text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 30, 1998
|Filing date
|May 15, 1996
|Priority date
|May 15, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael B. Raynham, Myron R. Tuttle, Andy Kim Sang Yu, Brian E. Donne, James K. Gendreau
|Original Assignee
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (58), Classifications (27), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention concerns the management of memory modules within a computing system.
Computing systems generally use various types of technology to store data. For long term storage of data, disk drives are typically used. Disk drives provide for the permanent storage of large amounts of data. However, the access of data from disk drives is relatively slow as compared to other technologies. Memory that is accessed by a processor during runtime is generally stored in some form of random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM). RAM provides for relatively fast access of data. However, generally RAM is not utilized for the permanent storage of data because of the high relative cost and because of the volatility of many types of RAM. That is, when power is removed from many types of RAM, data stored in the RAM is lost.
In many computing system, random access memory (RAM) capacity is added using memory modules. For example, computer mother boards often have slots which will receive single in line memory modules (SIMMs) or dual in line memory modules (DIMMs). DIMMs typically have double the data width of a SIMM.
As there is an increase in the amount of data stored increases, so does the potential value of a DIMM. This raises the importance of accurately tracking the use of DIMMs, for example for the purpose of properly determining warranties, detecting counterfeits and so on. Currently, such tracking is not performed or is done rather primitively, for example, by stamping a serial number on the module. It is desirable, therefore, to provide more comprehensive management of memory modules.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a system is presented for managing a memory module within a computing system. Within the memory module, a management memory is provided. The management memory provides permanent storage for management information. For example, an error log is stored within the management memory. The error log indicates a time stamp for errors which occur in operation of the memory module. The error log consists of, for example, two lists. A first list indicates a time stamp for each (soft) correctable error which occurs in operation of the memory module. A second list indicates a time stamp for each (hard) non-correctable error which occurs in operation of the memory module.
When the first list is full, the first list wraps by overwriting entries in the first list when new correctable errors occur in operation of the memory module. Likewise, when the second list is full, the second list wraps by overwriting entries in the second list when new un-correctable errors occur in operation of the memory module. A first wrap count which indicates a number of times the first list wraps around and a second wrap count which indicates a number of times the second list wraps around are stored in the management memory. When the first wrap count or the second wrap count reaches a maximum value, the pertinent wrap count is frozen at the maximum value.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other historical information about the memory module is stored in the management memory. For example, a time stamp is stored which indicates when the memory module was first placed in service. Also, in the preferred embodiment, a cyclic redundancy checksum is stored in the management memory as a security check for information stored in the management memory. For additional security, the cyclic redundancy checksum is calculated using a string of bytes within a program area of a microprocessor which accesses the management memory.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the management memory is used within a management system within a computing system. The management system manages the memory modules within the computing system. The management system also includes indicating lights and a management controller. The management controller accesses the management information within the management memory and causes the indicating lights to indicate information about the memory modules. For example, each memory module slot has an associated indicating light. When the indicating light is off, this indicates there is no memory module within the memory module slot. When the indicating light flashes at a first rate, this indicates that the memory module within the memory module slot is not operating properly within the computing system. When the indicating light blinks at a second rate, this indicates that the memory module within the memory module slot is not from a particular entity. When the indicating light is on steadily, this indicates that the memory module within the memory module slot is from the particular entity. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the indicating lights are additionally used to indicate status of a central processing unit for the computing system.
The present invention provides an efficient way to manage memory modules within a computing system.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a processor board which includes DIMMs which are implemented, for example, using dynamic random access memory (DRAM) in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram showing a management system for the processor board shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates the calculation of a value to be placed within a linear feedback shift register in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows status patterns displayed by LED indicators for CPU errors in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a processor board 10 used in a computing system which functions, for example, as a network server.
A processor 11 and a processor 12 are connected to a processor bus 10. For example, processor 11 and processor 12 are Pentium Pro processors available from Intel Corporation, having a business address of 2200 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, Calif. Processor bus 10 is, for example, a P6 processor bus. A clock generator 13 generates clock signals for entities on processor board 10.
Also connected to processor bus 10 is an input/output (I/O) bridge and memory controller 14. I/O bridge and memory controller 14 serves as a bridge between processor bus 10 and an I/O bus 17. I/O bus 17 is for example, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus. I/O bridge and memory controller 14 also controls accesses to DIMMs 16. DIMMs 16 are composed of, for example, dynamic random access memory (DRAM). A data bus accelerator 15 accelerates access to DIMMs 16 from processor bus 10. A baseboard interface 18 provides connectivity between processor board 10 and other entities in the computing system. A memory management controller 31 and a system management controller 33 are part of a management system further described below.
FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram showing the management system for processor board 10 shown in FIG. 1. DIMMs 16, shown in FIG. 1, are represented in FIG. 2 as a DIMM 34, a DIMM 35, a DIMM 36 and a DIMM 37. Each of DIMMs 34 through 37 include a non-volatile management memory. For example, DIMM 34 includes an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) 38, DIMM 35 includes an EEPROM 39, DIMM 36 includes an EEPROM 40 and DIMM 37 includes an EEPROM 41. Within each EEPROM is stored management information about the DIMM, as is further described below. Processor board 10 also has non-volatile memory, for example EEPROM 42, in which is stored management information about processor board 10. EEPROMs 38 through 42 are accessed via a memory management bus 48. Memory management bus 48 is, for example, a two-wire secondary I2 C bus. Memory management controller 31 controls memory management bus 48. Memory management controller 31 is, for example, an 8xC751 I2 C controller available from Philips Semiconductors, having a business address of 811 E. Arques Avenue, Sunnyvale, Calif. Memory management controller 31 includes output ports on which is connected a light emitting diode (LED) indicator 51, an LED indicator 52, an LED indicator 53 and an LED indicator 54. Also status input ports of management controller provide access of management controller for the purpose of determining status.
When no CPU error condition exists, LED indicator 51 through 54 indicate the status of DIMMs 34 through 37 respectively. When an LED indicator is off, this indicates that no DIMM is installed in the associated DIMM slot or that the installed DIMM has no EEPROM. When an LED indicator flashes at 1 hertz (Hz) 50% off and 50% on, this indicates that there is an uncorrectable error or an inappropriate DIMM in the associated DIMM slot. For inappropriate DIMMs, main processor 11 or 12 compares management information at power-up with the DIMM parameters supported by the system and tells memory management controller 31 to flash the appropriate LED if the DIMM is not supported. The parameters checked for support at start-up include, for example, memory type, data width of memory, RAS access time, CAS access time, interface levels, and so on. When an LED indicator blinks at 1 hertz (Hz) 90% on and 10% off, this indicates that there is a DIMM in the associated DIMM slot which is not from Hewlett-Packard Company. When an LED indicator is on, this indicates that there is a DIMM in the associated DIMM slot which is from Hewlett-Packard Company.
When a CPU error condition exists, LED indicator 51 through 54 alternate between the patterns shown in FIG. 4 at a rate of 1 Hz rate. The CPU patterns shown in FIG. 4 indicate the following five error conditions: (1) the primary CPU core voltage is bad; (2) the secondary CPU core voltage is bad; (3) over temperature; (4) the GTL voltage is bad; and, (5) the primary CPU is not installed.
Memory management controller 31 detects the third error conditions (over temperature) by an interrupt from CPU socket 55 or CPU socket 56 onto an interrupt line 57, shown in FIG. 2, or by an interrupt from processor 11 or processor 12 onto an interrupt line 58, shown in FIG. 2. Memory management controller 31 detects the first and second error conditions (CPU core voltage is bad), the fourth error condition (GTL voltage is bad) and the fifth error condition (primary CPU not installed) by inputs on other I/O ports 59, shown in FIG. 2.
Memory management controller 31 is connected to baseboard interface 18 through a system management bus 46. System management bus 46 is, for example, a two-wire I2 C NetServer system management bus available from Hewlett-Packard Company, having a business address of 3000 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, Calif. Baseboard interface 18 connects system management bus 46 through to entities off processor board 10. System management controller 33 controls system management bus 46. Management controller 33 is, for example, a PCF 8584 I2 C controller available from Philips Semiconductors.
System management controller 33 interfaces to the system central processing unit (i.e., processor 11 and processor 12), through the I/O bus system of the computing system. For example, system management controller 33 is connected to a bridge 32 through an I/O bus 44. For example, I/O bus 44 is a baseboard Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus. Bridge 32 is a PCI/Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus bridge. Bridge 32 is connected to baseboard interface 18 through an I/O bus 45. I/O bus 45 is, for example, a PCI bus. Baseboard interface 18 connects I/O bus 45 to I/O bus 17, shown in FIG. 1.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, EEPROMs 38 through 41 each have a storage capacity of 256 bytes. In each of EEPROMs 38 through 41, 128 bytes of storage is reserved as an industry standard data area. See for example, The Preliminary Specification for "8 Byte Unbuffered Product Overview" Industry Standard, SA14-4619-00 Revised 10/95 available from IBM Corporation. See also the JEDEC Standard No 21-C. Table 1 below sets out the currently proposed use of the 128 bytes reserved as an industry standard data area.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Industry standard data area of EEPROMsByte Addr Contents Values Initial__________________________________________________________________________0 00h Size of manufacturing data unsigned byte 128* area (bytes)1 01h Total size of device (bytes) unsigned byte 256*2 02h Memory Type (FPM, EDO, unsigned byte * SDRAM)3 03h Number of row addresses on unsigned byte * DIMM4 04h Number of column addresses unsigned byte * on DIMM5 05h Number of banks on DIMM unsigned byte *6 06h Data width of DIMM unsigned word *7 07h *8 08h Interface level (TTL, LVTTL, unsigned byte * SSTL3.3)9 09h RAS access time of DIMM unsigned byte *10 0Ah CAS access time of DIMM unsigned byte *11 0Bh Error detection/correction (i.e. unsigned byte * None, Parity, ECC, etc.)12 0Ch Refresh type and rate unsigned byte *13 0Dh *. . . Reserved for future offerings TBD *31 1Fh *32 20h *. . . Superset information TBD *63 3Fh for future offerings *64 40h *. . . Manufacturer's JEDEC ID per EIA/JEP106-E * Code71 47h *72 48h Manufacturing location Supplier Unique *73 49h Manufacturer's Part Number Supplier Unique *. . . Left Justified, blank filled *. . . ASCII (6 bit packed?) *90 5Ah *91 5Bh Manufacturer's Revision Code Supplier Unique (ASCII?) *92 5Ch Manufacturing Date week (binary) *93 5Dh year (binary) *94 5Eh *. . . Assembly Serial # 4 byte unsigned binary *97 61h *98 62h *. . . Manufacturer Specific *127 7Fh Data Area *__________________________________________________________________________
The remaining 128 bytes of EEPROMs 38 through 41 are used to implement various features in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention. Table 2 below sets out the use of the 128 bytes in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Remaining 128 bytes of EEPROMsByte Addr Contents Values Initial__________________________________________________________________________0 80h Fixed Table Revision Letter `A`-`Z` ASCII `A`**1 81h Company Name `H` `H`**2 82h `P` `P`**3 83h Product or Accessory Number LnnnnL (i.e. D3064A) **4 84h Lnnnnnnnnn (i.e. 5 � 5) **5 85h **6 86h **7 87h Left justified, blank ** filled8 88h ASCII **9 89h If none then all blank **10 8Ah **11 8Bh **12 8Ch **13 8Dh Part Number (4�4) BCD packed two digits ** per14 8Eh byte. **15 8Fh **16 90h **17 91h Using Division LLLL **14 92h Left justified, blank ** filled19 93h ASCII **20 94h If none then all blank **21 95h Optional Table Revision Letter `A`-`Z` ASCII `A`***22 96h Offset of next Correctable log entry unsigned byte 0***23 97h Offset of Correctable error table unsigned byte B6h***24 98h Count of Correctable error wraps unsigned byte 0***25 99h Offset of next Un-Correctable log unsigned byte 0*** entry26 9Ah Offset of Un-Correctable error unsigned byte F6h*** table27 9Bh Count of Un-Correctable error unsigned byte 0*** wraps28 9Ch unsigned byte 0***29 9Dh Count of Writes to EEPROM unsigned byte 0***30 9Eh unsigned byte 0***31 9Fh Manufacturing entity - Upper LLLL 20h***** Level32 A0h Left justified, blank 20h***** filled33 A1h ASCII 20h*****34 A2h 20h*****35 A3h Host product part number LnnnnL 20h****36 A4h No 4�4 or 5�5 will appear here 20h****37 A5h Left justified, blank 20h**** filled38 A6h ASCII 20h****39 A7h If none then all blank 20h****40 A8h 20h****41 A9h Mem Board #(3bit)/DIMM #(5 bit) unsigned byte 0****42 AAh Turn on time stamp 2 byte time stamp 0****43 ABh 0****44 ACh Manufacturing Data: BCD 2 digits per byte *****45 ADh Serial Number *****46 AEh 8 digits only *****47 AFh *****48 B0h Manufacturing Data: Burn in unsigned byte ***** count49 B1h Manufacturing Data: Shift unsigned byte *****50 B2h Manufacturing Data: BCD, 2 digits per byte *****51 B3h Last Fail Code *****52 B4h Manufacturing Data: 2 byte time stamp *****53 B5h Time Stamp *****54 B6h Correctable error log table 2 byte time stamp 0***. . . 32 entries 0***117 F5h 0***118 F6h Un-Correctable log table 2 byte time stamp 0***. . . 4 entries 0***125 FDh 0***126 FEh Security CRC of bytes 0-125 and 2 unsigned bytes *** "magic127 FFh string" ***__________________________________________________________________________
