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Liven up your party with Festive Orange Mid Weight Spoons
Amscan's Festive Orange Mid Weight Spoons are ideal for any large event. With 100 spoons in every pack and quality plastic, these spoons make big meals easy. The fun colors are guarenteed to make your meal spread stand out.
Disposable Cutlery GradeMedium-Weight
Disposable Cutlery MaterialPlastic
Disposable Cutlery Pack Size2/Pack-50/Pack
Disposable Cutlery TypeSoup Spoons
Color FamilyOrange
Disposable Cutlery Number of Pieces300
True ColorOrange
Width in Inches5.2
Length in Inches7.5
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A fully accredited, affordable, K-12 online private school.
*Discount based on full-year, full-time high school tuition with pay-in-full, and military or multi-child discounts. Actual discount may vary.
We are accepting applications for full-time schooling and individual courses from our online private high school, online private middle school and online private elementary school!
International Connections Academy is an affordable, college preparatory online private school for grades K–12. In our virtual classroom, students around the world work with certified teachers to reach their highest potential through fully accredited, uniquely individualized learning programs that include full-time schooling, individual courses, and summer school.
100% of our senior class graduated in 2015—and of those that applied to college, 100% were accepted.
Attend an event online or in person to learn more about how we set our international school students up for success.
Over 90% of parents would recommend International Connections Academy to other parents.
International Connections Academy is an accredited, virtual international school that offers students everything they need to reach their highest potential, wherever they are in the world. Learn all about the program options, outstanding curriculum, teachers, students, and more in our program guide.
iNaCA School Leader Hannah Rinehart discusses the many benefits of this school option for expat families
Accomplished High School Seniors Worldwide Graduate from International Connections Academy
iNaCA student Mackenzie Paul uses the flexibility of online school to balance education and her passion for art

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At graduation one of the things I mention to those who just finished getting their college degree is that "This place is always your home." Years spent in college fill with transitions, memories and significant events. Those who live on our campus, who study in the library, and who make life decisions here, must know they are always welcome back.
Homecoming events provide an opportunity to capture that "going home again" feeling by gathering with fellow classmates, seeing former professors, and rejoining the coach and team one more time. On the school's part, it makes us reflect on the work we do and honor those who make us so proud to be part of their lives.
All of us have some sour memories from our college years. At times, we can let those dark thoughts smother out the times of joy and the events of great satisfaction. Bitterness never makes for a happy life. Remembering the good in the past and reconnecting with people who played important roles in our lives almost always creates deep satisfaction and puts joy in our hearts.
Homecoming is not the only time to come home, but it is an important one. We'll leave the light on for you.
P.S. To look over the OVU 2017 Homecoming events, click here: https://www.ovu.edu/alumni/homecoming.html


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Feast of the Seven Fishes at Tuscan Kitchen
Award-Winning Tuscan Kitchen Restaurant in Salem, New Hampshire Celebrates Christmas Eve with Traditional Italian Feast
Join Tuscan Kitchen, the award-winning Italian restaurant experience, located just north of Boston in Salem, New Hampshire as it celebrates Christmas Eve with "festa dei sette pesci" The Feast of Seven Fishes dinner on Monday, December 24th, 2012 from 1:00PM to 8:00PM. Guests can look forward to a five course, prix fixe feast, featuring none other than seven types of seafood, alongside family and friends for only $65.00 per person. Pair your dinner with Tuscan Kitchen's amazing and extensive wine list. Tuscan Kitchen's regular menu will also be available for guests looking to order their favorite Tuscan dishes.
From the Italian imported limestone exterior, to the wood-fired open kitchen and warm staff, Tuscan Kitchen will transport you to Italy for Christmas Eve with the freshest and most authentic regional Italian fare in New England.
RSVP: Reservations accepted for parties of seven or more. Call ahead seating is available for parties smaller than seven. Please call (2) hours prior on Friday, Saturday and holidays. Simply call (603) 952-4875 before leaving your home or office and if on a wait, you will be added to the wait list ensuring priority seating! Upon arrival, please check in with the host at the front door. * There may be an additional wait when you arrive.
WHEN: Monday, December 24th, 2012, 1:00PM to 8:00PM
WHERE: Tuscan Kitchen, 67 Main Street, Salem, NH 03079 | (603) 952-4875
COST: $65.00 per person (tax and gratuity not included, beverages additional)
MENU: Tuscan Kitchen Feast of the Seven Fishes 2012 Menu:
Cacciucco "Tuscan Shellfish Stew":
Classic Fish Stew from Livorno Pan Seared Monkfish, Scallop & Clams, Tomato Saffron Brodo
Insalata Di Polpo Alla Griglia:
Wood Grilled Octopus & Fingerling Potato Salad, Warm Pancetta Dressing
Gambero Fritto:
Semolina Crusted Head on Prawn, Pan Seared, Lemon Extra Virgin Emulsion
Merluzzo Nero:
Pan Seared Black Cod, Maine Lobster & Focaccia Mista, Braised Cavolo Nero, Orange Zest Crèma
Valrhona Chocolate & Mascarpone Bread Pudding:
Salted Caramel Gelato
About Tuscan Kitchen:
Tuscan Kitchen is an upscale restaurant offering handcrafted regional Italian cuisine located in Salem, New Hampshire. Owner/Entrepreneur Joe Faro opened Tuscan Kitchen with one simple vision: recreating a true Italian experience. Everything from the imported Italian limestone on the building's exterior, to the 16,000 square foot interior featuring fireplaces, a wood-fired oven, custom-made Italian imported pasta-making equipment, ingredients and the menu reflects various regions of Italy. With 425 seats inside an expansive yet intimate dining room, four private dining rooms, two outdoor patios (upstairs terrace seats 24, downstairs patio seats 60), and a wine bar, Tuscan Kitchen is the perfect place for enjoying a bottle of wine or cocktails, dining on all occasions, special chef and wine tastings, and holding special events and private parties alike. Tuscan Kitchen is located at 67 Main Street, Salem, NH, 03079. Hours of operation are as follows: Lunch: Monday- Saturday, 11:30AM to 3:00PM, Sunday dinner & Pranzo menu, 12:00PM to 4:00PM and Dinner: Monday & Tuesday: 3:00PM to 9:00PM, Wednesday-Saturday:
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EnRoute Duet
Our flagship EnRoute Chardonnay and Pinot Noir come together in this beautifully boxed two-bottle gift. Named for the fog that gently envelops our Russian River Valley vineyards, the EnRoute Chardonnay, "Brumaire," leads with a beautifully fruit-floral perfume and finishes with bright acidity and crushed mineral notes. In the middle is a creamy texture that lends richness without weight.
A distinguished collection of Russian River Valley vineyards come together to create the backbone for our EnRoute Pinot Noir, "Les Pommiers." Silky, with rich fruit tamed by graceful tannins, subtle earth and floral nuances, this Pinot captures everything we love about the extraordinary Russian River Valley appellation.
A compelling, modern classic.
- 2014 EnRoute Chardonnay, Russian River Valley, "Brumaire"
- 2014 EnRoute Pinot Noir, Russian River Valley, "Les Pommiers"


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New here and to smoking. Got a masterbuilt smoker and smoked a boston butt last weekend. I used a recipe from this forum and everybody loved it. I can't wait to do something else and learn more. Live in N Ga. area.
post #1 of 3
4/24/16 at 4:08pm
Thread Starter


