text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 2008
|Filing date
|Jul 27, 2004
|Priority date
|Dec 16, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Bhaskar Ghosh, Thierry Cruanes, Benoit Dageville, Shrikanth Shankar
|Original Assignee
|Oracle International Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (35), Referenced by (7), Classifications (9), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the benefit of priority from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/530,413, entitled "Parallel Shared Cursors" filed Dec. 16, 2003, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/824,887, entitled "COMPILATION AND PROCESSING A PARALLEL SINGLE CURSOR MODEL", filed on Apr. 13, 2004, the contents of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, for all purposes.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/841,991, entitled "EXECUTING FILTER SUBQUERIES USING A PARALLEL SINGLE CURSOR MODEL", filed on May 6, 2004, the contents of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, for all purposes.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/865,178, entitled "COMMUNICATING EXTERNAL EXPRESSIONS USING A PARALLEL SINGLE CURSOR MODEL", filed on Jun. 9, 2004, the contents of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, for all purposes.
This application is related to:
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/898,300, entitled "DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE VIEWS WITH A PARALLEL SINGLE CURSOR MODEL", filed on Jul. 23, 2004;
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/930,433, entitled "EXECUTING NESTED SUBQUERIES OF PARALLEL TABLE FUNCTIONS IN THE PARALLEL SINGLE CURSOR MODEL", filed on Aug. 30, 2004;
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/944,175, entitled "EXECUTING A PARALLEL SINGLE CURSOR MODEL", filed on Sep. 16, 2004;
the contents of all of which are incorporated herein, in their entirety, for all purposes.
The present invention relates to managing data and, more specifically, to parallelizing operations that involve managing data in multiple-server systems.
Database applications interact with a database server by submitting to the database server commands that cause the database server to perform operations on data stored in a database. A database command that is sent from a database application to a database server contains the "original statement" of the database command.
For the database server to process the commands, the commands must conform to a database language supported by the database server. One database language supported by many database servers is known as the Structured Query Language (SQL).
When a database server receives the original statement of a database command from a database application, the database server must first determine which actions should be performed in response to the database command, and then perform those actions. The act of preparing for performance of those actions is generally referred to as "compiling" the database command, while performing those actions is generally referred to as "executing" the database command.
Various database languages, such as SQL, support special-purpose constructs referred to herein as "cursors". During the compilation of a query statement, the database server may perform a significant amount of preliminary work for the statement, such as parsing, semantic analysis, and query plan generation. A cursor stores the results of much of this preliminary work. For example, one set of information stored in a cursor includes the execution plan for performing the operations specified by the SQL statement.
One method of representing an execution plan is a row-source tree. At execution, traversal of a row-source tree from the bottom up yields a sequence of steps for performing the operation(s) specified by the SQL statement. A row-source tree is composed of row-sources. During the compilation process, row-sources are allocated, and each row-source is linked to zero, one, two, or more underlying row-sources. The makeup of a row-source tree depends on the query and the decisions made by a query optimizer during the compilation process. Typically, a row-source tree is comprised of multiple levels. The lowest level, the leaf nodes, access rows from a database or other data store. The top row-source, the root of the tree, produces, by composition, the rows of the query that the tree implements. The intermediate levels perform various transformations on rows produced by underlying row-sources.
The row-source tree representation of execution plans is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,180, entitled "Method and apparatus for implementing parallel operations in a database management system", issued to Hallmark et al on Jan. 5, 1999, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein. Hallmark also describes a "row-source approach" for parallelizing the operations required by an SQL command by parallelizing portions of the execution plan of the query. The row-source approach to parallelizing queries is described in greater detail below.
Sequential query execution uses one processor and one storage device at a time. In contrast, parallel query execution uses multiple processes to execute, in parallel, suboperations of a query. For example, virtually every query execution includes some form of manipulation of rows in a relation, or table of the database management system (DBMS). Before any manipulation can be done, the rows must be read, or scanned. In a sequential scan, the table is scanned using one process. Parallel query systems provide the ability to break up the scan such that more than one process can get involved in performance of the table scan.
