text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 25, 2002
|Filing date
|May 15, 2000
|Priority date
|Jun 30, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Jyoti Mazumder, Timothy Skszek, Joseph K. Kelly, Joohyun Choi
|Original Assignee
|Jyoti Mazumder, Timothy Skszek, Joseph K. Kelly, Joohyun Choi
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (30), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (26), Classifications (32), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application Serial No. 60/142,125, filed Jul. 2, 1999, and is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/107,912, filed Jun. 30, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,122,564, and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/526,631, filed Mar. 16, 2000, the entire contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates generally to laser-based additive manufacturing and, in particular, to direct-metal deposition, or DMD. More specifically, this invention relates to the production of overhang, undercut, and cavity structures using DMD processes.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/526,631 relates to the production of smart dies and molds using a direct metal deposition or DMD process. This parent application describes how DMD may advantageously be employed to integrate sensors into dies, molds, and other articles for monitoring temperature, distortion and/or stress. This previous patent application also illustrates the ability of the DMD method to create complex and multi-material three-dimensional articles with built-in cooling channels and pipes.
The ability to build overhang and undercut features and, in particular, three-dimensional cooling channels in injection die-casting molds, is an important aspect of rapid prototyping. Moreover the ability and flexibility to deposit material in desired locations with DMD to build complicated 3D parts, as well as in-situ 3D channels, adds numerous advantages to the process. With the help of appropriate software to analyze heat transfer phenomena, nearly ideal articles may be manufactured using DMD. Such parts offer highly effective heat transfer while avoiding temperature gradients through uniform cooling made possible in part by channels, pipes, or other three-dimensional structures.
This invention provides further details with respect to the fabrication of overhang, undercut, and cavity structures using laser-aided direct-metal deposition (DMD) processes. Important characteristics of the DMD method include the ability to control the height of the deposited layer from the melt pool for each pass of the laser beam through a feedback controller coupled with optoelectric sensors. The thickness of the deposited layers can be as small as a couple of hundred microns, and the final surface roughness is less than that.
According to the invention, cooling channels and other features, which are part of the geometry or structure of the article, including holes, cavities, discontinuities, steps, corners, and so forth, are created during the same DMD fabrication process. In the preferred embodiment, this is accomplished through the selective deposition of a lower melting point sacrificial material. In one disclosed example, aluminum is used as a sacrificial material in conjunction with the fabrication of a steel body. Other materials and material combinations, including copper-tin alloys, are also disclosed.
Following the integrated deposition of both materials using DMD, the part is soaked in a furnace at a temperature sufficiently high to melt out the sacrificial material. As preferred options, the heating is performed in an inert gas environment to minimize oxidation, with a gas spray also being used to blow out remaining deposits.
Using this technique, articles having integral sensors and cooling channels may be used as part of an automated system for controlling the temperature, stress and strain during the shaping or forming of a product using the resultant smart die or mold. Such a system would preferably include means of controlling the inlet flow of coolant and means for controlling or terminating the forming or injection process. The control is preferably mediated through a computer which analyzes and evaluates the inputs from the sensors and transmits the resulting information to a flow controller and to a process controller or logic gate, so that appropriate actions are carried out on a continuous basis.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a laser-aided direct metal deposition system for fabricating product-shaping devices;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of an optical monitoring system for a laser-aided direct metal deposition system and the important features of the feedback controller, to be used in fabricating product-shaping devices;
FIG. 3A is a transparent isometric view of a sample part fabricated using direct metal deposition including a 0.5-inch cooling channel;
FIG. 3B is a top-view radiographic image of the sample of FIG. 3A showing the consistent diameter of the cooling channel;
FIG. 4A is a transparent isometric view of a sample part fabricated using direct metal deposition including a 0.125-inch cooling channel;
FIG. 4B is a top-view radiographic image of the sample of FIG. 4A showing the consistent diameter of the cooling channel; and
FIG. 5 is a diagram which illustrates a smart die and system for real-time monitoring and controlling the fabrication process and the characteristics of the fabricated article.