Table 3 below gives an explanation for symbols used in Tables 1 and 2, above.
TABLE 3______________________________________Symbol Meaning______________________________________* Product dependent. Filled in by manufacturer to the JEDEC standard and write protected.** Product dependent. Filled in by manufacturer.*** Initialized in by manufacturer or BIOS.**** Initialized by manufacturer or BIOS. Filled in by BIOS.***** Filled in by manufacturer.______________________________________
As shown in Table 2, management data stored within the 128 bytes of EEPROMs 38 through 41 are used to store information identifying information about the DIMM. Bytes 0 through 21 gives information such as the manufacturer's name, product or accessory number, part number, Company Division, and Revision letters. The management data and the error log stays with the DIMM even when the DIMM is removed from one computing system and added to another computing system. The accessory number allows a service representative, without physically looking at the DIMM, to determine whether the DIMM was from a particular company. For example, this information is available by observing LEDs 51 through 54 or by accessing management information in the EEPROMs electronically.
For example, the EEPROMs are accessed electronically via I/O bus 17 using one of processors 11 or 12, or through an I/O card which is connected to I/O bus 17. For example, the I/O card is a Remote Assistant I/O card available from Hewlett-Packard Company. The EEPROMs are accessed via processor 11 or 12 using management software. For example, the management software is NetServer Assistant (NSA) management software available from Hewlett-Packard Company. Access to the EEPROMs through I/O bus 17 is through bridge 32, through system management controller 33 through management bus 46 and through memory management controller 31.
Bytes 28 through 30 contain the number of writes made to the EEPROM. Bytes 31 through 47 give additional information about the DIMM. For example, bytes 42 and 43 contain a two-byte time stamp which indicate the date the DIMM was turned on. Bytes 48 through 49 gives additional manufacturing data
Bytes 126 and 127 is two unsigned bytes of data which are used to implement a Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) security system. The CRC is generated as a pseudo-random number using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) implemented in firmware.
FIG. 3 is a schematic of an implementation of the system which generates the CRC. An LFSR includes an LFSR byte 73 and an LFSR byte 74. At the start of the sequence, the LFSR is initialized to a known value (usually non-zero). Data is read from the EEPROM a byte at a time and loaded into a data shift register 71. Data shift register 71 and the LFSR bytes 73 and 74 are then shifted 8 times. The bit shifted out of the most significant bit of data shift register 71 is XOR'd by XOR gate 72 with the bit shifted out of the most significant bit of LFSR byte 74. The result is shifted into the least significant bit of LFSR byte 73.
After all eight bits of data register have been shifted out, a new byte is read and the process repeated. After all of the bytes of data have been processed, the Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) is unloaded from the LFSR byte 73 and LFSR byte 74 and stored in bytes 126 and 127 of the EEPROM as shown in Table 2.
To verify data integrity in the EEPROM, the same process is used to generate a CRC which is then checked against the value stored in bytes 126 and 127. If they match then the data can be assumed to be correct.
Since this is a fairly simple algorithm, in the preferred embodiment, security has been added by two means. First,the value in LFSR byte 73 and LFSR byte 74 is initialized to one of 216 possible values. Second, there is a string of bytes within the program area of the memory management controller 31 which are included into the CRC generation. Since the program area of the memory management controller 31 can be read protected, determining either of these values would either be impossible or too difficult to be worth doing by an unauthorized user.
Bytes 22 through 27, and 50 through 125, shown in Table 2, are used to perform error logging. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are two types of errors logged: correctable errors and noncorrectable errors. Whenever I/O bridge and memory controller 14 detects an error, an interrupt to main processor 11 or 12 will be generated which will cause the system to log an error. A two byte timestamp consisting of the day, month, year, and 3 hour period of the day is generated by processor 11 or 12 executing firmware. The processor then sends an I2 C message through baseboard interface 18 (shown in FIG. 2) to system management controller 33 which forwards the I2 C message back through baseboard interface 18 to memory management controller 31. Memory management controller 31 logs the error message within the correct EEPROM.
Memory management controller 31 reads values stored in byte 22 or byte 25 (shown in Table 2) of the EEPROM on the DIMM to determine the location of the next available memory location in the EEPROM memory to save the error information. Two error logs are implemented as circular buffers. The correctable error log contains 32 (two byte) memory locations (bytes 54 through 117) and the non-correctable error log contains four memory locations (bytes 118 through 125). For the preferred embodiment the number of memory locations for each type of error were selected out of a compromise of space in the EEPROM and the relative frequency that the errors were expected. Each error log entry is a two-byte time stamp.
When either error log is full, the full error log will wrap to its beginning and start overwriting older entries. A count of how many times the buffer has wrapped is kept to allow calculation of how many errors were logged. For the correctable errors, this count is in byte 24 of Table 2. For the un-correctable errors, this count is in byte 27 of Table 2. Each wrap count is locked when it reaches 255.
Table 4 below is a code listing for firmware or software which generates time stamps for errors and performs CRC checking.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________;---------------------------------------------------------; Routine to post a time stamp into the error log; Format of data in the buffer:; DBufO DBuf1 DBuf2 DBuf3 DBuf4; <command> <log> <timestamp low byte> <timestamp high byte>;<checksum>; if <log> is zero then it is a non-correctable error timestamp.; if <log> is non-zero then it is a correctable error timestamp.; the format of the timestamp is:; low byte high byte; bits7..4 3..0 7..3 2..0; meaningyear month day hour; range0-15 1-12 1-7 0-7; the year is an offset from 1996, the month 1 =Jan, the day 1 = Sun,; the hour is the 3 hour octant 0 = 0000 - 0259 (i.e. Midnight to 2:59AM); The variable DimmNo must have first been set using a WriteDimm; with a length of 0.; NOTE: the CRC is updated after every log entry. This can take about; 50 ms.; --------------------------------------------------------------------LogTimestamp:setb WhichLog ; set the WhichLog bitmov A, DBuf1 ; save the data so the buffer can bejnz LogOKclr WhichLog ; if A was 0 then clear WhichLogLogOK:mov TimeStampLo, DBuf2 ; used to read the DiMMmov TimeStampHi, DBuf3mov NVAddr, #HPLogPointers ; start of Log Pointers in Private areaacall DoDimmRead ; and read 8 bytes into the buffer; the buffer now contains; DBuf1 Offset of next correctable log entry; DBuf2 Offset of correctable error table; DBuf3 Count of wraps of correctable error table; DBuf4 Offset of next non-correctable log entry; DBuf5 Offset of non-correctable error table; DBuf6 Count of wraps of non-correctable error table; now check which log it is to be written tojnb WhichLog, NonCorrectable ; if zero then non-correctable; correctable error gets loggedmov BufPtr, #DBuf1 ; point R0 at the correctable tableajmp UpdateTableNonCorrectable:mov BufPtr, #DBuf4 ; point R0 at the non-correctable tableUpdateTable:mov Offset, @R1 ; get the offset of the next timestampinc @R1 ; bump the offset to the next locationinc R1inc R1 ; bump R0 the table start offset (DBuf2 or 5)mov A, @R1 ; load A with the offset of the start of the tableadd A, #7 ; length of non-correctable table - 1jnb Whichlog, Cont ; if correctable then add moreadd A, #56 ; length of correctable - 8 -1 ; this will always clear the carryCont:subb A, Offset ; subtract the new offset from Ajnc OffsetOK ; if new offset not past end of table then OKmov Offset, @R1 ; wrap around to start of table (DBuf2 or 5)inc R1 ; bump R0 to wrap count (DBuf3 or 6)inc @R1 ; increment the wrap countOffsetOK:;now rewrite all six bytes including the three bytes that changedmov ByteCnt, #6mov BufPtr, #DBuf1mov NVAddr, #HPLogPointers ; start of correctable error log pointersacall DoDimmWrite ; and write 6 bytes back outjc 12C-- Failure ; if return w/c=1 then no i2c ack; now the time stamp data must be written outmov NVAddr, Offset ; the offset back into NVAddrmov BufPtr, #TimeStampLomov ByteCnt, #2acall DoDimmWrite ; and write the two bytes back outjc 12C-- Failure ; if return w/c=1 then no i2c ack;just drop through to WriteCRC and save two bytesajmp WriteCRC ; update the CRC and return from there;--------------------------------------------------; this routine will call CalculateCRC to get the crc of the first 126bytes; of the HP Private area and then write them into the last 2 bytes ofthe; DIMM EEPROM.;-----------------------------------------------------------WriteCRC:acall CalculateCRCjc 12C-- Failure ; if return w/c=1 then no i2c ackacall DoWriteCRCjc 12C-- Failure ; if return w/c=1 then no i2c ackajmp WriteExitDoWriteCRC:mov BufPtr, #DBuf3mov @R0, HighBytedec R0 ; point to DBuf2mov @R0, lowBytedec R0 ; point to DBUF1mov @R0, #254 ; offset of CRCmov ByteCnt, #3acall DoDimmWritejc 12C-- Failureret12C-- Failure:mov SuccessCode, #IS-- FAILNO12CACKret; ----------------------------------------; this routine will calculate a pseudorandom number based; on the contents of the first 126 bytes of the HP Private; area of the DIMM EEPROM. The variable DimmNo must; have first been set using a WriteEeprom command; with a length of 0.;; usesBufPtr (R0); ByteCnt (R3); -------------------------------------------CalculateCRC:; initialize the shift registermov LowByte, #InitLowBytemov HighByte, #InitHighBytemov BufPtr, #DBuf1 ; move the "magic string" into the buffermov DPTR, #MagicStringmov ByteCnt, #10MagicStringLoop:cir A ; clear A for indexing movc A, @A+DPTR; get a charactermov @R0, A ; put it into the bufferinc R0 ; bump the pointersinc DPTRdjnz ByteCnt, MagicStringLoopmov ByteCnt, #10 ; number of bytes in the magic stringmov BufPtr, #DBuf1 ; point to first byte of the magic stringacall ByteLoop ; and start the CRCmov CRCCnt, #15 ; number of 8 byte loadsmov NVAddr, #128 ; start of HP Private areaReadLoop:acall DoDimmRead ; read from the proper DIMMjc CalculateCRCexitmov A, NVAddr ; bump for the next readadd A, #8mov NVAddr, Amov ByteCnt, #8 ; number of bytes per load of the buffermov BufPtr, #DBuf1 ; point to first byte of the loadacall ByteLoopdjnz CRCCnt, ReadLoopacall DoDimmRead ; read from the proper DIMMjc CalculateCRCexitmov ByteCnt, #6 ; number of bytes per last load of the buffermov BufPtr, #DBuf1 ; point to first byte of the load ; and fall throughByteLoop:mov BitCnt, #8 ; number of bits per bytemov A, @R0 ; get a byte into Ainc R0 ; bump the pointer for next timeBitLoop:ric A ; shift a bit of A into the carryjb FeedBack, FB1 ; jump if the feedback bit is a onejc Set1 ; FB(0) xor C(1) = 1jnc Set0 ; FB(0) xor (0) = 0FB1:jcSet0 ; FB(1)xorC(1) = 0Set1:setb C ; force the C to 1ajmp ShiftSet0:cir C ; force the C to 0Shift:push Acc ; save A past the shiftmov A, LowByte ; now shift it into the CRCrlc Amov LowByte, Amov A, HighByterlc Amov HighByte, Apop Acc ; and restore Adjnz BitCnt, BitLoopdjnz ByteCnt, ByteLoopcir C ; exit with c=0 if no errorsCalculateCRCexit:ret; ------------------------------------------------------------------; this routine will call CalculateCRC to get the crc of the first 126; bytes of the HP Private area and then compare that with the; last two bytes in the DIMM EEPROM and make sure they match.; --------------------------------------------------VerifyCRC:acall CalculateCRCjc NoCompare ; if return w/c=1 then no i2c ackmov A, @R0 ; pick up the low byte of the CRC in memorycjne A, LowByte, NoCompare ; if not equal then errorinc R0mov A, @R0 ; pick up the high byte of the CRC in memorycjne A, HighByte, NoCompare ; if not equal then errormov DBufO, #IS-- SUCCESSmov R2, #1ajmp SetReadChecksumNoCompare:mov DBufO, #IS-- FAILCRCmov R2, #1ajmp SetReadChecksum__________________________________________________________________________
The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary methods and embodiments of the present invention. As will be understood by those familiar with the art,the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
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|Feb 19, 2009
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|Component installation guidance
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 16, 1996
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:RAYNHAM, MICHAEL B.;TUTTLE, MYRON R.;YU, ANDY KIM-SANG;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:008138/0920;SIGNING DATES FROM 19960830 TO 19960910
|Jan 16, 2001
Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, COLORADO
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:011523/0469
Effective date: 19980520
|Dec 28, 2001
|Fee payment
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|Dec 30, 2005
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Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 1, 2010
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|Jun 30, 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 17, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20100630


