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Authors/Thomas Aquinas/Summa Theologiae/Part IIb/Q103
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|IIª-IIae q. 103 pr. Deinde considerandum est de partibus observantiae. Et primo, de dulia, quae exhibet honorem, et cetera ad hoc pertinentia, personis superioribus; secundo, de obedientia, per quam earum obeditur imperio. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum honor sit aliquid spirituale, vel corporale. Secundo, utrum honor debeatur solis superioribus. Tertio, utrum dulia, cuius est exhibere honorem et cultum superioribus, sit specialis virtus a latria distincta. Quarto, utrum per species distinguatur.
|Question 103. Dulia 1. Is honor a spiritual or a corporal thing? 2. Is honor due to those only who are in a higher position? 3. Is dulia, which pays honor and worship to those who are above us, a special virtue, distinct from latria? 4. Does it contain several species?
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 1 Ad primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod honor non importet aliquid corporale. Honor enim est exhibitio reverentiae in testimonium virtutis, ut potest accipi a philosopho, in I Ethic. Sed exhibitio reverentiae est aliquid spirituale, revereri enim est actus timoris, ut supra habitum est. Ergo honor est aliquid spirituale.
|Objection 1. It seems that honor does not denote something corporal. For honor is showing reverence in acknowledgment of virtue, as may be gathered from the Philosopher (Ethic. i, 5). Now showing reverence is something spiritual, since to revere is an act of fear, as stated above (81, 2, ad 1). Therefore honor is something spiritual.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 2 Praeterea, secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., honor est praemium virtutis. Virtutis autem, quae principaliter in spiritualibus consistit, praemium non est aliquid corporale, cum praemium sit potius merito. Ergo honor non consistit in corporalibus.
|Objection 2. Further, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. iv, 3), "honor is the reward of virtue." Now, since virtue consists chiefly of spiritual things, its reward is not something corporal, for the reward is more excellent than the merit. Therefore honor does not consist of corporal things.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 arg. 3 Praeterea, honor a laude distinguitur, et etiam a gloria. Sed laus et gloria in exterioribus consistunt. Ergo honor consistit in interioribus et spiritualibus.
|Objection 3. Further, honor is distinct from praise, as also from glory. Now praise and glory consist of external things. Therefore honor consists of things internal and spiritual.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 s. c. Sed contra est quod Hieronymus, exponens illud I ad Tim. V, qui bene praesunt presbyteri duplici honore etc., dicit, honor in praesentiarum vel pro eleemosyna, vel pro munere accipitur. Utrumque autem horum ad corporalia pertinet. Ergo honor in corporalibus consistit.
|On the contrary, Jerome in his exposition of 1 Timothy 5:3, "Honor widows that are widows indeed," and (1 Timothy 5:17), "let the priests that rule well be esteemed worthy of double honor" etc. says (Ep. ad Ageruch.): "Honor here stands either for almsgiving or for remuneration." Now both of these pertain to corporal things. Therefore honor consists of corporal things.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 co. Respondeo dicendum quod honor testificationem quandam importat de excellentia alicuius, unde homines qui volunt honorari, testimonium suae excellentiae quaerunt, ut per philosophum patet, in I et VIII Ethic. Testimonium autem redditur vel coram Deo, vel coram hominibus. Coram Deo quidem, qui inspector est cordium, testimonium conscientiae sufficit. Et ideo honor quoad Deum potest consistere in solo interiori motu cordis, dum scilicet aliquis recogitat vel Dei excellentiam, vel etiam alterius hominis coram Deo. Sed quoad homines aliquis non potest testimonium ferre nisi per aliqua signa exteriora, vel verborum, puta cum aliquis ore pronuntiat excellentiam alicuius; vel factis, sicut inclinationibus, obviationibus, et aliis huiusmodi; vel etiam exterioribus rebus, puta in exenniorum vel munerum oblatione, aut imaginum institutione, vel aliis huiusmodi. Et secundum hoc, honor in signis exterioribus et corporalibus consistit.
|I answer that, Honor denotes a witnessing to a person's excellence. Therefore men who wish to be honored seek a witnessing to their excellence, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. i, 5; viii, 8). Now witness is borne either before God or before man. Before God, Who is the searcher of hearts, the witness of one's conscience suffices. wherefore honor, so far as God is concerned, may consist of the mere internal movement of the heart, for instance when a man acknowledges either God's excellence or another man's excellence before God. But, as regards men, one cannot bear witness, save by means of signs, either by words, as when one proclaims another's excellence by word of mouth, or by deeds, for instance by bowing, saluting, and so forth, or by external things, as by offering gifts, erecting statues, and the like. Accordingly honor consists of signs, external and corporal.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 1 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod reverentia non est idem quod honor, sed ex una parte est principium motivum ad honorandum, inquantum scilicet aliquis ex reverentia quam habet ad aliquem, eum honorat; ex alia vero parte est honoris finis, inquantum scilicet aliquis ad hoc honoratur ut in reverentia habeatur ab aliis.
|Reply to Objection 1. Reverence is not the same as honor: but on the one hand it is the primary motive for showing honor, in so far as one man honors another out of the reverence he has for him; and on the other hand, it is the end of honor, in so far as a person is honored in order that he may be held in reverence by others.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 2 Ad secundum dicendum quod, sicut philosophus ibidem dicit, honor non est sufficiens virtutis praemium, sed nihil potest esse in humanis rebus et corporalibus maius honore, inquantum scilicet ipsae corporales res sunt signa demonstrativa excellentis virtutis. Est autem debitum bono et pulchro ut manifestetur, secundum illud Matth. V, neque accendunt lucernam et ponunt eam sub modio, sed super candelabrum, ut luceat omnibus qui in domo sunt, et pro tanto praemium virtutis dicitur honor.
|Reply to Objection 2. According to the Philosopher (Ethic. iv, 3), honor is not a sufficient reward of virtue: yet nothing in human and corporal things can be greater than honor, since these corporal things themselves are employed as signs in acknowledgment of excelling virtue. It is, however, due to the good and the beautiful, that they may be made known, according to Matthew 5:15, "Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but upon a candlestick, that it may shine to all that are in the house." In this sense honor is said to be the reward of virtue.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 1 ad 3 Ad tertium dicendum quod laus distinguitur ab honore dupliciter. Uno modo, quia laus consistit in solis signis verborum, honor autem in quibuscumque exterioribus signis. Et secundum hoc, laus in honore includitur. Alio modo, quia per exhibitionem honoris testimonium reddimus de excellentia bonitatis alicuius absolute, sed per laudem testificamur de bonitate alicuius in ordine ad finem, sicut laudamus bene operantem propter finem; honor autem est etiam optimorum, quae non ordinantur ad finem, sed iam sunt in fine; ut patet per philosophum, in I Ethic. Gloria autem est effectus honoris et laudis. Quia ex hoc quod testificamur de bonitate alicuius, clarescit eius bonitas in notitia plurimorum. Et hoc importat nomen gloriae, nam gloria dicitur quasi claria. Unde Rom. I, dicit quaedam Glossa Ambrosii quod gloria est clara cum laude notitia.
|Reply to Objection 3. Praise is distinguished from honor in two ways. First, because praise consists only of verbal signs, whereas honor consists of any external signs, so that praise is included in honor. Secondly, because by paying honor to a person we bear witness to a person's excelling goodness absolutely, whereas by praising him we bear witness to his goodness in reference to an end: thus we praise one that works well for an end. On the other hand, honor is given even to the best, which is not referred to an end, but has already arrived at the end, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. i, 5). Glory is the effect of honor and praise, since the result of our bearing witness to a person's goodness is that his goodness becomes clear to the knowledge of many. The word "glory" signifies this, for "glory" is the same as kleria, wherefore a gloss of Augustine on Romans 16:27 observes that glory is "clear knowledge together with praise."
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 1 Ad secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod honor non proprie debeatur superioribus. Angelus enim est superior quolibet homine viatore, secundum illud Matth. XI, qui minor est in regno caelorum, est maior Ioanne Baptista. Sed Angelus prohibuit Ioannem volentem se honorare, ut patet Apoc. ult. Ergo honor non debetur superioribus.
|Objection 1. It seems that honor is not properly due to those who are above us. For an angel is above any human wayfarer, according to Matthew 11:11, "He that is lesser in the kingdom of heaven is greater than John the Baptist." Yet an angel forbade John when the latter wished to honor him (Apocalypse 22:10). Therefore honor is not due to those who are above us.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 2 Praeterea, honor debetur alicui in testimonium virtutis, ut dictum est. Sed quandoque contingit quod superiores non sunt virtuosi. Ergo eis non debetur honor. Sicut nec Daemonibus, qui tamen superiores sunt nobis ordine naturae.
|Objection 2. Further, honor is due to a person in acknowledgment of his virtue, as stated above (1; 63, 3). But sometimes those who are above us are not virtuous. Therefore honor is not due to them, as neither is it due to the demons, who nevertheless are above us in the order of nature.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 3 Praeterea, apostolus dicit, Rom. XII, honore invicem praevenientes. Et I Pet. II, omnes honorate. Sed hoc non esset servandum si solis superioribus honor deberetur. Ergo honor non debetur proprie superioribus.
|Objection 3. Further, the Apostle says (Romans 12:10): "With honor preventing one another," and we read (1 Peter 2:17): "Honor all men." But this would not be so if honor were due to those alone who are above us. Therefore honor is not due properly to those who are above us.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 arg. 4 Praeterea, Tobiae I dicitur quod Tobias habebat decem talenta ex his quibus erat honoratus a rege. Legitur etiam Esther VI, quod Assuerus honoravit Mardochaeum, et coram eo fecit clamari, hoc honore dignus est quem rex honorare voluerit. Ergo honor exhibetur etiam inferioribus. Et ita non videtur quod honor proprie superioribus debeatur.
|Objection 4. Further, it is written (Tobit 1:16) that Tobias "had ten talents of silver of that which he had been honored by the king": and we read (Esther 6:11) that Assuerus honored Mardochaeus, and ordered it to be proclaimed in his presence: "This honor is he worthy of whom the king hath a mind to honor." Therefore honor is paid to those also who are beneath us, and it seems, in consequence, that honor is not due properly to those who are above us.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 s. c. Sed contra est quod philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod honor debetur optimis.
|On the contrary, The Philosopher says (Ethic. i, 12) that "honor is due to the best."
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 co. Respondeo dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, honor nihil est aliud quam quaedam protestatio de excellentia bonitatis alicuius. Potest autem alicuius excellentia considerari non solum per comparationem ad honorantem, ut scilicet sit excellentior eo qui honoratur, sed etiam secundum se, vel per comparationem ad aliquos alios. Et secundum hoc, honor semper debetur alicui propter aliquam excellentiam vel superioritatem. Non enim oportet quod ille qui honoratur sit excellentior honorante, sed forte quibusdam aliis; vel etiam ipso honorante quantum ad aliquid, et non simpliciter.
|I answer that, As stated above (Article 1), honor is nothing but an acknowledgment of a person's excelling goodness. Now a person's excellence may be considered, not only in relation to those who honor him, in the point of his being more excellent than they, but also in itself, or in relation to other persons, and in this way honor is always due to a person, on account of some excellence or superiority. For the person honored has no need to be more excellent than those who honor him; it may suffice for him to be more excellent than some others, or again he may be more excellent than those who honor him in some respect and not simply.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 1 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod Angelus prohibuit Ioannem non a quacumque honoratione, sed ab honoratione adorationis latriae, quae debetur Deo. Vel etiam ab honoratione duliae, ut ostenderet ipsius Ioannis dignitatem, qua per Christum erat Angelis adaequatus, secundum spem gloriae filiorum Dei. Et ideo nolebat ab eo adorari tanquam superior.
|Reply to Objection 1. The angel forbade John to pay him, not any kind of honor, but the honor of adoration and latria, which is due to God. Or again, he forbade him to pay the honor of dulia, in order to indicate the dignity of John himself, for which Christ equaled him to the angels "according to the hope of glory of the children of God": wherefore he refused to be honored by him as though he were superior to him.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 2 Ad secundum dicendum quod si praelati sunt mali, non honorantur propter excellentiam propriae virtutis, sed propter excellentiam dignitatis, secundum quam sunt Dei ministri. Et in eis etiam honoratur tota communitas, cui praesunt. Daemones autem sunt irrevocabiliter mali, et pro inimicis habendi magis quam honorandi.
|Reply to Objection 2. A wicked superior is honored for the excellence, not of his virtue but of his dignity, as being God's minister, and because the honor paid to him is paid to the whole community over which he presides. As for the demons, they are wicked beyond recall, and should be looked upon as enemies, rather than treated with honor.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 3 Ad tertium dicendum quod in quolibet invenitur aliquid ex quo potest aliquis eum superiorem reputare, secundum illud Philipp. II in humilitate superiores invicem arbitrantes. Et secundum hoc etiam omnes se invicem debent honore praevenire.
