text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 23, 2011
|Filing date
|Jun 3, 2010
|Priority date
|Jun 18, 2009
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bernd Koop, Martin Kugler, Andreas Böttcher, Johannes Kaulen
|Original Assignee
|Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (3), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to the use of amidoalkylamine-comprising azole compositions for protecting industrial materials, corresponding compositions, industrial materials and a method for protecting industrial materials.
Active compounds for protecting wood, in particular against fungi, originate from a large number of compound classes. Of particular importance are azoles, in particular triazoles. However, individual active compounds do not cover the entire spectrum against the harmful fungi so that frequently combinations of active compounds have to be used, or the active compounds have to be employed in an appropriately high dosage.
In DE-A-19953274, for use in crop protection, specific fatty acid amidoamines are added to water-soluble and oil-soluble pesticides to stabilize the emulsion. They increase physical storage stability, and a corresponding higher activity (adjuvant effect) is described, too. However, the latter is optimum since generally it is impossible for unstable active compound preparations to have an optimum effect, if only for the reason that active compounds which have precipitated out or are no longer finely distributed naturally have a lower activity on application. However. DE-19953274 is not to be understood as an increased activity owing to the additive.
In WO 93/02557, the activity of azoles can be improved by addition of quaternary ammonium compounds or tertiary amine salts. However, these compounds have to be biocidally active for their part—i.e. they have to be active compounds (see p. 5, line 23 and lines 32-35). Accordingly, causally they act as biocides. Thus, these additives are to be considered as classic active compounds giving, together with others, classic active compound mixtures. However, not infrequently, further active compounds are also associated with disadvantages which have to be avoided for certain applications. However, an increased activity by additives which for their part are not active compounds is not described.
To overcome these weaknesses of the active compounds, various options of enhancing the activity have been investigated for the protection of materials, in particular for the protection of wood.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,231,651 describes the use of phenolic antioxidants for enhancing the activity of azoles in the protection of wood. However, the antioxidants, such as BHT, are employed in a very high excess of up to about 450:1 (based on the azole). This is a big disadvantage, since the enhanced activity is made more expensive by the large amounts of additive.
WO0071314 describes the use of amine oxides for enhancing the activity of azoles in the protection of wood. However, the fact that the amine oxides are water soluble results in the amine oxides being easily leached with water from the treated wood, the enhanced activity thus being lost again, WO95/17817, inter alia, describes, for some azoles, such as triadimefon, certain tertiary or quaternary amines in combination with chelating agents as activity enhancers against microorganisms, in particular phytopathogenic fungi (i.e. fungi encountered exclusively on plants). WO 01/95720, too, discloses activity enhancers for pesticides for the use in the field of plant protection. However, the fungicidal actions with or without activity enhancement described for crop protection cannot be transferred automatically to wood-destroying basidiomycetes, for example, in particular since, in the protection of industrial materials, the active compounds have to meet fundamentally different requirements with respect to stability, leaching behaviour, colour and compatibility with the fundamentally different formulation auxiliaries than in crop protection.
It was an object of the present invention to provide activity enhancers for azoles for the protection of industrial materials, in particular for the protection of wood, against attack and/or destruction by microorganisms, in particular wood-destroying basidiomycetes, preferably holobasidiomycetes.
Accordingly, surprisingly, a use of compositions comprising
a) at least one azole and
b) at least one amidoalkylamine of the formula (I), a salt and/or acid addition compound thereof
in which R1 represents optionally substituted C1-C40-alkyl or C2-C40-alkenyl, R2, R3 and R4 independently of one another represent hydrogen or C1-C8-alkyl
and n represents an integer from 1 to 6, has been found for protecting industrial materials against attack and/or destruction by microorganisms.
The azole used is preferably a fungicidally active azole, in particular at least one triazole or at least one imidazole. Particular preference is given to a triazole. In this respect, the composition for use in accordance with the invention is preferably employed as a microbicidal composition, in particular as a fungicidal composition.
Particularly preferred azoles are triazoles selected from the group consisting of azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxyconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, myclobutanil, metconazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole and uniconazole and their metal salts and acid adducts.
Particularly preferred imidazoles are, for example, clotrimazole, bifonazole, climbazole, econazole, fenapanil, imazalil, isoconazole, ketoconazole, lombazole, miconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole and their metals salts and acid adducts.
Preference is given to using, in accordance with the invention, a composition comprising at least one azole selected from the group consisting of tebuconazole, propiconazole and cyproconazole and optionally a further azole selected from the group consisting of triadimenol and triadimefon.
Here, particular preference is given to the following azole combinations: tebuconazole and triadimefon, tebuconazole and propiconazole, tebuconazole and cyproconazole and propiconazole and cyproconazole.
A preferred composition for use in accordance with the invention comprises at least one compound of the formula (I), a salt and/or acid addition product thereof in which, preferably,
R1 represents C2-C36-alkyl or C2-C36-alkenyl, R2, R3 and R4 each independently of one another represent hydrogen or C1-C4-alkyl and
n represents a number from 1 to 4.
The composition for use in accordance with the invention very particularly preferably comprises at least one compound of the formula (I), a salt and/or acid addition product thereof in which
R1 represents C5-C19-alkyl or C5-C19-alkenyl,
R2 and R3 each represent methyl,
R4 represents hydrogen and
n represents 3.
The alkenyl radicals in the meaning of R1 may contain one or more double bonds.
The compounds of the formula (I) may be employed individually or as mixtures. Particular preference is given to mixtures in which the compounds of the formula (I) have different radicals R1. Particular preference is given to a mixture of compounds of the formula (I) comprising
5-10% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkyl radical of octanoic acid, i.e. C7H15
5-9% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkyl radical of decanoic acid. i.e. C9H19
41-53% by weight where R1=an alkyl radical of dodecanoic acid
16-21% by weight where R1=an alkyl radical of tetradecanoic acid
8-12% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkyl radical of hexadecanoic acid
5-10% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkenyl radical of oleic acid,
where the other radicals R2 to R4 and n of formula (I) have the above meaning. Particularly preferably, n=3, R2 and R3 each represent methyl and R4 represents hydrogen.
The mixture may also comprise further amounts of compounds (I) where R1=radicals of other fatty acids.
An example that may be mentioned is from 0 to 5% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkenyl radical of linoleic acid.
