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As the entertainment world mourns the sad death of actress and presenter Sophiya Haque, we open up the Asiana archives to share an interview we did with her back in 2005,when the rising star was appearing in the West End musical adaptation of The Far Pavilions.
You either like spending two hours watching people sing to each other as they go about everyday tasks like opening doors ('I'm opening the dooor, are you opening the dooor? Yes I'm opening the dooooor') or they make you want to slam your head against one until your brain leaks out through your ears. Depending on whether stage musicals do it for you or not, you'll either love or forever yearn for the return of those hours spent enduring it.
Whichever way you lean, the one thing you are bound to love is the electrifying sight of Sophiya Haque setting the stage ablaze every time she makes an entrance.
The unquestionable star of the £4 million extravaganza, Sophiya plays the temptress Janoo Rani (a more villainous version of the Rani character she played in Bombay Dreams and every bit the sexpot), proving to all those who questioned her qualifications as a judge on Bollywood Star that she can
act, sing and dance as well as the best of them. While her versatility as an actor will soon be apparent in her forthcoming role in Aamir Khan's The Rising, for now, there's no one better to play the sultry seductress better than Sophiya Haque. She oozes sexuality through every pore and, regardless of the fact that I find her in a baggy sweatshirt with a cigarette dangling from her mouth, she carries her sex appeal off effortless. Passionate about everything from her boyfriend of nine years to her impending movie career, she seems casually unaware of the effect she has on the stage hands, who break out into goofy grins as they pass her by.
And really, after spending a couple of hours in her presence, it's easy to see why everyone keeps making a song and dance over Sophiya Haque. Man, this lady's hot!
That's a damn sexy character you get to play in The Far Pavilions…
Janoo Rani is an extremely strong woman who reaches a level of power that she wouldn't have been able to achieve in that era. So it's natural she's so filled with passion. I don't think she was supposed to be so sexual but she just turned out that way!
You're the star of a £4 million musical and you've only done one show before this. How do you stay cool and not freak out?
Oh I freaked out alright! Not so much this time, but when I was playing Rani in Bombay Dreams I kept asking the directors: 'Are you sure you think I can do this?' I insisted that I started off in the chorus first so I could watch and learn, so that when I took over from Ayesha (Dharker), I was fully prepared. I was terrified of my voice and the lack of experience, but I went in with my major strength – which is to look the part, be confident and strong. Not that I amstrong but I give the impression that I am! I'm sure you need to be pretty strong too to be in a musical…
You need a hell of a lot of stamina and it takes up all your brain power because even when you go home, the songs are still going through your head. Now I know why they say 'my life is theatre'!
Dancing stars in musicals are forever complaining they ended up losing their boobs because of all that vigorous training. How are yours shaping up?
They're doing fine at the moment but I do have help in the form of a heavily padded bra. In The Rising, you'll see my boobs look enormous. But I've got a great big top on with mirrorwork, chicken fillets stuffed down there as well as a heavily padded bra.
In this show you don't seem to be wearing a padded bra. In fact, isn't your top see-through?
I don't want to shatter the whole illusion of costumes but it's designed to look see-through. The outfit I wear for my first dance even has nipples sewn on to the bra!
The things you do for guys, eh? Janoo Rani does everything for her man, only to be spurned for another girl. Sound familiar?
Let's just say I didn't have to delve too far to find inspiration! Before I met my boyfriend Jules, I went out with a string of scumbags. When I went out to Hong Kong at the age of 19, my boyfriend in England phoned up and broke up with me on the phone, but he was thoughtful enough to let me know he was sleeping with his ex-girlfriend again. Then there was the guy who'd disappear for ages only to return when he ran out of money. Man, I could go on…
Janoo Rani has an awful lot of hate in her. Can you relate?
I didn't have a great time in my 20s – I just had awful relationships and it changed me hugely. I'd never experienced hate before but suddenly
I was feeling this new emotion. I remember wanting revenge over this presenter guy who'd taken me to the cleaners – I wanted him dead. I found out he was with someone else while he was going out with me and he stole all my money, so I wanted to have him held hostage until he gave me back every cent! I knew the
people who could do it for me too. Nothing came of it of course, that would be criminal…
You've never chopped up a guy's clothes up into tiny little pieces as retribution?
I've never been one to destroy other guy's things. In fact I've always ruined my own stuff.
That way, when I calm down, it's my mess to clear up. When I'm angry or upset at a guy, things come out in physical ways, like I'll get a hernia or I'll fall sick – my emotional problems manifest themselves in physical form.
Are you a possessive girlfriend?
Not at all! I love watching women fawn all over my boyfriend because he is so adorable. He knows I'm a huge flirt and he also knows that's a part of my personality. But I think he'd like me to be more jealous.
You once said that you'd pretty much cheated on every guy you'd been out with…
I didn't cheat on every boyfriend I ever had and Jules knows he can trust me implicitly. Okay, fair enough when I was younger I tended to have
affairs with people. For instance there was this one guy who I never saw because he used to work all hours of the night. He was my first proper boyfriend and when he came in at six in the morning I'd be sitting there all alone waiting up for him. I was a young girl at the time and yes, I ended up having an affair. So sue me!
Is Jules getting to reap the benefits of your super toned body?
We hardly get to see each other! He used to kiss me goodbye in the morning and his eyelashes tickled my ear but I'm the sort of person who once awake, stays awake, so I've even had to forego my early morning kiss before he went to
work. The theatre is terrible for your sex life! But he's working in India at the moment and I'm totally absorbed with the show, so… oh well.
Fair to say he's your ideal man?
Definitely. I used to have two types of guys. One was a boffin, nerdy style guy who I loved dearly but it wasn't passionate enough, or the other was
the rock-star type who would squash my personality and be a complete arse.
Janoo Rani is a terrible mother. Do you think you'll be good at it?
The older I get, the more I realise how amazing my mother is because my dad wasn't around when I grew up. I think that's the one thing I'd want for my kids – to have a dad – because I missed out on mine when I was growing up. Although I did pick up a terrible gambling habit from mine…
You had a pretty wild childhood, we hear…
Me and my mate used to run away from home once a week, get some money together, dress up to go to the off-licence and buy really cheap booze. Nitro Express – it was a nasty sherry. We'd get on the number 29 bus into town at night and get utterly trashed. We were terrible! I remember picking fag butts off the floor and squashing them together to make one cigarette. And the only people around at that time of night were the tramps – so we'd share the bottles with them. The hygienic implications!
You came to the world of sex early on too.
He was in his 30s and I was in my early teens; he opened up my world. I was absorbed in him for ages but then he started going on about the mistakes I'd make in my life and that's when the magic stopped for me. Because I thought, hang on, I don't want to hear about your mistakes, I want to make my own.People who take too much advice end up making other people's mistakes.
People unanimously say you ooze sex appeal – Have you always known this?
When I was a kid, boys didn't used to fancy me. It wasn't that I was ugly, but I was different-looking and the white boys just didn't go for the dark girl. I never felt sexy or desirable in that way. I think losing my virginity probably made a difference and added an extra element to my dancing. I've seen it happen to so many other dancers and it definitely happened to me!
Do you get the feeling girls don't like you much?
