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A Conversation with Anderea Morara
Anderea Morara, Author of Management Gems for All Time Speaks
Tell us about yourself, your background and current "station" in life.
I am the first born child in our family, which lives in a rural setting. My father was a teacher and as some may know, in those days, teachers were seen as the cream of society. So my family was viewed as belonging to the elite in that environment.
I graduated with an Education degree from the University of Nairobi in 1976 and taught briefly at Cardinal Otunga High School, Mosocho, before joining the Civil Service as an economist/statistician. While working in the Civil Service I was sponsored for post graduate studies in Economics at University of Nairobi and York University in Canada.
When I resumed work, I a changed situation from what I had left and that despite my education I wasn't getting what I expected. I resigned and joined the NGO sector, what with a more attractive pay than the civil service. However, I soon found the job not as fulfilling as I had expected. I later left to join The Daily Nation as Senior Writer, where I rose to become Business Editor after a short time.
It is at the Daily Nation that I ran a weekly column, Business Tidbits, which opened a number of pathways for me one of which was the position of CEO at small enterprise development NGO. I would later become the Executive Director and CEO at the Kenya Institute of Management (KIM), the first "non-retired" CEO of the institute by that time.
While the work at KIM was fulfilling the institutional culture placed a lot of inertia in forward movement which was at variance from the business culture I was used to.
Thereafter I had a stint on consultancy despite the Moi-era challenges, international pressure, economic stagnation and political upheaval. I would later take a contract as Head of Corporate Planning at Kenya Wildlife Service at end of whichI secured a years' consultancy assignment in Tanzania with FAO/World Bank in an integrated rural development project. I have been in consultancy ever since, mainly focusing on strategic management, monitoring & evaluation, research and capacity building.
On occasion I do teaching at university. At the back of all these, I am always, writing or editing.
When did you first realize you wanted to be a writer?
I don't know. However, I have always been writing and telling stories since my primary school days. I used to get top marks for my essays. I won a national prize for essay writing when I was in form three and a regional prize when I was in form five. These prizes encouraged me to consider writing as a vocation, reinforced by encouragement from my teachers.
How did you develop interest in writing and what was your first published item? Where was this published?
In the 1960s & 70s Drum was the most popular magazine in the rural areas. I started writing letters to Drum Magazine when I was in primary school. I was most excited when Drum first published one of my letters, though some of my teachers and fellow pupils seemed to celebrate this more. And thus, my interest in writing was ignited.
When did you write your first book and how old were you? What was the title and where was it published?
After form six (aged 18) I wrote a play, A Proud Madman, which I submitted to Heinemann. After several months, I was a response with the comment, "very interesting but we cannot publish it in its current form. Did you try it on stage? May be you should try putting your thoughts into a novel."
Despite the regret, I was most encouraged.. I subsequently started on several novels, but none of them, except one, was ever completed. I hope to complete all of them one day as they still have portent ideas.
Hare and her Lazy Friends – a children's book released in 1989 by Heinemann (now EAEPL), was my first book. It has sold widely in East Africa, including Sudan and has been translated into other languages, including Kiswahili.
My first novel – The Sting – was published by EAEPL in 2011. It has been received well.
What subjects do you focus on in your writing? Why?
I focus on three main areas: children, society and business - Children's books, because children inspire me; I always get touched seeing young children reading enthusiastically or watching cartoons -- I guess there is a child in me that loves kid stuff. Secondly, I am always enthralled by philosophical and social issues. I have never stopped asking ultimate questions; social matters excite me and in my novels I seek to explore and share some of my notions about reality and human foibles. Finally, my working and teaching experience has exposed me to a wide range of business ideas and paradigms. My view is that the mercantile/enterprise culture has been the engine of national and human development. I seek to help catalyse development in Africa through my business writing.
Where do you get your information or ideas for your books?
I get my ideas almost anywhere. Chatting with folk in the villages, observing streetwise teenagers, talking to my clients, listening to my friends and family members, reading, in seminars, and more.
Tell us aboutbook titled Management Gems for All Time.
a.Where and when was it published?
Management Gems for All Time, was published in Canada in September this year (2012).
b.What inspired you to write this book?
My readers. Most of the material in the book has been adopted from some of my newspaper articles, which were published over several years. When I stopped doing the newspaper column a lot of people kept asking "what happened, why are you not writing any more?" Others suggested that I compile the articles into a book. I bought the idea.
c.What would be the take away for someone who reads the book? How would that help the person in their day to day life? Give a concrete illustration from the book.
Different people would love different ideas in the book. There is material for the novice and the seasoned mind.. Two areas in the book that I have got most responses from, and from where I have clinched several consulting assignments, are the sections on people and change management. However, since the book was published someone has called me to say that reading the first chapter on Self-Management has transformed his life. So there is a lot, and at least something for everyone regardless of their station in life.
You have written a lot on the subject of management much of it drawn from your experience in the business world, as a manager, including CEO and consultant. You are also well-travelled, both as a student and professional.
a.On a scale of 1 (worst) to 10 (best) how do you rate Kenya's management sophistication compared with other countries across the world?
On a global scale, we are at 4. However within the African context we are at 8-9.
Though a number of our enterprises, especially the transnationals, strive to maintain world class management practices, a big section of the public sector and many local companies are riddled with nepotism, autocracy and failure to keep up with emergent trends. However, most of the African countries I have visited are way behind Kenya in skills and enterprise development and hence managerial sophistication.
We live in a global village and competition remains stiff
a. What kind of preparedness does Kenya need (from a management perspective) to increase its regional and global competitiveness?
Targeted and meticulous development of technical, corporate leadership and managerial skills, strategic adoption of modern and appropriate technology, capped with ruthless professionalism.
b.How can this be achieved? Through the education system? Professional training? Or what?
Vision 2030 is a good start. We now need a comprehensive and effective policy framework on education, training, investment and trade. Education and training should be better geared to industry and national development needs. Stronger public-private-partnerships should be developed to tap into the abundant human resource – especially the youth – for optimal national productivity.
There are often accusations of nepotism in the Kenyan workplace.
a.Given your experience, how real is this?
This is very real. I have suffered from it and I have written about it.
b.What are the impacts (first negative and second positive, if any at all) does this have on our management effectiveness?
Nepotism, and its more virulent cousin – tribalism, undermine meritocracy and promote mediocrity and ultimately strangle competitiveness. I am not aware of any positive impacts of nepotism at the institutional or national level, but it is apparently beneficial to those who practice it.
What is your take on the notion of knowledge society? And how prepared is Kenya as a country to attain that status?
A Knowledge Society is one that creates, shares, and uses knowledge for the prosperity and well-being of its people. Of course, knowledge has always been a key factor of production, and an engine of economic and social development for all societies, including Kenya. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are now facilitating a rapid globalisation of economic activity. In an increasingly global economy, innovation, which fuels new job creation and economic growth, is becoming the key factor in global competitiveness. Knowledge is now the key resource. In view of the rapid change in the knowledge base, people at all levels in a modern knowledge society will need to be lifelong learners, adapting continuously to changing work environments and emergent socioeconomic models.
Creating value is about creating new knowledge and capturing its worth. Kenya is an increasing user of modern knowledge, but its role in the creation of that knowledge remains insignificant. Even the access and sharing of existing knowledge remains dismal. Given that most of the accessing and sharing of knowledge is now Internet based, having a society that is ICT savvy will go a long way in developing a knowledge society; hence the creation of the envisioned ICT City in Konza is a move in the right direction.
Reading culture and knowledge capture and retention are seen as attributes for global competition in modern times.
a.What role do you see a reading culture playing towards the attainment of a knowledge society?
Sharing knowledge is one of the pillars of a knowledge society; and this is best achieved through reading. People who do not read have limited scope for sharing knowledge, and thus cannot be good citizens of a knowledge society.
b. On a scale of 1 (worst) to 10 (best) how do you rate Kenya's reading culture?
It has been at around 1 for a long time. However, things are slowly changing. Kenyans are beginning to read more. The unprecedented expansion of universities has also made its contribution, though there are issues of quality and relevance. In urban places, we are now getting to 4 on the scale. However a large segment of the rural population is still close to 2.
Kenyans largely read to pass examinations and once they are out of school, they hardly read anything apart from newspapers. With the advent of vernacular FM radio stations, most rural communities have relapsed in their reading; as the demand for newspaper reading has tended to decline.
d.What can be done to improve the country's reading culture? What is the role of the education system in this? What is the role of leadership, corporate, political, community and otherwise, in this?
As I mentioned above, Kenyans' reading culture is on an upward swing, partly due to socioeconomic factors. As they say, "necessity is the mother of invention." In the past, many Kenyans have done well without much reading. Things are now changing. Jobs are hard to come by and the need to do anything for a livelihood, even if that means reading is becoming obvious each passing day. Those who wish to stay ahead in the corporate world or in entrepreneurship realise that reading pays. With the advent of ICT and social media the young do not want to be left behind with reading being at the core. However there is need for policies and programmes that support the reading culture. The creation and support of ICT villages is one strategy that can encourage the youth to read by easily accessing the Internet and sharing ideas with other members of society. The education system should also inculcate a culture of reading for life rather than for just passing exams.
What are your future writing plans? Any projects in the works that you would like the audience to know? When can we expect another book from you?
I am currently working on a management textbook. This would be a sure way of sharing ideas I have with those who only find time to read for examinations. However, my primary reason for writing the textbook is the realisation that our students are still largely dependent on foreign books, which tend to give benchmarks and theoretical frameworks that are far-removed from our reality. These not only alienate our scholars but also tend to give a general impression that such texts can only come from outside Africa. I expect to complete the book in a year's time.
On the subject of writing, reading and knowledge preservation:
a.What message do you have for writers?
Keep at it though returns have been discouraging. I particularly encourage those writers who are reconstructing our distorted and disjointed history for posterity. It is critical that we truly know whence we have come. Proper recording of our artefacts is essential. The entertainment industry is now becoming ripe in Africa and good writers are needed to not only exploit this opportunity but also portray our peoples and the pertinent social dynamics correctly.
b.And what would you say to readers?
For Kenya to become a viable nation in the 21st century, it has to be a knowledge society. Conventional functional literacy is not going to be adequate for living and working productively in a post 2030 Kenya. You will need to read more to stay afloat.
c.How about for managers and corporate leaders?
Management of change and innovation are going to be the twin pillars of successful management in the 21st century. Change is not only constant but will become more rapid. Innovation is about new ideas on how to do things better and/or faster. If you cannot innovate your prospects remain slim. Management must strive to facilitate continuous injection of new ideas into the workplace to enhance their products and services, including creation of such new products and services.
d.And for political and community leaders?
Kenya's political leadership has glaringly lacked nationalism, patriotism and integrity since independence. It is sad that most of our so-called political leaders are opportunists who seek to hoodwink the people for their own selfish ends. Reform towards better living for our people should be the guiding principle for leadership and their followers. It is high time we truly embraced servant leadership, leadership that is about progressing Kenya to prosperity and greatness rather than using political office as a channel for robbing fellow Kenyans.
Do you have any final closing thoughts?
Ideas are the engine of human development. Kenya, as a nation, must strive to generate ideas that can be saleable to the rest of the world. Sale of commodities and labour alone will leave us marginalised in the new global arena.
The Eye of Mayenga - Book Review by Khainga O'Okwemba
Kenya: The Burden of Witchcraft in African Villages[1]
"'I have smelled a rat', Gwako firmly made his announcement in his croaked voice before a gathered crowd of villagers outside the house of Senta's parents.
'Senta will be alright, but the evil and ruthless spirits have half-broken the eye of Mayenga as I speak.'" This truncate is lifted from Jaspher Rori's new novel, The Eye of Mayenga, 2013 (Nsemia Publishers).
The novel is set in a fictionalised underdeveloped African village. Mayenga has a beautiful landscape crisscrossed with streams, reeds, rocks, lush bushes and hills on which young boys skate on banana groves.
But it is a 'sleepy' rural outpost 'concealed from reality' where 'the preferable means of transport is by foot.' When it rains, the roads are impassable.
Mayenga is cut off from the rest of the world. It is a village steeped in antediluvian practices, and where every misfortune is explained in terms of witchcraft -- the one trade that seems to thrive in this remote village.
Men idle away drinking cheap illicit liquor and petty gossip. Life in Mayenga is punctuated with pessimisms which has frustrated any meaningful development. People are afraid to take personal initiatives because they fear marauding witches.
This lifestyle takes its toll in Mayenga; poverty is rampant; men live on handouts; parents are unable to pay school fees. Just as in his first novel, A Beacon of Hope, Jaspher Rori places too much premium on Western civilisation.