An example of a compound of the formula (I) whose radical R1 is based on coconut oil of the above R1 mixture is the product Adsee® C80W from Akzo Nobel.
The azole of component a) employed is preferably employed in a weight ratio of from 50:1 to 1:50, in particular from 10:1 to 1:10, particularly preferably from 5:1 to 1:5, to a compound of component b). Component b) is preferably employed in a ratio of from 0.5:1 to 8:1, in particular from 2:1 to 5:1, to component a).
The compositions used in accordance with the invention can be employed in solid or liquid form. Suitable are formulations such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, granules, pastes, aerosols, and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
Preferred for use in accordance with the invention are compositions comprising water and/or an organic solvent. If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ suitable organic solvents, i.e. organic solvents which are miscible with water forming a single phase, as auxiliary solvents.
Suitable organic solvents are, for example, aromatics, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes) or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions (white spirit, Shellsol® D60 from Shell Chemical), monohydric alcohols, such as, for example, ethanol, isopropanol and butanol, polyhydric alcohols, such as, for example, glycerol, pentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol (for example Mowiol® from Kuraray), glycols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, oligoglycols and polyglycols, ethers of oligoglycols, such as, for example, dipropylene monomethyl ether for example Dowanol© TPM from Dow), ethers and esters of alcohols, such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono(2-methylpropionate) (corresponds to Texanol® from Eastman), ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, in particular strongly polar aprotic solvents, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and also, for example, fully etherified glycols, oligoglycols and polyglycols, such as, for example, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, etherified polyols and esterified polyols, esters of mono- and polybasic carboxylic acids, for example diisobutyl adipate, diisobutyl maleate (for example Rhodiasolv® DIB).
However, the organic solvents mentioned may also preferably be used without or at least with only little water. In addition to components a) and b), the composition preferably comprises a solvent, in particular a solvent consisting to more than 95% by weight, preferably more than 98% by weight, of at least one organic solvent. Preferred is in particular a polar aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulphoxide, and also, for example, fully etherified glycols, oligoglycols and polyglycols, etherified polyols and esterified polyols, esters of mono- and polybasic carboxylic acids, for example diisobutyl adipate, diisobutyl maleate (for example Rhodiasolv® DIE).
The composition according to the invention may furthermore comprise, as further ingredients, adhesives, such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic pulverulent, granular or latex-like polymers, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and also natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, and also mineral and vegetable oils, and also emulsifiers and/or foam-formers, such as, for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty esters (for example castor oil ethoxylate), polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, aryl sulphonates and also protein hydrolysates. Suitable dispersants are, for example, lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
In addition to the components a) and b) mentioned above, the composition employed preferably comprises at least one polar organic solvent, in particular 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono-(2-methylpropionate), such as Texanol®, and at least one emulsifier, in particular a polyoxyethylene fatty ester, preferably castor oil ethoxylate, and, if appropriate, water.
The composition employed preferably comprises a chelating agent in an amount of less than 0.01 mol, preferably less than 0.001 mol, per mole of the compound of the formula (I) employed.
The compositions may furthermore comprise colorants, such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, copper oxide, and organic dyes, such as alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes.
The composition employed generally comprises preferably from 0.1 to 95% by weight of components a) and b), preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight.
The compositions for use in accordance with the invention may also comprise further active compounds for example fungicides, bactericides and/or insecticides, for example to widen the activity spectrum or to prevent the development of resistance. In many cases, synergistic effects are obtained, i.e. the efficacy of combined active compounds is greater than the efficacy of the individual components.
Particularly favourable mixing partners are, for example, the following compounds:
pyridines and pyrimidines such as:
ancymidol, buthiobate, fenarimol, mepanipyrin, nuarimol, pyroxyfur, triamirol;
succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors such as:
benodanil, bixafen, boscalid, carboxim, carboxim sulphoxide, cyclafluramid, fenfuram, flutanil, furametpyr, furcarbanil, furmecyclox, mebenil, mepronil, methfuroxam, metsulfovax, nicobifen, pyrocarbolid, oxycarboxin, Shirlan, Seedvax;
naphthalene derivatives such as:
terbinafine, naftifine, butenafine, 3-chloro-7-(2-aza-2,7,7-trimethyloct-3-en-5-yne);
sulphenamides such as:
dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, folpet, fluorofolpet; captan, captofol;
benzimidazoles such as:
carbendazim, benomyl, fuberidazole, thiabendazole or their salts;
morpholine derivatives such as:
aldimorph, dimethomorph, dodemorph, falimorph, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, trimorphamid and their aryls salts such as, for example, p-toluenesulphonic acid and p-dodecylphenylsulphonic acid;
benzothiazoles such as:
benzothiophene dioxides such as:
N-cyclohexyl-benzo[b]thiophenecarboxamide S,S-dioxide;
benzamides such as:
2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)benzamide, tecloftalam;
boron compounds such as:
boric acid, boric ester, borax;
formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasing compounds such as:
benzyl alcohol mono(poly)hemiformal, n-butanol hemiformal, dazomet, ethylene glycol hemiformal, hexahydro-S-triazine, hexamethylenetetramine, N-hydroxymethyl-N′-methylthiourea, N-methylolchloroacetamide, oxazolidine, paraformaldehyde, taurolin, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazine. N-(2-hydroxypropyl)aminemethanol, tetramethylolacetylenediurea;
isothiazolinones such as:
N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-N-methylisothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-dichloro-N-octylisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-N-octylisothiazolinone. N-octylisothiazolin-3-one, 4,5-trimethyleneisothiazolinones, 4,5-benzoisothiazolinones;
aldehydes such as:
cinnamaldehyde, formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, 3-bromocinnamaldehyde, o-phthaldialdehyde;
thiocyanates such as:
thiocyanatomethylthiobenzothiazole, methylenebisthiocyanate;
quaternary ammonium compounds and guanidines such as:
benzalkonium chloride, benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, dichlorobenzyldimethylalkylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, dioctyldimethylammonium chloride. N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride, iminoctadine tris(albesilate);
iodine derivatives such as:
