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The Swiss Competence Centers for Energy Research have been established to ensure that the academic community work closely with industry to provide the required research advancement, develop innovative technologies and robust solutions, and ultimately ensure the future provision of electricity and energy to the Swiss country and the transition to a competitive carbon-free economy.
The specific targets of the SCCER-Supply of Electricity (SCCER-SoE) are geoenergy and hydropower, the two sources of band-electricity identified by the Energy Strategy 2015 to provide a substantial electricity contribution to enable the exit from nuclear electricity production, with the target of up to 7% electricity production from geothermal energy and a 10% increase of hydropower production.
The SCCER-SoE completed in 2015 its capacity building. About 240 scientists, engineers, researchers, doctoral students and professors are now associated to SCCER-SoE, working together in inter-disciplinary projects to realize the SCCER-SoE innovation roadmap.
The Annual Conference 2015, held on September 10-11 at the University of Neuchatel, aimed at providing a comprehensive view of the R&D conducted by SCCER-SoE and its associated projects, and to confront the scientific agenda with the needs and views of stakeholders from industry, public institutions, federal offices and policy makers.
120 posters were presented and discussed at the Annual Conference, covering all aspects of the scientific portfolio of SCCER-SoE. These posters are collected on this website and presented according to the tasks to which they are associated.
The Annual Conference shows a vibrant and integrated scientific community, and the scientific level of the presentations proves that we are on the good way to develop and complete our scientific roadmap.
Current Projects (click here for download)
Deep saline aquifers as reservoirs for geothermal energy and CO2-sequestration
Muschelkalk aquifer in the Swiss Molasse Basin: properties relevant to geothermal energy and gas storage
Structural Characterization of the Greater Geneva Basin for Geothermal Ressources Assessment
Quantitative petrography workflow for reservoir rock characterization
Rock typing of deep geothermal reservoirs in the Greater Geneva Basin
Petrography of a potential CO2 seal in the Lower Jurassic in the southwestern Molasse Basin
Geological data management: an essential tool to manage subsurface resources
Reactive transport modelling of 3 geothermal systems located in Switzerland, Germany and Mexico
Fractured crystalline rocks as reservoirs for geothermal energy
Accessible analogues of fault-hosted geothermal energy systems: hydrothermal breccia (Grimsel, CH)
Structurally controlled hydrothermal pathways at Grimsel Pass, Aar Massif.
Fault anatomy, porosity and pore connectivity: the La Sarraz fault system
Deep Geothermal Well Optimization Workflow
Geophysical exploration for deep geoenergy reservoirs
Seismic energy dissipation in response to wave-induced fluid flow in a cracked glass sample
The application of crosswell electromagnetics and magnetotellurics to geothermal exploration
Detecting induced seismicity on various scales: Monitoring the Grimsel injections
Research Partners
Workers active in the current phase of the task activities belong to the following research groups within Switzerland:
Rock-Water Interaction Group (Prof. Larryn Diamond)
Structural Geology Group (Prof. Marco Herwegh)
Reservoir Geology & Basin Analysis Group (Prof. Andrea Moscariello)
Applied Geophysics Group (Prof. Klaus Holliger)
Geothermics Group (Prof. Benoît Valley)
Rock Deformation Laboratory (Prof. Jean-Pierre Burg)
Tectonics Group (Prof. Jon Mosar)
Sedimentology Group (Prof. Anneleen Foubert)
Collaboration is underway with other researchers at:
Collaborations with industry partners include:
Task Objectives
With respect to geothermal energy production and geological storage of CO2 in Switzerland, the task has the following general goals:
In addition, the task will
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Neuchâtel, University of Bern, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil (HSR), Swiss Seismological Service (SED)
Current Projects (click here for download)
Hydraulic stimulation (collaboration with tasks 1.3 and 4.3)
Numerical Modeling of Fluid Injection Induced Shear Failure In Fractured Reservoirs
High Performance Computing of Evolving Fracture Networks
Modern techniques in high performance computing for modeling the stimulation process of deep geothermal systems
Hydro-Mechanical Coupling in Heterogeneous Fractures
A coupled fluid flow–seismicity model for real-time assessment of induced seismic hazard and reservoir creation
Long-term reservoir operation and optimization (collaboration with task 1.1 and 4.3)
Numerical simulations of fluid-rock interaction in enhanced geothermal and CO2 injection systems - implications for the utilization of deep reservoirs in Switzerland
Numerical modeling of highly fractured media for Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Geochemical effects on long-term permeability evolution and heat extraction
Impact of liquid and supercritical CO2 injection on host rock properties
Mixed electrolyte solutions in geothermal systems: experimental and molecular dynamics insights
Exploration & Reservoir characterization
Numerical upscaling of seismic characteristics of fractured porous media
Fault detection method to anticipate felt induced seismicity in geothermal and geologic carbon storage projects
International collaborations on integrated geothermal systems characterization (COTHERM = SNF Sinergia project, ETHZ, PSI, University of Iceland)
Geologic controls on supercritical fluid resources above magmatic intrusions
Fluid-Rock Interactions in Icelandic Hydrothermal Systems
Seismic Response to Fluid Effects in Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs
Task Objectives
Task 1.2 focuses on reservoir modelling to address fundamental challenges in DGE:
A number of partners is involved in international collaborations with "established" geothermal countries (US, Iceland, New Zealand) to test and optimize methods and to gain experience in applying them to actual, operating systems.
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ), Alstom, Geo-Energie Suisse AG, National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste (Nagra)
Current Projects (click here for download)
Geophysical imaging and characterization of the Deep Underground Geothermal Laboratory (DUG Lab) at the Grimsel TestSite
Georadar Imaging of Shear Zones at the Grimsel Test Site
A Numerical Study on the Hydro-Mechanical Behavior of Conductive Fractures in the Deep Underground Rock Laboratory at the Grimsel Test Site
Understanding of key physical and chemical processes during geologic CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers
Task Objectives
Experiments in a deep underground laboratory: In order to better understand the physical processes associated with geothermal reservoir creation appropriate experiments will be devised in the "Deep Underground Geothermal (DUG)" laboratory near Grimsel Pass (Grimsel Test Site). The first comprehensive experiment is called "Insitu Stimulation and Circulation (ISC)". The primary goal is to improve our understanding of geomechanical processes underpinning permeability creation during hydraulic stimulation and related induced seismicity as well as to evaluate the efficiency of the generated underground heat exchanger.
Geo-Energie Suisse AG received the approval for its deep geothermal energy project in Haute-Sorne (Canton of Jura). Drilling will start in late 2017 and the stimulation phase to create a deep reservoir is expected in 2018. Following its roadmap, the SCCER-SoE will be closely associated to the Haute-Sorne project and will support it with simulations, modelling expertise, stress analyses, and methodologies validated in the deep underground lab at the Grimsel Test Site.
Revisit the roadmap for CO2 geological sequestration in 2015 and design a first Swiss pilot project for geological sequestration of CO2.
Interaction between the institutes
The core team of the ISC experiment is composed by six senior researchers from different disciplines, sitting together in the same room and supported by a group of professors and PhD students from different institutes.
Activities within the experiment "in-situ stimulation and circulation" at Grimsel test site are running ahead of schedule. The first holes are drilled and the first small stimulation experiment has been performed. The activities are in schedule leading to the stimulation test in spring next year; this will be the largest and best-monitored fault stimulation experiment carried out worldwide to date.
Activities have been started to define a common pilot and demonstration experiment for the carbon sequestration in the underground.