text:
Hello all,
I am new here but have lurked for a long time. I am writing this because I need some advice.
This past weekend there was a story done about a non profit organization that has started in my area that throws bday parties for under privileged kids. The article was so touching and seeing what they do for each kid was enough to make me tear a little while reading it. I got so emotional I emailed the reporter right away and told them that I had a hobby decorating cakes and I would love to donate cakes for these parties. I just got an email from the founder saying that they would love for me to do this. =) So here's my question....Did I bit off more than I can chew?? I would like to hear from anyone on here that does cakes each weekend. I have uploaded one of my cakes on here so you guys can see that I am quite the beginner. Do you think it will be too much?? I want to do this badly but now worry I can't do it because of my beginner skills.
Thank you for any input or thoughts that you all have. I guess I am really lacking in self confidence when it comes to cakes. I want them to look like the majority on here but just can't quite get it that far.
* just thought to add that it would be approx 5 cakes a month. I know that doen't seem much but with the pressure to have them perfect it seems like a lot.
Sorry for the long story
Hi Lisa,
First off, what you are offering to do is wonderful. I think any organization would be grateful for any cake that they receive cause its for the kids and that's what is important.
Second, think about it as a way to practice. You can be creative and try different ideas.
Third, the cakes would be for kids, not picky brides or customers who don't know what they want. Kids are easily pleased and trust me when I say that if they got a cake like one that you have posted, they would be sooooo happy !
I do a cake a weekend, sometimes more, sometimes less. If I don't have an order, I still make a cake & send it to my DH's work, just to get my name out there, and to practice.
I question my ablilities all the time, but I get compliments and several repeat customers, and that makes me feel good.
Good luck......
Hi Lisa! I think what you are planning to do is a great opportunity! Five cakes is very do-able, especially with time management. The photos you have posted are great, you don't give yourself enough credit! Just consider these donated cakes as practice cakes to increase your skill/knowledge and to fatten up your portfolio. Plus, you are giving a kid a really special cake to give him/her a special birthday memory.
If you don't feel overly confident with your skills right now, just start off with basic designs until you feel comfortable and then start to branch out with different/more complicated designs. You can do it!!
Kids are definitely not going to nit-pick!! think of it as practice for you and joy for them. Mix it up....try fondant...cupcakes...rice krispie treats....cakes...
It's really a good thing you are doing.
Lisa, no, you have not made a mistake. Think of the look of amazement on the kids' faces when they realize the cake if for them. Aww, now you have me tearing up. The cake and cookies you posted were very good. You will get to practice on these cakes and learn time management. And as you know, CC has a wealth of information and if you cannot find the answer to a question you have, all you have to do is ask.
I just wanted to say that although you doubt yourself now, as soon as you realize the effect you have on the children who receive your cakes, all of your doubts and fears will disappear and you'll feel confident that what you're doing is the right thing! (not to mention the practice and additions to your portfolio as previous stated ~ it's a "Win Win" situation!)
Congratulations to you for doing something some people only "think" of doing!
You get to have a blank practice board and someone who is going to eat your great creations and it is so nice to do that for others. I think you and the kids will be blessed by this. Thank you for caring for others and enjoy all the practice.
You are blessed to have such a wonderful opportunity to share your talent. I would love to do something like this. Your cakes will be beautiful! And to put a smile on a childs face, it just doesn't get any better than that! What a wonderful gift!
Lisa-I think what you are doing is absolutely wonderful and I would agree with the other members that this is an excellent chance to practice your skills AND make some young ones very very happy. I, too, do this as a hobby only and with no children, am constantly bringing "my practice" down the street to the neighbor's 6 boys. They even liked the Wilton Fondant (ick). Thumbs up!!!
Lisa ,
You are so sweet to do this...some of these kids probably have not even had a birthday cake before. What you do makes them feel like they matter, that they are noticed. You have the power to give that child a special memory and make them feel important on that day.
Don't be so hard on your skills,( your racetrack cake is great!). You will continue to improve with every cake and your confidence will grow with each creation.
Good luck, and be sure to post those birthday cake pictures for us!
Hi Lisa540,
Can you tell me who you contacted to do this? I just moved to WA and I am bored and don't know anyone. This would be a great thing for me to do as well!
Thanks and your cake in your photos looks great!!!
It's never a mistake to give of yourself!
But if 5 cakes a month sounds like a little much right now, tell the founder just that. Tell her that you can only do 2-3 right now, but will build that up as you get more confident.
The thing with organizations is that they are so grateful for what you give them! I'm not saying to give them 'leftovers' , but I know they would be grateful with whatever you give them!!
I really cant add any more than whats already been said - I just wanted to say that I think you are going to be such a blessing to these young children who probably would be getting a cake from the local graocery - with just their name and some BC roses - I mean look at YOUR race track??? WHAT little boy wouldnt love that?? It may just be a cake that they will NEVER forget - no matter how
little/much talent is in it!!
I think you are a Angel on Earth to give these babies that one time cake they may never get again! In their childhood!
And like ^^^^^^^ all said - look at the open canvas you'll have to practice and sharpen/learn new skills!!! You have the perfect opp!!!
So good luck and God Bless you for doing this! There
should be more of us who do something to share our talents like that!!
I saw a similar story and thought "your should do that" but I didn't,
YOU did, and I think you're wonderful
I saw your signiture last week and wanted to write it down because I think it's really quite profound, especially for these days. But I forgot so I'm glad I saw you post again.
I have to agree with the PP that you would probably be quite shocked at how many kids have never had a birthday cake. My daughter had a friend like this, and when she found out about it, she came home begging me a few days before this girls birthday to make her a birthday cake, which I happily did. But my daughter was just SHOCKED that her friend had never had a cake... espeically since I'm sure my girls are quite sick of my cakes by now!!! LOL.. I think what you are going is just GREAT and a really great way to use your talents!!! You will be blessed more than you can every imagine!!!
Your cakes will be gorgeous in the eyes of the beholders! This is the sort of thing someone might remember for the rest of their lives.
Best wishes to you, and yes, it's a chance for you to learn and grow....in more ways than one!!
PS: Send pics! Fun for the rest of us, too!!
Thanx nannie!! .. Isnt it true?? Sometimes in our busy little worlds we forget to just be content! Put it there as a reminder to me too! Glad you "found" me again!
I think your heart is in the right place but here's something to think about that I don't think anyone has mentioned yet.
Please be sure that the organization knows you are NOT an insured business, that you are a hobby baker, baking out of your home.
Also, if there are any food allergies that you are not aware of i.e. gluten, peanut, dairy, just to name a few, that could be a liability for you.
I don't want to be a downer, but sometimes what starts out as a generous act and good intention can come back to bite us. People are so "sue happy" these days I would hate for you to not cover yourself or to not explore every avenue before you begin.
Check with your local HD, ask them if this is even legal or acceptable. When there is food involved it gets very very tricky. Always protect yourself.
Good luck!
Thank you thank you thank you!!! You guys really made me feel better about all of this. I am really excited to start doing this but when I got the call I felt something inside of me say..no, not yet you're not that good. I have thought about sending them a few pictures of girls/boys cakes that they can have the kids pick from. I'm not sure about everything yet. We will work out more of the deatails later on. I am suppose to speak with the founder again in a couple of hours.
I found out about this by reading an online article on one of our TV stations sites. A church started this at the end of last year. The kids get a party at Chuck E Cheese, can invite up to 6 kids and even get a present. They spend around $75-$100 on each kid. I love this organization! I only wish there were more of them around. Maybe it will catch on.
DKelly..thank you very much for what you pointed out. Yes they do know that I am not professional and that I do this from home. But I will check out more of the regulations in my town. It did cross my mind that this might get brought up before I heard from her and I have a few ideas. My husband is a fire fighter and they have commercial kitchens, just one thing I thought of. I have seen them being used by city employees for donated cooking. I plan on speaking with them about the allergies and everything else you said! Thank you!!
I will keep you all posted on how it goes and see if they know of any other cities that have this program in case any of you might want to do this too. It's kinda like that movie Pay it Forward.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This modern city hotel is furnished and decorated to a high standard and offers comfort in spacious surroundings. It comprises a total of 60 rooms including 24 single rooms and 2 suites. Facilities on offer to guests at this air-conditioned establishment include a lobby area with a 24-hour reception and check-out service, a hotel safe and a currency exchange facility. There is a lobby bar open 24 hours a day and a restaurant. The hotel also provides meeting rooms which can hold up to 100 people and have all the necessary equipment for seminars. Guests have Internet access at their disposal and they can also take advantage of the room and laundry services. There is car parking on site for those arriving by car.
This hotel enjoys an ideal location in the Kurukkopru area of central Adana, just 2 km from the airport.
The guest rooms at the hotel are furnished in a modern, contemporary style. All come with a spacious, contemporary-style private bathroom with a large, fitted, corner spa bath and a shower and offer a double bed. They are equipped with an LCD TV, a radio, Internet access, a safe and a minibar. Furthermore, air conditioning units are provided in all accommodation as standard.
Guests can unwind with a relaxing session in the hot tub after a busy day.
The midday and evening meals may be enjoyed � la carte.
MasterCard and VISA are accepted at this hotel.
Room Facilities:
Satellite cable TV
Internet access
Double bed
Central airconditioned