diiodomethyl p-tolyl sulphone, 3-iodo-2-propynyl alcohol, 4-chlorophenyl-3-iodopropargylformal, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl ethylcarbamate, 2,3,3-triiodoallyl alcohol, 3-bromo-2,3-diiodo-2-propenyl alcohol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-butylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-hexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl cyclohexylcarbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynyl phenylcarbamate;
phenols such as:
tribromophenol, tetrachlorophenol, 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol, dichlorophene, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, triclosan, diclosan, hexachlorophene, p-hydroxybenzoic esters, o-phenylphenol, m-phenylphenol, p-phenylphenol 4-(2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy)phenol, 4-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenoxy)phenol, 4-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)phenol and their alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts;
microbicides with an activated halogen group such as:
bronopol, bronidox, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 2-bromo-4′-hydroxyacetophenone, 1-bromo-3-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone, β-bromo-β-nitrostyrene, chloracetamide, chloramine T, 1,3-dibromo-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dichloramine T, 3,4-dichloro-(3H)-1,2-dithiol-3-one, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilepropionamide, 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane, halane, halazone, mucochloric acid, phenyl (2-chlorocyanovinyl) sulphone, phenyl (1,2-dichloro-2-cyanovinyl) sulphone, trichloroisocyanuric acid;
pyridines such as:
1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (and their Cu, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn salts), tetrachloro-4-methylsulphonylpyridine, pyrimethanol, mepanipyrim, dipyrithion, 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-b′(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2(1H)pyridine;
methoxyacrylates or similar such as:
azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin;
metal soaps such as:
salts of the metals tin, copper and zinc with higher fatty acids, resin acids, naphthenoic acids and phosphoric acid, such as, for example, tin naphthenate, tin octoate, tin 2-ethylhexanoate, tin oleate, tin phosphate, tin benzoate, copper naphthenate, copper octoate, copper 2-ethylhexanoate, copper oleate, copper phosphate, copper benzoate, zinc naphthenate, zinc octoate, zinc 2-ethylhexanoate, zinc oleate, zinc phosphate, zinc benzoate;
metal salts such as:
salts of the metals tin, copper, zinc, and also chromates and dichromates, such as, for example, copper hydroxycarbonate, sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, potassium chromate, copper sulphate, copper chloride, copper borate, zinc fluorosilicate, copper fluorosilicate;
oxides such as:
oxides of the metals tin, copper and zinc, such as, for example, tributyltin oxide, Cu2O, CuO, ZnO;
oxidizing agents such as:
hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, potassium persulphate;
dithiocarbamates such as:
cufraneb, ferban, potassium N-hydroxymethyl-N′-methyldithiobarbamate, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate, macozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, thiram, zineb, ziram;
nitrites such as:
2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, disodium cyanodithioimidocarbamate;
quinolines such as:
8-hydroxyquinoline and their copper salts;
other fungicides and bactericides such as:
bethozaxin, 5-hydroxy-2(5H)furanone, 4,5-benzodithiazolinone, 4,5-trimethylenedithiazolinone, N-(2-p-chlorobenzoylethyl)hexaminium chloride, 2-oxo-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetohydroxycinnamoyl chloride, tris-N-(cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)aluminium, N-(cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)tributyltin or its potassium salts, bis-N-(cyclohexyldiazeniumdioxy)copper; iprovalicarb, fenhexamide, spiroxamine, carpropamid, diflumetorin, quinoxyfen, famoxadone, polyoxorim, acibenzolar S-methyl, furametpyr, thifluzamide, methalaxyl-M, benthiavalicarb, metrafenone, cyflufenamid, tiadinil, tea tree oil, phenoxyethanol,
Ag, Zn or Cu-containing zeolites alone or incorporated into polymeric materials.
abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acetoprole, acrinathrin, alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, aldrin, allethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, amidoflumet, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos A, azinphos M, azocyclotin,
Bacillus thuringiensis, barthrin, 4-bromo-2(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, betacyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioresmethrin, bioallethrin, bistrifluoron, bromophos A, bromophos M, bufencarb, buprofezin, butathiophos, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim,
cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, carbosulfan, cartap, quinomethionate, cloethocarb, 4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methylpropyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-3(2H)-pyridazinone (CAS-RN: 120955-77-3), chlordane, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N′-cyano-N-methylethaneimidamide, chlorpicrin, chlorpyrifos A, chlorpyrifos M, cis-resmethrin, clocythrin, clothiazoben, cypophenothrin, clofentezin, coumaphos, cyanophos, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyhexatin, cypermethrin, cyromazin,
decamethrin, deltamethrin, demeton M, demeton S, demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron, dialiphos, diazinon, 1,2-dibenzoyl-1(1,1-dimethyphydrazine, DNOC, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos, dicliphos, dicrotophos, difethialone, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, 3,5-dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate, dimethyl(phenyl)silylmethyl-3-phenoxybenzyl ether, dimethyl(4-ethoxyphenyl)silylmethyl-3-phenoxybenzyl ether, dimethylvinphos, dioxathion, disulfoton,
eflusilanate, emamectin, empenthrin, endosulfan, EPN, esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethofenprox, etrimphos, etoxazole, etobenzanid,
fenamiphos, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide, fenfluthrin, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenpyrad, fenpyroximate, fensulfothion, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, fluacrypyrim, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenerim, flufenoxuron, flupyrazofos, flufenzine, flumethrin, flufenprox, fluvalinate, fonophos, formethanate, formothion, fosmethilan fosthiazate, fubfenprox, furathiocarb,
halofenocid, HCH, (CAS RN: 58-89-9), heptenophos, hexaflumuron, hexythiazox, hydramethylnon, hydroprene,
imidacloprid, imiprothrin, indoxycarb, iodfenfos, iprinomectin, iprobenfos, isazophos, isoamidophos, isofenphos, isoprocarb, isoprothiolane, isoxathion, ivermectin, lama-cyhalothrin, lufenuron,
lambda-cyhalothrin, lufenuron,
malathion, mecarbam, mervinphos, mesulfenphos, metaldehyde, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, metalcarb, milbemectin, monocrotophos, moxiectin,
naled, NI 125, nicotine, nitenpyram, noviflumuron,
omethoate, oxarnyl, oxydernethon M, oxydeprofos,
parathion A, parathion M, penfluoron, permethrin, 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl ethylcarbamate, phenthoate, phorate, phosalon, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimicarb, pirimiphos M, pirimiphos A, prallethrin, profenophos, promecarb, propaphos, propoxur, prothiophos, prothoate, pymetrozin, pyrachlophos, pyridaphenthion, pyresmethrin, pyrethrum, pyridaben, pyridalyl, pyrimidifen, pyriproxifen, pyrithiobac-sodium,
resmethrin, rotenone,
salithion, sebufos, sitafluofen, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, sulfotep, sulprofos,