Various techniques have been developed for parallelizing queries. Such techniques typically rely on an underlying query processing model. For example, one model (a "row-source model") for parallelizing queries is described, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,857,180, which was mentioned above. According to the row-source (iterator) model of SQL execution, data flows through the SQL operations modeled by a row-source in the form of row-vectors. Specifically, a parallel plan is built on the Query Coordinator (QC). The parallel plan is subdivided into sub-plans or sub-trees, each called a DFO (Data Flow Object), each of which are scheduled and run in parallel on a set of parallel execution slaves.
One of the main design issues in any parallel SQL execution engine is how to express and communicate these tasks or sub-plans to the parallel slave processes. According to one implementation of the row-source model, a specialized form of SQL, called slave SQL, is used to express such tasks or sub-plans. Slave SQL is standard SQL plus some extensions to support notions like data partitioning and flow of partitioned data from one DFO to another.
According to the same approach, the slave SQL, corresponding to each DFO, is sent to slaves. Upon receiving a slave SQL command, a slave compiles the slave SQL and executes the slave SQL using control information sent from the QC. The global parallel plan has a SQL cursor corresponding to each Data Flow Object (DFO). So, running a parallel query involves parsing, unparsing and executing a parallel cursor on the QC side and parsing and executing on a slave set one cursor per DFO.
When compiled by slaves, the DFO cursors expressed in slave SQL often generate special row-sources that a QC plan would never show. Given the complexity of this picture, parallel queries can be hard to manage, monitor and tune. Also, generating slave SQL for each DFO from the physical execution plan (comprising of row-source plus some parallel annotation) is difficult and error-prone, since the compilation structures get manipulated and transformed extensively after the high level SQL gets parsed, semantic-checked, optimized and compiled into the physical row-source plan.
As explained above, slave SQL is a means to generate the correct execution plan on the slave. To do this the database server has to add, parse and maintain special slave SQL constructs such as group-by staging operators, bitmap index specific operators, etc. Supporting slave SQL requires specialized slave-specific support from parsing all the way through execution. The amount of slave-specific support required to support the slave SQL approach results in a preponderance of slave specific code and has historically caused a large number of bugs. In addition, the new constructs required by slave SQL have to be SQL expressible.
As mentioned above, one step in the generation of the slave SQL statements that are sent to the slave sets is the unparsing of the row-source tree created for the original statement, and the data-flow operators contained therein. Such unparsing operations are difficult and error-prone. Typically, the database server has to generate a (supposedly implementation free) high level representation of the operations represented by each of the data flow operators. Within a relational database system that supports the SQL language, it is natural that the SQL language is used to express such high level representations of dataflow operators.
Thus, while the original statement is parsed to derive the query plan, portions of the query plan must be "un-parsed" to produce slave SQL statements. Unfortunately, by the time the database server reaches the post-compilation phase, when unparsing for slave SQL is performed, the compilation process has modified or moved around information (e.g. predicates) that needs to be gathered together again to correctly regenerate a query. This unparsing process is very specific to the parallel execution engine and requires statement-specific support, which can be cumbersome and error-prone.
In addition, using the slave SQL approach, parallelization of new SQL operations is usually done well after the design and implementation of the serial operation. Some of the decisions taken in the compilation layers for the serial implementation (which is based on the original statement) can contradict the requirements of generation and support for slave SQL.
The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:
In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Techniques shall be described hereafter for executing queries, or portions thereof, in parallel, in a multiple-server environment, without using slave SQL to communicate to each slave the operations to be performed by the slave. Instead of generating one cursor for the query coordinator (QC) based on the original statement, and separate cursors for each DFO based on the slave SQL, the techniques involve sharing either (1) the cursor that is generated from the original statement, or (2) an equivalent cursor, among the various participants involved in the parallel execution of the operations specified in the original statement. The model used by these techniques is referred to herein as the "Parallel Shared Cursor" (PSC) model of processing, in parallel, the operations specified in SQL queries.