|Reply to Objection 3. In every man is to be found something that makes it possible to deem him better than ourselves, according to Philippians 2:3, "In humility, let each esteem others better than themselves," and thus, too, we should all be on the alert to do honor to one another.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 2 ad 4 Ad quartum dicendum quod privatae personae interdum honorantur a regibus, non quia sint eis superiores secundum ordinem dignitatis, sed propter aliquam excellentiam virtutis ipsarum. Et secundum hoc honorati sunt Tobias et Mardochaeus a regibus.
|Reply to Objection 4. Private individuals are sometimes honored by kings, not that they are above them in the order of dignity but on account of some excellence of their virtue: and in this way Tobias and Mardochaeus were honored by kings.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 1 Ad tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod dulia non sit specialis virtus a latria distincta. Quia super illud Psalm., domine Deus meus, in te speravi, dicit Glossa, domine omnium per potentiam, cui debetur dulia, Deus per creationem, cui debetur latria. Sed non est distincta virtus quae ordinatur in Deum secundum quod est dominus, et secundum quod est Deus. Ergo dulia non est virtus distincta a latria.
|Objection 1. It seems that dulia is not a special virtue distinct from latria. For a gloss on Psalm 7:1, "O Lord my God, in Thee have I put my trust," says: "Lord of all by His power, to Whom dulia is due; God by creation, to Whom we owe latria." Now the virtue directed to God as Lord is not distinct from that which is directed to Him as God. Therefore dulia is not a distinct virtue from latria.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 2 Praeterea, secundum philosophum, in VIII Ethic., amari simile est ei quod est honorari. Sed eadem est virtus caritatis qua amatur Deus, et qua amatur proximus. Ergo dulia, qua honoratur proximus, non est alia virtus a latria, qua honoratur Deus.
|Objection 2. Further, according to the Philosopher (Ethic. viii, 8), "to be loved is like being honored." Now the charity with which we love God is the same as that whereby we love our neighbor. Therefore dulia whereby we honor our neighbor is not a distinct virtue from latria with which we honor God.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 arg. 3 Praeterea, idem est motus quo aliquis movetur in imaginem, et in rem cuius est imago. Sed per duliam honoratur homo inquantum est ad Dei imaginem, dicitur enim Sap. II, de impiis quod non iudicaverunt honorem animarum sanctarum, quoniam Deus creavit hominem inexterminabilem, et ad imaginem suae similitudinis fecit illum. Ergo dulia non est alia virtus a latria, qua honoratur Deus.
|Objection 3. Further, the movement whereby one is moved towards an image is the same as the movement whereby one is moved towards the thing represented by the image. Now by dulia we honor a man as being made to the image of God. For it is written of the wicked (Wisdom 2:22-23) that "they esteemed not the honor of holy souls, for God created man incorruptible, and to the image of His own likeness He made him." Therefore dulia is not a distinct virtue from latria whereby God is honored.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 s. c. Sed contra est quod Augustinus dicit, X de Civ. Dei, quod alia est servitus quae debetur hominibus, secundum quam praecepit apostolus servos dominis suis subditos esse, quae scilicet Graece dulia dicitur, alia vero latria, quae dicitur servitus pertinens ad colendum Deum.
|On the contrary, Augustine says (De Civ. Dei x), that "the homage due to man, of which the Apostle spoke when he commanded servants to obey their masters and which in Greek is called dulia, is distinct from latria which denotes the homage that consists in the worship of God."
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 co. Respondeo dicendum quod, secundum ea quae supra dicta sunt, ubi est alia ratio debiti, ibi necesse est quod sit alia virtus quae debitum reddat. Alia autem ratione debetur servitus Deo, et homini, sicut alia ratione dominum esse competit Deo, et homini. Nam Deus plenarium et principale dominium habet respectu totius et cuiuslibet creaturae, quae totaliter eius subiicitur potestati, homo autem participat quandam similitudinem divini dominii, secundum quod habet particularem potestatem super aliquem hominem vel super aliquam creaturam. Et ideo dulia, quae debitam servitutem exhibet homini dominanti, alia virtus est a latria, quae exhibet debitam servitutem divino dominio. Et est quaedam observantiae species. Quia per observantiam honoramus quascumque personas dignitate praecellentes, per duliam autem proprie sumptam servi suos dominos venerantur; dulia enim Graece servitus dicitur.
|I answer that, According to what has been stated above (Question 101, Article 3), where there are different aspects of that which is due, there must needs be different virtues to render those dues. Now servitude is due to God and to man under different aspects: even as lordship is competent to God and to man under different aspects. For God has absolute and paramount lordship over the creature wholly and singly, which is entirely subject to His power: whereas man partakes of a certain likeness to the divine lordship, forasmuch as he exercises a particular power over some man or creature. Wherefore dulia, which pays due service to a human lord, is a distinct virtue from latria, which pays due service to the lordship of God. It is, moreover, a species of observance, because by observance we honor all those who excel in dignity, while dulia properly speaking is the reverence of servants for their master, dulia being the Greek for servitude.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 1 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod sicut religio per excellentiam dicitur pietas, inquantum Deus est per excellentiam pater; ita etiam latria per excellentiam dicitur dulia, inquantum Deus excellenter est dominus. Non autem creatura participat potentiam creandi, ratione cuius Deo debetur latria. Et ideo Glossa illa distinxit, attribuens latriam Deo secundum creationem, quae creaturae non communicatur; duliam vero secundum dominium, quod creaturae communicatur.
|Reply to Objection 1. Just as religion is called piety by way of excellence, inasmuch as God is our Father by way of excellence, so again latria is called dulia by way of excellence, inasmuch as God is our Lord by way of excellence. Now the creature does not partake of the power to create by reason of which latria is due to God: and so this gloss drew a distinction, by ascribing latria to God in respect of creation, which is not communicated to a creature, but dulia in respect of lordship, which is communicated to a creature.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 2 Ad secundum dicendum quod ratio diligendi proximum Deus est, non enim diligimus per caritatem in proximo nisi Deum, et ideo eadem caritas est qua diligitur Deus, et proximus. Sunt tamen aliae amicitiae, differentes a caritate, secundum alias rationes quibus homines amantur. Et similiter, cum sit alia ratio serviendi Deo et homini, aut honorandi utrumque, non est eadem virtus latria et dulia.
|Reply to Objection 2. The reason why we love our neighbor is God, since that which we love in our neighbor through charity is God alone. Wherefore the charity with which we love God is the same as that with which we love our neighbor. Yet there are other friendships distinct from charity, in respect of the other reasons for which a man is loved. On like manner, since there is one reason for serving God and another for serving man, and for honoring the one or the other, latria and dulia are not the same virtue.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 3 ad 3 Ad tertium dicendum quod motus qui est in imaginem inquantum est imago, refertur in rem cuius est imago, non tamen omnis motus qui est in imaginem est in eam inquantum est imago. Et ideo quandoque est alius specie motus in imaginem, et motus in rem. Sic ergo dicendum est quod honor vel subiectio duliae respicit absolute quandam hominis dignitatem. Licet enim secundum illam dignitatem sit homo ad imaginem vel similitudinem Dei, non tamen semper homo, quando reverentiam alteri exhibet, refert hoc actu in Deum. Vel dicendum quod motus qui est in imaginem quodammodo est in rem, non tamen motus qui est in rem oportet quod sit in imaginem. Et ideo reverentia quae exhibetur alicui inquantum est ad imaginem, redundat quodammodo in Deum, alia tamen est reverentia quae ipsi Deo exhibetur, quae nullo modo pertinet ad eius imaginem.
|Reply to Objection 3. Movement towards an image as such is referred to the thing represented by the image: yet not every movement towards an image is referred to the image as such, and consequently sometimes the movement to the image differs specifically from the movement to the thing. Accordingly we must reply that the honor or subjection of dulia regards some dignity of a man absolutely. For though, in respect of that dignity, man is made to the image or likeness of God, yet in showing reverence to a person, one does not always refer this to God actually. Or we may reply that the movement towards an image is, after a fashion, towards the thing, yet the movement towards the thing need not be towards its image. Wherefore reverence paid to a person as the image of God redounds somewhat to God: and yet this differs from the reverence that is paid to God Himself, for this in no way refers to His image.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 1 Ad quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod dulia habeat diversas species. Per duliam enim exhibetur honor proximo. Diversa autem ratione honorantur diversi proximi, sicut rex, pater et magister, ut patet per philosophum, in IX Ethic. Cum ergo diversa ratio obiecti diversificet speciem virtutis, videtur quod dulia dividatur in virtutes specie differentes.
|Objection 1. It seems that dulia has various species. For by dulia we show honor to our neighbor. Now different neighbors are honored under different aspects, for instance king, father and master, as the Philosopher states (Ethic. ix, 2). Since this difference of aspect in the object differentiates the species of virtue, it seems that dulia is divided into specifically different virtues.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 2 Praeterea, medium differt specie ab extremo, sicut pallidum ab albo et nigro. Sed hyperdulia videtur esse medium inter latriam et duliam, exhibetur enim creaturis quae habent specialem affinitatem ad Deum, sicut beatae virgini inquantum est mater Dei. Ergo videtur quod duliae sint species differentes, una quidem dulia simpliciter, alia vero hyperdulia.
|Objection 2. Further, the mean differs specifically from the extremes, as pale differs from white and black. Now hyperdulia is apparently a mean between latria and dulia: for it is shown towards creatures having a special affinity to God, for instance to the Blessed Virgin as being the mother of God. Therefore it seems that there are different species of dulia, one being simply dulia, the other hyperdulia.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 arg. 3 Praeterea, sicut in creatura rationali invenitur imago Dei, ratione cuius honoratur, ita etiam in creatura irrationali invenitur vestigium Dei. Sed alia ratio similitudinis importatur in nomine imaginis, et in nomine vestigii. Ergo etiam oportet secundum hoc diversas species duliae attendi, praesertim cum quibusdam irrationabilibus creaturis honor exhibeatur, sicut ligno sanctae crucis, et aliis huiusmodi.
|Objection 3. Further, just as in the rational creature we find the image of God, for which reason it is honored, so too in the irrational creature we find the trace of God. Now the aspect of likeness denoted by an image differs from the aspect conveyed by a trace. Therefore we must distinguish a corresponding difference of dulia: and all the more since honor is shown to certain irrational creatures, as, for instance, to the wood of the Holy Cross.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 s. c. Sed contra est quod dulia contra latriam dividitur. Latria autem non dividitur per diversas species. Ergo nec dulia.
|On the contrary, Dulia is condivided with latria. But latria is not divided into different species. Neither therefore is dulia.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 co. Respondeo dicendum quod dulia potest accipi dupliciter. Uno modo, communiter, secundum quod exhibet reverentiam cuicumque homini, ratione cuiuscumque excellentiae. Et sic continet sub se pietatem et observantiam, et quamcumque huiusmodi virtutem quae homini reverentiam exhibet. Et secundum hoc habebit partes specie diversas. Alio modo potest accipi stricte, prout secundum eam servus reverentiam exhibet domino, nam dulia servitus dicitur, ut dictum est. Et secundum hoc non dividitur in diversas species, sed est una specierum observantiae, quam Tullius ponit, eo quod alia ratione servus reveretur dominum, miles ducem, discipulus magistrum, et sic de aliis huiusmodi.
|I answer that, Dulia may be taken in two ways. On one way it may be taken in a wide sense as denoting reverence paid to anyone on account of any kind of excellence, and thus it comprises piety and observance, and any similar virtue whereby reverence is shown towards a man. Taken in this sense it will have parts differing specifically from one another. On another way it may be taken in a strict sense as denoting the reverence of a servant for his lord, for dulia signifies servitude, as stated above (Article 3). Taken in this sense it is not divided into different species, but is one of the species of observance, mentioned by Tully (De Invent. Rhet. ii), for the reason that a servant reveres his lord under one aspect, a soldier his commanding officer under another, the disciple his master under another, and so on in similar cases.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 1 Ad primum ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de dulia communiter sumpta.
|Reply to Objection 1. This argument takes dulia in a wide sense.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 2 Ad secundum dicendum quod hyperdulia est potissima species duliae communiter sumptae. Maxima enim reverentia debetur homini ex affinitate quam habet ad Deum.
|Reply to Objection 2. Hyperdulia is the highest species of dulia taken in a wide sense, since the greatest reverence is that which is due to a man by reason of his having an affinity to God.
|IIª-IIae q. 103 a. 4 ad 3 Ad tertium dicendum quod creaturae irrationali in se consideratae non debetur ab homine aliqua subiectio vel honor, quin potius omnis talis creatura est naturaliter homini subiecta. Quod autem crux Christi honoretur, hoc fit eodem honore quo Christus honoratur, sicut purpura regis honoratur eodem honore quo rex, ut Damascenus dicit, in IV libro.
|Reply to Objection 3. Man owes neither subjection nor honor to an irrational creature considered in itself, indeed all such creatures are naturally subject to man. As to the Cross of Christ, the honor we pay to it is the same as that which we pay to Christ, just as the king's robe receives the same honor as the king himself, according to Damascene (De Fide Orth. iv).
- [[]]


