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If you want to do a renovationtask in your kitchen, it is the best way to enhance the charm of your overallhouse. In the Euro system the doors and cabinets are packaged separately which allows us to offer you a wide range of different colour options. Kitchen Cabinets have come a long was from being simple storage with doors on the front. Our customers consistently inspire us to provide them innovative kitchen cabinetry designs, the finest craftsmanship and outstanding support. Proving that contemporary kitchens don't have to be all-white, this Lakeridge area home features wooden cabinets that blend beautifully with the home's hardwood floors. The most important is the type of the constructions and the quality of the materials used and not the brand of the cabinets. You will have the freedom to choose an accessory that suits your kitchen and your pocket. If you noticed in the very first image, the 3 adjacent inset doors have a very 'plain' look.
The modifications concerning height, width and depth makes these cabinets custom. These basic wall cabinets have a very clean, contemporary look but frameless cabinets are versatile. Toward the middle of the 18th century, the use of decorative door hardware made a comeback. These sites imported cabinets directly and this was the main reason the RTA kitchen cabinet prices were so good. For cabinets with a natural finish, use some Old English Furniture Polish to hide nicks and scratches. Also, screw cup hooks into the edges of doors and drawers so you can grab hold and move them without fingerprinting the paint; then hang them up for out-of-the-way drying. So if you swing the door open too fast, the force can rip the hinge screw right out of the cabinet wall. The whole point of this article is to be aware that your choice of cooking appliances can have a dramatic impact on the overall costs and function of a new kitchen. These cabinet pulls and knobs come in the shape of forks, spoons and hot peppers.
The cost of kitchen cupboard refacing is significantly less than the value of utterly gutting your kitchen and in an exceedingly a lot of shorter time period. Eh saya rase awak dapat reasonable price sgt utk kitchen cabinet, wardrobes siap plak ngan tv panel. Be sure to paint the kitchen a shade that will compliment the rest of the house. Yes the fronts of the cabinets appeared to be solid wood faces, but the sides and backs were clearly made of a cheap particle board. Your kitchen designer has to know about it and is responsible for the actual fit and finish.
T's really quite ironic in the kitchen business…All the same reasons we tore out and disposed of kitchens just 40 years ago…worn through, beat up, open joints, crackled cabinets with exposed hinges, thumb latches and magnetic catches are being replicated as fashionable new kitchens!! Customized kitchen cabinets, although available from some cabinet companies, are most often bought from local cabinet makers. Additional features of the cabinets make the life much easier but they increase the cost. Thanks in part to the Food Network, kitchen islands have transformed and mobilized. Now get some graph paper and sketch in the current kitchen cabinet layout using all the wall measurements. No matter what décor or architectural style your kitchen is done in, the kitchen cabinets undoubtedly play a major role. With open shelves the kitchen feels more open and airy and items are easier to find. Which is kind of ridiculous but in order to have a sexy kitchen we have no choice.
Further customize and update the look of your cabinets with new kitchen cabinet hardware. Depending on the type of finishing given to the material, price ranges between $3 and $6 per square foot in many hardware stores. Identifying the parts – Remembering which parts are what and what parts go where can be another hard task to endure when you start refacing cabinets. The size of your wooden dowels in a personal preference, these can be found in the trim section of your local hardware or building supply store.
There are many inspirational ideas out there to help you on your way, but remember to keep it simple and creative. When creating a new floor plan everything must flow, including the kitchen cabinets. The main purpose of this step is to convert the renovation designs of your kitchen into construction documents. While it is important to not clutter your kitchen, a couple of well chosen photos or paintings might improve the look of your kitchen. If you can use simple tools and follow instructions, you can assemble the cabinets yourself. And choosing a popular countertop material means choosing a kitchen that will stand the test of time… even if your love affairs do not.
Kitchen cabinet refacing is becoming more popular these days, and with good reason. This is also a great time to check for any damage on the cupboard doors, knobs and hinges. There are tons of different products and appliances that can transform your kitchen and potentially save you a lot of time and effort. If you are interested in replacing your kitchen lights, you will find that you, literally, have an unlimited number of different options. If you want to have a less drastic change in your kitchen and do not want to buy new ones, you can paint your existing cabinets.
For vintage kitchens true to the time period the plain inset cabinets with semi-exposed hinges would be the accurate choice. Kitchen layout is so important, I hate a dysfunctional kitchen that doesn't flow well. I love cooking and being able to cook in one of these modern kitchen designs would be great. The bottom cabinet is a little bit less annoying simply because we installed some drawers from The Container Store. Along with offline sources, there is also the opportunity to find multi-functional furniture for the kitchen at many online stores. We have cabinets for a kitchen island you've always wanted, with a tailored exterior for food preparation and serving, and an organized interior for storing necessities.
Like solid are expensive many a times, solid wood is less suited to most of the kitchen cabinet parts, it consumes moisture, it also stinks in stimulus to humid in the atmosphere, it can be cracked when it is moved. Pairing dark graphite colors with glossy white accents to create a high-contrast design is one of my favorite ways to incorporate these natural color palettes into a room. The kitchen is one of the busiest rooms in the house, so it's a good use of time to get the space looking and working at its best. The Helensvale is a textured melamine door that is well suited to both contemporary and traditional kitchen styles.
If you are one of the many people wanting to remodel your kitchen, inspired by the beautiful photos of lovely kitchens on television and in magazines, you may feel that your budget is keeping your dream kitchen out of reach. Free installation is likely to come with a cost in time rather than $$. You may be able to save time and money with a compromise solution where you assemble the cabinets yourself and then have an installer actually install them for you. You could add the special touch of dimming to provide mood enhanced lighting to give the kitchen more appeal. Most importantly kitchen is that part of the house that offers the delicious food to the tummy and gives taste at the end or at the start of the day. In L.A, there are lots of kitchen Cabinets and Warehouse which provides the excellent service.
G-Shaped Kitchen – this type of kitchen shape is becoming very popular, and it gives you a fourth wall to use. Water dishes for animals will need a different home but other than that your wood flooring is a great option for the kitchen. Just bring a picture of the cabinets with you when shopping and you'll be able to narrow your choices down to just a few. Unlike my other posts, there is no cut list or cut plan because these are general instructions and the size of the cabinet will vary based on your needs. Explore design elements unique to kitchens, such as countertops, flooring, and lighting, plus current trends in kitchen design. In a few easy steps, you can have a kitchen design plan you can save, print out and bring to your designer. Imagine a cabinet doing triple duty – adding architectural details, adding multiple types of storage and added visual height to the room.
If you are somebody who is in to online shopping then it will be an easy task on your part to get hold of the kitchen outlet and cabinet to beautify the nutrition corner. The leave a bit hidden at the top and the bottom doesn't really work well with frameless cabinets. As with any other exercise of choosing colors, a whole lot of elements come together to create a much loved blend of the perfect color of your cabinet. Remember what we said, the cabinets and the counter tops and the flooring are our largest design elements in a kitchen. If holes are already drilled in the cabinets for hardware, this can definitely limit your options of hardware. If you want a vintage look in your kitchen, then go with white vintage style kitchen cabinets.
Our kitchen does seem to be a gathering place and a hang out, and I love that there's room in my kitchen for people to gather while I prepare meals. The height of the side is simply the height of our cabinet minus an external base if using one. Not only the price of the cabinets we liked was outrageous but the quality did not justify such high cost. If functionality is more your style; your best bet in kitchen remodeling designs may lie in a contemporary kitchen design. Frameless cabinets might give more space because there are no beams or stiles taking up room, and also offer slightly easier access to contents. If you're doing it yourself, consider taking off a cabinet door to take with you to the home improvement store. Use sponge and cleaner to clean the cabinets (all surfaces that is going to be painted). Tiny Kitchen: You don't have to steer away from dark colors in a small kitchen. This will help to make sure that you get all the help that you need for your kitchen renovation needs.
Reasons for remodeling vary, some homeowners just want to remodel to be able to resell their home for a better return, while others may just want to enjoy their dream kitchen. This mirror TV can be built-in installed in any cabinet the TV is turned off and 100% mirror glass cabinet doors, you can not see the TV. When the TV is turned on, a television to appear in your sight suddenly, grim magic scenes. Improve the Lighting – One of the most cost effective kitchen ideas to get a modern look is to update the lighting in your kitchen. I have some work to do on a condo we bought and I will plan to go with RTA from Custom Service Hardware again. You can search about the cabinets about their design, color or style and material. What ever the source, recycling kitchen cabinets provides creative storage options and keeps the old cabinets out of the landfill.
Choosing the types of materials and style you want for your kitchen cabinets can be difficult. In such cases, it will be hard to find the spare parts of the cabinets in the future or when you find them, they may be expensive. Kids love playing in the kitchen while you work, but post-meal clean-up is enough of a drag without adding toys to the mix. If you are considering true inset cabinets for a major project and have your design work in order, feel free to contact this author from my profile page for a simple brand to brand comparison. We were amazed to see that doing our cabinets would cost us only one fifth of the price in stores, and that is including all the hardware and the expensive door handles my wife really wanted.
In addition, if you want to redo your kitchen without spending a lot of money, you can replace the cabinet doors without having to totally redo the cabinets. As the warm light will draw out warmth in the color, choose earthy colors like Almond Oil (EB46-4) or go with a stronger color like Sunglow (3003-2B) or Exotic Sea (5004-10B). Our budget friendly kitchen cabinets are an affordable alternative to high-priced designer store cabinets, but you won't have to sacrifice design or cabinet quality. If by chance the cabinet has been damaged during shipment, it will be evident from the boxing that it was damaged during transport.
Dan Fritschen, the creator of Remodel Or Move told us that big box retailers, like Home Depot and Lowe's , aren't traditionally part of the holiday rush, so they've begun to try a little harder to get on the map. Glass cabinet doors and chandeliers offer a return to the Old World but with modern comforts. There are many reasons, the most common motivation for a kitchen remodel is to re-arrange the room to best suit the family's needs. Safety is another aspect which you need to bear in mind while designing your kitchen. Before applying the next coat use a 400 grit sandpaper to lightly sand the flat surfaces of your cabinets. To begin with, before you even take the cabinets out of their boxes, you will want to draw out the design or layout on your walls, making sure that all of the cabinets are going to fit in the space provided. To present a sleek wall of color , the cabinet drawers and doors in this kitchen were installed without hardware.