The Parallel Shared-Cursor (PSC) based model provides a simpler and more manageable architecture for parallel SQL cursors. Specifically, in the PSC model, the database server builds a single cursor that contains the information needed for parallel execution, and is used for the entire parallel execution process, by both the QC and the slaves on a single instance of the database server where cursor sharing is possible. Because QC unparsing and slave parse support for slave SQL is no longer required, the support of new features, monitoring of query progression, and diagnosability of query performance, become better.
For the purpose of explanation, it is assumed that the database statement specifies one or more operations that can be parallelized. Consequently, the cursor 150 containing the complete execution plan is made available to a query coordinator 102 to allow the query coordinator 102 to coordinate the parallel execution of those operations.
The query coordinator 102 coordinates the parallel execution of an operation by providing to slave processes information that causes each of the slave processes to perform a portion of the parallel operation. However, the information provided to the slave processes is not in the form of slave SQL that must be separately parsed and compiled by the slave processes. Rather, as illustrated in
Regardless of whether a slave has access to the same cursor instance as the query coordinator, or to an instance of an equivalent cursor, the slave is privy to the same information. Significantly, that information is already in compiled form, thus avoiding the need for each slave to separately parse and compile their own cursors based on SQL fragments. Further, the information thereby available to each slave includes the complete execution plan, and is not limited to the portion of the plan that is specific to the role of that particular slave in the execution of the plan. Because the slave is exposed to this information, the slave can make intelligent decisions with respect to how to execute its portion of the plan. For example, a slave may determine how it will execute its portion of the plan based, in part, on some characteristic of the original statement. As another example, a slave may determine how it will execute its portion of the plan based, in part, on portions of the execution plan that will be executed by other slave processes.
According to one embodiment, because the slaves are to perform their assigned tasks based on the shared execution plan, all the constructs used for the execution of a parallel statement are expressed as row sources in the physical plan. Consequently, there need not be any other representation of this complete execution plan, and the same representation is used by the execution engine, both in the QC and the parallel execution slaves. Constructs that may be used to supplement an execution plan to provide support for execution of the parallel statement shall be described in detail hereafter.
During the compilation of the original SQL statement, the optimizer within the database server generates a logical execution plan in multiple passes. According to one embodiment, in the first pass, the join order and access methods are picked to minimize the parallel cost of a plan (analogous to total system usage cost) given the degree of parallelism (DOP) specified for each object in the query. While computing the parallel cost of a plan in this pass, the database server takes various parallel characteristics into account, such as number of nodes, number of partitions (table or index fragment) of each object, and the default distribution method.
In the second pass, the optimizer computes the best distribution method for each operation in the parallel plan. The result is a logical representation of the execution plan which is then compiled into a tree-based representation of physical operators (row-sources). In this phase, the database server also clumps row sources into DFO's and performs some physical optimizations taking into account specific knowledge of the requirement of the operator such as clustering, ordering or data fragmentation. The process of clumping row sources is typically performed while building the row source tree for the execution plan of the statement. Clumping generally involves grouping neighboring row sources to encapsulate or define a connected component of the plan tree which will be executed on a single slave process as a single piece. Clumping is used by the database server to define DFOs. When two neighboring row sources in the plan tree are not clumped together, they belong to different DFOs (i.e., there is a DFO boundary between them).
According to one embodiment, the complete plan is communicated by sharing the same physical copy of the plan when the slaves and QC run on the same node, and by linearizing and shipping the original SQL statement to remote nodes participating in the execution. On each remote node, the original statement is delinearized, reconstructed, and built into the cursor by one slave, and shared by all others on the same node. Alternatively, a separate copy of the complete execution plan may be sent to remote nodes by linearizing the plan into a predetermined format, for example.
