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Joint Submission by Member Groups of the International Tibet Network to Session 17 of Universal Periodic Review
People's Republic of China
March 2013
Preparation and co-authoring of this report has been coordinated by International Tibet Network, a coalition of 185 Member Groups from over 50 countries. Lead Authors are Tibet Justice Centre, Canada Tibet Committee, Students for a Free Tibet, International Tibet Network Secretariat, with the support of Australia Tibet Council.
International Tibet Network Registered Address: 1310 Fillmore Street #401, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA W: www.tibetnetwork.org
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
For a list of all supporting Member Groups see www.tibetnetwork.org/MemberGroupsUPR
Table of contents
A. Executive summary ......................................................................................................... 3 B. Developments since the previous review in context of China's international commitments ....................................................................................................................... 4 Protecting Tibetans as an ethnic minority group: ........................................................................................... 4 Continuing violations: ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Areas of concern 2009 – 2012: ...................................................................................................................... 4 i. Freedom of movement ............................................................................................................................ 4 ii. Independence of the judiciary and lack of due process.......................................................................... 5 iii. Increased use of patriotic re-education .................................................................................................. 5
C. Promotion and protection of human rights on the ground................................................ 5 i. Immolations and exacerbating features of China's restrictions on Civil and Political Rights: ................. 5 ii. Freedom of Assembly and Association, with emphasis on disproportionate use of force, including lethal force, in response to mass gatherings: ............................................................................................. 7 iii. Contraventions of the Right to Freedom of Expression ......................................................................... 8 iv. Limitations on the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights; Emphasis on the Right to Adequate Food including access to land ................................................................................................... 9
D. Recommendations for action by the People's Republic of China .................................. 11
A. Executive summary This report, authored by a coalition of Tibet-related NGOs who are Member Groups of the International Tibet Network, addresses issues of concern in the context of China's forthcoming Universal Periodic Review that are specific to the human rights of the Tibetan people. Our references to Tibet encompass the Tibet Autonomous Region and Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures under the Provinces of Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu 1 and Yunnan . In this submission we provide information under sections B, C and D as stipulated in the General Guidelines for the Preparation of Information under the UPR: In Section B we outline a number of deteriorations in human rights in Tibet since China's first cycle UPR, which can be seen as an escalation of the major crackdown of 2008. New areas of concern include freedom of movement, independence of the judiciary and lack of due process, and increased use of 'patriotic re-education'. In Section C we raise specific concerns in relation to the Tibetan self-immolation protests and exacerbating features of China's response, freedom of assembly and association (with emphasis on disproportionate use of force in response to mass gatherings, contraventions of the right to freedom of expression and limitations on the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights (with emphasis on the right to adequate food including access to land) In Section D we make a number of recommendations for action by China. China's policies in Tibet, over the last 60 years have failed to protect the fundamental human rights of the Tibetan people, and are thereby undermining the Human Rights Council on which China sat during the reporting period. Rather than "[m]ake more widely available to the world its experience in combining a strong 2 state with ethnic regional autonomy" , China must accept that new, constructive strategies need to be adopted in Tibet which have at their heart the human rights of the Tibetan people. China must implement immediate changes and work to make concrete positive progress in Tibet's human rights situation, in line with its stated commitments as well as rejected recommendations from its first cycle UPR. Due to internet censorship, surveillance, and restrictions on media freedoms, timely information about the situation in Tibet is extremely difficult to obtain. However, this report is based on credible and reliable information obtained by research-based human rights monitoring organisations, including authors of this submission.
Tibet is comprised of the three provinces of Amdo, Kham, and U-Tsang. Amdo is now split by China to form parts of the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan. Kham is largely incorporated in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Qinghai, and UTsang, together with western Kham, is today referred to by China as the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). 2 Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review for China, 2009; 114.38, Sri Lanka
B. Developments since the previous review in context of China's international commitments 1.
Since 2009, the human rights situation in Tibet has significantly deteriorated as a direct result of: a) China's failure to implement provisions to protect Tibetans' human rights, including recommendations committed to during the China's first cycle UPR, and b) Specific policies enacted within Tibet by the Chinese authorities.
Protecting Tibetans as an ethnic minority group: 2. During its first cycle UPR, China stated that it was already working on protecting ethnic minorities' 3 "religious, civil, socio-economic and political rights" and on "allowing ethnic minorities…to preserve their 4 cultural identity" . China committed to seven recommendations related to improving Tibetans' access to 5 human rights, as a minority group within China . At the 13th session of the Human Rights Council in 2010, 6 the Chinese government claimed to have advanced human rights protections for ethnic minorities . Yet, since its first cycle UPR, China has increased its application of strategic, systematic policies in Tibet that violate the Tibetan people's fundamental human rights. 3. In 2008, Ms Navanethem Pillay, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, stated that the 7 underlying causes of protests in Tibet "include discrimination and the failure to protect minority rights" . China has done nothing to address these root causes and, since 2009, more than 100 Tibetans have set themselves on fire to protest China's repressive policies (see C i).
Continuing violations: 4. Since 2009 Tibetans have continued to face severe restrictions on their rights to free expression, association and assembly, with consequent human rights violations by the Chinese State including disappearances, torture, and false convictions, with Tibetans – suspected of being associated with protests or self-immolations – being targeted in crackdowns (see C ii). 5. China has engaged in a systematic attempt to block the flow of news coming out of Tibet. Tibetans who 8 communicate between themselves and exile communities, or attempt to do so, face significant dangers . Tibetans continue to face social and institutional discrimination, including inequalities in access to education, employment and healthcare. China's public portrayal of expressions of the Tibetan identity as 'threatening' to China's security infringes on the cultural, social and religious rights of the Tibetans, compounding their disenfranchisement.
Areas of concern 2009 – 2012: i. Freedom of movement 6. In response to its first cycle UPR, China rejected two recommendations related to freedom of 9 movement . Since 2009 Tibetans' freedom of movement has been even more severely curtailed. Since
Ibid; 115.3, Australia Ibid; 115.3, Austria Ibid; 114.16, New Zealand; 114.22, Angola; 114.3, Nicaragua; 114.20, South Africa; 114.24, Jordan; 114:26, Russian Federation; 114:37, Japan 6 Human Rights Watch (HRW), January 2011; 'Promised Unfulfilled': An Assessment of China's National Human Rights Action Plan, p58 7 Ibid; p48 8 HRW, July 2012; 'I Saw It With My Own Eyes; Abuses by Chinese Security Forces in Tibet, 2008-2010, p29 9 Ibid [2]; 117.31.(d), Switzerland; 117.82 (f), Czech Republic 4 5
1 March 2012, the Chinese authorities have required any ordinary citizen seeking to enter the Tibetan 10 Autonomous Region to show four different identity cards . Border security has also been increased to prevent Tibetans seeking refuge in a safe country by transiting through Nepal, causing a significant decline in refugee numbers. Large numbers of Tibetans who attended Kalachakra teachings in India in 2012 subsequently had their passports withdrawn, despite having been given permission to travel. Evidence suggests that new rules have been introduced which require any Tibetan, before getting a new passport, to 11 make a written declaration not to do anything while abroad that might threaten China's national security . A further major concern relating to freedom of movement is the acceleration of China's stated intent to permanently "to end the nomadic life by the end of the century" (see C iv).
ii. Independence of the judiciary and lack of due process 7. China further rejected a recommendation to "ensure the independence of the judiciary and lawyers", but 12 since 2009, controls on lawyers across China have been further tightened . After the widespread protests across Tibet in 2008, "thousands of protesters and ordinary Tibetans were arrested and detained regardless of legal procedures … where a politicized judiciary controlled by party authorities, conducted proceedings in 13 which defendants had virtually no due process" . In one example, the 2010 case of Karma Samdrup, a prominent Tibetan businessman, environmentalist and philanthropist, was "rife with violations of due 14 process", with his lawyer reporting that the trial "ignored the facts" and "trampled on the legal system" .
iii. Increased use of patriotic re-education 8. Since China's first cycle UPR, the Chinese authorities have intensified measures to increase their control in Tibet by restricting religious freedom and the right to freedom of expression. Work teams, including armed police, soldiers and Chinese officials, have been stationed inside monasteries to monitor and "reeducate" monks and nuns. In April 2011, Kirti Monastery, Ngaba (Ch: Aba Town, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province) became a major focus of the campaign with armed police, soldiers and Chinese officials stationed inside the building to ensure "All monks at the Kirti Monastery are learning the basics of the Chinese Constitution, Criminal Law and regulations on religious affairs, in line with 15 a local government circular issued on April 22" . Furthermore, in January 2012 China arbitrarily detained 16 and 're-educated' hundreds of Tibetan pilgrims in the vicinity of Lhasa , on their return from religious teachings in India. Human Rights Watch said this was the first known instance since the late 1970s in which the Chinese authorities have detained laypeople in Tibet in large numbers to force them to undergo re17 education .
C. Promotion and protection of human rights on the ground i. Immolations and exacerbating features of China's restrictions on Civil and Political Rights: 9. On 3 February 2013, Drugpa Khar, a father of three, became the 100th Tibetan to set his body alight to protest China's repressive policies in Tibet. As of 4 March 2013, a staggering 107 self-immolation protests by 18 Tibetans have been confirmed . Tibetans who have resorted to this extreme form of political action to
International Campaign for Tibet (ICT); Storm in the Grasslands, 2012, p58 Professor Robert Barnett, Director of Tibet Studies Institute, Columbia University; The Atlantic, 'China to Tibetans: Stay Put' 12 Ibid [8] 13 HRW, 16 February 2012, China: End Crackdown on Tibetans Who Visited India 14 ICT, August 2010; 'A sharp knife above his head': the trials and sentencing of three environmentalist brothers in Tibet 15 ICT, May 2011; Ngaba students protest crackdown, authorities respond; new information on deaths of Tibetans who tried to protect monks 16 ICT February, 2012, 'Lockdown in Lhasa at Tibetan New Year; unprecedented detentions of hundreds of Tibetans after Dalai Lama teaching in exile' 17 [17] Ibid [13] 18 ICT; Self-Immolations Inside Tibet Fact Sheet 11
protest their fundamental lack of human rights represent a wide cross section of Tibetan society: highly revered Buddhist teachers, monks, nuns, nomads, students and teenagers, farmers, mothers and fathers. As evident from the last words of the self-immolators and eyewitness reports, the overarching demands from the 19 individuals who have self-immolated are freedom and the return of the Dalai Lama to Tibet . 10. The Chinese government's response to the self-immolations has resulted in further human rights violations which, instead of addressing Tibetans' legitimate grievances through legal redress or policy reviews, have exacerbated the already tense situation. Examples are the heavy deployment of police and armed forces, the disproportionate use of force in the suppression of peaceful protests including opening fire on Tibetan protesters, the barring of Tibetans from attending funerals of the self-immolators, increased use of patriotic re-education, and launching a widespread campaign to criminalize the self-immolations and blame the Dalai Lama for the crisis. 11. In February 2009, People's Armed Police (PAP) forces shot Tapey, a young monk and first documented 20 self-immolator in Tibet, in Ngaba Town . In March 2011, Phuntsog, also a young monk and the second documented self-immolator in Tibet, was kicked and beaten by Chinese security personnel whilst he was still 21 on fire, also in Ngaba . In other instances, armed police have beaten Tibetan self-immolators with iron rods 22 and spiked batons and according to the Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy (TCHRD), at 23 least one survivor of a self-immolation attempt was denied medical treatment while in police custody . 12. Extreme and indiscriminate violence has also been seen to be used against Tibetans attempting to stop Chinese security personnel attacking self-immolation protesters, and in response to protests linked to selfimmolations. For example on 27 January 2012, armed police forces killed Ogyen, a Tibetan student, after 24 opening fire on a peaceful demonstration in Dzamthang county (Ch: Rangtang county), Ngaba (see also C iii). 13. An aggressive drive by the Chinese state to criminalize the self-immolations has recently been launched. In December 2012, the Malho (Ch: Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture) People's Intermediate Court and the Public Security Bureau offered cash rewards of up to 50,000 Yuan (€ 6,150) for 25 any information regarding the self-immolations . On 31 January 2013, a Chinese court sentenced Lobsang Kunchok, a monk from Ngaba, to death with a two-year reprieve for "intentional homicide" for allegedly 26 "inciting" or "coercing" Tibetans to self-immolate . His nephew Lobsang Tsering was sentenced to 10 years in prison on similar charges (see C, ii). Human Rights Watch described such prosecutions as "utterly without credibility" on the grounds of documented endemic use of torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, 27 and coercion of Tibetans in detention . This coalition shares these serious concerns about the prevalence of torture in Tibet, especially in connection to "confessions" made by those detained following self-immolations. 14. Furthermore, as part of a widespread misinformation and propaganda campaign about the selfimmolations, China's state-run media has branded the self-immolators "criminals", "low-lives" and "religious fanatics". On 24 November 2011, Xinhua published an article blaming monks at Kirti monastery in Ngaba for 28 masterminding the self-immolations and for spreading news about the self-immolations online . In a Global Times article published on 5 November 2011, the Dalai Lama was blamed for inciting and encouraging the
Tsering Woeser, Last Words of 19 Tibetans Who Committed Self-immolation published in English by Global Voices, 23 November 2012; Original Chinese version 20 ICT, February 2009; Monk in Tibet sets himself on fire; shot by police during protest 21 ICT, March 2011; Monk immolates himself; major protests at Tibetan monastery violently suppressed 22 Free Tibet, 27 February 2009; Tibetan monk shot by Chinese police after setting himself alight in tense Ngaba 23 Tibetan Centre for Human Rights & Democracy (TCHRD), 28 November 2012; Tibetan dies of untreated burns in police custody in Nagchu 24 ICT, 27 January 2012; Tibetan student killed, several injured, after police open fire in Ngaba; news of two more prayer vigils for New Year 25 ICT, 24 October 2012; Chinese authorities offer large rewards for information on 'black hand' behind Tibetan self-immolations 26 ICT, 21 January 2013; Distress at death sentence for Tibetan accused of 'inciting 'self-immolation' 27 HRW, 1 February 2013; China: Stop Sentencing Tibetans for "inciting" Immolations 28 Xinhua, 24 November 2012; Renowned Tibetologist condemns self-immolations
self-immolations . Xinhua published a further article on 8 January 2012, claiming those who had selfimmolated had done so for reasons of involvement in "wrongdoings such as whoring, gambling and burglary, 30 or deep in debt because of gambling" .
ii. Freedom of Assembly and Association, with emphasis on disproportionate use of force, including lethal force, in response to mass gatherings: 15. China's controls on the right of assembly, in the stated interest of "social stability" may include the use of excessive force including lethal force. It should be noted that Article 4 of China's Constitution, which purports to protect China's ethnic minorities, prohibits "any act which undermines the unity of the nationalities or 31 instigates division"; this effectively prohibits all acts of protest by Tibetans on the grounds of ethnicity . Furthermore, arbitrary application of China's State Security Laws criminalizes simple acts of freedom of expression, such as displaying support for the Dalai Lama or photographs of self-immolators as "organizing, 32 scheming and carrying out activities to split the nation and sabotage national unity" . 16. This section gives a number of examples of gatherings and protests that took place in 2012 in Tibetan areas under the jurisdiction of two different Provinces – Sichuan and Qinghai – where China's denial of the right to freedom of assembly and use of disproportionate, including lethal force, led to violations of the right to life, liberty and security of the person. Further examples of protests across Tibet between January 2011 33 and February 2013 can be found in International Tibet Network's Resistance in Tibet Report
Sichuan: 17. On 14 January 2012 in Ngaba Town, 22 year-old Lobsang Jamyang self-immolated and later died. Local eyewitnesses reported to Kirti monks in exile in Dharamsala that while Chinese Police extinguished the flames they violently beat Lobsang and attempted to remove his body. Video footage of the incident was 34 later sent to exile sources . Kanyag Tsering and Lobsang Yeshe, the Kirti monks in exile, said, "Unable to bear this sight [of Jamyang being beaten by police] local Tibetans on the scene stood up to the armed security personnel without regard for their own lives, and shouting that the body should be handed over to them, tried their best to block their path as they tried to take him away". Eyewitnesses described how police used disproportionate force, including beatings, tear gas and opening fire on the crowd. A number of Tibetans were injured, some severely, including a woman who was blinded and a man who sustained a severe injury to his neck from a metal prod used by police. Lobsang Jamyang, a former monk, was a leading member of a popular association for the promotion of the Tibetan language in his village, as a result of which 35 he had been harassed by local government authorities . 18. On 23 January 2012 in Drango County, Kardze (Ch: Luhuo County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture), 36 Tibetans sustained gunshot wounds in what is the largest reported shooting of Tibetans since 2008. Two died from their wounds. The NGO Tibet Watch has photographic evidence of individuals with 36 bullet wounds in Drango, including one with a bullet wound to the head . To date at least five Tibetans have 37 been sentenced to varying terms of six to seven years in connection with the 23 January protest in Drango . 19. On 24 January 2012 in Serthar County, Kardze (Ch: Seda, Ganzi), two Tibetan men died after security forces opened fire on a protest of over 300 Tibetans, who were shouting slogans calling for the return of the Dalai Lama and Tibetan freedom. TCHRD received eye-witness reports that Chinese security forces arrived on the scene and started beating and kicking the protesters, following which they began firing indiscriminately on the unarmed protesters. TCHRD reported that Dawa Dakpa, 33, from Serwa village and
Duo, Yi, Global Times, 5 November 2011; Self-burnings Drama Shows Dalai Lama's Desperation Xinhua, 8 January 2013; 2 former monks set themselves on fire in Sichuan Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Article 4 32 State Security Law of the People's Republic of China 33 International Tibet Network; Resistance in Tibet: Self-immolations & Protest 34 ICT, 17 April 2012; Vivid new footage shows young Tibetan being beaten by police while on fire 35 ICT, 18 January 2012; New information on latest self-immolation, Tibetans critically injured by police 36 TCHRD, 16 August 2012; Tibetan sentenced to four years, another to two years 37 Free Tibet, 23 January 2012; Tibetan killed as Chinese fire upon protesters 30 31
an unidentified Tibetan from Hoen-Dza-Wo village were shot dead by Chinese security forces. Eyewitnesses 38 reported that ten Tibetans were seriously injured and some 40 others were detained . 20. In 2012, the Chinese government shuttered some locally-founded Tibetan social, educational and environmental organisations labeling them 'illegal'. In April 2012, the local government in Kardze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture passed a public notice requiring all social organisations to register with Civil Affairs Bureau or risk being termed 'illegal' and closed. Registration for NGOs remained arbitrary, bureaucratic and 39 politically-influenced in Tibet .
Qinghai: 21. On 26 November 2012, at least 1,000 Tibetan students from Sorig Lobling school staged a peaceful protest in Chabcha Town, Tsolho (Ch: Gonghe Town, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture). Gathering early in the morning the students called for Tibetan language freedom, and the "establishment of a new government". After a number of hours Chinese security forces arrived to stop the demonstration by carrying out indiscriminate beatings, injuring up to 20 students, some of whom were hospitalized. A further eight students were detained. Armed police and military forces then surrounded the school, making it impossible for parents to establish whether their children were safe. Radio Free Asia reported that another large protest occurred two days later, on 28 November, citing local sources, when students peacefully demonstrated in front of government offices in Chabcha, calling for freedom and the right to be educated in the Tibetan language. Security forces again used tear gas and beat students, detaining five, according to RFA. A Tibetan source in exile told the International Campaign for Tibet (ICT) that three monks, Sungrab Gyatso, Sangdrag and Yeshi Sangpo were detained in early December, accused of spreading information and possibly 40 disseminating photographs of the Chabcha protests. Their current whereabouts are unknown . 22. This protest was prompted by a local political education campaign, that included the distribution among students in November of a prefectural government booklet. Parts of the booklet have been obtained and translated by TCHRD, and contain chapters on self-immolation, bilingual education and 'illegal' assembly, 41 procession and demonstrations, as well as derogatory language about the Dalai Lama .
iii. Contraventions of the Right to Freedom of Expression 42
23. China signed the International Covenant on the Civil Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1998, however they 43 have still failed to ratify the Covenant despite expressing intent on a number of occasions . In the 2009 –10 44 National Human Rights Plan Chinese officials declared that the ICCPR constituted one of the fundamental principles on which China's plan was based. During China's first cycle UPR, China claimed that "no individual or press had been penalised for voicing their opinions or views" and that China's laws provide "complete guarantees" on freedom of expression. However such guarantees are made void by China's broad legal provisions regarding the disclosure of 'state secrets' and incitement of 'subversion', as well as further 45 systems of censorship, media control and regulation of telecommunications . 24. The self-immolation protests in Tibet (see C i) are driven by the overwhelming lack of recourse to freedom of expression, political or legal redress and must be seen as conclusive evidence of China's failure to "continue its efforts to further ensure ethnic minorities the full range of human rights including cultural rights", as accepted in 2009.
TCHRD, 6 November 2012; Five 'disappeared' Tibetans sentenced to varying prison terms TCHRD, 25 January 2012; Indiscriminate Firing Kills 2 Tibetans, Maims 10 in Serta County ICT, 19 December 2012; Tibetan student detentions after protests in Chabcha, Rebkong 41 TCHRD, 29 November 2012; China alienates, angers Tibetan students with political education 42 International Covenant on the Civil Political Rights (ICCPR) 43 United States Congressional-Executive Commission on China 2009 Annual Report 44 State Council Information Office, National Human Rights Action Plan of China (2009 - 2010) 45 Joshua Rosenzweig, Senior Manager, Research & Hong Kong Operations, The Dui Hua Foundation; Testimony to the CongressionalExecutive Commission on China for the hearing 39 40
25. Tibetans suspected of being critical of political, religious, cultural, or economic state policies are 46 systematically targeted on charges of "separatism" . For example, on 18 June 2012, a Sichuan provincial court sentenced senior Tibetan cleric, Yonten Gyatso, to seven years in prison, accused of disseminating 47 information about the situation in Tibet including contacting human rights organisations overseas . (see C i & iii.) 26. State officials systematically exploit legal tools to punish citizens who peacefully express political 48 opposition or advocacy for human rights. Despite constitutional guarantees for freedom of expression there continues to be increasing internet censorship, surveillance, and restrictions on media freedoms. Reporters Without Borders recently expressed alarm at the continuing media blackout in Tibet, noting "not only are foreign media organisations prevented from covering these events, but the authorities have also organized a veritable disinformation campaign, using pro-government media such as the Global Times, which play down 49 the disturbances and accuse the international community of interfering" . In addition to restricting the flow of information from Tibet to the outside world, China recently stepped up control of the flow of information into Tibet. Tightened restrictions on the use of communication tools including internet and telephones were added to new measures described by TAR Party Secretary Chen Quanguo as necessary "to ensure the 50 absolute security of Tibet's ideological and cultural realm" . Further restrictions on the publication of literature, including photocopying, and music publishing have been increased and government propaganda heightened via new TV channels, village education sessions, film showings and distribution of official books. 27. The number of political detentions in Tibet has continued to rise with the total number of known political 51 prisoners currently reported to be 988 , 269 of which are detentions from 2012, and an overwhelming number of whom were detained, disappeared and sentenced on charges of 'leaking state secrets' and 52 'endangering state security' .
iv. Limitations on the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights; Emphasis on the Right to Adequate Food including access to land 28. China has ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). In its first cycle UPR, China supported recommendations related to the enjoyment of ESCR, including recommendations 3, 9, and 26 which make specific reference to the Tibet Autonomous Region. 29. Pursuant to recommendation 9, in 2010 China invited the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food to undertake a country mission. In his concluding report, published in 2012, the Special Rapporteur urged the Government of China: to suspend the non-voluntary resettlement of nomadic herders from their traditional lands as well as the non-voluntary relocation of other rural residents; to examine options for 53 sustainable pasture management; and to improve education and health services in resettlement villages . These are recommendations that Chinese scholars and land-management practitioners, working with Tibetan nomads in the vast Sanjiangyuan region of Qinghai province, have identified as already showing results and needing further implementation, yet China has not taken steps to implement these 54 recommendations . China continues to impose resettlement policies that deprive Tibetan nomadic herders and other rural residents of their land and thereby their means of subsistence which is a violation of ESCR.
ICT, 24 October 2012; Chinese authorities offer large rewards for information on 'black hand' behind Tibetan self-immolations TCHRD, 21 August 2012; Senior monk sentenced to 7 years for sharing information 48 Reporters without Borders, 1 March 2012; Authorities tighten grip, isolating Tibet even more from the outside world 49 Human Rights Watch; 13 July 2012; China: Attempts to Seal Off Tibet from Outside Information 50 TCHRD, 17 January 2013; Annual Report on Human Rights Situation in Tibet 51 Ibid 52 Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Article 35 53 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Olivier De Schutter, Mission to China, Human Rights Council, January 2012 54 Ecological Conservation, Cultural Preservation, and a Bridge between: the Journey of Shanshui Conservation Center in the Sanjiangyuan Region, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China 47
30. It is China's stated intention to end the nomadic way of life; in 1998, China's Agriculture Vice Minister, 55 Qi Jingfa said, "All herdsmen are expected to end the nomadic life by the end of the century" . In January 2011 the Governor of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) reported that 1.43 million farmers and herders 56 had been moved into "new homes" . In May 2012, according to a statement on the official website of the Central People's Government of the PRC, China's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Project on Resettling Nomadic People within China" included the aim of "resettling" the remaining nomad population of 246,000 households or 1.157 million nomads by 2015. The socio-economic and political purposes of the project were stated as "to accelerate the development mode shift of animal husbandry and grassland eco-system protection in pastoralist areas, to maintain ethnic harmony and frontier stability, and to lay a firm foundation 57 for building an all around prosperous society" . 31. Impact of the resettlement programme is illustrated by China's 2010 census figures which reveal that the proportion of workers in the TAR employed in farming and herding dropped from 76 per cent in 1999 to 56 58 per cent by 2008 . Figures provided in the Special Rapporteur's 2012 report indicate that this trend continues upwards with between 50 and 80 per cent of the 2.25 million nomads on the Tibetan plateau now 59 relocated or in the process of being relocated . 32. The full regime of access to and control over land and land-use decision-making is proscribed in the Law of Land Administration of China (1998). One of the stated purposes of the Law is to "protect cultivated land against industrial development" (article 4). Nevertheless, numerous personal testimonies have documented land seizures for industrial development in Tibet including for resource extraction and dam construction; without free, prior and informed consent and often with no, or insufficient, compensation despite legislation requiring "market value" compensation. Displaced families commonly receive only a small portion of projected land-related income as compensation (compensation based on production output value rather than land value) despite new regulations adopted in 2010 that could increase compensation for seized land up to full market value and make legal recourse more accessible. 33. Anecdotal reports indicate that promised employment opportunities in the newly constructed resettlement townships have not materialized, or they favour migrant workers from outside Tibetan areas who often benefit from incentives and other preferences. Social assistance allowances do not compensate resettled Tibetans for the higher cost of living in the townships which are commonly located near urban centres. The effect is to increase social marginalisation of Tibetans by removing their economic independence along with their cultural identity. 34. Non-voluntary resettlement of nomadic herders and other rural residents in Tibet is exacerbated by the absence of civil and political rights. The lack of popular participation in decision-making processes in China combined restrictions on freedoms of expression and association as well as systemic discrimination against Tibetans, has limited victim efforts to seek recourse when land rights are violated. Although access to remedy is available in theory – through various petitioning mechanisms, local courts, and the Ministry of Land and Resources for example – in practice using these procedures commonly results in harassment, intimidation, or arbitrary detention. 35. Access to land is a prerequisite for food security in nomadic and rural communities. Therefore, continued implementation of the resettlement policy, depriving communities of access to their traditional land, constitutes a violation of the state obligation to respect the right to food.
China Human Rights Rule of Law Update, 2005; Government Campaign to Settle Tibetan Nomads Moving Toward Completion, p8 Xinhua, 16 January 2011; Figures tell Tibet's development in five years See http://www.smhric.org/news_445.htm. See also China Daily 58 Provincial Migration in China: Preliminary Insights from the 2010 Population Census, Andrew Fischer, Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University, Netherlands, 2012 59 Ibid [53] 56 57
D. Recommendations for action by the People's Republic of China 36. The following actions would demonstrate China's commitment to human rights and the UPR process – as would China's acceptance, during this upcoming UPR, of more concrete recommendations for improving the human rights situation for Tibetans under Chinese rule.
Area of concern
Compliance with United Nations Human Rights Mechanisms
China must ratify the ICCPR in accordance with its acceptance to take steps towards this in its first cycle UPR and be pressed to give specific timeframes and commit to working towards ensuring ICCPR compliance.
China must urgently agree to dates for the High Commissioner for Human Rights to visit in the near future, including agreement that such a visit would include Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures, especially in Sichuan and Qinghai where self-immolations have been more frequent, and the Tibet Autonomous Region.
China must meet agreements for other Special Rapporteurs to visit, including the Special Rapporteur on Religious Freedom, and accept that such visits must include Tibet as an area of specific concern.
China must implement an immediate review of its policies on ethnic minorities with specific reference to addressing restrictions on the rights to freedom of thought, religion, assembly and expression. Specifically, China must end its use of political or patriotic re-education.
China must cease the persecution, harassment, arbitrary arrest and wrongful imprisonment of Tibetans for peaceful political or religious activities, or those of their relatives or communities. Tibetans imprisoned for exercising their basic civil and political rights, such as the rights to religion, assembly and expression should be immediately and unconditionally released, including those arrested or sentenced on charges of "intentional homicide" in connection with self-immolations.
China must withdraw armed forces from affected towns and monasteries where self-immolations have taken place.
Alleviating tensions caused by violations of Civil and Political Rights in Tibet, in connection to the self-immolation protests in Tibet.
vii. China must remove restrictions on freedom of information and expression, including on the Internet Enjoyment of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
viii. China must end the non-voluntary resettlement of nomadic herders and other rural residents in Tibet, and allow Tibetan nomads already resettled to return to their land if they wish. ix. China must introduce measures to ensure free, prior and informed consent of Tibetan nomadic communities affected by large-scale projects including conservation, parks and protected areas, as well as development projects, including but not limited to resource extraction and dam construction.
Enjoyment of Civil and Political Rights
China must amend its domestic laws regarding peaceful assembly and freedom of expression, so that it is in line with international human rights standards and is non-discriminatory.
xi. China must amend its State Security laws in relation to definitions of 'crimes' of "endangering state security", to prevent "organizing, scheming and carrying out activities to split the nation and sabotage national unity" being arbitrarily applied to simple and peaceful acts of freedom of expression and assembly.
Published on Mar 5, 2013
A Joint Submission by Member Groups of the International Tibet Network to Session 17 of Universal Periodic Review People's Republic of China...