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Most people associate pomegranates (Punica granatum) with the late fall months. This may be because "Wonderful," which is not ready for harvest until the end of September or October, is the most common variety sold in grocery stores. When you grow your own pomegranate, you can choose an early variety that is ready to pick much sooner than the "Wonderful" pomegranates that appear in your local stores. Pomegranates that are ready the earliest may be picked as soon as the middle of August, depending on where you live. Regardless of the type of pomegranates you grow, for the best chance of a good harvest and a healthy tree, you should live in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 11.
Early-ripening Varieties
There are several varieties of pomegranate that ripen a month earlier than "Wonderful." "Eversweet," "Granada" and "Early Foothill" are all ready to pick around the middle of August in areas with optimal growing conditions like hot summers and adequate irrigation. When you see that your pomegranates have ripened, remove them from the tree because the fruit that remains is likely to split if it gets rained on or to attract fruit flies and ants.
Problems Affecting Fruiting
Too much nitrogen, or applying it to the pomegranate later than the winter or early spring, could increase the time it takes before the fruit ripens, or it could cause the plant to produce excess vegetative growth and reduce growth of the fruit. Keep your nitrogen application to 1/2 to 1 pound sprinkled around the plant once a year in the fall or winter. The amount of water a pomegranate gets can affect the fruit number and quality, and even the moisture in the air makes a difference. In humid regions, a pomegranate plant may not produce as many fruit because it is a plant that thrives in dry, hot regions. Your pomegranate plant may not produce as many fruit if you are in a place with cool summers. Pomegranates will produce fruit through self-pollination, but if you have a second pomegranate, cross-pollination between the two plants will increase your fruit harvest from both. Drought conditions, while they will likely not kill the tree, will dramatically reduce the amount of fruit the tree yields. Keep the soil moist during the summer months with regular watering.
Ripeness Characteristics
Knowing the characteristics of ripe pomegranates will ensure that you pick the fruit at the perfect time because pomegranates do not continue to ripen off the tree. Pomegranates with slightly squared sides, instead of a perfectly round shape, are riper because the arils inside are full of juice, which causes the fruit to bulge slightly. The crown's tips will appear to fold inward when the fruit reaches harvest time. The skin also softens enough to be scratched with only your fingernail. One of the best indicators is to listen to the fruit when you tap it. Ripe pomegranates make a metallic sound.
Harvesting Pomegranates
When you harvest your pomegranates, never pull them from the tree. Use a pair of shears to cut the stem as close to the fruit as possible. This prevents damage to the fruit and the plant. Once you pick your pomegranates, you can keep them in the refrigerator with temperatures between 32 and 41 degrees Fahrenheit for up to seven months. The ideal humidity for storage is between 80 and 85 percent to keep the fruit from shrinking, according to California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. While the fruit will not ripen any more, it will develop more flavor and become juicier. Always sterilize shears before use to prevent disease.
Related Searches
- California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc.: Pomegranate
- Floridata: Punica granatum
- University of California Davis Home Orchard: Growing Temperate Tree Fruit and Nuts in the Home Garden and Landscape Varieties for Planting in the Home Garden
- University of California Davis Placer County Master Gardeners: Ask a Master Gardener – Pomegranates
- University of California Fresno County Cooperative Extension: Pomegranate Program
- Photo Credit Comstock Images/Comstock/Getty Images


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pepers2 Review
leather storage bench
I put this in my guess room to set on or store some extra blankets in great.
- How did the color on site compare with the actual product? yes
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. very nice
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Author | Supriya Thanawala | Monday, Jan 08,2007 8:51 AM
Zee Café has decided to do some new things in this New Year. The channel, for the first time, plans to air Hollywood movies starting January. The channel will also air two reality shows – '8th & Ocean' and 'I Wanna be a Soapstar - Season II'.
'8th & Ocean' is a reality show based on the high stakes and competitive world of modeling, while 'I Wanna be a Soapstar - Season II' is a reality show aimed at finding the next soap star for the show 'All My Children'.
Some of the Hollywood blockbusters that the channel would show every weekend, starting January, include 'Universal Soldier', 'Havana', 'Psycho' and Johnny
Depp-starrer 'Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas', among others.
Neel Chakravorty, Business Head of Zee Studio and Zee Café, said that the reason they were starting movies on Zee Café was that they wanted to make it a general entertainment channel. "Efforts are being made from our side to make the channel a complete GEC, and this leaves space for movies within that. During the weekend, there is more interest for watching movies, which is why we have chosen this time slot," he added.
"We picked up '8th & Ocean' because we felt it would connect well with the audiences," he further said.
Programming HeadRadio Mango


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Belleair Health Care Center
Talk to a Family Advisor:
Reviews of Belleair Health Care Center
Flightcptn December 10, 2016
I visited this facility
I've been in the health care field for many years before retiring and neever expericed this level of customer service and friendliness of everyone at this place. Thank you!
Ncooley46 December 10, 2016
I am a friend or relative of a current/past resident
Flew down from New York and this place blows every bad stigma I have expericed about rehab facilities in my state. The care and compassion and the willingness of staff to help with anything my mother needed or myself. They treated us like family and it made me feel so comfortable flying back home knowing my mom is in good hands.
William036712 November 21, 2016
I am a friend or relative of a current/past resident
We chose Belleair Health Care Center because it was clean. The people were smiling, willing to talk to you, and the staff was very attentive to the clientele. It is very affordable.
Kona231 October 29, 2016
I am a friend or relative of a current/past resident
Top notch place. I flew in because my mother got ill and ended up in hospital and then needed rehab. We toured many places in area and Belleair by far was the best choice ever. She wasn't happy of course by not being able to just go home but she said she wouldn't want to be anywhere else. She said they treated her like family. I'm so thankful for Belleair as they got my mom back on her feet to a place she was happy. She ended up staying there long term and we are so happy with her care and kindness everyone has showed. Thank you!
AHCAALERT October 04, 2016
I am a friend or relative of a current/past resident
They meet the minimum requirements for staffing. Response time is poor even with a family member in the room. They accept patients from the community and their gym is too small to accommodate both of their inpatients and outpatients. They were rehabbing patients outside in the heat on their patio. I witnessed a patient in a wheelchair who had a pulley attached to a door (to a storage closet for walkers, etc.) on 9/28/16 She was working really hard and I praised her. Then a staff member asked her to stop her rehab as the staff member had to open the door to the closet. They took the pulley down and whisked the patient away. The communication is poor between family, patient and staff members. The patients may or may not get their allotted 2 showers a week depending upon whether they have a family member to advocate. My Mother waited 30 minutes in the middle of the night for an aide to assist her to the bathroom. She asked when she was admitted for only female aides and the aide that finally came was a male. They are attempting to clean up their act since I advised I contacted an Ombudsman and will be contacting AHCA and the Department of Insurance but this will be short-lived. Do not sent your parent(s) there.
Mona Pier July 19, 2016
Out of all the places my mom has been this place is a gem. The staff are one of kind and the everyone from the Administrator down will do whatever it takes to make mom's day better than the day before. Thank you so much!
Heather25 May 11, 2016
I am a friend or relative of a resident
Belleair East Health Care Center was clean, and my father somewhat liked the staff. He did not care for the food, so we were bringing food in for him. He was very happy with his physical and occupational therapist, but he was not able to do any other activities. They need to improve on the patience of the staff with their patients.
Nancy R1 January 15, 2016
I am a friend or relative of resident
My mom has been there since August 2015. We visit often and have gotten to know the staff well. They really like my mom and my mom really likes them--which says a lot! She even said out of the blue one night "they treat me pretty well here." If you knew my mom, that says so much! We have had interaction with the administrator, DON, maintenance, her normal nursing staff, laundry, dietary and have no complaints. They have all gone out of there way for us for one reason or another. The activities are amazing and we know we can always count on social services to answer our questions as well.
sfl34004 August 17, 2015
I visited this facility
I was told there number 2 in the state. I would like to know how they get this rating. I am saddened over the care they are giving my mother. She has falling out of bed twice in one week, she is a recent amputee and because they did not have a wound specialist on top of her she got an infection. We had sat down and talked about her dietary needs, I don't know why I wasted my time because it isn't being done. The head nurse has an attitude. If there a rehab and someone has a problem eating you would think they would work on it, but they haven;t. I'm very disappointed in them. I've tried to contact the administrator but he hasn't return my calls.
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About Belleair Health Care Center
Belleair Health Care Center is a nursing home in Clearwater, FL that provides patients with skilled nursing care as well as private or shared accommodations. Contact Belleair Health Care Center for more details on housing, services, and rates.
Features of Belleair Health Care Center
Medicare (ratings last updated: 06/16/17)
- Health:
- Overall:
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- Medicare Provider Number: 105636
- Ownership Type: For Profit Corporation
- Date Certified: 05/01/2017
- Resident Capacity: 120
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2001 Allegro
M-29OA Workhorse
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2001 prices include (2)air conditioners(Zephyr-3), generator, convection/microwave (where available) 2 TV's, driver side door (except Bus series), back-up camera/monitor, heated power mirrors, CD stereo, patio awning. Zephyr also has ''in motion satellite.'' Zephyr and Bus series has custom mud flaps and surround sound.
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text: Cecily Nicholson is the author of Triage (2011) and From the Poplars (2014), winner of the 2015 Dorothy Livesay prize for poetry, both with Talonbooks. She is administrator of the artist-run centre, Gallery Gachet and has worked since 2000 in the downtown eastside neighbourhood of Vancouver. Her work, both creative and social, is often in collaboration with artists and educators. She facilitates the Surrey Teacher's Association, Teachers Writing Group and is appointed to the Ethics Research Board for Emily Carr University. She has held residencies at: Thompson Rivers University, University of British Columbia Okanagan, University of Northern BC, the University of Windsor and Queens University.