I have a lot of male friends and I found out that pretty much all their girlfriends hated me, even ex-girlfriends from years ago. I thought 'God, I haven't even met half these people' and it made me back away. So now I tend to not open myself up to other girls; I can honestly say I've had about three girlfriends in my entire life. I don't know what it is and I've always had to work doubly hard to make myself appealing to other women. I've got this obsessive need to be liked by everyone…
There seemed to be tension between you and Honey Kalaria on Bollywood Star?
At times, Honey infuriated me! I would have to wait for her to finish before I could speak. She was just driving me nuts because she was being overly complimentary and, towards the end of the second day, I was trying not to listen to her. It was just funny. We had hundreds of people coming to see us and the directors were all lined up on the side saying to her: 'Why are you wasting your time complimenting these people who you know are not going to go through?' But I have to say when she was teaching the girls the dance routines she was absolutely brilliant. She is a really sweet girl and I hate to be mean about her but she's not my type!
Did the tears on Bollywood Star help you cry on stage for The Far Pavilions?
It's strange, because when we did the auditions for Bollywood Star and I had to judge the contestants' acting ability, I didn't think much of being able to cry on cue. But I've also never had to cry before as an actor, but in the scene where I'm rejected, I just found myself welling up with tears and I wasn't summoning them, they were just there. It's like therapy.
Finally, seeing as you've gone for older men in the past and your dashing co-star Kabir Bedi is recently single… well, would you?
(Laughs) Kabir's got his own thing going on for him but I don't do the older man thing anymore! The flirting in the theatre is appalling – it's a very sexy place to be. It stays cheeky and, because everyone has such busy plots, people are getting changed all the time, there are naked bodies everywhere. Just as well I'm happily taken, eh?
Sophiya Haque
(14 June 1971 -16 January 2013)
Interview by Poorna Shetty
Images by Alexandre Pichon


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The Best Time to Travel to Ireland
Ireland, land of verdant valleys, dramatic coastline and sheep herds, is a popular travel destination. But Ireland's seasons are not created equal; summer brings the best weather but also a crush of tourists, while winter is cold and wet but noticeably quieter. Travelers should weigh these variables when choosing travel dates, and consider visiting at the edge of peak season.
Irish Weather
Despite its high latitude, Ireland has relatively mild weather, thanks to its location on the Atlantic Gulf Stream. Winter snow is rare, as is extreme summer heat. January and February are the coldest months, with an average temperature of 7°C. July and August, by contrast, average 16°C, though summer days can reach 30°C. The Gulf Stream also brings lots of rain most of the year; some areas receive rain 270 days of the year. Irish weather can change rapidly over the course of a day, too, and it's not uncommon to experience sun, wind, rain and sleet in a 24-hour period.
Sunny Summers
Summer's sunshine, warmth and long days are ideal, and everyone knows it; July and August are the most popular times to travel to Ireland. Travelers should weigh this when considering visiting the island, as hotels and tours will fill up fast, and popular sights and restaurants will be more crowded than usual. If you choose to visit Ireland in the summer, consider getting an early start to your day to beat the crowds at popular sights, and make reservations as far in advance as possible.
Rainy Winters
Though snow is uncommon in the winter, Ireland's damp cold and biting wind can make traveling uncomfortable. It can be especially difficult to enjoy outdoor sights like the Blarney Castle and the Ring of Kerry in winter. Many towns, lively in the summer, seem like ghost towns in colder months. Travelers will have Ireland to themselves, though, and can witness dramatic storms and rain breaks that bring impressive rainbows.
When to Go
The ideal times to visit Ireland are spring (late March and April) and early Fall (September and early October). You'll avoid the crunch of visitors that can make summer unbearable, but hopefully experience some of that delightful Irish summer weather. It's worth noting that you should always be prepared for rapidly changing weather any time of year, so dress in layers and bring both rain jackets and sunglasses.
Photo Credits
- Goodshoot/Goodshoot/Getty Images


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Friday, September 13, 2013
Your Film LLC Mentor, Alyssa Reum
My name is Alyssa Cristina Reum
I was born and raised in Milwaukee.
I am a wise fool. (sophomore)
I am majoring in nursing.
My LLC is Film.
My experience so far with the Film LLC has been great. They're a crowd with a lot of energy and spirit. They were completely welcoming of my quirky personality and showed me their own quirks. I performed my usual bird calling skit and others showed me their double jointed hands or their ability to lick their own elbow!
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Codex: Astra Militarum Review
By: Heretic Steve
I stayed up late last night reading through Codex: People and I love it. Many things have drastically changed in points or effectiveness. We are going to look through what I think are the pros and cons of the new codex.
Orders have gotten even better in this edition and so have the HQ section of the codex. The command squad can be made overall cheaper or more expensive depending on what our upgrades are. The medic and advisors all dropped in price and Nork Deddog dropped 25pts. Straken went up but now has smash. I cannot wait to kill an assaulting demon prince with one S10 hit. Creed is still good and can issue 3 orders per turn but pound for pound I would pick Straken for some.
Commisars all dropped in price but I would pass because of the other options in the HQ section. However, Yarrick is a beast and can now issue orders, get up every turn, and dropped by 40pts.
The Ministroum Priest and Primaris Psyker can be taken 1-3 per detachment, dropped in points, and skyrocketed in effectiveness. They will be in all AM armies and used as allies everywhere. The priest has new War Hymms for close combat that allow rerolling all saves for his unit, reroll all failed wounds against the enemy unit, or grants smash attacks to himself all for the price of a leadership check. The priest also has zealot (fearless and hatred) and he can take a plasma gun. The Primaris Psyker has access to divination, a force weapon, and an invulnerable save while enjoying a modest drop of nearly 33% of his former points cost.
The Infantry Platoon is slightly different. Power weapons went up by 5pts. Sniper rifles went down by 3pts each. Heavy weapon teams, special weapon teams, and conscripts went down in points to match their effectiveness. Medipacks and heavy flamers dropped in price by half across the codex so expect to see many more of those in the coming months.
Veterans dropped by 10pts a unit but lost krak grenades. The doctrines dropped except for the demolitions. However, if you take demolitions it works out to be 10pts cheaper since you are not paying for the krak grenades you would not have used since they have meltabombs anyway. Glass half full. They can take 3 special weapons but not if they take a heavy weapon or heavy flamer…then they can take 2. That works out if you have them in Chimeras since you can only fire 2 out of the hatch anyway. Fire 2 special weapons on your turn and if they assault then overwatch the heavy flamer.
The best part of the codex for me is the drastic reduction in points for the Leman Russ variants. I am especially excited about the executioner since I have three of them ready for the table since they came out thanks to magnets. All of them saw point reductions except the demolisher. However, the sponson and front weapon also dropped in points to make any variation cheaper.
The tank commander is a new HQ that is several editions late in making the codex and allows Leman Russ tanks to be taken in a squad as an HQ choice. He can issue orders and free up HQ slots for other tanks like the Wyvern, Hydra, and Deathstrike.
The Deathstrike may see the table top in this edition. This bad boy is easier to fire and shoots a 10 inch, ignores cover, barrage, ordnance, S10 AP1 blast. It will wipe out anything underneath the template with T5 or less. After that just use it for tank shocks and to provide a cover save for other units.
The Wyvern is an amazing little gem that will put out 4 twin linked, barrage, shred, ignores cover templates a turn for less than a 5 man tactical squad. Let that sink in for a second. This tank will be all over the table tops to destroy troops and stem the incoming green tide. The Orks will be saying "Waaaaghtdaf#@K!!" as they pick up large numbers of models at a time per Wyvern on the table.