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It Looks Like The Rock Was Calling Out Vin Diesel In His Instagram Rant
On Monday night, The Rock called out his male co-stars from "Fast 8" in a massive Instagram rant.
He called them "candy asses" and said some of them are "too chicken shit do anything about it anyway."
Where I come from, those are definitely some fighting words. But who exactly is The Rock planning on fighting?
On Tuesday, The Rock's "Fast 8" co-star Tyrese Gibson reportedly said he wasn't the one The Rock was talking about in his Instagram rant. In a now-deleted Instagram post, the man who plays Roman Pearce in "The Fast and the Furious" franchise reportedly wrote,
Does any of us know why bro decided to jump out there with his post? No…… Would one assume that IF he's going to jump out there and generalize and say 'Male Co-Stars' he would be more clear and call out names??? Of course he should of.
Let me calm you guys all the way down…….. I don't know WHO he has a problem [with] and I don't have any details of WHAT those problems are — as a matter of fact if I DID know I would tell you shit!!!
So, Rome is out, but it looks like Vin Diesel, who plays Dominic Toretto, could definitely be the male co-star The Rock is feuding with right now.
According to TMZ, Vin Diesel and The Rock have been beefing during the filming of "Fast 8," and The Rock was absolutely calling Vin out in his social media post.
Apparently, at least part of the feud stems from the fact Vin Diesel is a producer on "Fast 8" and made moves The Rock didn't really approve of.
The Rock and Vin Diesel reportedly met Tuesday to hash out the issues, but it's unclear if the two have reconciled their differences.
I don't know about you, but I'm still beyond pumped to see "Fast 8" in theaters once it comes out.
Citations: 'FAST & FURIOUS' FEUD Rock vs. Vin Diesel SECRET MEETING TO QUASH BEEF (TMZ), Tyrese Gibson Responds to Dwayne Johnson's 'Fast 8' Instagram Rant: 'He's My Brother' (Entertainment Tonight)
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subset: commoncrawl


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Maxima Concierto Herencia Hispana
Oct. 9, 2016
Bienvenidos! In celebration of Hispanic Heritage Month, the City of Clearwater will hold its annual Hispanic Heritage Concert at beautiful Coachman Park starting at 1 p.m. Featuring Internationally known Latin performers Wisin and more! Tickets start at $25. Children 5 & under Free. Click here to buy your tickets! There will be food & drink concessions, exhibitors and more.


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Approved Provider
Thank you to those that joined us either virtually or in person for the "WNA Approved Provider Workshop: Navigating the Waters of Gap Analysis, Outcomes, COI, Commercial Support and the 2015 ANCC/WNA Criteria Change." We're now planning to offer these programs annually, so check back for our 2017 dates!
Interested in becoming an Approved Provider through WNA CEAP?
That's great! We commend you for considering this next step in offering quality continuing nursing education.
Before beginning the application process, you must contact WNA Nurse Peer Review Leader (NPRL) Mary Kay Scheller at email@example.com to determine preliminary eligibility to apply and discuss the requirements of being an Approved Provider.
Several organizations in Wisconsin and beyond are now Approved Providers of continuing nursing education. For a complete list of WNA CEAP Approved Providers, click here.
Current WNA CEAP Approved Providers only:
All forms are provided in an active Word format to allow for electronic completion. Download and save the applicable forms to your computer before completing. As long as criteria isn't deleted from the documents, changes may be made to the forms to meet the needs of your Approved Provider unit (i.e. your organization's name/logo may be added). Current Approved Providers should not utilize forms/documents from the Individual Educational Activity (IEA) webpage.
- Conflict of Interest Form
Educational Activity Record Form (New – 8/1/17!)
- Education Activity Record Form Enduring Material Addendum
- Sample Educational Activity Record
- Crosswalk 2013 – 2015 ANCC Criteria WNA Requirements
Documents for current Approved Providers reapplying for Approved Provider status:
Approved Provider Application Process, Fees, and Decisions
Intent to Apply/Approved Provider Eligibility Verification
Approved Provider Application Instructions — Update to be posted soon
Monthly Approved Provider Calls
As discussed on previous Approved Provider conference calls, starting in 2016 recordings of all calls will be posted on the WNA CEAP webpage for a period of one week from the date of posting. Once the recordings are removed from the site, they will no longer be available.
Below is the recording from the 7/11/17 WNA CEAP Approved Provider conference call. The recording will be available until 7/24/17.
The next WNA CEAP Approved Provider conference call will be Tuesday, August 8th at 12:00 PM CST.
For questions on forms, fees, deadlines etc., please contact Megan at the WNA office at firstname.lastname@example.com
For questions related to eligibility and clarification of ANCC/WNA CEAP requirements and criteria, please contact WNA Nurse Peer Review Leader (NPRL) Mary Kay Scheller at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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About my penpalling, postcrossing, stationerys, my life... any more. ~ペンパルとの文通、ポスクロ、文具、日々の生活・・・その他のこと。
Awww so cute! You're very creative! ^^返信削除
Thanks for your comment!!
I love to make by myself^^
I'd love to make more!!
The letterpaper looks really pretty! Did you draw the lines on the paper too? I can't draw decent lines, even with all the "tools" I have, it always goes wrong.返信削除
Thanks for your comment!!
Oh, I didn't draw the lines by myself...:(
I'd love to do, but it's so difficult, isn't it?
By the way, "TomoyoHime" is so cute name^^
I like all the washi tapes you bought! We don`t have them here in Bosnia. You`re a nice panpal :)返信削除
Thanks for your comment^^
I know Washi tape is popular in many countries.
There are many Washi tape fans among my penpals!!
Oh,thanks!! I always want to be a nice penpal for my penpals...:)
You're so creative! I love the Halloween papers you'd made! And that's a lot of washi tapes you bought! All with gorgeous designs! And I'm also a washi tape fan too (Actually, I think all my pals are washi tapes addict)! Yay! :)返信削除