text: Featuring adventure, comedy and interactive fun, Thomas Edison's Secret Lab demonstrates that invention can foster creativity, imagination, can-do spirit and positive entrepreneurism. The animated 26-part series, targeted to children ages 5 to 8, seeks to tap into kids' natural curiosity while encouraging them to push conventional scientific and technological boundaries through experimentation. Tune in Sunday mornings at 9 on KUAC TV Channel 9.1, or GCI Channel 9 & GCI Channel 657 for HD.


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- tearstain
- noun Date: 1922 a spot or streak left by tears • tearstained adjective
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
New Collegiate Dictionary. 2001.
tearstain — tear·stain (tîrʹstān ) n. A track or mark left by tears. tearʹ stained adj. * * * … Universalium
tearstain — noun /ˈtɪəsteɪn/ Any stain produced from tears from the eye … Wiktionary
tearstain — n. mark or trail of teardrop … English contemporary dictionary
tearstain — ˈ ̷ ̷ˌ ̷ ̷ noun 1. : a spot or streak left by tears 2. : a reddish or reddish green streaking of citrus fruits that occurs in some diseases (as anthracnose or melanose) or is caused by attacks of the rust mite … Useful english dictionary
tearstained — adjective see tearstain … New Collegiate Dictionary
citrus anthracnose — noun : a disease of various citrus plants (as orange, lemon, and grapefruit) caused by a fungus (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) and characterized by twig blight of mature tips, leaf spots, and fruit stains, spots, or rots compare tearstain … Useful english dictionary
tear streak — noun : tearstain 2 … Useful english dictionary


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Springer Precision Glock 9/40/.357 EZ +.25" base pads
Price: $17.50
Code: SPGEZ25BP
Weight: 0.02pounds
Additional InformationThe Springer Precision +.25 Extended Base Pads for Glock 9mm/.40/.357 calibers are CNC machined from aluminum and hard anodized in black, red and blue colors (select the color option you want from the drop down above). This magazine floor plate lengthens the magazine .25" to make for an easier, more reliable magazine change on the fly. They also allow you to use a magwell for positive inersts without adding capacity to the magazine. They are perfect for IDPA ESP, USPSA competition and with the use of any custom magwell. Increases empty mag weight 1.0 OZ for faster drops.
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Super Plus Beblesh Balm Triple Functions SPF50+ PA+++. Skin 79.
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Upgraded sunscreen that prevents skin discoloration and skin aging with UV A and B sun protection, a triple function beblesh balm that makes skin bright and smooth, strengthens skin's overall protection capacity and blocks melanin formation while giving elasticity to sagging skin. Phytosphingosine and Ceramide as similar ingredients to skin can strengthen skin's protective barrier and maintain balanced skin condition. OSMOPUR-N and Vital-V Complex soothe and protect a skin which can be easily damaged from various harmful environments to make a moisturized, healthy skin. Soft, moist texture with W/S component is lightly absorbed into a skin while excellent adhesion makes skin transparent and clean.
Use it proper quantity on the area of your face like patting at the last step of skin care.
Sun protection factor SPF50 + PA +++.
21 amber tone beige.
It Contains: 40 g.
Recommended for:
- Hides off and imperfections and pigmentation.
How to apply: Apply to freshly washed face with your fingers or with a brush esponjinta fluid makeup. In oily applied directly after the tonic; in dry skin after applying moisturizer to facilitate its implementation.
Once in the skin, wait a few minutes for it to melt. At first you will notice a lighter shade, but gradually becomes natural.
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The jellybean-blue waters and feathery green trees in the hit movie musical "Mamma Mia!" belong to the Greek island of Skopelos. The white sand shore of Kastani Beach is where Sophie and Sky are serenaded by "Lay All Your Love on Me" and where Donna and "the dads" bid Sophie and Sky goodbye in "I Have a Dream." Film producers scouted 21 locations before deciding on three stunning settings—Skiathos Island and Skopelos Island, which are among the Sporades Islands, and Damouhari on the mainland of Greece.
When deciding on the film's location, production designer Maria Djurkovic concentrated on the script, not the musical production. "On stage, you're creating much more of a fantasy," she explained, according to the website madeinatlantis.com. "On film, while it was important to maintain a certain theatricality, I had to create a world that was utterly believable and credible."
The mountainous peninsula near rocky Glysteri Beach on Skopelos Island was used as Sophie's wedding location. A cliff near the top of this peninsula was the spot where Sophie, Bill, Harry and Sam sang bits of "Our Last Summer" before leaping into the clear blue waves.
The fictional island of Kalokairi was "played by" the island of Skiathos. The smallest of the Sporades group of islands, Skiathos is located in the northwestern Aegean Sea. It is also the most developed island of the group. A hill on the eastern shore of the island features an amazing view of the St. Nikolaos Bell Tower of the small church of Aghios Nikolaos, where Sophie sends off her three wedding invitations to Sam, Bill and Harry.
Actors and producers faced a number of challenges, including unpredictable weather, filming at sea and an invasion of wasps.
Taking the story from stage to film meant making thoughtful, aesthetic decisions. "The trick to making this work is that it should be visually joyous … It's a musical," production designer Djurkovic said, according to madeinatlantis.com. "The spiritual bit is happy and joyous and slightly frivolous. But at the same time, the audience has to believe what's happening."
Tourists can visit the islands where "Mamma Mia!" was filmed. A one- or two-week package might include pickup and dropoff at the airport, accommodations at a seaside bed & breakfast, and a tour of the film sets.


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The Embassy strongly condemns the terrorist act committed in London on 3 June 2017. In these difficult moments, we express our full support for the British authorities and sincere condolences to the bereaved families, wishing a speedy recovery to those injured.
On 24 May, Charge d`affaires of the Embassy of the Republic of Moldova, participated at the Remembrance Ceremony dedicated to the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers.
The Embassy firmly condemns the appalling terrorist attack committed on innocent people, in Manchester, on 22 May 2017. We express our solidarity with all those who have suffered, as well as our full support to British authorities that deal with this difficult situation.
Academia Queen Elisabeta II for Leadership in International Affairs anunță despre un Program de burse la Academia Robert Bosch (Fellowships Rusia și Eurasia).
The Embassy condemns the hideous terror attack committed on 22 March in London. We express our solidarity and support to the British authorities and our sincere sympathy for the victims of the attack and their families and wish them full and speedy recovery.