Research Partners
Federal Office of Topography (swisstopo), University of Bern, University of Geneva
Task Objectives
A wide variety of 3D subsurface data must be compiled to quantify the potential for geothermal energy production and CO2 storage within Switzerland, and to guide exploration and efficient exploitation. Moreover, the subsurface data need to be linked to diverse 2D surface information on groundwater protection, land use, conflicting resources, etc., to facilitate planning, licensing and monitoring. The objective of this task is to incorporate new subsurface data produced in WP1 into a digital archive in a sustainable form that is permanently accessible to institutions and industry, and that allows for modern 3D imaging and data-mining.
During the 2013-2016 project period the Swiss Geological Survey of swisstopo will continue building its Geological Information and Production System (GIPS). This will involve: developing recommendations and standards for structuring, storing and exchanging borehole data and seismic lines; digitizing existing analog maps, sections and other analog information; feeding new subsurface data from WP1 into geospatial databases; reinterpreting existing seismic lines to expand resolution of the Swiss Geophysical Atlas; constructing web-services that allow full interoperability of 3D geological information as well as visualization of 2D data and 3D models via web portal; integrating geological information of various kinds into the national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI); expanding computer storage capacity at swisstopo.
In 2015, a 1st generation 3D model (1:200'000) of the Swiss Molasse Basin based on the Seismic Atlas of the Swiss Molasse Basin (Sommaruga et al 2012) was completed. A higher resolution model (1:50'000), with increased detail in the shallow subsurface, improved fault modelling, additional 2D seismic interpretations and updated time-to-depth conversion will be finalized in 2016.
A professionally managed, web-based platform for the sustainable storage and exchange of geological data and models among SCCER partners, industry and institutions will be delivered, and the work will be integrated with the InterReg project GeoMol, presently conducted by swisstopo in collaboration with the geological surveys in neighboring countries.
Current Project (click here for download)
Geology Data Model Suite – Harmonising Geological Data in Switzerland
Research Partners
Swiss National Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM) at ETH Zurich, Chair of Hydrology and Water Resources Management (HWRM) at ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) at ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) at EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC) at EPF Lausanne
Current Projects (click here for download)
Sediment transport measurement system Albula – Solis
HEPS4Power: Extended-range Hydromet. Ensemble Predict.
Decadal hydro-glaciological forecasts for the Swiss HP sector
Mapping of alpine glaciers using helicopter-borne radar
Generation of very high-resolution climate scenarios for HP projection
Water balance of Alpine ski resorts
Potential for future hydropower plants in Switzerland
Projecting hydropower production under future climates: a review
Development of a methodology for extreme flood estimations
Importance of glaciers for CH hydropower
Task Objectives
To significantly reduce uncertainties of the "natural boundary conditions" and, by that, provide a more secure basis to hydropower industry to decide on long-term investments.
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
Swiss National Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Water Supply (FoNEW) at the University of Basel, Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE) at the University of Geneva, University of Applied Sciences (HTW Chur), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO)
Task Objectives
Within the Energy Strategy 2050 hydropower is envisioned to increase production (which includes the need for retrofitting older hydropower plants), is supposed to provide the needed flexibility to accommodate large shares of renewable energy generation, and plays an important role in regional economies and developments (especially in mountain cantons). Understanding the impact of current and future market and policy conditions will be crucial for the development of the Swiss hydro system.
The socio-economic boundary conditions and their impact on the Swiss hydro system will be analyzed in cooperation with associated research partners from the SCCER CREST and the SCCER-FURIES developing evaluations of the Swiss transmission system. They will provide assessments of the future development of liberalized electricity markets with a high share of intermittent generation based on bottom-up market models.
Current Project Report (click here for download)
The Future of Swiss Hydropower – A Review on Drivers and Uncertainties
Research Partners
Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) at EPFL, Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) at ETH Zurich, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU)
Current Projects (click here for download)
The ongoing research projects have been presented as posters during the Annual Conference, as per the list hereafter. The link with the 10-years Hydropower roadmap is presented below in Figure 1 (see numbering after the title).
Design optimization of alpine desanding facilities (1)
HydroGIS, a tool for Swiss hydropower asset management and implementation of the Energy Strategy 2050 (2)
Influence of geometrical imperfections and flaws in welds on the design of steel liners of pressure tunnels and shafts considering rock anisotropy (3)
Experimental analysis of fluid-structure interaction and pipe-wall rheological behavior during hydraulic transients (4)
Hydroabrasive-resistant materials at sediment bypass tunnels (5)
Dam Break Analysis under Uncertainty (6)
Flood forecasting initialization enhancement (7)
Sustainable management of reservoirs through turbidity currents venting (8)
Overtopping of Impulse Waves (9)
Kraftwerksausbau unter Berücksichtigung des Wasserfallbilds am Diesbach (10)
Flow duration curves for water resources quantification in Alpine environments (11)
Dam Break Analysis under Uncertainty (12)
Restoration of the natural morphological conditions downstream of dams by means of artificial sediment replenishment (13)
Evaluation du potentiel hydroélectrique des eaux usées en Suisse (14)
L'aménagement de Trift (15)
Réaménagement Etzelwerk (CFF) - Concepts d'aménagement innovateurs du point de vue énergie et protection contre les crues (16)
Hydropower Design under Uncertainties (17)
Characterisation of hydraulic behaviour of surge tanks orifices (18)
Numerical modelling of fine sediments stirring at the new Trift reservoir (1)
Task Objectives
This task focus on
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
The three research institutes involved in this task jointly participate in the CTI research proposal STODEV (see details below).
The ETHZ-VAW organized the first-ever Workshop on Sediment By-pass Tunnels, an original solution for sediment management on dam reservoirs, with the collaboration of EPFL-LCH in the international scientific and review committee.
Research activities lead by the three partners jointly or independently are, almost inherently, multidisciplinary and in connection with other SCCER-SoE tasks given the specific content of this task 2.3 on infrastructure, which make use of given resources (task 2.1), in a given economical context (task 2.2), within environmental restrictions (task 2.4) for operation (task 2.5) with given equipment solutions (task 3.2).
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Applied Hydroeconomics and Alpine Environmental Dynamics (AHEAD) at EPFL, Chair of Hydrology and Water Resources Management (HWRM) at ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW) at ETH Zurich, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (Idyst) at University of Lausanne
Current Projects (click here for download)
Optimizing environmental flow releases under future hydropower operation (HydroEnv)
C. Gabbud, R. Pellicanò, A. Niayifar, P. Chanut
Ecohydrology of Macroinvertebrate Metacommunity Assembly in a Regulated Floodplain
Trade-offs Between Electricity Production from Small Hydropower Plants and Ecosystem Services in Alpine River Networks
Sustainable Floodplain Management and Hydropower
Trading-off among multiple objectives: energy production from small hydropower plants, biodiversity and ecosystem services, K. Lange, P. Meier, C. Trautwein, U. Kobler, M. Schmid, C. Robinson, C. Weber, J. Brodersen
Local-scale impacts of small hydropower plants on ecosystem functioning
Effect of a pumped-storage operation on hydrodynamics and water quality of the two linked lakes
Improving the global efficiency of small hydropower
Task Objectives
In view of climate change and energy market dynamics, this task addresses the response of aquatic ecosystems to future streamflow alterations resulting from
A better understanding of the ecological effects following operational and infrastructural measures will allow to develop improved environmental impact strategies for a given power production. In particular, this will be achieved by
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
The five research institutes involved in this project jointly developed the NRP70 project proposal HydroEnv (Gabbud et al.).