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The DNA repair protein O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) confers resistance to alkylating agents. Several methods have been applied to its analysis, with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) the most commonly used for promoter methylation study, while immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become the most frequently used for the detection of MGMT protein expression. Agreement on the best and most reliable technique for evaluating MGMT status remains unsettled. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the correlation between IHC and MSP.
A computer-aided search of MEDLINE (1950-October 2009), EBSCO (1966-October 2009) and EMBASE (1974-October 2009) was performed for relevant publications. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were those comparing MGMT protein expression by IHC with MGMT promoter methylation by MSP in the same cohort of patients. Methodological quality was assessed by using the QUADAS and STARD instruments. Previously published guidelines were followed for meta-analysis performance.
Of 254 studies identified as eligible for full-text review, 52 (20.5%) met the inclusion criteria. The review showed that results of MGMT protein expression by IHC are not in close agreement with those obtained with MSP. Moreover, type of tumour (primary brain tumour vs others) was an independent covariate of accuracy estimates in the meta-regression analysis beyond the cut-off value.
Protein expression assessed by IHC alone fails to reflect the promoter methylation status of MGMT. Thus, in attempts at clinical diagnosis the two methods seem to select different groups of patients and should not be used interchangeably.
The cellular protein O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA-repair protein that removes mutagenic and cytotoxic adducts from O6-guanine in DNA. Alkylating agents are among the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in human cancer. Alkylation induced by these compounds can produce either lethal double-strand cross-links, as is the case with bifunctional nitrosoureas (BCNU), or induce mismatch abortive repair and DNA fragmentation, as is the case with temozolomide [1-4]. The toxicity of alkylating agents is reduced in the presence of MGMT. Thus, MGMT confers resistance to alkylating agents in a wide spectrum of human tumours by reversing DNA toxicity. In brain neoplasms, hypermethylation of CpG islands in the MGMT gene promoter region, rather than mutation or deletion, is the major mechanism for the loss of MGMT function [2,5-7]. As a consequence, tumours with epigenetic silencing of MGMT gene become more sensitive to the killing effects of alkylating agents. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that epigenetic silencing of MGMT is a relevant prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma, anaplastic glioma and low grade glioma [8-14]. In fact, MGMT status has recently been recommended as a stratifying factor for patients in glioma trials [15,16].
Many methods and protocols have been applied for MGMT analysis in gliomas, but to date there is no consensus on which strategy should be primarily employed [17]. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) is the most commonly used test [9]. Indeed, in glioblastoma clinical trials, a strong correlation of the methylation status of MGMT with temozolomide response and patient outcome was shown. However, there are some methodological problems that limit the usefulness of this method in a routine diagnostic setting: it is complex, time-consuming, and highly dependent on tissue quality [18,19]. MGMT status can also be assessed by analyzing protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC is a reliable, commonly used method in diagnostic histopathology that is available in most laboratories. In addition, IHC is easier to use, less expensive and faster than MSP [20-29], and consequently it has become the most frequently used method for the detection of MGMT protein expression in the past decade [30]. In this line, some retrospective clinical reports have also shown a prognostic association between MGMT protein expression and/or activity and outcome.
However, studies aimed at evaluating the correlation between aberrant promoter methylation and loss of protein expression have yielded contradictory results, not only in brain tumours but also in other neoplasms. While we and other authors have shown that the relationship between MGMT promoter methylation status and MGMT protein expression is not absolute [31], other studies have found a strong correlation between homogeneous immunoreactivity and unmethylated promoter [32]. At present, there is a lack of data on which to base recommendations for a specific method or protocol for MGMT testing. Accordingly, there is a strong need for systematic comparisons and validation of intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility of different methods for MGMT assessment in order to identify the best method for clinical MGMT testing [33].
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the correlation between MGMT IHC and MSP in a large array of human brain and non-brain systemic tumours. Our primary objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of IHC at different cut-off values for test positivity. Because test accuracy is not a fixed property of a test [34], we have also studied several possible sources of heterogeneity such as subgroups of patients, differing interpretations of results, and study design features.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following previously published guidelines [34-37].
A computer-aided search of MEDLINE (1950-October 2009), EBSCO (1966-October 2009) and EMBASE (1974-October 2009) was performed for relevant publications. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms with accompanying entry terms were used (Additional file 1). To identify additional published, unpublished and ongoing studies, we entered relevant studies identified from the above sources into PubMed and then used the Related Articles function. The Science Citation Index was searched to identify articles citing relevant publications. The reference lists of all selected papers were also reviewed for search completion. Only English-language literature was considered eligible. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers (M.B. and J.I.) to identify relevant articles. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.
Studies meeting inclusion criteria were those comparing MGMT protein expression by IHC with MGMT promoter methylation by MSP as the reference test in the same cohort of patients. Not only brain tumour series but also others involving any type of cancer were considered eligible whenever both diagnostic tests were used in the same population. Studies on cellular lines were excluded. Information had to be available to allow the construction of the diagnostic two-by-two table with its four cells: true positive, false negative, false positive and true negative.
IHC performed with different commercially available antibodies was the test under evaluation and MSP was considered the reference test, as it is the most commonly used.
Methodological quality of included studies was assessed independently by two observers (M.B. and J.I.) using the QUADAS tool [38] which was specifically developed for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies. The tool is based on 14 items scored as "yes", "no", or "unclear". The items from the QUADAS tool and their interpretation can be found in Additional file 2.
Data extraction was performed independently by two authors (M.B. and J.I.), and included author and date, journal of publication, time of data collection, testing procedure, study population, reference test, performance of the reference test and of the index test, cut-off value used for immunolabeling, QUADAS-items, whether histological analysis of the tissue used for DNA extraction was performed or not, the percentage of methylated cases by MSP, the effect of methylated promoter/protein expression on survival, and data for two-by-two table. A quality score was not used as a weighting variable because of its subjectivity [39]. The STARD [40] checklist and flow diagram were also followed as recommended.
Studies reporting insufficient data for the construction of a two-by-two table were excluded from final analyses. Data from the two-by-two tables were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio for each study. We present individual study results graphically by plotting the estimates of sensitivity and specificity (and their 95%CI) in both forest plots and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space. Heterogeneity was investigated in the first instance through visual inspection of the relationship between pairs of accuracy estimates in forest plots and sROC space [41]. As one of the primary causes of heterogeneity in test accuracy studies is the threshold effect, which arises when different cut-offs are used in different studies to define a positive (or negative) test result, the computation of the Spearman correlation coefficient between the logit of sensitivity and logit of 1-specificity was also performed. A strong positive correlation suggests this threshold effect. In order to explore for heterogeneity other than threshold effect, the chi-square and Cochrane-Q tests were used. A low p-value suggests the presence of heterogeneity beyond what could be expected by chance alone. The inconsistency index (I-squared) was used to quantify the amount of consistency--that is, the percentage of total variation across studies due to heterogeneity rather than chance. Statistical heterogeneity can be defined as low, moderate and high for I2 values of 25%, 50% and 75% [42]. When a substantial heterogeneity was found, the reasons for it were explored by relating study level covariates to diagnostic odds ratio, using meta-regression techniques. Subgroup analyses trying to identify homogeneity were then performed but in all cases pooling was done using methods based on a random effect model. This model assumes that in addition to the presence of random error, differences between studies can also result from real differences between study populations and procedures, and it includes both within-study and between-study variations. Sensitivity and specificity were compared between these subgroups using the z-test [36]. Publication bias was examined by construction of a funnel-plot. The x-axis consisted of the natural logarithm of the diagnostic odds radio, and the y-axis was the standard error, which is considered the best choice [43]. In the absence of bias the graph resembles a symmetrical inverted funnel because the accuracy estimates from smaller studies scatter more widely at the bottom of the graph, with the spread narrowing with increasing accuracy among larger studies. If there is publication bias the funnel plot will appear skewed and asymmetrical. Although useful, interpretation of the funnel-plot is subjective; for this reason the Egger's regression test became necessary in order to measure the funnel-plot asymmetry numerically [44]. The intercept provides a measure of the assymetry: the greater its deviation from zero the more pronounced the asymmetry.
Statistical analysis was performed using Meta-Disc software http://www.hrc.es/investigacion/metadisc_en.htm[45]. The analysis for publication bias was performed using CMA-1 http://www.Meta-Analysis.com. Two-sided P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.
The initial search strategy yielded 812 articles, 254 of which were eligible for full-text review. Of these, 182 studies were ruled out, and 72 were selected for data extraction. All selected studies were diagnostic cohort studies. Seventeen studies [20,26,30,46-59] reported data that were insufficient for the construction of the two-by-two table, and in 3 studies [60-62] protein expression was assessed by a test other than IHC. These 20 studies were not included in the analysis. Thus, 52 relevant studies constitute the basis of this analysis (17 glioma studies, 3 non-glioma brain tumour studies and 32 non-brain systemic tumour studies) comprising a total of 2,943 patients: 539 with primary brain tumours, 178 with brain metastases of various solid tumours and 2,226 with non-brain systemic cancer (Figure (Figure1).1). Additional file 3 and Additional file 4 show the characteristics of included studies.
Regarding the IHC analysis, the most commonly used antibody was anti-MGMT mouse monoclonal clone MT3.1 (from Dako, Chemicon International, NeoMarkers, Santa Cruz Biotechnology or Kamiya Biomedical Laboratories), which was reported in 39 out of 52 (75%) studies, followed by anti-MGMT mouse monoclonal antibody clone MT23.2 (from Zymed Laboratory) which was used in 4 (7.6%) series. Other commercially available anti-MGMT antibodies were reported in 7 (13.4%) additional studies. In one study, no laboratory specification was reported [63]. MGMT immunoexpression was qualitatively analyzed in 16 out of 52 (30.8%) studies. Accordingly, a semiquantitative score which estimates the fraction of positive cells was used in 36 studies (69.2%). Indeed, MGMT expression was evaluated by semiquantitative scoring in the majority of the brain tumour studies (18 out of 20) and in 18 out of 32 systemic tumour series. As shown in Additional file 3 and Additional file 4, different cut-off values were used, ranging from 5% to 80%. Statistically significant association between IHC and MSP was found in 9 out of 20 brain tumour studies, while in the group of non-brain systemic tumours this concordance between the two tests was observed in 29 of the 32 series (90.6%).
Regarding the MSP analysis, genomic DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue in 26 studies (50%), whereas in 21 cases it was isolated from fresh-frozen samples (40.3%). In five studies (9.6%) DNA was isolated from both types of specimens. Sodium bisulfite modification of isolated DNA was performed using commercially available DNA methylation kits in nearly half of them (24 out of 52) including DNA Methylation Kit (Zymo Research), Methylamp DNA Modification Kit (Epigentek Inc), CpGenome DNA Modification Kit (Intergen), and Fast DNA Modification Kit (Chemicon).
Figure Figure22 and Additional file 5 show assessment of methodological quality of included studies using the QUADAS tool. Inclusion of a representative patient spectrum and explanation of selection criteria or withdrawals did not constitute a limitation of any study. Eight studies reported the use of some modification of the original MSP as the reference test [32,64-70]. In approximately one quarter of the studies, partial verification bias was not clearly avoided as not all cases evaluated with the index test were verified using the reference test. Some authors reported that only tumour samples with an estimated tumour cell content of at least 80% were used for molecular studies [71], while in others this requirement was not clearly reported.
Immunohistochemical expression was scored semiquantitatively or qualitatively in all but six studies [1,64,69,72-74], in which interpretation of the index test was not satisfactorily explained by the authors. We did not expect any differential verification bias because all studies used the same reference test for the whole cohort of patients. In 84.6% of the studies, the authors did not unequivocally state whether assessment of the reference test was blinded for the IHC results, and in 73% of the series, no details were reported about blinding of the index test. Seventeen studies reported no details about any uninterpretable or indeterminate index test results [2,64,66,70,73-85].
Tabular results for sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratios for all studies are given in Additional file 6. At this early stage of the analysis, the pooled summary of accuracy measures was not taken into account, as significant heterogeneity was suggested when observing the forest plots and the sROC space (Figures (Figures3A3A and and3B).3B). No statistically significant difference was observed when exploring for threshold effect, either considering all studies (n = 52, Spearman correlation coefficient = -0.022; p = 0.881) or just the subgroup of studies in which semiquantitative scoring was used (n = 36, Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.037; p = 0.833). However, statistical heterogeneity was observed for sensitivity (chi-square = 234.28; df = 42 (p < 0.0001), inconsistency (I2) = 79.5%), specificity (chi-square = 300.84; df = 48 (p < 0.0001), I2 = 84%), positive LR (Cochrane-Q = 265.33; df = 48 (p < 0.0001), I2 = 81.9%), negative LR (Cochrane- Q = 201.46; df = 48 (p < 0.0001), I2 = 76.2%), and diagnostic odds ratio (Cochrane-Q = 143.88; df = 48 (p < 0.0001), I2 = 66.6%), thus suggesting other sources of heterogeneity across the studies. Accordingly, meta-regression analysis with the following covariates was performed: 1) type of tissue used for MSP, as paraffin embedded specimens may not yield enough quality DNA to successfully perform the test [86]; 2) anti-MGMT antibody used, as the best agreement between MSP and IHC results seems to be achieved when using the MT23.2 antibody [33]; and 3) type of tumour analyzed. Results suggest that the type of tumour is strongly associated with accuracy (RDOR 5.36; 95% CI[2.42-11.86], p < 0.01) (Additional file 7).
In the next step, a second meta-regression analysis was performed for the subgroup of 36 studies in which semiquantitative scoring for IHC was used, and the cut-off value was also included as covariate. Interestingly, the type of tumour (primary brain tumour vs. others) was also selected as an independent covariate of accuracy estimates beyond cut-off value, type of tissue or type of antibody used. MGMT protein expression by IHC for brain tumours is associated with a more than four-fold lower accuracy compared to other tumours (RDOR 4.38; 95% CI[1.82-10.54], p = 0.0017) (Additional file 8).
