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THE current head coach of Melbourne Heart football club, John van't Schip has suggested a boycott of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia following the downing of the Malaysia Airlines flight MH17.
The former Dutch international and Ajax player was clearly angry at the devastation wrought upon his home country, which lost 192 people and his new home, Australia, which lost dozens of citizens and residents.
It is the first public call for action, after the Dutch were utterly stunned at the sheer extent of their losses, which included whole families — three in one town of Hilversum — and a family of six in Neerkant. It also follows increasing angst about the disrespect shown to the victims and their possessions by the rebel soldiers in the area.
This morning Van't Schip called on the Dutch government, FIFA and the KNVB to boycott in a Dutch message on his Twitter feed.
It had an immediate response with the idea re-tweeted more than 3000 times in an hour.
The message said: "I say call KNVB, Dutch government and FIFA to boycott!".
He added hashtags referencing FIFA, the world cup 2018 and MH17.
Ik zeg oproep aan @KNVB Ned. Regering en #FIFA om #WK2018 in Rusland te #boycotten!! #MH017— john van't schip (@johnvantschip7) July 20, 2014
Dutch Town Mourns Couple Killed in MH17 Tragedy1:23
A day after Malaysian Airlines Flight 17 crashed in eastern Ukraine, killing 298 people, the small Dutch town of Volendam paid their respects to Cor Schilder and Neeltje Tol, two of their own killed in the tragedy.
Comment below: do you think Russia should lose the right to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup?
Originally published as 'Boycott 2018 World Cup in Russia'


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If you are a licensor or agent, exhibiting at Brand Licensing Europe will connect you with the right licensees and retailers who can take your brand, character or artwork onto new and different product ranges. Over 300 Brand Owners and agents exhibited at Brand Licensing Europe 2016. They walked away from the show with leads and deals worth millions of pounds in product sales and royalties.
Exhibit at Brand Licensing Europe if you own or represent:
Character & Entertainment rights
Sport clubs or brands
Fashion & Lifestyle brands
Image libraries
Heritage & not for profit organisations
Artwork or designs
TV & Film production rights
Book & magazine rights
CD & computer games rights

subset: commoncrawl


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People from Moldava prepare many dishes using corn. The traditional Moldavian dish called mamaliga is made of water, salt and corn flour. The corn is also used in soups and garnishes, it is boiled and baked. The vegetables play an important role in Moldavian cuisine. Garnishes and independent dishes are prepared from them. Vegetables are often boiled, baked, stuffed, stewed and salted, and rarely fried. The most appreciated vegetables in Moldavian cuisine are green beans, lentil, tomatoes, sweet pepper, eggplants, vegetable marrows, potatoes, onions and garlic. People from Moldava also consume a lot of milk products like yoghurt, milk cream, cheese in various forms and animal products such as eggs. In the eastern side of Moldova, cabbage pies is the most common dish, cabbage pies are prepared after a Slavic method of salting and souring.
This category has only the following subcategory.
- [+] Moldovan Recipes (8 C, 35 P)
Pages in category "Moldovan Cuisine"
This category contains only the following page.


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Continente: África. (Copy)
Aspectos generales del continente africano: Límites, regiones, geografía, clima, principales ríos, economía, recursos, demografía y religión. Incluye taller de preguntas.
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Greetings! Welcome to the newest challenge over at Fashionable Stamping Challenge where the theme this time, selected by our own Dot Leathbridge, is "All About Inkiness." I hope that you will pop on over and check out all the samples created for you by the Design Team and then be inspired to create a piece of your own to share with us. One lucky participant will receive a stamp from our generous vendor, Ink Art Designs. Please remember though, that we are a stamp challenge, so stamping needs to be front and center, the focal image of your project.
For my own piece, I began by spritzing a water color panel with various shades of Distress Ink. Next I stamped Distress Oxides on a craft mat, spritzed with water and then dragged it through the inkiness. More background was built up with stamps and more Distress Oxides and doodling with a white Gel Pen. The focal images by Tim Holtz for Stampers Anonymous were stamped with Catherine Pooler ink, trimmed and adhered to the panel after adding some washi tape to ground the images.
Thanks so much for stopping by. I look forward to seeing what you create! Hugs, Yvonne


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The mission of the CSM is to assist students with the Developmental Math sequence and prepare them for college level courses.
- Our Goals:
- To help each student maximize his / her potential in the classroom.
- To facilitate student's insights into learning and learning processes.
- To empower our students to become lifelong learners.
- To help our students prepare for life beyond Richland.
- We strongly believe:
- Math coaches and tutors play a vital role in assisting students as they work toward achieving their academic goals.
- Every person can learn new processes and acquire new information.
- What a student brings to the CSM (knowledge, confidence, attitude, activities) influences the learning experience.
- The math coach or tutor is a guide, coach, and mentor.
- Errors are a part of learning and provide the opportunity for understanding.
- Students, math coaches, tutors, instructors, and college staff form a collaborative academic team that helps students maximize their potential.
- Our students are responsible for their own actions.
- In treating students as individuals, keeping in mind that each student comes to us with different skill levels and different strengths and weaknesses.
- It is better to create in a learner an understanding of a process than to produce a temporary product without that understanding. Therefore, we use probing questions to encourage discovery and thinking.
NOTE: Our services are offered in support of classes and not as a replacement for classroom instruction. In addition we do not check homework, or assist on tests/quizzes/evaluates. Faculty can rest assure that the work submitted by the student is their own and not the work of the CSM coaches or tutors.


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It was stunning while it bloomed. Then in early summer both my blue and white varieties just started dying a little at a time. So disappointed! Maybe it was too hot and humid for them...? I wish that these plants came with more detailed instructions. The blue is so unusual and beautiful; I might have to try again next Spring, but will call the company for help the minute things start going downhill.
Lucia® Dark Blue Lobelia erinus
- Hardy Zones
- 9 - 11
- Exposure
- Part Sun to Sun
- Season
- Spring
- Summer
- Mature Size
- 6 - 12 Inches
True blue flowers can be difficult to find in nature but Lobelia are true, real blue. This lobelia has better heat tolerance than older varieties.
Plant Needs
Great in both landscapes and containers of all kinds.
Self cleaning, no deadheading necessary. Laguna does not like "wet feet". Be sure that you do not keep the soil wet. Allow the soil surface to dry before watering again.
These newer types of Lobelia are much more heat tolerant than past plants. They will reliably bloom in warm temperatures unless night temperatures stay in the upper 70's or above. If you experience an extended time period with high night temperatures the plants may flush out of bloom, however, the plants themselves should continue to look good. If the plants do go out of flower using a sharp pair of scissors or pruning shears to give the plants a "haircut" - a slight overall trim - should encourage additional branching. Additional branching will result in increased flower power once the plants begin blooming again after night temperatures fall.
The plants may be trimmed back at anytime if you feel they could use it.
A yearly application of fertilizer or compost on garden beds and regular fertilization of plants in pots will help ensure the best possible performance.
Lucia® lobelias are bred to handle the summer heat better than most, delivering good all-season performance in landscapes, hanging baskets, window boxes, and combination containers. Choose from deep blue or vivid royal purple, self-cleaning selections when you buy.
- LilyCharlotteNorth CarolinaUnited States51 weeks ago
Pretty color, reliable blooms, looks great in my hanging basketsJennifer WinshipVernonBritish ColumbiaCanada1 year ago
- I bought this plant twice this year. I gave one to my sister because it had the name of her daughter Lucia who died at age 6. Unfortunately both hers & my plants died.SongofSunshine5 years ago
I live in Prescott Valley, AZ, which is a cooler area than Phoenix. I bought several of these last summer and they all died as rapidly as regular lobelia.Tammy KemptonArizonaUnited States6 years ago
This plant is very striking with the blue blooms and never quits blooming. I use it on my north side patio in containers.Lesleigh SenterWisconsinUnited States6 years ago
Love this true blue color..Looks really good in basket or planter..My favorite plant,wish it would last all year long in m my apartment..AnnaMarie McLaughlinPennsylvaniaUnited States6 years ago
i love itpatIowaUnited States6 years ago
Dies out in the heat.chrisWisconsinUnited States6 years ago
this plant is always included in my containers- it's lively and funlaureen neidBritish ColumbiaCanada6 years ago
I absolutely LOVE lobelia! I'm always lookng for blue flowers, and this is true blue, & easy to grow.PatNew YorkUnited States6 years ago
- Common Name:LobeliaDuration:AnnualLight Level:Part Sun to SunBe The First To Rate This:
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My boyfriend and I have been dating for almost 3 months. We met in a very weird, unusual way. If you want me to tell you how we met just ask. Lol I don't really feel like sliding that in right now. But, he is auditioning for the voice and I told him I would come and support him at Navy Pier. He lives in Illinois, I live in Wisconsin. I used to live where he lived and go to the same school but we never noticed each other until a few months after I moved. Any who this will be our first time meeting. He has already told me he's nervous and I am too. And to make matters worse my sister will be with. Any tips or anything to not make this weird? I'm excited but so nervous. Help? Lol
Meeting Him For The First Time?
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Just be yourself and you will be fine. The most awkward part will be the beginning, so I would suggest pre-determining some activity to do when you meet... for example "go up the Sears Tower" or something like that.11|00|0
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Honeywell 53-53002-3 Cable, PS/2, Black for the Voyager
Quantity in Cart:Click Add To Cart to Order
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Honeywell Scanner Parts and Accessories 53-53002-3 53-53002-3
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Condition: Brand new with original manufacturer warranty. Most items in stock.When ordering this item, use this part number: 53-53002-3