Thus Senta, the main character grows in this poverty-stricken village and succeeds to become a lawyer in Nairobi. He builds a modest house in the village amidst concerns that those who envy his new status in society will bewitch him.
However, the experience of the outside world he encounters in Nairobi has opened Senta's eyes to new possibilities for this people. He finds inspiration among his peers in the city. What can he do to help his people to come out of their self-inflicted backwardness?
"It dawned on him that the cries and tears that were unknowingly shed for a long time were going to be wiped by a cloth of knowledge," writes Rori. Senta conceives the idea of a women's group and helps them come up with a water project.
He is convinced that the streams that run through the village can generate piped and clean water if they are harnessed. That would also save the women from the burden of trudging uphill every day to fetch water.
The water project is embraced by women. But to achieve his goal, Senta needs a thick skin to overcome disapprovals from doubting Thomases, "he is doing this because he has an eye for parliament."
He moves on with those who perceive a visionary in him determined to uplift the life of the people. Senta is seen by his admirers as, "the eye of Mayenga." The water project is a success story. Therein lies the conflict in the story.
A social worker Millie, with whom Senta has worked closely, is suspected to be his mistress.
"Even if you decide to spread your wings and sow seeds like wild oats, what is wrong with that? A leader is more powerful and respected when he has more suckers emerging from his own stem. I'm more proud to have more grandchildren running around. In our times, our wives didn't lock their wombs the way your generation is doing, they were even proud to suckle a new young one every season and have a co-wife as a helper." Senta's father says openly advocating polygamy. His wife's friend persuades her to consult a magician who advises her to administer a love potion.
The concoction makes him "feel tired" "sick and weak," that for the first time he does not attend meetings of the water project. There is a quarrel between husband and wife, and Senta feels that there is no peace at home.
When he returns to Nairobi, he finds love in his secretary. He contracts Aids. His blameless cultist uncle and wife are accused of bewitching him and they are burned alive by youths as the area chief watches helplessly. Gwako, the renowned magician could not help. Was Senta's wife to blame for his death?
Cut off My Tongue
Cut Off My Tongue
By Sitawa Namwalie
A poetic licence to tell the Kenyan story
If you were to tell the story of Kenya where would you begin? Sitawa Namwalie, a poet, seems to know: ethnicity, identity, land issues, leadership, love...
A production based on her collection of poetry titled Cut off my Tongue has been staged at different venues in Nairobi and the audiences cannot have enough of it.
Cut off my Tongue is unique in that it is an interactive dramatisation of poetry using humour, music and dance. The production addresses issues close to the hearts of Kenyans, ranging from neo-colonialism to romance.
In effect, Cut off my Tongue, a Storymoja production, talks to Kenya, hence its popularity with the audiences. This is in spite of the fact that they have been paying Sh1,000 to watch the shows.
Comedies and farces
Cut off my Tongue has been viewed by many as a much-needed breath of fresh air to theatre in Nairobi, where recycled Western bedroom comedies and farces is the order of the day.
Sitawa's poetry is a revelation. Hers is not the textbook, often mind-numbing verse that has made many Kenyans give poetry a wide berth, dismissing it as too difficult or abstract to comprehend.
Her lines are simple and straightforward, devoid of hidden meaning. For one, Sitawa's poetry seeks to soothe and heal the injuries inflicted on the country by the post-election violence that rocked Kenya after the disputed 2007 elections.
Since ethnicity was at the heart of the violence, Sitawa aims to use words to make Kenyans realise that they are one people who should not be fighting because they come from different tribes.
"Like Robinson Crusoe, I want to use words to trip people's minds," she said. "I want people to change the way they think and make them open up more."
Even as the country tries to heal from the wounds that were inflicted in 2008, talk of war is still rife. Politicians are running around, warning of dire consequences in 2012, if certain conditions are not met.
"2012 is innocent," Sitawa said philosophically. "It is we who will carry our hatred, fears and baggage to that year." What she is saying is that 2012 can only be peaceful if Kenyans choose to do away with the prejudices that breed hatred and violence.
The cast of Cut off my Tongue is multi-ethnic, which in itself a way of building harmony across communities.
"Each member of the cast says something, in their mother tongue, which leaves members of that community reflecting on how they relate with other communities," explained Muthoni Garland, the managing director of Storymoja.
On the issue of land, Sitawa's poetry looks at how possessive Kenyans are with this resource, to the extent of killing one another.
In the verse A Gifted Almost-fifty, Sitawa, tongue-in-cheek, tries to explain how she came to write poetry when she was approaching fifty.
"What do I do, now that I have found a gift at almost-fifty? Writing angry poetry, a flair I should have used up at twenty, at least uncovered back then," she writes.
The poem blames it on the Moi regime that did not tolerate "vocalisation", thereby stealing her fuming twenties, rolling over her barely mellow thirties, and "I gave up in my forties."
Sitawa is better known by the name Betty Wamalwa Muragori. When not writing poetry, she is a consultant on management, women and environmental issues. She has a master's degree in environmental science from Clarke University in Massachusetts.
But is it the poem It Rained Last Night, performed by Chichi Seii, that left the audience hankering for more.
A "naughty" piece, the poem invokes the imagery of rain to suggest sensual intimacy. At the end of the performance, the audience trooped to the gate where they bought written copies of the poem at Sh100 apiece.
Music is performed by Grandmaster Masese with his eight-stringed Obokano. Henry Anyanga played the drum, kayamba and flute. Other cast members are Ogutu Muraya, Shan Bartley, Alice Wanjiru Karunditu and Lilian Amimo Olembo, who also doubles up as the choreographer.
Storymoja has landed an invitation to perform Cut off my Tongue at the prestigious Hay Literary Festival in the UK on May 27 this year. They will also stage the show at Hamstead Theatre in London on May 23.
The other show will be Centreprise, also in London, on May 28. The London shows are meant for the Kenyans living there. The shows , the latest of which were staged at the Nu-Metro theatres at the Junction on Wednesday and Thursday, are meant to raise funds for their UK trip.
Crucible for Silver & Furnace for Gold
ISBN 978-0-9810362-2-9 – Paperback
ISBN 978-0-9810362-0-5 – e-Book
Giorgio thought that a sojourn to Kenya's coast was the perfect way to kick back and relax, luxuriate in the sun, scuba-dive, take big-game fishing trips or a dhow cruise, but it turns out to be a break filled with mixed fortunes. On the other hand, Lavina's sabbatical for soul-searching in Malindi turns out to be a Herculean task of grappling with a moral dilemma of epic proportions. When their paths cross and their lives become intertwined, their emotionally charged struggle to connect with each other is challenging and turbulent.
This story deals with various socio-economic issues ranging from the institution of marriage and multi-racial relationships, to amazing Kenyan art & culture, to historical land injustices brought about by the pre-nineteenth century, 99 year old colonial crown land leases, absentee landlords, and the long overdue land reform agenda on land tenures, the cause of many a conflict in the country.
The first scene opens on the Kenyan coast with captivating miles of pristine sandy white beaches, lapped by clear turquoise waters, providing the backdrop for your typical tropical beach holiday, but gets marred with a near-tragedy.
Here is a compelling and descriptive narrative that will pull at your heartstrings, but one that offers a message of hope to a moral dilemma that has bedeviled the world.
Here is what other say about this book::
From an author clearly proud of her heritage and the beauty of her country comes a romantic tale set in Kenya. Featuring a jaw-achingly handsome Italian man and a beautiful, talented, but troubled local girl, the romance unfolds in a light teasing manner until the twist in the tale turns out to be a moral dilemma that would test the strength of any relationship.
Muthoni Garland - Kenyan writer nominated and short-listed for Caine Prize 2006, winner of Absinthe Literary Review 2003, and Founder of Story Moja, a new publishing initiative in Kenya.
Moraa Gitaa writes with a crisp, clean style that will engage the reader from the first paragraph forward. This is a ground-breaking novel from a modern 'This Generation' African woman; a fine example of expressive writing that women around the world will find both inspiring and insightful. You'll turn page after page.
Rod Amis, Publisher & Editor G21 The World's Magazine
In delicious detail and with revolutionary zeal, Moraa tells a story of fierce passion, challenging tradition and breaking taboo. She weaves a surprising symphony. Fabulous!
John Mwazemba, Publishing Manager, Macmillan (Kenya) Publishers
Vigorous, with a surprise at every turn. This one will capture you alive!
Bruce L. Cook, Author-me.com
Moraa's keen hand represents her generation's challenges, hopes and dreams. She presents the reader with an intriguing, lyrical tale where lies a complex and breathtaking story of modern Kenya as shaped by politics, global interconnectedness, and the stirrings of hearts motivated by private sorrows, personal commitments, and high ideals.
Dr. Wambui Githiora-Updike, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Author of Wanjira.
A remarkable tale of love that keeps you turning the pages deep into the night. As you close the last page, you are, without choice, left with the burning question: How do I live my life?
Onduko bw'Atebe, Kenyan Author, his debut novel The Verdict of Death won first prize in the inaugural Wahome Mutahi Literary Prize (Kenya) 2006
Rosemary Aswani - Crucible for Silver & Furnace for Gold
Crucible for Silver & Furnace for Gold
By Moraa Gitaa
Set in Eastern Africa on the Kenyan coastal town of Malindi, 2008
Paperback; Published by Nsemia Inc. Publishers of Toronto, Canada; 264 pp. $20.00
Reviewed by Rosemary Aswani*
The title of this book – Crucible for Silver & Furnace for Gold is biblical. However, there is nothing biblical in the plot. The book presents challenges faced by the generation Xers in modern day Kenya and leaves the reader contemplating on moral dilemmas that lead to being judged by deeds.
This is an adult fiction book written in an informal style and intended to captivate the romantics at heart. End notes to clarify and explain abbreviations and phrases used throughout the book are provided at the end of the book. Readers on the local scene no doubt are familiar with the cultural diversity on the Kenyan coastline and will feel quite at home with some of the phrases/captions, for example…."on the backs of the matatus, the larger-than-life paintings of our own Genge music luminary Jua Cali…"
I have been to Kenya's coastal town of Mombasa but never north to Malindi, but Moraa Gitaa made me visualize the town of Malindi so vividly, I could feel the hot white sand under my feet and paint the flora and fauna of the tropical rainforests in my mind.
Moraa has weaved a paperback romance novel whose heroine is feisty and fiercely independent. She is intelligent, talented and not afraid to follow her dreams.
I expected a Cinderella kind of story with the heroine going about the uneventful business of daily living and waiting for prince charming. Instead, this author ignites the reader's identification with romantic adventure on-shore and off-shore waters of the Indian Ocean referred to in this book as the 'sea'.
Crucible for Silver & Furnace for God is filled with interesting description of the various socio-economic issues, art and culture of a multi-racial community in the portal towns of Mombasa and Malindi. An aura of peace and solitude is presented vividly enough to entice any reader seeking a discreet get-away place where tradition and modern cultures have combined to create an ambience of tranquility.
The two main characters of the book, Lavina and Giorgio get involved in a multi-racial relationship that will surely require divine intervention for it to survive. If you want to know the trials and tribulations that plague Giorgio and Lavina, you will have to read the book.
RosemaryAswani is an upcoming author based in Hamilton Ontario. Her book, "Footsteps ... Traveling Footsteps", a collection of children stories will be published in late 2009
Letter to the Prime Minister - Book Review
I've got something to tell the PM
One Rapho has been ruffling facebookers and unsettling tweeters.
Man Rapho wants to stand on a youth agenda. He is Kenyan by tribe.
The only problem is that Rapho wants to speak for the youth before he knows what the youth really want.
What do young Kenyans wish for? What are their dreams? How do they see themselves fitting into the national political landscape? Do young Kenyans want to be identified as Kenyans only or would they also wish to be known as Digo, Turkana, Iteso, Bajuni?
Well, none of Facebook, Twitter, Bing or the thousands of virtual communities around can tell a Kenyan politician what the youth want.
Forget the noises all over that claim that Kenyan youth are networked. The percentage that accesses the Internet is still not worth talking about.
If you want to know what Kenyan youth want, go to clubs, soccer matches, and neighbourhood corners or read Justus Siage's book, Letter to the Prime Minister (Nsemia Inc. Publishers, 2011).
Probably I am exaggerating a little bit but Letter to the Prime Minister is a good barometer of the anxieties, wishes or hopes of many a Kenyan young woman or man.
Or maybe let us just say it is Siage's opinion on what he thinks his country is like, what he wishes it would be and who he thinks is responsible for the state Kenya is in.
This book is not a revolutionary call by a young man to any cause; it is not a manifesto to change.
It is a simple collection of strings of thoughts on everyday happenings, anecdotes from personal experiences and personal history mapped onto the broader canvas of Kenya's socio-economic and political life.
The sketches that make up the text sometimes appear like letters to the editor; the book adopts the first person narrative voice in some places, moves into a conversation mode and eventually ends as the letter to the Prime Minister that the title refers to.
After all, it is the Prime Minister who is the head prefect of the government, and if things go wrong in the country it is only fair that citizens address their grievances to him first.
Siage is shocked that the persistent blackouts and dry taps that he endured in Kisumu are part of life in Nairobi.
His list of things that make life a hardship in Nairobi/Kenya is endless.
These are the same things that Kenyans gnash their teeth and scratch their heads over every day but have not found a solution to.
An ineffective City Council that spends thousands of taxpayers' shillings erecting billboards to crow about what is expected of it; MPs who will disagree over everything else but agree not to pay tax; the ever-rising cost of transport due to rise in the price of fuel (does the Prime Minister still drive his fuel-guzzling Hummer?); insecurity; police corruption, etc, are topics Kenyans rehash all the time, everywhere.
So, repeating this conversation won't hurt the ear too much, one supposes that is how Siage thought when he decided to write to the Prime Minister.
So, what does Siage intend to achieve? Won't the Prime Minister read his missive and throw it into the trash basket, like he probably does to many such complaints?
It seems that Siage's wish is that the Prime Minister (and other politicians such as Rapho who want the youth vote in 2012) should realise that the youth suffer the same hardships like other citizens.
Therefore, if adults and the employed are complaining about poor salaries or nepotism, have to walk long distances to work because they can't afford fare and go hungry at lunch time, then the youth have more reason to complain.
Youth(ful) leaders, or leaders such as Rapho, beware.
Dr Tom Odhiambo teaches literature the University of Nairobi.
This review appeared in the Daily Nation of Saturday September 10th, 2011


