-American Development Bank GN-2350-9 and is open to all eligible bidders as defined in the policies.
For the purpose of establishing the short list, the nationality of a firm is that of the country in which it is legally incorporated.
Consultants will be selected in accordance with the Quality and Cost-Based Selection (QCBS) method set out in the Policies for the Selection and Contracting of Consultants financed by the Inter-American Development Bank..
Further information can be obtained at the e-mail address and telephone numbers below.
Expressions of interest must be delivered by e-mail, no more than 2mb of copy by 03.08.13.
Attn: Loreto Duffy-Mayers,
Regional Programme Manager, CHENACT-AP
CHTA Office
4th Avenue
St. Michael
Tel:, (246)4206510, (246) 4265041
Cell: (246) 233-7849
E-mail: chenactap@...
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


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What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Unclear behavior of the Submit Button causing duplicate submissionsAsked by SunbridgeInstitute on January 25, 2016 at 02:22 PM
I have had this situation on two different forms in the last two days:
If a person clicks the submit button and there is a delay, then the Submit button has not changed in any way to indicate that it was clicked, causing the user to think that it did not work, and so they click it again, resulting in two submissions (and two payments!).
Because of this, I have a question and a suggestion:
Can I add something to the submit button that says "Please click only ONCE"?
Can Jotform add in some kind of internal functionality to deal with this automatically? For example, maybe the Submit button changes color immediately upon clicking, so that the user knows that the click was successful?
Thank you for helping me with this issue.
JotForm Support
This is the behavior your button has, the message says "Please wait...":
You can change that warning, please check this guide: http://www.jotform.com/help/61-How-to-Change-Form-Warnings
Also, we have a feature to avoid multiple submissions, please check this guide: http://www.jotform.com/help/64-How-to-Set-Unique-Submissions-on-a-Form
Let us know if you need more help, we will be glad to assist you.
Thank you for these options. I will set up the "avoid multiple submissions." By the way, this "please wait" thing is not working--I spoke to one of the users and she said that the button still said "Submit" even after she clicked, and this is why she clicked again. But I'm glad there's another workaround.
Thanks again!
JotForm Support
Great to know the workaround provided by our colleague worked.
Now if the form is submitted and your user tries to submit it again, then he/she will receive a message indicating that the form has been already submitted.
Do not hesitate to contact us, we will be glad to assist you.
Do you mean that, now that I've changed the settings, my users will get a warning message when trying to submit a second time? I'm not sure I'm understanding.
JotForm Support
Yes, your users will receive a message now when they try to submit your form a second time.


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4154 Whitetail Lane, Hamilton 49419
See more homes for sale in Hamilton, MI
This property has been Sold!
07/20/2016 at $329,900
This is the Hamilton beauty you've been waiting for! A definite must see nestled on 2 quiet wooded acres with a large pole barn. This beautiful property adjoins Allegan State Game land on 2 sides surrounding you with abundant wild life and nature views. The moment you arrive, you will see this home has been meticulously maintained and cared for. Neat as a pin with space galore among 3 floors with 4 bedrooms, 2 1/2 baths, main floor master suite, new bamboo floor, main floor laundry, and convenient mudroom with built in cabinets for storage. An inviting entry foyer has a staircase leading to the upper level where you'll find 2 bedrooms and a full bath. The living room has soaring ceilings, and beautiful fireplace. The 3 season room located off the kitchen/dining area has views of nature out
Property Information
- Status
- Sold
- Address
- 4154 Whitetail Lane
- City
- Hamilton
- Zip
- 49419
- County
- Allegan
- Township
- Heath Twp
- Total Finished SqFt
- 3,006
- Above Grade SqFt
- 1,806
- Garage Desc.