tau-fluvalinate, taroils, tebufenozide, tebufenpyrad, tebupirimphos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, terbam, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, tetramethacarb, thiacloprid, thiafenox, thiamethoxam, thiapronil, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiazophos, thiocyclam, thiomethon, thionazin, thuringiensin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, triarathen, triazophos, triazamate, triazuron, trichlorfon, triflumuron, trimethacarb,
vamidothion, xylylcarb, zetamethrin;
herbicides and algicides:
acetochlor, acifluorfen, aclonifen, acrotein, alachlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amidosulfuron, amitrole, ammonium sulphamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, aziptrotryne, azimsulfuron,
benazotin, benfluratin, benfuresate, bensulfuron, bensulfide, bentazone, benzofencap, benzthiazuron, bifenox, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, borax, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, butachlor, butamifos, butralin, butylate, bialaphos, benzoyl-prop, bromobutide, butroxydim,
carbetamide, carfentrazone-ethyl, carfenstrole, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorbromuron, chlorflurenol, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlomitrofen, chloroacetic acid, chloransulam-methyl, cinidon-ethyl chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal, chlorthiamid, cinmethylin, cinofutsuron, clefoxydim, clethodim, clomazone, chlomeprop, clopyralid, cyanamide, cyanazine, cycloate, cycloxydim, chloroxynil, clodinafop-propargyl, cumyluron, clometoxyfen, cyhatofop, cyhatofop-butyl, clopyrasuluron, cyclosulfamuron,
diclosulam, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diethatyl, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethipin, dinitramine, dinoseb, dinoseb acetate, dinoterb, diphenamid, dipropetryn, diquat, dithiopyr, diduron, DNOC, DSMA, 2,4-D, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, 2,4-DB, desmedipham, desmetryn, dicamba, dichlobenil, dimethamid, dithiopyr, dimethametryn,
eglinazine, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethidimuron, ethofumesate, ethobenzanid, ethoxyfen, ethametsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron,
fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenuron, flamprop, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fuenachlor, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flumeturon, fluorocglycofen, fluoronitrofen, flupropanate, flurenol, fluridone, fluorochloridone, fluoroxypyr, fomesafen, fosamine, fosametine, flamprop-isopropyl, flamprop-isopropyl-L, flufenpyr flumiclorac-pentyl, flumipropyn, flumioxzim, flurtamone, flumioxzim, flupyrsulfuron-methyl, fluthiacet-methyl,
glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium
haloxyfop, hexazinone,
imazamethabenz, isoproturon, isoxaben, isoxapyrifop, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, ioxynil, isopropalin, imazosulfuron, imazomox, isoxaflutole, imazapic,
lactofen, lenacil, linuron,
MCPA, MCPA-hydrazide, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron, metam, metamifop, metarnitron, metazachlor, methabenzthiazuron, methazole, methoroptryne, methyldymron, methyl isothiocyanate, metobromuron, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, molinate, monalide, monalinuron. MSMA, metolachlor, metosulam, metobenzuron,
naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, sodium chlorate, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen, oxysulfuron, orbencarb, oryzalin, oxadiargyl.
propyzamide, prosulphocarb, pyrazolate, pyrazolsulfuron, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridate, paraquat, pebulate, pendimethalin, pentachlorophenol, pentoxazone, pentanochlor, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, picloram, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafob, propazine, propham, propisochlor, pyriminobacmethyl, pelargonic acid, pyrithiobac, pyraflufen-ethyl,
quinmerac, quinocloamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-P, quinchlorac,
sethoxydim, sifuron, simazine, simetryn, sulphosulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfentrazone, sulcotrione, sulphosate,
tar oils, TCA, TCA-sodium, tebutam, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thiazafluoron, thifensulfuron, thiobencarb, thiocarbazil, tralkoxydim, triallate, triasulphuron, tribenuron, triclopyr, tridiphane, trietazine, trifluoralin, tycor, thdiazimin, thiazopyr, triflusulfuron,
In the present context, industrial materials are to be understood as meaning non-living materials which have been prepared for use in industry. Industrial materials which are to be protected by the present invention against microbial change or destruction are, for example, adhesives, sizes, paper and board, textiles, leather, wood, timber products, wood-plastic composites, paints, synthetic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be attacked or destroyed by microorganisms. Parts of production plants, for example cooling-water circuits, which may be impaired by the multiplication of microorganisms may also be mentioned as materials to be protected. Industrial materials in the context of the present invention are preferably adhesives, sizes, paper and board, leather, wood, timber products, wood-plastic composites, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer liquids; particularly preferred industrial materials are wood, timber products and wood-plastic composites (WPC).
Wood is to be understood as meaning, in particular: construction timber, wooden beams, railway sleepers, bridge components, jetties, vehicles made of wood, boxes, pallets, containers, telephone poles, wooden fences, wood lagging, windows and doors made of wood, joiners work and wood-based materials used in domestic construction or carpentry and joinery.
Timber products are to be understood as meaning, in particular: plywood, chipboard, fibre board, oriented strand board (OSB) or composite board.
Wood-plastic composites are to be understood as meaning, in particular: thermoplastically processable composites consisting of wood, plastic and additives.
Wood is particularly preferred.
Microorganisms which may be mentioned as causing degradation or modification of the industrial materials are, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms. The mixtures according to the invention preferably act against wood-destroying basidiomycetes, preferably holobasidiomycetes.
Here, mention may be made, in particular, of fungi of the following genera:
Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetana,
Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigrinus,
Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor,
Gloeophyllum, such as Gloeophyllum trabeum,
Poria, such as Poria placenta,
Stereum, such as Stereum sanguinolentum.
In addition, the compositions to be used according to the invention act against wood-destroying and soft rot-causing ascomycetes and associated deuteromycetes, such as, for example,
species of the genus Glenospora, such as Glenospora graphii,
species of the genus Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum,
species of the genus Humicola, such as Humicola grisea,
species of the genus Petriella, such as Petriella setifera,
species of the genus Trichurus, such as Trichurus spiralis,
species of the genus Lecythophora, such as Lecythophora mutabilis
species of the genus Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila
species of the genus Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans
Surprisingly, it has now been found that, by the use according to the invention, it is possible to increase the activity of azoles, thus reducing weaknesses in activity, so that it is possible to use less active compound or to cover a broader spectrum of harmful fungi.