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
Chair of Hydrology and Water Resources Management (HWRM) at ETH Zurich, Swiss National Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Kraftwerke Mattmark AG (KWM), Axpo, Officine Idroelettriche della Maggia SA (Ofima)
Current Projects (click here for download)
Design of hydropower systems operation under current and future energy market conditions
Impacts of climate change on hydrology and operation of Mattmark reservoir under business-as-usual production targets
Task Objectives
The purpose of Task 2.5 is to develop an advanced modelling framework for the integrated and continuous simulation of hydrological regimes and the operation of hydropower systems. The model allows accounting for climate change scenarios, the corresponding altered streamflow regimes, different energy market conditions (e.g., energy demand and price, increased production by solar and wind powerplants), as well as new boundary conditions for operation (e.g., aquatic ecosystem conservation) and technical solutions (e.g., dam crest heightening or installation of more flexible machines). The modelling framework allows a quantitative assessment of current and future hydropower reservoir operation strategies in terms of energy production and revenue, integration with other power sources, and effects on natural water bodies and ecosystems. The specific objectives are:
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
Several collaboration has been established with other research partners within the context of the SCCER and other related projects. This represents the first steps towards the integration of the results achieved by different WP2 tasks and activities into a common modelling framework. A strong connection has been built with some industrial partners thanks to periodical meetings, which have the scope of updating the stakeholders of the work results and to include their feedbacks into the research activities, thus collaborating together to shared solutions in view of the energy strategy 2050.
In particular, we are working in collaboration with Task 2.1 to extend our research spatially distributed hydrological model to include a more detailed representation of the glacierised areas. Moreover, we are going to use the high-resolution climate change scenarios developed in Task 2.1 to simulate the effect on hydrological regimes and hydropower system operation across the investigated river basins. The main partners of these activities are: ETH Zurich (Hydrology and Water Resources Management), ETH Zurich (Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology), Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), and Kraftwerke Mattmark AG / Axpo Power AG.
Further we are working in collaboration with Task 2.2 to assess the impact of different market scenarios on future hydropower operation. We are combining multi-objective optimization techniques and a Swiss electricity market model to design different reservoir operating policies to assess which reservoir operating strategies can lead to maximisation of production to support the 2050 energy strategy. The main partners of these activities are: ETH Zurich (Hydrology and Water Resources Management), Uni Basel (Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Water Management), and Kraftwerke Mattmark AG / Axpo Power AG.
We have established a collaboration with OFIMA to assess future operating strategies also including the effect of different reservoir operating policies on the ecology of downstream river corridors. This activity links to Task 2.4 and to the NRP 70 funded project "HydroEnv", the purpose of which is to identify key environmental indicators and environmental flow policies to be included in the integrated model as performance metrics to evaluate future hydropower system operation from the ecological point of view.
Finally, we plan to partner with Swiss National Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) to develop ensemble streamflow forecasts and explore by means of the integrated model how multi-model forecast uncertainty affects streamflow real-time predictions and their use in hydropower reservoir operation.
Highlights 2015
Several master theses have been conducted to test and develop the modelling framework and produce some preliminary results on two study sites. The students involved come from ETH Zurich as well as from other European universities.
The activities on Task 2.5 were presented in two international conferences thanks to two oral contributions:
In the actual phase from 2014-2016, SCCER-SoE has identified a number of technologies for early development, some for GeoEnergies (Task 3.1) and some for HydroPower (Task 3.2). Each selected technology development will be conducted by one or more SCCER-SoE partner in collaboration, where appropriate, with one or more industry partners. Such collaborations will be formalized and supported with dedicated KTI applications.
Some of these technologies are already under development, and the SCCER-SoE will allow to focus and speed development, others are innovative and need a full feasibility analysis.
Research Partners
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT) at ETHZ, Institute for Building Materials (IfB) at ETHZ, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines (LMH) at EPFL
Current Projects (click here for download)
Affordable access to deep heat reservoirs: Flame-jet drilling
Numerical research on hydrothermal spallation drilling
Process conditions required for flame-jet drilling
Investigation of the boundary conditions and process mechanisms of spallation drilling
Impact of polymers in oil-well cementing for geothermal wells
Tailor-Made Steels as Self-Protecting Corrosion Resistant Materials for Deep Geothermal Energy
Detecting water through electric impedance measurements
Deep Borehole Seismometer
Development of numerical tools for heat transfer computations
Analytical solution of the power production of a deep coaxial heat exchanger
Task Objectives
Five research groups are active in solving important technological problems in the application of geothermal energy. Without these technologies geothermal energy would not become economically competitive.
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
As the task group works on very different objectives, the research institutes exchange results in meetings at least two times a year. They have bilateral collaborations.
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO), École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Insitute for Computational Sience (ICS) at UZH
Current Projects (click here for download)
Understanding the unstable off-design operation of Francis turbines for a large scale integration of renewables
Prediction of Francis turbine pressure fluctuations through hydro-acoustic modelling of a reduced scale physical model
Stability analysis and optimal control of a Francis turbine vortex rope
Effects of suspended sediment on turbine wear and efficiency
GPU-SPHEROS - Massively Parallel Finite Volume Particle Method Solver
GPU-SPHEROS - Enhanced Material Modeling for Silt Erosion Simulations
DuoTurbo :Providing Industrial and Competitive Family of Low-CAPEX energy recovery stations
Concept & hydraulic design of a counter-rotating micro-turbine
Experimental investigation of the velocity field in a counter rotating micro-turbine
Exploitation scenario towards the optimal control of an energy recovery station
Design of a PM-generator for a micro-hydro turbine
New testing infrastructure for small-hydro
Micro-hydropower in water systems
Task Objectives
Work package 3 focuses on innovative technologies for geoenergies and hydropower
Highlights 2015
FP7-Hyperbole – December 2014 to July 2015: 2nd experimental campaign on the EPFL experimental test rig
Duo Turbo- 01.01.2015: Start of the CTI Nr. 17197.1 PFEN-IW project
The SCCER-SoE considers a complete picture of Switzerland's electricity supply within the context of three integrative activities.
The "Risk Team" (Task 4.1) assigns high priority to the issues of risk, safety, and social acceptability. For instance, they aim to minimize the risk from induced earthquakes in order to ensure that threshold values are not exceeded and damage is avoided.
In the "Global Observatory" (Task 4.2), all relevant electricity production technologies are evaluated and compared as regards their potential, cost, and environmental impact. Energy-economy models are also used to analyze electricity scenarios both on a national and global level.
The "Center for Modeling and Simulation" (Task 4.3) creates new methods and user-friendly software for the virtual development, testing, and optimization of Swiss hydropower and geothermal plants.
Research Partners
Swiss Seismological Service (SED), Institute for Geophysics (IfG) at ETH Zurich, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering (D-BAUG) at ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science (D-USYS) at ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences (CRYOS) at EPF Lausanne, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)
Current Projects (click here for download)
Risk Assessment of Hydropower in Switzerland with Focus on Dams
Accident Risk Assessment for Deep Geothermal Energy Systems
The static behaviour of induced seismicity
Experimental investigation of induced seismicity in granitic rock on centimeter scale
Best practice in risk assessment for induced seismicity as part of the risk governance framework for deep geothermal activities: methodology and application.
A compositional model for risk assessment of built environments and civil infrastructure systems from hazard arising from geothermal energy source exploration
Understanding the social relevance of risk related to deep geothermal energy
Swiss Renewable Energy Risk Analysis and Optimization
Detecting Smaller Earthquakes
The Generic Multi-Risk GenMR framework: Part A, From multi-risk analysis to multi-risk governance
The Generic Multi-Risk GenMR framework: Part B, Vulnerability of large dams considering hazard interactions
The Generic Multi-Risk GenMR framework: Part C, Hazard interactions & dynamic risk in Switzerland.