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The Wise Guyz are now considered one of the best contemporary Rockabilly bands, not only in Eastern Europe but the whole world.With Hot Summer Nights, their 4th studio album, Chris and the boys keep diving into their mix of influences from the greatest American rockin' music.Another sure-fire rockin' scene hit for this excellent band.
Raucous Records is the longest establisted 1950s Rock 'n' Roll, Rockabilly and Psychobilly CD, DVD and vinyl specialist on the internet.A world of Rockabilly, Psychobilly, Surf, Swing and 1950s Rock 'n' Roll delivered to your door.
© Raucous Records 2017 All Rights Reserved


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Elizabeth Strickland, MS, RD, LD
Eating for Autism
The first book written by an experienced, registered dietitian covering nutritional interventions
More information >>
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Handcrafted, silver-plated, lead-free puzzle pieces with lustrous mussel shell backdrop in blue, pink, black, red, teal, and purple
Show your support with style >>
Entire Site © 2004-16. All rights reserved.
ASD Nutririon Seminars and Consulting, Glen Rose, Texas.
ASD Nutririon Seminars and Consulting, Glen Rose, Texas.


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text: 2/23/11 2/23/11 POPSUGAR Love Horoscopes Wednesday Horoscopes February 23, 2011 by Astrology.com 2 Shares Chat with us on Facebook Messenger. Learn what's trending across POPSUGAR. This week's horoscopes come from our partner Astrology.com. aries Mar 21 - Apr 19 taurus Apr 20 - May 20 gemini May 21 - June 21 cancer June 22nd - July 22nd There's a conservative veil over your emotions, Aries. Issues from the past might arise and rub you the wrong way. You move onward and upward by nature, plowing ahead without thinking of the consequences. Today you might be a bit more sober than usual. Look at what's worked in the past in terms of keeping your fiery emotions intact. Try not to resent the past but learn from it. Today is fantastic for tuning in to your inner self, Taurus. You will have a level, grounded mind from which to make conscious evaluations of your emotional state. Trust your instincts and make realistic plans for the future. You're especially disciplined today, and you have a keen sense of what your goals and objectives are. Use this grounded energy to get things done. You may feel a bit weighed down today, Gemini, and perhaps more reserved than usual. Someone may be raining on your parade, but don't let it get you down. Use the grounded energy of the day to get things done. You have your hands full with many tasks, so sit down and bring them to completion. Calm your nervous system and balance your frantic emotions. Ease off the caffeine. Today's a good day to ground your fluctuating emotions, Cancer. Step back from the drama you create and evaluate your inner state. Are you fooling yourself into thinking everything's OK when it really isn't? Be honest with your highest truths and ground yourself back in reality. Write down your thoughts. leo July 23 - Aug 22 virgo Aug 23 - Sept 22 libra Sept 23 - Oct 22 scorpio Oct 23 - Nov 21 Things may be calm today, Leo. You might not be your boisterous self, but that could be a good thing. Use the sobering energy to evaluate your emotions and honestly look at your relationships. Are you getting the respect you deserve? Perhaps you need to tell some people that their words or actions aren't OK. Meanwhile, get things done. Take care of errands and check items off your list. Today is a great day for you, Virgo. Everything is flowing your way as more pieces of the puzzle fall into place. Your fluctuating emotions are grounded and calm, letting you stand back and evaluate your true inner state. Have you been giving yourself the attention you deserve? This is your day. Get things done. You can accomplish quite a bit using this astral energy, so hop to it. Someone or something may spur you on today, Libra. You may feel a nagging impulse to get up and do something. Follow that instinct and stop moaning about staying in bed. The practical truth may be sobering, but as you know, balance is key. Bring equilibrium to the situation by taking a good, honest look at your emotional state. Realize what you need to do to keep it running smoothly. Bite the bullet and get it done, Scorpio. Finish the projects and get the lingering odds and ends out of your way. There are stable energies today that will bring a practical breath of fresh air to any situation. Take a step back from the swirling winds and observe your inner self. Realize how your actions and emotions affect others and think about adjusting your habits accordingly. sagittarius Nov 22 - Dec 21 capricorn Dec 22 - Jan 19 aquarius Jan 20 - Feb 18 pisces Feb 19 - Mar 20 Today might not be as lighthearted and free-spirited as you'd like, Sagittarius, but don't sweat it. Work with the grounded energy of the day to complete tasks that have been wearing on you for a while. Take a step back from the drama in your life and observe your emotions from a loftier viewpoint. Realize how your actions have been affecting others. Tone things down and evaluate. Today is a fantastic day for you, Capricorn. Things are naturally flowing your way. You can accomplish a great deal. There are few hurdles in your way, perhaps none. You're well disciplined about your time and what's needed to get the job done and how to meet your goals. Your emotions are especially calm and stable, giving you the opportunity to observe and evaluate them from a neutral viewpoint. There's a conservative air today that doesn't fit well with your erratic, unconventional nature, Aquarius. Things might pop up to remind you that you should be a bit more disciplined in your approach. Your thoughts and emotions are perhaps a bit less controlled than usual, so take this time to become centered and evaluate the truth. Today is a good day to focus. Something is tugging you back down to reality, Pisces. Your natural state tends to be up in the clouds, but once and while you need to ground your emotions and realize that you operate on a physical plane, too. Your watery emotions are stable for now, affording you a chance to step back and evaluate how you've been treating yourself. Make sure you give yourself the attention you deserve.


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Originally Posted by Kash
Do you know what model it was? I vaguely remember a few years back being told by the boutique it was a ladies model. But then he could have said that to shut the conversation down.
5167A special edition with green dial. Saw a pic earlier - will try find again!!!
Originally Posted by itsgotournameonit
Looks like we have another watch repair expert touting for buisness on the forum.Does he realise there is not enough work to go round.
Pot calling kettle, who's the one that can't decide to fart unless he asks the Tz community how to.
Posted this cos I wanted to.
Originally Posted by chicaneuk
That's a brilliant story! :)
Originally Posted by Andy_king
Hi im visiting the USA in the near future and I'm looking to buy a GWG-1000 and i was wondering if it's worth waiting to buy it in the USA and save my self some money or isn't there much of a saving to be had?
Sent from my SM-G935F using Tapatalk
Serious reply.
Don't go to a 'watch' shop. Try Walmart or the big department stores e.g. Penneys, Macy's etc watch counters. They seem to offer Casio gshocks at greatly reduced prices.
Jaeger-Le-Coultre : Master Quartz
Updated 15th July 2017 at 16:41 by zelig


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The Ideal Ruff Weather Dog Door provides a double flap installation in exterior doors. A wall mount kit is available that allows for installation in walls to 7.25″ thick. This pet door is also marketed as the Perfect Pet "All Weather" Pet Door