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What is Wow!Gorillas?
Bristol Gorillas are life-sized fiberglass gorilla sculptures on display on some of the many Bristol city landmarks for ten weeks between the 6th of July and the 7th September 2011. There are 61 life-sized gorillas in total which are on display around the city and 90 mini ones (70cm tall) on display in more secure locations such as shops, libraries, cafes and schools.
The project, called Wow!Gorillas, was initiated by Bristol Zoo Gardens, in partnership with Wild in Art. It all started about a year ago when Bristol Zoo Gardens and its partner launched an initiative looking for artists (such as illustrators, painters, photographers and graffiti artist) to help design and decorate the life-sized sculptures. The project's main aim is to raise awareness of the extinction crisis facing primates in the wild in occasion of Bristol Zoo's 175th birthday.
350 designs were showcased and 60 of them have been sponsored by different organisations to become life size gorillas. Mini gorilla sculptures were acquired by schools for the children to design and decorate.
In September, when the exhibition ends, the life-sized sculptures will be auctioned to raise money to support the work of two important organisations in Bristol: Bristol Zoo Gardens which drives the conservation project for gorillas and other apes in Cameroon, and Wallace and Gromit's Grand Appeal which raises funds for the Bristol Royal Hospital for Children.
The mini gorillas will not be auctioned at the end of the exhibition, instead they will be returned to their respective schools.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Senti approached me this summer to discuss the possibility of creating their own brand of home fragrances. They wanted to create a brand that was elegant, luxurious and timeless that would sit alongside prestigious brands such as Jo Malone. I jumped at the challenge and worked with them to create a new brand that was then applied across a new range of products, packaging, stationery and website.