Communicating low-probability high-consequence events in deep geothermal energy and hydropower
Mitigating the Risk of Intermittent Power Sources
Task Objectives
The exploitation of underground energy resources as well as the use and expansion of hydropower, are, like all energy technologies, not risk free. To address this risk, we develop a holistic concept of risk governance and community resilience, advocating a broad picture of risk: not only does it include 'risk management' and 'risk analysis', it also looks at how risk-related decision-making unfolds when a range of actors is involved. This requires coordination and possibly reconciliation between a profusion of roles, perspectives, goals and activities. Developments include: a rigorous common methodology and a consistent modelling approach to hazard, vulnerability, risk, resilience and societal acceptance assessment of energy technologies; a stress test framework and apply it to assess the vulnerability and resilience of individual critical energy infrastructures, as well as to address the first level of interdependencies among these, from local and regional perspectives; standardized protocols, operational guidelines and software for monitoring strategies, for real-time hazard and risk assessment during all project phases, and for mitigation and related communication strategies.
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
Risk Governance by its very nature is a truly interdisciplinary and integrative activity, with interfaces to science, industry, regulators, and the public / media. The composition of the team reflects these needs, and also requires frequent exchange between the partners as well as to other SCCER-SoE team and beyond. The full group of partners have met every six months for one to two days for exchange, planning, and networking. In addition, bi-lateral and small group meetings are taking place on an almost daily basis, enabled also by the fact that the core team at ETH is located in a central office, together with the SCCER-SoE exploration and modelling teams. We are also meeting on a regular basis with cantonal and industry representatives in order to discuss the application of our R&D for ongoing and future projects.
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
Technology Assessment Group, Energy Economics Group at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institute of Geophysics (IfG) at ETH Zurich
Current Projects (click here for download)
At the annual conference 2015, seven posters were presented for Task 4.2, which can be assigned to three topical areas:
Energy Perspectives Extension & Update
Costs & potentials of future Swiss electricity supply
A Linked Economic & LCA Model of Geothermal Generation in Switzerland
Global Observatory: Preliminary Results for Fuel Cell μCHP
Health Effects
Health Effects of Technologies for Power Generation: Contributions from Normal Operation, Severe Accidents and Terrorist, Threat
Comparative Risk Assessment of Accidents in the Energy Sector using PSI's ENSAD Database
Scenario Comparison
Review and Meta-Analysis of Swiss Electricity Scenarios 2050
Review of Global Energy Scenarios
Task Objectives
The Global Observatory provides a comprehensive analytical framework for technology characterization and trend identification that can be applied in a consistent manner across a broad portfolio of current and future technologies. In addition to geo-energies and hydropower, a variety of technologies are considered, including new renewables (e.g. solar photovoltaic, solar-thermal, wind onshore and offshore, biomass, geothermal, wave and tidal), fossil energy carriers (with and without CCS), nuclear energy and consideration of co-generation. Its two main objectives are the following:
- Characterization and sustainability assessment of current and future technologies
- Evaluation of existing trends, projections, and scenarios
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
The Global Observatory has established links with the various work packages within the SCCCER-SoE to make use of the available expertise in this SCCER. In addition, there are collaborations with several other SCCERs, namely Biosweet (for biomass), Storage, Mobility and Furies. Finally, the involvement of PSI's Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis in many different projects ensures that results relevant for the Global Observatory can be easily incorporated.
Highlights 2015
Research Partners
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ), Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), Goethe Center for Scientific Computing (G-CSC) of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), University of Siegen, University of Leeds, RWTH Aachen University
Current Projects (click here for download)
Discretization and Multigrid Methods for Modeling permeability and stimulation for deep heat mining
Modeling Fatigue in Turbine Blades
Large-scale simulation of pneumatic and hydraulic fracture with a phase-field approach
Task Objectives
The modeling facility in Task 4.3 provides state of the art knowledge and techniques from numerical analysis, computational science, HPC, and scientific software engineering. In cooperation with partners from other tasks, the modeling facility aims at improving existing or providing new simulation tools for Hydro- and Geo-Science, which combine robustness and efficiency with HPC capabilities.
Interaction Between the Partners – Synthesis
Task 4.3 is interacting with the tasks of work package 1 and 3. Interaction in the different projects is mostly connected to questions in numeric / scientific computing or on the knowledge exchange between Geo- / Hydro-Science and the modeling facility.
Highlights 2015
Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research – Supply of Electricity (SCCER-SoE)
Ueli Wieland
Sonneggstrasse 5
8092 Zürich
Copyright Cover Pictures
Hydropower (left): Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research – Supply of Electricity (SCCER-SoE)
Deep Geothermal Energy (right): St. Galler Stadtwerke, 2013
September 28, 2015


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subset: commoncrawl


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Ab/Core Exercises
A Answers (13)
To see visible definition in your abs you're first going to want to remove the layer of body fat that covers them. No amount of crunches or sit ups can single handedly accomplish this feat. Your priorities should be on your nutrition, cardio, and resistance training. Sure, ab training is important, but to actually see the results of all those crunches you've got to get rid of the layer of fat that's hiding them.
A reduced-calorie healthy diet will ensure you're getting all the nutrients you need while maintaining a calorie deficit. Cardio exercise will help burn excess calories, revealing the six pack abs you've worked so hard for. Resistance training will help build lean muscle, which speeds your metabolism even more. With your three main components in place, it's time to build that six pack. Use a variety of movements that will overload the lower and upper abs as well as the obliques.
A few of my favorite ab exercises are:
Ab exercises are important, but only if your entire fitness program is firing on all cylinders!
There are 5 components of fitness, and I will touch on three components that will help you achieve that six pack.
However, you must burn the fat that is hiding them. People mistakenly assume that if they do 100 crunches a day, it will burn it off. Just like every other muscle in the body, in order for the abdominal muscles to adapt and become more visible, you must overload them. This means that you are more likely to get that washboard mid-section you so desire by doing fewer reps with some added resistance than if you were to keep doing 100 crunches or more daily. Aim for 2-3 sets of 15-30 reps of crunch type exercises and also exercises such as the Russian Twist or Side Bend to train the oblique muscles. Hold a 10 or 25 pound dumbbell to make these more challenging. When adding external resistance, remember to use caution and maintain perfect technique to prevent injuries.
The first thing to understand about human anatomy is that everyone has a six pack. The rectus abdominus is lineated into eight sections. These eight sections while part of one muscle creates the "six pack" look and the great news is we all have this. There are differences of course; with some people we see a clearly defined "six pack" and with others we see a "keg". What is the difference then? Body fat. Body fat for the most part is what covers the abdominals. Fat over lies muscle so excess fat makes the possibility of seeing the abs not possible.
The second issue is hypertrophy. If you are very lean and still unable to see the rectus abdominus then the issue is muscle development and still possibly too much body fat. Get help developing a fitness program that incorporates fat loss with muscle (abdominal) hypertrophy and you will get to your desired goal. The program I would pursue would fall within NASM's OPT model which incorporates phases of fat loss with muscle strength, stamina, and hypertrophy over a period of time. Find an OPT expert in your area or get your program designed here and get to work. You can get there.
The fact is every single one of us have abs. Abs are a part of our anatomy. Most of us just have a layer or several layers of fat hiding them. To get six-pack abs you need to do two things, build muscle and decrease body fat. Sounds easy enough right? Perhaps so but developing a great looking six-pack will take time, dedication and patience. You can have the strongest, most toned abs but they will never show if you still have a layer of fat covering them. Here are my three tips to getting six-pack abs.