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3,372 total
My ex's parenting abilities are lacking. Children have missed school, moved around, become emotional, have sketchy people in their home (broken into twice), CPS has even removed the children from her home due to alcohol(drove drunk w/ kids in the ...
It is hard to prevail when you don't have an attorney. Most people who represent themselves do not know the legal standards the judges use (It's not as simple as "best interest of the children"). I am very familiar with the judges in Collin County and can assure you they will follow the law and do their best. But they need to be presented with exactly the right evidence in the right court-admissible forms in order to give you what you want and your children need.See question
We wanted to know if his mother can file SSI which are his daughter benefits from her mother. Since we were forced to sign temporary custody. The case was in her house and when we came over to visit. The next day CPS wanted a drug test. Then inste...
I don't completely understand from your question who has the child. Whoever has actual custody of the child can seek to collect her SSI benefits.See question
Daughter is going to out pto rehab, ex husband talked her into taking her kids from me, where they were staying, and takin fb them to his sons home. I have no problem with them staying there, but now they are not allowing me or my family to see o...
First, don't get hung up on free consultations. Those are just sales sessions most of the time. Good attorneys are busy and busy people get paid for their work. You pay a doctor for a diagnosis even if you don't elect treatment. No reason to expect that a good attorney is going to give away time for free.
Second, grandparents have very limited rights in Texas. Based on your description above, your only possible basis for a lawsuit would be under section 102.009(a)(3) of the Texas Family Code whereby you would claim that you had actual care, control, and possession of the children for at least 6 months, ending not more than 90 days ago. If that is true, then you could file a suit seeking primary managing conservatorship of the children.See question
If a man establishes legal residency in TX although his wife and child never lived in TX and remained in CA, can TX still be successfully defended as the proper jurisdiction for divorce, alimony, and/or child support proceedings for suits initiate...
In Texas a divorce with children is really two lawsuits.
The divorce can definitely take place in Texas as long as the Texas resident files first.
The child custody case will probably have to be decided in CA based on the UCCJEA, which states that the property jurisdiction for child custody is the state in which the child has lived for the past 6 months.
How and whether child support is addressed will depend on who files the custody action. If you file it in CA, you will be ordered to pay child support. If she files in CA for child support, they will have to find some constitutional basis to proceed--and will probably have to move the child support issues to TX.See question
I am F2 visa holder. last month I have been accepted for PhD program. I am waiting for changing states from f2 to f1. my wife and I want a divorce. my immigration advisor in the university told me it is better to not divorce until I get my F1 visa...
I moved this to immigration to attract some immigration attorney attention.See question
I am currently 7 months pregnant, expecting to deliver in Feb of 2017. The biological father has not been involved at all, and has done questionable things, such as threaten suicide if i didn't abort, claim the child is not his, and even said he ...
This is going to sound facetious, but I'm serious: If you can move several counties away before you have the baby. Then, once the baby is born, have the AG set up a child support order. The child support order will not have a geographic restriction if you live 3 or 4 counties away from dad when the child is born.
If moving is not an option, then avoid court and just don't let him come near the child. For him to get court-ordered rights, he'll have to put himself on child support. And if he's not on the birth certificate and fails to file a voluntary acknowledgement of paternity, he will have no rights without first going to court.
But if it does go to court, you'll have to put on a case explaining why joint conservatorship is not in your child's best interest. If you have all these messages from him in writing, print them off and get them to a couple of friends so that you can't lose them and you can use them in court.
The "threat" to be involved is probably a tactic to get you to stay OUT of child support court because he knows that if you get child support, he gets rights. Never mind that he will never exercise those rights. He's just trying to scare you out of child support.See question
I work for the Texas Department of Criminal Justice as a correctional officer. Needless to say, my kind aren't very well liked by offenders and ex convicts. I moved into a nice place in Huntsville Texas, and my landlord lives in California. I have...
You're in a tough spot. Consider suing the maintenance guy for defamation. Suing the CA-based landlord is going to be an expensive chore. Take due heed of possible retaliation.See question
On Saturday he decided not show up because of the restraining order I have against him. But the thing is, ever since sept, on saturdays he's being seeing my 5 month old daughter. And his lawyer knew about the abuse and RO, but still went ahead wit...
First, get the Attorney General to go after him for child support.
Second, stop releasing the child or children to the grandparents. If dad is not permitted to see the children, then don't release the children to anyone.See question
My ex boyfriend does not let me see my daughter. He has been withholding her from me now for almost a month and refuses me to video chat or talk to her on the phone.
Go get her. Bring help with you if you need to.
He's afraid of paying child support, I suppose.
And file for custody with the court ASAP. You need an attorney.See question
My sister was knocked unconscious by her children's father, and he went to jail. His family retaliated and told her they would put CPS in her life. One month later, the GP kidnapped her children and filed a custody lawsuit against her. She went to...
Best course of action is to hire an attorney who knows how to work with CPS. If that's not an option, try DVAP (that's Legal Aid in Dallas County). If that doesn't work, then your sister needs to meet with the CPS case worker and find out what it will take to resolve the case.
If these charges are ruled out, your sister should file an injunction suit against the GP. She probably won't win, but she can make the point that GP is filing false claims and see if she can get an admonishment for that.See question


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Although entirely invented, this short, direct name has a hint of the southern European, which gives it a certain friendliness and warmth that makes it very engaging. It's concise, early spelled and effortlessly pronounced.
KEYWORDS | A | nest | short | concise | classic |