The Hydra and Vendetta got a smacking form the +1 Nerf Bat of Doom. Hydras did drop 5 points but does not ignore jink saves and is now open topped. Vendettas went up 40 points and can only hold 6 men. Will I still field them? Yes, until I get saber defense platforms. What are my other options?
Ogryns, Bullgryns, are Tempestus are too expensive and do not score objectives. The Taurox is a razorback with a dozer blade. How well do those do in 6th edition? Not too great. Let's see what 7th edition or supplements bring for these units.
The Chimera, went up by 10pts. It does have searchlight and smoke launchers but only 2 can fire out. The trade-off is the lasgun arrays can shoot at 2 separate targets from the main guns. This will be great to try and bring down flying monstrous creatures. The Chimera and unit inside can then shoot at a combined 4 targets. That is a possibility of 4 grounding checks per unit. Not too shabby since statistics say you will down 1 out of 3. Once they hit the table, this Codex can destroy them quickly.
Armored Sentinels dropped in price enough to see them on the table with some plasma cannons or autocannons but I would stick to the heavy tanks, troops, and Forgeworld units.
That is my take on the new Astra Militarum Codex. What do you think? What are the hidden gems? I cannot wait to put Kharn the Betrayer in a 50 man blob squad with a priest, Primaris Psyker, and 5 power axes.


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How to put your hair up and make it look like a floating doughnut. 1. Get a long, old sock. Preferably something close to your hair color. Malamang sa asawa, kuya or boyfriend ka makakatagpo, so please make sure it's washed. 2. Lay out the sock and cut out the end so the tube goes through and through. 3. Roll the sock to form a doughnut. 4. Tie your hair into a pony (high, low, sideways, tight or loose..kaw bahala) 5. Put the ponytail thru the doughnut sock you have … [Read more...]
Table Manners
This HAS happened to you: You're eating at a public place, and you're with someone who's seated across you at the table. THEN you notice that the guy/girl in front of you has food stuck between their teeth or has something on their face. ... www.yourseattlesmile.com ... WHAT. DO. YOU. DO? Depende sa situation. Ilang beses na sakin nangyari 'to. Pag hindi ko masyado ka-close, hinahayaan ko lang, and keep wishing in my head that he or she goes to the CR na at makita nya … [Read more...]
Yummy Christmas Gifts
Pasko na!! Feel na feel ko na ang Christmas dahil sa traffic!! Hahaha! If you're thinking of giving something yummy this Christmas, here are some ideas: SHMALLOWS Marshmallow Spread christmas gifts Ang sarap nito ha!! We got the strawberry and mint flavors. The bottles are so cute pa! Baby A especially loves the fish biscuits. Alam niyo na ang obsession ng anak ko sa animals. It's also okay to send it through courier 'coz Shmallows' bottles are … [Read more...]
Holiday Ideas by Tita Frieda
Noong bata ako, ang pangarap ko ay maging abogada. Ngayon na abogada na 'ko, gusto ko na maging housewife!!! (ehem, Papa N) Well, love ko naman yung work ko pero nainggit talaga ako last Friday when I was invited by our friends from Unilab for a Lifestyle Workshop entitled LIFE IN YOUR HANDS held at Alabang Country Club's Main Dining Hall. Especially after we met Mrs. Frieda Colet Lim, the Martha Stewart of the South! Siya na ang peg ko! Tita Frieda (yes, nakiki-close ako) gave us … [Read more...]
Does Age Matter?
Si Papa O nagkuwento na nanood siya ng Eat Bulaga. Sabi ni Joey De Leon... Hindi na po ako Kapuso Hindi na rin po ako Kapatid Isa na po akong Ka-Freddie What's wrong with a 60-year old guy dating a 16-year old? Ang dami kayang benefits! 1. May 20% discount at exemption from VAT sa mga hotels, restaurants and recreation centers. 2. Kung taga-Makati, libre gamot at sine. Tipid di ba?! 3. May priority lane sa grocery, embassy at … [Read more...]
Halloween Costume Ideas
Halloween na naman. Uso na naman ang mga horror movies. Namimiss ko tuloy manood ng "Magandang Gabi Bayan" tuwing ganitong panahon. Aminin mo, nanonood ka rin nun. At siyempre, uso na naman ang "Trick or Treat." Paano nga ba nauso 'yan? According to Wikipedia: The practice of dressing up in costumes and begging door to door for treats on holidays dates back to the Middle Ages. Trick-or-treating resembles the late medieval practice of souling, when poor folks would go door to door on … [Read more...]
Magna Carta for Selfie Addicts and Selfie Haters
Hindi kami selfie bashers or haters. If yes, bakit naman kami magpopost ng selfie photos namin, di ba?! Pero aminin niyo, nakakaloka ang mga facebook and instagram posts na puro selfie! Someone told me na ang selfie ay sign of addiction. First, they take a few shots… E nagandahan sa sarili so tuloy tuloy na until it becomes an addiction. Pero paano naman daw yung hindi kagandahan na naging selfie addict... Anong nasa utak nila?? Hahahaha! May limit ang selfie. Sa tingin namin dapat may … [Read more...]
How to Layer Necklaces
Last week, I got my Elena Bautista Bespoke Monogram Necklace (c/o Papa O) at Bonne Bouche, Greenbelt 5. Isn't it pretty?!?! Papa O thought na it's better to have our initials instead of my initials lang. At bilang siya ang nagbayad, hindi na ako kokontra di ba?! Selfie at the office... :-) Elena had a recent contest via Instagram. Best photo went to…. Ang nice noh? … [Read more...]
Art Pop!
Dahil recently ay medyo makulimlim at may mga kulog-kulog pa, what we all need in life to be happy is…hulaan niyo! Payong? No! Kapote? No! Kayakap? Puwede, pero for purposes of this blog entry, no! What we need is COLOR! Tignan niyo si Lady Gaga! Diba recently medyo she had a tamer look, but noticeably, mas marami nang colors that pop in her clothes, her hair, and of course, her face! And because we normally associate sadness and feeling down with the color blue, ginawa naming misyon … [Read more...]
Ramen Namin
Tagal na naming di nakakapag-date ni Papa N kasi I try to get home as early as possible for Father Thunder and Atekupungsingsing. Anyway, nagyaya si Papa N sa isang bagong ramen place in Rockwell. (Si Papa N talaga, excited uminom ng mainit na sabaw…;) Kasama namin si Mitz (friend/blockmate namin nina D at S) from law school. She dropped by sa office ko kaya napilitan siyang maki-3rd wheel. Hehe. Pagdating namin sa IKKORYU FUKUOKA RAMEN, tama si Papa N, pila-balde! Pang-11 … [Read more...]


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 29, 1980
|Filing date
|Jun 30, 1978
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 1978
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John J. Muramatsu
|Original Assignee
|Trw Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (38), Classifications (19), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates generally to integrated-circuit multipliers, and, more particularly, to digital parallel multipliers, which, as will be discussed, inherently require very large numbers of logic elements.