The final step of the analysis was pooling accuracy estimates in homogeneous subgroups of studies with identical type of tumour and identical cut-off value. To rule out an implicit threshold effect due to naturally occurring variations in the interpretation between observers, laboratories or devices, the Spearman rank correlation was performed, and no evidence of threshold effect within these groups was found. Overall, the summary estimates found ranged from 0.53; 95% CI[0.33-0.73] to 0.79; 95% CI[0.73-0.84] for sensitivity and from 0.60; 95%CI[0.52-0.67] to 0.93; 95%CI[0.91-0.95] for specificity (Additional file 9).
To further evaluate diagnostic accuracy for MGMT protein expression by IHC when identical scoring and cut-off values were used, we determined the Q*index. Figures Figures4A4A and and4B4B show that the Q*index was 0.64 and the area under the curve (AUC) 0.68 for brain tumour studies, while the Q*index was 0.80 and the AUC 0.87 for non-brain tumour series, indicating a statistically significant higher level of overall accuracy in systemic tumours (z-statistic 4.354, p < 0.0001). This difference remained statistically significant when we included all studies in the analysis (z-statistic 5.722, p < 0.0001).
Finally, the Egger's regression test for the detection of publication bias showed an asymmetrical distribution of the points in the funnel-plot (Intercept 1.55; 95%CI[0.61-2.49], p = 0.002) (Figure (Figure5),5), indicating a potential publication bias.
The relevance of MGMT status as a potential prognostic or predictive factor in malignant glioma patients is supported by a number of independent studies. At present, detection of MGMT promoter methylation by MSP is the most commonly used method and for this reason it is considered the reference test in the present review. However, concerning day-to-day clinical practice, MSP is not yet part of the routine diagnostic work-up while MGMT assessment at RNA or protein-level are used [22,33]. The exact incidence of promoter methylation, protein or RNA expression varies according to the assessment test and among different studies [87]. An optimal method for diagnostic purposes should be widely available, easy to establish, cost-effective, reproducible both within a given laboratory and among different laboratories, and capable of yielding results that show consistent association with patient outcome [19,33]. In this regard MSP is a highly sensitive qualitative technique, but IHC has several advantages over it [88].
Although strong agreement between MSP and IHC has been previously reported, there is growing evidence that MGMT promoter methylation assessment through MSP does not correlate well with MGMT protein expression as detected by IHC in brain tumours [25,26,31,68,89]. In addition, some studies have shown that MGMT promoter methylation and MGMT protein expression cannot be used interchangeably to predict patient survival or glioma chemosensitivity [68,90]. Results from the present meta-analysis support this evidence and suggest that cases selected by IHC may not always correspond to those selected by MSP. In fact, diagnostic accuracy estimates for MGMT protein expression by IHC were significantly lower for brain tumours than for other non-brain tumours (sensitivity, 53-64% vs. 60-81% respectively; specificity, 60-84% vs. 80-93% respectively). Similarly, positive and negative likelihood ratios did not provide convincing diagnostic accuracy for IHC in brain tumours (Additional file 9). Accordingly, the type of tumour (primary brain vs. non-brain systemic tumour) turned out to be an independent covariate of accuracy estimates in the meta-regression analysis beyond other methodological covariates such as cut-off value and type of antibody.
The reasons for these findings are not clear and different putative causes must be taken into consideration. First, there is a lack of a consistently defined cut-off value for the semiquantitative immunohistochemical scoring. Capper et al. proposed a cut-off of 15% immunolabeled cells for GBM and 35% for low grade gliomas [22], Nakasu et al. proposed a cut-off value of 10-20% [88], and Preusser et al. found the best agreement between MSP and IHC results when using a cut-off of 50% [20]. It is important to note that the cut-off value was not an independent covariate of accuracy in the present meta-regression analysis, whereas the type of tumour (primary brain vs non-brain) was independently associated with greater accuracy (Additional files 7 and 8). In addition, interobserver variability in discriminating positive and negative cells, specific immunostaining and background is another technical aspect of the IHC procedure [20]. Even when studies use the same explicit threshold, their implicit threshold may differ, especially if interpretation of the test requires pathology judgement [35]. Importantly, histological analysis of the tissue used for DNA extraction is not always performed (Additional file 3 and Additional file 4), and when the area of tumour used for MSP analysis is different from the one studied with IHC, necrosis and/or an overlarge sample of normal tissue might hamper the MSP results. Third, due to the fact that MSP relies on the different susceptibility of methylated versus unmethylated cytosines to sodium bisulfite modification and subsequent selective primers amplification, it is highly dependent on tissue quality and quantity, primer design, bisulfite treatment adequacy and PCR conditions [19]. Finally, MSP is so highly sensitive that a methylation band may be obtained even if cells that carry MGMT promoter methylation represent a small proportion among the majority of cells with unmethylated promoter [1]. Conversely, IHC may not be able to detect small clusters of cells that have lost protein expression [91].
Apart from these technical issues, there are other confounding factors that may lead to false positive methylation results. Although it has been stated that the presence of a methylated MGMT allele can only be attributed to neoplastic cells [8,10,92], some authors have demonstrated that MGMT promoter methylation may occur in non-neoplastic central nervous system tissue [3] or in normal-appearing mucosa several centimetres away from digestive tumours [56,93]. Moreover, Candiloro et al. [94] have shown low levels of methylation in peripheral blood of healthy individuals with the T allele of the rs16906252 polymorphism.
Moreover, regulation of MGMT expression in brain tumours seems to be a complex phenomenon in which abnormal methylation of the promoter region may not be the only determining factor [1,47,95-97]. Similar to genetic and chromosomal events, epigenetic changes may also be tissue- and tumour-specific [98,99]. In fact, the inconsistency between promoter methylation and protein expression assessed by IHC in gliomas is not limited to the MGMT gene, but has also been observed for other genes such as PTEN [100]. Gliomas are heterogeneous tumours and intratumoural heterogeneity of MGMT staining and methylation is a well-known event. Over time, variations in the methylation status of MGMT promoter within the same tumour have also been described, although the relevance of these events is unclear [31,89,101]. Interestingly, some factors, such as glucocorticoids, ionizing radiation and chemotherapy, can induce MGMT expression [26,102]. Thus, a further question to be addressed is whether tumour recurrences exhibit the MGMT status as the pre-treatment tumour or a different one. Unfortunately, data on this topic are limited and contradictory [103]. While some studies have demonstrated an increase in MGMT immunostaining [84] or a lower frequency of MGMT promoter methylation [87,104,105] in recurrent gliomas after chemotherapy, other authors have not observed any change [84,103,106]. Finally, both an increase and a decrease in MGMT expression have also been described for recurrent tumours [22,76,87,107-109]. A higher protein expression might indicate that the MGMT gene has been up-regulated by the treatment, although other possible explanations, such as selection of chemoresistant cells with high MGMT protein levels or intratumoral regional variations, can not be excluded [26,84,109].
Finally, methylation is not biallelic in some tumours, leaving one allele actively expressing the protein while MGMT promoter methylation may be also observed [110]. In fact, MGMT gene is located on chromosome 10q, a region lost in the vast majority of GBM, implying that even in those GBM without promoter methylation, MGMT haploinsufficiency is likely [101]. Moreover, MGMT promoter CpG islands may present a differential pattern of methylation along the region, with some CpGs being more important than others with regard to gene transcription. In this sense, it has been suggested that the region commonly investigated by MSP might not to be among those that best correlate with protein expression [90].
In an attempt to avoid some of the above mentioned problems, quantitative or semiquantitative methods such as MethylLight® quantitative MPS, pyrosequencing, COBRA, etc. [66,67,70,83,87,89,111] have been reported by different groups in recent years. Whether these methods are more appropriate than MSP remains to be demonstrated in large cohorts of patients. Quantitative methods seem to provide better discrimination than classical gel-based MSP. However, as Karayan-Tapon et al. [46] note, before these methods can be used as clinical biomarkers, validation of them is required. Whichever gene is used for normalization, no quantitative-MSP assay can give a real, absolute measurement, and this might be a restriction. Moreover, completely quantitative or semiquantitative assays that normalize to a control gene or the copy number of the unmethylated MGMT promoter sequence might underestimate MGMT methylation, because contaminating nontumoral tissue will contribute to the signal of the normalizing gene [112].
Both MGMT status at protein level and promoter methylation have been correlated with prognosis and chemosensitivity in glioma patients. As is shown in Additional file 3 and Additional file 4, the prognostic and predictive value of protein expression has been evaluated in some studies with contradictory results. Several authors have reported a significant association of MGMT expression assessed by immunohistochemistry with patients' overall or progression-free survival [22,23,31,88,113-117]. Some of them have even shown MGMT protein expression to be an independent predictor in the multivariate analysis [31,84,85,115,116,118,119], whilst others have demonstrated a lack of correlation [29,46,58,74]. However, most published data were obtained from heterogeneous groups of patients with different grades and histologies, as well as distinct treatment protocols [31]. Although differences in study design could explain, at least in part, these contradictory results, other possibilities should be considered. In this sense, while those neoplastic cells that do not express MGMT may not be able to correct DNA damage induced by chemotherapy, loss of MGMT expression can also be a negative prognostic factor because of an increased susceptibility to acquiring other mutations [120-122]. Furthermore, due to variable interobserver agreement, insufficient correlation with MGMT promoter methylation status and the lack of a firm association with patient outcome [20,29,103], MGMT IHC has not proved to be a clinically usable biomarker for routine diagnostic purposes and clinical decision-making.
Our review has several limitations. First, we excluded 17 studies because they did not provide data allowing construction of two-by-two tables, potentially resulting in less precise estimates of pooled diagnostic accuracy. Second, the statistical power of this meta-analysis was limited by the relatively small sample size of most included studies. Third, the QUADAS tool revealed that in approximately two-thirds of the studies partial verification bias was not clearly avoided, as not all cases evaluated with the index test went on to receive verification using the reference test. Another important aspect of study quality is the blinding of results of experimental and reference tests [123]. Unfortunately, in 84% of the studies, assessment of the reference test blinded for the IHC results was not explicitly stated by the authors, and in 73% of them no details were reported about blinding of the index test. Finally, publication bias was found in the present meta-analysis. Exclusion of non-English-language studies could contribute to explaining this fact, although a preference for publishing studies reporting positive results is a more plausible explanation [44].
The present systematic review and meta-analysis has shown that assessment of MGMT protein expression by IHC is not in good concordance with results obtained with the MSP test. Discordance between the two tests seems to be higher for brain tumours even when comparing subgroups with identical cut-off value. Therefore, it seems that MGMT promoter methylation does not always reflect gene expression and, accordingly, the two methods cannot be used interchangeably. We conclude that protein expression assessed by IHC alone fails to reflect the promoter methylation status of MGMT, and thus in clinical diagnostic attempts the two methods will not select the same group of patients. This fact can be of crucial importance when stratifying patients in clinical studies according to their MGMT status.
Despite all the above mentioned aspects, MSP currently remains the most established method and the best approach to assessing MGMT status. It is also the technique for which the most convincing clinical correlations have been reported and, thus, it should be considered the reference test. Unfortunately, it is a relatively complex and time-consuming method not apt for routine clinical implementation in many centres [19].
However, the analytical and clinical performance of MGMT immunoassaying seems to be inappropriate for routine diagnostic purposes. This fact, along with the lack of a robust association with MGMT promoter methylation as demonstrated in the present meta-analysis, precludes its use as a valuable biomarker for clinical decision making. It remains to be determined whether novel anti-MGMT antibodies directed against other epitopes would improve its performance [20].
Accordingly, some authors have suggested the feasibility of using MSP combined with IHC for prognostic and predictive purposes [104,116]. Immunohistochemistry may represent a useful preliminary test to identify methylated cases while MSP should be performed in non-immunoreactive cases to identify truly methylated tumours [70]. Again, this issue deserves further investigation.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
All authors have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content. MB and JI have made the design, review of the literature, and acquisition and analysis of data. They have also contributed to manuscript drafting and have approved its final version. AT has been involved in the interpretation of data, manuscript writing and critical revision, and has also approved the final version.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
Computer-aided search strategy.
QUADAS items and their interpretation [9,33,124].
Characteristics of glioma studies selected for full text review [2,18,26,29-31,46,47,58,59,68,71,76,84,85,87,89,115,116,118,119,125-127].
Additional file 1. Characteristics of non-glioma studies included in the analysis [1,32,63-67,69,70,72-75,77-83,91,95,96,128-139].
Evaluation of quality of the included studies using the QUADAS tool [1,2,29,31,32,63-85,87,89,91,93,95,96,115,116,118,119,125-133,135-139].
Tabular results of Sensitivity, Specificity, Likelihood Ratios, and Diagnostic Odds Ratio [1,2,29,31,32,63-87,89,91,95,96,115,116,118,119,125-139].
Results of meta-regression analysis for all studies.
Results of meta-regression analysis for the subgroup of studies using semiquantitative scoring for IHC assessment.
Summary of results.
We thank G. Frontera of the Investigation Unit, Son Dureta University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, for statistical advice, and Tom Yohannan for language assistance.
This study was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria 08/1085; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-RETIC RD06/0020/0097) and the Fundación Médica Mútua Madrileña, 2007.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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I was introduced to a label and collective called Lush Selects by my team, Producers United, and I was asked to make an exclusive track for them, which I agreed to. It has been a while, but I'm happy they finally released the track on the 18th of July, 2015. Here's what Lush Selects had to say:
"The fam at Producers United introduced us to the mastermind beatmaker that is D.A.H. Trump. He brings us this magical track titled 'Sunshine,' featuring the enigmatic Kya and a whole lot of vibes. It's no wonder he's also known as Soulnaut, as this track just drips with soul. Hit up the links below to follow D.A.H. Trump on anything you can to make sure you're never missing out on new stuff he releases!"
Again, I'd like to thank Lush Selects for the amazing opportunity to be featured on their networks as a "Lush Exclusive" and I appreciate the art cover they made for the tune! I wish you all the best, thanks to those who gave the track a listen, and feel free to check out the other talented artists they have on their networks!
Keep it 100.