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Right ventricular (RV) maximal power (PWRmx) is dependent on preload. The objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that the PWRmx versus end-diastolic volume (EDV) relationship, analogous to the load-independent stroke work (SW) versus EDV relationship (preload-recruitable SW, PRSW), is linear, with the PWR x-axis intercept (V0PWR) corresponding to the PRSW intercept (V0SW). If our hypothesis is correct, the preload sensitivity of PWRmx could be eliminated by adjusting for EDV and V0PWR. Ten dogs were instrumented with a pulmonary flow probe, micromanometers, and RV conductance catheter. Data were obtained during bicaval occlusions under various conditions and fitted to PWRmx = a·(EDV − V0PWR)β, where a is the slope of the relationship. The PWRmx versus EDV relationship did not deviate from linearity (β = 1.09, P = not significant vs. 1), and V0PWR correlated with V0SW (r = 0.93, P <0.0001). V0PRW was related to steady-state EDV and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, allowing for estimation of V0PWR (V0Est) and single-beat PWRmx preload adjustment. Dividing PWRmx by the difference of EDV and V0PWR (PAMPV0PWR) eliminated preload dependency down to 50% of the baseline EDV. PWRmx adjustment using V0Est (PAMPV0Est) showed similar preload independency. Enhancing contractility increased PAMPV0PWR and PAMPV0Est from 176 ± 52 to 394 ± 205 W/ml × 104 and 145 ± 51 to 404 ± 261 W/ml × 104, respectively, accompanied by an increase of PRSW from 13.0 ± 4.5 to 29.7 ± 16.4 mmHg (all P <0.01). PAMPV0PWR and PAMPV0Est correlated with PRSW (r = 0.85; r = 0.77; both P <0.001). Numerical modeling confirmed the accuracy of our experimental data. Thus preload adjustment of PWRmx should consider a linear PWRmx versus EDV relationship with distinct V0PWR. PAMPV0PWR is a preload-independent estimate of RV contractility that may eventually be determined noninvasively.
- hemodynamics
- contractility
- right ventricle
accurate assessment of right ventricular (RV) contractility is an unresolved clinical problem. Despite recent advances in the assessment of RV performance such as Doppler tissue imaging (36), indexes that express RV "output," i.e., pressure and flow, continue to be of interest. Maximal ventricular power (PWRmx), the peak instantaneous product of pressure and flow, reflects contractility (32) and can be determined noninvasively (1, 22). Unfortunately, PWRmx is dependent on preload, i.e., end-diastolic volume (EDV). Various concepts have been proposed for preload-adjusted PWRmx (PAMP) in both ventricles (18, 29, 30). A common approach was dividing PWRmx by EDVβ, with β ≠ 1. The assumptions were that the PWRmx versus EDV relationship is nonlinear, its volume-axis intercept (V0PWR) is zero, and PAMP relates to the slope (Ees) of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), the latter being linear with a volume-axis intercept (V0Ees) near zero. Many of these assumptions have been challenged (19, 28), and PWRmx preload adjustment that is not limited to a given state remained elusive.
The aims of this study were to 1) examine the relationship between RV PWRmx and EDV, 2) test a concept of PWRmx preload adjustment that reflects the shape of this relationship, and 3) assess the sensitivity of preload-adjusted PWRmx to modulations of the contractile state under various loading conditions. We first confirmed that the RV PWRmx versus EDV relationship was linear, with a distinct V0PWR. From the understanding that PWRmx is the first derivative of stroke work (SW), the optimal preload adjustment was found to resemble the calculation of preload recruitable SW (PRSW) (13). We found that this novel power index is susceptible to modulations of the contractile state while remaining independent of preload and that it correlated with PRSW. We further provided an approach for the assessment of PAMP from a single, steady-state beat.
Preload Adjustment of PWRmx:V0 Dependency
We propose that, because power is the first derivative of SW, the PWRmx versus EDV relationship should be analogous to the relationship of SW versus EDV defined by its slope (i.e., PRSW) and volume-axis intercept (V0SW) (13). Figure 1A shows typical PWRmx versus EDV relationships during preload reduction. Dividing PWRmx by EDV raised to an exponent ≠ 1 assumes the following nonlinear relationship: (1) where a is the slope of the relationship.
The best fit was obtained with an exponent β = 1.4, therefore, dividing PWRmx by EDV1.4 sufficed to reduce preload dependency (Fig. 1B). It is noteworthy that the nonlinear fitting forces the PWRmx versus EDV relationship through the axis origin. Obviously, if the PWRmx versus EDV relationship shifts in either direction, a different exponent β is required. Thus the value of this exponent is likely arbitrary.
To account for shifts of the PWRmx versus EDV relationship with the alteration of V0PWR, we tested this equation: (2) Apparently, if β approximates 1.0, a linear PWRmx versus EDV relationship can be expected, and if preload adjustment incorporates V0PWR, shifts of the relationship should not alter β. The application of this concept to the example given above, optimal fit of Eq. 2 yielded β = 0.96, implying a linear PWRmx versus EDV relationship with V0PWR = 9 ml (Fig. 1A). Moreover, dividing PWRmx by the difference of EDV and V0PWR eliminated preload dependency (Fig. 1B). Whether this concept can be applied to any hemodynamic state and whether V0PWR can be estimated to allow for single-beat PWRmx preload adjustment were examined in this study.
Experimental Preparation and Protocol
All experiments were approved in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, published by National Institutes of Health. Ten mongrel dogs (19–30 kg) were anesthetized (1.0–1.5% isoflurane) and ventilated. Upon sternotomy, tapes were passed around both venae cavae for preload reduction. After the pericardium was opened, a dual-sensor micromanometer (SPC-751, Millar Instruments; Houston, TX) was inserted into the right atrium and right ventricle to measure right atrial pressure and right ventricular pressure, respectively. Single-sensor micromanometers (SPC-350, Millar Instruments) were inserted into the main pulmonary artery (PA) and left ventricle to measure PA pressure and left ventricular (LV) pressure, respectively. A conductance catheter (SPC-562-1, Millar Instruments) was inserted through the RV apex to measure RV volume (7, 36). Left atrial pressure was measured by a fluid-filled line. An ultrasonic flow probe (A16, Transonic Systems; Ithaca, NY) was placed around the main PA to measure stroke volume (SVFP) and flow. Pacing leads were attached to the right atrium. Echocardiography was performed to calculate RV ejection fraction (EFEcho) by the previously validated ellipsoid shell method (9, 12). Gain of the conductance catheter-derived RV volume was calibrated by SVFP with the offset calibrated by EFEcho (14). Blood conductivity was adjusted at each data point (Leycom, Sigma-5 DF; Stoneham, MA).
Table 1 presents key hemodynamic parameters of various experimental conditions. After each experiment, the heart was harvested to weigh RV and LV free walls and interventricular septum.−1·min−1), phenylephrine (0.3 μg·kg−1·min−1), and esmolol (500 μg/kg bolus, followed by 50 μg·kg−1·min−1) at 120 beats/min with data taken before and at 20 min of equilibration of each condition. At all conditions (n = 80), data were obtained at steady state and during preload reduction by occluding both venae cavae. Steady-state data were acquired over 10–15 heart cycles with a beat-to-beat variability of RV pressure, volumes, and flow of less than ±5% in all experiments.
Data Analysis
A custom-made program was used to calculate PRSW (13), Ees (23), and PWRmx (18), the latter as the peak instantaneous product of (3) The volume-axis intercepts of PRSW (V0SW), ESPVR (V0Ees), and the PWRmx versus EDV relationship (V0PWR) were obtained by extrapolation to zero volume.
PWRmx versus EDV relationship.
The shape of the PWRmx versus EDV relationship was examined by fitting PWRmx and EDV datasets to Eq. 2 (Statistica 5.1, StatSoft; Tulsa, OK). The exponent β determines the shape: β > 1 indicates concave and β < 1 indicates convex relationships, respectively; if β approximates 1, then a linear RV PWRmx versus EDV relationship is expected. The deviation of the relation during preload reduction was also examined.
V0 estimation.
Estimation of V0PWR (V0Est) from a single beat was initiated by analyzing the influence of hemodynamic parameters and heart weight (invariant) by stepwise multivariable regression. The independently significant predictors of V0Est were then curve fitted to 36,000 linear and nonlinear equations (Table Curve3D 4.0, Systat Software; Richmond, CA). V0Est was calculated by the most suitable function, that is, simple model structure, low residuals and offset, and high r value. The model was derived from experiments 1–5 and subsequently validated in experiments 6–10.
Contractile sensitivity.
Power indexes at baseline, at various heart rates, and before and during dobutamine, phenylephrine, and esmolol infusion were compared with Ees and PRSW as load-insensitive measures of cardiac function (13, 33).
Computer modeling.
We used a lumped-parameter model of the cardiovascular system to examine the dependency of PWRmx versus EDV relationships on changes of contractility, preload, afterload, and diastolic stiffness. The model has been described previously in detail (35). Briefly, it is composed of 24 coupled equations relating pressure and flow through the circulation that is conceptualized as eight different chambers: the right atrium and ventricle, pulmonary arteries and veins, left atrium and ventricle, aorta, and systemic veins. Both LV and RV activation are modeled by a raised cosine function, with ESPVR assumed to be linear and defined by their Ees and V0Ees. Ventricular pressure decay during relaxation is assumed to be exponential and is defined by its time constant (35). Nikolic's equation [which defines the ventricular diastolic pressure-volume curve by its minimal slope (Ed), pressure and volume that correspond to the point of Ed, volume needed to increase Ed by (where k+ is the exponent and Vk+ is the volume required to increase ventricular stiffness by e), and minimal pressure and volume] is used to model both RV and LV passive properties (25, 35). The systemic and pulmonary circulations are characterized by valve area and its inertance, arterial capacitance, and minimal volume, capillary resistance and inertance, and venous capacitance, resistance, inertance and minimal volume. Systolic flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary circulation is obtained by differentiating the volume signal in 5-ms resolutions (2).
Equation parameters of the model were obtained as follows. For RV Ees, V0Ees, time constant of relaxation, pulmonary systemic vascular resistance (PVR), systemic vascular resistance, and heart rate, we used the average of experimental data collected at baseline. To obtain RV diastolic parameters, Ed and Vk+ were estimated from the experimental data using Nikolic's equation (25), whereas the other equation parameters were adjusted to obtain realistic end-diastolic data. Finally, LV Ees and V0 were supplemented from previous canine studies (14).
After computation of steady-state pressure-volume loops, we simulated preload reduction by decreasing model circulatory volume to obtain the PWRmx versus EDV relationship and PRSW. We separately altered contractility (Ees: 0.8, 0.4, and 1.6 mmHg/ml), ESPVR x-axis intercept (V0Ees 2.4, −4, 8, and 14 ml), afterload (PVR: 239, 120, and 600 dyn·s·cm−5), and diastolic stiffness (Ed: 0.06, 0.03, and 0.12 mmHg/ml). Results are presented in a modified Jacobian matrix, showing the change of normalized average index divided by change of normalized average parameter. Thus, for index y and parameter x, the Jacobian matrix yields (δyi/yi)/(δxj/xj). Ideally, a systolic index has sensitivity to Ees equal to 1 but sensitivity to other input parameters equal to 0.
Statistical Analysis
Data are reported as means ± SD or as medians (25% and 75% quartile). The shape of the PWRmx versus EDV relationship was determined by nonlinear fitting of Eq. 2. The average exponent β was compared with a value of 1 using a single-sample t-test. We further examined individual slopes of two adjacent pairs of PWRmx versus EDV; a code of 1 indicated that the preceding slope was steeper, whereas −1 indicated that the subsequent slope was steeper. The grand average of all codes with 95% confidence interval was calculated. The PWRmx versus EDV relationship was assessed linear if the grand average was not different from zero. Deviations toward −1 or 1 indicated a predominantly concave or convex relationship, respectively (39).