Integrated or monolithic circuits for performing digital multiplication are, of course, well known. Briefly, and by way of background, such multipliers operate on a digital, usually binary, multiplier quantity, and a corresponding digital multiplicand quantity, to generate a binary product. Typically, the multiplier and multiplicand have equal numbers of binary digits. If the full significance of the quantities multiplied together is to be retained, the product will contain twice as many binary digits (bits) as either the multiplier or the multiplicand. The multiplication process performed in such a circuit essentially follows the procedure used in pencil-and-paper multiplication, but, for maximum speed, all of the necessary one-bit-by-one-bit multiplications are performed in parallel, i.e., essentially simultaneously.
If the necessary input and output interfacing circuits are not considered, a digital parallel multiplier contains only two basic logic elements: a product generator and an adder. However, the number of product generators and adders required in this type of multiplier is approximately equal to the square of the number of bits in the numbers being multiplied. For example, a sixteen-by-sixteen-bit multiplier would require 256 product generators and adders, and these logic elements would together represent nearly 75% of the layout area of a multiplier chip. It will be appreciated, then, that parallel multipliers require relatively large numbers of logic elements, each of which contains a large number of semiconductor devices.
In general, the maximum physical size of an integrated circuit is limited by the inherent number of product defects contained within a unit area of the circuit when manufactured in accordance with a particular fabrication technology. Accordingly, if circuits containing large numbers of semiconductor devices are to be successfully manufactured, i.e., with few defects and relatively high product yields, one alternative is to select a fabrication technology having an inherently high packing density, such as metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) technology or integrated injection logic (I2 L). However, these technologies are inherently slow in operation, compared with more conventional bipolar transistor circuitry, so that any advantage in packing density provided by these technologies is obtained at the expense of speed of operation.
A significant step forward in this regard was the development of multipliers manufactured by a triple diffusion fabrication process and utilizing emitter follower logic in their circuit design. The triple diffusion process derives its name from the fact that there are three separate diffusion steps in which impurities are diffused into a silicon substrate at very high temperatures to form the collector, base and emitter regions of transistor devices. As is well known, bipolar transistors may be either of the PNP type or the NPN type, where the designations N and P identify the type of impurity that is added to pure silicon to give its crystalline structure a negative (N) or positive (P) electrical characteristic. A bipolar transistor consists of two junctions between N type and P type material, forming either the PNP or the NPN configuration.
The triple diffusion process is to be distinguished from the epitaxial process and the isoplanar process, both of which involve the growth of an additional single-crystal layer on a silicon substrate.
Emitter follower logic (EFL) is a well known form of transistor logic in which an NPN output transistor is coupled to the emitters of input transistors of the PNP type. One advantage, of this mix of PNP and NPN transistors is that a relatively high packing density can be obtained because of the capability of coalescing adjacent transistors of different types, i.e., the adjacent transistors can share regions of semiconductor material without the need for wasteful isolation regions between them. Moreover, the PNP transistor is somewhat smaller than the NPN transistor, and this factor also contributes to the high packing density of emitter follower logic. This approach of combining triple diffusion technology with emitter follower logic is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,724, issued in the names of McIver et al and entitled "Asynchronous Binary Multiplier Using Non-Threshold Logic".
In spite of its being a highly significant advance in the art, the emitter follower logic implementation of the multiplier has a number of significant disadvantages. First, emitter follower logic inherently requires a relatively large number of resistive elements, which must be of relatively large resistance value if power consumption is to be reduced to an acceptable level. While this is not a disadvantage in itself when used with previously existing fabrication processes, it is a limiting factor in the development and application of new fabrication technologies with smaller "geometries", i.e., providing for smaller geometrical widths of elements and spacings between adjacent elements, as well as correspondingly shallower depths of diffusion. The conventional process for obtaining relatively high values of resistance is known as "pinching". Each resistance element is essentially an N type region of relatively low sheet resistance, and the pinching process is basically the diffusion of an additional base region to effectively reduce the thickness of the resistance layer, and thereby increase its resistance value. However, if very small geometries are involved in the fabrication process, the control of the pinching process becomes more difficult, so that larger values of resistance must be obtained by using longer resistive elements, which, of course, decrease the packing density.
A second disadvantage of emitter follower logic is that it uses large numbers of PNP transistors, which have an inherently lower frequency response than NPN transistors. The usual criterion by which switching circuits are measured is the "speed-power" product, actually the product of propagation delay time and power consumption. A low speed-power product indicates a desirable combination of high speed and low power.
Emitter follower logic presents additional problems when a number of logic stages are cascaded in series, since the logic is such that the voltage representing a particular logic level falls off from stage to stage. If too many stages are cascaded, a logical high voltage level could ultimately diminish to such an extent that it could be misinterpreted as a logical low voltage level. The possible solutions to this problem in emitter follower logic design are either to operate at relatively high voltage logic levels at early stages, so that the diminished level at later stages can be tolerated, or to include an additional saturating device after a selected number of stages, to restore the signal voltage to its initial level. However, these additional saturating devices effectively increase the time delay involved in operation of the entire circuit. A related disadvantage of emitter follower logic is that the internal collector resistance of a transistor can have a significant effect on the output voltage level of a saturating device used in emitter follower logic to restore the logic voltage level. The effect of a high collector resistance when the transistor is in saturation is to provide a low-level output considerably above ground and closer to a high-level output. The effect can be minimized only by limiting the current or by placing one or more transistors in parallel to reduce the effective collector resistance.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that there is still a significant need for a digital parallel multiplier circuit that overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art, and provides a high-speed, low-power multiplier formed on a substrate at a relatively high packing density, to provide a correspondingly high production yield. The present invention fulfills this need.
The present invention resides in an integrated digital parallel multiplier circuit employing current mode logic and fabricated using an advanced triple diffusion fabrication process. The advanced triple diffusion process provides for extremely small geometries, down to two-micron (2�10-6 meter) spacings between circuit features, with an accompanying improvement in packing density over previously available triple diffusion processes. In addition, the use of current mode logic (CML) uses fewer transistor and resistor devices than emitter follower logic (EFL). For example, whereas a full adder implemented in CML has 34 devices (26 transistors and 8 resistors), the corresponding adder in EFL implementation uses 65 devices (37 transistors and 18 resistors). Moreover, CML uses resistors twenty to thirty times smaller in resistance value than those in a corresponding EFL circuit. In spite of the coalescing capability of PNP transistors used in the EFL approach, the layout area using CML is much smaller than the corresponding area using EFL for the same logic function. For example, a full adder circuit using the advanced triple diffusion process is approximately 0.010 inch square for the CML implementation, as compared with approximately 0.0125 inch square for the EFL implementation. Corresponding differences in a total multiplier array can make the EFL approach totally impractical, because of a low production yield resulting from such a large area, especially in such large arrays as 24-by-24 bits or 32-by-32 bits.
CML has additional advantages in that it employs only NPN transistors, and therefore eliminates the inherently slower PNP transistors. Furthermore, a lower logic voltage swing can be used in CML, which, because of inherent capacitive properties of semiconductor circuits, also contributes to a higher speed, and therefore provides an improved speed-power product. Even more importantly, in CML the logic voltage level at each logic stage is automatically restored without the need for additional saturating devices to perform this function, and CML logic gates can therefore be cascaded without limitation and without loss in logic voltage level.
Basically, then, the invention in its broadest sense is a combination, for use in a monolithic integrated multiplier circuit, comprising a plurality of NPN transistors and a plurality of resistive elements, all fabricated using an advanced triple diffusion process capable of achieving a two-micron feature geometry, and junction depths of a few microns or less, and circuit means for connecting the transistors and resistors to operate in current mode logic.