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A good sized one bedroom flat located within walking distance to harrow-on-the-hill tube(metropolitan line), rail and bus station as well as being situated near a shopping precinct and Lowlands Recreational Ground.
The cost of this one bedroom flat is £875 per calendar month which includes £50 to cover utility costs. Another important feature to note is that the tenant will not be liable to pay council tax. Additional features include: gas central heating, welcoming hallway, private kitchen and bathroom as well as being fully furnished.
This property is currently available to view and will be available to move in from the end of November. Call today to secure a viewing.
Property ref: 121_2513_3947494
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During relaxation massages, the therapist deploys oils, lotion, and an arsenal of rolling and kneading strokes to improve sluggish circulation, ease back pain, and form a flaky piecrust. Desert Palms Alternative Health recommends clients drink plenty of water after the massage to alleviate any lingering soreness.
Though Desert Palms Alternative Health sometimes features a discounted price online, this Groupon still offers the best deal available.
Desert Palms Alternative Health
The stresses of everyday life dissipate at the hands of Desert Palms Alternative Health's licensed massage therapists, who relieve tension and aches within the confines of an all-purpose health spa. Led by massage therapist and alternative healer, James R. Davis, the team culls techniques from a wide range of modalities—from the long, flowing strokes of Swedish to the penetrating warmth of hot-stone massage. Their breadth of knowledge allows them to cultivate massages that treat patients as individuals and even accommodate special conditions such as pregnancy.