Preload dependency was assessed by normalizing power indexes and EDV to initial (baseline) values before preload reduction. Comparisons were made by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc testing.
Data obtained before and during modulations of the inotropic state (dobutamine, phenylephrine, and esmolol) were compared by Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Shape of PWRmx Versus EDV Relationship and V0 Interrelationship
The median exponent β in Eq. 2 of the entire dataset was 1.09 (25% and 75% quartiles of 0.84 and 1.37; P not significant vs. 1; P < 0.01 vs. 2). Figure 2A depicts the variation of exponent β in various experimental conditions, demonstrating that median β was close to 1 in every experimental condition (P not significant vs. 1 in each condition) and that the 95% confidence interval of mean β always overlapped with 1. Furthermore, there was no relationship between exponent β and PRSW or PVR (r = 0.19, P = not significant; r = 0.03, P = not significant, respectively), further suggesting that the shape of the PWRmx versus EDV relationship was independent of the contractile state and afterload condition. Moreover, the grand average of codes determining the shape of the PWRmx versus EDV relationship was 0.009 (95% confidence interval, −0.057 and 0.075), demonstrating that β did not deviate in any direction during preload reduction. Together, these results confirm our hypothesis of a linear PWRmx versus EDV relationship in the right ventricle with existence of V0PWR.
We next examined the interrelationship of V0PWR, V0Ees, and V0SW. Strong correlations existed between V0PWR and V0SW (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001; Fig. 2B). The relationship between V0PWR and V0Ees (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001) was significantly less strong than that between V0PWR and V0SW (P < 0.0001).
To estimate V0PWR (V0Est) from a single beat, we examined the influence of baseline hemodynamic parameters and invariant factors, i.e., RV weight. The strongest influences were observed for EDV and SV (both P < 0.0001) and LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP; P = 0.01). There was no evidence of an influence of any other factor. Because EDV and SV highly cross-correlated (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001), only EDV and LVEDP were entered into the curve-fitting analysis. With the use of the data of experiments 1–5, the best suitable equation was (4) Figure 2C shows the residuals of V0 (estimated minus observed value) in relation to the measured value (V0PWR). The majority of the data fell within 10 ml of residuals (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001), indicating adequate fit. The model was subsequently validated in experiments 6–10, demonstrating adequate prediction capabilities (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001) with a consistent trend of the residuals.
Preload Dependency
Figure 3 depicts grouped data from the entire dataset. Power indexes and EDV were normalized to baseline allowing combined illustration. Dividing PWRmx by the difference of EDV and V0PWR (i.e., preload-adjusted PWR through V0PWR, PAMPV0PWR) eliminated preload dependency down to 50% of baseline EDV without significant deviation in any direction (Table 2). Likewise, adjusting PWRmx by the difference of EDV and V0Est (PAMPV0Est) reduced preload dependency, however, with somewhat higher data variability and significant deviation from baseline beginning at 60% preload reduction (Fig. 3 and Table 2).
Contractility Sensitivity
Tables 1 and 3 summarize the effect of modulations of the inotropic state on key hemodynamic parameters, power indexes, Ees, and PRSW. PAMPV0PWR and PAMPV0Est significantly increased in response to dobutamine, accompanied by significant increases of Ees and PRSW. Phenylephrine caused significant increases of power indexes and PRSW. However, Ees did not change significantly. Finally, both power indexes significantly decreased with esmolol. In contrast, the decrease of Ees and PRSW did not reach statistical significance (Table 3).
The relationship of both power indexes with PRSW is shown in Fig. 4A. PAMPV0PWR and PAMPV0Est correlated closely with PRSW (r = 0.85, P < 0.001; r = 0.77, P < 0.001). However, the correlation of both power indexes with Ees was only modest (r = 0.64, P < 0.001; r = 0.54, P < 0.001; Fig. 4B).
Computer Modeling
Computer simulations are compared with representative experimental data in Fig. 5; the physiological model matched satisfactorily with the observed data. Applying Eq. 2, 10 simulations yielded an exponent β of 1.33 ± 0.14, that is, comparable to the median exponent β as obtained directly from the experimental data (not significantly different compared with experimental data; P < 0.01 compared with β = 2). Noteworthy, when equation SW = a·(EDV − V0SW)β was applied, exponent β was 1.44 ± 0.13 (P < 0.001 compared with 1), indicating that a slight concavity of ESPVR is neglected by our computer model.
V0PWR correlated closely with V0SW (r = 0.92, P < 0.0001) with an average difference of 0.7 ml (range −1.7 to 4.1 ml). In contrast, the average difference between V0PWR and V0Ees was 20.5 ml (range 18.3–23.5 ml), confirming our experimental data showing that V0PWR correlated more closely with V0SW than with V0Ees.
The influence of alterations in Ees, V0Ees, PVR, and Ed on PAMPV0PWR, V0PWR, PRSW, and V0SW are displayed in Table 4. PAMPV0PWR and PRSW showed optimal correlation with Ees. As expected, Ed was inversely correlated with PAMPV0PWR and PRSW.
We found that the PWRmx versus EDV relationship is linear with a distinct volume-axis intercept. There were strong correlations between V0PWR and V0SW, as well as between PAMP and PRSW. In addition, V0PWR correlated with baseline EDV and LVEDP, potentially allowing single-beat preload adjustment. Dividing PWRmx by the difference of EDV and V0PWR eliminated preload dependency yet did not abolish its sensitivity to modulations of the contractile state. Computer simulations confirmed findings from our experimental data.
PWRmx Preload Adjustment: Previous Studies
Preload adjustment of PWRmx was previously sought by dividing the square of EDV (18). The rationale was substantiated by an association with Ees (18). However, Ees is an end-systolic measure of contractility, yet PWRmx occurs early during ejection. Ejection-derived parameters do not always correlate with end systole-derived contractile parameters (10, 16). Furthermore, ESPVR can show curvilinear features and considerable shifts of V0Ees with varying load (19, 28), both making Ees calculation by linear regression less accurate a correlate of PAMP. Accordingly, we found that PAMPV0PWR and V0PWR correlated modestly with Ees and V0Ees, respectively.
It recently became apparent that dividing PWRmx by EDV2 does not suffice to reduce preload dependency in either LV or RV (15, 29, 30). The "optimal" exponent β in PWRmx/EDVβ varied with cardiac chamber size and volume-axis intercept of ESPVR (24, 29, 30). In agreement with the aforementioned studies, applying PWRmx/EDV2 to our experimental data also showed dependency of this index on preload conditions, and our computer model further confirmed this observation (see Table 5). Although the sensitivity to changes in contractility and afterload was similar to the the sensitivity of the power index proposed in the current study (see Table 4 for comparison), a decrease of the "circulating volume" in the model by 10% resulted in an increase of PWRmx/EDV2 by 65% (Jacobian matrix in Table 5). More recently, PWRmx preload adjustment was sought under incorporation of the volume-axis intercept of ESPVR (29, 30), and this index [PWRmx/(EDV − V0Ees)2] demonstrated reduced preload dependency in both our experimental data and computer model (see Fig. 6).
The current study examined the PWRmx versus EDV relationship with its own volume-axis intercept (i.e., V0PWR). PAMPV0PWR resembles PRSW (13), a load-insensitive parameter of contractility with least curvilinearity, yet highest reproducibility, in the RV (16). Our observation of a correlation between PRSW and PWRmx/(EDV − V0PWR) is also supported by power being the derivative of instantaneous cumulative work from the beginning of ejection. We therefore propose that optimal preload adjustment of PWRmx should be based on the PWRmx versus EDV relationship with consideration of V0PWR.
Afterload Dependency
Ventricular power has been regarded as little influenced by acute afterload changes; the increase of LV PWRmx after gradual aortic occlusion was attributed to increases of EDV (18), and RV PWRmx did not change with partial PA occlusion (20). Others (32) noted increases of LV PWRmx with prolonged augmentation of afterload. We observed PWRmx increases in response to pharmacological modulation of RV afterload. The observation that α-adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine) increased parameters of RV contractility was expected (3). Afterload increases in and of themselves also affect the ESPVR by homeometric autoregulation (8, 27). Therefore, the intrinsic inotropic effect of phenylephrine infusion cannot be separated from the adaptation at cell level resulting in increased force-generating capacity in response to higher afterload. Distinguishing between both mechanisms, however, is of modest significance, because clinically relevant, prolonged afterload changes inevitably result in changes of the contractile state, thus PRSW and Ees (13, 17, 21, 37, 38). Importantly, although there was a wide range of pulmonary vascular resistance in the current study (see Table 1), adjusting RV PWRmx for EDV and V0PWR eliminated preload dependency regardless of the afterload condition, yet maintained its high sensitivity to changes in contractility.
V0PWR Estimation
Apparently, PAMP can be computed from a single beat only if V0PWR was known. Previous studies indicated that the volume-axis intercept of LV PRSW can be estimated by LV mass and EDV (15). In the right ventricle, ventricular interdependences should be considered also, i.e., change of the septal curvature and LV contraction (5, 6, 40). Accordingly, we found that not only EDV influenced V0PWR but also LVEDP. However, there was no evidence for the influence of invariant factors such as weight of the RV free wall. Although not the objective of this study, the approach of V0 estimation should be validated in various acute and chronic hemodynamic conditions, including pulmonary and systemic arterial hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and/or dilation, and congestive heart failure.
The need for estimation of contractility from a single beat has fostered considerable efforts by the research community (4, 15). We and others (15) observed that various indexes do not always correlate to a high degree. Obviously, those indexes may capture the interest of clinicians if they are based on rational theoretical considerations and easy-to-measure parameters. Preload-adjusted PWRmx may fulfill these criteria because all parameters can be estimated by Doppler echocardiography, i.e., RV volume (9, 12), RV systolic pressure and pulmonary artery flow (31), and LVEDP (11, 26, 34).
Study Limitations
This study was conducted in an open-chest model due to the necessary extensive instrumentation. The effects of opening the pericardium and/or hemodynamic interventions on the left ventricle may have altered RV function. Thus the linearity of the RV PWRmx versus EDV relationship with distinct volume-axis intercept should be confirmed under closed-chest conditions. In addition, all experiments were performed on healthy animals; the applicability of this power index should be validated in pathological states with altered cardiac geometry. Furthermore, it remains to be analyzed how PWRmx responds to an acute afterload increase (PA occlusion over a few beats) as opposed to the prolonged afterload modulations in this study, which resulted in an adjustment of the contractile state. Finally, this report focuses on parameters of RV contractility; it remains to be shown if our concept of PWRmx preload adjustment would also apply to the left ventricle.
In conclusion, we found that the RV PWRmx versus EDV relationship was linear, with a distinct volume-axis intercept. Dividing PWRmx by EDV minus V0PWR eliminated preload dependency. V0PWR was estimated from baseline EDV and LVEDP, potentially allowing single-beat assessment of PAMP without the need for preload reductions. Power indexes based on measured or estimated V0 were sensitive to modulations of contractility and strongly correlated with PRSW. These results may encourage further studies on feasibility and usefulness in the clinical setting.
This study was supported by the George M. and Linda H. Kaufman Center for Heart Failure and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
The authors thank Adelaide Jaffe and Christine Kassuba for editorial advice.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2004 by the American Physiological Society