- 2, Attached
- Water
- Well
- Sewer
- Septic System
- Year Built
- 1993
- Taxes
- $4,291
Rooms and Land
- MasterBedroom
- 12X12 1st Floor
- Bedroom2
- 12X14 2nd Floor
- Bedroom3
- 12X12 2nd Floor
- Bedroom4
- 12X13 Lower Floor
- Bath
- 11X9 1st Floor
- Den
- 7X12 Lower Floor
- Dining
- 12X10 1st Floor
- Family
- 10X15 Lower Floor
- Kitchen
- 12X12 1st Floor
- Laundry
- 8X8 1st Floor
- Living
- 16X20 1st Floor
- Other
- 12X10 1st Floor
- Rec
- 26X20 Lower Floor
- Basement
- Daylight, Full Basement
- Cooling
- Central
- Heating
- Electric, Forced Air, Geothermal, Heat Pump
- Acreage
- 2.0
- Lot Dimensions
- 214 x 406
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Microwave, Range
- Fireplace Desc.
- Living
- Features
- All Window Treatments, Ceiling Fans, Ceramic Floor, Garage Door Opener, Whirlpool Tub, Wood Floor
- Exterior Materials
- Vinyl
- Exterior Features
- 3 Season Room, Deck(s)
Listing Video for 4154 Whitetail Lane, Hamilton MI 49419
Mortgage Calculator
Listing Broker
Listing Courtesy of Coldwell Banker Woodland Schmidt Saugatuck
Office Address 2987 Blue Star Hwy Po Box 2717
Listing Agent Kimberly Laaksonen
Listings last updated: . Some properties that appear for sale on this web site may subsequently have been sold and may no longer be available.
Our Michigan real estate agents can answer all of your questions about 4154 Whitetail Lane, Hamilton MI 49419. Real Estate One, Max Broock Realtors, and J&J Realtors are part of the Real Estate One Family of Companies and dominate the Hamilton, Michigan real estate market. To sell or buy a home in Hamilton, Michigan, contact our real estate agents as we know the Hamilton, Michigan real estate market better than anyone with over 100 years of experience in Hamilton, Michigan real estate for sale.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site appears in part from the IDX programs of our Multiple Listing Services. Real Estate listings held by brokerage firms other than Real Estate One includes the name and address of the listing broker where available.
IDX information is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumers may be interested in purchasing.
All information deemed materially reliable but not guaranteed. Interested parties are encouraged to verify all information. Copyright© 2017 MichRIC LLC, All rights reserved.


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The hotel is on one of the quietest streets in the Hanoi Old Quarter, and it offers a nice blend of modern and traditional architecture with windows looking out onto the street and filling guests' eyes with the sights of Vietnam's capital city. The city hotel is equipped with a modern lift system, and has 32 luxurious rooms fitted with all the necessary amenities. Guests will feel as if they were at home and they can enjoy the perfect holiday with the assistance of the multilingual staff, which is on hand to assist with anything guests may need. Renovated in 2011, the city hotel is fully air-conditioned and welcomes its guests in a lobby with 24-hour reception and check-out services, a hotel safe, currency exchange facilities, and a cloakroom. There is also a hairdressing salon, games room, TV lounge, caf� and a restaurant. Guests may also take advantage of the Internet access, room and laundry services, a car park and a bicycle hire service.
The hotel is conveniently located in the Old Quarter on the western side of Hoan Kiem Lake with its many surrounding attractions, such as the Water Puppet Theatre, the Trang Tien shopping centre and several temples. It takes just a few minutes to walk from the hotel to the lake, and it benefits from being much quieter at night. There are several good restaurants, cafes and eating places nearby. Also situated close to the hotel are several markets, which offer a wide range of products at very reasonable prices. Ha Long is approximately 2 hours' drive from Hanoi and Noibai International Airport is some 40 km from the hotel.
Guest rooms are equipped with an en suite bathroom with shower and bathtub, a double bed, free wireless Internet access, grooming accessories, complimentary fruits and flowers, a minibar and tea and coffee making facilities. Individually regulated air conditioning and heating, satellite TV and a DVD player, an in-room safe, telephone, radio and a kitchenette with mini fridge and microwave also feature in all rooms as standard. There is a chair and table, and some rooms also come with a spacious balcony.