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As a member of the Youth Company of the School of the Garden State Ballet, s he will be performing at the new Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark in a collaborative "Nutcracker" featuring the New Jersey Symphony, American Repertory Ballet Company and the School of the Garden State Ballet. In addition, Strelec will be performing throughout New Jersey with the Youth Company's Annual Product ion of the "Nutcracker Sweets." The 65 member troupe is comprised of students from the school's branches in Morristown, Newark and Rutherford.
Ballet dancer Strelec appears in two 'Nutcrackers'
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Ron in Ivybridge: "Hi, wanted a robust guillotine to cut multiple pages and found just what I wanted on this website from a huge range advertised. Delivery was next day. Amazingly good service. "21 Feb 2012
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Open Source SoftwareHere I'm listing some of the Open Source Software projects I've been looking at, worked with or developed for:
- TWiki
- foswiki
- libjpeg
- libpng
- pcre
- boost
- mingw
- MeshLab
- ThumbView
- Symbian
- Desktop OpenGL|ES
- DevIL an Open Image Library
- The Mesa 3D Graphics Library
- Swish-e: Simple Web Indexing System for Humans - Enhanced
- NAudio - C# Audio Library
- Media Portal - The Open Source Media Center
- GamePlay - Free, open-source, cross-platform, 2D + 3D game framework
- SageThumbs - Powerful Windows shell extension allowing to preview images. Notably TGA Thumbs preview for Windows 7. (untested)
- Inkscape - Inkscape is a professional vector graphics editor. (bloated, good for rendering to PNG)
- Managed, Native, and COM Interop Team - P/Invoke Interop Assistant and other tools for C# interop.
- The spacenav project provides a free compatible alternative, to the proprietary 3Dconnexion device driver - 3D Mouse driver
- Windows Screenshot to file utility - PrintScreen? intercept and manual cropping mode supported.
- libcec - Provides support for Pulse-Eight's USB-CEC adapter and other CEC capable hardware, like the Raspberry Pi.