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Makkah Hilton Towers, Mecca
- Free WiFi in lobby
Main amenities
- 798 smoke-free guestrooms
- 5 restaurants
- Breakfast available
- Internet in the lobby
- Self parking
- 24-hour business center
- Airport shuttle
- Childcare
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Free WiFi in lobby
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Children's club
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Children's club (surcharge)
- Supervised childcare/activities (surcharge)
- Rollaway/extra beds (surcharge)
What's around
- Heart of Mecca
- King Fahad Gate (0.2 mi / 0.3 km)
- Abraj Al-Bait Towers (1.6 mi / 2.5 km)
- Great Mosque of Mecca (3.1 mi / 5 km)
- Safa and Marwah (3.1 mi / 5 km)
- Al Malaa Cemetery (2.6 mi / 4.1 km)
The hotel and their staff are great. Very helpful and the hotel location is the best. Had…
A perfect hotel for Umrah with family. Right next to Haram, very well maintained with…
Makkah Hilton Towers, Mecca
Hotel Info: 855-239-9397from $106
- Villa, City View
- Hilton Deluxe, Twin Room
- Villa, View
- Twin guestroom haram view
- Twin Room
- Junior Suite Twin Haram View
- Junior Suite Twin bed City View
- Villa, 2 Twin Beds, City View
- Twin hilton family room
- Suite, 2 Twin Beds (Duplex, Haram View)
- Deluxe Suite, 2 Twin Beds (Haram View)
- Twin Hilton Deluxe Kaaba View
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 798 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 26 floors
- Check-in time starts at 4 PM
- Check-out time is noon
Required at check in
- Credit card deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 21
- Local laws may restrict unmarried guests from sharing a room
Travelling with others
- One child (12 years old and younger) stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Children's club *
- No pets or service animals allowed
- Free WiFi in public areas
- WiFi in rooms *
- Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
- Self parking (limited) *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
- No alcohol allowed onsite
Nearby Five Star Mecca hotels
In the hotel
- Children's club (surcharge)
- Supervised childcare/activities (surcharge)
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- 5 restaurants
- Coffee shop/café
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- 24-hour business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Hair salon
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 6
- Year Built 1995
- Elevator/lift
- ATM/banking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Television in common areas
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Slippers
- Iron/ironing board
- Premium bedding
- Separate sitting area
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Bidet
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- 32-inch LCD TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Phone
- Refrigerator
- Kitchenette
- Free bottled water
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Top Mecca hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Mecca
- Nawazi Al Fath HotelFrom
"Fantastic hotel, very close to the Haram, great service, extra ordinary room - they even upgraded me without asking - loved the breakfast buffet. Every one went extra mile to…"Jul 11, 2017
- Makarem Al-Bait HotelFrom
"It is excellent hotel.the service of transportation And room service was excellent."Jul 2, 2017
- Rawaheel Al HodaFrom
"I booked online and I chose the option of paying when I get there. Once I arrived, I was told I had no reservation. I was fortunate to have a room available. Next I found out that…"Jun 29, 2017
- Al Azhar Palace HotelFrom
"Mr Ahmad was best among all staff. A littl leak of experience with other working ones working on desk"Jun 26, 2017
Nearby hotels
Also popular with travelers from the USA
Special features
DiningAl Fayhaa restaurant - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Open daily.
EL Etlalah Restaurant - This restaurant specializes in Asian cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Open select days.
Al Andalus restaurant - This restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Open daily.
Cafe Cino - This coffee shop serves brunch and light fare. A children's menu is available. Open daily.
Makkah Hilton Towers, Mecca's small print
Also known as
- Hilton Makkah Towers
- Makkah Towers Hilton
- Hilton Towers
- Hilton Towers Makkah
- Makkah Hilton
- Makkah Hilton Towers
- Makkah Hilton Towers Hotel
- Makkah Hilton Towers Hotel Mecca
- Makkah Hilton Towers Mecca
- Makkah Towers
Only Muslims are allowed to enter the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.
This property's policy is to refuse certain bookings for the purpose of group events or parties, including pre-wedding stag/bachelor and hen/bachelorette parties.
Only registered guests are allowed in the guestrooms.
Some facilities may have restricted access. Guests can contact the property for details using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
Parking height restrictions apply.
For transfers, guests must contact the property 72 hours prior to arrival prior to arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
The name on the credit card used at check-in to pay for incidentals must be the primary name on the guestroom reservation.
Optional extras
Late check-out can be arranged for an extra charge of SAR 700
Self parking costs SAR 120 per day
Rollaway beds are available for SAR 100 per night
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of SAR 100 per person (approximately)
Children's club access is available for an extra charge
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of SAR 300 per vehicle (one-way)
WiFi is available in guestrooms for SAR 49 per day (rates may vary)
Wired Internet access is available in public areas for SAR 70 (rates may vary)
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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Posted by Jennifer on Feb 4, 2012 in Entrées, Recipes | 0 comments
If you make your sweet potatoes ahead of time, you'll have dinner ready in the time it takes you to make an accompanying salad! Try it for packed lunches too.
|Quick Fix: Sweet Tater with Black Beans


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About the Book
Features & Details
- Category Sports & Adventure
Small Square, 7×7 in, 18×18 cm
26 Pages
- Publish Date May 13, 2009
- Tags High School Sports, Kingston Oklahoma, Basketball, Sports
See More
About the Creator
Shawn Stovall
Kingston, OK
I'm 39 year old husband and dad to 2 teenagers. I sell vacation property on Lake Texoma, and love photographing H.S. Sports.
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Brooke and Vivien
Belle, Lacey and Allison
Libby's Library
Kathy and K. P.
Mona! (Thank you for remembering The Love Boat)
J.L. and Christi the Teen Librarian
P.S. The last chapter will be published online on March 15th! I'm simply GIDDY!
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Table Runners, Table Squares and Tablecloths
Seating Table Capacity:
Our Table Runners come standard with squared ends and finished hems.
Help in measuring for Table Runners:
The "rule of thumb" is the width of the runner should be 1/3 the width of the table.
The standard drop off each end of the table can be from 6 to 12 inches. If you plan on seating someone at the end of the table go a bit shorter so the Table Runner doesn't pool in their lap. For more formal events, the drop off each end should be between 15" to floor length....depending on personal preference.
Sequin, Rosette & Petal Overlays:
Sequin Pillow Covers come standard with lining and an invisible zipper.
Photo Backdrops come in a variety of sizes. They come with a 3" rod pocket and are lined, to avoid transparency, and have finished hems.
Bridesmaids Robes are available in satin, cotton and muslin in a variety of colors and patterns . Available in One Size Fits Most (ladies 0-14)


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Re: [jacksongenealogy] MESSAGE FROM THE LIST MANAGER
Expand Messages
- Richard, Hope your health continues to improve. I, for one, appreciate all
you do for the list. It is great!
Mary Winn Anderson
married to Jim Anderson, a descendant of Horatio Anderson, Jackson Co., also
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----- Original Message -----
From: "Richard Matthews" <prm@...>
To: <email@example.com>
Sent: Wednesday, June 25, 2003 9:49 PM
Subject: [jacksongenealogy] MESSAGE FROM THE LIST MANAGER
> Well, it looks like our nasty unwanted member is at it again. I have
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Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


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On 19 December 2015, 4000 hectares of land and 12 houses were burnt in the area of Scotsburn, south of Ballarat in central west Victoria.
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Within several weeks of increasing exercise, changing your diet, and taking a complete joint supplement your swelling is going to go way down, your range of motion is going to improvement, and you're going to feel great. First, it acts as a highly effective lubricant in the joints, muscles and other tissues, allowing them to move smoothly. MSM glucosamine and Type II Collagen have been found to be extremely effective when used together. Glucosamine sulphate prevents the cartilage from further deterioration. In some cases, though, a permanent relief cream may not be possible. Is joint pain remedy all it's cracked up to be? It depends on what customer reviews you read. While there are many causes and diseases that can contribute to joint pain, the most common are osteoarthritis and sports injuries. If you've been around you know that finding an inexpensive source for joint pain relief is valuable discovery. Over the years, the bones begin to rub against each other beneath the cartilage. Whichever supplement you choose is based on entirely your choice as much as there's no secret cure; what works for you may not work for others. Natural joint formula products focus on long term healing and although they might be a little slower to punch in, they're definitely a more reliable solution in the long run. Alternative treatments like supplements and acupuncture have become increasingly popular in recent years, so much so that the National Institute of Health is currently conducting research on both to determine the effect they have on joint pain cures.