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Vivo V3: Review
So the latest Zombie straight from the folklores of the Chinese mobile companies is the sleek and sturdy Vivo V3, which is as chiseled as drop-dead gorgeous Edward Cullen himself. However, the crystal skulls lay deep in its old-school marketing strategies that despite a few tech-experts' downtrend predictions have sent shivers down the spine of competing werewolves such as Xiaomi.
If you too swear by the latest gadget on the world shelf, then you know you can miss the Trump's speech for a while but not Vivo's neon-lit signs and hoardings around the globe. Launched way back in April this year, Vivo V3 witnessed a slash in price bringing the ghost to just Rs 14,980. We try to find out if it's got all the weapons in the quiver to wage a war against its modern competitors. Here we go:
It's a complete Lindsay Lohan's Parent Trap moment for those who have been keen on buying Vivo V3 lately. V3 Max and Vivo V3 are identical and, thus, quite bland to a pair of naked eyes. Like loads of other people have already complained, I too mistook it for Oppo F1 for the first time I noticed it around the time when it was launched. There is just the difference of the branding logo on the front. Otherwise, they are both almost the same.
It's got curved glass edges, non-backlit capacitive navigation buttons, and scratch protection Gorilla Glass. You get it with a pre-installed screen guard. With a 5-inch size, you can handle it without any hassle. Despite an ideal viewing angles and color reproduction, the overall quality comes down with a resolution as low as HD (720X1280). However, the best part is that you can never notice the glitch unless you wage a war against it. There are so many handsets in the market today that offer a full-HD resolution at the same price. It's a real setback if you don't have a sharper display at this price range.
V3 has a chiseled metallic body sturdier than the Iron Man suit. Ergonomic button placement, dual-SIM tray on the left, microSD card slot with a capacity of up to 128 GB on the top, and a speaker socket right next to it. An ideal device for music freaks as it comes with powerful speakers and an amplifier chip. The audio and video tracks are distinct and audible from outdoors. Stereo speakers would have been icing on the cake. But this is still rocking.
The body is slippery due to its grip-less texture. So to make this up, the company gives you the silicon case. A headset, charger, data cable, and SIM ejector are the other weapons in the box. The power adapter is huge, which I believe isn't really necessary especially because it doesn't help fast charging.
Specifications and features
The dragon that runs this phone is Qualcomm Snapdragon 616 octa-core SoC. It comes with a 3 GM RAM and a storage capacity of 32 GB. It is a damp squib as most are addicted to the poisons at half the price. Other features include Bluetooth 4.0, GPS, USB OTB, 4G LTE on Band 1, 3, 5, and 40, and dual-band Wi-Fi b/g/n.
One of the best features of the phone is its fingerprint sensor on the back. It works really well. Use it to open and lock your files and apps. Funtouch OS 2.5 runs V3 which is again a custom fork of Android Lollipop. The interface of V3 works quite like Apple's iOS. You will take some time to get used to the phone if you have used Android phones for long. For example, the recent apps function is actually a Menu button. If you tap on the home screen, then you get a host of options for widgets, transition effects, and hiding apps.
To switch apps and to go to toggles for Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, all you need is to long press or swipe up from the bottom of the screen. Some of the most common apps on Vivo V3 are i Theme for visual customizations, i Manager for data usage monitoring and apps management, EasyShare for data sharing over Wi-Fi Direct, and Vivo Cloud for your personal data backup. The phone comes with a host of pre-installed apps such as WhatsApp, WeChat, Facebook, and WPS Office.
There is this new Settings app with some new gesture controls in it. To wake up the screen, all you gotta do is just hover your palm over the screen. With a smart multi-screen, you get a floating notification. When you open the message, it occupies just half of the entire screen space. Though, it works only when you are watching a full-screen video on Youtube and GooglePlay. S-capture allows you to take a scrolling screenshot or video screengrabs.
The Vivo V3 has a user-friendly interface that initially looks like more difficult than breaking Da Vinci Codes. Just kidding! It isn't really that difficult. It's smooth. You can handle all types of apps and games on the phone without any possible problem. No problem with 4G in either slot. Earpiece offers a great sound quality. You can handle it very comfortably especially while gaming due to its small size. No overheating problem whatsoever.
Not really compatible for 4K videos. You can though run a 1080p video without facing any problem. Music player supports FLAC and its sound quality is amazing. However, the headset that comes with the box isn't really ideal for music listening experience. Try it with a pair of good quality earphones bought from the market.
Its 13-megapixel rear camera has Phase Detection Autofocus (PDAF) that quickly locks on to subject. Pictures clicked during the day look fine on the display. It is advisable to shoot in the HDR mode as standard pictures might look dull. The 8-megapixel camera is ideal for only selfies, undoubtedly.
Video recording quality is at its best at 1080p. However, the quality is still average. As a consequence, the low-light videos are more horrible than the Ring series. It also has loads of noise in it. The video recording app is laced with innovative features such as watermarking, touch and voice triggered captures. HDR, panorama, night, professional, slow-motion video, and hyperlapse video are shooting modes. They are all amazing.
Vivo V3: Review
After reviewing the Vivo V3, we find it to be one of the best products on the block. But to survive in the competition, this Chinese Rambo Balboa needs to fill a few more arrows in its quiver. There is no dearth of devices that offer a better value at the best price. In fact, others devices are better in terms of display quality, camera, and overall CPU performance.
Even at Rs 14, 980, nobody is going to buy custom Android fork that is confusing and cluttered at the same time. The best feature of the phone is its battery life. Audio quality is also commendable.