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(850) 598-6470
Share Broker Profile
Affiliated Broker
Andrew Cagnetta
Mr. Jordan's business brokerage experience spans over fifteen years including the past seven years as Florida Real Estate Broker/Broker Sales Associate. He has personally been involved in over a hundred transactions ranging from "Main Street" businesses to complex multi-million dollar operations with both commercial real estate and business components.This very specialized area of business expertise requires the ability to analyze financial statements, formulate a justifiable opinion of fair market value, confidentially market the business opportunity to qualified buyers and lead the sales process through financing and closing. He has worked closely with SBA lenders for both 7(a) loans and 504 loans on a number of transactions and recently closed an SBA transaction over $1.5MM in Q1 2015.Mr. Jordan earned his Certified Business Intermediary (CBI) designation through the International Business Brokers Association and is one of less than thirty individuals in Florida to have earned this designation. He also holds credentials as a Certified Machinery and Equipment Appraiser and is a Florida Notary Public.Mr. Jordan is active in local community organizations and holds his Private Pilot's License with Instrument Ratings and his Advanced Class Amateur Radio License.
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In a record-shattering World Cup final, the U.S. Women's soccer team beat Japan 5-2. For their win, the U.S. team will earn $2 million. By comparison, Germany received $35 million in 2014 after winning the Men's World Cup Final in Brazil. Continue reading
On Tuesday, the U.S. women's soccer team scored a 2-0 victory against Germany to advance to the World Cup finals against Japan. Christine Brennan of USA Today and former U.S. goalkeeper Briana Scurry join Judy Woodruff to discuss the upcoming match, why the team has seemed to improve so much recently, and whether the league should reevaluate its policies on head injuries. Continue reading
Four teams are left as the Women's World Cup nears its climax. Germany, the number one team in the world, will face off against the U.S., the team with the top defense currently. Jeffrey Brown learns more about the matchup and key players from Christine Brennan of USA Today. Continue reading
The Women's World Cup is in full swing, and the U.S. pulled off a crucial 1-0 victory against Nigeria Tuesday night. With the win, they advances to the elimination round of the competition. Judy Woodruff speaks to USA Today columnist Nancy Armour about what's next for the team. Continue reading
Sepp Blatter, president of soccer's international governing body FIFA, stunned the world when he announced he would resign, just days after winning a fifth term. Yesterday it was reported that Blatter's top deputy had been linked to wire transfers believed to be bribes related to World Cup bids. Judy Woodruff talks to Declan Hill, author of "The Fix: Soccer and Organized Crime." Continue reading
Less than a week after a corruption scandal rocked the soccer world, FIFA president Sepp Blatter, who maintained he was the man to lead soccer's international governing body, has stepped down. Continue reading
Days after top officials were arrested on major corruption charges, Joseph "Sepp" Blatter won a fifth term as the head of FIFA, the governing body of the World Cup and international soccer. To discuss the geopolitics and economics behind Blatter's victory, Judy Woodruff talks to soccer analyst Roger Bennett and Franklin Foer, author of "How Soccer Explains the World." Continue reading
Sepp Blatter won a fifth term as president of the Federation Internationale de Football Association, or FIFA, on Friday, at the end of a week of major developments in separate Swiss and American investigations into widespread corruption in the soccer world. Continue reading
Swiss police entered a luxury hotel in Zurich on Wednesday and arrested seven FIFA officials on charges such as racketeering, wire fraud and money laundering in a case that involves more than $150 million in bribes. The Justice Department announced it was indicting 14 people. Afterward, Swiss prosecutors opened their own criminal proceedings. Gwen Ifill reports. Continue reading
The world's most popular sport is run by FIFA, a powerful group that rakes in billions of dollars. Today, authorities in both the U.S. and Switzerland launched probes into corruption and bribery within soccer's international governing body. Gwen Ifill discusses the dramatic announcement with Matt Apuzzo of The New York Times and ESPN's Jeremy Schaap. Continue reading


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text: This industry standard DC pump dispenses up to 15 GPM (57 LPM). The FR1210G is ideal for pumping gas, diesel fuel and kerosene. With an amp draw that's easy on your DC power source. Explosion-proof UL/cUL listed 1/4 HP motor. This FR1210G comes complete with 12 ft. static wire hose and manual nozzle. These models are ideal for pumping gas, diesel fuel, and kerosene–with an amp draw that's easy on your DC power source - a complete remote solar power solution for off-grid pump operation. Optimal charge/discharge performance - the system will run for 45 minutes with 6 hours peak sun per day or 22 minutes with 3 hours peak sun per day. Maximum run time without recharge -full battery discharge will occur after 1.8 hours of pump operation.


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|(We're just your average two teen guys, except for the fact we don't take anything seriously.)
—Chanceler Wells, Corpse Party: Interception
Chanceler Wells is an original character created by HeroLuka, that appears in all his fan-games.
In Corpse Party: Interception Chanceler has black hair and blue eyes, he wears a dark blue jacket and blue pants.
In Corpse Party: Shattered Soul Chacelers hair now has purple tips. He now wears a Kisaragi Academy uniform.
In Corpse Party: Interception he is described as: He's Matthew's best friend and won't hesitate to treat him like he's his younger brother. With a heart of gold, and high sense of humor, he too will attempt to make light of a situation and joke around with Matthew. His current interest is helping out the teens from Heavenly Host Elementary School and saving them from a cruel fate. Expressing so much interest as to drag Matthew in it, he's taken to Heavenly Host himself in hopes of cracking jokes here and there, and to warn the teens of their possible demise.
In Corpse Party: Shattered Soul he is described as: The main protagonist of the game. Unaware of the horrors that he was about to face, he lives his normal life in peace. Having recently been accepted into the transfer student program, he quickly gets used to life outside of America. With his best friend Matthew, they slowly get back into their non-serious demeanor as they constantly pick on each other. At first, it seems like they may annoy each other, but in actuality, Chance treats Matthew as if he were his little brother.
Corpse Party: Interception
Prologue: Innocent Curiosity
Chanceler goes over to his computer check if everything is alright and is reminded of the game "Corpse Party". He then drives over to his friend Matthew to pick him up, saying he wants to do something with him. After they are at Chanceler's place, he says that they will do the "Sachiko Ever After" charm to try to save the group of students that appeared in the game. Matthew says that it's a stupid idea, but agrees to do it. At first they look for some guns, but after realising the BB guns Chanceler had were gone, they perform the charm. Th earthquake starts and they are sent to Heavenly Host.
Chapter 1: Sudden Drop
Chanceler and Matthew wake up in one of the classrooms and decide to go look for Naomi and Seiko. They try to walk outside, but they see that the door is locked. After picking up the key, Ryou appears and tries to kill them, but the two guys escape. After that they both check out Classroom 5-A and another earthquake starts.
After the earthquake has passed Chanceler find out that Matthew has gone missing. He walks out the check where he is and goes to the Infirmary. Seeing as it is locked, he looks for the key and uses the bloody key he finds. Inside the infirmary, he sees Tohko. He tries to talk to her, and after a few misunderstandings, she decides to attack him, thinking he is a danger to her. Chanceler, while panicking, runs away.
Corpse Party: Shattered Soul
Prologue: New Arrivals
Chanceler wakes up in his bed after hearing someone talk to him. He goes to the kitchen to look for soda. Having found it, he drinks it and hears someone knock on the door. Before he can open the door, he sees a ghost of a girl in a red dress, who starts to chase him. The player then has the choice of letting her catch him, or run back to his room to escape.
He wakes up in his bed, realising it was only a dream. Depending on what happens the night before, he'll complain about injuries on his neck. Next day he goes over to Matthew to take him with him. They both go over to Chanceler's house to play some games, but before they do that Chanceler gets a call, saying that the exchange program sends them to Japan over at Kisaragi Academy to be students there for the whole year. They both get excited and get ready.
Over in Japan they get an apartment and live together. Chanceler once again sees The same ghost, but this time she disappears without causing harm. While at school they meet the students of Class 2-9 and befriend them.After a few months, in October, they all do the "Sachiko Ever After" and end up in Heavenly Host.
- Chanceler has a dog named Shadow.
|Corpse Party: Interception
(RPG Maker VX Ace)
|Prologue, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3
Chapter 4, Chapter 5
|Corpse Party: Shattered Soul
(RPG Maker VX Ace)