The invention furthermore relates to compositions comprising
Preferred compositions according to the invention comprise at least one azole selected from the group consisting of tebuconazole, propiconazole and cyproconazole and optionally a further azole selected from the group consisting of triadimenol and triadimefon.
Otherwise, the preferred ranges for the compositions used according to the invention also apply to the compositions according to the invention.
The invention furthermore relates to a process for preparing the composition according to the invention.
The composition according to the invention can be prepared, for example, by mixing the individual components, optionally with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents, optionally using further additives.
The invention furthermore relates to industrial materials, in particular wood, timber products or wood/plastic composites, comprising
a) at least one azole and
b) at least one amidoalkylamine of the formula (I), a salt and/or acid addition compound thereof,
in which R1 represents optionally substituted C2-C40-alkyl or C2-C40-alkenyl, R2, R3 and R4 independently of one another represent hydrogen or C1-C8-alkyl and n represents an integer from 1 to 6.
Moreover, the invention relates to a method for protecting industrial materials against attack and/or destruction by microorganisms, characterized in that at least one composition comprising
a) at least one azole and
b) at least one amidoalkylamine of the formula (I), a salt and/or acid addition compound thereof,
in which R1 represents optionally substituted C2-C40-alkyl or C2-C40-alkenyl, R2, R3 and R4 independently of one another represent hydrogen or C1-C8-alkyl is allowed to act on the microorganism or its habitat.
This method is to be considered as equivalent to the use according to the invention. Otherwise, all preferred ranges for the use or the composition according to the invention also apply to this method.
In the method according to the invention or in the use, the compositions are preferably applied to the industrial material by painting, drenching, spraying, impregnating or in a different way.
In the case of wood and timber products, preference is given to industrial impregnation processes, for example the vacuum, double vacuum, vacuum pressure or pressure process.
The amount of drench solution taken up by the wood depends on the process. In the vacuum pressure process, the wood preferably takes up 200-700 kg of drench solution per m3 of wood, in the double vacuum process preferably 20-40 kg/m3. The impregnation time depends on the process, in the pressure process it is, for example, from 0.5 to 6 hours, in the double vacuum process from 3 to 60 min. With preference, based on the active compound employed, from 10 to 500 g, preferably from 50 to 400 g, in particular from 100 to 350 g, preferably from 100 to 250 g, of active compound and additionally activity enhancer and optionally further additives are used per m3 of wood.
Wood-plastic composites can be prepared, for example, by mixing wood particles, a thermoplastic polymer and the compositions with input of thermal energy, in particular by extrusion or injection moulding.
Mycelium pieces were punched out of a colony of the wood-destroying fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and incubated at 26° C. on a malt extract/peptone-containing nutrient agar. The hyphae growth with and without added active compound and/or amidoalkylamine was compared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) stated is the concentration at which the radial hyphae growth is suppressed completely (incubation time: about 1 week depending on the fungal growth of the comparative sample without active compound).
The amidoalkylamine of the formula (I) used in all examples was a compound of the formula
R1 represents a mixture of various fatty acid radicals; the compound of the formula (I) thus being used as a mixture of the following compositions:
5-10% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkyl radical of octanoic acid
5-9% by eight of (I) where R1=an alkyl radical of decanoic acid
41-53% by weight where R1=an alkyl radical of dodecanoic acid
16-21% by weight where R1=an alkyl radical of tetradecanoic acid
8-12% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkyl radical of hexadecanoic acid
5-10% by weight of (I) where R1=an alkenyl radical of oleic acid.
This amidoalkylamine mixture (hereinbelow additive I) was used in an 80% strength form of the commercial product Adsee® C80/W from Akzo Nobel which comprises, as remainder, water and propylene glycol.
The synergism was determined by the method described by Kull et al. (F. C. Kull, P. C. Eismann, H. D. Sylvestrowicz, R. L. Mayer, Applied Microbiology 1961, 9, 538-541). Here, the following relations apply:
X=1 means additivity
X>1 means antagonism
X<1 means synergism
Qa=concentration of substance A which is the MIC
Qb=concentration of substance B which is the MIC
QA=concentration of substance A in the concentration of A/B which suppresses the microbial growth
QB=concentration of substance B in the concentration of A/B which suppresses the microbial growth
MIC against
Gloeophyllum trabeum (ppm)
value X
tebuconazole/additive 1 (1:0.8)
tebuconazole/additive 1 (1:3.2)
tebuconazole/additive 1 (1:7.2)
additive 1
1)up to 30 ppm, no inherent activity was noticed.
In the case of the wood-destroying fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum, tebuconazole and additive 1 show, at various mixing ratios, a pronounced synergism.
Mycelium pieces were punched out of a colony of the wood-destroying fungus Poria placenta and incubated at 26° C. on a malt extract/peptone-containing nutrient agar. The hyphae growth with and without added active compound and/or additive was compared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) stated is the concentration at which the radial hyphae growth is suppressed completely.
MIC against
Poria placenta (ppm)
value X
triadimefon/additive 1 (1:0.8)
additive 1
1)up to 30 ppm, no inherent activity was noticed.
In the case of the wood-destroying fungus Poria placenta, triadimefon and additive 1 show synergistic activity.
Mycelium pieces were punched out of a colony of the wood-destroying fungus Poria placenta and incubated at 26° C. on a malt extract/peptone-containing nutrient agar. The hyphae growth with and without added active compound and/or additive was compared. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) stated is the concentration at which the radial hyphae growth is suppressed completely.
MIC against
Poria placenta (ppm)
value X
propiconazole/additive 1 (1:0.8)
additive 1
1)up to 30 ppm, no inherent activity was noticed.
In the case of the wood-destroying fungus Poria placenta, propiconazole and additive 1 show synergistic activity.