Sharing the complete execution plan with the slave nodes improves the manageability and monitoring of parallel features in radical ways since all parallel constructs are expressed in the physical plan as row sources. Interesting parallel execution statistics (e.g. memory usage, number of messages, temp-space usage, network bandwidth, load skew) are all available in the row sources of the shared plan across all slaves and can be aggregated either live (for progress monitoring) or after a query finishes.
In addition, sharing the complete execution plan makes parallelization of new physical operators much easier and less error-prone, since the database server does not have to support an intermediate language on slaves, but only needs to define data distribution, clumping and DFO boundaries for the corresponding new row sources during plan compilation.
Further, sharing the complete execution plan improves code maintenance and debugging capability and reduces the memory usage associated with intermediate representations. Specifically, as discussed above, the QC and all slaves share or use the same parallel single cursor. At execution time, the QC only has to send control information to slaves to schedule the various DFOs (illustrated by the arrows in
As mentioned above, slaves on the same database server as the QC will usually share the cursor generated by the QC (the "master cursor"), and thereby share access to the same parallel plan (the "master plan"). However, slaves on other database servers ("remote servers") are typically not able to directly access the volatile memory containing the master cursor. Thus, according to one embodiment, slaves on remote servers ("remote slaves") perform a hard parse of the original statement, and only participate in execution of the parallel query if the remote slaves generate a plan that is equivalent to the master plan.
According to one embodiment, techniques are provided to ensure that the remote slaves on a remote server participate in execution of the parallel query if and only if the parallel plan built at the remote server (the "remote plan") is equivalent to the master plan. To increase the likelihood that remote slaves generate an equivalent plan, sufficient information is sent over to the remote slaves to make the SQL compilation process behave as on the QC. If a remote slave does not generate an equivalent plan, the remote slave will not join the parallel query. The parallel query uses only the slaves which choose to join. Thus, it is possible to have a situation in which no slaves join the parallel query. Under such circumstances, the query is executed serially.
Unfortunately, it is possible for a remote node to compile the original statement in a manner that produces a remote plan that is sufficiently different from the master plan. Under such circumstances, use of the remote plan would lead to errors. Therefore, according to one embodiment, the correctness of such remote plans is determined by (1) generating one or more signatures based on the contents of the master plan, (2) generating one or more signatures based on the contents of each remote plan, and (3) comparing the signatures of the master plan against the signatures of each of the remote plans. If the signatures of a remote plan do not match the signatures of the master plan, then the remote plan is considered incorrect. Consequently, the slaves that would otherwise have used the incorrect remote plan do not participate in the execution of the query.
It is possible for some portions (e.g. serial subtrees in the plan) of a remote execution plan to differ from the corresponding portions of the local execution plan without affecting the correctness of the result. For example, in a serial part of the plan, a full table scan of a table T in the plan may be compiled on one server versus a serial index scan of the same table T in the plan for the same statement compiled on another server. Since the QC (not the slaves) will execute the scan of table T in the execution of the global plan, the database server does not need to ensure that the plan signatures consider that part of the plan. However, in another embodiment, the database server could decide that serial parts of the plan are executed on a single slave, and not on the QC. Under these circumstances, the database server includes the serial parts of the plan in the signature computation. Therefore, according to one embodiment, the signatures are generated only on those portions of the execution plan that must match in order to ensure correctness of the operation.
According to one embodiment, to verify that a given piece of a remote plan is identical to the corresponding piece of the master plan, a "parallel plan signature" is computed based on the logical properties of the query plan. In one embodiment, the parallel plan signature is an array of checksums, each computed by traversing the plan and computing an internal hash function based on each of the following logical properties of each node or subtree within the plan.
On the QC, this parallel plan signature is computed after physical compilation and stored in the parallel cursor context. According to one embodiment, the parallel plan signature of the master plan is sent over to the slaves as part of the parse message. Once a slave does a hard parse, the slave computes its local plan signature and compares the local plan signature to the one received from the QC. If the signatures match, the slave joins the slave group to participate in execution of the parallel query. If the signatures do not match, then the slave does not join.