The present invention is directed to the fabrication of overhangs, undercuts, cavities, and three-dimensional structures integrated into the body of molds, dies and other articles manufactured using a direct metal deposition (DMD) process. More particularly, such structures are integrated during the fabrication process, which is done layer by layer using a laser-aided DMD system preferably equipped with feedback monitoring and control of the dimensions and overall geometry of the fabricated article.
The geometry of the article is provided by a computer-aided design (CAD) system. The deposition tool path is generated by a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system (CAM) for CNC machining with post-processing software for deposition, instead of software for removal as in conventional CNC machining. CAM software interfaces with the feedback controller. Details of the DMD process can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/107,912, which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the laser-aided direct metal deposition (DMD) system which is the subject of commonly-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/107.912. FIG. 1 is a schematic of the DMD system 102 which includes a feedback controller 104 and a CAD/CAM system 106 for automated production of parts or products. The factors that affect the dimensions of material deposition include laser power, beam diameter, temporal and spatial distribution of the beam, interaction time, and powder flow rate. Adequate monitoring and control of laser power, in particular, has a critical effect on the ability to fabricate completed parts and products with complex geometries and within control tolerances. Accordingly, the feedback controller 104 of the DMD system typically cooperates directly with the numerical controller (NC) 108, which, itself, controls all functions of the DMD system, including laser power.
As shown in FIG. 1, the DMD system comprises a laser source 110 having an appropriate beam focusing means 112. The laser source is mounted above the substrate or workpiece in order to focus the laser beam on the working area, and the workpiece substrate is carried on a worktable 114. Either through the worktable 114 or through some other arrangement, the relative motion between the workpiece substrate and the laser beam and laser spray nozzle is controlled. A power supply unit 116 and a chiller 118 to cool the laser are part of the DMD system. The laser has sufficient density to create a melt pool with the desired composition of substrate or previously deposited layer and cladding powder. The cladding powder, typically metallic, is sprayed on the substrate preferably through a laser spray nozzle with a concentric opening for the laser beam, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,724,299, so that the powder exits the nozzle co-axially with the beam.
The numerical controller 108 controls all operating components of the DMD system of FIG. 1, including the operating conditions of the laser, receiving direction from the CAD/CAM computer 106 for building the part or product. The NC controller also receives feedback control signals from the feedback controller 104 to adjust laser power output, and further controls the relative position of the worktable and laser spray nozzle. The CAD/CAM system is equipped with software which enables it to generate a path across the substrate for material deposition. This feature makes it possible to execute rapid prototyping or to form a solid three-dimensional product directly from CAD specifications.
FIG. 2 shows schematically an optical monitoring system, which also illustrates the principles of the feedback control system of the DMD system. The optical control system is used to monitor optically and electronically a physical characteristic of the melt pool or of the deposited material layer, such as material composition, or physical dimension. The ability to control the height of the layer of material deposit, and to correct imperfections, makes the DMD method the preferred method for fabricating smart dies and molds, as well as any products with built-in integral sensors, and products with pipes, channels and other complex internal or external geometric features, also having non-uniform material composition.
A narrow-band pass filter 410 is placed in front of a camera lens 412. The image is passed through barrel extenders 416, after which a portion of the image (approximately 10 percent) is reflected to an active focal plane of a TV camera 420. The reflected image preferably passes through a neutral density filter 422 placed between the reflector and the active focal plane of the TV camera. The transmissive portion of the optical image passes through the reflector, and the magnified image is masked at a focal plane to provide partial resolution. The image exiting the mask 426 passes through a lens 428 and then to a light-sensitive device such as phototransistor 430. The optical axis 440 angle and the magnification of this optical train are arranged such that small changes in the height of the laser clad can be distinguished by the phototransistor 430.