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BAKERSFIELD, Calif. — As he waited for his first disciplinary appeal hearing to begin this fall, the sixth-grade student began sobbing.
Category: Featured
Thousands Of Sugar Cane Workers Die As Wealthy Nations Stall On Solutions
LA ISLA, Nicaragua — Maudiel Martinez is 19 years old and has a shy smile, a tangle of curly black hair and a lean, muscular build shaped by years of work in the sugarcane fields. For most of his adolescence, he was healthy and strong and spent his days chopping tall stalks of cane with his machete.
Partnership Aims To Prevent Child Sexual Abuse
NEW BRUNSWICK – Prevent Child Abuse-New Jersey and the NJ Partnership to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse formally announced the selection of three local coalitions to replicate the "Enough Abuse" campaign throughout the state on Thursday, Dec. 8, on the steps of the State House in Trenton.
Tips That Let You Turn Down The Thermostat
(StatePoint) With today's high fuel prices, heating your home in the cooler months can be expensive. By turning your thermostat back 10 to 15 degrees for eight hours, you can save up to 15 percent a year on your heating bill, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.
"Outspoken Library" Services Bring Back The Joy Of Reading To Veterans
MENLO PARK – The New Jersey State Library Talking Book & Braille Center's (TBBC) "Outspoken Library" kiosk is now available to the veterans at the NJ Veterans Memorial Home, Menlo Park.
New Brunswick Church Mobilizes Volunteers To Bring Christmas Cheer To Families In Need
NEW BRUNSWICK — In case 1,700 brand new toys, gifts, and coats costing over $45,000 don't bring joy to a child and their family this Christmas, 2,100 eggs, 41 pounds of bacon and over 650 volunteers are being added for good measure.
Middle School Students Making Holiday Wishes Come True
EDISON — Middle School students at The Wardlaw-Hartridge School select items from a tree that includes items on a wish list from autistic children at Crossroads School in Westfield. The W-H students hope to provide a brighter holiday season for these autistic children by making their wishes come true.
3 People Sentenced For Roles In Drug Ring That Shipped 500 Pounds Of Marijuana From Arizona To NJ
TRENTON – Three people were sentenced to state prison today for their roles in a drug ring that shipped more than 500 pounds of marijuana, worth approximately $1 million, from Arizona to New Jersey using UPS and FedEx, Attorney General Paula T. Dow and Criminal Justice Director Stephen J. Taylor announced.
Scotch Plains Teen Leads Community Service Effort
SCOTCH PLAINS — Sunday is usually about relaxing and getting ready for the week ahead for most students, but for Jessica Clarke of Scotch Plains, a senior at The Wardlaw-Hartridge School in Edison, it is about serving others.
NJ Democrat Calls For Hillary Clinton To Run With Obama In 2012
ELIZABETH — State Sen. Raymond Lesniak is calling for Hillary Clinton to be President Obama's Vice Presidential running mate instead of Joe Biden, who is 69, and he will be making a television appearance this weekend to explain why.