In the embodiment described above, the signatures for the master plan are sent to the remote nodes, where they are compared to the corresponding signatures of the remote plans. However, in an alternative embodiment, each remote server may send the signatures for its remote plan to the QC, and the QC can perform the comparisons between the signatures of the master plan and the corresponding signatures of the remote plans.
By taking into account enough logical properties of the plan, the chance of the signature being the same even if the slave gets a different plan, is statistically insignificant.
Certain information, such as the original statement and the values of any bind variables, are sent to slaves to ensure correct parsing and execution of the statement. However, this information does not guarantee that a remotely generated execution plan will be usable. It is inefficient to have remote execution plans generated merely to later determine that they and their corresponding slaves cannot be used. Therefore, according to one embodiment, additional information is sent to remote nodes, along with the original statement and the values of any bind variables, in order to increase the chances that the remotely generated instance of the execution plan will be sufficiently similar to the local plan. According to one embodiment, such additional information includes certain optimizer parameters and statistics. By taking this information into account, the optimizer on the remote nodes are more likely to generate remote execution plans that can be used by remote slaves to correctly perform portions of the parallel operation.
As mentioned above, by communicating certain statistics to slave processes, the likelihood that the slave processes will build a remote plan that is equivalent to the master plan is increased. According to one embodiment, two kinds of statistics which are used by the optimizer in costing plans, are propagated from the QC to the slaves: Extent Map statistics and Dynamic Statistics.
Extent Map statistics may include, for example, certain pieces of information about each un-analyzed object in the query. An un-analyzed object is an object for which no explicit statistics collection has been done by the user (e.g. using an analyze object statement) and the statistics saved in the dictionary for that object are usually default or non-deterministic. Such pieces of information may include, for example, the number of rows in the object, the number of blocks in the object, the average size of the rows of the object, etc.
Dynamic statistics may include, for example, those statistics generated by performing dynamic sampling (using recursive SQL) for base tables which have no statistics, or selectivities generated for inline views.
The results of sampling across multiple database servers can be different because of the randomness inherent in the sampling process. Different sampling results can cause remote plans to be different from master plans. Therefore, to reduce the chances of producing non-equivalent remote plans, the statistics produced by dynamic sampling operations performed on the QC are communicated to the slaves so that the sampling results used by the slaves mimic those produced at the QC.
Specifically, the results produced by dynamic sampling operations performed during query optimization usually include (1) the selectivity and (2) the cardinality of a single object, possibly constrained by a set of predicates. According to one embodiment, a "sampling signature" is generated for each dynamic sampling cursor generated and used during QC optimization. Such a signature may be generated, for example, by performing a hash function on the text of the cursor. The database server stores the cardinality and selectivity returned by that cursor in a list, using the sampling signature as the hash key. While sending the original statement over to a slave, this dynamic sampling list is also sent over. The slave saves the dynamic sampling list in an appropriate container in its private memory. Then, during query optimization on the remote server, whenever the remote slave builds a dynamic sampling cursor, the remote slave computes the signature of the dynamic sampling cursor and looks up the selectivity and cardinality from the dynamic sampling list, instead of actually executing the recursive SQL. In this way, the same dynamic statistics are used during the slave hard parse as were used during the construction of the master cursor.
According to one embodiment, various types of parameters are communicated to the slaves to increase the likelihood that the remote plans built by the remote slaves will be equivalent to the master plan. The types of parameters may include, for example, session, system and initialization parameters.
According to one embodiment, all the parameters used through the compilation phase are captured on the QC and propagated to the remote slaves that are asked to participate in the parallel execution of the query. Some examples of such parameters are: optimization parameters (e.g. complex_view_merging, query_unnesting, grouping_set_rewrite etc.), memory parameters (e.g. those used by the dynamic memory manager to decide on sort sizes), and machine parameters (e.g cpu_count, instance_count etc).