Since the depths of diffusion in the advanced triple diffusion fabrication process are much less than in previously available triple diffusion processes, the use of pinched resistors is made extremely difficult, and larger areas would be needed to provide large-value resistance elements. However, with the use of CML this problem is obviated, since CML uses fewer resistors, all of which are much lower in value than those used in EFL.
Preferably, the NPN transistors are connected in differential pairs wherever possible. Each such pair is connected by its emitter terminals to a constant current source, and complementary logic input levels are applied to the base terminals of the pair. In this configuration, the voltage difference between high and low logic levels at each stage can be 200-300 millivolts or even less. This difference between the base voltages of the pair is sufficient to cut off current in one transistor, and to steer all of the constant current through the other. Furthermore, because the transistors used in CML are never operated in the saturation region of their characteristic, the internal series collector resistance of the devices has practically no effect on the output voltage level, which is derived from the voltage drop produced by a constant current flowing through a load resistor.
It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the present invention represents a significant advance in the field of high-speed digital parallel multipliers. In particular, the invention provides a multiplier with greatly improved packing density and resultant high production yield, yet with a superior speed-power product. The unique combination of current mode logic and advanced triple diffusion technology therefore provides an integrated multiplier circuit with unequaled performance and productibility. Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following more detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a basic CML gate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-level AND gate implemented in CML;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a typical three-level CML gate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a full adder and one-bit product generator utilized in the multiplier of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simplified diagrammatic plan view of a transistor manufactured in accordance with the advanced triple diffusion process, which forms an essential part of the present invention;
FIGS. 6-15 are sectional views summarizing the sequence of process steps performed in the advanced triple diffusion process; and
FIG. 16 is a simplified block diagram of a digital multiplier circuit.
As shown in the drawings, the present invention is principally concerned with improvements in high-speed parallel digital multipliers, and, in particular, with multipliers in integrated circuit or monolithic form, i.e., fabricated on a single semiconductor chip. In accordance with the invention, a multiplier of superior speed-power characteristics, and greatly improved packing density and production yield, is provided by combining the advantages of current mode logic with the improved packing density and high yield of an advanced triple diffusion fabrication process.
FIGS. 1-3 illustrate some basic logic gates that characterize current mode logic (CML), and FIG. 4 shows how CML is implemented in a full adder and one-bit product generator that provides a logical building block for the multiplier of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the basic CML gate is a differential circuit comprising two NPN transistors, indicated by reference numerals 10 and 12, respectively. The collector terminals of the transistors 10 and 12 are connected through resistors 14 and 16, respectively, to a power supply voltage, indicated at Vcc, and the emitter terminals are connected to ground through a constant current device, indicated at 18. An input signal, indicated at A, is connected to the base of transistor 10, and the inverse input signal A is connected to the base terminal of the other transistor 12. Complementary outputs are provided at the collector terminals of the transistors, output level A being taken from the collector terminal of transistor 12, and the inverse level A being taken from the collector terminal of transistor 10. This circuit, which operates as an inverter or amplifier, illustrates the basic configuration of CML logic gates. As will be seen, more practical CML circuits are somewhat more complex.
In operation, the circuit shown in FIG. 1 utilizes the constant current device 18 to provide a constant current through one or the other of the transistors 10 and 12, depending upon the condition of the input signal A. When the input signal A is at a high logic level, the transistor 10 is in a conductive state, but in the active and not the saturated region, and the other transistor 12 is non-conductive. Hence, the collector terminal of transistor 12 is essentially at supply voltage Vcc, and the collector terminal of transistor 10 is at a somewhat lower voltage because of the voltage drop across resistor 14.
The logic voltage swing, i.e., the difference between logical high and low voltages need be only a few hundred millivolts, since it will be apparent that only a very small difference between the voltages on the bases of the two transistors 10 and 12 is needed to effect cut-off of one of the transistors. For example, if the same voltage were applied to the base terminals of both transistors, the current supplied by the source 18 would ideally be equally divided between the two transistors, but if the base voltage of transistor 10 were increased slightly, the action of the transistor would be such as to tend to greatly increase the collector current through the transistor 10. However, since the total current through the two transistors is limited by the constant current device 18, this would have the effect of moving the operating point of transistor 12 very rapidly to a position of complete cut-off of collector current.
FIG. 1 illustrates the principal characteristic of current mode logic, wherein a constant current device provides a current that is steered through one of more stacks of differential NPN transistor pairs, to yield a logical output taken from the collectors of one or more of the transistor pairs.
FIG. 2 perhaps better illustrates this point in the context of a two-level AND gate. Here, the constant current device takes the form of an NPN transistor 20 and a resistor 22 connected to ground from the emitter of the transistor 20. A reference voltage VREF is applied to the base of the transistor 20 to limit the collector current to an essentially constant level. Again, power is provided from a voltage source, Vcc, through two resistors 24 and 26, and thence to the collector terminals of a pair of NPN transistors 28 and 30, which are further interconnected with another pair of NPN transistors 32 and 34, the emitters of which are connected to the constant current device, i.e. to the collector terminal of transistor 20.
The emitter terminals of transistors 28 and 30 are connected in common to the collector terminal of transistor 32, and the collector terminal of transistor 30 is connected to the collector terminal of transistor 34. Two input logic levels, A and B, are provided to the respective base terminals of transistors 28 and 32, and the corresponding inverse levels A and B are applied to the base terminals of transistors 30 and 34, respectively. Output logic levels A.B and A.B are taken from the collector terminals of transistors 30 and 28, respectively.
It will be appreciated from the following description of operation that the circuit of FIG. 2 operates as a logical AND gate. When the inputs A and B are both logical zeros (low voltage level), transistors 28 and 32 are turned off, and transistor 34 is turned on. The current path is then through resistor 26 and transistor 34 to the current source, causing the voltage A.B to be less than the voltage A.B, and hence providing a logical zero output for the AND quantity A.B. When A is zero and B is one, it will be seen that the current path is again through resistor 26, but this time through transistor 30 and transistor 32. Further, when A is one and B is zero, the path is still through resistor 26, and through transistor 34. Finally, when A is one and B is one, the current path is through resistor 24, transistor 28, and transistor 32, thereby providing a logical one output for A.B.
The schematic of FIG. 3 is intended to show a somewhat more complex set of logic involving three input signals, A, B and C, to provide an output signal D in accordance with the equation;
where the dot (.) represents the logical AND function, and the plus sign (+) represents the logical OR function.
FIG. 4 is typical of CML as it is employed in the multiplier of the invention. In a computational cell involving a full adder and one-bit product generator, two binary quantities, the inverse of which are indicated by the signal names X and Y, are multiplied together and the result is added to an input binary sum quantity, indicated by SIN, and an input carry quantity, indicated by CIN, to produce an output binary sum quantity, SOUT, together with an output carry quantity COUT. It will be seen that the circuit employs only NPN transistors, connected for the most part in differential pairs, and contains very few resistance devices.
As shown in FIG. 16 a complete multiplier circuit basically comprises a multiplier array 36, for performing the necessary steps of multiplication and addition, a pair of input registers 37 and an output register 38, which may have most significant product (MSP) and least significant product (LSP) fields, as shown, and logic (indicated only by clock signals) for gating input signals representative of numbers to be multiplied into the input registers and gating the resultant product signals out of the output register. This system arrangement is conventional, and is common to practically all parallel digital multipliers.