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The lifestyle that people lead today makes for little or sometimes no activity. Thus they have to ultimately hit the gym. They spend a lot of time researching for a good gym with a good trainer. Some people also have a passion for gymming and try to spend maximum time with their gymming apparatus and their trainers. Thus it becomes all the more important for them to find the right kind of gym that would provide the required results.
How the industry has evolved: Till about 10 years ago, most gymming centres in India were basically the primitive setups that included 2 or 3 machines and an instructor. There was no guarantee that the instructor would be a certified one and thus people went to gyms at their own risk. But recently the scenario has changed a lot especially with international gymming brands establishing their muscle in not just the big cities but also the smaller towns of India. Most people who visit these gymming centers are either suffering from obesity or tummy or rising amount of fat in the body.
The Target: Most people who hit the gym include either working professionals who want to shed those extra kilos and manage work while remaining fit or the college going students who want to look good. Most people expect good facilities and good trainers in these gyms and that is what attracts them the most. Thus rather than going for the local brands, most people who can afford it, prefer the better gym brands.
The Location is Crucial: Most gyms are located either in complexes or near colleges and universities. Also the locations for most gyms are chosen in such a way so that they are convenient to reach to especially for their target population.
Membership facility: Most gyms especially the branded ones offer membership facilities these days wherein they ask for a standard payment and the members can book the number of hours based on their specific requirements. The members can pay on a monthly basis in their centres. The membership fee generally varies from Rs 1,000 to Rs 2,500.And the monthly fee starts from Rs 500/- onward. For instance, the gyms in Ludhiana offer memberships starting from Rs 800.
The Facilities: Most good gyms provide equipment ranging from health equipment like dumbbells, body toners, lifting equipment, exercise bikes, rollers, elliptical trainers, tummy trimmers and treadmills apart from a certified trainer.
The Need for better standards: An increasing demand of gyms and instructors has led to cropping up of various gymming centres and also of fitness trainers that set up their personalized gymming facilities. Thus there is now a growing demand for better and certified trainers who have optimum knowledge of not just weight reduction but who also work on overall fitness of their clients. Mostly young people visit these gyms and thus the advertising efforts of these gym owners are mostly targeted at the youth.
Thus whenever one goes for the gym, it is necessary to ensure that the gym is run with at least the minimum required standards in terms of equipment and trainers as not ensuring this can drastically affect a person's health.