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Uploaded: Jul 24, 2017 at 14:44 CDT
File size:9.83MB


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This movie is weird. It's the good kind of weird though, so I like it. The title alone would make you think that it is a horror film, but it isn't. I mean, it can certainly fit horror as a sub-genre, but I wouldn't say it's a full on horror. Calling this a horror film, is like calling Shaun of the Dead a horror film. There are aspects of yuck in there, but it's more humorous than scary.
I watched a pretty good movie tonight called He Never Died. Starring Henry Rollins, the film is about Jack, a man who lives a simple, and seemingly boring life, until his daughter Andrea arrives on his doorstep. Then, all hell breaks loose, and we discover that there is far more to this mysterious man's life than we first believed.
Vin Diesel's latest film The Last Witch Hunter, is about a witch hunter named Kaulder, who was cursed by a witch in the middle ages with eternal life. 800 hundred years later, Kaulder is working for a religious group as a peace keeper between witches and humans. After his handler is attacked, Kaulder goes on the hunt for the witch, and stumbles across a plan that could destroy the world.
Crimson Peak is the newest film from directer Guillermo del Toro, whose notable works include Pan's Labyrinth and Pacific Rim. Starring Tom Hiddleston, Jessica Chastain and Mia Wasikowska, the film is a throwback to the classic gothic horror stories of old.
I've always loved a good anthology film, and it's sad to say that good ones are few and far between. If you are wondering what an anthology film is, it is a film that consists of several short stories that are somehow all linked together. I'm sure you're all familiar with the popular examples such as Pulp Fiction, Paris Je t'aime and Love Actually.


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Many people cut down on meals and instead opt for smoothies thinking they are both tasty and healthy. While the former is true, the
Do we Indians really need to stop buying Chinese products?
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text: Sorting type: Most visited Most visited Alphabetical | The Hammer is a type for the Squire. Swing Speed Damage per Hit Attack Range Slow High Normal Related Items Other Squire Weapons. Pages in category "Hammers" Einhorn's Furnace Poker Patellar Hammer Aquian Cog-Maul Gear Hammer Mjollnir " The Primitive Hammer is a Squire weapon. It is awarded for completing the Mistymire Forest on... Primitive Hammer War Hammer Subcategories Hammers Retrieved from "http://dungeondefenders.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Hammers?oldid=85871" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Hammers Weapons Squire Weapons Squire Apprentice Weapons


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New Delhi: Intel India, the local unit of the world's biggest computer chip maker, has announced giving a grant of $60,000 (about Rs24 lakh) to a Delhi-based NGO for developing skills in children and women.
The fund from Intel Foundation would be utilized over two years through not-for-profit organization Digital Empowerment Foundation, an Intel release said.
"The fund will be dedicated to providing opportunities for women in remote, rural villages and community information resource centres (CIRCs) will also provide them training and support," Intel Foundation president Brenda Musili said.
The CIRCs would be equipped to become sources of content and information to help women find solutions to their problems, the release said.
"The multiple CIRCs spread across the country target to positively impact over 100 villages," DEF founder director Osama Manzar said.


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Product Description
These coasters show any four Liverpool FC legends of your choosing. Simply choose your four favourite players in the 'Customer Notes' section at the checkout – and we will do the rest it couldn't be simpler!
This is the perfect gift for any Reds fan who has all the shirts, scarfs and badges!
Each coaster is handmade (taking a day to complete) and hand transferred onto a 4″x4″ tumbled marble tile. Due to the hand transferring process the image may not be absolutely perfect on the tile.
Underneath the coaster is a protective pad for your table top.
They have been double sealed with a matte finish sealant and sprayed twice with a matt finishing spray (this keeps it so that hot beverages don't stick), this seals the coasters nicely and keeps the matte finish of the tile.
Due to the weight of this product shipping is over 1kg.
All orders are sent via courier and in some cases if requested, a signature will be needed on delivery.
Products are sent with protective material to ensure safe shipping of your product.
Local pick up is advised for this product at no extra cost.


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The chief executive of the the company that organises the Wima NFC tradeshows in Monte Carlo and in the US has been appointed as an adviser to the cabinet of Prince Albert II of Monaco. In his ten years at Monaco Mediax, David Tomatis has overseen the growth of the Monte Carlo Television Festival and the Monaco Media Forum as well as Wima.
- From the high street to the handset: How banks can stay connected to consumers in the smartphone era
- British Airways owner IAG launches mobile pay on new airline Level
- Heat become first NBA team with mobile-only entry
- What code is running on Apple's Secure Enclave security chip? Now we have a decryption key…
- Digital payment platforms primed to topple cash


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What The Ladybird Heard at Lyric Theatre
Julia Donaldson is responsible for some of the most enchanting children's fiction of the last decade including The Gruffalo to Room On The Broom. This latest stage adaptation of her work - illustrated by Lydia Monks - is a colourful farmyard adventure about what happens when Hefty Hugh and Lanky Len try to steal the farmer's fine prize cow.
|Adult Ticket:
|£14.50 to £18.50 (€15.89 - €20.27) per ticket
Venue Details & Map
Lyric Theatre
- Address
Shaftesbury Avenue
St JamesLondonW1D 7ES
- Telephone:
- 0330 333 4812


text:
Address: King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS
Telephone: 020 7836 5454
Underground:Temple, Charing Cross, Embankment
Rail: Blackfriars, Charing Cross, Waterloo
Bus routes: 6, 7, 13, 23, 76, 521, RV1
Details of the Kings Strand site can be found on the this page of the Kings website. A detailed map of the location (.jpg, 36k) is available here.
Click here for a multimap map of the area.
And for when the Reunion is over and you are wondering what to do, this site has lots of information on the Strand area.
This page created 14 September 2005


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Register for Health and Care Innovation Expo 2017
This year's Expo takes place on 11 and 12 September. Our focus will be on the actions we are taking together across the NHS, local government and social care, to transform and modernise the NHS in line with the 'Next steps on the Five Year Forward View'.
Speakers include Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP, Professor Jane Cummings, Andy Burnham and Dr Luke Kane.
The agenda features inspirational speakers, influential leaders, in-depth exploration of key topics and expert-led workshops.
Booked sessions are very popular, so register now and sign up for your preferred sessions to avoid disappointment.


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Cyberpunk is a subgenre within science fiction. Stories in this genre are about: computers, robots, hackers and the impact of an information society on individuals and often the alienation advanced technology poses to the individual. In some stories, like in William Gibson's Sprawl Trilogy, humanity has reached a technological singularity and thus, to true artificial intelligence.
The heroes in cyberpunk stories are usually hackers, but they are not heroes in the classical sense.
Examples of this genre are: Neuromancer, Count Zero, Mona Lisa Overdrive, Virtual Light, Idoru, Burning Chrome, among others, by William Gibson and Wyrm, by Mark Fabi.