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- Protectorless
- Protectorless \Pro*tect"or*less\, a. Having no protector; unprotected. [1913 Webster]
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English. 2000.
protectorless — protecˈtorless adjective • • • Main Entry: ↑protect * * * proˈtectorless, a. [f. protector + less.] Having no protector. in Webster … Useful english dictionary
Nagarakretagama — The Nagarakretagama or Nagarakrtagama, also known as Desawarnana, is an Old Javanese eulogy to Hayam Wuruk, a Javanese king and the monarch of the Majapahit Empire. It was written as a kakawin by Mpu Prapanca in 1365 (or 1287 Saka year).[1] The… … Wikipedia
protector — protectoral, adj. protectorless, adj. protectorship, n. /preuh tek teuhr/, n. 1. a person or thing that protects; defender; guardian. 2. Eng. Hist. a. a person in charge of the kingdom during the sovereign s minority, incapacity, or absence. b.… … Universalium
Mindrolling Monastery — Mindrolling Monastery, Tibet Part of a series on … Wikipedia


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Posts by Gabriel
Total # Posts: 135
What is the formula of calculating linear expansion
23m round off to the nearest 5m
The answer is Earth/land Why;because it's big that's in size Old/New;because it's been there even before our ancestors and newly it's about these generation
A person makes a quantity of iced tea by mixing 668 g of hot tea (essentially water) with an equal mass of ice at its melting point. If the initial hot tea is at a temperature of 86?C, what are the (a) final temperature of the ice tea (in ?C) and (b) mass of the remaining ice...
In a calorimetry experiment, an object of mass M= 9.2 kg falls through a height of 35.5 m and, by means of a mechanical linkage, rotates a paddle wheel that stirs m= 0.92 kg of water. The water is initially at 20?C. What is the maximum possible temperature rise of the water...
3x-2y=1 and 2x+y=-4
one of the angles of a triangle is 100 degree and the other two angles are equal. find each of the equal triangle
problem solving
problem solving
Sandra is eight yrs younger than her brother mike. six yrs ago mike was three times old of Sandra. how old is mike? how old is Sandra?
An all-terrain vehicle of 4000 kg mass moves up a 13o slope at a constant velocity of 6.00 m/s. The rate of change of gravitational potential energy with time is
A rock is held steady over a cliff and dropped. 1.1 seconds later, another rock is thrown straight down at a speed of 12.1 m/s, and hits the first rock. How far have the rocks dropped before they collide? How long is the first rock in the air before it gets hits by the second ...
You take 4 measurements of the mass of a ball: 2.96 kg, 3.32 kg, 3.31 kg, 3.17 kg. What is the uncertainty of the average mass to 95% confidence? CL=95% N=4 CC=1.84
American government
My best is D
American Government
caller of BS is right, you can't track IP's like that. Its also against the law in most states because its a violation of privacy. Also even if it was possible, most anti viruses have VPN hide codded in meaning the IP address is changed and hidden. Also what would you ...
My best answer is A personally
Circulatory systems of animals transport nutrients to tissues. Which system of plants performs a similar function? starch granules xylem and phloem tubes stomata apical meristems plant hormone system
What is the question to 3x5(5x6)?
5a-2b=14 , 2a+2b=14
Use the method of elimination to solve the following pairs of simultaneous equation 8y+4z=7 6y-8z=41
Math JW Faulk Elementary School
The area of the table top is 18 square feet the perimeter of the same table is 18 feet what are the dimensions of the table top
A fighter plane is directly over an anti aircraft gun at a time t=0. The plane has a speed of 600km/hr. A shell is fired from an anti aircraft gun at the time t=0, in order to hit the plane. The muzzle velocity V is 1100m/s. Determine the distance the gun should be aimed ahead...
Describe two ways you could evaluate 37% of the sum of 27 3/5 and 15.9. Tell which method you would use and why? THANK YOU!
Paving cost is $10.30 per square yard. find the total cost of paving the shaded area in figure 27-21. Round the answers to nearest ten dollars. 170'-0" Radius 92'0 is the degrees 256'-0" is the shaded area The sum total is 14780 please help
Write a story which ends with "when i woked up, it was all a dream".
social studies
@teacher You ain't a teacher, otherwise you would have a somewhat good grip on Spelling and Grammar
Nat has 5 pieces of string. Each piece is 7/8 inch long. How many inches of string does Nat have?
The correct anwsers are B C A D
What would be the inequality in terms of p.
A store selling art supplies finds that they can sell x sketch pads each week at a price of p dollars each, according to the formula x = 2100 - 300p. What price should they charge if they want to sell at least 600 pads each week? (First use the formula to write an inequality ...
A woman has a total of $10,000 to invest. She invests part of the money in an account that pays 6% per year and the rest in an account that pays 9% per year. If the interest earned in the first year is $750, how much did she invest in each account?
Travis has a total of $6,000 invested in two accounts. The total amount of interest he earns from the accounts in the first year is $420. If one account pays 6% per year and the other pays 9% per year, how much did he invest in each account?
A woman owns a small, cash-only business in a state that requires her to charge 6% sales tax on each item she sells. At the beginning of the day, she has $290 in the cash register. At the end of the day, she has $1200 in the register. How much money should she send to the ...
Every item in the Just a Dollar store is priced at $1.00. When Mary Jo opens the store, there is $127.00 in the cash register. When she counts the money in the cash register at the end of the day, the total is $1,055.80. If the sales tax rate is 8%, how many items were sold ...
The third angle in an isosceles triangle is 116° more than twice as large as each of the two base angles. Find the measure of each angle.
If 125 cal of heat is applied to a 60.0-g piece of copper at 23.0∘C , what will the final temperature be? The specific heat of copper is 0.0920 cal/(g⋅∘C) .
Find the total surface area of the right cylinder. H= 12 and r = 7
Ms:Sue is starting to get very questionable on her help because all of her work seems that she gets work wrong
My pattern is 509, 517, 525, 533, 541. What is the place value to describe how the numbers change?
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Hello, plz hav bin lookin for an answer to dis question too.. Am a student studying software engineering in india, plz mail me if you got any answer plz forward to cooproton@gmail .. Thanx, I'ld really appreciate it
Math. Explanation Needed
You know that 600 x 10 is 600,so you know that 621 divided by 59 quorum is going to be more then 10 because 621 is greater than 600.
7th Grade science
what did Wegener think happened to the supercontinent
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Suppose daily operating profit, in dollars, for a movie theater is a function of the number of tickets sold with the rule P(x)=8.5x-2,500, for 0≤x≤1,000. a) Explain why the profit function has an inverse b) P(400)=900. Rewrite this equation in terms of P^-1. c) ...
Physics super difficult for me
Two small balls each of mass 15g are fastened to the ends of silk threads 1m long each and hung from a common point. They attain equilibrium at a distance of 20cm from each other. If one ball has a charge of -0.6microC, what is the charge of the other ball?
physical chemist
MATH 11 help PLease!
ok,i will just try it myself so that i can understand it.. thanks..
MATH 11 help PLease!
aah ok.. thanks a lot!!!;)
MATH 11 help PLease!
i know how to get the vertex and all the other stuff, i just don't understand where did you get 5?
MATH 11 help PLease!
where did you get 5?
MATH 11 help PLease!
A rectangular garden is made at the side of the house. Part of the house forms one side of the fencing and divided into four equal plots. If 90m of fencing is available, determine the dimensions for the entire garden that will produce a maximum area. how can i come up with a ...
not sure though.. because sometimes i'm making mistakes in radicals...
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A baseball is thrown upward from a height of 2m with an initial velocity of 10m/s. Determine its maximum height. S(0) = 2m S'(0) = 10m/s S'(t) = -32t + 10 S(t) = -16t^2 + 10t + 2 I know that if you equal s(t) = 0 you get time, but how do I get maximum height? Thanx in ...
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Max area - A Norman window is constructed by adjoining a semicircle to the top of an ordinary rectangular window. Find the dimensions of a Norman window of maximum area if the total perimeter is 16 feet. - - - - - --------- ! ! ^ !<-x/2->! y --------- <---x--->
What are the correct answers? PLease.
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text:
Russian Nuclear Plant Fire Stirs Furor
Published: September 2, 1994
MOSCOW, Sept. 1— In a dispute underscoring the disarray in Russia's nuclear industry, officials argued today over the seriousness of a fire at a nuclear processing plant.
The fire, which released radioactive gases into the atmosphere, erupted on Wednesday in a shop at the Mayak nuclear plant in Ozyorsk, formerly the secret city of Chelyabinsk-65, 930 miles east of Moscow in the Ural Mountains.
Yuri Rogozhin, a spokesman for the regulatory agency Gosatomnadzor, said preliminary reports indicated that the fire "can be qualified as level three" on a seven-level International Nuclear Events Scale established by the International Atomic Energy Agency. A level-three accident has major contamination and overexposure of workers. The explosion and fire at the Chernobyl plant in April 1986, the world's worst nuclear accident, was a level seven.
Officials at the Mayak plant and at the Nuclear Power Ministry, which runs it, insisted there was no serious contamination or worker exposure. "The incident was a minor one, and it's totally wrong to qualify it as level three," said Vitaly Nasonov, a ministry spokesman.
Plant officials said a fuel rod's protective coating caught fire during reprocessing. The shop was closed today but the rest of the plant was operating.