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Go to your desktop and double click on the My Computer link.
Now double click on the Local Disk (C:) and follow the instructions
on previous page.
Related Information
Main Office:
Knight Campus
3rd Floor, main building
Tel: 401-825-2181
Meet the department
The CCRI Department of Marketing and Communications is the hub for all internal and external college communications. If you have news you want people to know about, let us know!
This page developed and maintained by Marketing and Communications. Send comments and suggestions to firstname.lastname@example.com .


text:
Vitamin K1 for Fitness with ISO [email protected]
Name:Vitamin K1
CAS Number:84-80-0
Molecular Weight:450.77
Assay :99%
Shipping way : DHL ,EMS,FeDex ,TNT,UPS
Payment terms : Western Union ,Money grams ,Bank transfer ,Bitcoin
Delivery time :Within 5 days to your door after we received your payment .
Packing:Foil bag or Stealth package
Ship way :DHL ,Fedex , TNT, EMS ,UPS .
Payment terms :Western Union ,Money grams , Bank transfer ,Bitcoin
Delivery time :within 5 days after we receive your payment .
1,Vitamin K plays a key role in helping the blood clot, preventing excessive bleeding.
2,Vitamin K is actually a group of compounds. The most important of these compounds appears to be vitamin K1 and vitamin K2.
Contact me if you have any questions :)
[email protected]