text:
I remember a trip to Nassau one year. Well, we decided, during our vacation to take a plane from Nassau to one of the outer Islands, sort of a day trip.
We purchased our air tickets, went to the local airport and to the "terminal"..Which was, in fact an old building...And there was nobody there to check us in for the flight...I mean nobody.
As we stood there waiting for the plane to arrive, the phone, on the wall, started to ring....Nobody was there to answer it....It rang, and rang, and rang...So, I went over, picked it up...
"Hello"...I said...
"Hello...Who is this?"
"I'm a passenger waiting for the plane."
"Oh. This is the pilot. I'm just leaving home, be there in 15 minutes."
He hung up.
Anyway about 30 minutes later, down the runway, very slowly approaching the "terminal" was the plane.
As it got closer I heard Sue gasp....
"THAT'S the plane?"
I stared out at the runway as the plane continued it's slow lumbering approach....
"Holy smokes!" I said, "That's a DC3!"
Yep. It was a DC3 that, I think, was probably used in WW2 to fly over Burma.....
The plane finally arrived, belching and coughing, and came to a stop, engines roaring.
Out of the plane came the "steward" who told us his name was Bruce and the pilot, Andy.
The co-pilot stayed inside.."To keep the engines running"....and Bruce took our tickets.
We clambered up a ladder into the plane and, well, it was "different." The seats were well worn....Actually, they had the "stuffings" coming out of the armrests.
"Better buckle up!" said Bruce, " And by the way, the flotation device is under the seat and, if neccesary to evacuate, the door beside you opens. Just give it a big push!"
Oh, this was good.
So, we buckled up, said a quick prayer as the plane, engines roaring and mis-firing at times, lurched down the runway....
It quickly picked up speed and lifted into the sky....I finally opened my eyes to see Sue mumbling.
"Are you OK?"
"Oh yea. No problem. We are on a plane that Wilbur Wright probably flew. The engines are making funny noises. Naw, I'm fine..And...We are going to die.."
"Sue, we are NOT going to die. "
"How do you know that.."
"We have return tickets."
Sue just shook her head and went back to mumbling.
As the plane lurched its way to our destination I looked up and noticed we could see into the pilot's domain.
The pilot and co-pilot left the door open so we could see in and watch as they read magazines......
After about 15 minutes Bruce appeared.
He yelled above the whining of the engines...."So, are you both OK?"
Sue looked at him and said, "We're going to die."
Bruce began to chuckle...Actually, he giggled....
"Oh, don't be silly. We haven't crashed a plane yet. Well, other than last year.."
Sue's eyes widened at this revelation...I gulped.
"Oh, C'Mon...I'm Kidding!"
We passed through a valley, over water, and, as we cruised through the valley, the plane began to lurch, sliding sideways, then up and then down and then up.....Bruce came over to us and told us not to worry this was normal...
"Will anything fall off this plane? Like, you know, an engine, or something?"
"Oh, don't worry. That hasn't happened in years."
I felt so much better.
Anyway, we landed, we did our tour, got back to the airport, caught the same plane back, with more passengers, this time, and survived our adventure.
So, if you ever visit Nassau, think about taking a tour to an outer Island. You might be lucky and get the same plane...