text:
Fredericksburg Earth Day 2017
Despite the rain and chilly temperatures, this year's Earth Day Celebration included 3 booths set up by Master Gardeners. The Tree Stewards had a great deal of information about caring for trees, the VA Extension booth had information and a game for young gardener proteges, and for those who braved the weather, the third had material and instructions for building an actual bird house! Fun and education rolled into one!
Plant Clinics
Local gardeners can get publications, advice, and lists of resources at a number of area plant clinics, including;
MGACRA Meeting 4/19/2017
4th Tuesday
Plants Map at Cossey Park Tracy Blevins
An exciting resource for gardeners was introduced by Tracy Blevins at Salem Church Library on March 28, 2017. This tool plantsmap.com enables users to explore tagged plants at Cossey Park. Users can also tag plants in their own gardens.
To find out more, join an online demo-
Monday, April 3, 2017 at 4 PM.
To participate visit
and follow the instructions on the screen.
Every Tuesday at 4 PM there is a demo at
Join a session to learn about hundreds of plants and open a brand new aspect to your own garden!
2017 March Meeting
MGACRA's March meeting was filled with organic farming insight and advice from Lawrence Latané of Blenheim Organic Gardens. His presentation was illustrated by Becky Latané's photos of their organic farm. Some of the organic, sustainable farming practices encouraged were: Including plants that support beneficial insects and wildlife and reduces harmful pests; Companion planting as a natural way to help plants grow better and increase yield; Cover crops that build soil, break up hard soil, provide organic matter, and reduce weeds; and planting native flowers borders that bring in pollinators.
For more information visit their website: Blenheimorganicgardens.org