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I'm pretty short, only 4' 11 but I've never really thought that it was a problem. That was until there was a group of girls, significantly taller than me, claim that guys wouldn't find me attractive because of my height. It made me wonder.. I had never thought that height was something that could make you attractive or unattractive... but is my height a negative quality to guys?
Most Helpful Guy
First thing you need to know is many guys don't like girls to be taller than them, at least if it's somebody they're considering going out with, so you have that on your side. I personally love short girls! They just seem so much cuter and taller girls can sometimes be intimidating. Some guys like girls closer to their height though, usually super tall guys, but preferences are different for everybody, I'd say it's better to be shorter than taller though, shorter girls just make men feel more masculine.00|00|0


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JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
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conditional pricing and designAsked by tony on November 20, 2016 at 07:38 PM
Hey all,
I have a business that involves international transactions.
In our business a client will send a sum for us to do a service on their behalf and we will need for them to: (a) see how much it converts to, based on the currency that they are using; and (b) the fee we charge is based on the amount they are sending (the more they are sending the higher our fee).
Do your forms allow for this? If yes, do you have consultants that build out hese forms?
JotForm Support
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 2, 1993
|Filing date
|Jul 17, 1990
|Priority date
|Jul 17, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert Schimpe
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (22), Referenced by (55), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention is directed to an arrangement for a distributive feedback (DFB) laser as an optically stabilized feedback amplifier.
An arrangement wherein a (positive) feedback is achieved with optical radiation into a DFB laser is disclosed in an article by H. Kawaguchi et al entitled "Tunable Optical-Wavelength Conversion Using an Optically Triggerable Multielectrode Distributed Feedback Laser Diode", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol 24, No. 11, November 1988, pp. 2153-2159. This article describes a DFB laser having a saturatable absorber, whose effect is that the DFB laser operating below the laser threshold can be activated by a beamed-in light. This apparatus is also provided for wavelength tuning.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,164, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference thereto and which claims priority from the same two applications in the United Kingdom as published European Specification 0 174 729, discloses a method for amplifying an optical signal. The method comprises infeed of an optical signal to be amplified into the active layer of a semiconductor laser structure, through which a driver current flows, whereby an amplified signal is emitted by the active layer, and whereby, in this method, the wavelength λM of the amplification maximum given this driver current for the lower power limit of the optical input power a longer λUPPER of the two wavelengths given zero amplification with the drive current for the lower power limit of the optical input power. The wavelength λ of the optical signal to be amplified is limited by the following equation:
λUPPER >λ>λM
An arrangement wherein a constant optical amplification is achieved by an optical radiation into a semiconductor laser is described in a publication by W. F. Kosonocky et al entitled "GaAs Laser Amplifiers", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. QE-4, No. 4, April 1968, pp. 125-131. This publication describes a semiconductor laser having a Fabry-Perot resonator wherein the light to be amplified is beamed-in perpendicular to the propagation direction of the laser light.
An object of the present invention is to specify an arrangement having a semiconductor laser with which, among other things, a constant optical amplification can be achieved in a simple manner.
The object of the present invention is achieved by an improvement in an arrangement having a semiconductor laser that comprises means forming a wavelength filter, at least one optical amplification medium and a resonator, the means forming a wavelength filter selects a wavelength λL providing for the laser operation and wherein the amplification medium comprises a marked wavelength (λM), whereat a gain in the amplification medium is maximum, given laser operations. The improvements are that the means forming a wavelength filter is fashioned so that the difference between the threshold gain of the resonator and the gain of the amplification medium in the laser operation is lower at the selected wavelength (λL) than at the marked wavelength (λM) and that the arrangement includes an apparatus for the optical radiation of the amplifying medium with at least one wavelength.
Preferably, the means forming a wavelength filter is a grating. Preferably the semiconductor laser comprises a waveguide as an integral component part and the apparatus for the optical irradiation is an external waveguide coupled to this waveguide of the semiconductor laser. The external waveguide can be a fiber guide which is doped with erbium. Preferably, the end faces of the existing resonator of the semiconductor laser are provided with anti-reflection coatings and the arrangement includes an apparatus for the outfeed of the radiation from the semiconductor laser. The semiconductor may contain an optically saturatable absorber. Preferably, the selected wavelength λL differs from the marked wavelength λM by at least so much that the wavelength filter is transmissive for the marked wavelength. The beamed-in wavelength is outside of the wavelength arranged around the selected wavelength λL, at which the wavelength filter is selectively reflective.
The arrangement of the present invention can be used as an optical feedback amplifier, wherein the strength of the applied operating current (IV) is set such that the semiconductor laser emits at the selected wavelength, and whereby the beamed-in light has a wavelength at which the wavelength filter is transmissive. The optical feedback amplifier can be characterized in that the wavelength of the beamed-in light approximately corresponds to the marked wavelength λM. The arrangement can be used as a tunable optical wavelength converter, wherein the selected wavelength λL is employed as an output signal. The arrangement can be used in an optical logic gate, wherein the beamed-in optical intensity is increased so that the laser emission of the selected wavelength λL is entirely quenched. In addition, the arrangement can be used as an optical pulse regenerator or an optical controllable pulse generator. The arrangement can also be used as a phase modulator by varying the refractive index of the amplification medium by means of a variation of electrical pumped rate in variation of the intensity of the optical irradiation. Finally, when the fiber guide is used with a fiber amplifier, the radiation of the selected wavelength λL emitted by the semiconductor laser is employed for the optical pumping o this fiber amplifier.
Other advantages and features of the invention will be readily apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, the drawings and claims.
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross sectional view through an arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the threshold gain Gt of the resonator, the gain Gm of the amplifying medium, and the gain Ga of the absorbent medium in laser operation with the plots showing gain versus wavelength;
FIG. 3 shows a radiant power of the laser entered over the power of the beamed-in light with the operating current as a parameter;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of the invention as it functions as a fiber amplifier;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an alternate arrangement of a fiber amplifier using the arrangement of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an illustration of the arrangement of the present invention as part of an opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC);
FIG. 7 is a transverse cross sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a wavelength switch using the arrangement of the present invention.
The principles of the present invention are particularly useful when incorporated in the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1. The arrangement includes a semiconductor laser 2 having at least one (facultatively tunable) narrow-band wavelength filter and having at least one optical amplification medium, so that it is possible to generate laser emissions at a selected wavelength λL. This selected wavelength λL is preferably different from a wavelength λM of maximum gain of the amplification medium given laser operations, and which is referred to as a marked wavelength λM.
For example, the wavelength filter can be a waveguide Bragg reflector potentially having phase-shift gratings 4 or having electronically tunable shift zones. The bandwidth Δλ of, for example a Bragg reflector amounts to:
Δλ=λL 2 K/(πng R1/2),
whereby R is the allowed residual intensity reflection of the filter outside of the bandwidth of the filter, λL is a selected wavelength that has already been defined, K is a coupling factor of the Bragg reflector grating for 180� reflection of the grating and ng is the effective group refractive index of the waveguide.
Since the residual intensity reflection R can become, at most, equal to 1, Δλ is at least equal to the stop band ΔλS =λL 2 K/(πng) of the waveguide Bragg reflector. In order to be able to sweep a great range with the wavelength, the coupling factor should be optimally low. For example, a stop bandwidth of ΔλS =0.19 nm occurs for a coupling factor K=10 cm-1, a wavelength λL =1550 nm and the effective group refractive index ng =4. When a residual intensity reflection of R<1% is required, then the beamed-in light should avoid an approximate 2 nm width wavelength Δλ around the laser wavelength λL. What would be characteristic of the optical irradiation within this wavelength range is that the wavelength λ must be selected exactly to fractions of a nanometer, due to the resonance effect in the wavelength filter. Given an appropriate selection of the wavelength λ, reflection instead of transmission of the beamed-in light can even occur. The wavelength λ is freely selectable outside of this wavelength range Δλ; however, wavelengths λ close to the marked wavelengths λM are especially advantageous.
Due to the anti-reflection coatings 5 on the end of the semiconductor laser 2, radiation 11 having a wavelength λ outside of the recited bandwidth Δλ of the wavelength filter can pass through the resonator largely unimpeded. A part of the beamed-in light 11 can also be reflected back out of the resonator amplifier. The optical amplification medium is composed of, for example, an AlGaAs or InGaAsP double heterostructure having a pn-junction. The optical waveguide parallel to the semiconductor layers, for example, can occur with a MCRW (metal clad ridge waveguide) structure or with a BH (buried hetero) structure. The amplification medium can also contain quantum wells. In order to generate the optical amplification, the density of the electrical carrier and the amplification medium is increased, for example by injection of a current IV in the forward direction of the pn-junction or by optically pumping.