Formulation a) tebuconazole formulated as a ater-emulsifable concentrate (EC), comprising:
2.5% by weight of tebuconazole, 30% by weight of castor oil ethoxy late and 67.5% of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono(2-methylpropionate) (Texanol®),
Formulation b) tebuconazole+additive 1 formulated as a water-emulsifable concentrate (EC), comprising:
2.5% by weight of tebuconazole, 10% by weight of additive 1 (80% strength in water/propylene glycol), 30% of castor oil ethoxylate and 57.5% by weight of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono(2-methylpropionate) (Texanol®).
Similar to the Normtest EN113, formulations a) and b) were each examined for their efficacy in a test against wood-destroying fungi. Compared to the Normtest, smaller pieces of wood were used, and the woods were exposed to fungal attack for a shorter period of time (8 weeks).
To this end, dried test specimens (25×15×4 mm) of pine (Pinus sylvestris) were in each case vacuum-drenched with aqueous dilutions of formulations a) and b). Based on the concentration of tebuconazole in the drench solution and the uptake of the drench solution into the test specimens, the amount of active compound taken up by the test specimen (retention) was calculated. The test specimens were dried and then weighed. To prevent a misleading colonization by foreign pathogens, the test specimens were sterilized using gamma rays.
The test specimens were brought into contact with the wood-destroying fungus Poria placenta and stored for 8 weeks. The test woods were then cleaned, dried and weighed. The loss of mass was calculated. For each retention, the mean value of six test specimens was determined.
additive 1
of mass
1 (untreated test specimen)
2 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation a)
3 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation b)
4 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation a)
5 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation b)
The test in analogy to EN113 shows that, by using additive 1, the efficacy of tebuconazole is increased. At identical retention (i.e. the amount of active compound taken up by the wood) for tebuconazole, the loss of mass when using additive 1 is less than without.
Formulation c) triadimefon formulated as a water-emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising:
2.5% by weight of triadimefon, 30% by weight of castor oil ethoxylate and 67.5% of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono(2-methylpropionate) (Texanol®),
formulation d) triadimefon+additive 1 formulated as a water-emulsifiable concentrate (EC) comprising:
2.5% by weight of triadimefon, 10% by weight of additive 1 (80% strength in water/propylene glycol), 30% of castor oil ethoxylate and 57.5% by weight of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol mono(2-methylpropionate) (Texanol®).
As described in Example 4, formulations c) and d) were each examined for their efficacy in a test against wood-destroying fungi similar to the Normtest EN113.
The test specimens were brought into contact with the wood-destroying fungus Coniophora puteana and stored for 8 weeks. Evaluation was carried out as described in Example 4.
additive 1
of mass
1 (untreated test specimen)
2 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation c)
3 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation d)
4 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation c)
5 (test specimen treated with the
emulsion from formulation d)
The test in analogy to EN113 shows that, by using additive 1, the efficacy of triadimefon is increased. At identical retention (i.e. the amount of active compound taken up by the wood) for triadimefon, the loss of mass when using additive 1 is less than without.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 18, 1999
|May 15, 2001
|Mississippi State University
|Enhanced wood preservative composition
|May 24, 2000
|Mar 4, 2003
|Lonza Inc.
|Azole/amine oxide preservatives
|Dec 31, 2003
|Aug 5, 2004
|Kao Corporation
|Enhancer composition for agricultural chemicals and agricultural chemical composition
|Feb 3, 2003
|Apr 14, 2005
|Tiedink Johannes Gerardus
|Formulations comprising triazoles and alkoxylated amines
|Aug 3, 1992
|Feb 18, 1993
|Hickson International Plc
|Preservatives for wood and other cellulosic materials
|May 18, 1994
|Feb 2, 1995
|Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation
|Process for the preparation of n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide
|May 25, 2001
|Dec 20, 2001
|Akzo Nobel Nv
|Use of amine compounds with improved biodegradability as adjuvants for pesticides and fertilisers
|Dec 3, 2007
|Jun 12, 2008
|Akzo Nobel N.V.
|Alkylamidopropyl dialkylamine surfactants as adjuvants
|European Search Report from co-pending Application EP09163144 dated Jan. 12, 2010, 4 pages.
|F.C. Kull et al: "Mixtures of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Long-Chain Fatty Acids as Antifungal Agents" Applied Microbioloby, 1961, 9, 538-541.
|T.M. Muzyczko et al; "Fatty amidoamine derivatives: N,N-dimethyl-N-(3 alkylamidopropyl)amines and their salts" Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, Springer, Berlin, DE. Bd45, Nr. 11, Nov. 1, 1968, Seiten 720-725 XP-009090537; ISSN: 0003-021X.
|U.S. Classification
|106/18.32, 514/359, 514/360
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 28, 2010
Owner name: LANXESS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KOOP, BERND;KUGLER, MARTIN;BOETTCHER, ANDREAS;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100909 TO 20101001;REEL/FRAME:025208/0215
|Apr 3, 2015
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 23, 2015
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 13, 2015
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20150823


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Kathleen Mears is a long-time blogger who has been a nursing home resident for 21 years. She is...
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text:
I only charge 55
I only charge 55
The iPhone 5 can be tricky. As long as it has a clean imei and is out of contract it can be done using the slower service. Otherwise, you're looking at the fast service ($100+).
Regarding my iPhone 5 unlock from Toastyunlocks, so far so good...
Communication has been great and my iPhone 5 unlock is being delivered sooner than I expected.
Finally, now I can use my iPhone 5 on T-Mobile!
Thanks Cowboy to you and others for helping all of us unlock our iPhones.
T-Mobile has been the best gift of all since I left AT&T in 2010 after being ripped off for a decade by AT&T:
I have 5 phones and one iPad Mini 2 Cellular on a T-Mobile Family Plan.
Total Cost for all of the above including tax: $114 per month. AT&T would be over $280 per month.
Ship it, Long live T-Mobile and may the business model of AT&T crumble into the ash-bin of history.
Last edited by zeppy; 2014-01-23 at 02:29 AM.
He also emailed me asking me to close the case, then he will refund me. That his paypal account was frozen.
I try to call paypal before they close my case.
Hello everybody
November 24th i paid toastyunlocks to unlock my clean imei iphone untill now it has not been unlocked. He doesnt answer my emails neither my facebook messages.
I spoke with PayPal they told me since its been more than 45 days I need to file a complain with my credit card conpany.
If anyone one want to do a mass police report to put this guy where he belongs Im up.