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Lily is a goof, like a lot of dogs, and pretty much every Boxer I've ever met. She sleeps on her back a lot, waits for the cat to enjoy her food and water before she partakes, and sleeps directly on top of houseguests. She's a favorite subject of mine because of her idiosynchratic, goofy nature, as well as her uncanny ability to actually perk up and recognize that the camera puts her at the center of attention. She just celebrated her 2nd birthday by sharing cake and Slim Jims™ with me. Her mom was not impressed, worried that the Slim Jims™ would wreak gastrointestinal havoc (they didn't), and upset that "sharing" cake actually meant Lily standing against the countertop to lick frosting off a cake actually prepared for MY birthday, which was the following day. I love Lily.
Tag Archives: dog
Maggie the "Piggy"
Maggie is a very photogenic pup. She's extremely high-energy and will run until her legs get noodly and she falls over. She's also the only one that can wear out my boxer.
My Girl
Lily Is one of my favorite subjects. Not always easy to work with, but….
Lily the Boxer
Lily is my boxer. She's one of my favorite subjects. She'z almost always willing to strike a pose and even has patience when I adjust lighting…or maybe she'z kinda lazy.


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Address: 2550 US Highway 23 S, Alpena, Alpena, Michigan, 49707
Phone Number: 989-354-3942
Address: 2550 US Highway 23 S, Alpena, Alpena, Michigan, 49707
Phone Number: 989-354-3942
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EDO NSW (Environmental Defenders Office NSW) is a community legal centre specialising in public interest environmental law. We help people who want to protect the environment through law.
Our work relies greatly on the commitment of students and professionals who volunteer their time and skills to help protect the environment. EDO NSW runs a volunteer program at our Sydney office and at our Northern Rivers branch office in Lismore.
Lawyers and law students who have studied environmental law are encouraged to join our volunteer program, either by volunteering at EDO NSW in Sydney or Lismore, or by providing pro bono services.
We ask our volunteers to make a commitment to work at least one day per week for at least 3 months.
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Available days: Monday to Friday.
To apply, please send your completed volunteer application form along with your curriculum vitae to our office. We will contact you if a position becomes available.
EDO NSW is able to supervise practical legal training (PLT) students. Priority is given to those who have previously volunteered with us.
Visit the EDO NSW website for more information.


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Regency Redingote Search
The articles posted here are dedicated to the memory of Georgette Heyer in gratitude for the many hours of enjoyment her books have given me. She was an artist with words whose meticulously researched novels never fail to transport me to the Georgian or Regency eras.
© 2008 – 2017
Kathryn Kane, Kalligraph
Copyright Statement
Regency Redingote Tags
Recent Regency Redingote Posts
- Coppicing and Pollarding
- Venetian Blinds Are Not Really Venetian
- Regency Bicentennial: Gaslight Makes Its Debut on the London Stage
- Regency Bicentennial: "Russian Mountains" Come to Paris
- Ackermann's Repository: Patterns of British Manufacture
- Regency Bicentennial: The Passing of Jane Austen
- The Magnificent Swan Service
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Tag Archives: Interior Decor
Coppicing and Pollarding
Coppicing and pollarding are essentially two different methods of pruning trees and large shrubs, both of which have been practiced across Europe for millenia. And both were practiced regularly in Regency Britain, though for slightly different purposes. Most people who … Continue reading
Posted in Oddments Tagged Gardens, Interior Decor, Regency 2 Comments
Venetian Blinds Are Not Really Venetian
And yet, hundreds of them were in use in Venice and across the Continent several decades before the Prince of Wales became Regent. Even before the Regency, these sophisticated window coverings had taken on certain political and economic meanings in … Continue reading
Posted in Household Maintenance Tagged Art, Interior Decor, Regency, Travel 2 Comments
Ackermann's Repository: Patterns of British Manufacture
One of the most popular publications intended for ladies of the upper classes during the Regency was familiarly known as Ackermann's Repository. Those who have perused copies of this publication today may have noted that some of the issues include … Continue reading
Posted in Apparel & Grooming, Furnishings Tagged Art, Books, Clothing, Furniture, Interior Decor, Regency 5 Comments
The Magnificent Swan Service
It is unlikely that any set of dishes today would be described as "magnificent," but the grand Swan Service certainly merits that adjective. Though it was not the first porcelain service ever produced in Europe, when it was created, it … Continue reading
Posted in Garniture Tagged Art, Drinking, Eating, Interior Decor, Regency 4 Comments
When Transferware Came Into Its Own
Transferware is a type of ceramics which have been ornamented by transfer printing. That was a method for decorating ceramics which was invented in England during middle of the eighteenth century. However, the popularity of transferware began to increase significantly … Continue reading
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Before Silver Paper Was Silver
". . . . . . Harriet unfolded the parcel, . . . Within abundance of silver paper was a pretty little Tunbridge-ware box, which Harriet opened: it was well lined with the softest cotton; but, excepting the cotton, … Continue reading
Posted in Household Maintenance Tagged Art, Books, Chocolate, Clothing, Furniture, Interior Decor, Jane Austen, Jewellery, Regency 30 Comments
Sir John Soane's House: A Slice of Regency London
In fact, this historic house museum in the heart of London is closer to its Regency appearance than it has been for more than a century. Over the course of the past seven years, a major renovation has been conducted … Continue reading
Posted in On-Dits Tagged Art, Books, Furniture, Gardens, Interior Decor, Regency, Regency Bicentennial 12 Comments