According to this invention, cooling channels and other features, which are part of the geometry or structure of the article, including holes, cavities, discontinuities, steps, corners, and so forth, are created through the selective deposition of a lower melting point sacrificial material. Preferred materials include zinc, tin, aluminum, and alloys thereof. In principle, as long as the difference in melting temperature between the sacrificial and non-sacrificial materials is sufficiently high, a particular material combination may be made to work, depending upon factors such as dT/da, the size of the part, and so forth. In many cases a melting temperature difference on the order of 100 C. or greater is workable. CuSn was found to be particularly beneficial as a sacrificial material for use with tool steels, including D2, S7, H13 and P20, since the melting temperature of certain CuSn alloys is consistent with that used for heat treating, but below that at which grain growth occurs. CuSn also maintains a consistent height during DMD fabrication processes.
In terms of the technique used, powder is deposited at desired locations as per the instructions received from the sliced CAD file to the controller until the final part was fabricated layer-by-layer with the integrated DMD system. Two samples were fabricated to build up three-dimensional cooling channels. Sample 1 (S1) is shown from an isometric perspective in FIG. 3A, and in the form of a radiograph image in FIG. 3B. This particular sample is constructed from a block of tool steel measuring 2.25�3�0.6 inches, and features a 0.5 inch diameter serpentine cooling channel fabricated through the sacrificial melt-away of a selective deposition, in this case aluminum.
Sample 2 (S2), is shown in isometric view in FIG. 4A, with a corresponding radiograph in FIG. 4B. S2 is fabricated from a smaller block of tool steel, measuring 2�1�1 inch, and includes a copper chiller block and a V-shaped channel measuring 0.125 inches in diameter, also fabricated through the selective deposition and melt-away of an aluminum path.
The processing parameters used in the fabrication of the parts are tabulated in Tables 1, 2, and 3, which are reproduced below:
Processing Parameters for H13 Tool Steel
flow rate
Processing Parameters for Copper
flow rate
Processing Parameters for Aluminum
flow rate
The parameters listed in the tables above were used in deposition in all the layers until completion of the sample. Only in deposition of the first layer of Al was a power of 1250 W used to provide a good bonding between the two interfaces, after which the optical sensor was switched to the OFF mode.
The Al parameters were optimized to curtail warping or delamination of the Al deposited layer from the surface. An important factor that eliminated warping was the nature of the tool pass or the deposition. In particular, it was found that deposition of Al in a zigzag fashion drastically reduced the problem in comparison to a spiral tool path. It was also observed in fabricating Sample 2 (S2) that the warping problem was drastically reduced due to the increased miscibility of Cu in Al as compared to steel.
Oxidation of the aluminum was also feared during the DMD process from the ambient air, but on conducting the experiments in both a shielded chamber (in Ar inert gas) and in the ambient atmosphere, it was determined that the oxidation of the Al was not problematic even when the process was carried out in atmosphere, thus adding a further advantage in comparison to the use of zinc as a sacrificial material.
After the parts were fabricated they were soaked in the furnace at 1400� F. for an hour in an inert gas (Ar) environment. After an hour, most of the aluminum flowed out freely with slight tapping of the workpiece. The remainder of the Al was blown out with the help of Ar gas with adequate protection to guard against splattering of the molten metal. To non-destructively determine the quality and the profile of the channels fabricated in the samples, radiographed images of the samples were taken. The radiographed images are shown below in FIGS. 3B and 4B for samples S1 and S2, respectively, and these radiographs compared favorably to the initial CAD files used to fabricate the parts. As should be evident from the radiographed images, the channels fabricated in the samples by this technique are consistent in diameter throughout. Thus, dimensional accuracy and complicated curved channels can be fabricated by using Al as the sacrificial material using the DMD process.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a smart product-shaping device 600, which could be a die or mold, and the associated system 700 for monitoring and controlling temperature, stress and strain history, and water (or other coolant) flow. The die includes integral cooling channels 620, thermocouples 630, and other semiconductor temperature sensors 640, such as diodes, transistors and thermistors, for the purpose of measuring temperature at different locations within the mold or die. The thermocouples and the solid state electronic sensors provide reliable and consistent temperature measurements, which then serve as input for the computer 650.