Thank you
If you paid Toastyunlocks using a Credit Card, contact them now to get your money back. Do not bother with PayPal, go straight to your Credit Card company.
paul&hifi (2014-01-24)
A bunch of people are demanding refunds on his facebook and twiter cause hes no answering their emails and didnt unlock their phones and i ve checking toasty is deleting their facebook and Twitter posts. What a scumbag, weird way of doing business
He can't delete twitter post but he can Facebook.
I ve been checking him since like two weeks, all the facebook posts who people wrote about him like not been able to unlock the phones, refounds, or just criticizing hes company are gone, theres a new ones right now people asking for refounds, those posts will be gone soon as he checks hes facebook.
Ive seen part of the tweets gone aswell, maybe hes just treating them with blacklisting their phones if they dont delete those tweets. Who knows?
Maybe who knows. I can understand having a bad source and having delays etc i have experienced and its really hurt my reputation and business, but I have also been pretty upfront about it and made the moves to correct the problems.
He hasn't shown that at all. He hasn't shown remorse or anything. And has now offered two services I am counting that havent existed in months/ years now. And taking on more and more of those orders to get bigger cash flow. Seems to me like he is truly a scammer, he has harassed me and chronic multiple times on twitter. Making outlandish claims, which he is now doing.
I can't stand the guy at all.
I just wonder to which account new customers are luring to send the money if PayPal had froze hes account?
I wish people really do a research before go with scam artists like toasty.
I like what you said to be upfront and correct the problems. thats the only way to win on the long run.
Yes in the long run it should hopefully all work out.
There is such little room for error in this business (learned that the hard way) and i know a lot of great unlockers that understand that now after the november/october craziness. Its not like a typical online busies where we get a to mark up the product 200%+
Most of us I would say make anywhere between 5%-15% depending on the unlock. So we aren't making bank I would love to know who is making the remaining 85-95% because they could probably buy a new Lamborghini once a month just off me.
What Toasty is doing is offering lower prices which makes people want to buy from him then scamming them out of money. He posted a tweet that he got an order for 850 unlocks. From my math thats anywhere between $46750-$114750. I feel bad for that guy if that is true. Then again if he really did pay that much I am sure he can afford a pretty decent lawyer and put him in his place
Yes I saw those tweets, I admit its kind of funny to read yours and toasty back and forth tweets, but that tweet of 850 unlocks and the one about the western union one, looks more like he wants you to green with envy. Like a kid, because a truly pro wouldnt post those tweets when he cant even unlock my iphone.
Haha i think me and his tweets are funny as well. He really just wanted a rise out of me. Which i will say he sorta got
Now hes going to tweet you: We noticed you're STILL running a defamation campaign agains me.
This theft cant even come here and confront me and rest of people who ve been scammed. Hopefully he does cause our emails and facebook messages he doesnt answer.
Most likely


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September 30th, 2013
Trends are emerging in how young donors and next generation family members approach philanthropy. With such unprecedented access to social media and information, this next generation is seeking to have a greater impact and to further integrate their values in their approach to giving.
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This values-driven approach surfaces even among young people who don't have access to significant wealth. They often make choices about where to shop and where to work based on social values of corporations. And research about the future of social activism shows that young people are becoming more active in promoting social causes, beyond just staying informed about issues.
These common threads of values and impact were also among the top key findings about young philanthropists in a report released this year called "#NextGenDonors: Respecting Legacy, Revolutionizing Philanthropy". This study, conducted by 21/64 and the Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy, explored who how next gen donors think.
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Links to resources hyperlinked above:


text:
Spotlights, slot mags, a winch, and a four speed. Those are the things that drew us like a moth into a fire for this 1972 K5 Blazer. The rig looks like it was someone's trail runner or maybe it was some sort of off-road recovery/rescue vehicle at one time. This truck definitely has some stories to tell. We're not sure what was pulling it around but it had to have been something pretty awesome to have a full sized Blazer rolling behind it across the country. Was it being towed behind an RV or is it possible that this thing would have been towed behind a fire apparatus or other rig to a scene where people may have needed to get into the woods? The bright red paint, all the lights, and the winch point to an interesting direction for us but we're not quite sure what that direction is.
The real kickers on this truck for us are the facts that it appears unrestored and nearly 100% factory stock. Yes, someone added a stockish looking dual exhaust to the truck but the engine compartment shows no signs of molestation other than the presence of an aftermarket Edelbrock carb in place of the factory Quadrajet that would have been there. We're not 100% sure how common or rare it was to see one of these trucks in the four speed trim it has here but we love it. The stick for the transferase and the gear lever rise from the floor right next to each other and the three pedals under the dash rule the school.
As much as we dig the look of this thing with the top on, we truly love it with the top off. Rolling down the road with the family in this one would be huge fun and frankly we wouldn't change a damned thing about this truck other than the oil. You?
Check out the photos below and then hit the link to see the eBay ad –


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Firework May Have Started Ongoing Fire
A fire at a recycling centre in Hertfordshire which has been burning for eleven days, could have been started by a firework.
The company says the cause is still being investigated but there's a chance it may have been started accidentally by a firework. The Fire Service and Environment Agency (EA) have advised WRS that the fire will be allowed to burn itself out in a controlled fashion but it is unknown how long this will take.
In a statement, WRS say they are working alongside the Fire Service and their investigation into the cause of the fire. As the fire started on the very top of the pile, there is a possibility that it could have started by accident, perhaps even by a spent firework.
Once the fire has burned itself out, WRS will implement its clean-up plan to remove the waste ash and clear the site. This clean-up plan is being co-ordinated with the EA to minimise environmental impact. Once the site has been restored, the wood reprocessing operation will resume, once again providing bio-fuel for the green energy plants.
Simon Lupson, Director of WRS said, "This is a very difficult situation for all concerned. We have been operating the wood processing operation very successfully at this site since 2008. It is very frustrating that a fire like this not only stops a good and growing business in its tracks, but restricts the amount of bio-fuel available to green power stations through these winter months, right when they need it most.