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So I became friends with this guy when we started college. (We begun talking April as seniors, then around August, September, we drifted apart (my fault) and reconnected in October.) He had a girlfriend of almost half a year but dumped her. A week later he kissed me and asked me out.
We spent the two weeks in December with each other almost every minute (because it was a laid back finals weeks) And two weeks into our relationship he said he loved me.
Can he truly love me even though we've only been dating for a short amount of time? Do guys only say they love you if they mean it?
(Ps. He's not looking for just sex because he's aware that I'm waiting for marriage and said he'd wait for me.)
Most Helpful Girl
He probably means it. Sometimes people do say stuff that they don't mean, but trust him until he gives you a reason not to.11|00|0


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Constellation - Southern Caribbean: Celebrity Constellation Cruise Review by hair13
Overall Member Rating
Constellation - Southern Caribbean
Destination: Southern Caribbean
Embarkation: San Juan
I am not going to take you on a daily schedule of the cruise. I feel that has already been stated many times. I do want to mention about the Cirque Du Soliel "Experience." Yes, it is an Experience and not a show. If you expect a show, you will be very disappointed. The disco has been transformed into "The Bar and the Edge of the Earth." The look of it, well it looks like More the TV show "Trading Spaces" came in and decorated it. They have slipcovered the chairs in white, they have lots of material hanging from the ceilings. They have made tents in the back with lounges in them. The cocktail waiters, well it was obvious that they did not know what they were doing. I had a frozen drink dumped in my lap and on the others in my group. He gave me a few small napkins to clean up and gave me a free drink. The rest of the group was charged for theirs even though the orders were wrong and they had stuff on them too. That was bad service. After a major complaint by my husband, we did get our clothes laundered for free. The "experience" was like a bad technical rehearsal. I just was not impressed. We did go to the Masquerade Ball. Yes, we paid the $30 per person and really looked forward to something magical from this. Well, it was the same "experience" we had for free two nights before. (This time no drink on me however.) The only difference at all was that everyone had on masks and dressed in white. I had read in another review that no one was talking about the "experience" on board afterward. I do not know where that person was, because we heard a lot of people complaining on how bad it was, After being part of a focus group about it, Celebrity and Cirque did make changes on the last night. It was a lot more fun with better music and more interaction with the characters. We did get a refund on the Masquerade Ball.
I also want to bring up one other thing. I had terrible service in the main dining room (San Marco). Our waiter never introduced himself, and never talked except to apologize when he got the order wrong (that happened a lot). We only ate in the San Marco three nights because the service was so bad. One example of this service was with any Celebrity cruise waiter, they start the night with an explanation of the menu. What we received was, "Good evening, what do you want." We had to ask the maitre 'd to refill our water glasses because the assistant waiter or the main waiter just did not do it. We later found out from our table mates, that the assistant waiter was very unhappy with his job and he wanted off of the ship. He actually told them this. This does not say much for Celebrity. We did eat at the Sushi bar a lot at night. It was great.
Our favorite place to enjoy a sunset was at the bar on the stern of the ship(Seaside Grill). That is where Happy Hour was and we enjoyed Pablo singing every night there. The Seaside Grill by the pool was also very good for hamburgers and pizza.
I have to also compliment the activities staff. Tommy, Paul and Renata were great. My group loves trivia, and we had a lot of fun in the competitions. The other entertainment was great also. I was so impressed with the quality of shows onboard. I highly recommend the Aquaspa. I had a hot stone massage that was absolutely best. I also got a haircut and manicure. The services were excellent. One benefit to being a Captain's Club member, you get coupons for discounts on spa services. The staff were wonderful.
Overall, I had a good cruise. It was not the excellent cruise that Celebrity is famous for. I had hoped with all of the heads of Celebrity on board, that services would be top notch, but it was not. I was disappointed. Less
Published 12/20/04
Cabin review: 2A7142 Deluxe Ocean View with Balcony 2ADeluxe Ocean View with Balcony 2A (2A) Reviews >>
Read Cruise Critic's Celebrity Constellation Review >>
Just back and I'd book same ex...
Vista and jeep tour
Staff Makes The Trip!
My first cruise ever
Celebrity = overrated and over...
Lovely ship, good destinations...
Lacks the luxury from its publ...
Great service, good food.
My first cruise ever
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text:
Bangladesh got lucky in the semi-final game of Champions Trophy against India as they were awarded five bonus runs due to a silly mistake by former Indian skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni.
In the 39th over, Bangladesh scoreboard moved up from 201 to 206 runs as Dhoni tried to pull off a runout.
Indian wicket keeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni threw his gloves on the field to collect the ball and attempt run out, by mistake ball landed on the gloves and a penalty of five runs was imposed on the Indian team.
Team Bangladesh went on to set a 265-run target against India for the loss of seven wickets.


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Armstrong 93W75 - 606569-03 PRESSURE SWITCH KIT
Armstrong 93W75 - 606569-03 PRESSURE SWITCH KIT
HVAC.com takes pride in offering only brand new genuine Armstrong parts & supplies.
If you have any questions regarding this product please feel free to email [email protected] or call 1-855-932-4822 and one of our friendly Customer Experience Representatives will be more than happy to help.


text:
Listing ID: 216022579
Price: $448,000
Est. Monthly Payment: $1,923.97 See Details
Address: 3317 SW 26th AVE
City: House Cape Coral for Sale
State: Florida
Postal Code: 33914
Bedrooms: 4
Total Baths: 2
Full Baths: 2
Square Feet: 2,167
Acres: 0.320
County: Lee
Cape Coral Waterfront Homes: House Cape Coral for Sale. Another 11,000 $ REDUCED! Exterior of home & pool deck was just painted in Dec.2016! High-End completely turnkey furnished gulf access pool home with hot tub and tiki hut in modern romance setting with luscious views and seductive spaces! This beautiful upscale 3 bedroom+ den home with rare 3 car garage on a larger than normal lot (.32 acres) and 121-150 feet wide canal is located in a neighborhood with newer and upscale homes with lush landscape in highly prestiges unit 74 the Surfside area. This beautiful electric heated pool home with jacuzzi, boat dock with tiki hut, and 2,169 sq-ft for under $500,000 offers a unique great room design offering crown molding, luxurious tray ceilings, tiles through-out living area, beautiful walk around shower in master plus jacuzzi tub and his and her sink, stainless steel appliances, quartz counters in kitchen, and tons more! Come enjoy the electric heated pool and spa today with its beautiful sundeck overlooking the wide canal, boat dock and tiki hut! Other features include: paved driveway, high end barrel tile roof, and complete turnkey furnished (West Elm Furniture).
{"zipcode": "33914", "price": "448000"}
Down Payment
Credit Score
Loan Amount
Loan Type
Primary Features
Community Name: CAPE CORAL
County: Lee
Recreation: swimming pool, Heated pool, In-ground swimming pool, In-ground, screen enclosed swimming pool, Spa, Boat dockage
Scenery: Waterfront property, Canal view, Canal waterfront property, Gulf access
Style: Traditional
Subdivision: CAPE CORAL
Year Built: 2005
Location Information
Area: CC22 - Cape Coral Unit 69
Range: 23
Township: 45
Construction: Concrete block stucco, Stucco exterior
General: Pets allowed
Inclusions: Microwave oven, Disposal, Dishwasher, Refrigerator, Clothes washer, Clothes dryer, Range and oven, Furnished
Legal: CAPE CORAL UNIT 74 BLK 4893 PB 22 PG 131 LOT 2
Property Type Description: Single Family
Section: 5
Utilities: Public sewer service, Public water supply, TV cable available
External Features
Lot: Trees, Landscape sprinklers, Oversized lot
Lot Dimensions: 142x35x176x125
Parking: 3 car garage, Attached parking, Automatic garage door, Paved driveway
Roof: Tile roof
Financial Details
Tax Year: 2015
Taxes: 7832
Interior Features
Flooring: Carpet, Tile flooring
Heat/Cool: Central air conditioning, Central heat
Interior: Breakfast bar, Pantry, Tub and separate shower, Ceiling fan(s), Vaulted ceilings, Walk-in closet(s), Window treatments, Security features, Secondary bedrooms split from master bedroom
Laundry: Washer/dryer hookups, Laundry room/area
Rooms: Breakfast area, Master bedroom on main floor, Office, Foyer
Zoning Info
The data relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the Broker Reciprocity Program (BR Program) of M.L.S. of Naples, Inc. Data provided via the Florida Association of Realtors (FAR). Properties listed with brokerage firms other than Waterfront Realty Group Inc are marked with the BR Program Icon or the BR House Icon and detailed information about them includes the name of the listing brokers. Listing courtesy of Waterfront Realty Group Inc.
Contact - Listing ID 216022579
Kirsten S. Prizzi, FL Lic Real Estate Broker Associate
Waterfront Realty Group Inc, 1395 Third Street South
Naples, FL 34102
Phone: 239-248-1667
Email: email@example.com
Data services provided by IDX Broker


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Our beaten copper cutlery will add warmth to any table.
We recommend you hand wash this cutlery.
You can clean the handles with a copper cleaner from time to time to bring back a bright metallic finish.
Given the nature of copper and anything hand finished there may be slight variances in tone from batch to batch.
The range also comes in:
- Copper Fork
- Copper Table Knife
- Copper Cheese Knife
- Copper Butter Knife
- Copper Teaspoon
Check out the other items in the range.
Sold Individually.
The Produce Book showcases the most progressive and respected producers at the heart of Australia's vibrant food industry. Interviews with leading chefs and food heroes accompany 100 profiles on the most important artisanal growers and producers on the land today.With stunning commissioned photography, illustrations, maps...
$14.00 - Sold Out
The tattoo parlours and carnivals of a bygone era have inspired this cast iron anchor shaped bottle opener.: 9cm in length.
Our Brass Atticus knob is a 32mm wide chunk of solid brass has a matte finish and smooth lines. Ergonomically perfect, the concave nature of the knob is like a little seat for your thumb. Both practical and beautiful. Width: 32mm Projection: 29mm Back drilled....
Our range of Bamboo Tableware is an eco-friendly, long lasting dinnerware collection made from a fine blend of mechanically ground bamboo powder and bonded vegetable resin and coloured with vegetable dye, which is completely non-toxic, as well as being antibacterial. Made from a sustainable bamboo fibre,...