In addition to temperature sensors, strain gages and piezoelectric devices are fabricated in critical sites of the product-shaping device to monitor the strain and stress development and accumulation, including stress concentrations, which are caused by non-uniform temperature fluctuations or other constraints and conditions that lead to the formation of residual stresses. These devices are not shown in FIG. 5, but their measurements are also fed to computer 650. The temperature, stress and strain histories received by the computer are compared with stored experimental or theoretical histories, which serve as the knowledge base and the standard model history for the processing and production of new products using the product-shaping apparatus 600. The computer performs a calorimetric calculation and is interfaced with a coolant flow controller 660, which operates an electronic flow meter 670. The flow meter 670 adjusts the amount of coolant through the inlet 680 to the cooling channels.
In addition to the calorimetric calculation that controls the coolant flow, the computer performs a stress and strain history comparison and, based on the results, a GO/NO GO signal is sent to logic gate 720. If the signal is "NO GO," a warning bell 740 is activated to alert the human operator, and the controller 760 stops the injection molding or die casting process. If the signal from the computer is "GO," no further action is taken, and the injection process or die casting proceeds as scheduled.
The method and system of fabricating dies and molds with integral sensors by the present invention can be also applied to other articles in which temperature or other type sensors are useful during actual operation or service. The present invention offers the advantage of creating "smart" products or devices, not limited to tools and industry components, but also including consumer goods, in one integrated operation which is fast, safe and accurate, and it serves the demands of rapid and just-in-time manufacturing. The materials that can be used include, but are not limited to tool steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, tin, nickel and ferrous alloys.
Already existing "smart" products or tools or metallic components or parts thereof, can also be improved, and may be fabricated more efficiently with reduction of time and cost and increased safety using the system and method of the invention, so that the required sensors are embedded in one integral fabrication operation through laser-aided direct metal deposition. New "smart" products or parts may be easily manufactured and brought to market by embedding the appropriate sensors into the body of the product or part during the fabrication process.
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Owner name: DM3D TECHNOLOGY, LLC, MICHIGAN
Free format text: NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:THE POM GROUP, INC.;REEL/FRAME:032026/0810
Effective date: 20121231


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Seriously, you guys are amazing! A couple of you have found little bugs in the webpage I had not yet caught, and you have emailed me and let me know kindly, and that means a lot to me, so thank you!! You've also asked me to add ring sizes, and I am doing that, and should have a bunch of new sizes up this evening. The reason I did not list all of the sizes I planned to have available at once is that I want to be sure I am ready to fulfill any order that comes through in a timely manner, and for me that means having the model ready to put into production. I love the requests, it lets me know what your priorities are, and I can work in that direction.
I am thrilled by the response to the gauge rings! I never expected so many orders in the first few days! I am working as fast as I can, and I do not want to let a single one of you down. That means right now the wait for ring orders is now 2-3 weeks. This will go back down to 2 weeks once I have all of my initial castings on my bench. I work with a caster who has to cast and mold each of the original rings, and then make more castings from each of the molds. (This is why I did not list all the sizes at once, each has to be made and molded first.) This is the part that slows me down; I am not their only customer, so if they have a lot of pieces to make, it might take me an extra day or two to get my castings so I can finish them for you. On the bright side, by supporting me with your sales, we are supporting a small independent jewelry caster right here in Chicago as well. I don't like keeping secrets, and I want to share how this works, so there are no unhappy surprises. The good thing is you get a carefully hand-made ring when I am done.
I am always open to your concerns, questions, suggestions, and so many kind words. Thanks to each and everyone of you who have ordered, or have come by my website to see what this is all about.

subset: commoncrawl


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The two-day slowboat from Huay Xai (pronounced "Hok Say") to Pak Beng and then to Luang Prabang, along the Nam Khong (Mekong river) had to have been the highlight of this trip, although other moments of less duration would rival it for top honors.
Of the 70 or so passengers, the boat was almost entirely Falang, except for the crew, the bar keeps and a Japanese guy. The main groups of Caucasians were the Italians and the British, but other sizeable groups included Canadians and Americans from the
Nearly all the Falang were college-aged kids – "backpackers" I guess the term is. All moved as members of sub-groups. The Japanese guy and I seemed to be the only solo travelers on the boat.
There were two or three older couples close to my age, so I wasn't the only Oldie But Goodie slow boating it down one of the great rivers of the planet.