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|The Show Where Lilith Comes Back
|Season 1, Episode 16
|Air date
|3 February 1994
|Written by
|Ken Levine & David Isaacs
|Directed by
|James Burrows
|Episode guide
| Previous
You Can't Tell A Crook By His Cover
| Next
A Mid-Winter Night's Dream
[edit] Cast and charactersEdit
- Kelsey Grammer – Dr. Frasier Crane
- David Hyde Pierce – Dr. Niles Crane
- John Mahoney – Martin Crane
- Jane Leeves – Daphne Moon
- Peri Gilpin – Roz Doyle
- Dean Erickson - Waiter
- Roger Keller - Waiter
- Timothy Leary - Hank (voice)
- Bebe Neuwirth - Dr. Lilith Sternin
[edit] Plot summaryEdit
Frasier is dealing with a caller, Hank, who seems to be have over-eating problems, and refers them to therapy. At that point, Roz announces there is another caller waiting who disagrees with his advice to Hank. When he tells the caller they are on air, an all-too-familiar voice remarks "Congratulations Frasier, you've done it again! You've led another innocent down one of your dark. dead end Freudian hallways!". From this pointed comment, Frasier quickly realises it is his ex-wife Lilith on the phone, and acknowledges this to his radio audience, commenting they have something of a celebrity on the line. When Lilith asks what he means by this, Frasier glibly replies "Oh they know you!".
Frasier desperately attempts to get Lilith off-air, but his attempts are continually thwarted by Roz, culminating in her suggestion of dinner when Lilith announces she has no plans that evening. Not wishing to appear vindictive to his ex-wife on air, Frasier reluctantly agrees (though not before trying to fire Roz for getting him into this). Back at his apartment, Frasier discovers none of the rest of his family are happy about the arrangement, since Daphne is suffering migraines which she is convinced are due to Lilith's presence, Martin finds her weird and Niles stills resents Lilith sniggering at Maris's vows during their wedding. Lilith arrives and immediately makes her presence felt, by terrifying Eddie, joking about Martin's relationship with Frasier nd sexuality, and to Niles' outrage, making continual, unsubtle digs at Maris's vows.
After Niles, Daphne and Martin have departed, Lilith reveals to Frasier the real reason she came to Seattle: she found a letter that Frasier left in her apartment when he was visiting their son Fredrick the previous month- a letter suggesting they reconcile and get back together. However, Frasier explains that he did write the letter, but almost a year ago, not long after their divorce and before his move to Seattle. Realising she has travelled so far and embarrassed herself for nothing, Lilith quickly leaves.
At Cafe Nervosa the next day, Frasier shows the letter to Niles and confesses that deep down, he still has feelings for Lilith. Realising he wishes to see if there is any possibility of something more, Frasier makes arrangements with Lilith for dinner that evening. However, when Frasier arrives at her hotel to meet her, he discovers Lilith is wearing her hair down; a sight that always gets his passions going. Tempted by Lilith's advances, Frasier kisses his ex-wife passionately; one thing leads to another and before long, the pair are in bed together.
The next morning however, Frasier wakes up with Lilith and instantly regrets what happened, but doesn't dare voice his unease to Lilith. However, when the room service arrives, Lilith comments "This is a mistake". Assuming she's referring to the previous night, Frasier agrees, stating that while last night was "very enjoyable", he also points out that they have both gotten on with their lives; he, for the first time in years, is happy, and for them "to even consider getting back together" would be "just the stupidest thing two people could do!" An astounded Lilith can only reply "I meant the eggs. I ordered poached, not fried."
Frasier desperately tries to back-pedal, but Lilith angrily forces him to confess that those are his true feelings. Lilith begins to cry, but when Frasier apologises for hurting her, she responds:
"I'm not mad at you; I'm mad at me. I don't even know what I'm doing here! I've just been so lonely over the last year, and when I found your letter, it was...it was like a life preserver. I'm raising a child alone. I'm scared—I always thought of myself as a strong and independent person, but the truth is, I'm afraid".
Frasier reassures her that she is "the same strong-willed, dynamic, intelligent woman" whom he married 7 years ago, and that "no matter what the future holds in store for you, you'll handle it.". The pair sit down to breakfast and agree that their marriage wasn't all bad: they did have some good moments, especially Fredrick. In the final moment of the episode, Frasier says, "Even though we're not in love anymore, you were always the most exciting lover I ever had. I think in your heart of hearts that you'd say the same about me." Lilith simply says, "They screwed up the toast, too, I ordered rye," and gives him a sly look.
[edit] Cultural & Historical ReferencesEdit
- Lilith recommends one of Frasier's callers on his radio program to have Behavior Modification to treat his overeating.
- Lilith mentions that she enrolled Fredrick in Chess Camp in the Berkshire Mountains. She then says that Fredrick is learning the "Alhausen-Grob Opening". It is not clear what she meant by that comment. Grob is a reference to famed Swiss chess master Henri Grob.[original research?] Alhausen, however, appears to be a made up name, as it is not the name of any opening or person or place of significance. Lilith may have been referencing Grob's Attack, which is a famous chess opening invented by Grob.
- After reading Frasier's letter to Lilith, both she and Niles observe that Frasier plagiarized the "love will keep us together" from the Captain & Tennille song of the same name.


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Try New Things When You Buy Sample Size Products
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Buy Sample Size Products before Your Next TripBuy sample size products the next time you travel so that you do not need to worry about bringing your entire stock of toiletries with you on the road. Leave your large shampoo and body wash containers at home and instead use sample size versions of your favorite products so that you invest less money and don't have to worry if they are left behind on your vacation. Contact a representative at CheapTravelSizes.com for more information.
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Penguin by Jean Greenhowe
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 132 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
by ellesh Flickr
© ilovewool
© hulld
by blakdove Flickr
From the pattern: The Penguin measures 18cm 7in to the bobble on the top of his cap.
You need a 5mm 1/4in diameter plastic drinking straw with a 'bendy' sction, for the lantern
From the book notes: All the designs are easy to knit from oddements of yarn, using simple stitches and shapins, without complicated gussets or awkward pieces


text:
How honest should parents be with their children if the money situation is tight?
Children are receptive and resilient in the face of change. When speaking to children, always give an explanation of what is going on in the home or at the workplace and why money coming into the home is not as much as it was previously. Consider the child's age and ability to cope with situations before disclosing too many details, though. Explaining to children, not intimidating them, how much money is available for food and expenses aids a child's development. Explanations about cash flow problems will take a little time now but can pay great dividends to the adult of the future.
With more and more parents using credits cards, does the lack of tangible currency and coins confuse children?
Yes. Using cards in a limited manner is important while teaching children about money. Seeing the exchange of notes and coins when buying goods and services allows a child to see the value of these services. This action allows a child to start understanding the "value" of money. However, the "value" of goods and services varies for people. I might value a new pair of expensive shoes over buying a meal, whereas another person may want the meal and a cheaper pair of shoes! As a parent, you have to help your child attach an appropriate "value" to services and goods.
What key money concepts should parents introduce their children to at an early stage?
Earnings: Children need to understand that money is earned by parents and that when people go out to work, an employer is buying their time, experience, skills and talents and paying them in?exchange for the services provided. Children have to be taught that money does not come out of "a hole in the wall on its own".
Expenses: Explain two headers clearly: "Must Pay" and "Money Leftover". Break expenditure into home-running expenses and the money left over. We "must pay" rent or mortgage to be able to stay in a home. We also "must pay" for electricity and petrol, etc. We "must pay" to buy food. When there is "money leftover", some can be saved, some invested and if possible, some put away for a treat for the family, such as a holiday or buying a new television. In my online book Will Jones' Space Adventures & The Money Formula (available online in India at www.brilfin.com), Will's formula for managing money covers all of the above topics.
What are the common mistakes parents make while explaining cash concepts to children?
In good times, it is assumed that the future will also be good. This does not happen, as we are now seeing. Parents must prepare their children for times when cash flow will be slow by not allowing them to spend money on non-essential goodies. They forget to explain why items such as fruits are essential buys and others like chocolates or a bag of crisps are not, especially when money is tight. Explain the goodness of fruits vis-á-vis chocolates, even though both may cost the same.
Christine Thompson-Wells is the UK-based author of the Will Jones series of books.