Computer system 300 may be coupled via bus 302 to a display 312, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user. An input device 314, including alphanumeric and other keys, is coupled to bus 302 for communicating information and command selections to processor 304. Another type of user input device is cursor control 316, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor 304 and for controlling cursor movement on display 312. This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allows the device to specify positions in a plane.
The invention is related to the use of computer system 300 for implementing the techniques described herein. According to one embodiment of the invention, those techniques are performed by computer system 300 in response to processor 304 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in main memory 306. Such instructions may be read into main memory 306 from another machine-readable medium, such as storage device 310. Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 306 causes processor 304 to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
The term "machine-readable medium" as used herein refers to any medium that participates in providing data that causes a machine to operation in a specific fashion. In an embodiment implemented using computer system 300, various machine-readable media are involved, for example, in providing instructions to processor 304 for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device 310. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory 306. Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 302. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications.
Common forms of machine-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punchcards, papertape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
Various forms of machine-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to processor 304 for execution. For example, the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic disk of a remote computer. The remote computer can load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A modem local to computer system 300 can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infra-red transmitter to convert the data to an infra-red signal. An infra-red detector can receive the data carried in the infra-red signal and appropriate circuitry can place the data on bus 302. Bus 302 carries the data to main memory 306, from which processor 304 retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by main memory 306 may optionally be stored on storage device 310 either before or after execution by processor 304.
Computer system 300 also includes a communication interface 318 coupled to bus 302. Communication interface 318 provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link 320 that is connected to a local network 322. For example, communication interface 318 may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, communication interface 318 may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, communication interface 318 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
Network link 320 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link 320 may provide a connection through local network 322 to a host computer 324 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 326. ISP 326 in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the "Internet" 328. Local network 322 and Internet 328 both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 320 and through communication interface 318, which carry the digital data to and from computer system 300, are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
Computer system 300 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 320 and communication interface 318. In the Internet example, a server 330 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 328, ISP 326, local network 322 and communication interface 318.
The received code may be executed by processor 304 as it is received, and/or stored in storage device 310, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer system 300 may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave.
In the foregoing specification, embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to numerous specific details that may vary from implementation to implementation. Thus, the sole and exclusive indicator of what is the invention, and is intended by the applicants to be the invention, is the set of claims that issue from this application, in the specific form in which such claims issue, including any subsequent correction. Any definitions expressly set forth herein for terms contained in such claims shall govern the meaning of such terms as used in the claims. Hence, no limitation, element, property, feature, advantage or attribute that is not expressly recited in a claim should limit the scope of such claim in any way. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 28, 1985
|Sep 6, 1988
|Honeywell Bull, Inc.
|Automated query optimization method using both global and parallel local optimizations for materialization access planning for distributed databases
|Sep 2, 1986
|Aug 22, 1989
|The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York
|Binary tree parallel processor
|Apr 4, 1991
|Jun 28, 1994
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Method of automatically controlling the allocation of resources of a parallel processor computer system by calculating a minimum execution time of a task and scheduling subtasks against resources to execute the task in the minimum time
|Nov 4, 1993
|Jun 9, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method of performing a parallel relational database query in a multiprocessor environment
|Jun 30, 1997
|Oct 13, 1998
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Optimization of correlated SQL queries in a relational database management system
|Apr 4, 1994
|Nov 10, 1998
|At&T Global Information Solutions Company
|Multi-processor computer system for operating parallel client/server database processes
|Jul 21, 1997
|Jan 5, 1999
|Oracle Corporation
|Method and apparatus for implementing parallel operations in a database management system
|Sep 26, 1997
|Jan 26, 1999
|Tm Patents, L.P.
|Parallel system and method for generating classification/regression tree
|Nov 27, 1996
|Aug 10, 1999
|Sybase, Inc.