text: Oppenheimer believes the market is drawing incorrect conclusions about Jack in the Box based on weak results from a number of its competitors. The firm expects Jack in the Box to report higher than expected Q4 EPS, and it thinks the company has a number of upcoming catalysts. The firm identifies the stock as a top idea over the long-term and short-term.


text:
These are rag rugs that I make and sell. They are around my house on all of the floors. We enjoy using them!
By Susie from Enumclaw, WA
Add your voice! Click below to comment. ThriftyFun is powered by your wisdom!
Were they crocheted from strips of rags or were they made from skeins of rug yarn?
These rugs look just like the ones my grandma used to make! Glad to see that the tradition is continuing.
They're great. I love rag rugs. Could you give us the directions?
These are lovely. I use the almost-identical pattern with #10 crochet thread (not yarn!) for dishcloths. I have made many--sold some, gave away some. They are great for mild scrubbing and look so pretty in the kitchen; the color combinations are nearly infinite! CayC
Hi Love the crochet rugs. Would love to give them a try. Can you help please. Thank you in advance
How very beautiful these are. You have a wonderful talent with these. Would love to learn how to do this and make some for my grandchildren and daughters.
To me, the rugs that Suzie has shown look as if they are made from regular yarn and not rug yarn or of material. I would just make sure you have some of the non slip material Underneath so they do not slip around as I know they do move from experience.
Someone taught my mom years ago to do this and we had a good amount of them around then. Not any more but it'd be nice to try to make some. Here are some links:
from thrifty fun:
10/24/07 - http://www.thri f001084.tip.html
from love to know:
http://crafts.l /Crochet_Rag_Rug
circular rag rug instructions:
http://goodtime nstructions.html
oval rag rug instructions:
http://crochet. kly/aa100299.htm
rag rug instructions and videos
http://ragrugca part-1-beginners
Add your voice! Click below to comment. ThriftyFun is powered by your wisdom!


text:
Additional Information
Army Navy Store » Military Belts, Pistol Belts & Suspenders » Web Belts
Wholesale Military Style Web Belt WebbingColor: Black, Olive Drab, Navy Blue, Khaki,
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Web belts were created to hold pouches, equipment bags and holsters at the waist. Web belts are now made of nylon. The ACU trouser is worn with a two-inch nylon web belt (Rigger's Belt). Web belt uses arent limited to holding holsters and military pouches. Web belts can be worn casually and offers comfort to anyone wearing one. Web belts feature different varieties of buckles such as brass, silver buckles, or special military insignia buckles such as USMC buckles. Web belts are a great accessory for casual or a dressier look. It's easy to remove the buckle and cut down to any waist size below 44, 54, or 64 inches. The web belt is a great belt for any individual to use but it is especially recommended for law enforcement personnel, military personnel, security personnel, EMS/EMT personnel, etc. All our military web belts are brand new unless otherwise stated. Web Belts are also known as military police webbed belts, men's adjustable Army white buckles, law enforcement security holsters, camouflage combat attire, etc. Web Belts are commonly misspelled as camo betls, camoflauge clothings, etc.
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text:
Detectives have charged a man following investigations into an alleged robbery in Deception Bay last year.
It will be alleged on September 21, 2015, a man entered a residence in Sarah Court via a garage door.
A 74-year-old male resident of the premises disturbed the intruder who then ran back through the garage and into the resident's car, which was parked outside.
Police will further allege a struggle ensued during which the man stepped out of the car and punched the 74-year-old man in the face before fleeing the scene with his wallet and car keys.
A 30-year-old Chermside man has been charged with one count each of robbery with personal violence, attempted unlawful use of a motor vehicle, enter dwelling with intent and six counts of fraud.
He is due to appear in Redcliffe Magistrates Court on April 27.
If you have information for police, contact Policelink on 131 444 or provide information using the online form 24hrs per day.
You can report information about crime anonymously to Crime Stoppers, a registered charity and community volunteer organisation, by calling 1800 333 000 or via crimestoppersqld.com.au 24hrs per day.


text:
Tag: peak
The "Baou" of St Jeannetwritten by vicuna on 2009-05-09 #places
What is a "Baou"?? In the provincial dialect (that means spoken mostly in the south-east part of France) it means "mountain peak" and there are 2 beautiful ones not so far from Nice, called "Baou of St Jeannet" and his twin the "Baou of La Gaude". Let's discover the first one! :)6 4 Share Tweet
Sky Terrace, Victoria Peakwritten by eva_eva on 2009-03-21 #places
Views from the terrace on a clear day are stunning. Visitors can see along the length of Victoria Harbor, the northern urban areas and harbor side of Hong Kong Island, all Kowloon and parts of the New Territories.5 6 Share Tweet
Roquebrune, A Medieval Village by The Seawritten by vicuna on 2009-04-12 #places
Roquebrune is a nice little medieval village, located 225m high and just a few kilometers from the sea. That means an amazing view over the Mediterranean coast....3 4 Share Tweet


text:
Product Spotlight
Featured Research
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You are here
Foodtown Chases Stimulus Money with 'Free Food' Promo
The grocer's program allows even those with direct deposit to purchase gift cards to shop for food.
In a bid to snare some of the dollars from consumers' economic stimulus and tax refund checks, Foodtown this month launched a program at all of its New Jersey stores to offer free gift cards to shoppers who use their checks to purchase gift cards in $300 increments.
For each $300 Foodtown gift card purchased, the grocer said it will add $30 to the card's value, up to a maximum of a $120 additional value for $1,200 in gift card purchases. The program launched May 7, and runs through Aug. 1.
Customers can opt to use just a portion of their checks to buy gift cards, and receive the balance of the check in cash. Even those whose checks were automatically deposited in their accounts can take advantage of the program by bringing in a bank statement or proof of the deposit with valid ID, and paying for the gift cards by cash or debit card, according to Foodtown.
Shoppers must have a Foodtown club card to participate. The gift cards can't be used to buy alcohol, lottery tickets, tobacco products, additional gift cards or gift certificates, postage stamps, money orders, or other items prohibited by law. There is a limit of one check per family.
Avenel, N.J.-based Foodtown operates 49 stores in New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.