For this reason, and since the invention is principally concerned with the combination of current mode logic used within each computational cell and an advanced triple diffusion fabrication process, the complete circuit details of a particular multiplier have not been included in the drawings. The extension of CML principles to all aspects of a particular multiplier circuit is a relatively routine engineering task, once the principles and the fabrication process are fully understood. Moreover, the complete schematics of a large multiplier circuit would require twenty or more sheets of drawings, the complexity of which would not serve to clarify the invention any further. However, for purposes of illustration only, the complete schematics of a 16�16 multiplier, designed in accordance with the present invention, were included as an appendix accompanying the application for this patent, and may be found in the patent file at the Patent and Trademark Office.
The triple diffusion process by which the multiplier of the present invention is fabricated is illustrated in FIGS. 5-15. As shown in FIG. 6 a silicon substrate 40 is coated with a first oxide layer 42. Then, as shown in FIG. 7, a rectangular area or window, indicated by the numerals 44, of the first oxide 42 is removed, and an N type material, in this case phosphorous, is implanted in what is to become the collector region of the transistor, indicated at 46 in FIGS. 9 and 10.
The area of the collector region 46, and the areas of the other diffusion regions of the transistor, are all defined geometrically by means of a conventional photoresist (shown as PR in the drawings) process, which is not illustrated in these drawings. Basically, in such a process a photosensitive coating known as a photoresist is deposited on the oxide, and then selectively exposed to ultraviolet light through a photolith mask (not shown). In the particular case of the collector region 46, the mask defines the rectangular window 44. The exposed window area of the photoresist is subsequently washed away, and then the oxide in the window area is etched with acid to expose the underlying silicon substrate, leaving the window 44, as shown in FIG. 7. The N type collector material, indicated at 48, can then be implanted in the collector window region, and the remaining oxide layer 42 stripped off, as indicated in FIG. 8. In a subsequent diffusion operation, a second oxide layer 50 is formed as indicated in FIG. 9, and the N type collector material 48 is diffused into the substrate 40 to form the collector region 46.
The collector diffusion region 46 is approximately 3.5 microns deep, has a surface concentration of 2�1017 cm-3 and a sheet resistance of approximately 500 ohms per square. Sheet resistance, as is well known, is a term usually applied to the electrical resistance of a conductive or semiconductive layer. The resistance to current flow from one edge of a square sheet of such a layer, to the opposite edge, is independent of its area.
Next, as shown in FIG. 10, the second oxide layer 50 is selectively removed to form a base-region window, indicated at 52. Portions of the oxide layer 50 situated outside of the collector region 46 are also removed. Then, a P type material, in this case boron, is implanted in the base-region window 52, as indicated at 54, and is also implanted in the exposed regions of the substrate outside of the collector region 46. Then, as shown in FIG. 11, a third oxide layer 56 is added, and the boron is diffused to a depth of approximately 1.2 microns, to form the base region 58. The base region has a depth of approximately 1.2 microns, a surface concentration of 1�1019 cm-3 and a sheet resistance of 150-200 ohms per square. The P type boron material is also diffused into the surrounding field region outside of the collector regions 46. This field diffusion region, indicated at 60, increases the surface concentration of the substrate 40, and effectively isolates adjacent devices from each other.
Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the third oxide layer 56 is selectively removed, again using the photoresist process, to expose an emitter-region window 62 over the base region 58, and also to expose a continuous rectangular strip 64 (FIG. 5) over the collector region 46. An N+ type phosphorous emitter material is implanted in the exposed areas, and is diffused to a depth of approximately 0.9 micron, to form the emitter region 66, and also to form a continuous N+ type region beneath the rectangular strip 64 around the collector region, for purposes of making contact with the collector. The surface concentration of the emitter region 66 is approximately 1�1021 cm-3 and the sheet resistance is approximately 18-25 ohms per square.
As shown in FIG. 13, a fourth oxide layer 70 is applied over the already formed layers, and is selectively removed to expose contact holes to be used for making electrical contact with the various semiconductor regions. Then, metal contact strips are formed, again using a conventional photoresist process that is not shown in detail. First, a metalized layer is applied over the entire structure, then a photoresist layer is applied over the metal, selectively exposed through a photolith mask, and washed away to leave photoresist material over those areas of metal to be retained. Then the remaining, unmasked areas of metal are etched away to leave the interconnecting metal strips shown in the drawings. In particular, as shown in FIG. 14, there is a collector contact strip 72, which makes contact with the N+ field diffusion layer 60 around the outer periphery of the collector area 46, a base contact strip 74, which makes direct contact with the base region 58, and, finally, an emitter contact strip 76, which makes direct contact with the center of the emitter region 66. The final step in the fabrication process is the application of a passivating oxide layer 78 over the entire structure.
The metal contact strips 72, 74 and 76 are single layers approximately 10,000-15,000 angstroms thick (1-1.5 microns). Each metalized layer comprises a thin first coating of titanium, approximately 100 angstroms thick, with the remainder of the layer comprising copper and aluminum. The metal strips are spaced by a minimum of 2 microns from each other, and are a minimum of 7 microns wide. All other features of the device have a minimum geometry of 2 microns, which applies to both width and spacing. The areas of the semiconductor regions can be dimensioned as desired, within this geometric limitations. The area of the emitter region 66 in the presently preferred embodiment is approximately 5-6 microns and the contact holes are 3 microns wide.
It will be apparent from the foregoing that the present invention represents a significant advance in the field of multipliers. In particular, the invention provides a multiplier having a superior speed-power product, but with the ability to be fabricated at a relatively high packing density, for maximum production yield. Moreover, the multiplier of the invention overcomes many of the problems inherent in multipliers utilizing emitter follower logic. It will also be appreciated that, although a particular embodiment of the invention has been described in detail for purposes of illustration, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited except as by the appended claims.
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Owner name: TRW LSI PRODUCTS INC., A CORP. OF DE.
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Air India strike enters 15th day; pilots not listening, Ajit Singh saysPTI | May 22, 2012, 08.40 PM IST
NEW DELHI: Striking Air India pilots have "not listened" to the continued appeals by the government to withdraw their agitation even though it has been promised that there would be no victimisation, civil aviation minister Ajit Singh said on Tuesday.
"I committed in the House that no victimisation would be done...but pilots are not listening. That is where the situation stands today," he told the Rajya Sabha even as members from both sides expressed concern over the ongoing strike and its impact on passengers.
Maintaining that Air India's image has been "dented" by the strike, he said the stir has come during the peak season and at a time when its revenue had gone up to 35 per cent and ontime performance was improving.
Pointing out that the high court has stuck down their strike as "illegal", he regretted the fact that the striking pilots who reported sick were neither sick nor had visited doctors.
Singh said his ministry is ready to discuss all issues as the government had announced Rs 30,000 crore as bailout package over eight years.
"This bailout is not without strings. They have to meet strict standards. If they meet these standards, we will release public money," he said.
In this context, he said the airline owed crores of rupees to oil companies as dues.
The minister's statement came as members demanded an early end to the strike.