text:
- minor hallucination
- The term minor hallucination is indebted to the Latin adjective minor, which means smaller, younger, the youngest. It is used to denote a * sensory deception that does not fulfil the criteria of a * hallucination proper, such as a *hallucinoid or illusory phenomenon. Some phenomena classified as minor hallucinations are *sensed presence, * passage hallucinations, and *cognitive illusions. Minor hallucinations can occur in healthy individuals, but they are also associated with a variety of psychiatric and neurological conditions, including narcolepsy, Parkinson's disease, and the use of illicit substances such as cannabis, Amanita muscaria, mescaline, and LSD.ReferencesFénelon, G., Mahieux, F., Huon, R., Ziégler, M. (2000). Hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Prevalence, phenomenology and risk factors. Brain, 123, 733-745.
Dictionary of Hallucinations. J.D. Blom. 2010.


text:
English, PDF, 1,466kb
Sustainable Materials Management (SMM) is increasingly recognised as a policy approach that can make a key contribution to green growth and the challenges that are posed by sustained global economic and demogarphic growth.
English, PDF, 1,424kb
This report focuses on four key policy issues: life-cycle externalities, trade policy impacts, material substitution and hazardous waste policies, and used and end-of-life mobile device management. Across these key policy issues, this report has identified the following observations relating to sustainable materials management.
The eleventh meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity was held in Hyderabad, India (COP11, from 8 to 19 October 2012).
It is increasingly common to include estimates of value of statistical life (VSL) in analyses of proposed policies that affect people's mortality risks.
The new Test Guidelines are: TG 457 and TG 460. The updated Test Guidelines are TG 109, TG 114, TG 229, TG 211, TG 305, TG 455, and TG 405. The corrected Test Guideline is TG 443
Developing effective policies to reduce illegal trade in environmentally sensitive goods requires a clear understanding of what drives this trade and the circumstances under which it thrives, says this report.
English, PDF, 1,097kb
This brochure (version: October 2012) presents the activities of the OECD "Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology" and the "Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds".
This Test Guideline describes an in vitro assay, which provides concentration-response data for substances with in vitro ER agonist and antagonist activity. The test system utilises the BG1Luc4E2 cell line derived from a human ovarian adenocarcinoma and stably transfected with a ER responsive luciferase reporter gene. This cell line can evaluate TA mediated by ER alpha and ER beta. The cells are plated into 96-well plate and exposed to 7 (range finder tests) and 11 (comprehensive test) non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test chemical for 19-24 hours to induce the reporter gene product (luciferase). Its activity is measured in a luminometer. Acceptance or rejection of a test is based on the evaluation of reference standard and control results from each experiment conducted on a 96-well plate. A positive response is identified by a concentration–response curve containing at least three points with non-overlapping error bars, as well as a change in amplitude (normalized relative light unit) of at least 20 % of the maximal value for the reference substance (17beta-estradiol for the agonist assay, raloxifene HCL/ 17beta-estradiol for the antagonist assay).
This Test Guideline is designed to provide an evaluation of reproductive and developmental effects that may occur as a result of pre- and postnatal chemical exposure as well as an evaluation of systemic toxicity in pregnant and lactating females and young and adult offspring. In the assay, sexually-mature males and females rodents (parental (P) generation) are exposed to graduated doses of the test substance starting 2 weeks before mating and continuously through mating, gestation and weaning of their pups (F1 generation). At weaning, pups are selected and assigned to cohorts of animals for reproductive/developmental toxicity testing (cohort 1), developmental neurotoxicity testing (cohort 2) and developmental immunotoxicity testing (cohort 3). The F1 offspring receive further treatment with the test substance from weaning to adulthood. Clinical observations and pathology examinations are performed on all animals for signs of toxicity, with special emphasis on the integrity and performance of the male and female reproductive systems and the health, growth, development and function of the offspring. Part of cohort 1 (cohort 1B) may be extended to include an F2 generation; in this case, procedures for F1 animals will be similar to those for the P animals.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 1, 1975
|Filing date
|Apr 16, 1974
|Priority date
|Apr 16, 1974
|Publication number
|David C Phillips, Bevil J Shaw
|Original Assignee
|Us Navy
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (46), Classifications (17)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Phillips et al. July 1, 1975 [54] ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF 3,443,261 5/1969 Battista et al. 3/1 BONE 3,556,969 1/1971 Mizuguchi et al. r 3,790,507 2/1974 l-lodosh 128/92 C X [75] Inventors: David C. Phillips, Pittsburgh; Bevil Shaw Murrysvine both of Primary Examiner-John H. Mack [73] Assignee: The United States of America as Assistant Examiner-{\- Prescot? represented by the Secretary of the Attorney, Agent, or FzrmR. S. Sclascla; C. E. Navy, Washington, DC vautram [22] Filed: Apr. 16, 1974 [57] ABSTRACT I [21] Appl- 461,470 A method of improving orthopedic implant materials by the simultaneous electrodeposition of bone and 52 us. Cl 1. 204/181; 3/1.9; 128/92 c; collagen Onto a Prosthesis is Provided Collagen fibrils 2 92 1 204 130 R are dispensed in a gelatin medium and the gelled col- [51] Int. Cl C23h 13/00 lagen is dissolved in a waterglycerine Solution Finely [58] Field f Search u 204/180 R, 181, 29 3 divided bone particles are then added to this solution 3/1.9 1 913; 128/92 C, 92 CA, 92 D and, by applying a voltage to a pair of electrodes immersed in the solution, adherent bone and collagen 5 References Cited coatings of preferably 1-5 mils thickness are formed UNITED STATES PATENTS 8/1959 Metcalfe et a1 204/18l on the cathodic electrode.
8 Claims, N0 Drawings ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF BONE The present invention concerns the improvement of orthopedic implant materials and, more particularly, the cathodic formation of bonecoatings on prostheses by electrodeposition thereon of finely divided bone particles.
Attempts to understand and correct the failures of orthopedic implants have revealed that such failures apparently are caused by fatigue, over-stressing, stress corrosion, etc., among other causes, and that many desirably strong materials are unsuitable because they are either directly or indirectly toxic to the host. One of the most difficult areas of orthopedic replacement is in the femur head where the stresses have been estimated to be up to four times the weight of the body. This area is one of the most common points of failure in the human body and, consequently, an urgent need exists for a sturdy and durable prosthesis for use therein. Another area in which total replacement of bone is necessary is that of damage from gunshot wounds. Here, since the bone does not appear to always grow along the prosthesis filling the gap, only occasional success has been achieved.
Some metallic implants such as the cobaltchromium-molybdenum alloy Vitallium have proved to be generally satisfactory, exhibiting the additional advantage of case-hardening with use. Such metallic implants reduce to a minimum the mechanical wearing problem which occurs between the replacement of the hipcup, or acetabulum, and the femur head prosthesis. The high density polyethylene which may be used as a lubricant between these working parts provides for a low wearing rate, a resistance to creep, and an absence of toxic effect. However, there are disadvantages to the use of such material for this kind of metallic prosthetic device since both 316 stainless steel and cobaltchromium-molybdenum implants may be carcinogenic in rats. There are also disadvantages to the use of methylmethyacrylate as a bearing material in the acetabulum since methylmethacrylate deteriorates in the human body. There is thus an unfilled need for a hard, load bearing, smooth material for the femur head and acetabulum which the present invention satisfies.
Certain ceramics have been found to be totally inert in the body, and porous ceramics having a bone size of -200p. have been found to accept the growth of bone tissue so that the ceramic implant may become an integral part of the bone. Since ceramics are brittle in nature and, therefore, have a limitation for prosthetic use, the combination of a structural metallic base material and a ceramic coating appears to present a solution to the problem of achieving extreme strength in a prosthesis while avoiding any toxic effects on the body.
The present invention, in general, provides a method of electrochemically depositing bone particles and collagen onto the external surface of bone prostheses to stimulate bone attachment. Collagen fibrils are dispensed in a gelatin medium by dissolving the gelled collagen in a water-glycerine solution and thereafter adding finely divided bone particles. A voltage applied to a pair of electrodes immersed in the solution causes the formation on the cathode of a bone and collagen coating of from l-5 mils thick.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of enhancing bone growth on prostheses by the coating thereof with bone and collagen.
Another object of this invention is to provide a method of forming prostheses by an electrochemical process wherein bone and collagen are deposited simultaneously in controlled thickness to form a non toxic coating.
A further object of this invention is to provide an improved method of adhering bone particles to a metallic base to form a prosthesis which has the required strength, especially for bone sockets, and is not toxic to the human body.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description thereof.
Some of the compounds found in the human body can be electrodeposited in a manner similar to the electrodeposition of conventional organic chemicals. For instance, finely divided bone, contained in an organic matrix, can be electrodeposited on various metallic surfaces. The organic matrix enables the transference of bone from the electrolytic medium to the electrode. If it were possible to develop a charge, either cationic or anionic, on virgin bone material, the use of an organic matrix would not be necessary. One commercially available organic matrix or binder, Avitene, is a microcrystalline collagen which is a water insoluble partial acid salt of edible, bovine collagen. Gels produced from it contain a large percentage of particles under one micron in any dimension. The polypeptide collagen morphology and high molecular weight are largely retained in the sub-micron micro-crystals which contain the highly polar groups, NH, NH and OH.
Avitene forms translucent, viscosity-time stable, thixotropic-pseudoplastic gels. High shear is necessary to produce gels. The Waring Blendor and Cowles Dissolver are suitable for low concentrations and sigma blade mixers for high concentrations. Maximum viscosity is obtained at pH 3.0-3.4 At low pH (-2.5), hydrolysis and unwinding of the collagen helix occurs and viscosity decreases; the rate and extent increase with time, temperature and decreasing pH. Above pH 4, gel structure becomes imperfect and collagen fibers begin to coagulate. Salts and ethanol or isopropanol also coacervate gels. Avitene can be made to gel a wide variety of hydrophilic materials including methanol, glycerin, formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethanol or isopropanol/H O solutions up to -40% alcohol/% H O, by weight. Avitene gels of the required concentration have been prepared by attriting fibers in the desired medium for 15-30 minutes in a Waring Blendor (Model 1003) using a lab-scale quantity of 400 grams of Avitene. The concentration should not vary more than i 0.01% for reasonable reproducibility.
In performing the process of the present invention, the Avitene fibers were allowed to soak for Sminutes in the medium'and thereafter were attrited for 2 minutes at a Powerstate (Type 1 16, l 10 volts, Superior Electric Company,) setting of 20, and for 15 minutes minimum at a setting of 60-110 (depending on viscosity) to maintain a controllable vortex. These conditions were applicable to systems having viscosities up to 12,000-16,000 centipoises at room temperature.
During attrition, gel temperature was maintained at -25C by surrounding the jar with a plastic bag partially filled with dry ice, and by reducing or completely stopping agitation when necessary. Sides of the jar were policed at intervals with a rubber spatula to insure thorough attrition. The resultant gel was filtered through a fine, sintered glass filter to remove larger, undispersed fibrils and particle aggregates.
The gel was returned to the Waring Blendor and a varying amount of fine, powdered bone was added. After further agitation, a suspension of finely divided bone, contained in a gel matrix of Avitene, was obtained. The gel proved to be an excellent suspending agent for the finely divided bone.
Initial investigations of several systems at either constant voltage or constant current were carried out in an electrolytic apparatus which consisted of a 500 ml Pyrex glass reaction kettle with cover. Appropriate metal electrodes 2 X 1 0.02 inches were attached by means of a stainless steel clip to A inch stainless steel bars enclosed in glass tubing. Teflon rings were used to seal the steel rods from the glass tubing. 300 ml of solution was utilized and the anode to cathode separation was one inch. A variable dc voltage was applied between the metal electrodes, and the effects of the applied voltage on various aqueous Avitene solutions was observed, recorded and are presented in Table 1.