text:
Creative, Digital & Tech
Our region is home to a thriving creative, digital and tech scene, and the sector is growing faster than ever.
With this rapid acceleration and the growing opportunities in Greater Manchester, specialist support is critical – especially for businesses looking to effectively scale-up and bring new products or services to market.
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We know that in order to grow and support the sector, we need to encourage collaborate across the city. Our network is made up of a unique blend of specialists, including Creative England and The Landing, who work with us to deliver targeted support to businesses in the sector.
Our fully-funded support includes a combination of direct one to one business growth support, peer-to-peer collaboration, and access to cutting-edge information, strategies and techniques.
Over and above, we recognise the power that peer to peer learning has on success in the sector, which is why we are keen to encourage collaboration wherever it can be identified – which will benefit Greater Manchester's digital, creative and tech community as a whole.
Venturefest Manchester 2017
A unique mix of inspirational speakers, interactive workshops, and networking and business opportunities - BOOK NOW at no direct cost to your business.
Venturefest, Bridgewater Hall, Manchester - 14th September. Find out more
What's included
How it works
Expert Advice: We offer direct one-to-one support to businesses who are looking scale up. Starting with a review and provide support with sector-focused business strategy, commercialisation, positioning, routes to market and product and service development.
Programmes & Events: Exciting and powerful programmes for invited eligible business looking to scale and collaborate.
SME in Greater Manchester
Eligibility criteria applies to some support and we can help you check. If you're unsure whether you're eligible, please contact our enquiry team.Contact our enquiry team
Cost to your business
None - it's free to access
This support is fully-funded meaning there's no cost to your business.Find out more about our fully funded support
The Landing
We've partnered with The Landing due to their outstanding track record in delivering high quality, informative events which are calibrated to help support and nurture fast-growing SMEs and ambitious entrepreneurs.
They'll work with us to help tackle a range of business-critical issues through one-to-one mentoring, advice sessions and hands-on practical workshops.
Explore The Landing
Creative England
Creative England has an extensive media network with major brands such as the BBC, Microsoft and Disney among them. They're working with us through ProConnect, a three-year partnership funded by ERDF and the British Film Institute, to support the growth of Greater Manchester's creative industries.Explore Creative England ProConnect
Greater Connected
Greater Connected is a fully-funded intensive scale-up programme for creative, digital & technology SMEs in the Greater Manchester area to grow your business in a new way.
The programme aims to connect you with business that will help you mutually prosper, not compete, through learning days, small coaching sessions and an ongoing alumni community.
Not in the Creative, Digital, & Technology Sector?
Your business can still receive digital and technology advice and support
Use digital technology to grow your business
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We can help you benefit from the huge opportunities that digital technology can bring, transform the ways you work, and future-proof your business in the digital age.Click for further details


text:
>surely, it makes no sense blow up the database with already 100% >classified samples - you even don't do that uncnditional with a >hand-trained database (at least not forever, at the begin it makes sense >to get additional tokens)
I think you misunderstood my question. I meant that as I look at messages to see if I think they should have learned, or not, would one that shows 90-100 spam likely per bayes likely be one that is being skipped due to already being recognized. I am not asking why isn't it learning one like that. Or maybe I misunderstood your answer. >but train every single message which is already classified as expected >would leat to a lot of useless load. blows up the database and makes >bayes-poisioning and the need to purge the whole database and start from >scratch (with thanks to autotraining no available corpus) then >autolearning on it's down does Agree. And I understand that is not how it is designed. >the question of bayes-poisioning is not "if", it's "when and how often" >and hence after 10 years expierience i stopped that nonsense and keep a >currently 120000 messages large corpus of eml-files (HAM AND SPAM) Not arguing the pros and cons of IF one should use it. I only want to make it work, or better said, verify that it IS working. Then I can decide if I want to keep using it. Right now, I've never seen it work. Thus my strong suspicion that is is not working. One thing for sure, it hasn't found a single spam or ham to auto-learn, yet. Which seems unlikely if it were functioning properly. The output of "unavailable" is too ambiguous for me to devise a way to troubleshoot. But I'm not an expert with SA. Thus the plea for assistance in seeing if it is working. If auto-learn isn't working, my expectation is that auto-anything-else isn't working either. Journal maint, etc.


text:
There are total 9 letters in Quaintest, Starting with Q and ending with T.
Total 255 words created by multiple letters combination of Quaintest in English Dictionary.
Quaintest is a scrabble word? Yes (18 Points)
Quaintest has worth 18 Scrabble points. Each letter point as below.
Words that starting with Quaintest
Words that containing Quaintest
Words that ending with Quaintest


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Getting To The Point – Fixtures
Benefits of Using LED Lighting In Your Home Having a home where your comfortable gives one an invaluable feeling. People go a long way to create amazing exterior and interior d?cor. This is understandable because if you are not comfortable at your very home, then where else will you be comfortable. In an effort to create a beautiful atmosphere designers employ a combination of color, lighting and architecture when styling. Several techniques of lighting can be employed when creating an admirable home atmosphere. The beauty of a home is way more than just the structure of the house. On top of the design, people use various lighting techniques to improve the aesthetics. This helps bring out a range of effects. LED lights are steadily becoming more and more popular in home lighting because of their advantages. Below are some of the reasons why you might want to use this particular kind of lighting in your home. They are Highly Durable These lights are capable of withstanding some tough conditions. They are made with quality components, which are resistant to vibrations, shock, or even external impacts. Due to their capacity of resilience, these lights are a work great for outside lighting.
Where To Start with Options and More
LED Lights Help Conserve the Environment
What Has Changed Recently With Fixtures?
With everyone trying so hard to conserve and protect the environment, you should also think about joining the cause if you haven't yet. Conventional lighting bulbs usually employ some dangerous components like mercury, which are harmful to the environment. LED lights don't have such deadly chemicals and this makes them environmentally friendly. Due to this they are capable of reducing carbon footprint by almost 33 percent. Saves on Energy This method of lighting is very efficient when it comes to utilization of energy. 80% of the energy available is saved when one is using LED lighting. This is much better than any other form of conventional light, which only saves up 20%. These lights use very low voltage. This form of lighting is very beneficial because it can be used in remote and rural areas. Having these types of bulbs all over the house is great because you get to spend less on your electric bill at the end of the month. Long Lifespan There is no similarity between this feature and durability. A long lifespan refers to the time period the bulb takes before going off completely. LED lights have lighting diodes that emit low output levels enabling it to last for 22 years without burning out like standard lights. This means that they do not just stop working they instead become a bit dim. One should have a few things in mind when picking a home lighting system. One factor to consider is how cost effective the choice of lighting is. You should go for a lighting system, which is capable of providing beauty and a system that will last too.


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"Armonia", the short film by Natuzzi Italia nominated in the Grand Prix special prize at Cannes Lions
The movie, shot entirely in Puglia, plays a big role in the new communication campaign of the b...
Natuzzi expands its presence in Hungary with a new Natuzzi Italia store in Budapest. The new opening is strategically located in MAXCity, the biggest Budapest's furniture mall in which Natuzzi is already present with a Natuzzi Editions Galeria.
Mr. Anil Kecelioglu, Natuzzi's Vice President Sales East Europe, will be in Budapest to celebrate the new opening and illustrate Natuzzi's collections to a selection of inner decorators, architects and journalists.
The store - with an area of about 600 sqm and no less than 30 room settings - hosts two collections: Natuzzi Italia sofas and beds Collection and Natuzzi Re-vive.
Natuzzi Áruház
Max City, 1. emelet, Tópark u. 1/A.
2045 - Törökbálint
Tel: (23) 510 648
Fax: (23) 510 649
The movie, shot entirely in Puglia, plays a big role in the new communication campaign of the b...
Natuzzi founds the Harmony Club. The global "United for Harmony" campaign uses the web to reach the harmony lovers all over the world
Over twenty new models are about to be unveiled: an invitation to discover, experience and share Harmony
The Natuzzi Americas building is among the most impressive works in the career of the Italian architect
Fabio Novembre transforms the Natuzzi Italia flagship store with a new set-up focused on the dialogue between the Natuzzi's iconic Re-v...


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Short essay on coconut tree
Rated 3/5 based on 11 review
Short essay on coconut tree
Powell's Blog Original Essays Searching for Shinobu by Kelly Luce There was an eagerness to the way Shinobu spoke. He chose his words with great care, as if the act.
Short essay on coconut tree
Diabetes Research Essay Treatment Diabetes & Alternative Diabetes Treatment ★ Diabetes Research Essay ★ ::The 3 Step Trick that Reverses Diabetes Permanently in.
Need help in the kitchen? eHow offers quick and easy recipe ideas and cooking techniques for everyday meals as well as holidays and other celebrations.