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Certification at the level of Executive Chef through the American Culinary Federation has been a career long goal and desire ever since I first learned about this designation. Starting in 1995 I held certification at the level of Certified Sous Chef until the year 2000. In 2000 I was certified as a Certified Chef de Cuisine. These 2 certifications were different in the respect that there was no practical exam associated with these, only written tests and documentation of work experience and education. The criteria for these designations were more stringent. For instance you had to have 2 years of documented experience at the level of Sous Chef before you were eligible to sit for the written exam. For CEC you had to have 10 years of documented work experience at that level. The practical exam adds another aspect to the process. You are judged according to a set of criteria that your peers have approved. You are required to demonstrate specific basic competencies at each level. There are many chef's in the world that do not hold certification and are chef's nonetheless. However understanding the fact that it used to be mandatory for chef's to do many years of apprenticeship under the tutelage of a chef and that the chef had complete control over the apprentice and their success or failure, long hours and complete dedication to their craft were the norm. Gives the apprenticeship programs and the certifications available through the American Culinary Federation, special significance. In the culinary world today, culinary schools abound. The chef now has rock star status, as least that's what the media would have us believe. Two years at a culinary school with minimal kitchen experience and people think they are ready to be chefs. Well there is something to be said for experience. After 6 years in the kitchen and 3 years of culinary school. I knew just enough to screw things up. It took me many years to gain the knowledge and experience the would back up the level confidence I had in my abilities. I am grateful for the proliferation of exposure that chef's receive these days. I can say though that the experience and camaraderie shared between chefs that have gone through the certification experience is a special bond. I would not trade that experience for anything.
ACF CEC Practical Exam Menu
Market Basket Items:
1 each 10 oz Salmon Filet
2 each 1.25 lb Live
Lobster Maine
2 each Whole Chickens – 2.5 – 3.5 lbs each, fabricate for menu on site
2 oz Smoked bacon
1 lb Fresh Spinach
2 heads Boston Bibb Lettuce
1 piece Belgian Endive
1 lb Whole Carrots
3 Each Russet or
2 each Globe Artichokes
2 each
Pears or Granny Smith Apples
1 Pint Grape Tomatoes
4 portions of each of the following 3 courses will be prepared and plated.
All ingredients should be utilized at least once.
First Course: Fish Course - Include both seafood items, presented as an appetizer
Second Course: Salad Course – Tossed with extra dressing on the side, as part of a 3 course meal.
Third Course: Main Course – 2 or more accompanying vegetables and starch, 6 – 7 oz of protein per dish.
The meal must include the following:
* 4 Classical Cuts – Julienne, Tournee, Brunoise, Alumette, Small Dice, Paysanne, or Batonette
*4 Different Cooking Methods – Fry, Broil, Sauté, Roast, Boil, Poach, Steam, and/or Grill
* Appropriate Vegetable and Starch Accompaniments: Additional Ingredients may be brought in - must be prepared on site during exam.
* Emulsified Vinaigrette for salad – prepared on site during exam – ingredients must be brought in.
* 2 Different Sauces – Using different methods: Roux Based, Reduction or Butter
*Sanitation Bucket with Fresh Sanitizer on station – check Chemical level
* Use proper Storage
* Bring all needed utensils, cutting boards, knives, utensils, bowls etc.
* May bring any additional supporting ingredients needed for execution.
Menu for Certified Executive Chef Practical Exam
Fish Course:
Steamed Lobster Tail and Claw, Seared and Roasted Salmon served with a Lemon Beurre Blanc and a Chiffonade Grilled Belgian Endive with Brunoise Red Bell Peppers
Salad Course:
Spinach & Boston Bibb lettuce with Small Dice Granny Smith Apples, Julienne Carrots, Rendered Bacon and Grape Tomatoes tossed with Balsamic Vinaigrette
Third Course:
Grilled Breast of Chicken with a Chicken Veloute served with Mashed Potatoes and a Sauté of Large Dice Carrots and Artichokes
Order of Preparation for CEC Practical Exam
Arrive 7am Store & Organize Ingredients
- Set Up Station - Organize all utensils needed for use – 5 Cutting boards, 2Whisks, 2 Spoons, Mixing Bowls, China, Tongs
- Need 8 - 1/9th Pans for Red Pepper, Apples, Carrots x2, Vinaigrette, and Diced Potatoes
- Place 4 App Plates and 4 Entrée Plates in Warmer, 4 Salad Plates in Cooler
- Set up Sanitizer – Test Strength
- Set up Dry Waste, Wet Waste, Receptacle
First Stage – 9am
* Steam Lobsters for 9 minutes – Shock & Cool
**Wash Chickens and Pat Dry – Place in 200 Pans
* Set up Cutting Board
* De – bone Chickens
*Separate usable Leg Quarters, Wings, and Tenderloins of chicken – Bag & Tag for later use – Date Sticker
*Prep, Bag & Tag Breast – Store for later use – Date Sticker
* Clean Lobsters Skewer Tails (any wet waste goes into wet waste receptacle) – Remove all usable meat, bag & tag shells and other meat for later use.
*Heat Stock – Reduce to concentrate flavor
Second Stage – 9:45am
* Chop Shallots – 4, Chop Garlic – 2oz
*Chop Basil
*Rough Chop Parsley and Rinse
* Brunoise Red Pepper for Appetizer Garnish (1/8 x 1/8 x 1/8) – Place in Labeled Pan
*Prep Julienne Carrots (1/8 x 1/8 x 2 ½) - Place in Labeled Pan
*Prep Large Dice Carrots (3/4 x 3/4 x 3/4) and Small Dice Granny Smith Apples (¼ x ¼ x ¼) – Place in Labeled, Bag Useable Product
* Tear Washed, Shocked and Drained Boston Bibb into bite size edible pieces – Add Spinach
* Bag and Tag all salad ingredients & leftover ingredients for later use – Date Stickers
* Make Balsamic Vinaigrette (Need Recipe) – Date Sticker
*Peel and Rough Chop Potatoes – Place on Stove to boil – Cook 20 Minutes
* Prep Artichokes Steam 4 Minutes and Shock in Ice Water, Save Artichoke Leaves - Date Stickers
* Steam Carrots – and Shock in Cold Water
Third Stage – 10:45 am
* Make Lemon Beurre Blanc - Use Lobster Shells & Tamale – Store in Hot Box– Date Sticker
* Chop & Render Bacon - Bag leftover for later use – Date Stickers
* Make Blonde Roux – Save Remainder – Date Sticker
* Prep Salmon Pieces – 4 – Bag, Tag & Store Useable product and any usable scraps for later use – Date Stickers
* Make Mash Potatoes – Use Mixer - Need Plastic Bag – Store in Hot Box
* Make Chicken Veloute – Combine Stock correctly in a bowl and add liaison – Seafood Seasoning, Salt, Parsley and Basil
Fourth Stage – 11:30am
* Season and Grill Chicken – Finish in Oven – Hold in Hot box
* Clean, Grill (Seasoned with Olive Oil S&P) and Chiffonade Belgian Endive – Toss with Salt & Pepper, Olive Oil and Parsley
* Finish Lobster
* Season, Sear and Roast Salmon Pieces while Chicken is on Grill
*** 15 Minute Service Window***
* Plate Appetizer on Hot Plate – Grilled Endive Salad, Salmon, Lobster Tail and Claw, Drizzle with Lemon Butter and garnish with Brunoise Red bell Pepper
* Plate Salad on Cold Plate – Toss with Vinaigrette, Small Dice Apples, Julienne Carrots, Bacon, and Grape Tomatoes – Serve a side of Dressing for each salad
* Plate Entrée on Hot Plate – Piped Mashed Potatoes, Sliced Breast of Chicken nap with Veloute', Sauté and Carrots and Artichoke in Bacon Fat season with Salt & Pepper with Chopped Parsley and garnish Chicken with Chopped Parsley
Present all Items in the 15 minute service window – Clean up and prepare to exit Kitchen


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When a lot of people think about refinancing, the very first matter that frequently comes to your mind is property refinancing. What they don't know, however, is this: auto loans may be refinanced as well. In fact, an auto refinances mortgage is among the easiest techniques through which you are able to decrease your monthly bills. In the event the concept seems tempting enough to think about, here are a few things you need to be aware of before doing so.
Auto refinances loans function just like property refinance loans. You pay down your existing auto loans having a refinance mortgage from some other lender who can provide you a reduced monthly interest rate. When refinancing loans for automobiles, a lot of people find that they are in a position to conserve cash on interest rates, which in return lowers their monthly mortgage payment. Reducing your monthly payment can help you pay off your car mortgage faster than you actually thought feasible.
An additional aspect where a mortgage like this can help you is once you have poor credit. Credit score issues certainly are a typical problem in today's society, with many people stuck with unpaid credit card debt. It's a truth of life that we all have to think about. You'll find wants to be satisfied and conditions frequently drive us to decisions that result in negative outcomes. Even with less than perfect credit scores, individuals nonetheless need auto loans.
In the event you find out that you diligently have already been making your monthly payments in a timely manner and your credit score gets better, you may wish to think about auto refinance. A much better credit score indicates a decrease interest rate available for you. You can put the extra cash that you keep in the direction of other credit card debt, that will enable you to further boost your credit score.
As a final observation to remember, keep in mind that auto refinance requires no appraisal. The thing that stops individuals from proceeding to get a mortgage, for example, this can be that they worry becoming subjected to one. This isn't the situation simply because with refinanced auto loans, the mortgage value you receive is based on how much is needed to pay off your existing mortgage. The worth of the vehicle alone isn't what's in question. If you want to get a mortgage such as this, make sure you keep in mind the following.
If your credit is in poor form, appear for any lender that works best with specific financial troubles. Next, make sure the lender you choose is a respected one. You can confirm this by checking their BBB (Better Business Bureau) rating on their website. Lastly, a lender that will provide you same day approval ought to usually be taken into consideration. Heading with one that offers this may save you plenty of time and cash. Keep in mind, the faster you have your mortgage refinanced, the much better your financial outlook will likely be. Having a mortgage such as this, you'll be zooming your way to a debt-free life right away!


text: PETS ON THE MENU - A MONKEY FEAST The Crypt PETS ON THE MENU is a controversial new cooking and lifestyle show hosted by... more »PETS ON THE MENU is a controversial new cooking and lifestyle show hosted by notoriously eccentric chef PUCINE DEETS. This clip features Deets, her sexy assistant Sassy, her henchman Lonny and guest chef Nicky feasting on monkey recipes. « less potm April 19, 2007 3.4k Views More Info Full Credits potm Uploader Stats & Data 59Funny271Die 3,391 Views April 19, 2007 Published Tags On The Menu lifestyle show PETS monkey cooking cusine dining outrageous lunatic feast eating Dinner Party Up Next: MONKEY IN YOUR MOUTH AUTOPLAY Up Next In: 10 MONKEY IN YOUR MOUTH PETS ON THE MENU - MONKEY BARS DESSERT COOKING DOGGY STYLE COOKING DOGGY STYLE - FIND A DOG TO EAT Follow Browse Related Comments 5+ more View All ▶ potm Vaguely Related Videos Vaguely Related Pics & Words Advertisement Tags: On The Menu lifestyle show PETS monkey cooking Advertisement


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EPA fuel economy ratings for the 2013 Toyota Corolla are just typical for the class, if you compare it to other compact sedans. In fact, its highway rating, of 34 mpg with either transmission, is a bit lower than the current class average. And this all comes as a little surprising, especially if you're acquainted with the brand's very fuel-stingy lineup of Prius hybrids, which range up to 50 mpg Combined.
Whether it has a manual or automatic transmission, the Corolla gets 34 mpg highway, according to the EPA, with city ratings of 26 or 27 mpg. But in this era of targeting 40 mpg on the highway, the Corolla lags most rivals.
Standing apart from the Toyota's super-frugal hybrids like the Prius, the 2013 Corolla is merely average for fuel-efficiency in the crowded class of compact sedans.