The hotel provides free in-room Internet and free travel information.
The hotel provides a complimentary full European and Asian breakfast, free daily tea and a free fruit basket.
American Express, Diners Club, JCB, MasterCard and VISA are accepted as methods of payment.
The hotel is located near the western boundary of the Hoan Kiem District, which extends southwards from the historic Long Bien Bridge to Le Van Huu Road running west to east at its southern limit. It is within easy reach of the Ga Ha Noi railway station. Although Noibai International Airport is some 40 km from the hotel, it is easily reached by taxi.
The hotel is committed to providing an excellent service to all customers and its objective is to ensure that all customers around the world enjoy a hassle-free online reservation and travel experience.
Room Facilities:
Direct dial telephone
Satellite cable TV
HiFi stereo system
Internet access
Mini fridge
Tea Coffee
Double bed
Central airconditioned
Individual airconditioned
Central heating
Individual heating


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Report summaryThe Sub-Sahara Upstream Data Dashboard provides a snapshot of the latest data on licensing, drilling, discoveries, development, production, corporate and M&A activity. It will help you track recent activity and be aware of what's going on this month.
What's included?
This report includes 1 file(s)
- Sub-Saharan Africa Upstream Data Dashboard: June 2015 PDF - 670.94 KB 3 Pages, 0 Tables, 1 Figures


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A6: Set To Reopen Before Schools Go Back
A6 Set To Re-Open Early September
The Environment Agency is warning life-belts along the River Nene is being vandalised so frequently, not every piece of kit will be replaced.
The warning comes after a 15 year-old boy died at the Woodford Lock in Northamptonshire during the week - his body was found at around 3 o'clock on Tuesday afternoon after he and some friends got into difficulty whilst swimming in the water during the hot weather.
The Environment Agency have told Heart: "It is a sad fact that Woodford lock is one of the worst vandalised locks within the River Nene system. In one year alone we had to replace the lifebelt 10 times, almost every time we inspected the lock. On at least one occasion the belt and its stand were set on fire.
We will replace lifebelts a number of times (our guidance is three times in six months although we often replace them more often) when we stop replacing them as they can no longer be seen to be effective safety tools because they are missing for a considerable amount of time.
At 17 out of 38 locks along the River Nene from Northampton to Peterborough we have stopped replacing lifebelts because of wanton vandalism.
We place lifebelts at our locks for the use of boaters who may fall into the water when getting on and off their boats. According to RoSPA, such safety devices need to be within 50m of where they are needed.
Where lifebelts are repeatedly destroyed, stolen or lost down the river they can no longer be seen as useful in rescue attempts.
If there is an expectation that there will be lifebelts at a site people come to rely on it and when they are missing they are unprepared.
We want to be able to continue to offer potential life-saving devices to boaters and would welcome the help of any communities willing to take a day-to-day interest in their local lock to help reduce vandalism.
Their help would also be valuable in keeping youngsters safe by talking to them about the dangers of swimming too close to potential undercurrents from locks and the dangers of jumping into unknown conditions in the water."
A6 Set To Re-Open Early September
New Firm To Operate On West Coast Mainline By Christmas
Operator begins to more rigorously enforce railway bylaws
NHS to talk to Lakeside+ about continuing to operate after Sept 30th
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CHANGING4ME49's Blogs
Hell Have No Fury Like My DH and Daughter
Tuesday, November 13, 2012 10 comments
I refused to type up a paper for the husband today. He has gotten himself into a legal financial tight spot regarding a credit card which has been on going for 3 years. He has now been subpoenaed. I have offered him my advice, help and support u...
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Weigh In
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Can't believe there is only 7 weeks left until the end of the year. This ye...