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HHS protects the health of all Americans and provides essential human services, especially for those least able to help themselves.
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Homepage of Merck.com, Merck's corporate Web site
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Tons of useful stuff. The men's guide to fitness, sex, women, workouts, weight loss, health, nutrition and muscle building from the world's largest men's magazine.
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NVIDIA have released a new 'beta' driver – 381.09 – and release notes etc. are here: http://www.nvidia.com/download/driverResults.aspx/117002/en-us The driver compiles OK with Kernel 4.10 (tested with 4.10.8) but still requires an 'illegal' patch for 4.11, due to ongoing code licensing … Continue reading
Tag Archives: new driver
NVIDIA driver 375.26 has been released, and details are available here: http://www.nvidia.com/download/driverResults.aspx/112992/en-us I had been experiencing some odd window (KDE5) behaviour with 375.20, and hopefully things might be more stable with this version.. If not, then possibly kwin is to … Continue reading
NVIDIA have released their latest driver – 370.23 – which (finally!) works with Kernel 4.7, without any patches.. The driver fails to compile with Kernel 4.8, but the previous 367.35 patch fixes this (See article here: http://rglinuxtech.com/?p=1788). Tested with 4.8-rc2: … Continue reading
NVIDIA have a new 'long lived branch' driver – 346.59, and – as expected – it installs/loads OK with kernel 4.0-rc7 Brief details here: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/driverResults.aspx/83686/en-us Robert Gadsdon. April 7, 2015. … Continue reading


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There are many reasons that your transaction may fail, despite having a willing seller and an able buyer. You, the buyer, will have very little control over many of these components, but there are some circumstances for which to prepare. You can definitely expect to navigate through an inspection, appraisal, and title process.
It is in your best interest to have an inspection completed. Again, it's good to get a referral for the home inspection. You can have two different inspection companies deliver two totally different reports, so it's a good idea to use a company that you trust to be both thorough and also fair in their depiction of potential issues with the home. When purchasing a used home, it is typical to expect reasonable wear and tear. You, the buyer, should not expect a perfect inspection report, and it is unreasonable to expect that the seller correct every detail or to drop the sale price to accommodate those fine tuning details to your satisfaction. The inspection is to get a realistic snapshot of what you are buying, and to uncover major deal breaker issues.
To some extent, further post-inspection negotiation can overcome some of the inspection findings. Many sellers are willing to correct those issues prior to close. Even big issues can be professionally corrected, so don't freak out if you discover something in your inspection report that causes you uneasy feelings...like mold. Over the years, mold has become a fear invoking word that sends buyers running away screaming for their lives. The truth is, a lot of typical household mold just needs to be cleaned up without harm to any of the occupants. It's totally reasonable for a mold remediation company to come out and assess the damage/danger of the offending mold, and then to recommend a course of action to clear it up. Based on the findings, you will have the opportunity continue with the sale or not. You can have the seller get it handled, or adjust the sale price to accommodate for you to have it handled, or you can back out of the deal. Other possible big issues can be handled the same way. Your inspection is helpful for both parties to achieve a fair sale.
The value of any item is usually determined by how much a buyer is willing to pay for it. When people hear the word "appraisal" they assume that it means the estimated value of any particular item. In real estate, the appraisal isn't actually the value of the property. It is essentially the maximum amount that a financial institution will lend a buyer to pay for the property. You, the buyer, may love the house and you may be willing and able to pay for it. Unfortunately, your opportunity to get a mortgage for the agreed sale price can be destroyed by a low appraisal. In those cases, the seller will either have to drop the price, or the buyer will have to come up with the cash to bridge the difference of their mortgage amount and the sale price. Sometimes the buyer and seller will meet in the middle, and sometimes the deal falls through. The prospective appraisal should be taken into consideration when writing the offer and can even work into your strategy. Your agent should be able to coach you on what to do .
The successful sale of a property is contingent upon many factors. Some others are clearly explained in Contingencies Part 2 of the buyer series.


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Union Posters Crossed the Line, Eighth Circuit Rules -
Why it matters -
A group of Jimmy John's workers lost the protection of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) with a disloyal poster campaign, the U.S. Court of...more
Dutchess Co. Pizzerias Subjected Hispanic Employees to a Hostile Work Environment Because of Their National Origin, Federal Agency Charged -
NEW YORK - A small group of pizzeria restaurants based in Wappinger Falls and...more
Federal Agency Alleges Latina Tractor Driver Demoted After Refusing Supervisor's Sexual Advances -
SEATTLE -The largest grower of organic tree fruit in the United States, Stemilt Growers, and its integrated business,...more
Farmworker Sexually Assaulted and Retaliated Against for Reporting the Conduct, Federal Agency Charges in Lawsuit -
TAMPA, Fla. - Favorite Farms, Inc., a farming business growing a variety of produce in Dover, Fla.,...more
Quid pro quo and hostile environment sex harassment claims—two totally different claims—right? Or are they? While employers draw strict distinctions between these types of sex harassment, courts may not go along, as...more
Owner Abused Four Servers at Greensboro Tex-Mex Restaurant, Federal Agency Charges -
ATLANTA - El Chaparro, Inc., a Tex-Mex restaurant in Covington, Ga., will pay $20,000 to settle a sexual harassment lawsuit brought by...more
Assistant Manager at North Myrtle Beach Location Subjected Two Sisters to Sexual Comments and Touching, Federal Agency Charges -
FLORENCE, S.C. - Green Apple, LLC, dba Applebee's Grill and Bar, violated federal law when...more
Black Employee Subjected to Racial Epithets Almost Daily, Federal Agency Charged -
MOUNT AIRY, N.C. - Hiatt & Mason Enterprises, Inc., a structural steel erection services company, has agreed to pay $35,000 and provide...more
The Third Circuit Court of Appeals has again created a circuit split by disagreeing with decisions from the Fifth and Seventh Circuit Courts of Appeals, which have held that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides...more
In a rather disconnected decision on March 10, the United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled, in the case of Evans v. Georgia Regional Hospital, that while Title VII bars an employer from discriminating...more
Seyfarth Synopsis: The U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals recently held for the first time that the continuing violation doctrine applies even when a plaintiff was subject to harassment that was severe enough to put the...more
In its Proposed Enforcement Guidance on Unlawful Harassment issued on January 10, 2017, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) emphasizes that employers should take a proactive role in preventing harassment,...more
Scottsdale Wine Café Abused Employees Based on Their Actual and Perceived Sexual Orientation, Federal Agency Charges -
PHOENIX - Scottsdale Wine Café, LLC (5th & Wine), a Scottsdale wine bar and restaurant, violated...more
Failure to Intervene Against Harassing Customer Created Hostile Work Environment, EEOC Charged -
CHICAGO - A federal jury has awarded $250,000 in compensatory damages to a former employee of Costco Wholesale, Inc. who...more
Male Employee Was Subjected to a Hostile Work Environment Because of His Sexual Orientation, Federal Agency Charges -
MINNEAPOLIS -- The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) announced today that it has...more
Seyfarth Synopsis: Increasingly, courts have held that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity violates Title VII. Federal district courts in Nevada and Pennsylvania have recently joined their...more
Two recent court decisions highlight the ongoing struggle by federal courts to determine whether Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination based on sexual orientation....more
On November 21, 2016, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") issued enforcement guidance addressing national origin discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title VII"). The EEOC...more
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ('EEOC") has been aggressively advancing its position that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation even though sexual...more
Employees can consider a working environment to be hostile due to sexual conduct, even when the workplace is all male or all female. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and federal courts have long held that...more
WASHINGTON - The Justice Department announced today that it has moved to intervene in Savage et al. v. Pocomoke City et al., a private lawsuit alleging race discrimination and retaliation under Title VII of the Civil Rights...more
Steamboat Springs restaurante que pagar $50,000 (50 mil dolares) por falta de pago de salarios adecuados a Los trabajadores latinos debido a su raza u origen nacional -
DENVER - En Steamboat Springs, Colorado, el...more
Steamboat Springs Restaurant to Pay $50,000 for Failing to Pay Proper Wages to Latino Workers Because of Race or National Origin -
DENVER - A Steamboat Springs, Colo., restaurant has agreed to pay $50,000 to resolve race...more
Server/Cashier at Restaurant Subjected to Sexual Harassment and Then Retaliation for Complaining About It, Federal Agency Charged -
RALEIGH, N.C. - A Goldsboro, N.C., seafood restaurant will pay $81,500 and furnish other...more
Guardsmark Fired Security Guard Working at Michigan Client Location For Opposing Sexual Harassment, Federal Agency Charges -
DETROIT - Security giant Guardsmark has agreed to pay $115,000 and to provide other relief to...more
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Somali pirates hijack vessel
Somali pirates have hijacked a vessel with the intention of using it as a mothership for attacks on larger vessels, say Somali police according to Reuters. This comes shortly after another commercial vessel was hijacked in the region for the first time in five years.
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text: InTouch Organics by FitwearUSA - Set of 2 Capri Leggings $35.00 + Free Shipping Living Social Coupons See Deal Flag this deal Edit deal What's the matter? Choose a reason Dead deal Duplicate Bad link Spam Inaccurate No value Alive again Comments (6) dvinegrace83 Feb 02, 2013 These are kind of like my "everyday pants".. Use them for running quick errands, lounging around, picking kid up from school...so comfy! Reply Cancel dddsss Feb 02, 2013 Yes, for us too. have you tried this brand? Reply Cancel dvinegrace83 Feb 03, 2013 no, i haven't. I see these kinds of pants on sale everywhere, some cheaper than this, but unfortunately that sometimes means the quality is not as good either... Reply Cancel dddsss Feb 08, 2013 but organic ones? [haven't been shopping offline in years] cotton is highly sprayed. Reply Cancel dvinegrace83 Feb 12, 2013 I don't think i've actually tried organic clothing in general. I would think maybe it helps ppl with skin allergies/eczema etc. I'm almost certain the ones I do have are just regular cotton tho.. Reply Cancel tanush6 Feb 02, 2013 looks very elegant. will recomend this to my friends Reply Cancel Load More Comments