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- Dogs & Dog Breeds
Dog Scorpion Stings, How Dangerous are They?
How Likely is Your Dog to be Stung by a Scorpion?
Dogs and scorpions, quite a scary match, especially if you live in the desert Southwest where these critters abound. Not all scorpions are created equal though. It is estimated that only 25 out of 1500 species are capable of killing a human. Of particular concern for humans and pets, is the venomous bark scorpion (Centruroides sculpturatus, Centruroides exilicauda) a small, light brown scorpion commonly found in the Sonoran Desert in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Learning more about a scorpion' s habits and preferred habitat can help you prevent bites. So how likely is your dog to be stung by a scorpion? Well, it depends on your dog, your area and several other factors. The inquisitive nature of dogs doesn't really help. Some dogs will not back away from a scorpion, often causing them to go sniff dangerously near them. Luckily, dogs are likely hesitant when they do this, keeping their body ready to spring back the moment the scorpion raises his tail in a threatening manner. This approach-avoidance stance keeps their reflexes ready. Fact is, scorpions can be quite quick to sting, and at times are much faster than your dog, and this is when your dog gets stung.
If you are worried about scorpions, consider that these critters are more active at night. Indeed, it's likely at night that you may find some stray scorpion in your home. Bark scorpions in particular are capable of entering through any entry ways under doors and windows that measure only 1/16 of an inch! They are also the only ones capable of climbing walls, trees, and other objects. Outdoors, during the day, the scorpion hides from the heat and is likely to be found under rocks, wood piles, or tree bark. They are often attracted by humidity, so you'll often find them under flower pots or a pile of humid towels. If your dog is a digger, you need to keep a watchful eye on him as he may dig out a scorpion.
Scorpions are particularly active during monsoon season, when it rains a lot and the high humidity levels attract all sorts of bugs.They seem to prefer areas with mesquite, cottonwood, and sycamore groves. If you irrigate your lawn and increase the environmental humidity around your home, you'll likely invite more scorpions over. Their preferred menu consists of crickets, so if there are crickets in your area, most likely there are scorpions. If you find parts of crickets in your home, most likely these are the leftovers of a scorpion's meal!
So how likely is your dog to be stung by a scorpion? As seen, it depends on a variety of factors, but also consider that VPI pet insurance has reported an increase in the number of claims involving scorpion stings. According to Grant Biniasz, Corporate Communications Specialist at VPI, "In 2008, scorpion stings were the 6th most common bite or sting, behind bee stings, spider bites, tick bites, wasp stings, and ant bites. All reported cases were located in Arizona. None of the animals experienced anaphylactic shock and all recovered uneventfully."
As a dog owner and owner/trainer of a board and training center in the rural desert Southwest, I always keep a watchful eye for scorpions and keep first-aid meds always handy just in case. I often inspect all areas at night with a UV light (scorpions glow under this light) and I use a natural scorpion repellent: cedar oil sprayed around all entryways. My dogs and our guests, on top of that, sleep in play pens that are covered by an insect net that won't allow access to bugs. It's sure a chore, but it's very important to keep us and our animals safe! Next, we will see the symptoms of scorpion stings and treatment.
Use this to spot scorpions in your home
Did you know? Scorpions are not really insects; rather they are under the class Arachnida, a group of joint-legged invertebrate animals which includes spiders, scorpions, harvestmen, ticks, mites and Solifugae. Unlike common insects, scorpions have eight legs, while insects have six. Also, it's wrong to say "I got bitten by a scorpion", the correct term is "I got stung" since scorpions have a stinger.
Effects of Scorpion Stings in Dogs
What should you watch for should your dog get stung by a scorpion? Generally, the severity of the sting and prognosis depends on how how large your dog is, how quickly you intervene, and the species of scorpion involved.All scorpion stings have a common factor: they are painful. This is due to the presence of digestive enzymes, according to Pet Place veterinarians. If you are unsure of the species of scorpion that has stung, it's always best to treat all scorpion stings as if they were delivered by a bark scorpion. If you suspect a scorpion bite, see your vet immediately, and if the specimen is available and can be safely collected, take it along.
*Note: scorpion bite symptoms may often mimic other medical conditions, and therefore, when exposure to the scorpion is not witnessed, the dog may be misdiagnosed as being exposed to something toxic or as having an epileptic attack.
Symptoms of scorpion stings in dogs:
- Pain, manifested through vocalizations, licking at the wound, mouth smacking and limping if the affected area is the paw or leg.
- Local swelling may be present.
- Nervous system problems such as muscle tremors, dilated pupils.
- Difficulty breathing.
- Eye tearing
- Drooling
- Swelling can also be a side effect of a scorpion bite.
- Difficulty breathing.
- Possible collapse and even death.
Treatment for Scorpion Stings
There are no home remedies for a scorpion sting. The best thing to do is to see the vet for supportive care. This often entails providing intravenous fluids and pain relief. Methocarbamol may give to reduce muscle spasms. For humans, there are scorpion antidotes, but these are not used in animals.
Always keep a 24-hour emergency vet phone number readily available. Time is of the essence. However, there are a few things you can do while you are on your way to the vet. Veterinarian Carol Osborne recommends removing the stinger if it's visibly lodged. A pair of tweezers would help in removing it. Then, a cold compress can be applied to the area of the bite. This cool compress will help slow down the absorption of the venom. In exchange for a compress, a bag of frozen vegetables wrapped in a cold, wet cloth may work too. The affected dog should be kept as calm as possible so to to prevent blood pressure from rising, further spreading the venom. Depending on the symptoms, the vet may recommend giving antihistamines (plain Benadryl) while on your way, so be ready to provide him with your dog's exact weight so he can prescribe the most appropriate dosage.
Disclaimer: this article is not to be used as a substitute for veterinary advice. If your dog got stung by a scorpion, consult with your vet immediately for the most appropriate treatment.
Alexadry, all rights reserved©, do not copy.
Starring: the bark scorpion
For further reading
- Dog Health: How to Stop a Dog From Chewing on a Woun...
How do you stop a dog from chewing and licking a wound? You are not alone! There are several solution to this problem to help you dog heal.
- How to Make a Dog's Nail Quick Recede
When you allow Rover's nails to grow too long, the quick grows along with the nail. Be careful when you decide to trim those nails and let the quick recede. Ask your groomer of vet for help!
- Vet-Approved Tips for Dealing with a Dog Broken Nail
Dog broken nails are very painful and tend to bleed profusely. While you can treat a broken nail at home, it's important to see your vet so to prevent infection and make sure no further trimming is needed.
- Using Betadine for Dog Wounds
If you're preparing a first aid kit for your dog, you want to make sure a bottle of betadine solution is included. Betadine for dog wounds has many qualities that make it superior to other disinfectants.
- Dog Fire Ant Bites
What are the signs your dog was bite by a fire ant and what can you do to treat those unsightly fire ant bites? Learn more about fire ant bites in dogs.
- Dogs and bee stings
As spring and summer approaches dogs spend more times outdoors in yards and parks. Unfortunately, dogs and people are not the only ones fond of the nice mild weather, relaxing green grasses and blooming flowers. Bees, wasps and others stinger bugs...
Well, I'll never know how dangerous they are, because those little devils never venture up north...and I'm quite pleased with that living arrangement. :)
Interesting and so useful about scorpion stings. Definitely a read for dog lovers. You have improved my knowledge on many subjects about dogs.Voted up!


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William James "Bill" Pullman (born December 17, 1953) is an American actor who is well known for his performance in Ruthless People, Spaceballs, While You Were Sleeping, Casper, Independence Day, Titan A.E. and 1600 Penn.
His only Disney roles so far are Bryan Denton in the 1992 musical film, Newsies and Commander Dolan in the 2004 Disney Channel Original Movie, Tiger Cruise. He also played Whitman Crawford in the 1996 Touchstone Pictures movie Mr. Wrong, Jack Callaghan in While You Were Sleeping and Earl Mott in Ruthless People.