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ME From A-Z
Monday, November 12, 2012 5 comments
Just for FUN on this dark and rainy Monday morning. A. Age: 54 B. Bed size: King C. Chore that you hate: Cleaning the cat box. D. Dogs: 1 Brown Lab, Cinnamon aka Meme the Runaway Dog (she is overly friendly and if loose she...
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Thank You!
Wednesday, November 07, 2012 11 comments
I have been notified by email that I have been nominated a Sparkpeople Motivator. OMG! WOW!! I am not only shocked but very pleasantly so. I still can't believe it! In fact I think I have bruises from pinching myself. ...
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Oh How I Enjoy A Good Sale
Saturday, November 03, 2012 7 comments
DH and I picked up some great deals Thursday at Michaels and Target (Halloween Clearance). 1 large inflatable ghost display $24.99 (originally $49.99) 3 sets of pumpkin lights to line the sidewalk - $6 each (originally $12 each) 3 se...
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Last Night Was A SpOOktacular Success
Thursday, November 01, 2012 8 comments
43 trick or treaters braved the frigid cold last night to celebrate Halloween. Rewarded them with an extra handful of candy. What was especially nice was all the amazing compliments we received on our yard diplay from the children, teens and par...
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Happy Halloween!
Wednesday, October 31, 2012 11 comments
Wishing everyone a fun and safe day/ night. Not sure how the weather the pass couple of days will affect the trick or treaters tonight. It will only be cold here. The rain and wind has stopped and the snow has melted in our area. I know having n...
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Weekend Highlights
Sunday, October 28, 2012 4 comments
So Friday I receive a call from my grandson asking if I would pick him up another pumpkin on the way over to his house because the one he carved at our house last weekend has rotted. So a little while later DH and I brought him the pumpkin he re...
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Upcoming Plans
Friday, October 26, 2012 3 comments
I enjoyed my day of rest yesterday even though I had a time of it sleep wise again last night. Guess I'm still a bit wired and not able to fully let go enough to sleep well. Hopefully this evening will help with that. DH spoke to our daughter la...
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Weigh In
Tuesday, October 23, 2012 5 comments
Dropped 2 lbs this week. I am really happy with that but had a very rough day and night yesterday. Turned out to be a horrible in fact. One word: DAUGHTER. Cried most of it. I have laid low the last few weeks concerning her yet still she finds s...
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Happy Monday!
Monday, October 22, 2012 5 comments
Toe is still out of commission as far as sneakers go. Nevertheless I'll find other things to do besides walking for exercise. No worries! Might try some chair exercise to get in some fitness minutes until my toe is better. Weigh in is tomorrow. ...
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Best Laid Plans
Sunday, October 21, 2012 6 comments
sometimes just don't work out. I went to put on my walking shoes yesterday so that I could begin a regular walking routine. However my injured toe had other plans entirely. Seems I can only wear my flats somewhat comfortably if I absolutely have...
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What A Difference A Day Makes
Saturday, October 20, 2012 8 comments
Friday was a much better day. Thankfully the dark cloud of misadventures over my head moved on. Hopefully it has went far far away. Took the day to rest up from my busy week. In retrospect that is probably something I should have done on Thursda...
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Some Days Should Come With A Warning
Friday, October 19, 2012 11 comments
Ever have one of those days, the ones where EVERYTHING seems to go WRONG! Well, I certainly did yesterday. Getting up first thing in the morning I ran smack into a wall trying to avoid stepping on one of my cats on the way to the bathroom....
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PUMPKINS For The Grandson
Thursday, October 18, 2012 11 comments
It's been a CRAZY day so far but I finally finished some pumpkins I painted for the grandson. Thought I would share.
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text: Hello everyone, I'm new to the forum and new to flying and I have a problem. Gee sounds like AA. When I press return to home, only once out of 3 times has it returned to the spot it took off from. When I started flying I have a full bar gps lock, I set the location to where the quad is taking off from (not the remote location) and away I go. So my question is, should it return exactly to the start location or can it be out up to 10 meters? I live in remote Australia and was flying on a golf course near no buildings. Firmware is the latest 220.127.116.11.