Your diet is more important than you might think. Therefore, people with shellfish allergy or iodine hypersensitivity may have an allergic reaction to glucosamine products. Dr janet's glucosamine cream is an easy way to complement this. A good tip for this problem is to sleep on your side instead of on your back in order to reduce some of the pressure on your spine. You should also beware of allergies that can be caused by natural products. It's just good old fashioned grunt research work.
SAM-e is one of the most commonly recommended natural arthritis pain reliefs. Most of us think of inflammation as a hot, red and swelling reaction to over exertion or an injury, but that's just the beginning. There are many reputed herbs, and supplements that target pain and inflammation that exist in many cultures. It occurs naturally in some plants and is present in small amounts of various foods and drinks. Sometimes morphine, opiates, and psychotropic drugs are prescribed as joint drugs. This also includes everything in the muscle pain relief category, but with additions such as homeopathic treatments. In a future article, I'm going to give you some quick tips for cryoderm. I'm getting more information together about foods for arthritis pain because It can save you some real cash. It is expected for some to show some success with capsaicin cream. With concerns rising in the medical field recently about heart disease dangers of several prescription medications, many people are looking for a safe alternative to deal with joint pain. The symptoms at times may resemble those of arthritis, as the joints, which have an aching pain also, get swollen and become tender. With regard to joint health and arthritis, cytokines regulate various inflammatory responses. That can only come from perfect planning and by doing your homework in order to find the best arthritis pain relief.
If you are experiencing swelling, you should apply a cold compress of either ice or frozen peas wrapped in a towel. Yes, you read it right. It is also used as a home therapy in some parts of the world. Usually the ache happens at the interior part of the arm, at the elbows' joints. For that, you can locate a better person. The situation is that there is a predicament with this. Fish oils present in Omega 3 are considered to be a rich source of combating joint pain related problems. The plant commonly known as Devil's Claw contains a highly potent anti-inflammatory compound that works just as well as prescription drugs – and sometimes better. When it comes to buying and selling capsaicin cream you are not bound to any single event as long as I have this need to make sure things are as they should be.


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High Carb Foods- Why You Should Keep Them Under Control
Diets With High Carb Foods Won't Work
If you are looking to lose weight, a diet loaded with high carb foods and low fat is probably not going to work for you, and you will probably gain weight. The argument for high carbohydrate diets seems to be a backlash against low carb diets such as the Atkins Diet, popular in the 1970s. We don't think these low carbohydrate diets are the answer, either. The fact is, as is the case with most things we consume in our diet, there are happy mediums for everything. More of a good thing isn't better.
Lately there seems to be a school of thought that carbs are the good guys of nutrition. Athletes in heavy endurance training might be able to get away with eating lots of high carbohydrate foods, but when most of us devour breads, pasta and cereals in mass quantities, we are probably going to gain weight. Just because you cut back on fats, if your diet consist of 75% of carbohydrates to total calories you won't lose weight.
What Happens When You Eat Carbohydrates
It is true that fat calories can be easily converted into body fat, but calories from carbs (as well as protein) can also be transformed into fat if these calories are not used. If you load up on carbohydrates, any extra that you don't use will be converted into glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles, or fatty acids, which is stored as body fat.
So what happens to these carbohydrates when you start downing them in mass quantities? Initially, glycogen is sent to the muscles for growth and repair, and also to the liver to keep your organs to function properly. This is not that much; a couple of cups of pasta, maybe. After that, most everything is surplus, and the body has to do something with it.
The body sends more insulin into the bloodstream in response to this increase in glucose in the blood, and off to long-term storage it goes, also known as fat. Now carbohydrates are fat-free, and since you are on a fat-free diet you should be losing weight, but sadly you're gaining weight. And to make things even worse, because your rising insulin levels are telling the body to store more fat, it won't release the fat you already have in storage. So that high carb foods diet is adding unwanted pounds.
Why Do You Get Hungry Right After a High Carb Meal?
Have you asked yourself why you get hungry two hours following a high carbohydrate meal? It's that crazy uncle insulin again. Insulin's job is to lower blood sugar levels. When that is done, and blood sugar is again low, then cravings for sweets usually start. When you don't satisfy those cravings, your mood goes south and you have no energy. And during this time you think you should be burning stored fat, but you're pretty much going into hibernation.
So the answer to why those high carb foods aren't working is because they do not moderate your response to insulin. By eliminating the intake of refined sugars and keeping carbohydrates a moderate part of your diet, about 40%, you can avoid those disastrous insulin spikes. Normally, non-carbohydrate foods, that is high in proteins and the so-called good fats, tend not to set off insulin. Also, natural fiber should be added to the diet to minimize the insulin response.
There is an easy and relatively inexpensive way to have the nutrition experts control your diet, and still consume delicious meals, and that is with meal delivery plans. Read more about it on our website http://losethatbellyfat.info/
High Carb Foods
Woman Who Sleeps 22 Hours a Day, Craves Unhealthy Foodu2014Wait Is This Me - Gawker
Woman Who Sleeps 22 Hours a Day, Craves Unhealthy Food—Wait Is This MeGawkerThe BBC published a report on a 20-year-old in Stockport, England who suffers from an extremely rare disease that causes her to sleep 22 hours a day and crave unhealthy foods. Beth Goodier, a normal-looking youth by any definition, has Kleine-Levin ...and more »
More at Woman Who Sleeps 22 Hours a Day, Craves Unhealthy Foodu2014Wait Is This Me - Gawker
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What Is Margarine, and Is It As Healthy As Butter
What Is Margarine in Comparison to Butter?
When we ask what is margarine, we will look to its health benefits. Nutrition-wise,we will point out that it just doesn't stack up to butter. And after reading this, we doubt you will ever want to use margarine again. Looking at what margarine is, we can only assume we went down the margarine path because we didn't know better.
The best option for keeping good eating habits when cooking will be to compare cooking oils that are available to us. You will find olive oil as one of these staples in cooking healthy, delicious meals. At the bottom of this piece check out an interesting video on cholesterol.
So Just What is Margarine?
The damage of margarine isn't readily apparent, but the evidence against it is the way it is produced. It starts with cheaper oil such as cottonseed oil, and then goes through a hydrogenation treatment. This is where hydrogen molecules are forced into the oil molecules under extreme heat. The catalyst that is used in this process is toxic nickel.
From there it's bleached and deodorized, flavored artificially and tinted with a yellow dye. So far nothing we describe will make you want to use margarine. Some defenders of the product make the claim there is less Trans fat in soft margarine. This is a little like defending cigarette smoking, saying it's okay if you cut your usage back. It may not be as bad, but any processed food should not be in our diet.
The Pluses and Minuses of Butter
Butter on the other hand has the same amount of calories as margarine. It does have nutritional benefits, plus it helps in the absorption into the body of other nutrients. It has gotten a rap because it is elevated levels of saturated fats. It comes from animals and will be graded lower because it isn't derived from vegetation. But because it is saturated fat doesn't automatically disqualify it as a healthy food.
For instance, when consumed moderately saturated fats can help our bodies better utilize Omega-3s. Also, current investigation suggests that the natural (not processed) Trans fat in butter can actually be healthy because of their anti-cancer components. Finally, by utilizing organic butter, or that which has had no pesticides or antibiotics through its production, it rates very well in health benefits as opposed to hazards.
The What Is Margarine vs Butter Issue Will Persist
As more data comes in, we will probably continue to hear the debate. Plus there is an entire industry that understandably wants to shine the best light possible on their product. But our opinion couldn't be clearer: there is absolutely no reason at all to use margarine. If you use butter in moderation, especially organic, you should have no health issues.