The arrangement also includes a device for directing optical radiation into the amplifying medium that, for example, can be fashioned as a waveguide layer 3 in the semiconductor laser 2 and for outcoupling of the optical radiation. The wavelength λ of the beamed-in radiation 11, preferably, lies close to the marked wavelength λM and, preferably, lies outside of the above-mentioned bandwidth Δλ of the wavelength filter. The apparatus for incoupling and outcoupling of the radiation 11, for example, can be composed of fiber guides or conductors 1 and 10 and, potentially, of a filter F arranged between lenses 9 for coupling the radiation out of the semiconductor laser 2. This filter F reflects the laser emission 12 perpendicularly out of the beam path and allows the in-coupled radiation 11 to pass.
In an alternate embodiment, an optical saturatable absorber, preferably pumped by radiation at the selected wavelength λL can be integrated in the semiconductor laser 2. The structure in FIG. 1 would then be established by the boundaries illustrated in broken lines, wherein an absorber 30 is formed by a separate layer or portion of the layer of material in the plane of the waveguide layer 3. As shown, the grating 4 can also be fashioned only in the region above the amplifying medium. The appertaining electrodes, for example the first electrode 6 for the operating current IV, a second electrode 7 for the absorber current IA and a common third electrode 8 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A fourth electrode 80 is also facultatively provided for a phase-shift current IP. The medium having the saturatable absorption is composed, for example, of AlGaAs or InGaAsP double hetero-structure having a pn-junction. Absorbent medium can also contain quantum wells.
The pn-junction can be biased in a backward direction in order to increase the absorption. Given light irradiation, a current IA can then flow. Dependent on the applied goal, the electronic energy band EA of the absorption medium can be different from or the same as the electronic band gap EV of the amplification medium. The absorbent medium is preferably situated inside the resonator.
A diagram is illustrated in FIG. 2 and has the threshold gain Gt of the resonator, the gain Gm of the amplification medium in the laser operation and (the essentially negative) gain Ga of the absorbent medium all plotted relative to the wavelength. The electronic band gaps EV and EA of the amplifying and, respectively, absorbent medium are likewise shown. The gain Gm of the amplification medium is maximum at the wavelength λM. The selective wavelength λL is defined by the integrated wavelength filter. The fashioning or, respectively, dimensioning of the wavelength filter, for example of a grating 4, must be selected so that the difference between the threshold gain Gt of the resonator and the gain Gm of the amplifying medium for the wavelength λL is lower than for the wavelength λM. What is achieved is that a curve of the gain Gm of the amplification medium assumes the position shown in FIG. 2 when the operating current IV is increased. The semiconductor laser 2 then emits at the wavelength λL. Since the maximum of the curve of the gain Gm of the amplification medium is situated under the threshold gain Gt of the resonator at the location λM, the semiconductor laser will not emit with this marked wavelength λM , at which it would resonate without the wavelength filter. An adequate low minimum of the curve of the threshold gain Gt of the resonator at the point λL is achieved on the basis of the corresponding fashioning of the wavelength filter. For this purpose, the grating 4 must have a low coupling degree and a great length. The Bragg grating having K=10 cm-1 coupling efficiency should therefore have a length of at least approximately 1000 μm.
FIG. 3 shows the dependency of the intensity of the laser emission on the intensity of the beamed-in radiation, dependent on the operating current IV. The curve is shifted in the direction of the arrow when the operating current IV that manages the electrical pumping becomes higher. A high optical radiant intensity PIN in the active medium occurs due to the radiation at the wavelength λ of high optical gain of the amplification medium, i.e., λ is in the proximity of the marked wavelength λM. The number of available electron carriers decreases with increasing optical radiant intensity PIN at the wavelength λ, so that the laser power PLASER correspondingly decreases at the wavelength λL. FIG. 3 shows the optical control of the laser emission of an InGaAsP DFB laser at the wavelength λL =1280 nm. The laser emission of the wavelength λL can be shut off by beaming in a fraction of the intensity of the laser power at a wavelength λ=1300 nm of the maximum of the optical gain in the laser operation. The optical gain is thereby maintained in a relatively broad wavelength range around the wavelength λ L of the laser oscillation when adequate laser power is present at the wavelength λL. This optical feedback, due to the laser power at the wavelength λL, can achieve control times down to picoseconds, given semiconductor laser amplifiers. The arrangement works as an optical feedback amplifier or as a (facultatively tunable) wavelength converter dependent upon whether the light of the wavelength λ or λL is employed as an output signal. When the wavelength λL is shorter than the wavelength λ of the beamed-in light, the optical gain of the feedback amplifier is especially stable or, respectively, the wavelength conversion is particularly efficient.
Due to additional irradiation of the light of a local oscillator at the wavelength LLO in the proximity of the wavelength L of the irradiated (signal) light, the efficiency of the wavelength conversion can be increased. The increase in the efficiency is based o signal intensification by coherent superposition of optical waves. When the signal light is composed of a plurality of optical channels having the wavelengths L1, . . . , LJ . . . , LN, the coherent signal intensification can be used for the selection of, for example, the Jth channel having the wavelength LJ. The information of the Jth channel is available at the wavelength LJ ". By driving a further wavelength converter, the information can be converted onto the desired wavelength, particularly into the original wavelength range L1, . . . , LN as well.
The laser emission can be entirely quenched due to an adequately strong input signal (function as an optical invertor). The optical control of the laser power can also occur on the basis of a plurality of input signals and a different wavelength under certain circumstances (function as an optical NOR gate). The dependency of the laser power on the input signal becomes non-linear when a medium having optically saturatable absorption is located in the beam path or, respectively, in the resonator. the non-linearity is the absorbent medium EA is equal to or greater than the electronic energy band gap EV of the amplification medium. The absorption can then be preferably influenced by light having the wavelength λL.
The laser power is lowered by irradiation: however, the absorption in the resonator is also lowered as a consequence. Due to this optical, non-linear behavior, the laser oscillator ceases above a defined threshold of the irradiated power so that an optical pulse regeneration with a signal inversion is achieved.
When an optically saturatable absorber preferably has an electronic band gap EA equal to or less than the electronic energy band gap EV of the amplification medium is additionally situated inside the resonator, then the optical pulse sequence at the wavelength λL can be generated by as corresponding selection of the arrangement and operating mode. The intensity and repetition rate of this pulse sequence can be influenced by irradiation at the wavelength λ.
When the intensity of the laser emission at the wavelength λL is varied by the optical irradiation at the wavelength or is varied as well by modulation of the pump rate of the amplification medium, then the refractive index of the amplification medium is also modulated. This modulation of the refractive index can be employed for modulation of the phase or frequency of the beamed-in signal wave.
FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of the invention wherein the device provided for the in-coupling of the light is composed of a fiber guide fashioned as a fiber amplifier. A semiconductor laser 2 is situated at an output of the fiber amplifier, which amplifier is doped with erbium so that the laser light having the wavelength λL emitted by the semiconductor laser 2 is shorter by λ=1500 nm in the wavelength range than the marked wavelength λM of the maximum of the gain of the amplification medium of the semiconductor laser 2. The laser light 12 having the wavelength λL can then be employed for optically pumping the fiber amplifier 20. The signal light 11 having the wavelength λ greater than λL that is amplified by the amplifier 20 passes through the semiconductor laser 2 with either further optical amplification or largely without any amplification, depending on its particular wavelength.
An embodiment of the inventive arrangement of FIG. 4 is illustrated in FIG. 5, wherein a surface-emitting semiconductor laser is employed. Such a surface-emitting semiconductor laser is characterized in that the laser light of the selected wavelength λL is coupled out perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 2 on which the active layer of semiconductor laser is grown. In a simple way, the arrangement of FIG. 5 combines the in-coupling of pumped light having the wavelength λL into the fiber amplifier 20 with the out-coupling of the signal light 11 having the wavelength λ from the fiber amplifier. A Bragg reflector 13 having a higher reflection than at the input of the semiconductor laser is situated at the output of the semiconductor laser. The pump light is, therefore, coupled only in the direction of the fiber amplifier. Only the amplified signal 11 emerges at the other end of the semiconductor laser.
In the modified form, the arrangement corresponding to FIG. 4 can be utilized for controlling a chip-to-fiber coupling. As illustrated in FIG. 6, a semiconductor laser 2 is utilized that is not a surface-emitting, but is an edge-emitting laser. This laser is part of an opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC).
For an optical signal processing on the OEIC 15, the amplified signal 11 having a wavelength λ can be supplied via a planar waveguide and branchers to further components, such as, for example, filters, modulators, photodetectors, and optical logic gates. Given a corresponding arrangement, the coupling losses between optical fiber and the OEIC are compensated in a simple way by optical pre-amplifiers in the fiber amplifier. In particular, an optical receiver with low-noise, optical pre-amplifier can be realized by the optical fiber amplifier followed by the semiconductor laser 2, the filter F and the photodetector. It is not necessary for this arrangement that the wavelengths λM and λL are different, so that the difference between the threshold gain of the resonator and the gain of the intensifying medium in the amplifier operation is identical at the selected wavelength λL and at the marked wavelength λM.