The scenery was stunning. So many untouched as well as deforested mountains down a river whose color reminded me of milk chocolate or café au'lait.
One of the great things about the ride was you didn't need to go anywhere to see vast tracts of land and river. The scenery was constantly changing and "the movie" went on for hours, along with sensory inputs like smell and touch and interaction with fellow "viewers."
Staying in your seat – if you had one, which I didn't that first day; just like on buses, there are always some people who took up two seats instead of one; never could figure that out. Were they just so dense or did they just figure their ticket for one entitled them to two? Anyway, staying in your seat all the time would have been boring, no matter how great the limestone karsts. So, most everyone moved around the boat occasionally, as much as space would allow.
The engine room was deafening, but interesting and you usually had it all to yourself, with the same great scenery moving past you. Back of the engine room, towards the stern, there was always a party going on and hard alcohol (40-proof) the major drink, along with the boat's overpriced Beer Lao (5% alcohol) that was copiously drunk throughout the boat.
Towards the bow, at the front end of the boat, the captain sat, along with one or two of his friends. It was a nice perspective from here cuz you could really get a good idea of how the boats navigate the river.
The vast majority of the seating was between the bow and the engine room. At the rear of the seating area was a small bar serviced by one or two Khon Lao, usually with children. In back of the bar, before the engine room, was the lavatory. Some boats have two.


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Someone recently pointed out to me that when purchasing my perfume I should consider cruelty free perfume. I looked a little puzzled as I had heard of make-up and cosmetics being free of animal testing but did not consider that perfumes also can include animal extracts and be tested on animals. It is true that lots of animals such as mice, rats, rabbits, birds and monkeys and even our domestic pets such as cats and dogs are used for experimentation and product testing. These animals die suffering in extreme pain so that we can have our smelly perfumes.
With this in mind I have decided that before I buy anymore perfume I will first find out if animals have been used in the testing of the product. I have done quite a bit of research on this and have found that there are lots of suppliers out there that promote perfume that excludes animal testing.
Cruelty free perfume suppliers
I've found that there are many companies that are committed to making their products without testing them on animals. In fact there is a cruelty free list of companies that don't test on animals available on line. However I could ask how do we really know if the company's cruelty free perfume hasn't been tested on animals. Can we really trust what these companies say. If a company has announced that their products are free of animal testing then if they are then found to be lying then they can face lawsuits and also it would be a marketing disaster with plummetting sales. Lots of companies have now subscrived to PETA which allow them to show a cruelty free logo on their products these companies are vetted regularly so when you see the logo you can buy with confidence.
I also found another logo that is often found on cosmetics and perfumes which are free of animal testing and it is the leaping bunny. Any products with this logo are certified as free from animal testing.


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Wrinkles and other aging signs are said to be ladys biggest enemies. Even if youre getting older with age, you will never want to look old. There have been a lot of ways to look young. Some products come at a steeper price yet some are available at cheaper rates. The ultimate result or expectation from these products is to make you look younger.
The last few years have seen a rise in the anti aging industry. The products and results available can be considered as the pious grail of longevity. The market today has more than a thousand anti aging products. The products are further classified into two categories. The first category includes lotions and creams while the second category includes vitamins and anti aging supplements.
The Process of Aging
The process of aging is inevitable and we all know that, but we surely can delay it and not allow it to reflect on our skins for a longer period of time. It is a process which is natural and can be delayed by using anti aging supplements. The right kind of supplements needs to be taken and it will help you live a healthier and longer life.
Click Here For Our Exclusive Review Of The Top Antiaging Products
One of the major reasons for pre-age signs of aging is unhealthy food habits and stressful lifestyles. The anti aging supplements help your body gain all the required anti oxidants and vitamins. These supplements can help your body get into the right tone and make your skin look fresh and new. Having a proper planned out schedule can also help you get a fresher look.