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Canberra is Australia's capital and the centre of the Federal Government. The nation's capital has a large number of business, diplomatic, and government activities needing an effective delivery of communication for many Chineses. Different government departments, small businesses and large companies mostly require translation and translator services. Translator .net.au can assist you with Canberra Chinese translator and translation services in any type of document or any matters that require professional Chinese translation. Our agency is recommended in providing fast, accurate, professional Chinese translation services across the country.
If you need a Canberra Chinese translator and Canberra Chinese translation services, then we can assist you. Our Canberra translator service is highly competitive and offers a rapid turnaround time maintaining the accuracy of the translation.
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China is one-fifth of the world's population. Chinese is the most common language in the world. Billions of people speaks the Chinese language as their native tongue. Chinese language comprises a group of related language variations with Cantonese, Wu, Xiang, Hakka, Min, Gan, and Mandarin. The official language of the Republic of China is Mandarin Chinese.
The written Chinese text is referred to as "modern form". It was established by P.R. China in 1949 and was used in the inland of China and Singapore nowadays. The Simplified Chinese or the "modern form" was implemented to increase literacy among the Chinese people. Modern form of Chinese became easier to learn and understand rather than the Traditional Chinese.
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GROUPS visiting Windsor Great Park's Savill Garden in 2013 will be able to see two new sculptures.
'Lie of the Land' is an artwork by New Zealand sculptor John Edgar and is located in the New Zealand Garden.
The award-winning Rose Garden, meanwhile, has a new standing stone feature by the distinguished sculptor Martin Cook. It is made from Welsh slate and carries the verse from a Robert Graves poem, 'How hot the scent is of the summer rose'.
As part of your group's visit to The Savill Garden, you can enjoy a pre-booked Royal Garden Party Afternoon Tea in a private marquee (April to September).
Special value combined visits to Windsor Castle or Frogmore House are also available, together with the popular combined Royal Garden and River Boat Cruise along the River Thames.
For further information telephone 01753 847543


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Low Mileage, Leather Seats, Bluetooth, Rear View Camera, Heated Seats, Heated Steering Wheel! There's simply no better SUV that combines on-road comfort with off-road capability at a great value than the legendary Jeep Grand Cherokee. This 2016 Jeep Grand Cherokee is for sale today in Legal. The Jeep Grand Cherokee is the most awarded SUV ever for good reasons. With numerous best-in-class features and class-exclusive amenities, the Grand Cherokee offers drivers more than the competition. On the outside, it showcases the rugged capability to go off the beaten path while the interior offers technology and comfort beyond what you'd expect in an SUV at this price point. The Jeep Grand Cherokee is second to none when it comes to performance, safety, and style. This low mileage SUV has just 11400 kms. It's black in colour. It has an automatic transmission and is powered by a 3.6L V6 24V MPFI DOHC engine. This vehicle also has the following features: Leather Seats, Bluetooth, Rear View Camera, Heated Seats, Heated Steering Wheel, Remote Start. It has some remaining factory warranty for added peace of mind. Our Grand Cherokee's trim level is Limited. The mid-range Limited trim gives this SUV a satisfying blend of features and value. It comes with four-wheel drive with Selec-Terrain, chrome exterior trim, Uconnect with Bluetooth and SiriusXM, 2 USB ports, heated leather seats, a rearview camera, remote start, a power liftgate, a heated, leather-wrapped steering wheel, aluminum wheels, automatic headlights, a universal garage door opener, and more. To view the original window sticker for this vehicle view this http://www.chrysler.com/hostd/windowsticker/getWindowStickerPdf.do?vin=1C4RJFBG3GC452504 . To apply right now for financing use this link http://www.legalmotors.ca/financing/application.htm Payments from $542.91 monthly with $0 down for 96 months @ 4.99% APR O.A.C. ( Plus applicable taxes - Car Proof included / Total cost of borrowing $9219 ). See dealer for details. Come by and check out our fleet of 30+ used cars and trucks and 70+ new cars and trucks for sale in Legal. o~o Comments Powered by AIM Experts. AMVIC Licensed Dealer
For this vehicle based on mileage, region and options.
This graph compares the vehicle to the average market price for a 2016 Jeep Grand Cherokee in your area based on recent listings on autoTRADER.ca. It is intended only as a guide. Factors such as vehicle condition can affect prices.


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I have decided to tune out of the US Presidential race. I am not tired of Donald Trump's rhetoric or anyone else's, no. I'm tired of being told how the poor poor American people are fed up and angry and that is exactly why they are making a beeline for Donald Trump.
Here is a nation of pampered citizens, born with a sense of entitlement and superiority, swaggering their way to just about any place on earth. Beer-bellied, gun toting rednecks in pickup trucks who, in spite of there being free high schools and vocational diploma courses, do not bother to go to them.
On the other end, there are hard-working, generally law-abiding immigrants, not only standing up on their own two feet but going on to become successful in whatever they do. They recognize the opportunities America provides, while the Trump crowds sit on their front porches and bellyache.
We, the outside world, are supposed to believe that the system is rigged against them. Over the past year, I have seen even college educated Americans constantly harping on how the 'nation is going down the drain', egged on by populists like Sanders and Trump. Do they even care about the 'system' at all?
An American colleague who has been posted in South Asia for years once said this to me….
"we don't really get a perspective on what we have until we spend time away from it. Just like you didn't realize the nuances of your family, how your mother arranged stuff neatly for you or your father made sure your school bag had all the things you needed for the next day, how your school uniform was always ready and ironed and your eggs and toast just the way you wanted them – until you went over to a friend's for a sleepover and realized how dysfunctional his family was.
Similarly, you often don't see what's great about your country until you step outside of it and see how people elsewhere struggle to survive, while in their own way still being happy and satisfied with their lot. Americans expect too much out of their government, without having to lift a finger."
The cacophony surrounding Trump and his supporters reminds me of the truth in my colleague's words.
Here's a few things that Americans have to realize and I am speaking to not only America's rednecks but even moderately educated Americans…..
* Being American is not some kind of golden sash, medal or badge of honor. Folks outside aren't terribly impressed by you, except maybe a handful of really pioneering guys like Elon Musk and Steve Jobs. You might have grown up being taught that you are the best, but a frightening majority of the rest of the world do not think so.
* A majority of human beings around the world do not understand you, nor do they understand why you do the things that you do – like for instance you take a year and half to elect a president, confident that at the end of it you'll have a supestar superman as your president – and what do you do? You elect an ass–le like George W. Bush – not once, but twice.
* From what interaction I have had with Americans (and I have had plenty, at least at work), you come across as folks who demand that we either love you or we hate you. In fact we do neither. So full are you, of your self importance, that like an immature school kid who got a bad grade and got pissed off with his teacher, you believe that the world should always grade you 'excellent'. You may be, in your eyes, but I have some news for you – the world actually does not care that much about you.
* Most of you display an astonishing ignorance about the rest of the world, be it history, geography or political affairs. A Pew Research study done in 2013 showed that 64% of 3000 Americans polled had no idea where Iraq was on the world map. And yet, this is the country that your military has devastated and for no reason at all. A full 73% have no clue as to where on the map Vietnam is. Yet, this was the country where a full 5% of the population was wiped out, fighting your aggression, again, for no reason at all.
So, here's my advice to you – stop bitching, get off your redneck butts and start contributing to the health and welfare of your nation.