|Database system with improved methods for filtering duplicates from a tuple stream
|Jun 30, 1997
|Jun 27, 2000
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Shared nothing parallel execution of procedural constructs in SQL
|May 3, 1999
|Jul 4, 2000
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Database system and method for supporting current of cursor updates and deletes from a select query from one or more updatable tables in single node and MPP environments
|Jun 29, 1998
|Aug 29, 2000
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Optimization of data repartitioning during parallel query optimization
|Jan 31, 1997
|Sep 11, 2001
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for decomposing database queries for database management system including multiprocessor digital data processing system
|Dec 16, 1998
|Jun 25, 2002
|Microsoft Corporation
|Evaluating SQL subqueries
|Jul 30, 1999
|Oct 15, 2002
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for transparently caching and reusing query execution plans efficiently
|Feb 25, 2000
|Mar 4, 2003
|Microsoft Corporation
|Automating statistics management for query optimizers
|Sep 13, 1999
|Sep 23, 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Parallel query optimization strategies for replicated and partitioned tables
|Mar 31, 2000
|Apr 13, 2004
|Microsoft Corporation
|Validating multiple execution plans for database queries
|Jun 7, 2002
|Jun 21, 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Parallel database query processing for non-uniform data sources via buffered access
|Mar 7, 2002
|Aug 9, 2005
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Storage system having means for acquiring execution information of database management system
|May 7, 2001
|Oct 11, 2005
|Oracle International Corporation
|Enabling intra-partition parallelism for partition-based operations
|Nov 14, 2002
|Nov 22, 2005
|Sesint, Inc.
|Method and system for parallel processing of database queries
|Jul 10, 2002
|Mar 28, 2006
|Oracle International Corporation
|Techniques for pruning a data object during operations that join multiple data objects
|Dec 18, 2002
|May 23, 2006
|Oracle International Corporation
|Dynamic optimization for processing a restartable sub-tree of a query execution plan
|Nov 21, 2002
|Aug 8, 2006
|Oracle International Corporation
|Dynamic and scalable parallel processing of sequence operations
|Dec 3, 2001
|Mar 28, 2002
|Morihiro Iwata
|Parallel database system retrieval method of a relational database management system using initial data retrieval query and subsequent sub-data utilization query processing for minimizing query time
|May 15, 2001
|Mar 20, 2003
|Microsoft Corporation
|Query optimization by sub-plan memoization
|Jun 25, 2002
|Apr 3, 2003
|Horman Randall W.
|Database diagnostic system and method
|Mar 29, 2002
|Oct 2, 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Database query optimizer framework with dynamic strategy dispatch
|Nov 21, 2002
|Nov 6, 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for ordering parallel operations in a resource manager
|Jun 7, 2002
|Dec 11, 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Parallel database query processing for non-uniform data sources via buffered access
|Aug 28, 2003
|Sep 2, 2004
|Indian Institute Of Information Technology
|Method for executing a sequential program in parallel with automatic fault tolerance
|Aug 25, 2003
|Mar 3, 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method, system, and article of manufacture for parallel processing and serial loading of hierarchical data
|Jun 9, 2004
|Jun 16, 2005
|Oracle International Corporation
|Communicating external expressions using a parallel single cursor model
|Apr 13, 2004
|Jun 16, 2005
|Oracle International Corporation
|Compilation and processing a parallel single cursor model
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 31, 2007
|Mar 30, 2010
|Oracle International Corporation
|Adaptive cursor sharing
|Jul 31, 2007
|Apr 20, 2010
|Oracle International Corporation
|Extended cursor sharing
|Feb 25, 2010
|Oct 30, 2012
|Oracle International Corporation
|Method and system for implementing efficient cursor pruning
|Jul 11, 2006
|Jan 17, 2008
|Mariam John
|Optimizing a query to a database
|Jul 31, 2007
|Feb 5, 2009
|Oracle International Corporation
|Extended cursor sharing
|Jul 31, 2007
|Feb 5, 2009
|Oracle International Corporation
|Adaptive cursor sharing
|Feb 25, 2010
|Aug 25, 2011
|Oracle International Corporation
|Method and system for implementing efficient cursor pruning
|U.S. Classification
|1/1, 707/999.003, 707/999.004
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 27, 2004
Owner name: ORACLE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GHOSH, BHASKAR;CRUANES, THIERRY;DAGEVILLE, BENOIT;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:015636/0421;SIGNING DATES FROM 20040722 TO 20040723
|Oct 27, 2009
|Certificate of correction
|Aug 3, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 19, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
So this morning at work I popped out one of the many outer doors that let you out of the many hallways of this monstrous building and almost walked into a 26 foot truck with car in tow. After a little small talk I found out they were moving up to Vegas from the Phoenix area. The man was nice, his four little children were not. I can't imagine why little children would be cranky after a six hour ride in a cramped car or loud, obnoxious truck.