Different types of Supplements
There are a number of anti aging supplements available in the market. These are the natural remedies to fight the signs and effects of aging. Not only do they make you look young but will also help you in leading a healthy life. The best and the most effective of these supplements are discussed below
The Acai Berry is one of the most sought after and helpful natural supplements that fight aging. The power of these natural supplements is such that many companies are using them as ingredients in their anti aging and beauty products like creams, lotions and pills.
Resveratrol is another popular natural supplement helping in this cause of anti aging. They have been under a lot of research for their benefits and are also responsible for the health effects of wine. The strength of this supplement lies in its effect on the cardiovascular and nervous system.
Green Tea belongs to the group of naturally found anti aging supplements. Easily available throughout the world, this supplement helps in getting your heart richer and thus gives great effects and results to the skin and other organs of the body.
With all the natural supplements available around you along with lotions and creams, the process of not looking older than what you actually are has become easier and convenient. Make sure you know about the product well before using it. Using lotions with natural ingredients is much recommended.


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|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
|« Date » · « Thread »
|Ariel Constenla-Haile <arie...@apache.org>
|Re: calc BeanShell script save gives "error saving script" window.
|Sun, 03 Mar 2013 14:21:21 GMT
On Sun, Mar 03, 2013 at 08:10:41AM -0600, Larry Evans wrote: > So: > > http://www.openoffice.org/dev_docs/source/sys_reqs_aoo34.html > > where it says gnome is required is wrong? IOW, it should just > say libgtk2? Gnome is only a requirement for accessibility to work (via Orca), but you can use OpenOffice in any desktop environment as long as you have gtk2 libraries. > > What desktop environment do you have? > My os is ubuntu 10.04 LTS. However, it appears I've also > got gnome because on my panel, when I select System, > it shows an "About Gnome" item. What's confusing is > that synaptic shows gnome is not installed. If you have the default Ubuntu installation, then you already have all gtk2 libraries :) > > You > > don't need to install gnome, and sure you have gtk2 libraries already > > installed ;) > Yep, synaptic shows several packages installed with names > starting with libgtk2, in particular it shows: > > libgtk2.0-dev packages ending with *-dev are for development, you don't need them unless you are planning to develop with that library. Regards -- Ariel Constenla-Haile La Plata, Argentina
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Hemp farmers in Oregon are getting more and more interested in the potential medical uses of their crops instead of the traditional industrial uses, such as clothing, textiles and food.
The Oregon Department of Agriculture is poised to begin re-issuing licenses for hemp growers in the state next month, and as potential licensees begin to line up for permits, the discussion over what use that hemp will be put to is at the forefront.
Read more at Marijuana Business Daily


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Buffalo-double exposure-american buffalo-landscape puzzle
per puzzle
About This Product
- Sold by
Size: 11x14 Photo Puzzle with Gift Box
Turn designs, photos, and text into a great game with customizable puzzles! Made of sturdy cardboard and mounted on chipboard, these puzzles are printed in vivid and full color. For hours of puzzle enjoyment, give a custom puzzle as a gift today!
- Dimensions: 11" x 14" (252 pieces)
- Includes beautiful gift box with puzzle image printed on lid
- Sturdy cardboard stock, mounted on chipboard
- Easy wipe-clean surface
Designer Tip: To ensure the highest quality print, please note that this product's customizable design area measures 10.5" x 13.5". For best results please add 1/4" bleed.
Will be made by
Valhalla, NY
About This Design
Buffalo-double exposure-american buffalo-landscape puzzle
bulls ,western ,"double exposure art " ,"american bison" ,"double exposure photography" ,"bison animal ","wild bison" ,"animal bison" ,"bull bison" ,"bison american "
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Buy Discount Medical Supplies: 4 Recommendations
Beating Urinary Incontinence: Non-Surgical and Surgical Options
AirLife™ Oxygen Supply Tubing- Crush-Resistant and Green for Patient Safety
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Ideal for treatment of dry, injured, or exposed skin.
Enhanced with Lanolin and vitamins A and D in a petrolatum base.
Aids in the prevention of chafing and chapping.
Item: ADM160 Sold as a 15 oz jar.


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New Kombucha Drink Branding & Packaging Design
Toast have recently completed the branding and drink packaging design for a new brand on the market, The Kombucha Tea Co.