As stated earlier, there are better alternatives when it is necessary to use oils in your cooking. Olive oil is very healthy, and is a staple for the Mediterranean diets, and its health benefits have become more renown all the time. But bear in mind that olive oil doesn't hold up well to intense heat when cooking, and has high calorie content, so apply it in moderation. And also keep in mind you cannot make unhealthy foods healthy simply by adding olive oil to them.
Keeping Health and Fitness Resolutions in Potomac - Virginia Connection Newspapers
Virginia Connection NewspapersKeeping Health and Fitness Resolutions in PotomacVirginia Connection Newspapers"Habits, both healthy and unhealthy, take time to change," said Ben King, a personal trainer in Potomac. "If you gradually add exercise and healthy foods to your diet and slowly move away from a sedentary lifestyle and remove unhealthy foods, you're ...
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Unsaturated Fats vs Saturated Fats- Cut Through the Myths
Unsaturated Fats vs Saturated Fats
By looking at unsaturated fats and saturated fats, we find that although they're similar in calorie content, the effect they have on the body is much different. We know we can't exist without them, so by educating ourselves we can formulate a diet plan that is best for our health. In this discussion we will also discuss Trans fats, but basically our advice on them: stay away from them, period. A diet to reduce our excess fat that uses unsaturated fats and saturated fats in the proper proportion is what we are trying to achieve.
Should We Eliminate All Fats?
First, are we better off eliminating fats from our diet completely? We all know that too much fat is bad, so should we attempt to wipe it out of our diet totally? The answer is a definite no. Fats are an important part of our diet, as they assist in absorbing many nutrients, such as vitamins A, D, E, and K. Another valuable function of fats is to offer linoleic acid, which is an essential fatty acid as an aid to metabolism. Finally, fat adds to the flavor of foods, making eating a more pleasing experience. So with that, we will talk about the benefits and harmful effects of the three basic types of fats.
1. Unsaturated Fats. These come from plants, and are found in avocado, peanut oil, nuts, olives and olive oil as monounsaturated fat. As polyunsaturated fats they can be found in such foods as safflower, sesame, corn, cottonseed and soybean oils. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in soy, fax seed, cold water fish such as salmon, and walnuts, are also vital for health, as they assist our immune system. Look on the label for unsaturated fats, but remember they are still calorie-laden so more isn't necessarily better.
2. Saturated Fat. These are fats originating as animals, and include dairy, eggs, meat to name a few. They will be dense at room temperature, and with these fats discussing their benefits will bring up a lot of gray area. A great deal of how they affect the body has to do with their molecular composition, and if you want to get into that complex subject further check out the Wikipedia page on fat. But they directly elevate LDL levels of cholesterol and can clog arteries, so their use should be watched carefully.
But saturated fats do have some redeeming qualities. They help in the absorption of vitamin D, and this is important for bone calcium. In addition, brain cell maintenance, prevention of infectious diseases, helping the liver with protection from toxins and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In short, for a well-rounded diet (with the exception of some vegetarian diets) it would be very difficult to eliminate saturated fats from our diet. But again they should only be consumed in moderation.
3. Trans Fats. There isn't much good we can say about these guys. It had been estimated recently that 40% of our grocery shelves in much of America had product with Tran's fats in them. If you eat product that is processed, baked or fried, you probably are consuming these fats. Many communities like New York City have tried or been successful in legislating them out of all foods sold there, and companies like McDonald's have eliminated them from all their foods. It hasn't been easy, as finding alternatives that make the food taste as good as these fats do is difficult. They also extend product shelf life.
But why society is trying so hard to get rid of Tran's fats makes sense. There has been established a link with them and fat gain, especially in the stomach area. Even so-called low calorie products can add body fat if those calories are from Tran's fat. They're manufactured, and are produced by turning liquid oils into solid fat, like shortening and hard margarine by injecting them with hydrogen.
It's not easy determining what is good and bad with fats, but you do know you must control the quantity you consume. By cooking more foods at home and learning how to read ingredient labels you will be able to control your diet much better when it comes to fats along with the rest of your diet. There is a third way to go, which has taken hold in much of the United States and elsewhere. That is Diet-to-Go, where you can turn food planning and preparation over to expert dietitians you can trust for roughly $18 per day. There are other vendors who are serving this rapidly-growing industry.
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OregonLive.com12 tips for a heart-healthy dietOregonLive.comHere are 12 steps that can put you on the road to a heart-healthy diet. 1. Eat more vegetables and fruits: Plants play a significant role in fighting heart disease because they're high in nutrients and fiber, and are low in saturated fats and cholesterol.Start with diet to get heart healthySt. George Daily SpectrumBrunner: Take these healthy recipes to heartThe ColoradoanHealthy Eating for a Healthy HeartMillstone NewsMontgomery Advertiser -Shelby Star -Daily Local Newsall 34 news articles »
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9NEWS.comWhat are some healthy breakfast options?9NEWS.comIn the New Year, many people choose to focus their New Year's resolutions around eating healthier, exercising more, and weight loss. For some, this may include changing their breakfast habits. Skipping breakfast is an everyday habit for some, while ...
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Hi Sunshines,
If you're reading this it's because you probably watched one of my 12 Days of Christmas Giveaways video and you're here to know and the rules! Please read carefully⇢ RULES + GUIDELINES (Click Here)
Brief⇢ from December 9th to December 20th I will be releasing 12 giveaways, for 12 winning subscribers, for 12 days. I will be selecting 1 winner from each of my 12 videos comments section and I will announce all 12 giveaway winners names on December 21st (which is the day after the last Giveaway) All winners will be announced on my YouTube channel and in a new blog post.
PS: In your comment entry please provide a form of contact through social media so that I can easily find you and contact you if you are the winner. The reason for this is that many times people enter giveaways but their YouTube account is set to private or provides no contact information or link to your social media accounts, which makes it impossible to find you therefor you may be disqualified. Keep in mind, If your account is private I cannot reply to your comments or see any information on your page.
Good Luck Sunshines!
Reference: http://www.youtube.com/t/community_guidelines


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Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound. In toothpaste, it is the anti-sensitivity active ingredient that penetrates the exposed tubules (tiny holes) of the teeth to relieve the pain from sensitive nerves inside teeth. Additionally, it is one of the ADA-approved ingredients to treat tooth hypersensitivity.
Most people begin to feel relief after two weeks of use. On average, Colgate® Sensitive toothpaste toothpastes provide clinically proven relief from painful sensitivity within two weeks and continue to deliver long-lasting protection with regular use.
Colgate® Sensitive toothpaste contains the maximum amount (5 percent) of the active ingredient potassium nitrate allowed by the FDA to treat and protect against hypersensitivity.
Yes, any of the Colgate® Sensitive products can effectively clean teeth, provide everyday cavity protection, and they have a refreshing mint taste, in addition to providing clinically proven relief from painful sensitivity.
Colgate® Sensitive toothpaste contains sodium fluoride to fight cavities.
Yes. All Colgate® toothpastes clean teeth well by removing tooth debris by removing plaque and surface stains.
If you are interested in whitening your teeth choose a toothpaste that helps restore your smile while also whitening your teeth, such as Colgate® Sensitive Whitening toothpaste.
Colgate® Sensitive Whitening toothpaste contains high-cleaning silica to safely and gently whiten teeth by removing surface stains.
Long-lasting protection with regular use means that as long as you continue to use the product, it will be effective. In fact, the effect of the product improves with continued twice daily use.
Tooth surface abrasion and gum recession can cause tooth sensitivity. A hard-bristled toothbrush can contribute to both, but a soft-bristled brush, such as Colgate® 360® Enamel Health™ Sensitive Toothbrush, is gentler and kinder to your teeth.