TABLE 1 following parameters were investigated in the Avitene/- bone electrodeposition:
In the first series of experiments, aqueous Avitene solutions, suitably adjusted to pH 2.8 by the addition of dilute hydrochloric acid, were subject to different applied potentials. Such a series is shown in Table 1, supra. Three different Avitene concentrations were used, and the applied voltage was varied between and 100 volts. It was found that good adhesion to aluminum or stainless steel substrates (cathodes) was achieved when the totalcoating thickness was 4 mils or less. Thicknesses greater than 4 mils resulted in very poor adhesion to the metallic substrate. Of the concentrations investigated, it appeared that a concentration of l.5g Avitene/400g water gave suitable coatings of *3 mils when a potential of 50 volts was applied for 1 minute;
EFFECT OF APPLIED VOLTAGE ON VARIOUS AQUEOUS AVITENE SOLUTIONS Approximate Weight of Applied Deposition Drying of Coating Avitene Voltage Time Coated Thickness g V secs. Cathode Cathode mils. Adhesion 0.75 20 60 Al oven 1 good 0.75 60 Al oven 2 good 0.75 steel oven 2 good 0.75 I00 60 Al oven 4 good 0.75 100 120 Al oven 10 poor 0.75 100 l 20 steel air" l0 poor 1.5 50 60 Al oven 3 good [.5 50 60 steel oven 3 good 1.5 100 60 Al oven 5 fair 1 .5 I00 120 steel oven 8 poor 3.0 50 60 Al oven 6 poor 3.0 50 60 steel air 6 poor 3.0 I00 60 Al oven l0 poor 3.0 100 120 steel oven 15 very poor Each solution contained 400g of water, adjusted to pH 2.8 by addition of dilute hydrochloric acid Oven baked at C for six hours "Air dried for 48 hours The systems were investigated at constant voltage, i.e. current decreasing with electrodeposition time, or constant current, i.e. voltage increasing with time. The
very good adhesion to the cathode was achieved.
In a second series of experiments, four separate solvents were used and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS ON THE ELECTRODEPOSITION OF AVITENE COLLAGEN Ap roximate Applied Deposition Drying of Coating Solvent Voltage Time Coated Thickness Type V secs. Cathode Cathode mils. Adhesion water 50 60 steel oven 3 good water 50 60 Al oven 3 good water Al oven 8 poor DMSO 50 60 steel ovcn l DMSO 50 I20 steel oven l DMSO" 100 240 Al oven 1 poor DMSO 200 300 steel oven 2 very poor a)DMS0 100 300 steel oven 2 poor 5 ethanol 50 60 steel oven ethanol 50 I20 Al oven ethanol 200 300 Al oven Glycerin/ H 0 50 30 AI oven 2 very good TABLE 2 Continued EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOLVENTS ON THE ELECTRODEPOSITION OF AVITENE COLLAGEN The sohent was adjusted to pH 2.8 by addition of dilute hydrochloric acid. Weight of solvent was 400g, and
weight of Avitene was 1.5g for all samples except (a) which was 3.0g. Oven baked at 70C for six hours Air dried for 48 hours Dimethylsultoxide "(1:1. by Weight) From Table 2 it can be seen that Avitene/dimethylsulfoxide produced solutions which have very poor electrocoating properties; solution conductance was ,low and adhesion to the electrode was very poor. Ethanol produced solutions possessing no electrocoating properties. Aqueous solutions gave rise to reasonable electrocoating properties. The best results were achieved utilizing a solvent mixture of water/glycerin (50/50, by weight). This system had excellent electrocoating properties and the resulting coatings have the best overall adhesion to the metallic substrate. Coatings having thickness of -5 mils were obtained in the latter system by applying a potential difference of 100 volts for 60 seconds.
In a third series of experiments, finely divided bone was added to the optimized Avitene/glycerin/water system prior to electrodeposition. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 sion and thickness were achieved utilizing a solution comprised of water/glycerin/Avitene/bone (200/200 1.5/3.0, by weight).
The present invention thus teaches a process by which bone and collagen are simultaneously deposited by electrochemical deposition onto an orthopedic implant to enhance bone repair rates in bone bridge operations. A coating is deposited through a combination of electrophoresis, electrocoagulation, electroosmosis and electrode reactions. Of these, electrophoresis, which involves the movement of charged particles, or ions, dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium, toward an electrode under the influence of an electric field is considered to be of greatest importance. Colloidal particles carry a large number of unit charges on their surfaces, and each of these particles is thought in the present process to be surrounded by a cloud of counterions. The charge of these particles gives rise to the elec- PARAMETERS lNVESTlGATED IN THE BONE AVlTENE/GLYCERIN SYSTEM A prox. Weight of Weight of Applied Deposition Drying of eating Avitene Bone Voltage Time Coated Thickness g g V secs. Cathode mils. Adhesion L5 1.5 20 oven 1 1.5 1.5 50 oven 1 good 1.5 1.5 50 120 oven 3 good L5 1.5 50 120 air" 3 poor 1.5 3.0, 50 60 oven 2 good 1.5 3.0 60 oven 3 good 1.5 3.0 100 I20 oven 5 good [.5 5.0 100 60 oven 3 poor 1.5 5 .0 100 60 air" 3 poor 1.5 5.0 100 oven 5 poor 1.5 7.0 100 60 oven 7 very poor 1.5 7.0 100 120 oven 10 very poor 1.5 7.0 100 I20 air" 10 very poor Solvent was a 400g solution of glycerin/H O (1:1. by weight). adjusted to pH 2.8 by addition of dilute hydrochloric acid The coated cathode was oven baked at 70C for six hours "Air dried for 48 hours Stainless steel substrate was used in each electrodeposition Four different bone concentrations were investigated. Under the influence of the electric field, bone particles were transported within the organic matrix of the cathode and deposited at this electrode. A bone concentration of 2 parts bone to 1 part of Avitene produced cathode coatings which had good adhesion to the stainless steel substrate. When the concentration exceeded 2 parts bone to 1 part Avitene, thicker coatings were obtained, i.e. for equivalent applied voltage and electrodeposition time, but these had extremely poor adhesion properties. The best coatings for adhetrokinetic or Zeta potential, which is a measure of the electrokinetic charge that surrounds suspended particulate matter. Because of this charge, there is a mutual repulsion of these particles and it is this repulsion which is believed to cause these dispersions to be stable. The charges on the colloidal particles are probably due to a combination of absorbed ions from the solutions, from absorbed surfactant groups, and from the particle itself having ionized groups at the liquidparticle interface. Mobility is affected by the viscosity of the medium, the size, shape and concentration of finishing required to produce a frictionless, freely movable joint. The electrodeposition process also provides for the uniform coverage of irregularly shaped substrates. Because of electrodissolution of the metallic electrode during electrodeposition, improved adhesion properties are realized since the foreign substance is removed.
The electrodeposition process also permits the simultaneous deposition of bone and collagen on an orthopedic implant. This provides for a uniform dispersion of bone and collagen so that when the metallic substrate is removed new bone formation in the damage area is accelerated. The collagen, which isevenly dispersed within the bone implant, promotes healing in connection with the bone portion remaining in the body because of the common fibrous protein in the collagen. Since this fibrous protein is found in connective tissue, bone and cartilage in the body, the body processes do not reject but rather enhance repair of the bone damage. The presence of collagen also increases the rate of normal repair thereby providing for a greater chance of success in bone bridge and other bone operations. The process of the invention is also rapid in relation to normal body processes or other forms of bone repair such as pins, clamps, etc. The process also is exceedingly economical since all the compounds used therein are readily available and no complex equipment is required to make the necessary substrates or form the electrochemical deposition thereon.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings.
What is claimed is: l. A method of forming a prothesis for bone repair or replacement comprising:
electrodepositing finely divided powdered bone particles from aqueous glycerin and collagen dispersions onto a metallic substrate to form the prosthesis as a coating on the substrate; and removing the metallic substrate by dissolution during and after formation of the prosthesis. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said aqueous glycerin and collagen dispersions comprise translucent, viscosity-time stable, thixotropic pseudoplastic gels having a pH in the range of from 2.5 to 4 for suspending said bone particles.
3. A method of producing an orthopedic implant for enhancing bone repair rates in bone bridge and other bone repair operations comprising:
dispensing collagen fibrils in a gelatin medium formed from the class of hydrophilic materials which includes methanol, glycerin, formamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethanol solutions of up to substantially 40% alcohol/% water by weight, isopropanol solution of up to substantially 40%/60% water by weight;
dissolving the medium in a water-glycerin solution of 50% water and 50% glycerin by weight; adding finely divided bone particles to the solution; immersing a pair of electrodes one of which is a metallic substrate for a bone prosthesis in the solution; applying a voltage to said electrodes wherein the metallic substrate is the cathode; and forming coatings of bone and collagen on said substrate to a thickness of from 1 to 5 mils. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said bone particles are dispersed in a gel matrix, I said matrix suspending said particles uniform] throughout said medium. l
5. The method of calim 4 wherein said medium comprises a microcrystalline collagen in the form of a water insoluble partial acid salt of edible bovine collagen,
said gel produced from said medium containing particles substantially less than one micron in any dimension.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said collagen is a polypeptide collagen having a high molecular weight which is attained by sub-micron micrycrystalline containing highly polar groups such as NH, NH and OH.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said gel is prepared by attriting collagen fibers in said medium for a period of from 15-30 minutes in a blender;
said fibers allowed to soak for 5 minutes in said medium and thereafter attrited to maintain a controllable vortex.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the resultant gel is filtered through a sintered glass filter to remove the larger undispersed fibrils and particle aggregates;
a selected amount of powdered bone added tosaid gel,
said gel further agitated so as to obtain a suspension of finely divided bone in the gel matrix of microcrystalline collagen.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Visually intriguing, the industrial chic Edmond pendant by Arteriors captures the eye with its geometric form. The hexagonal light fixture's antique brass finish adds to its eclectic charm.
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A wingback bed frame is a nice alternative to flat headboards. The curved lines and protruding elements completely change the look of the bed..Shop Target for bedding including sheets, pillowcases, shams, comforters and more. Free shipping on purchases over $ free returns..Louis XVI French pronunciation , born Louis Auguste, was the last King of France and Navarre before the French Revolution .The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions .Via Bleacher Report Chicago Bears @ChicagoBears. Ryan Pace made Tru promise he'd drive his car, formerly grandma's car, to Halas Hall. The kid kept his promise .
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The Long-Spine Porcupinefish is a small species of porcupinefish that can be found in both Endless Ocean games.
In-Game Description
Endless Ocean
"These fish have large eyes, small mouths, and round bodies covered in spines. They are generally light-brown on the back and white on the belly. They can be seen year-round when they approach your boat."
Endless Ocean: Blue World
"Round and covered with countless long spines, this fish has an endearing face with a small mouth and big eyes. Its distinctive long spines evolved from scales.
[Countless Needles]
Although it is not poisonous like other blowfish, it has a distinctive means of self-defence. It swallows a large quantity of water, swelling its body and causing the spines that normally lie flat on its body to stick up. Once it has gone into this defensive posture, a predator cannot attack without being pierced by the spines.
It has 400 - 600 spines, so it's probably a waste of time trying to count them."
Endless Ocean
A single Long-Spine Porcupinefish can often be found under a zoom-mode glow near where the player has parked The Gabbiano. Sometimes, a glow with one of these fish in it will appear on the underside of the boat directly.
Endless Ocean 2
These small fish appear in Ciceros Strait, around coordinates C-2 and F-5.
These small creatures float around slowly and seemingly aimlessly. They puff up their bodies with poked or prodded, but they respond well to being fed.
- In Endless Ocean 2, the creatures under the zoom-mode glow at coordinates C-2 are risky to attempt to find, as Great White Sharks patrol that area during the daytime. However, at night, the sharks move, leaving that space open to safely explore.