I am advised that the fire is contained and we hope that there will be significant improvement in the situation with smoke and ash in the next few days, although the site may not be able to be cleaned up for some weeks. I am very grateful to the emergency services, the Environment Agency, National Grid, the utility companies and our staff at Appspond Lane for their professionalism and the support that they are providing to us as we deal with the situation"
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Cowgirl Hardware Girl's Polka Dot Burn-Out
Boot Barn Item #: 2009304
Color: Click a button belowcolor
size: Click a button below Size Chartsize
- 60% Cotton 40% Polyester
- Sheer burn-out
- Polka dot print
- Glitter screen print heart with horse shiloutte
- Short sleeves
This stylish burn out is a great addition to any little Cowgirl's closet. The cotton polyester blend has just the right amount of stretch and is perfect for layering. The polka dot print and screen print design give this shirt a fashionable look that will pair great with her favorite boots and jeans.Whether your little one is running around the ranch or going to school, she will look great in this shirt.
Lifestyle: Western
Material: Cotton/Polyester
Color: Multi
Product Weight: 1 lbs


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Author: Josef Auer (+49) 69 910-31878
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and resources
Talking Point - Archive
May 28, 2015
The German government is sticking to its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 40% from the 1990 level by 2020. As it currently seems doubtful that the target will be achieved, Minister of Economics Sigmar Gabriel suggests introducing an additional climate contribution for older electricity power plants with particularly high CO2-emissions. Especially older lignite-based power plants would be affected by such a measure. And this at a time when many power plants are under pressure anyway due to changes in the investment strategies of a large Scandinavian investor.
At the end of March this year, the Economics Minister reaffirmed his proposal to introduce an additional climate fee on lignite power plants, which are older than 20 years and whose CO2-emissions exceed a specific level. The initial plan was an additional reduction of 22 million tonnes CO2; currently, "only" 16 million tonnes are being discussed. According to the proposal, the operators of coal power plants are to pay a penalty of up to EUR 20 on each tonne of CO2 exceeding an exemption limit. Those affected most by this new regulation would be the operators of lignite power plants as these of all types of power plant produce the highest emissions per unit of electricity generated.
As a proportion of German primary energy production, lignite has been the largest domestic energy source for years. In 2014 it delivered 55.2 million tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) or 41% of the total energy generated in Germany (135.3 million tonnes tce). In the meantime, renewables, which played only a minor role in the past, have almost caught up (close to 50 million tce) as a result of incentive instruments. These are followed at some distance by natural gas and (due to declining production) domestic hard coal (11 million and just below 8 million tce, respectively). For years, Germany has been the world's largest lignite producer – even ahead of China and Russia; currently, more than one-sixth of global lignite production occurs in Germany.
Lignite deposits are concentrated in four regions: the Rhineland, Lusatia, Central Germany and Helmstedt. In contrast to competing energy sources, the transport of raw lignite over fairly long distances is of no commercial interest given the high water content and relatively low heating value. Thus, roughly nine-tenths of lignite production are made available to local power plants for the generation of power and district heating. In Germany, 1 in every 4 units of electricity consumed is generated from lignite.
With the climate fee, German climate targets are to be achieved, even though there are further effects: for example, CO2-emissions by the EU energy sector are already capped by the EU and are (actually) no longer part of the emission budget of the individual EU countries. National special levies would conflict with the idea of EU emission trading (further). What is more, a special levy on lignite would hit a domestic energy source that has proved to be sustainable, reliable and competitive across the various stages of European electricity market liberalisation and the stormy expansion of green electricity alternatives in Germany. This is added to by the energy supply security of lignite in Germany, which in the current environment of the Russian crisis is gaining more relevance again. Unlike for other fossil energy sources – i.e. coal and natural gas – there is no import dependency for lignite whatsoever. Furthermore, it remains to be seen whether a reduction of lignite-based electricity production in Germany will lead to a rise in (lignite) coal power exports from Poland to its western neighbour.
Outlook: Lignite is a transition energy in the German energy production mix as the expansion of green electricity production in Germany in the coming decades is an integral part of the energy transition and implies a declining volume of all fossil fuels. This means that lignite-based power generation in Germany will decline in the coming years anyway. This is supplemented by the most recent agreement on the implementation of a market stabilisation reserve in the European emissions trading law already in 2019. This could lead to higher emission prices, which in turn will mostly affect lignite in Germany. Thus, the prospects of lignite in German power generation are anything but rosy. The currently expected failure to meet the German greenhouse gas target in 2020 is also attributable to the fact that the German economy outperformed other European countries in the last few years. Nevertheless, only a few idealists are likely to demand weaker economic growth in Germany for reasons of climate protection. There is much to suggest that in the context of the transformation process of the German energy transition towards power generation focused on renewables in the framework of European emissions trading is the solution of choice, instead of intervening at a national level time and again.
Publication of the German original: May 19, 2015
Author: Josef Auer (+49) 69 910-31878
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Talking Point - Archive
© Copyright 2016. Deutsche Bank AG, Deutsche Bank Research, 60262 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. All rights reserved. When quoting please cite "Deutsche Bank Research".
The above information does not constitute the provision of investment, legal or tax advice. Any views expressed reflect the current views of the author, which do not necessarily correspond to the opinions of Deutsche Bank AG or its affiliates. Opinions expressed may change without notice. Opinions expressed may differ from views set out in other documents, including research, published by Deutsche Bank. The above information is provided for informational purposes only and without any obligation, whether contractual or otherwise. No warranty or representation is made as to the correctness, completeness and accuracy of the information given or the assessments made. In Germany this information is approved and/or communicated by Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, licensed to carry on banking business and to provide financial services under the supervision of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin). In the United Kingdom this information is approved and/or communicated by Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch, a member of the London Stock Exchange, authorized by UK's Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and subject to limited regulation by the UK's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) (under number 150018) and by the PRA. This information is distributed in Hong Kong by Deutsche Bank AG, Hong Kong Branch, in Korea by Deutsche Securities Korea Co. and in Singapore by Deutsche Bank AG, Singapore Branch. In Japan this information is approved and/or distributed by Deutsche Securities Inc. In Australia, retail clients should obtain a copy of a Product Disclosure Statement (PDS) relating to any financial product referred to in this report and consider the PDS before making any decision about whether to acquire the product.


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Considers issues related to the interests of businesses, employees, consumers, and others involved in the state's economy. Safeguarding these interests involves balancing the need for appropriate regulation with the need to foster a healthy economy by avoiding unnecessary governmental interference. The committee has legislative responsibility for six departments and commissions: Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission, Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, Department of Commerce, Department of Financial Institutions, Department of Insurance, and Labor Commission.
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