text:
The board of directors of the Long Beach Police Foundation recently elected its executive committee.
Selected as president-elect was board member Bruce D.D. MacRae. MacRae is vice president of state government affairs for UPS and is active in many organizations throughout California.
The slate of new board officers consists of Vice President Theresa Brunella, Secretary Gretchen Houser, Treasurer Lacy Marlette and Members at Large John G. Dixon and Helen Najar.
For information, visit lbpolicefoundation.org or call 562-343-5111.
— Long Beach Police Foundation


text:
Discussion in 'NFL Zone' started by blindzebra, Aug 20, 2004.
Torn patella tendon.
No Staley, no Buckhalter. Any team that can stop their run (Westbrook) has a shot as McNabb still looks a little shaky in his reads.
Oooh ouch. That is going to suck.
Yes master of the obvious...
What a blow to Eagle fans. I do not feel sorry for them at all. Now, the players I do feel for.
That is a huuuuuuge blow to the iggles. In my opinion, that costs them at least a game in the regular season.
Lets all knock on a whole lot of wood during these next 3 preseason games that our run of good health continues.
Fan based Cowboys coverage
it's all on westbrook now. how things change in one year. last year all we had was hambrick and they had staley, westbrook & buckhalter. now we got george, jones & lee (and a little richie anderson to boot) and all they have is westbrook.
maybe we can trade cason to them for a high draft pick. LOL
As much as I hate the Eagles, I don't like to see that. I feel sorry for the guy.
does anyone see their big ? at rb? They're gonna have 1 guy dominating the carries, a guy who has never proved to be durable enough to get 1/2 of the carries...
Nors not buying Eagles ability to overcome these injuries.
RW31 has his doubts too Nors...
Bob Dole doesn't believe the Eagles will have much of a run game this year.
Bob Dole believes McNabb is screwed.
Always liked the way he played. Too bad. Should be able to come back from that so shouldn't be career threatening. Can't imagine how tough it must be for a player to prepare all year then go down right before the season.
Wimbo moved Westbrook up on his draft board.
This hurts the Eagles a lot.It remains to be seen if Westbrook can shoulder the entire load as a feature back
No, he cant. The Eagles will most likely sign Tony Stewart. I think thats his name? he payed for the Lions but wason IR last year.
Today is a sad day for us Eagles fans...all I can say is...get well soon Bucky...and
Pllllllllllllllllllllllease McGahee...demand that TRADE!!http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=1863872
Tony would like to know if he can bring his #20 Car on the Field with him.
lmao, i knew i didnt get hi sname right! ahaha. I know remember its JAMES Stewart.
It's a setback -- no question about that. But I'm optomistic that the Eagles GM already have a contingency plan In the works for just such a crisis.
Sorry, did I hear someone say call Ricky Williams?
Word on the street Ricky is looking for $8.6M - Front that and a first he's yours! Call Miami.
Jimmy says: "Knee injuries can be very painfull, but Jimmy thinks chics dig it."


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Active Tags
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Back to Our Bed— Playtime back in our bed.
His Sweet Slave Pt. 01— Ruby's fantasy of servicing her boss comes true.
Meeting My Goddess— A first meeting between a Domme and her hopeful supplicant.
Throat Fuck— Good moring rough oral sex.
Fourth Fantasy - Fourth Task— Alex goes to the beach.
The First Glance— A fantasy of a master and sub's first glance at each other.
Princess Sub Journal 01— New submissive princess meets brand new dom.
Dinner for Daddy— Sub serves herself for dinner for her daddy.
Taken by Wolves— Dom watches his date at the centre of attention.
Third Fantasy - Third Task— How inappropriate can changing in a locker room be?
Sunday Afternoon— The Second instance with Margaret.
In the Park— A little exhibitionism in the Park for Daddy Dom and his sub.
Chase You...Caught You— Dom chases his girl! She secretly wants him too.
Making of a Sub: Liz Ch. 02— Liz continues her training.
Making of a Sub: Liz Ch. 01— Liz: Journey from sub to switch begins.
The Australian Ch. 03: The Blindfold— The Australian girl and her man finally reach her hotel room.
Second Fantasy - Second Task— Alex go to the post office.
The Australian Ch. 02: The Lift— The couple move from the bar and waste no time.
The Australian Ch. 01: The Hotel Bar— A long awaited meeting in a London hotel bar.
Literotica Authors: Milene— Interviews with Literotica authors, #1: Milene.
First Fantasy - First Task— Alex is asked to show off at the mall.
Stiletto Sub— Submissive is waiting for an afternoon with her dom.
My Little Girl— Coworkers start a submissive relationship.
The Challenge Ch. 03— The final challenge - can she stay quiet or will he win?
Fantasies of a Virgin Slut Ch. 03— Shower antics.
Making Daddy Happy— Daddy takes care of his baby girl.
Yes Ma'am— He's barely legal, but fully capable of pleasing her.
A Night on the Town— She's instructed to proposition a stranger for a bit of fun.
I Do as I'm Told— Erotic couple has sub/dom sex with a butt plug.
You're Home Late— You get home late and get what's coming to you.
Fuck Puppy Gets Punished— Fuck Puppy shows up late, again.
The Japanese Stonemason— A fairy tale with a BDSM twist about wishing for power.
The Peep Ch. 02— A work-meeting turns in an in-office spanking session, ch 2.
The Club— Stephanie becomes the group play thing.
Taking Anna for His Own— A past relationship returns with a vengeance.
My Birthday Present— Sir finally gets to play with his kitten.
Physical Therapy— Gratitude and service in male submission.
Dinner Plans— Meg's dom arranges for her to atone for a mistake.
A Subs First Journal Entry Pt. 02— Suspension, punishment and reward.
Dominating the Ticklish Dom— Pearl tickles coworker Nick to orgasm, Nick promises revenge.
What Might Happen— A woman makes a promise not to cum but struggles to keep it.
The Peep— A work-meeting turns in an in-office spanking session.
Serving— Breaking routine.
The King Pt. 04: Return— John returns back to the jungle, ready to breed.
A Subs First Journal Entry— Meeting her Sir for the first time in real life.
A Little Restraint— She'll do what she's told, and she'll like it.
Master & Kitten— Play Time.
Do Not Lie To Me— When you lie to your master you get punished.
Reprecussions— Eva, a devoted sub, struggles to get it right for Sir.
Fun Times before Chem Lab— She receives texts that tell her exactly what to do.
My First Spanking— Diary style story.
Lana Confined— A married couple engage in light BDSM at a resort.
Dmitry— Dmitry meets a new sub in a coffee shop.
Everyday Ownership— Master and sub start the day together.
Last of the Year— She made a deal with him for one last orgasm for the year.
Lighten the Load— Sub girl gets the ass fucking she's been longing for.
The Break-Up— Greg remembers his ex leaving over his fucking his boss.
Sammy Calls Him Sir— A naughty housesitter gets caught in the rain...
The Challenge Ch. 01— A couple bet on whether she can stay quiet.
From a Faithful Wife to a Cuck's Sub— A couple's initiation in cuck and domination.
A Lesson in Being a Sub— A sequel to Cured by Spanking. Jerry gets a lesson.
Were You Playing with Your Pussy?— 'No Sir'-Sutton has been a bad girl.
S: Chores— A day in the life of a sub.
An Open Letter— A wistful letter to my Dom.
Perfect Day— A day of a D/s couple.
The Car Wash— A dom, a sub, and a creative use of the car wash.
Understanding— A woman discovers a new side of herself.
Traci's Submission— A lesbian sub is taken.
Return to 307— Sub male gets his training.
Hard to Believe— Sub Woman Presented to Poker Buddies.
Her First Time— Diana meets her Dom for the first time.
The Business Agreement Ch. 02— Kailey and Dan continue their relationship.
My Sexy Domineering Office Sir— Office Dom.
Jackson— A trans man is dominated by his Master.
Welcome to the Party— An interesting invitation and business proposition.
Fulfilling my Fantasy— We explore each other after fantasizing for months.
Student for Sir Pt. 01— After online role play a young sub and older dom meet.
Abandoned and Found— A pet is abandoned at the airport...
Lying Asleep— Submitting to my lover.
The Tattooist and the Submissive Pt. 02— Continuation.
Sam Meets the Neighbor— A female new homeowner meets the neighbor.
Ex-Marine Hubby Ch. 01— Obedient Subby.
Naked Boy Cleaning Service— Quarter-life crisis leads a young man to a new hobby.
Daddy's Little('S) Toy— Daddy comes home to his baby girl breaking the rules.
On a Dragon's Lips Ch. 05-06— Shyvana falls victim to her lust... Or does she?
La Belle et la Béte— Beauty and the Beast retelling with plenty of kinky stuff.
Seducing the Shrink Ch. 07— Ava meets the collective and is taught to submit.
Kitten Ch. 01: Meeting Her— From family friend to total submissive.
To Know a Thief Ch. 03— Harper faces the truth and Kohl asks her to dinner.
Daddy's Girl Pt. 02— First-person view of pleasing Daddy, as the story continues.
My Asian Master: Tested Twice— He subjects slave candidate to tests of worthiness.
Daddy's Girl Pt. 01— First-person view of pleasing Daddy.
The Sharpest Lives Ch. 07— I am consumed.
The Dungeon Room— I make her scream.
Breaking in the Sub Pt. 00: Table of Contents— My journey from vanilla to Dom with a special Sub.
Intro to Ropes 101— A how to Introduce a Novice to Ropes.
Breaking in the Sub Pt. 06— My journey from vanilla to Dom with a special Sub.
Submissive Bottom Saga Pt. 02— My Dom gets me getting nasty with my piss.
Mom's Journal Ch. 02— A son continues reading his mom's sexual fantasies.
The Nightingale Agency Pt. 04— Mistress Eve submits to another Dom.
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text: Summoning Station Printings/Rarity: Cost: CMC: 7 Card Type: Artifact Oracle Text: : Put a 2/2 colorless Pincher creature token onto the battlefield. Whenever an artifact is put into a graveyard from the battlefield, you may untap Summoning Station. Retrieved from "http://mtg.wikia.com/wiki/Summoning_Station?oldid=63553" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Fifth Dawn Rare Cards CMC: 7 Artifact Colorless Token Untap