An actively controlled amplification of the light signal can be provided in such an arrangement. The part of the spontaneous emission of the semiconductor laser 2 or a part of the amplified signal light is detected in a control component 14 and a setting current IV for the semiconductor laser is created therefrom. As a result of this control, the OEIC can work at defined levels of signal light independent of the fluctuations in the infeed degree of the fiber and independent of the fluctuations in the level of the signal light in the fiber. When the Bragg grating in the semiconductor laser is omitted, then a travelling wave amplifier on a semiconductor basis will occur. The control of the level of the signal light can then also be realized with an optical fiber without optical amplification.
FIG. 7 shows an especially advantageous, alternative embodiment in cross-section. The saturatable absorber is thereby established by the layer 31. Two grating layers 18, 19 for the formation of the Bragg grating are situated over this layer 31. The uppermost or, respectively, lowest courses of the boundary broken lines. The intensifying layer provided for generating the laser emission is arranged on these grating layers 18, 19 as a waveguide layer 32. This waveguide layer 32 is laterally limited. A contact 82 is applied onto the uppermost grating layer 19 to the side of the waveguide layer 32 in that region not covered by the waveguide layer 32. The vertical limitation of the waveguide layer 32 ensues with the cover layer 21 in whose middle a mesa 22 is fashioned. The regions of the surface of the cover layer 21 lying to each side of this mesa 22 are insulated with an oxide layer 23. A contact 81 is applied on the oxide layer. The oxide layer 23 together with this contact 81 serve the purpose of laterally limiting the laser emission to a region that lies essentially under the mesa 22, corresponding to the MCRW principle. The current injected via the substrate contact 8 is limited to the region under the mesa 22 by a barrier layer 16 that is integrated in a buffer layer 17.
The grating layers 18, 19 act both as optical coupling layers as well as electrical conductor layers for the common ground contact for the intensifying medium (waveguide layer 32) and for the absorbent medium (layer 31). In the illustrated arrangement, the coupling layers are n-doped. Both the intensifying medium as well as the absorbent medium can contain quantum wells. A fourth electrode for a phase-shifter current can be forgone in this arrangement. In the present exemplary embodiment, the substrate can, for example, be p+ -InP, the barrier layer 16 can be n+ -InP, the buffer layer 17 can be p-InP, the layer 31 can be 1.6 μm-InGaAsP, the lower grating layer 18 can be n-1.3 μm-InGaAsP, the upper grating layer 19 can be n+ -InP, the waveguide layer 32 can be n-1.5 μm-InGaAsP and the cover layer 21 can be p-InP.
S. Mukai et al, "Coupled parallel waveguide semiconductor laser", Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 1984, pages 478-480 describes a semiconductor laser having two optically coupled intensification layers that can be separately, electrically driven. In contrast to the work of Mukai, the structure of FIG. 7 comprises a Bragg filter and use different materials for the intensifying and for the absorbent layer.
M. C. Amann et al, "Tuning Range and Threshold Current of the Tunable Twin Guide (TTG) laser", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 1989, pages 253-254, describes a semiconductor laser having an intensifier layer and a tuning layer that are optically coupled and can be separately electrically driven. By contrast to the work of Amann, an absorbent layer, for example, is inventively employed instead of the tuning layer, this absorbent layer is capable of being pumped by the laser emission.
FIG. 8 shows the block circuit diagram of a wavelength switch upon employment of the structures of the invention having N wavelength-selective wavelength converters (referenced with wave lines) and N tunable wavelength converters (referenced with arrows). By contrast to traditional arrangements (see, for example E. J. Bachus et al, "Optical Coherent Multicarrier Switching Equipment", IOOC'89, Japan, 1989, paper 20D2-2), the switching of optical channels in the structure of the invention ensues on the basis of multiple optical wavelength conversion, as a result whereof optical filters or electronic intermediate stages can be potentially saved. In the illustrated arrangement, N channels in a wavelength band that contains the wavelength L1, . . . , LN are converted into a second wavelength band that contains the wavelengths L"1, . . . , L"N and are subsequently again converted into a third wavelength band that contains the wavelengths L'"1, . . . , L'"N. The first wavelength band and the third wavelength band can also be identical. In this case, for example as entered in FIG. 8, the wavelengths L"1, . . . , L"N of the second wavelength band are transformed back into a permutation of the original wavelengths L1, . . . , LN in the first wavelength band. The wavelength band of the wavelengths L1 through LN is higher, i.e. these wavelengths are longer than the wavelength band for the wavelengths L'1 through L'N. The information for the pattern of the permutation of the optical channels can, for example, be brought to the wavelength switch by optical signals. In the present example, the wavelength-selective wavelength converters (entered with wave line) are each respectively composed of an electronically tunable local oscillator following by an optical phase shifter, an optical polarization rotator and a wavelength converter of the invention. As wavelength filters, these wavelength converters of the invention have a grating of the second order that effects an emission of the transformed wavelength spatially turned by 90�. As described above, the selection of the wavelength to be transformed occurs by an additional irradiation with an unmodulated radiation having a wavelength that at least approximately corresponds to the wavelength to be selected. The wavelength converter of the invention emits the signal modulated on the selected wavelength on a new wavelength that is defined by the grating integrated in the appertaining wavelength converter. In the drawing, the beamed-in wavelengths are referenced L1 through LN. A non-modulated radiation having the wavelength L'1 that at least approximately corresponds to one of the wavelengths L1 through LN, for example LK, is beamed into the first selective wavelength converter. The remaining wavelengths pass the wavelength converter practically unimpeded (arrow directed toward the right in FIG. 8). A wavelength L"1 that is modulated with the original signal modulated onto LK is beamed out perpendicular to this beam direction. This wavelength L"1 is transformed in an electronically tunable wavelength converter of the invention, for example into one of the original wavelength L1 through LN. The analogous case occurs with the remaining wavelengths in the pairs of wavelength-selective and tunable wavelength converters respectively provided therefor. In this way, a superimposition of, for example, the original carrier frequencies L1 through LN is obtained at the output of the arrangement, whereby the respective modulations are now distributed onto these carrier wavelengths in a different permutation. A permutation of the numbers 1 through N is referenced with the indices π1, . . . , πn in FIG. 8.
Although various minor modifications may be suggested by those versed in the art, it should be understood that I wish to embody within the scope of the patent granted hereon all such modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of my contribution to the art.
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|"An optical-wavelength conversion laser with tunable range of 30 Å" Yamakoshi et al, OFC '88 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication; OFC '88 Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, pp. PD10-1-PD10-4.
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|Review of rate earth doped fibre lasers and amplifiers , Urquhart, IEE Proceedings , vol. 135, pt. J, No. 6, Dec. 1988, pp. 385 407.
|Tunable Optical Wavelength Conversion Using an Optically Triggerable Multielectrode Distributed Feedback Laser Diode , Kawaguchi et al, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics , vol. 24, No. 11, Nov. 1988, pp. 2153 2159.
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|U.S. Classification
|359/344, 359/339, 372/20, 372/50.21, 359/346
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 20, 1990
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, A GERMAN CORP., GERMAN
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Question: Discuss the role the Advertising Self Regulatory Council plays in the
Discuss the role the Advertising Self-Regulatory Council plays in the self-regulation of advertising. Discuss the arguments for and against self-regulation as an effective way of protecting consumers from misleading or deceptive advertising as well as companies competing against one another. Do you view self-regulation as an effective way o protecting consumers from misleading or deceptive advertising?
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Answer to relevant QuestionsDiscuss the role of integrated marketing communications in the marketing program of a product such as Gatorade. How can Gatorade use the various IMC tools to achieve its objectives of expanding into the sports nutrition ...IMC Perspective 20-1discusses the battle that marketers of hard liquor have waged to advertise on television and the broadcast networks in particular. Do you agree with the DISCUS argument that for hard liquor should be ...Discuss how the Do-Not-Call" Registry developed by the Federal Trade Commission is impacting the direct marketing industry. What arguments might direct marketers use in trying to have this program rescinded?Economists argue that advertising can be a barrier to entry for many companies that simply cannot come up with the money required to initiate an effective advertising campaign. At the same time, SPANX has succeeded without ...The cost of a personal sales call is very high relative to one exposure in other media, and continues to rise. Explain how effective utilization of the Internet can help bring these costs down.
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text:
Summer Fruit CrispPublished: June 2014
Master the wondrously light, streusel-like topping of this bubbly baked summer fruit crisp.
Ingredients8 Servings
Oat Topping
- ⅓ cup all-purpose flour
- ¼ cup (packed) light brown sugar
- ½ teaspoon kosher salt
- 1 cup old-fashioned oats, divided
- ½ cup (1 stick) chilled unsalted butter, cut into pieces
- 8 cups sliced stone fruit, berries, or pitted cherries
- 1 cup sugar
- 2 tablespoons cornstarch
- 1 teaspoon finely grated lemon, lime, or orange zest
- 2 tablespoons fresh lemon, lime, or orange juice
- Pinch of kosher salt
Oat Topping
Pulse flour, brown sugar, salt, and ¾ cup oats in a food processor to blend. Pulse in butter until no dry spots remain. Transfer to a bowl and work in remaining ¼ cup oats with your fingers.
Preheat oven to 375°. Toss fruit with sugar, cornstarch, zest, juice, and salt.
Transfer mixture to a 2.5-qt. baking dish. Scatter oat topping over, place on a baking sheet, and bake until fruit juices are bubbling and topping is golden brown, 60–70 minutes. Transfer to a wire rack and let cool 1 hour.
Photograph by Peden + Munk