text: Cast Pikachu as Hobbes Kirby as Calvin Jigglypuff as Susie Peach as Calvin's Mother Mario as Calvin's Father Samus as Rosalyn Bowser as Moe Zelda as Ms. Wormwood Snake as Mr. Spittle Retrieved from "http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/Super_Smash_Bros._Brawl/Calvin_and_Hobbes?oldid=801294" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected.


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Last edited by bcscustom; 2011-11-17 at 01:54 AM.
bcscustom (2011-11-17), coconutxyz (2011-11-17)
bcscustom that didn't work lol had my fingers crossed. What really bothers me is it's just me. I guess i'll just go with the default tile for now.
At least you got it working with the default tile, so your a little better off than before.
You'll probably gonna end up having to wait for the next update from EndFinity and hope it works on IOS5GM or try updating to IOS5.0 or better.
Well I already updated to 5.0.1. I.m running the one from page 1 that came with the theme.
I can't wait to get this theme! But I'm still waiting on the untethered jb to drop for ios5 :/
OS7 was one of the reasons I went for the tethered jb, lol. It's really not that bad, I run a iPod touch 4g also and IOS5's iMessages and notifications made the IOS5 update worthwhile
Last edited by bcscustom; 2011-11-17 at 04:29 AM.
Does anyone els have the problem when switching from os7 and default were when you go to default it just shows the background of os7 and the apps are gone. This only started happening after a changed the dylib to add the animations....I don't want to take the animations out because it's what drew me to this alternate theme from the original....it's not a big problem but I hate having to respring every time I switch over
Also why do my apps crash after a while when using this theme is it because I dont have enough ram to run everything properly or something els...or is it because of the animations?
If someone has a solution for these problems it would be so very greatly appreciated.
Thank you in an advance
I have the same problem too!!! I got kinda use to respringing it everytime i switch back and forth. Can anyone let us know if their are having problems also?
In reference to the beta animations preview, when switching from OS7 to default in DreamBoard, the OS7 background will remain, even in default mode. Your right, a respring will fix it. That is a known issue and the reason EndFinity made it a beta preview and not an actual release. You will have issues with the animations dylib. When End can resume coding that will be fixed.
Last edited by bcscustom; 2011-11-17 at 09:28 PM.
Okay thank you.
Naw because I tried endfinity and the default tile. I think its the music app itself. Some time tonight or tomorrow i'm going to do a restore and fresh install of everything and see if that works.
The tile itself works fine but when i go inside the app is when things get stupid it seems.
Hey i tried adding the UI, but when i respring with winterboard and everything, the UI doesnt change at all.


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BLX 2811 is a fully formulated, non-phenolic stabilizer system that is highly effective for the stabilization of polyolefins to the effects of processing, exposure to light, and long-term heat aging. Due to its non-discoloring nature, the product is ideal for use in color critical applications.
Chemical Name: Proprietary
CAS Number: Proprietary
Chemical Structure: Proprietary
Typical Properties
Product Form: Solid
Product Details: Please view our BLX 2811 PDF


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Hume City Council is planning to redevelop the Sunbury Skate Park to improve the skate infrastructure, landscaping and ancillary facilities.
Consultation on the initial concept design has now closed.
Thank you to everyone who participated. The community feedback received will now be compiled and taken into account for further design and planning work on the project.
Any enquiries can be sent to email@example.com


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Help our forum grow. Please 'Like' our Facebook Page and 'Follow' us on Google+ and Twitter!
If this is your first time at the forum you may need to REGISTER to post as well as access all site features. CLICK THIS BAR FOR QUICK AND EASY REGISTRATION
Keyboard I changed in the settings I just choose a different one and now I have a black one again.What I don't like us no matter volume control and no way to totally mute your device! Unlike before when you had the line through the speaker that is no longer possible.Then there is the fact I have to force close 98% if anything I try! Nothing wants to run right! I was and still is unrooted stock 1st gen Nexus 7. The c makes me want to look at rooting and trying to downgrade! Otherwise this 32gb nexus might as well be a paperweight!Sent from my Nexus 7 using Tapatalk
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Re: Fredericka Radloff - Obit Needed Please
In reply to:
Fredericka Radloff - Obit Needed Please
Carma Thompson 3/14/06
The obit for Fredericka Radloff was published in The Lorain Journal Newspaper, on August 12, 1941, on page 9. The obit reads as follows:
Elyria Resident Stricken at 88
Mrs. Radloff Dies After Long Illness
ELYRIA - Mrs. Fredericka Radloff, 88, 434 12th St., died at Elyria Memorial Hospital yesterday at 6:45 p.m. following an illness of several months.
Mrs. Radloff had lived in Elyria for the past five years. She was a former resident of Port Clinton and was a member of the Church of Peace there. Mrs. Radloff was born in Germany on May 11, 1853.
Surviving are two daughters, Mrs. Mary Block, Elyria, and Mrs. Eve Leon, Fremont.
Funeral services will be held Thursday at 1 p.m. at the Taylor funeral home. Rev. Armin Schroeder, pastor of St. John's Lutheran Church will officiate. Burial will be made in Port Clinton.
That's the complete obit. The Taylor Funeral Home was located at 119 2nd St. Elyria, and was operated by Carl L. Taylor. The funeral home was listed in the 1949 Elyria city directory, but it was closed by 1951, when the property was listed as vacant. As far as I can tell no funeral home ever reopened at that location, so I'm not sure what happened to the records. Probably they were turned over to another funeral home in the city -- but who knows.
Just as an aside, another Fredericka Radloff died in Cleveland, Ohio about 10 years before the death of Fredericka Radloff in Elyria. There are a fairly large number of Radloff obits from Cleveland, Ohio. They can be accessed on line through the Cleveland Public Library, if you are interested.
More Replies:
Re: Fredericka Radloff - Obit Needed Please
Carma Thompson 3/15/06


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Kate Upton Busts Out In Vogue UK
Remember those hot Vogue UK shots of Kate Upton from last week? Well, good news, because the rest of the set just came in over the weekend, and I'm happy to report that they're even better than the last ones. And it's nice to see that Kate's finally getting back to her old busty ways. Forget all that acting stuff, she should just stick to what works from now on: giving people pants fires over the Internet with sexy photoshoots. I mean, I don't know about you guys, but it's definitely working for me. Ow!