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With all of the barbeques, late night partying, vacations and so on, there's a slight chance that we've let the fun get to our body and skin. And that's okay. We all need a break every now and again.
While we still have a full month of August to enjoy, I wanted share three of my best end of summer beauty and body secrets with you that always helps me get rejuvenated and ready for the fabulous fall.
Invest in a facial at the end of August
I'm assuming that you would have taken all of your summer vacations by then. Now, give your skin a nice relaxing moment to recuperate from the harsh sun and sangrias it was exposed to. Be sure to ask for facials that focus on extractions (if you need them) to get rid of clogged pores, hydration and exfoliation.
Do a de-cluttering of your life
Start with your beauty products, and then move on to your wardrobe and then finish with any paperwork, un-done tasks on your to-do list and such. How does this affect your skin and body, you ask? Your environment affects your mind, body and spirit. If your room is cluttered, you don't feel productive and focused. When you have a long to-do list of things you need to get done, they sit in the back of your mind and stress you out. Eventually, your face gives way to those stresses and literally makes you look tired. The less you're worried about something you haven't accomplished, the better you'll feel and essentially look.
Give your hair some TLC
Just like with our skin, our hair needs daily tender loving care. But, during the summer months, we're more likely to resort to braids, protective styling and weaves. Or, we go au natural; doing the least we can to our tresses, relying on wash-n-go's, quick co-washes and sometimes even dry shampoos.
Now, I'm not saying that any of this is bad for your hair. However, your hair does need just as much of a spa day as your skin from the long, hot summer. So, with that in mind, hit the salon for a full on treatment. Invest in a deep condition, trim, cut, and any other restorative treatment you think you may need to prepare your hair for the cooler months. Even think about getting a scalp treatment or massage to stimulate growth and healthy hair. Whatever you do, don't forget to tend to your hair after summer's sexy heat.
(Photo: 2/Asia Images/Ocean/Corbis)


text: DIY- Grapefruit Face Toner To Lighten Face In Just 2 Hours Hello Everyone, I am sure that you all completely un-aware about the benefits of Grapefruit! There is so many women and girls who are still using natural fruits and food to lighten their face. Well, today we are back with another beauty tip. Just follow this beauty tip and get fair face every day. loading... 2:50 PM Beauty Tips, Home Remedies Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to Facebook


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So, NBC 10 spoke to St. Joseph's Prep. President Rev. George Bur about the selection of Pope Francis earlier this week. Rev. Burr begins to explain what an exciting day it is for Catholics every— zOMG THAT KID GAVE THAT OTHER KID A WET WILLY ON LIVE TELEVISION!
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Hi, I'm really new to this, and am about to start my first ever cake.
I'm going to use sugar paste to make some models to go on it. But I was just wondering how far in advance can I make them? And how should I store them until use?
I'd be grateful for any advice plaese?
If you are using gumpaste, you can start a couple days before and store in a dryplace covered. Fondant, start now. What are you making?
Hi Julie, welcome to CC. If you are using gumpaste, you can make them even a week in advance. Like vixterfsu has mentioned above, you have to store in a dryplace and covered.
If you are making figures or something similar, I would use gumpaste. You can either buy it or add 1/2 teaspoon of CMC/tylose powder to 250g of sugarpaste. Another thing that you can do is that, if you have store bought gumpaste, use 50/50 gumpaste and sugarpaste.
Hope that helps!
I'm Making HeadPhones and microphone as my partner is a dj. Using regalice sugarpaste. Hope this is right
Julie, I think its best if you can make them with gumpaste/ modeling paste. Its gives you the time play around and get the desired shape. And when its dry, it dries very hard. But if you make it with sugarpaste, it won't dry well enough.
Thank you so much. Will do that. Just hope It turns out ok, lol.
Post a photo when have done it.
Good Luck!


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|17.04.2017, 09:26
|◄ last page
FACTS AND FIGURES: Everything you need to know about the Women's EHF Champions League Quarter-finals and the FINAL4 participants.
It's all about four
The same four participants as last season, four coaches from four nations, four World Handball Players, four Olympic, World and EURO finalists, four draws, and HC Vardar hoping they will not miss the final for the fourth time – the Facts and Figures prior to the TIPPMIX EHF FINAL4 in Budapest are all about the number four.
4 different nations are represented by the four coaches of the FINAL4 participants have: Sweden (Bucuresti/Per Johansson), Spain (Györ/Ambros Martin), Russia (Vardar/Irina Dibirova) and Montenegro (Buducnost/Dragan Adzic).
Top lists of the four TIPPMIX EHF FINAL4 participants:
TEXT: Bjorn Pazen / cg


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Calcutta: Rocked by Saturdays unexpected loss to Railway FC, Ever-Ready were eager to turn the tide so to say. And what better way than forcing a draw with Mohun Bagan.
Coach Amal Dutta was understandably satisfied. My team would have won today if I had the services of the Nigerian striker who is with us but hasnt been able to sign yet, Dutta said with typical arrogance.
Branding Mohun Bagan as too much Barreto-dependent, Dutta dismissed their title-winning prospects. East Bengal are a far superior team
dont think Mohun Bagan will be able to stretch them.
Dutta defended the ultra-defensive strategy he adopted Tuesday. I have a Dulal Biswas who got injured and had to go out, one Jayanta Sen and a Kalyan Chowbey
the rest are all untested youngsters who will take time to settle down.
When I am fighting with such a unit against a team like Mohun Bagan, I have to organise my defence first, said the man who brought about a revolution in Indian soccer with the Mohun Bagan Diamond experiment six seasons ago.
The result left Mohun Bagan coach Aloke Mukherjee dissatisfied but hardly crestfallen. My team played very well today
despite the opposition having nine men in defence, we still created so many openings. If you cant convert even one of the dozen chances, you will obviously end up with a draw.
Aloke was happy with the way his defence shaped up. They are improving all the time and were very compact today.


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What are your favorite Christmas traditions? Does your family have a special meal you eat or a game you always play on Christmas eve? Or special decorations that you put out every year? I don't know if I've told you this or not, but I'm a little bit Christmas crazy. I love the lights and the tree and all my ornaments collected around the world. I love the food memories of time with family and my extensive nativity scene collection. But most of all, I love the reason for the season and the opportunity to celebrate the birth of Jesus.
As I sit here the week after Christmas, still enjoying the lights on the tree, I thought, hmmm...why not extend the holiday a few more days and share a Christmas treat that can be whipped up in 5 minutes and enjoyed any time of the year. So, Merry Christmas to all and I hope you all enjoy this quick and easy fudge!
Sweet Potato Fudge
Serves: 8
Time: 10 minutes + 3 hours to set
1/2 cup cooked sweet potato - mashed
2/3 cup coconut butter
1 T carob powder
1/4 t ground cinnamon
1 T honey
Zest of 1 mandarin orange
- combine all ingredients in a small saucepan over low heat
- stir until all combined
- spoon into candy molds, or pour into a parchment lined 8x8 inch baking pan spread to 1/2 inch thick
- freeze until set (2-3 hours)
- store in an airtight container in the freezer
- allow to come to room temperature for a few minutes before eating
*A note about "AIP Treats": While it is true that this fudge and other treats on this blog are made with AIP friendly ingredients, it should be noted that the AIP diet is primarily about nutrient density and healing and with that in mind treats should be reserved for special occasions. This are occasional foods, not everyday food. Treat often are higher in sugar content (even fruit) and as sugar causes inflammation for many of us following AIP, we need to make treats an occasional part of our lives.
** This recipe was shared on Phoenix Helix AIP Roundtable


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text: Hi, > > Not strictly a clustering question, but > > I have for RHEL CS servers connected to an EMC CX300. QLA2432 fibre > channel controllers. > > The cards have two FC channels. I've used them to run a redundant > fabric - there are two fibre channel switches, that each connect to one > of the EMC's FC ports - so there are two paths to the storage. A link or > switch can fail, but the hosts still can see the storage. > > The redundancy works fine - I can pull a fibre out and the hosts can > see the storage fine. Syslog gets spammed with lots of scsi errors, but > dm_multipath does its stuff and the server keeps running. > > However if I plug that fibre back in, the path doesn't come back. So > far the only way to get the path back i've found is to reboot the server. > Is there any way to tell the controller the path is back ?. please check if "service multipathd" returns "running" the multipathd checks the availability of your paths and reclaims them as active after a failure. > I have noticed that if i'm in this state, rebooting the McData FC > switch will also restore the channel - it's like the switch sends some > sort of re-initialise channel signal as it reboots. > > > -- > Linux-cluster mailing list > Linux-cluster redhat com > https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/linux-cluster > -- Stefan Majer