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Google Play: All Your Favorite Apps in One Place
Google Play is a digital distribution platform which serves as the official app store for the Android operating system. It allows users to download applications developed with the Android SDK and published through Google. Google Play also serves as a digital media store for music, books, magazines, movies, and television shows. Users can also purchase hardware devices through Google Play, such as Chromebooks, Google Nexus-branded mobile devices, Chromecasts, and accessories.
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Google Play Games features real-time multiplayer gaming capabilities, cloud saves, social and public leaderboards, and achievements. It is similar to Apple's Game Center. According to Google, Google Play Games received over 100 million new users between January 2014 and June 2014, making it the fastest growing mobile gaming network of all time.
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text:
Europe, 1900 - 1914: a world adrift, a pulsating era of creativity and contradictions. The major topics of the day: terrorism, globalization, immigration, consumerism, the collapse of moral values, and the rivalry of superpowers. The 20th century was not born in the trenches of the Somme or Passchendaelebut rather in the 15 vertiginous years preceding World War I.
In this short span of time, a new world order was emerging in ultimately tragic contradiction to the old. These were the years in which the political and personal repercussions of the Industrial Revolution were felt worldwide: Cities grew like never before as people fled the countryside and their traditional identities; science created new possibilities as well as nightmares; education changed the outlook of millions of people; mass-produced items transformed daily life; industrial laborers demanded a share of political power; and women sought to change their place in society as well as the very fabric of sexual relations.
From the tremendous hope for a new century embodied in the 1900 Worlds Fair in Paris to the shattering assassination of a Habsburg archduke in Sarajevo in 1914, historian Philipp Blom chronicles this extraordinary epoch year by year. Prime Ministers and peasants, anarchists and actresses, scientists and psychopaths intermingle on the stage of a new century in this portrait of an opulent, unstable age on the brink of disaster. Beautifully written and replete with deftly told anecdotes, The Vertigo Years brings the wonders, horrors, and fears of the early 20th century vividly to life.
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How do I put this? The narration is... NOT good.
- Joan F. Ashcraft
Panoramic view of early 1900's
Connections between culture changes, social changes, political changes and world historic events
Goes very well with Fracture, by the same author
- Luiz


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Harriet, a Bellingham Goat was adopted! Here's how you can benefit by looking at adoption as an option to buying a Goat for sale in Bellingham, or seeking a Goat from a breeder in Bellingham.