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Suzie Kelley
Mobile: 720-415-1124
Office: 303-420-8800
Email Me
Exceptional Homes for Exceptional Clients
Meet Suzie Kelley | Explore Our Communities
I work with home buyers and sellers in and around the Colorado Front Range area. My primary service areas include Arvada, Westminster, Golden, Lakewood, Littleton, Highlands Ranch and Denver.
Whether you're a first-time home buyer, selling your house, or even relocating to the area, I am here to assist you with any of your real estate needs. Here you can search all homes for sale, and even find information on recently sold homes. If you want to create an account, you can save your favorite properties, receive e-mail and/or text message updates when new homes fit your search criteria, rate your favorites, and more.
I look forward to working with you! Call/text me today at 720.415.1124.
The median home value in Avondale, CO is $115,100.
This is
lower than
the county median home value of $131,800.
The national median home value is $185,800.
Home owners in Avondale,CO comprise approximately 96.77% of homes, compare to 3.23% rented, while 0% of homes in Avondale,CO are vacant.
Avondale,CO real estate listings include condos, townhomes, and single family homes for sale. Commercial properties are also available. If you see a property you're interested in, contact me to arrange a tour today!
130 acres of fertile farmland & creek bottom.Custom-built high quality 5 BD 6 BA family & executive home. Stone countertops, hardwood millwork, & artisan features are evident throughout. Avid horse enthusiasts, owners created an extensive & well planned multi-discipline equine facility that includes a world-class indoor arena, 12 stall barn, 200x100 roping arena with return chute & lights. There is a separate breeding shed complete with teasing stanchion, lab with hot & cold water, cabinetry. Above the barn is a 3-bedroom apartment & an additional studio. Property is fenced in pipe & cable for safety & strong enough for buffalo! Pastures all have loafing sheds.The St. Charles Mesa boasts some of the best farmland in the region & at 4600 feet in elevation there are 3-4 cuttings of high quality horse hay on 55 acres & corn on another 12 acres of the irrigated meadows. Year âround Laughing Creek traverses the heart of the property. Valuable water shares will be conveyed in the sale.
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text: VIBE002 Fabio Alampi - Confiara (original 12" mix) by Fabio Alampi published on 2011-08-19T22:57:45Z After the success of the first release (VIBE001) this fresh new label keep the "club-vibe" with "Confiara EP"(colored 12" limited 200 copies). The Ep (VIBE002) starts with an original track by Fabio Alampi, a new proposal from vibe me record's guys; "Confiara (original mix)"is a big housy rolling track, with an incredible progression beetwen deep-bass and groovy-beat till to explode with the vocal-line sample, remebering the old Detroit tech-house vision with an amazing "acid synth" that push you into the dancefloor... Naturally one more time vibe me record is proud to collaborate with big international artists. For the second release, just to keep your hands in the air... DAPAYK (Mo's ferry, Rrygular, Fenou) and SOMEONE ELSE (FoundSound, Get Phisycal...) have touched this colored 12" with two remixes that don't need words... we're clubbers. To close this new powerfull release of Vibe me record the new spanish "club-star" of the underground system in barcellona, SISHI ROSCH (double standard, N.19, Ddelight)gave us a very elegant and 80's style remix...where deep dance ambient and melodic analog synth rember us that the vibe is life..." ww distribution by Decks.de and Intergroove.de Comment by EVOL MORG hot hot hot 2015/07/11 03:51:39 +0000 Comment by enya mika whoop// 2015/01/11 11:29:45 +0000 Comment by DJOKO oh my gawd 2014/11/26 14:04:19 +0000 Comment by T.F.T banging production 2014/09/28 19:00:05 +0000 Comment by NR. thats a huge track!!! 2013/12/19 00:19:05 +0000 Comment by estefarci Boom !!!! 2013/10/18 01:15:02 +0000 Comment by BenjaminJames Here we go 2013/08/14 15:30:08 +0000 Comment by Flauschinator Geeeeeiiillllll 2013/05/03 17:23:11 +0000 Comment by RS bad boy track, play it in pretty much every set. ALWAYS goes off!! 2012/06/24 22:54:54 +0000 Comment by Merqury City◎ Reminds of the german vibe but in a new and fresh dimension, great!!! 2012/06/12 09:37:39 +0000 Comment by fankyfem (Mirjana Mira) Sick sick SICK!!! =) 2012/01/01 20:46:01 +0000 Comment by ChonG Great work bro ! Love this :) 2011/12/28 13:55:47 +0000 Comment by therealadamheaps What a drop! 2011/12/15 13:45:45 +0000 Comment by Funkpreacher / YFX Great 2011/12/14 16:38:34 +0000 Comment by Merqury City◎ THIS IS SICK!!!!!! 2011/11/29 21:27:20 +0000 Comment by Fido86 super !! 2011/11/24 20:03:09 +0000 Comment by Leftak Wow ! Nice !!! 2011/11/21 19:38:22 +0000 Comment by Cycle In Motions AAAAAAAAAUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 2011/10/12 04:19:00 +0000 Comment by Michel Laro Awesome track ! 2011/10/12 00:07:55 +0000 Comment by Adna Ramon fuckin bass line!!!! 2011/09/14 08:41:16 +0000


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At regular intervals "Tierschutz macht Schule" puts educational focus initiatives on important tasks of animal welfare. Those aim to reach especially grown-ups and consumers.
In the context of an initiative common knowledge and practically relevant tips are communicated in an appealing way. We have developed educational methods and tools that do not only adress persons that are already interested in animal welfare but also those who are generally not so bothered by the issue.
We want to support the public in integrating animal welfare in their daily routine!
We therefore publish information brochures and provide solution oriented information ranging from scientific articles to games and quizzes that promote new possibilities of behaviour and acting on our german page under "Initiatives"
The aim of an initiative is to raise the level of public alertness for an issue and therefore enable a rethinking process. Initiatives are usually accompanied by media conferences (you can view some examples on our press page)
In 2011 we reached more than 35.000 Austrians with our initiatives
- Fish and You!
- Animal friendly consumption and
- Humans and dogs - a safe encounter


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Staff are required to undergo orientation and training in specific areas… certifications and/or proof of training must be kept in the employee's file. Below are the requirements for staff training: Orientation (prior to performing any job duties) Job responsibilities Abuse, Neglect, and Misappropriation (prevention and reporting) Info regarding individual services Emergency and disaster planning and […] Read More
Prescribing, Labeling, Packaging, and Storage Must be a written practitioner's order for EACH prescription medication, OTC medication, PRN medication, and dietary supplements. Must be maintain in their file at all times. Medications for internal consumption and medications for external application must be separated. If unable to do so, putting the external application medications in a […] Read More
Program Statements are an important part of your facility, resident care, and even for care teams. Even though they're required by DHS 83 (and DHS 88), it is a wonderful opportunity to "show off" your assets and services in addition to proving your commitment to quality care. The content should, at a minimum, include: Staffing […] Read More
I always recommend facilities create at least four Policies & Procedures (or handbooks) to make available to all staff/caregivers and administration. Medication Management and Administration policies are especially important because it's a serious and big responsibility. Topics should include, but are not limited to: Practitioner's Orders Medication Packaging Reordering Medications Process Medication Storage Medication Documentation […] Read More
Your services need to be designed and provided to allow the residents to increase or maintain independence. They should teach and provide opportunities for the residents to increase their skills or to minimize natural decline in the ability to make wants and needs known. The residents need the teaching and providing of opportunities to increase […] Read More
Without discharge planning and proper relocation procedures (especially with developmentally disabled, elderly, and emotionally disturbed residents), relocation stress syndrome may develop. Transferring from one environment to another causes physiological and psychological impairment that is actually known to cause serious illness (and can even be fatal). However, the good news is, a change in routine and this […] Read More
A resident change in condition is not only a "change" it is a process. Many professionals require certain tools to do a job well. As a caregiver, your valuable tool is observation. By simply being attentive, you can gain a better understanding of how your residents feel and are able to recognize how their health, […] Read More


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I use to be friends with a guy and we stopped hanging out when he got a girlfriend(who is also a friend of mine).I went shopping with my brothers friend (who is a guy) which I thought was no big deal. My friend told her boyfriend and when my friends boyfriend found out he wouldn't stop asking about it and not minding his own business, I mean were only hanging out why does he give a damn? I don't understand why he has to interrogate her about my business?He also mentioned that I have been "dating'' a lot of different guys,which in fact all me and these guys were doing is hanging out as friends.He has a girlfriend so why does he seem so interested in what I do?
Why Won't He Mind His Own Business?
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i agree with 'love-redneck-boys' . I think this guy has a crush on you. if it gets on your nerves you should either talk to him about it or talk to your friend about why her boyfriend keeps asking about your business. maybe it'll trigger something and she'll also wonder the same thing. the way I see it is if he's trying to stir up trouble for you, then stir up trouble for him. maybe he'll come to his senses.00|00|0
All I can say is that maybe, (I don't know how your guys relationship was when you did hangout together) he could like you or still like you. It could seem to him that he thinks your going to wait for him to get out of the relationship so you guys can get together. Again I don't know how close you guys were. He doesn't want to with other guys for the same reason.00|00|0
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Street View - Homes for Sale in O Fallon
Access MLS homes for sale in O'Fallon MO
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Searching for that perfect new home, but need to sell first? Our team of specialists are active and excited to hear from you. You can request a personal home valuation and see where you stand as a seller.


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Intense customer-oriented stakeholder collaboration through pragmatic Requirements Engineering and Management.
Customers have more options than ever before, they are global, and they are increasingly difficult to delight. Product development projects face increased ambiguity and uncertainty when attempting to define appropriate requirements. Supply footprints are also increasingly diverse and global—no wonder then, that defining and fulfilling target specifications is a challenge.
This equipment manufacturer is one among many finding out in practice that Requirements Engineering and Management sounds great in theory, but is difficult to apply in practice without incurring extra project cost and even a slowdown. Thus, it required adaptation to each unit's and project's specific circumstances.
Request the full success story to find out how value was delivered.