Kombucha is a healthy alternative to fizzy drinks, packed full of probiotics, antioxidants and vitamins, so there are lots of health benefits, and it's great for the immune system. It originated in China around 2000 years ago and the Chinese call it the "Immortal Health Elixir".
It's very popular the US with a big and passionate following and is now appearing on our shores. We've created the branding and drink packaging design.
Daniel Jones is the man behind "The Kombucha Tea Co" and having spent a lot of time states-side Daniel tried lots of Kombucha over there and saw its potential. He did his research and decided that the time was right to engage a branding agency to bring an authentic and quality Kombucha Tea product to the UK.
Toast was briefed to provide brand strategy, naming and brand design for Daniels new Kombucha brand. Following a very interesting and successful brand workshop at Toast, it was agreed that we needed to create a simple, honest and yet authoritarian name for the brand and after a few different options "The Kombucha Tea Co" was born.
This builds on the movement in the US and it's clear as to what the brand is and what it's products are.
The brand design is deliberately elegant, grown-up and stripped back, with nothing to hide. Clear, confident and aesthetic with no gimmicky elements. The live culture in the product is on proudly visible through a see-through label as that's the good stuff, the live culture is what provides all of the health benefits.
It was identified in the brand workshop that to hide the product behind a solid wrap-around label would be a bad idea as we wanted the consumer to understand the product and its live culture nature.
As with all start-up brands that we work with, we aim to create a brand identity and drink packaging that can flex and develop as the business grows.
The brand workshop that we provided at the beginning of the project gives the brand a solid foundation to grow from and helps to ensure that all key messages and communications are consistent and on-brand, building trust in the eyes of the consumer.
We at Toast also have a thorough understanding of where Daniel aims to take the brand in the future, and we aim to help him with a variety of services to help him achieve his goals.
Find out more about The Kombucha Tea Co at www.thekombuchateaco.com
"Working with Toast Design has been great. I approached them with nothing but an idea to start a drinks company. We worked together in building the brand that I now have today. That's everything from the company name, logo, what the bottle and packaging would look like, the website, and all marketing materials. They were professional, a joy to work with, and most importantly, the work they produced is excellent. If anyone is in the same position as I was and is looking for a partner to help build their brand, I'd recommend Toast Design."
Daniel Jones, Founder, The Kombucha Tea Co.
The Toast team has a wealth of experience in the design of food brands and drink packaging, for both start-up and grown-up brands. Wherever you are on your journey from concept to shelf, Toast can help you.
Our services
We helped Kombucha launch this new product by providing the following services:
- Branding & Naming Workshop
- Branding
- Drink packaging design
- Artwork & production


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Accession Number : ADD011828
Title : Dual Drain Mosfet detector for Crosstie Memory Systems.
Descriptive Note : Patent Application,
Corporate Author : DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY WASHINGTON DC
Personal Author(s) : Bluzer,N
Report Date : 22 Mar 1985
Pagination or Media Count : 14
Abstract : This patent application discloses a circuit for detecting binary information in crosstie memory systems includes a dual drain MOSFET device having a single channel with a common source and an integrated, thin-film strip of magnetic material suitable for the storage and propagation of Bloch line-crosstie pairs acting as both a shift register and the device's gate. Current flowing through the device, in the absence of a magnetic field, is equally distributed to each drain; however, changing magnetic fields, normal to the plane of the device and generated by Bloch line-crosstie pairs in the strip, interact with the current such that a distribution imbalance exists and one drain or the other receives a disproportionate fraction of the current depending upon the direction of the magnetic field.