text:
Need minor clothing alterations!
I am looking for someone to make a few minor alterations on a pair of pants I bought recently -- namely,
1. Taking in the waist using darts (or something so that I can let it out if needed);
2. Adding a hook closure to the top of the zipper; and
3. Re-affixing the zipper (zipper is not broken, just not properly attached).
All very simple sewing stuff -- I'm just not any good at it!
I'm located in DC and could work with anyone in the DMV area (though if it's pretty far from the city, I might ask that they be done in one day so I don't have to make two trips).
Thanks friends!
Reviews of Caitlin
Colleen received unit of I'll send a vintage postcard! from CaitlinSep 12, 2016
Jerico received unit of I'll send a vintage postcard! from CaitlinSep 09, 2016
Abby-Dale received unit of I'll send a vintage postcard! from CaitlinAug 29, 2016
About Caitlin Partridge
Hello! I'm a woman-of-many-trades based in Washington, D.C. Among other things, I am an actor, writer, editor, Shakespeare specialist, dramaturg, database administrator, crochet-er, gardener, manicuri...st, cook, home designer, pet-/house-/child-sitter, and lover of books and old things. show moreOpen to other proposals
Caitlin Partridge is looking for:
- Music & Audio
- Experiences
- Fun & Quirky
- Home
- Fitness
- Learning
- Business
- Art & Design


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
Upgrade for one month only?Asked by sommarfotboll on March 23, 2016 at 02:05 PM
Can we buy the service for only one month? We are a non-profit football club in Hjärup, outside Lund. Every year we have this summercamp with 160 kids. Thats why the 100 answers is not enough. We don´t have the money to pay $21 monthly. Is this possible to just pay one month.
Elias Larsson
Uppåkra IFSincerely
JotForm Support
Yes that is possible, you can subscribed or purchased on of our paid subscription plan then cancel it. It should automatically set your account to downgrade to "Free" plan on the next billing date.
Here's an example:
1. You upgraded to Bronze monthly ($19/month) this March 23, 2016.
2. You are initially charged with $19 for the 1 month of service.
3. You can then cancel the subscription anytime by switching to "Free" plan.
4. Now because you have already paid initially for a month, your account will remain in Bronze.
5. After you cancel or initiate a downgrade to "Free" plan, your account will be scheduled to downgrade on the next billing date, in your case, it would be around April 23/24, 2016. You will not be billed for the succeeding months then.
I hope that helps. Do let us know if you have further questions on this.


text:
AASW social media
The AASW is using social media as a platform to communicate with members, social workers, the media, policy makers and members of the general public. We use it to distribute information including AASW media releases, publications, submissions, campaigns, CPD activities and opportunities, and to encourage discussion about issues relating to the profession and social justice.
AASW social media feeds are managed by the Social Policy and Communications team in accordance with the AASW Social Media Guidelines.
Twitter allows us to write short messages (tweets) on our page and respond to others in the social justice space. Follow @AASW_
The AASW Facebook page allows us to share information and connect with people. People who like the AASW page will get updates in their News Feed. Follow www.facebook.com/TheAASW/
AASW shares CPD and other videos on Vimeo. Visit our Vimeo page
Things to consider with participating in AASW social media
More information on our social media presence is available in our AASW Social Media Guidelines
The Social Policy and Communications team will update and monitor the account Monday to Friday 9am to 5pm AEST.
The AASW will follow relevant news outlets, journalists, publications and industry organisations and government departments.
Will you respond to my messages?
The Social Policy and Communications team will read all messages and @ replies. Where possible, we will respond.. Specific messages relating to AASW policy and procedures will be directed to the relevant people within the AASW. We welcome feedback to ensure our content meets the needs of our followers.
Contacting the AASW
Visit our Contact Us page or phone the National Office on 02 6199 5000.