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Call Accounting Overview :
Other Modules:
Call Accounting
StradaTel Premium's Call Accounting Module allows you to take control of your Telecom costs, giving you access to detailed yet simple reports for making those critical decisions. No matter how many phones or number of sites you have, or line of business you are in, StradaTel Premium will deliver. StradaTel Premium also has the ability to manage Hotel/Motel costs with our built in Hospitality feature. Windows, MS-DOS, or UNIX, Dyna Lync and StradaTel Premium have just the right system to fit your needs. Our Call Accounting application is compatible with all PBX's Including BCM, Cisco, Avaya's newest releases.


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Irene recently watched the film 'Arrival' and was very impressed by it for several reasons. She wrote, "It is a thoughtful science fiction film about communication (no light sabres or space battles, although there is one explosion, presumably to keep … Continue reading
Category Archives: General
Following the Remembrance Service, Friends participated in a shared lunch followed by a performance of the play "For Conscience Sake", by theatre group Plain Quakers. The play explored the choices faced by conscientious objectors in the First World War, against … Continue reading
The play commemorates the opposition of Quakers and others to the introduction of conscription in 1916 against the backdrop of growing militarisation today. For Conscience Sake When Morris, would-be thespian and unrepentant curmudgeon, tries to unravel the story of his … Continue reading
Everyone welcome to one of our regular evenings looking at various chapters within Quaker Faith andPractice. On Monday 12 September, Moiya will lead an evening looking at the writings of Thomas Kelly contained with the QF&P book. … Continue reading
Just added: some thoughts for the week submitted by individual Woking Friends to Woking New and Mail. … Continue reading
Gathering Our Senses by Maggie Taylor-Sanders This book is written by a Quaker on my Equipping For Ministry course and was her project for the course. It is self published and self financed with some help from her Area Meeting … Continue reading
Doubts and Loves: What is Left of Christianity by Richard Holloway (book review by Keith Scott) Published in 2001 and written by the ex Bishop of Edinburgh it reflects a lifetime's thought on Christianity during which time he has swung … Continue reading


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With Kobe Bryant going out in absolute style in his final game with the Los Angeles Lakers, the reigns are now given to the younger players to take control and get the Lakers back to glory — or at least the playoffs.
Forward Julius Randle is looking to instill the Mamba Mentality this offseason. He told the Los Angeles Daily News he is going to work on becoming "great" in the summer time.
"I'll come back better than I can imagine next year," Randle said. "There's a lot of areas in my game I can work on. I'll leave it up to myself to get better in those areas this summer."
There's a boat load of things Randle will need to hone in his second full season on the court. The 2015-16 was ultimately his rookie year because he missed all of his actual first season due to injury.
The reason he's come off as inexperienced is because he is just that. He is raw. And now that he has a full year under his belt, Randle can work on several different specifics coming up. Most notably his shooting accuracy and his defense.
He needs to shoot better than 35 percent each month and has to help the Lakers lock it down on defense. Those two things might seem easy to hone on the outside, but when there's no more excuses to not deliver Randle — and the rest — will really need to reach their potential sooner.


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Party Potato's
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READY IN: 1hr 5mins
Recipe by CunSwim
I got this recipe from my SIL who lives in Salt Lake City, these potato's are tradition for pretty much any event/occasion. We make them at Christmas, Easter Fourth of July etc.
See Discussion:
Ingredients Nutrition
- 4 -6 cups hash browns (frozen or instant)
- 1 (12 ounce) can cream of chicken soup (whichever you prefer) or 1 (12 ounce) can cream of celery soup (whichever you prefer) or 1 (12 ounce) can cream of mushroom soup (whichever you prefer)
- 1 1⁄2 cups sour cream
- 1 1⁄2 cups grated cheddar cheese
- 1⁄3 cup minced green onion
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 1 1⁄2 cups corn flakes
Directions See How It's Made
- Butter a 9x13 inch baking dish.
- Add hash browns then layer soup sour cream, cheese and place in 350° oven for 45 minutes.
- Mix crushed corn flakes with melted butter and layer on top off potato's Place in oven another 10 minutes to crisp topping.
- Sprinkle with minced onion and serve.


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MoneySavingExpert.com is one of the top editorial website for British consumer finance information. Its personality lie in the language and tone in the guides, articles, and blogs written by the 'experts on moneysaving' and the users' interaction with the MSE forums and social media. I joined the in-house design team at MoneySavingExpert.com and closely worked with the product, tech and editorial teams with a focus on brand evolution, accessibility and design systems. I was responsible for new product features, design projects and daily tasks; UX research and user testing.
Product Design, UX Design, Responsive Web Design
Problems with MoneySavingExpert.com
Reading Experience
In terms of scalability and MSE target audience being the UK population it would make sense to prioritise accessibility in the design. For example, with very important guides including rich content, becoming long pages with over 1000 words, it should be necessary to revise these page designs to ensure the user's reading experience on any sized screen is enhanced, and do not marginalise users with disability.
Too Many Elements
Hundreds of different design elements exists throughout the website, creating too many focus on too many different areas of the page. There is a competing heirarchy that reduces focus on what is really the most important and relevant subject on the page. On the homepage, above the fold, there is a lot of repetition of links and information between what's in each widget.
Design that is built for scale, necessary so that development resource is not exhausted on current structure that can be limiting. A design system effectively allows businesses to make decisions quicker on new features and change design elements on the website more easily while maintaining consistency. It is necessary for the MSE website and its growing portfolio of products to have a focused, accessible, universal design language that will be central in keeping users engaged with the content, educational and useful information and tools.
With the team, we came up with three main goals to present with our concept:
1. Create a discovery hub for new users
2. User engagement below the fold
3. Consistent content hierarchy
▸ Foundation for a design system that scales
▸ Visual design concepts for the direction of the brand
▸ Re-platform to Adobe Experience Manager
Tools and Product Forms
The majority of MSE tools and products have forms that users are often required to fill out. One of the popular tools is the Loans Eligibility Calculator that enables people to make a safe soft search for affordable loans most suited to them.
Each tool have different styles, structure and very little consistency between the forms. There are other ways to have each tool be distinct from one another, than just having new page designs. Instead of having various different design elements, which can be found throughout the site, how can we reduce creating new designs every time for each new widget, feature and page for existing and new tools?
In addition to and of solving the initial problem, and as part of the main initiative on creating a design language for MoneySavingExpert, I wanted to address the following in the form designs:
▸ Accessibility — Forms should be capable of functioning for all people including the visually impaired.
▸ Responsive forms — Forms should adapt to the smallest mobile screen size and be usable.
▸ Page hierarchy — MSE should have flexible form modules that can be customised with consistent, familiar form elements and reordered so that it can meet requirements of both MSE's different tools and products.


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Black Fringe Detail Studded Flatform Skater Pumps
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I Have Always Relied on the Kindness of Rachel
April 29, 2010 | Leave a Comment
I know the sweetest three words in the entire English language: "Jan owes me."
With this whole mess about hiring a new office manager, she's up to her eyeballs in paperwork. I'd have guessed that the head of HR would understand how much work is involved in the new hire process. And I guess she hasn't made many friends at Corporate, because no one's giving her any help. I watched from the hallway as four different people (including Tom) went into her office for something only to run back out seconds later amid a flurry of Jan's barbed insults. I guess it wasn't not going so well. In steped Miss Order-and-Detail.
"Hello there, Jan. Wow, that's quite a pile of paperwork! I bet you need it all filled out before the new office manager can start, huh?" Okay, so I was twisting the knife a little. C'mon. It's Jan we're talking about!
Well, of course she let loose with a new string of obsceneties that do not bear repeating here. Let's just say that when she was done, I dangled the carrot.
"Okay, okay. No problem. I'll leave you alone. But I just thought you might appreciate a little help with all those tedious forms. But if you'd rather I leave …"
"No, no." She was all sugar now. "If you want to help …."
"Well," I baited, "I'm very busy, but maybe I could spare a couple of hours to help."
She seemed about to smear me with more charm, but then stopped, realizing. Suddenly it was all business. "Okay, toots. How much is it gonna cost me for you to do all the work?"
"It's gonna be expensive." She cocked her head slightly. "You're gonna owe me one." Her shoulders fell. But all the same, she turned around , gathered up what was unquestionably a massive stack of papers and forms, and handed them over to me. Taking them from her, I turned to go back to my desk, where I'd plow through them with my usual efficiency and rectitude.
As I left, I stopped in her doorway. "We have an understanding then, yes?" The great Jan, knowing defeat when it came knocking on her door, nodded silently. And so I departed, knowing that I now had one of the most powerful favors in the entire office to call in whenever it suited me.
Oh yes, it's going to be a very pleasant summer, I can tell already. Now if you'll excuse me, I have a few last forms to complete.
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