Descriptors : *PATENT APPLICATIONS, *MEMORY DEVICES, *MOSFET SEMICONDUCTORS, BINARY NOTATION, DETECTORS, DRAINAGE, MAGNETIC FIELDS, MATERIALS, CHANNELS, THIN FILMS, SOURCES, GATES(CIRCUITS), SHIFT REGISTERS, STORAGE
Subject Categories : Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Solid State Physics
Distribution Statement : APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE


text:
Richard A. Meyers, Derald G. Smith, Harry M. Jol, Curt D. Peterson; Evidence for eight great earthquake-subsidence events detected with ground-penetrating radar, Willapa barrier, Washington. Geology ; 24 (2): 99–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0099:EFEGES>2.3.CO;2
Download citation file:
A new approach to detect Holocene subduction-zone earthquakes combines the results from ground-penetrating radar (GPR), Vibracores, and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates from a barrier spit located west of Willapa Bay, southwest Washington. GPR data show a 10-m-thick facies of beach sand within which we identify, and Vibracores confirm, beach-parallel, wave-eroded, buried scarps mantled with multiple beds of magnetite. The eight GPR-detected buried scarps are interpreted to be eroded by minor transgressions caused by instantaneous barrier subsidence during earthquakes associated with the Juan de Fuca plate subducting under the North American plate. Of these scarps, four have been AMS dated at 300, 1110, 2540, and 4250 (radiocarbon) yr B.P. No datable material has yet been found for the other four radar-detected scarps, but we interpolate and extrapolate dates of 1800, 3400, 5000, and 5800 yr B.P.
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AddOLEObject Method [Excel 2003 VBA Language Reference]
Creates an OLE object. Returns a Shape object that represents the new OLE object.
expression.AddOLEObject(ClassType, FileName, Link, DisplayAsIcon, IconFileName, IconIndex, IconLabel, Left, Top, Width, Height)
expression Required. An expression that returns a Shapes object.
ClassType Optional Variant. (you must specify either ClassType or FileName). A string that contains the programmatic identifier for the object to be created. If ClassType is specified, FileName and Link are ignored. For more information about programmatic identifiers, see OLE Programmatic Identifiers .
FileName Optional Variant. The file from which the object is to be created. If the path isn't specified, the current working folder is used. You must specify either the ClassType or FileName argument for the object, but not both.
Link Optional Variant. True to link the OLE object to the file from which it was created. False to make the OLE object an independent copy of the file. If you specified a value for ClassType, this argument must be False. The default value is False.
DisplayAsIcon Optional Variant. True to display the OLE object as an icon. The default value is False.
IconFileName Optional Variant. The file that contains the icon to be displayed.
IconIndex Optional Variant. The index of the icon within IconFileName. The order of icons in the specified file corresponds to the order in which the icons appear in the Change Icon dialog box (accessed from the Object dialog box when the Display as icon check box is selected). The first icon in the file has the index number 0 (zero). If an icon with the given index number doesn't exist in IconFileName, the icon with the index number 1 (the second icon in the file) is used. The default value is 0 (zero).
IconLabel Optional Variant. A label (caption) to be displayed beneath the icon.
Left , Top Optional Variant. The position (in points) of the upper-left corner of the new object relative to the upper-left corner of the document. The default value is 0 (zero).
Width , Height Optional Variant. The initial dimensions of the OLE object, in points.
This example adds a linked Word document to
Set myDocument = Worksheets(1)
myDocument.Shapes.AddOLEObject Left:=100, Top:=100, _
Width:=200, Height:=300, _
FileName:="c:\my documents\testing.doc", link:=True
This example adds a new command button to
Set myDocument = Worksheets(1)
myDocument.Shapes.AddOLEObject Left:=100, Top:=100, _
Width:=100, Height:=200, _


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Our newspaper coverage spans the breadth of Cornwall with The Cornishman covering the west of Cornwall, the West Briton covering the mid-Cornwall area, and the Cornish Guardian serving the north and east of the county. All use their resources to power www.cornwalllive.com.
We also publish high quality glossy magazines, Cornwall Today - the best-read county lifestyle magazine for Cornwall published every month, and surf magazine Wavelength - which has 9 editions per year and is distributed nationally.
Our free gardening publication, Country Gardener, has a dedicated following and spans several counties in the south of England with 8 editions being published 9 times a year.
Our website http://www.cornwalllive.com/ offers all the up-to-date news, sport and 'What's On' information local to the area as well as details on properties and vehicles for sale in Cornwall, job vacancies, announcements and private adverts.
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