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For the first time in the Premier League this season, Louis van Gaal decided to omit Memphis Depay from his starting line-up. After his poor showing against fellow title-hopefuls, Arsenal a fortnight ago, and with being in the Netherlands team who fell at the first hurdle of the European Championship tournament, Depay was sentenced to sit on the bench for United's 3-0 win against Everton at Goodison Park.
A reshuffle of the strike force all that was required to replace Depay in the team, with Ander Herrera coming into CAM, Rooney playing up top, and impressive youngster Anthony Martial moving out to the left wing where he is impressed for France in mid-week. This attack seemed to work very well for United, with Mata and Herrera yet again showing their telekinesis-like teamwork to aid their team in the first two goals, with Herrera himself grabbing the Red Devils' second goal of the afternoon.
On a day where Ashley Young had been ruled out with a knee injury, it seemed as though this was the match in which Depay could have played safely in the knowledge that he was the only left winger in the team. This could have been the game where he showed his true worth, having been rather lacklustre in the Premier League since moving from PSV Eindhoven this Summer for a reported fee of £19million. But it was not to be. Clearly LvG has been impressed by Martial's form for both club and country, and after winning the Man of the Match award for France in midweek after playing on the left, who can blame him? If a player is not playing well for the 'Iron Tulip', they usually get dropped from the side, with the exception of captain Wayne Rooney (who has had a well below-par season so far), and Depay, who many expected to hit the ground running, has only scored 1 league goal this season, therefore his place in the side was never guaranteed.
Hopefully, the omission from the side will be the kick up the backside which Depay truly needs in order to get his Manchester United career started. After leaving 'luxury player' Juan Mata on the bench for a significant amount of time last season, Louis van Gaal is reaping the benefits this season, with the Spaniard scoring 3 and assisting 3 in 9 matches, as well as winning United's player of the month for September. But will this tough-love method work for Depay? With no other uninjured, recognised left-winger in the United first team, Memphis could not be blamed for taking offence to the exclusion, although one does not expect him to, as surely he knows he is not playing to the best of his ability, scoring 22 league goals in 30 games for PSV last season.
One could argue that perhaps Van Gaal is resting his Dutch compatriot for United's trip to Moscow in midweek for their Champions League clash with CSKA Moscow; afterall, Depay is shining in Europe, with 3 goals and 2 assists in 4 games. With Manchester City next weekend, United want all their players fully fit and in top-form, therefore it could be said that LvG was merely rotating his squad to allow all of his players minutes in order to get match fit; and with a potential confidence-booster for Depay on Wednesday, there was no real need for him to play today.


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Many of us are quite proud of our outdoor environment and we may spend a considerable amount of time in the outdoors swimming with the children in our backyard. Although this area tends to be rather peaceful and serene and it certainly gives us the opportunity to relax, we also need to be conscious of the possibility that accidents could happen. Unfortunately, accidents around the pool in Frisco or Mckinney are rather commonplace but by taking a few simple measures, you can reduce the possibility of accidents and limit the pain that it would cause if something were to happen.
One of the issues that may be associated with swimming pool safety is simply allowing access to the pool, something that can be easily resolved. In McKinney, Allen, Frisco and other areas of the Dallas Metroplex, there are regulations that govern the need to have fencing or some other type of protection that would keep access to your pool limited. At Medallion Pools, we understand the need to keep the area safe, and if you have a pool built by us, you can work along with one of our contractors to ensure that it is as secure as possible. You can sleep well knowing that it is not going to be a problem.
Another issue that needs to be considered is the possibility of suction entrapment. This is an issue that may take place when an individual is trapped because they are caught in one of the suction ports in the pool. This can also be a serious and perhaps even deadly problem, but it is one that can be overcome with the right type of technology. At Medallion Pools, we always ensure that you are safe that we offer you the options that are available to keep a problem with suction entrapment at a minimum. Often, it is just a matter of choosing the right type of equipment to avoid these types of problems.
These safety measures are available when a family decides to have a pool installed in their backyard but even if you already have a pool, we can assist you in making sure that it is as safe as possible. Simply give us a call and we can talk to you about redesigning the pool or at the very least, updating it so that the safety is where it needs to be. There is no need for you to be concerned over these issues, we can help. Even moore information on the Medallion.
We not only offer the ability to design your pool safely and beautifully, we offer a wide range of services to our customers. Those services include the pool remodeling and various types of outdoor living upgrades, such as outdoors patios and paving. We also offer fireplace and fire pit design so that your outdoor living environment is not only up-to-date, it is enjoyable for those days outdoors with your families and friends. Contact us today and we will talk to you about what we can do to ensure that your outdoor living experiences the best possible.


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Real Estate Law
Have Real Estate Law Questions? Ask a Real Estate Lawyer.
Good afternoon. I am Loren, a licensed attorney, and I look forward to assisting you.
Did the seller warrant in writing that you could add the room after closing? Was the sale conditional on the ability to add the 4 season room?


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Designer: Ryszard Kiwerski
Genre: TBC
Origin of poster: Polish
Year: 1972
Size: 835x570mm
Condition: C6 Very good.
Please refer to Poster Grading page for more information.
Additional notes: Few small edge tears (less than 15mm). 3 stickers and writing on back. 1 horizontal & 1 vertical fold. Minor soiling. Minor creasing.
Please note: Magnets are visible in the corners of each displayed photo these are used to hold the poster in position while being photographed. Each photo has been watermarked with www.eyeseaposters.com.


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WILK CLINCHES COUNTDOWN SPOT ON LESS-THAN-PERFECT LAP Tim Wilkerson punched his playoff ticket by making his first qualifying lap in Reading, by earning the 10 points that come with an official lap in competition. That was the good news.
Tim Wilkerson punched his playoff ticket by making his first qualifying lap in Reading, by earning the 10 points that come with an official lap in competition. That was the good news. Unfortunately, he would've liked to have made a bigger splash in the Funny Car pool (no pun intended, after a rainy day in Reading) but his car bent an exhaust valve and he had to abort his run. His 6.886 was the 15th quickest time of the day. Normally, since only the top 12 times are recorded on Friday, such a run would simply place him in the group of "also ran" drivers with no official time, but a dodgy weather forecast for Saturday may possibly create a scenario in which his lone Friday run could be used for placement in the field.
"It must've bent the valve and hung it open on the burnout, because it was a dead cylinder at the hit," Wilkerson said. "As soon as I stepped on it, it was obvious something was wrong, and I first assumed we'd just dropped a hole over on that side. When it didn't get any better, I didn't have much choice but to shut it off. We all knew, going up there, that after a long day of rain and with a bad forecast for tomorrow there was no telling how many sessions we'd get to run here, so you saw an awful lot of Funny Car drivers pedaling out of bad laps. Normally, in the first session of the weekend, if it's doing anything bad you'd just lift and come back for the next one. It didn't feel right to me, though, so I had to lift and just give it up, and that's too bad. Even pedaling it once with a healthy motor would've moved us up a few spots.
"We'll see what Mother Nature throws at us tomorrow and go from there. She wasn't too kind to us today, that's for sure, but she seems to always have a problem with us when we come to Maple Grove. I don't know how we made her mad, but she gets back at us every time we come here."
-credit: twr


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Loxley on Bellbird Hill
1 rating
Hotels - Kurrajong Hills, NSW
Loxley on Bellbird Hill located in Kurrajong Hills, is Hawkesbury Regions finest and most elegant romantic escape that features weddings, conferences, accommodation, private dining and much more.
Loxley on Bellbird Hill has been operating since 2000, specialising in weddings, conferences, accommodation and private dining. Located in Kurrajong Hills, the original structures were first constructed in 1859 and has since developed into the picturesque 30-acre estate that stands today.
Located only 1 hour's drive from Sydney's CBD, 40 minutes from Parramatta, 30 minutes from Castle Hill, 20 minutes from Penrith. Loxley is the Hawkesbury Region's finest and most elegant romantic escape.
Loxley on Bellbird Hill offers first class weddings and special events packages and tailor-made conferences with optional extras being made available including accommodation, garden ceremonies, tours, in-house massage, conference facilities with team building activities, such as murder mystery nights and organised tours & activities.
If you're looking for quality accommodation in Kurrajong Hills, please don't hesitate to call or visit Loxley on Bellbird Hill today for bookings, room reservations and any enquiries.