Rajiv Pratap Rudy (BJP) demanded a roadmap from the government regarding an early end to the strike as he felt that neither the government nor the pilots were ready to "blink" as the strike as continued for over 14 days now. His concerns were shared by Naresh Agarwal (SP) and Prem Chand Gupta (RJD). D Raja (CPI) sought to know if the government has made any assessment with regard to the strike, while N K Singh (JD-U) demanded control over pricing of the tickets so that other airlines do not fleece passengers.
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Nice product! Would recommend. Fast shipping and easy transition.Read More
the quality is great and they look fantastic!!! Exactly like on the pictures!!!Read More
These accessories are easy to install, and seem quite sturdy. You attach a metal piece to the wall, or door, and attach the hook, tp holder etc, to that. Nothing I have put up has had any issues with being loose or falling off, they just go up, and do the job. I'd definitely recommend this set to anyone who likes the oil rubbed bronze look, who is also a little handy, and needs different or more hooks and towel racks.Read More
These pieces are small, noisy and cheap-looking. I'll be replacing them with nicer pieces. You get what you pay for I guess.Read More
Would purchase again. Great price for set. Saved a stack of Money.Read More
You get what you pay for. On arrival, these items appeared to be flimsy, but once put on the wall look good and appear to be functioning wellRead More
Initially I opened the box and was amazed at how awesome this product looks. HOWEVER, the peices are VERY light, made out of plastic and Im sure will not stand up to normal, daily use. I'm so disappointed. I gave it three because they really do look teriffic.Read More
I love these. They changed the look of my whole bathroom. Very good quality!!Read More
This set is a true oiled bronze color. The traditional color with the contemporary style are a nice combination. The style is much different than the too common style available in this color.Read More
the set matches exactly the ceiling mounted drapery rods I purchased, and matched the new mirror I purchased. The bathroom came together perfectly, looks very expensive, although it wasn't, and I couldn't be happier !!Read More
The tension of the spring on the toliet paper dispenser is extremely tight and makes it very hard for installation of standard widths.Read More
Installation was easy. Only neg. was the molly screws supplied. They are plastic and broke when putting them into the wall so we used our own. Other than that, the items are beautiful and go well with the Kingston faucet. Changing out the faucet and the bathroom paper holder and towel bars and robe hook made a big difference in the look of the room. Highly recommend for the looks, quality and the price.Read More
the towel racks and toilet paper holder were sturdy and looked much more expensive than they were.Read More
The color is fine, but installation was a nightmare. The silver bracket that is installed first went up fine, but it does not fit into the fixture itself. Literally, it was like trying to put a square peg in a round hole. Also, the tiny screw is too short and if left as is, it wobbled badly. My husband had to redrill new holes in all of the pieces and just screw it directly to the wall/cabinet. I would have returned it, but had drilled the holes already. Poorly designed.Read More
I thought this set was a good buy so I purchased 2 sets for our new home and I'm glad I did. I received the products quickly and couldn't be more pleased. The color is a rich dark bronze with a hint of copper around the edges. I prefer the European paper holder since it only requires one drilled hole in the vanity so I'm glad I had that option.Read More
Sure-Loc Modern Vintage Bronze 4-piece Bathroom Accessory Set
Starting at $49.49


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Margaret "Margie" Eulner Ott, President
Margie Eulner Ott, a 25-year resident of the Crestview neighborhood, brings substantial non-profit management experience to the LFV Board. Margie held various positions with Youth for Understanding International Exchange between 1983 and 2013, including serving as Director of US Programs. Margie is currently working as a non-profit executive management consultant. She is leading LFV's Volunteer and Operations committees, while also assisting with grant writing. She secured a Montgomery County grant for LFV in 2016.
Susan Harding, Vice President
Susan Harding worked for more than 25 years publishing national equine magazines and now is on the boards of several equine nonprofit organizations, including Equine Land Conservation Resource and the International Museum of the Horse. A graduate of Northwestern University and Harvard Business School, Harding worked for the Congressional Research Service and Newsweek. She has been a resident in Sumner Village for more than 15 years, where she has been involved as chair of the Pool Committee and on the Management Search Committee. She leads the LFV Development Committee which spearheaded the successful "Trash or Treasure" fundraiser in 2016.
June Gardner, Secretary
A native Floridian, June Gardner migrated north attending Duke University and then Boston University. In 1985, she arrived in Washington, D.C., where she worked as a congressional press secretary and as a part-time political consultant. Gardner became a real estate agent in 1999 and continues to work full time at Evers and Company Real Estate Inc. The Gardner family has lived in the Wood Acres neighborhood since 1989, and she has been an active member of the community, serving on the PTA Board at Wood Acres Elementary School, as co-chair of the Whitman Arts Festival, and she served on the Board of the Wood Acres Citizens Association the association's Architectural Covenants Committee.
Cecilia Bacigalupo, Treasurer
A Peruvian native, Cecilia came to the US and started working for the Inter-American Development Bank in various capacities. In her last position, she was Chief of the Conference Section, which entailed organizing and coordinating meetings worldwide. A Bethesda resident for more than 25 years and a mother of a college student, has found time to give back to society. Cecilia became involved as a volunteer in the village through her husband, Manuel Valencia who is operations director for LFV.
Gary Ender, Board Member
After college Gary was a Peace Corps Volunteer in Nepal, where he lived in a village and helped farmers become more productive; his friendship with his "older brother" in Nepal continues. Gary obtained a PhD in agricultural economics and worked at USDA for several years. For most of their careers Gary and his wife worked in international development; Gary worked at Abt Associates for 23 years. From 1984 to 2002, he and his family lived in the Philippines, Pakistan and Egypt, and in the DC area. Now retired, Gary enjoys volunteering for LFV and Food & Friends, traveling, gardening, and birdwatching. Gary is overseeing LFV's automation project.
Laurene Sherlock, Board Member
Laurene is an accredited member of The American Society of Appraisers. In 2010, she founded Greystone Appraisals, a personal property practice that includes appraisal consultation for insurance, estates, equitable distribution, dispersal, downsizing, positioning property for sale, museum gifting and collection management. As a 26-year resident of Sumner Square, she has served three times as President of its Homeowners Association. Laurene is chair of the LFV Communications Committee.
Mary O'Donoghue, Board Member
Mary O'Donoghue started Corewood Homecare after caring for her father, a well-respected physician in Washington D.C., who was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's. As the disease progressed, Mary and her family wanted her father to remain in a familiar environment in their family home. With the help of two professional caregivers, Mary's father did stay home and, because of the exceptional care he received, Mary started her company to help other families. Mary serves on the board of the Senior Connection, a countywide organization dedicated to providing programs and help that preserve and foster independence, mobility and quality of life for seniors. Mary is co-chair of the LFV Volunteer Committee.
Nancy Wehr, Board Member
Nancy Wehr worked in biological research at Oregon State University and the National Institutes of Health, retiring in 2011. She has served as Treasurer of Little Falls Village. She and her husband, Michael have lived in the Wood Acres neighborhood for 24 years. Nancy has served LFV as its Treasurer and now as its assistant treasurer. Nancy is also a valued member of the LFV Membership and Operations Committees.
Jane Croft, Board Member
Jane Croft is a longtime resident of Bethesda, Maryland and is a founding member of Little Falls Village. She joined the Village Board of Directors in 2015. With a degree in education, Mrs. Croft taught school in Chicago and White Plains, NY before working in the New York City office of renowned rheumatologist, Dr. Walter Bauer of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Jane has been an enthusiastic exercise instructor for the past 37 years, was a DC Hospice volunteer and served as a volunteer at Sibley Memorial Hospital for more than twenty years.