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Hi Everybody!
God is moving powerfully at Crossbridge Church! It has almost been a month since Celebration Sunday! On March 29, 2015 we announced the BOLD totals and we were totally blown away by God's extravagant grace on us! Only God could do this!
God is doing an unprecedented work through BOLD! Most churches see about 65% participation rate when they do similar initiatives, 92% at Crossbridge can be ONLY GOD! Our financial goal was $4.85 million but through your BOLD step of faith we have committed $5,554,769! Again ONLY GOD could have done this and to Him we give all the glory!
BOLD is way more than raising money, it is about being BOLD in every area of relationship with Jesus! We saw this in the way you invited people to EASTER at Crossbridge! We had our largest attendance ever with 903 people! We had 15 baptisms, the most Crossbridge had in one day! We had a ton of first time guests invited by you! Crossbridge is going BOLD because of the reality of the 1 risen Savior – JESUS IS ALIVE!
BOLD is just getting starting! Because of your incredible generosity that exceeded our BOLD financial goal, we are now able to accelerate our impact in all three areas of BOLD!
We are excited to announce that because of your BOLD generosity and everything that God is doing through BOLD, we have made the decision to make our first step in being BOLD for our Mission by bringing Griffin Covington, our Student Ministries Pastor, on staff full-time as of this past week. Griffin has begun to lead our student ministries to another level of fruitfulness and excellence. I know many of you who have had an opportunity to interact with Griffin have been impressed by how he is making an impact in the lives of our students. In fact, I continue to be impressed at how our students are going BOLD. Later this summer, you will see a BOLD video story from one of our students who made a business plan for earning money so that she can be more BOLD in her generosity. Thank you, Griffin, for teaching our students so well!
We are also excited to announce something very exciting… We have a signed contract for our land at Harlem and Plantation!! Now begins the 120-day process of prayer and due diligence before we close on the land officially. Please continue praying for us as we take crucial steps to make this dream a reality. A huge thanks to our Associate Pastor Reed Cutshall as well as our Elders for all they have done through this process. And also to YOU, the people of Crossbridge for being so BOLD in your generosity.
In fact, similar to how we were able to accelerate bringing Griffin on full-time, we are also accelerating our BOLD for our community initiative as we are now planning on paying off a much larger portion of the land, possibly as much as $2.9M of the land, which would almost be the entire amount! With your continued generosity as we fulfill our BOLD commitments, God willing, we will be able to pay off our land during this BOLD season so that we are in a great position as a church to build even stronger than we originally envisioned.
We are also accelerating our impact in being BOLD for our World. Many of you know that we engaged in the Child Survival Program through Compassion International, and we sent our first payment to them a few weeks ago! We will be telling you more about this special project in the next couple of weeks! You might also remember that Bold for Our World includes us supporting the Houston Church Planting Network as well as other local and global mission efforts. As a result of your incredible generosity, as long as our BOLD generosity continues on pace, we will be able to accelerate our impact in BOLD for our World by engaging even more local and global initiatives outside the walls of Crossbridge! We are beginning the conversations of whom we will be partnering with and what we will be doing but these conversations wouldn't even be possible without our BOLD generosity!
We'll be sharing more BOLD updates with you as we go along, but it is clear that your continued generosity is allowing God to do even more than we ever asked or imagined here through His ministry at Crossbridge. What happened on Easter and what continues to happen every single week here is evidence that God is working in ways that have FAR EXCEED our expectations. So, THANK YOU for continuing your radical, BOLD generosity to Crossbridge for the mission of "Honoring God by Making Growing Followers of Jesus Christ." It matters.


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Van der Gun heads for Willem II
By Philip Seery
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
AJAX have loaned out midfielder Cedric van der Gun to Willem II after the youngster turned down a number of other options.
Coach Ronald Koeman told van der Gun that he could leave the club earlier in the season and the star shunned moves to AZ Alkmaar, RBC Roosendaal and FC Groningen.
Willem II offered a loan deal to the 22-year-old that was accepted by Ajax and the Dutchman.
Van der Gun has made 45 first team appearances for the Dutch giants scoring a creditable nine goals.


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Date: 5/20/2017
With Cabo becoming more and more the destination of choice for mega yachts the latest trends in these toys of the mega rich are about to hit Cabo. Consider the beach club.
Date: 12/24/2016
Bisbee is the big bucks, but the most fun you can have in Cabo is the WON Tuna Jackpot, the LARGEST tournament on the calendar and a pay out this year of over $700,000 and with affordable entry fees and flexible rules this is a tournament for anybody to be able to fish.
Date: 9/2/2016
As one of the largest villas—28,000 square feet to be exact— available in Mexico is unveiled in Cabo, the Baja resort continues to go from strength to strength in terms of the real estate opportunities.
Date: 6/22/2016
Largest tuna of year so far caught by Pisces.
Date: 5/4/2016
Whether you're planning a short Spring getaway south of the border, or a relaxing family vacation, Cabo San Lucas is a unique destination, where you can find your own piece of paradise, and where you can enjoy just any activity you'd like.
Date: 1/8/2016
Once the tranquil haven of big game fishermen chasing giant blue marlin (they still hunt the behemoth billfish in the Sea of Cortez), quiet Cabo San Lucas on the tip of Mexico's Baja California peninsula is one of the most coveted destinations in the world. Hollywood celebrities, along with other rich and famous folks, "discovered" the charms of Cabo in the 1950s and 1960s.
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Friday, June 22, 2007
Money Saving Games
I found the perfect website on how to save money in fun ways. It's called Money Saving Games Fun Games that help you save money. These are some wonderful ideas on how to save without even realizing it. I especially like the no spending for a day game. I try to do that as much as possible. Check them out and see which one you can play to save money!
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Filter Results:
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- Christa Maes, Tatsuya Kobayashi, +5 authors Henry M Kronenberg
- Developmental cell
- 2010
During endochondral bone development, the first osteoblasts differentiate in the perichondrium surrounding avascular cartilaginous rudiments; the source of trabecular osteoblasts inside the later bone is, however, unknown. Here, we generated tamoxifen-inducible transgenic mice bred to Rosa26R-LacZ reporter mice to follow the fates of stage-selective subsets… (More)
- Jianjian Zhu, Eiichiro Nakamura, Minh-Thanh Nguyen, Xiaozhong Bao, Haruhiko Akiyama, Susan Mackem
- Developmental cell
- 2008
Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which regulates proliferation in many contexts, functions as a limb morphogen to specify a distinct pattern of digits. How Shh's effects on cell number relate to its role in specifying digit identity is unclear. Deleting the mouse Shh gene at different times using a conditional Cre line, we find that Shh functions to control limb… (More)
We have isolated a new murine homeobox gene, Rpx (for Rathke's pouch homeobox), that is dynamically expressed in the prospective cephalic region of the embryo during gastrulation. Early expression is seen in the anterior midline endoderm and prechordal plate precursor. Expression is subsequently activated in the overlying ectoderm of the cephalic neural… (More)
- G Celli, W J LaRochelle, S Mackem, R Sharp, G Merlino
- The EMBO journal
- 1998
Despite a wealth of experimental data implicating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in various developmental processes, genetic inactivation of individual genes encoding specific FGFs or their receptors (FGFRs) has generally failed to demonstrate their role in vertebrate organogenesis due to early embryonic lethality or functional redundancy. Here we… (More)
- Eiichiro Nakamura, Minh-Thanh Nguyen, Susan Mackem
- Developmental dynamics : an official publication…
- 2006
Cartilage differentiation occurs over a broad time range from early embryonic development, when the mesenchymal condensations that give rise to cartilage models for future bone first appear, and continuing through adult life, when there is ongoing maintenance of articular joint surfaces and re-activation of cartilage formation after fracture. The… (More)
- V Knezevic, R De Santo, S Mackem
- Development
- 1997
The mouse Brachyury (T) gene plays critical roles in the genesis of normal mesoderm during gastrulation and in the maintenance of a functioning notochord. Abrogation of Brachyury (T) expression within the chordamesoderm of homozygous null mutants nevertheless spares anterior axis formation. An intriguing possibility to explain the preservation of anterior… (More)
- Bau-Lin Huang, Susan Mackem
- Nature
- 2014
Limb modifications are fundamental to tetrapod evolution. Adaptive digit loss enables specialized functions such as running or flight, and has repeatedly evolved in parallel. But the developmental mechanisms underlying deviation from the five-digit ground state are unclear, partly owing to the hurdles involved in analysing embryos from animals that are not… (More)
- Yukiko Maeda, Eiichiro Nakamura, +5 authors Beate Lanske
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
- 2007
Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is essential for chondrocyte and osteoblast proliferation/differentiation during prenatal endochondral bone formation. The early lethality of various Ihh-ablated mutant mice, however, prevented further analysis of its role in postnatal bone growth and development. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of a… (More)
- M A Ros, G E Lyons, S Mackem, J F Fallon
- Developmental biology
- 1994
Recombinant limb buds constructed of an ectodermal jacket containing dissociated anterior wing bud mesoderm cells form limb-like structures lacking anteroposterior polarity. Polarity can be restored by implanting a small piece of polarizing region into the recombinant limb. We used recombinant limbs to study expression of Msx1 and Msx2 and 5' Hoxd genes in… (More)
- V Knezevic, M Ranson, S Mackem
- Developmental biology
- 1995
Gnot1, a Not (for notochord) family homeobox gene, is expressed in the chick pregastrulation blastoderm. Gnot1 expression in the epiblast is upregulated as the posteriorly derived hypoblast moves forward anteriorly to form a layer beneath it, which is of particular interest considering the known inductive role of the hypoblast in axis formation in the… (More)


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The Gold Pack is a product in the Redakai game. This pack is only sold in hobby stores. Each pack includes one Rare Card and 1 of 20 exclusive Cards only available in a Gold Pack.
Exclusive Cards
- Circuits - Red Machine
- Fractus - Red Elemental
- Ocelot - Gold Animal
- Riptide - Green Elemental
- Silverbaxx - Blue Animal


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Alex Hatchman
Chief Operating Officer
Alex has over 10 years' experience as a senior executive, specialising in running and transforming large retail operations. Before joining Fletchers Alex worked for Coles in Australia, as the General Manager of Stores Transformation. Prior to this she was the Head of Food Logistics & Supply Chain at Marks & Spencer. Alex started her career with Accenture, where she spent 7 years advising clients on all matters relating to end-to-end supply chains, principally within the areas of Consumer Goods and Retail.