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Sony Ericsson Xperia ray Discussions
Camera good or bad?
derfinsterling 23 Oct 2011, 06:44 posted on 0 0
I don't get it - the review for the Xperia Arc S mentions the camera, calling it pretty good. The Xperia Ray supposedly has the same camera, but the review calls the camera weak, with the pictures weak.
Sooo... what's the deal here? Or is the Arc showing the pictures better because of the Bravia screen enhancements?
Camera good or bad? discussion about Sony Ericsson Xperia ray


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FRANCE: Michelin ending Nigeria tyre making
Michelin, France's foremost rubber plantation operator and tyre manufacturer in Nigeria, has decided to stop production at its tyre factory in the west African country.
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Vogue Special Design S-4825; ©1957; One Piece Dress and Jacket. Slim skirt joins the bodice at waist-line. Very short sleeves. Box jacket with elongated collar. Below elbow sleeves with cuffs.
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Paleo Chicken and Dumplings
- 1 Tbsp. organic extra virgin olive oil
- 1 whole - 2lb. whole pasture-raised chicken, cut into pieces
- 1 large organic onion, minced
- 3 stalks organic celery, chopped
- 1 whole bay leaf
- ½ tsp. organic thyme
- 1 ½ tsp. Celtic Sea Salt
- 1 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
- ⅓ c. organic coconut flour
- ⅔ c. ground organic almond flour
- 2 large pasture-raised eggs
- Place the chicken in a large heavy soup pot or Dutch oven with a tight fitting lid.
- Add onion, bay leaf, thyme, half of the salt and pepper.
- Cover with filtered or spring water and bring to a simmer over medium heat
- Simmer the chicken until tender and thigh juices run clear, about 40 minutes.
- While the chicken cooks, make the dumplings. In a medium bowl, mix the coconut flour, almond flour, olive oil, and remaining salt until blended. Whisk the eggs and mix in to create a dough.
- Form a dozen dumplings and place on a plate.
- Remove the chicken from the pot. Remove the skin and separate the meat from the bones. Return the chicken meat to the pot. Keep warm over low heat
- Bring chicken soup back to simmering, then gently drop dumpling batter into stock. Do not stir the chicken once the dumplings have been added. Gently move the pot in a circular motion so the dumplings become submerged and cook evenly – about 4 to 5 minutes.
2921.37 kcal Calories, 431.3 mg Calcium, 42.83 g Carbohydrate, 901.5 mg Cholesterol, 218.39 g Total Fat, 20 g Fiber, 14.88 mg Iron, 453.34 mg Magnesium 3060.88 mg Potassium, 198.2 g Protein,158.23 mcg Selenium, 4319.19 mg Sodium, 13.61 g Sugars, 16.08 mg Zinc, 67.19g Saturated fat, 0.01 trans Fat, 93.47 g Monounsaturated fats, 41.22 g Polyunsaturated fats, 2165.18 IU Vitamin A, 3.78 mg Vitamin B6, 0.65 mcg Vitamin B12, 30.15 mg Vitamin C, 17.5 IU Vitamin D, 25.16 Vitamin E, 61.43 mcg Vitamin K, 188.73 mcg Folate,0.85 mg Vitamin B1(Thiamin),65.91 mg Vitamin B3(Niacin),2.24 mg Vitamin B2(Riboflavin), 0.12 mcg Lycopene, 515.06 mcg Lutein and Zeaxanthin, 1.44 g ALA, 0.09 g EPA, 0.29 gDHA,1952.85 mg Phosphorous, 3.4 mg Manganese, 0 mcg Alpha carotene, 348.39 mcg Beta carotene, 5.46 mcg Beta cryptoxanthin, 0 g Conjugated Linolenic Acid
- No Tubers
- No Fish
- No Pork
- No Shellfish
- No Gluten
- No Seeds
- No Soy
- No Dairy
- No Corn
- No Yeast
- No Peanuts
- No Grains
- No Molds
- No Legumes
- No Nightshade
- No Citrus
- No Red Meat
This recipe was kind of a disaster. I made th dumplings according to the directions and as soon as I dropped them into the broth, they insanely broke apart. Now the broth is a strange texture as if I had just dumped coconut and almond flour in it. Now the whole thing is a complete waste.
I have a pint of awesome free range chicken bone broth. If I use that instead of water, would that make it too rich? Would I just be wasting the broth?


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The race is now at capacity and out of consideration for runners and their race schedule planning, we've also capped the waitlist at 50 spots! For those of you on the waitlist...if spots open, they are given to those on the wait list on a first come, first serve basis. UltraSignup will not process your registration and your credit card will not be charged until after you're selected off the wait list and you choose to accept your spot in the race. Expect to start seeing movement on the waitlist around March or so. Please see the 'Registration Details' section below for more detailed information regarding our race's deferral/wait list process.
UPDATED WEATHER PROTOCOL - 5/16/2017The Sunderbruch B&B Trail Races will take place rain or shine. If the mountain bike trails that are used for the planned race course are closed due to weather, we will instead be using an alternate plan B course that utilizes the double track grass trails and paved pathway throughout the park. We've ran the plan B route and while it's certainly different from the dirt single track of the MTB trails, it's got a great flow of it's own and is far from flat and easy!As many of you probably know, the trails at Sunderbruch were built and are maintained by the hard working souls of FORC (the local mountain biking club). Thus, trail closure decisions are 100% up to them. Due to this, there is the possibility that come race day, trails could be closed due to excessive rainfall. In past years, we've received rainfall late into race week through Thursday and even Friday morning but due to the trails already being in great shape, their tendency to drain and dry out extremely quick and FORC's understanding nature, we were able to hold the race. In the rare likelihood that the trails are closed come race morning, we will still gather at the park and run the alternate course described above followed up with food, drink and merriment! Keep in mind, this is a very small grassroots event and with there being money already sunk into race costs, there is only so much we'll be able to do but rest assured EVERY effort will be made to return as much value back to the runner! Please DO NOT register if this is unacceptable to you. We hope you'll understand and will register early to help us put on another awesome event this year!
Please join us Saturday, May 20th 2017 for 5k-ish and 10k-ish trail running events on the beautiful single track trails at Sunderbruch Park in Davenport, Iowa presented by the Quad Cities Trail & Ultra Runners - (QC-TUR).Low registration fee covers the basics for the race, on course and start/finish aid, a piece of custom race swag, an awesome post race potluck with a ton of free bacon and craft beer, USATF Sanctioning and a guaranteed donation to Friends of Off Road Cycling (FORC) who are the awesome mountain bikers that built and maintain the beautiful trails at Sunderbruch.Our race is proud to be a part of the No Coast Trail Series for the 4th year in a row. For more details and to sign up for free go to: No Coast Trail Series. Check out all the other member races and help grow trail and ultra running on the No Coast!
Distances will be measured but more than likely won't be exactly 5k/10k. No whining. B&B is about having fun, enjoying the trails & the company of your fellow trail runners and partaking in some delicious bacon & beer! The ~5k will mostly follow the green MTB trails (Farmdale & Comlara) and will be pretty flat with just rolling little inclines. The ~10k will cover basically all the trails at the park and will include some quick sharp descents and climbs mixed with some more technical sections. The course is about 95% dirt single track with a short section of wide mowed grass trails mid race and a short parade loop in the parking lot at the start to help spread runners out before hitting the single track. Both courses are ideal trail running whether you're a speedy trail veteran or a middle to back of the pack trail rookie! We always have lots of first time trail runners and racers and we've never lost a single one!Sorry, no strollers or pets allowed on course but please feel free to bring your well behaved children and/or puppies to join in on the post race festivities!
$20 for either race distance through March. $25 late registration.No paper registration form. Online registration only.Online registration available until midnight on the night of May 18thCap of 150-ish racers (combined for all distances)***NO BIB TRANSFERS OR REFUNDS*** Last year, we hit capacity on March 1st. If we sell out early again, a wait list will be maintained and runners will be added to the event as spots become available in the order they joined the wait list. They will be notified via email of their selection and will have one week to either accept or decline the invitation. Beginning Saturday May 6th, that window of time shortens to 48 hours. When that time is up, the invitation will be passed to the next person on the wait list.If the race fills and pre-registered runners later realize they're unable to participate, please let us know ASAP via e-mail (link at the top right) or Facebook to open up spots for those on the wait list. If you do so, you will receive a deferred entry for the following year's race. The deadline to defer your entry is midnight on Friday, May 5th. There will be no morning of registration.***NO BIB TRANSFERS OR REFUNDS***
Park in the main parking lot on the north side of the park, right off Telegraph Road. Please consider carpooling or biking down to save on space and environmental impact.
Tons of bacon, tons of beer plus all pre-registered runners get some sweet swag. Simple, useful and awesome. Shirts are optional again this year. General feedback from past years' shirts is that they're incredibly comfortable, look awesome and are the best thing ever in the history of everything. Expect the same this year. Deadline to be able to add a shirt to your registration is Friday, May 5th. We'll order some extra shirts and have them available for sale race morning but sizes won't be guaranteed.Lots of bacon and beer will be provided for all runners. Delicious local craft beer is being generously provided once again by Great River Brewery located in Davenport, Iowa. We also encourage runners to participate in the potluck style post race party and bring sides and other dishes to share!
Friday night starting at 5pm, we'll be doing an informal packet pickup at Sunderbruch Park.A little later at night around 8:30, we'll be at Great River Brewery (332 E 2nd St, Davenport) for some more packet pickup time and a cold beer or two. Saturday morning, check in will start at 8am and go until 8:45am.Please consider stopping down Friday night either at Sunderbruch or GRB as it'll help with congestion come race morning.