Todd Smith, Executive Director
Todd is responsible for the day-to-day operations of Little Falls Village. His interest in aging issues was born during 15 years of lobbying on behalf of seniors and long-term care providers while at the American Health Care Association. Todd lives with his wife and two sons in Glen Mar Park.
Manuel Valencia, Director of Operations
Manuel assists the executive director on a day-to-day basis. He received a double Bachelor of Arts degree in graphic design and printmaking from American University. He is also a certified Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages teacher, with a degree from Montgomery College. Currently in semi-retirement, he attended a Little Falls Village informational meeting and joined as a volunteer.


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by Rosa
(Nusa Dua)
My favourite warung is Warung Bule and Susy, in Nusa Dua. Everyday we go there for the food,Susy the proprietor and Chef cooks Madura flavours to perfection.
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Cambro CPFL361480 Single Level Shelf Rail for 36" Long Cambro Camshelving Premium Modular Shelving Units
- 2" high
- CAMGUARD antimicrobial coating
- Rust free
Keeping an organized kitchen is one of the key things in maintaining efficiency and productivity - that's why you need Cambro camshelving! Durable and rust-resistant, camshelving is the perfect solution for your busy kitchen.
Cambro Camshelving Premium Series
Looking for a durable shelving unit for your foodservice operation? Check out Cambro's Premium series camshelving! These shelves won't bow under heavy weight, which makes them long-lasting and reliable.
Cambro Camshelving Premium Series: Casters
Install casters on your Cambro Camshelving unit by following these simple steps! Once finished, your unit will be mobile and ready for use.
Cambro Camshelving Premium Series: Traverse Fence
Install your traverse fence with these simple steps! All you need are your two corner connectors, the traverse fence parts, and a hammer.
Cambro Camshelving Premium Series: Traverse Fence Assembly
Assemble your traverse fence by following these simple steps!
|36 Inches
|2 Inches
|Made in America
|NSF Listed
|Product Line
|Shelf Rails
Prevent stored items from falling off of your 36" long Cambro Camshelving Premium complete shelving units with this Cambro CPFL361480 2" high single level shelf rail. It's perfect for use on both stationary and mobile shelving units!
Each shelf rail includes 2 brackets and 1 rod for fencing in one traverse side of your shelving unit. This unit has no exposed metal and will not rust. It is safe to -36 degrees Fahrenheit.
Overall Dimensions:
Length: 36"
Height: 2"
Because this item is not stocked in our warehouse, processing, transit times and stock availability will vary. If you need your items by a certain date,
please contact us prior to placing your order. Expedited shipping availability may vary. We cannot guarantee that this item can be cancelled off of the order or returned once it is placed.
NSF Listed
This item meets the standards imposed by NSF International, which focuses on public safety, health, and the environment.
Made in America
This item was made in the United States of America.
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- Description
- Purple Bruto Dino with Chew Guard Technology
- Features Chew Guard Technology and double stitched seams to last longer than your standard plush toy, GUARANTEED! See below for additional details
- Super-soft bubble plush dogs love
- Fun squeaker and under-stuffed for less mess
- Super tough to stand up to rough playtime fun
- Large
- Brutos Brontosaurus, Purple
Customer Feedback
★★★★★ Five StarsStyle Name: Frills Triceratops, Gray Size: Large
With almost a thousand reviews posted for this dog toy, the only NEW thing to be said is how it worked for my dogs.GREAT. IT WAS GREAT. During four years IT WAS ALWAYS GREAT.Both dogs were flat-coated retrievers.* One had a very soft mouth--she could play with a fine leather shoe for an hour with no damage. She must have enjoyed this Triceratops for well over one hundred hours. It still looked mostly new.* The other dog was more destructive. Flip flops lasted mere minutes once he got down to business. And still this Triceratops looked mostly new.* The Kevlar was tested hard in some pulling contests. Again, no damage!Sadly, both dogs crossed the rainbow bridge this year. This indestructible Triceratops awaits more torture tests in the future.Pictured with goDog Dragon With Chew Guard Technology Tough Plush Dog Toy, Lime, Large . Also indestructible.
★★★★☆ Four StarsStyle Name: Frills Triceratops, Gray Size: Large
I bought this toy for my 5 month old lab/hound mix and I was pleasantly surprised. I have never purchased a stuffed toy for a dog before, and was leary about it now, but I'm glad I did. After reading many reviews of this toy and seeing some dogs rip theirs apart within minutes, I was a little reluctant to purchase this. Thankfully, since I have, he has left my daughter's stuffed toys alone for the most part.The triceratops is my puppy's favorite toy and sometimes he carries it around the house with him. He has chewed the tail and at least 1 of the horns, but the rest of it has stood up to his roughhousing, tugging, etc.It is not fully stuffed, which is great so he can grab it a bit easier and if he is able to rip it open, there won't be a lot of fluff everywhere.*Update 7/16/2014*Since my initial review, I have purchased 2 of the triceratops toys and one of the purple dinosaurs. My now 7 month old puppy has chewed up both triceratops dinosaurs,one of which had its face chewed off, the other its tail. However he still has his purple dinosaur which he also uses as a pillow. He has chewed off the green frill along the back of the purple dinosaur, but has not chewed any other parts (yet). It has been 2 months since I bought the purple one and it seems it is his favorite.He can go through these fairly quick, but they are some of his favorites and I find they are well worth it.
★★★★★ Five StarsStyle Name: Brutos Brontosaurus, Green Size: Large
What can i say!!! We have two standard poodles that play with these toys constantly? We have purchased just about every one GoDog makes and they have been a hit. The squeakers are sturdy and the chew guard protects them, and Maui thinks the louder the better and when she gets a new one she has to find every squeaker in the toy. She knows they hide them all over. I cant say enough about how much we love these. We still have some from their puppy years and yes they are in one piece and still squeak. I throw them in the washing machine when they get dirty with no problem. We have purchased so many whenever we get a shipment from Amazon they actually know the boxes and have to dig into them to see if there are toys. They entertain themselves although Chicken is blind for some reason they had to take the eyes off Chicken. They all have names and my poodles know every name. The toys have been left out in the rain and snow and mud and are still going strong. My only complaint is that they need more designs. We are having to buy multiples of the same toy.
★★★★☆ Four StarsStyle Name: Brutos Brontosaurus, Purple Size: Large
My dog (golden retriever, 3 years old) had had several of these toys (the purple brontosaurus, blue dragon, pink monkey, and flying pig), and they have all been accepted as her most favorite toys! She gets a HUGE kick out of flinging them around, squeaking them for hours, and getting me to chase her in circles playing keep away. The Chew Guard is satisfactory. Not excellent. Each toy has had to have a few repairs (just basic stitching the holes she's chewed closed), but that is okay with me. They are bounds and leaps more durable than most other stuffed toys! If she's in a destructive mood, I normally take these toys away because I don't particularly enjoy cleaning up the stuffing when she rips stuffed animals apart, and it's also not safe, since cotton seems to be one of her favorite things to eat *rolls eyes*. So as long as you're an observant pet owner with basic (and I mean VERY basic) sewing skills, these toys definitely are worth the cost AND will outlast any other stuffed toy. The excitement my pup gets from these toys is worth it!


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