text:
Guest author, Michael Whitlatch of http://associatedpresses.org, recently conducted an interview with Upstairs Girls and Sandy's Channel actress Erica Rhodes for ADI-News. Erica has worked along side Meryl Streep and Garisson Keillor during her extensive acting career. She has also starred in featured films and appears in the film 'Go West', which is currently making its way through the film competition circuit. A teaser trailer for 'Go West' was recently released and can be viewed on this Erica Rhodes fan site. Erica Rhodes has been featured on ADI-News previously for her work with the LA Comedy Awards and was recently named Mascara.org's Most Beautiful Woman of 2011.
The following interview was conducted through Facebook, where Erica Rhodes makes herself accessible to her fans.
If you were to star in the following remakes, who would you select as your leading man from the pool of modern male talent?
When Harry Met Sally: Zach Braff
The Wedding Singer: Adam Sandler (he's not THAT old ;))
Sleepless in Seattle: Johnny Depp (umm I just wanna be in something with him).
Breakfast at Tiffany's: Ryan Gosling
Who are your comedic acting influences?
Not counting my Mother? I've always loved Lucille Ball. She is just the most loveable comedienne ever I think. Marilyn Monroe was a fantastic comedienne as well. For men, I loved Charlie Chaplin when I was a kid. Then there's Peter Sellers who is of course, a Comedic Genius. I used to watch 'Fawlty Towers', with John Cleese and I remember watching that and laughing so hard. I love British humor. I'm also of course, inspired by Garrison Keillor who I have worked with since I was ten. He has definitely had a huge influence on my pursuit of Comedy, helping me understand Comedic timing and how to perform comedy for huge audiences, hold for laughs, don't rush, even how to write comedy, since he's asked me to write my own material a few times.
Who are your dramatic acting influences?
Meryl Streep, who I was also lucky enough to work with once. I love Sissy Spacek, who I find simply fascinating and Helen Mirren; really, all of the great actresses before them like Katherine Hepburn and Elizabeth Taylor, to name a few. Angelina Jolie inspired me a lot in 'Girl Interrupted.' I loved her performance. She is also an incredible business woman, since she didn't have an agent until a few weeks ago.
Coming from such a musically talented family, you playing the cello is no surprise, but what drew you to the cello as opposed to the violin?
My Mom said I had "cello hands" as a baby. Plus, when I was a baby, she would play me Schubert's cello quintet and I listened through the whole thing without making a peep. She knew I was drawn to the cello.
What role do you think internet based productions will play in the future of the film industry?
It's hard to tell, but I do think films will start to be made for the internet as well. I'm honestly a bit overwhelmed by how quickly everything is changing. I can't even predict what the next few years will look like.
Have you ever auditioned for roles on Lie to Me or House?
I have auditioned for Lie to Me once, which isn't really something to brag about, since I didn't get the part. Though, maybe it is, since the part was a stripper. I think I even went to a strip club to "do research" but I guess it's still just not the perfect role for me. House I never auditioned for. Though I did do some extra work on it once, and met one of my best friends, Mindy Byram on set. So that's something to brag about. She's a really great friend and actress as well.
Josh Wheadon has this knack for casting amazingly, talented female leads for his works, when might you be appearing in a Josh Wheadon production? Have you been approached by Wheadon's people?
Good idea. I'll shoot him an email. I haven't been approached yet by his people but, I'll work on approaching them.
No matter how busy you get with your career, you always seem to have time for your fans on Facebook. What originally inspired you to be so available to your fans?
It might be a bit of a problem-my addiction to Facebook. Though, if my fans appreciate it, then maybe it's not. I'm a bit of a workaholic, so when I'm not on set or at auditions, I'm online trying to find auditions and more jobs, and stay busy. So, it's easy to get distracted by Facebook, etc., but I have attracted some wonderful fans who I genuinely like having conversations with. Perhaps it's because I am a social introvert. I like to communicate but on my own time and in my own way. So it's a good outlet for me. Plus, I need the support sometimes and my fans are very supportive no matter what I'm going through and no matter how many rejections I've had to face. I feel really grateful for their presence in my life.
Do you get more spiritual or physical reward from Yoga or is it a combination of both?
Gee….I just realized it's been like 2 weeks since I've been to yoga, and that's usually when I start falling apart. I really need yoga in my life for balance. I run more for physical reward, but yoga definitely keeps me balanced emotionally and spiritually. I always feel more at peace and in the moment when I come out of class and that's essential for this business, to exercise patience and gratitude for the present. It's a long journey in life and in acting and yoga reminds me to breathe and keep centered and positive. But, yeah, mostly the breathing.
Do you have a schedule for when you post on Facebook or Twitter or is it random and as events happen?
I don't have a schedule for anything in my life!
What are the similarities between Erica Rhodes and your character Sandy on Upstairs Girls?
Well, we both play the cello, for one and we look a lot alike. I'd say the biggest similarity is our naiveté. I tend to be a bit naive and look for the best in people and situations. And I think Sandy does that too.
You have a list of things you have learned as an actress after your first feature film. Could you give three more lessons to add since the writing of that list?
Sure! I could give 300! Haha…
I'd say:
1) Whatever you are experiencing when working on a character is truthful to that character. So if you feel insecure about something, it's probably the character feeling insecure about that thing. I have mixed up the two before, and so it helps to remember if I am feeling a certain way, it could just be that I am "in character."
2) The business side of this career is probably the most difficult part to make peace with as an artist, but if you can be business-minded without it taking over your creativity, you'll be able to stay sane and inspired. It is definitely a business, but you're the boss, so you can do as little or as much as you want to for your particular business.
3) Find other creative outlets when you aren't working. As an artist, it is easy to get depressed when you can't express yourself, and it is imperative to find other outlets so you are not totally dependent on other people for permission to do so. Write, play music, make random collages. But always keep your mind busy, so you don't become stagnant and you always feel inspired and motivated.
4) *Bonus* Make room for you friends. You will always, ALWAYS need them.
Do you have a positive affirmation that you tell yourself before going on an audition to psyche yourself up? If so, what is it?
I have lots. I'm usually psyched up already, so if anything I try to calm myself down and relax. I guess it would be something like, "Just do your best." All you can do is your best for that day and then move on. I guess recently I have been trying to say things like, "Be bold. Commit." Because I think strong choices are definitely imperative in making an impression in an audition. I also will say things like, "Change the reader," because if you can make changes to the person you are reading with, you have done your job as an actor-which is to affect the person you are acting opposite. Plus it gets the attention off you, which is the biggest trap of the audition situation-being self-conscious.
What is the source of your creativity?
The source? I'm not sure exactly, because I have always been incredibly creative. So, I guess I could say I was just born that way. My parents are both creative people. My Mom is a Professional Violinist. And My Dad used to be a Clarinetist. I was exposed to creativity at a really young age. I've also been highly charged emotionally all my life, and so I think my creativity definitely comes from a need to channel that into something productive, as opposed to the many temper tantrums I used to have as a kid!
In an all female casting of Hamlet, what role would you try out for?
Hamlet, duh. 😉
If you had the choice of one sentence of true gossip about you to spread across the internet; what sentence would that be?
Erica Rhodes held her own with Meryl Streep.
If you had the choice of one sentence of false gossip about you to spread across the internet; what sentence would that be?
Erica Rhodes is playing Daisy in the new 'Great Gatsby'
Have you had any run-ins with the Paparazzi?
Do iPhone pics taken by friends count?
Where can we buy Erica Rhodes Hats, T-Shirts and Posters?
I'm actually in the middle of cleaning out my closet now…Would you buy my hand-me-downs?
Are you a vegetarian?
I'm a pescatarian. I eat fish, but I'm not your typical vegetarian. I dated two guys who were vegetarians so it kinda stuck with me. I never really developed a taste for meat. I haven't had chicken since '02
Name three favorite singing in the shower songs.
Ha! What makes you think I sing in the shower?!
1) Brown Eyed Girl
2) You're so Vain-
3) Fake Plastic Trees
What is your favorite "twenty-five" cent word?
I like the word obsequious.
What movie(s) would you watch a million times?
Breakfast at Tiffany's, Umbrellas of Cherbourg, Buffallo '66, American Beauty, Spirited Away
Where do you see yourself in ten years?
I sure hope I have a new car by then. I see myself starring in major studio films. I also have my own film Production Company and am writing and directing my own films. I am also writing books. (Working on my first novel right now). I am doing music, as well. Singing and playing my cello. I go back and forth from NYC. Oh, and I meet the man of my dreams who is also an artist, of course, and he and I collaborate and make movies and music together and maybe in ten years we have a little one on the way. So yeah, a lot is going to happen from now until then. But I'm working hard to MAKE it happen!
It was a real pleasure interviewing Erica Rhodes. She is a very genuine and sincere person and has cracked me up with her performances on Sandy's Channel and comments on Facebook on many occasions. If you would like to learn more about Erica or just give a young, up and coming actress your support, then cheer Erica on at her Facebook Fan page or for your consideration, http://twitter.com/ericarhodes.
Guest Author: Michael Whitlatch


text:
The largest of the visiting tall ships, the Dar Mlodziezy, has arrived for the Falmouth Tall Ships Regatta and is tied up at Falmouth Docks.
The Polish sail training ship, at 110 metres long, is the largest of the 46 Tall Ships taking part in the regatta and subsequent race.
Dar Mlodziezy, which translates as The Gift of Youth, was launched at the Gdansk shipyard in 1981 and was the first in a series of six sister ships built for the Polish and Russian navy. One of those sister ships, Mir, has been a regular visitor to Falmouth. Picture David Barnicoat.