The FDA requires this statement on the packaging of all over-the-counter desensitizing toothpastes. Sensitive teeth may indicate a serious problem that may need prompt care by a dentist. If after four weeks of use you do not experience sensitivity relief, see your dentist.
Colgate® Sensitive Smartfoam® with Whitening toothpaste has 30 percent more foam than Colgate® Sensitive Whitening toothpaste, and it gets into tough-to-reach spaces.
Colgate® Sensitive Complete Protection toothpaste helps relieve sensitivity, protect enamel, defend against cavities, fight tartar, remove plaque*, promote healthy gums*, freshen breath and keep teeth whiter.
*with regular brushing


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Kaspersky Analysis: Black Market in Botnets
Virus analyst Yury Namestnikov investigated the structure, functionality and business model of botnets for antivirus firm Kaspersky Lab with some surprising results.
Since the time decades ago when networks consisted of a few dozen centrally controlled computers, botnets have steadily increased in number. Kasperky's Namestnikov speaks of the current widely distributed systems of millions of hijackable systems with decentralized control. The reason behind these zombie networks, as he calls them, is the money to be made, and that with little technical know-how.
Getting on board the cybercrime business no longer requires you to be a programmer. Cybercrime forums are now easily available on the Web to help in creating zombie networks and infecting them with netbots. "Bots for sale" signs are everywhere. And to make it even more egregious, obfuscation and encryption can also be applied to the bot code to keep it from being detected.
A netbot generator next has to work for its distribution, per spam, forum and social network postings or drive-by downloads. Bots often include self-replication functions that act as viruses or worms.
The tricks cybercriminals employ are often quite simple. One is drive-by downloads. Before downloading an interesting video, a user might first need to install a special program. When the user visits a prepared website, the drive-by download exploits a security hole in the browser to download malware, without the user suspecting a thing.
Income for cybercriminals can come from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, theft of confidential information, spams, phishing, search engine spamming, click fraud and distribution of adware and malicious programs. As Namestnikov notes in his analysis, "if chosen, any of these sources can provide a cybercriminal with a good income. But why choose? A botnet can perform all of these activities- at the same time!"
|Gallery (3 images)
Issue 202/2017
Buy this issue as a PDF
LibreOffice 5.4 Released
Comes with improved support for Microsoft Office file formats.
Red Hat to Drop Support for Btrfs
The company is building their own storage solution called Stratis.
Reinvent your network with DevOps tools and techniques:
Opportunities and Risks: Containers for DevOps
Automated Builds Using CentOS 7 and Kickstart
Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana – The ELK stack
Are you ready for DevOps? Try your luck with the beta version of Linux Professional Institute's new DevOps exam.
Kolab Now Integrates Collabora Online
Kolab Now subscribers now have access to Collabora Online.
Endless OS, a Distribution Without Internet
A new version of Endless OS has been released.
GitHub Announces Open Source Friday Program
They encourage people to take time out and work on open source projects on Friday.
System76 Announces Their Own Distro, Pop!_OS
Pop!_OS is based on Ubuntu and uses the Gnome stack.
Linus Torvalds Talks About His Motivation
He never tires of working on the Linux kernel.
Debian 9 Stretches Its Wings
The new release of Debian has a very strong focus on security.
Trojan Turns Raspberry Pi into a Cryptocurrency Mining Device
Two trojans in the wild are targeting Linux machines.


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Social Democrat MP for Halle says he will not allow racists to intimidate him on social media.Read More
Sunday, 19 June 2016 08:11
Protesters express frustrations with US presence on island after a former Marine allegedly raped and killed a woman.
Tens of thousands of demonstrators have rallied on the Japanese island of Okinawa, protesting against the heavy US military presence and violent crimes by American personnel there.
Gathered on Sunday afternoon, protesters expressed their frustrations with the US after a former Marine employed as a civilian base worker allegedly raped and murdered a 20-year-old local woman in April.
The case has intensified long-standing opposition to the military bases, a key part of the US-Japan security alliance, on the island popular with tourists.
The rally also called for the scrapping of plans by Washington and Tokyo to move a major US Marine facility in the centre of the island to pristine waters off the northern coast.
Okinawa's governor, Takeshi Onaga, who was expected to attend the rally, opposes the plan and instead wants Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, which sits in the middle of a crowded city, to be moved off the island altogether.
He has revoked approval for work on the facility, in a setback to the plan, despite the fact that Washington and Tokyo vow to push forward.
The roots of the presence goes back to the end of World War II when Okinawa was the site of a battle between Japan and the US, followed by a 27-year US occupation.
High-profile crimes have sparked large-scale protest rallies before on Okinawa, now considered a strategic linchpin supporting the US-Japan alliance, but where pacifist sentiment runs high.
In 1995, tens of thousands rallied following the rape by three American personnel of a 12-year-old girl. The protests prompted Washington to pledge to reduce the US footprint on the fortified island.
Nearly 100,000 people joined a protest in 2010 against the construction of the new base off the northern coast.
US officials have grown increasingly concerned that the behaviour of its troops on the island could jeopardise support among Japanese for the security relationship.
Washington have imposed restrictions including on off-base alcohol consumption after an intoxicated sailor injured two locals while driving this month.
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|Re-installed Eclipse, now Ant won't run
|Tue, 02 Dec 2008 16:01:20 GMT
I just re-installed Eclipse 3.4 (Win XP) with Ant 1.7. Something is wrong with my environment (I'm thinking) because I'm not able to run even a simple build script, like the below. <project name="test" default="echotest" basedir="."> <target name="echotest" description="build production ear"> <echo>Hello all</echo> </target> </project> When I run this through the Ant perspective, the console indicates that the process kicked off, but hangs and never terminates (notice the red terminate button is active) -- http://screencast.com/t/ZSZY6BXHYKm. My gut tells me this has something to do with my environment but I don't know what to check or where the problem is reported. Any ideas where to start? Thanks, - Dave --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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London was just so fun. I was lucky enough to be traveling with friends who studied abroad in the city during college, so my time there really felt like I was being toured around by the locals! I think everyone typically shows up on a trip with things planned of what they wanted to do, but I really took advantage of my crew and just…showed up. The only thing that had been on my list was Portobello Road (insane vintage/thrift shopping!), but unfortunately it wasn't operating while we were there. Sad, but what we did get to do (and more importantly, eat) definitely made up for it.
One of the first things we did was take advantage of an amazing day and wander through Kensington Gardens. I had never been and was so taken aback by the gorgeous sprawling green lawns, untamed fields (SO MANY DOGS RUNNING AROUND) and manicured flower patches. It was just so lovely and honestly made me want to move to London more than I already did—I could just perfectly imagine sunny days spent picnicking in the park. Which probably wouldn't actually happen because I'd have to work but, ya know—dreams, people, dreams.
I also find it super important to note that we serendipitously stumbled upon an English bulldog meet up. Seriously. Upwards of 20 English bulldogs hanging out together and rolling in the grass. #GOALS.
Another favorite stop? Camden Market. Touristy, sure, but a stop everyone has to make at least once when visiting London. We snacked on delicious food (including authentic fish and chips!) and did a bit of shopping—I ended up scoring a really cute vintage prayer rug that has since taken up residence in my living room.
Borough Market is another stop that should definitely be on every foodie traveler's list. The eats are insane. Everything from fish and chips (obviously) and more typical English fare, as well as loads and loads of desserts. I opted for seafood paella (my favorite!) with extra crunchy bits, which are the best part—but definitely did more than my far share of grazing on other people's selections. Couldn't help it—everything was just so good!
Our last fully day was spent hitting up the main sites—great for newbies like me (I'd been to London once before but didn't get to see much) and fun for the ones that were used to seeing those sites every day on their way home from classes (kind of a crazy thought, right?). In typical London fashion, it was a bit drizzly and cloudy the day we were touring around—it felt like the complete British experience!