I noticed mom has another one in the oven too. I thought wow dude, you've bought the entire deal. you could never afford all the child support she would want! Hey, I paid child support for 14 years and never missed a payment so I'm safe being snarky about this subject. The hubs was the only person working on unloading the truck. I dare say there are about three hundred pounds of shit they don't really need coming off that truck.
Working upstairs and near them, I could hear the wife yelling at the children and being rather nasty to her husband. I'm not eavesdropping, the wall vents allow all the noise outside to come in, including the crotch rocket motorcycles on the road out front, dead man riding. There was also a copious quantity of paper, documents, lids and covers and various candy wrappers blowing all around the area, we have another wind storm in progress.
So, what is my point aye? I did the family thing, my babies are grown up these days. I am recently divorced for the third and final time, I assure you. Some of us are meant to remain single. Seeing and hearing the goings on with this young family today reminded me of those days so many years ago and I can say with full confidence at this time in my life that I am incredibly happy to be a single man again. Life is simple today. Life is much happier.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Many businesses do not use social networking and social media to their advantage. For example, Facebook can be an effective way of increasing business.
If you want to increase business through Facebook, there are a few tips you can use to ensure you get the most from social media.
1. Offer customers something for liking your Facebook page. For example, make certain promotions exclusive to Facebook users. Give your customers a reason to go to your Facebook page by offering discounts on products or services.
2. Don't make your Facebook difficult to read. Make getting information from your Facebook page easy for customers. Don't use confusing jargon, and keep it straight to the point.
3. Give customers information about the company, as well as trivia facts. You want to build a trusting relationship with customers by offering honest information.
4. Place a share button on the Facebook page. With a share button, customers who visit the page can share information you post with other people.
5. Keep the Facebook page updated on a regular basis. An important aspect of maintaining and increasing business is keeping your customers updated on new happenings with the company.


text:
Migrating Multisite?
Hi all,
I have had this problem for about a week and cannot find a fix for what I need to do.
I have 3 sites created on my multisite. One in path / one in path /videos/ and another in path /store/
I need to move the site in the path of / to a directory named /pics/ so I can use the path / as a homepage. I have tried to export and import to my new directory but it tells me the import failed. Files were empty? Since I have not found away and I'm getting antsy, I was going to restore the site and import it to the new directory. Then delete everything out of / and start fresh. But that has not worked either.
Thanks in advance,
p.s Sorry for the grammar errors.
Viewing 3 replies - 1 through 3 (of 3 total)
Viewing 3 replies - 1 through 3 (of 3 total)
- The topic 'Migrating Multisite?' is closed to new replies.


text:
SPONSOR: Dan Potts, Associate -Cottee Parker Architects
Sebnem trained as an architect, and has a Master's degree in Urban Design. She has eight years of international professional experience as an architect, ranging from private houses to border control complexes and from refurbishing heritage buildings to the concept design of embassies. Prior to joining Cottee Parker, Sebnem worked as an urban designer for various local government authorities in Victoria, specialising in public realm enhancement projects, design coordination between the architecture and landscape architecture teams, and preparation of urban design guidelines and principles for the councils. She has a particular interest in the public realm and the overlap between architecture and urban design. In her current role she leads a residential and hotel mix use project in Perth.


text:
Best Actress in 2005
Log in to copy items to your own lists.
" (Sophie Scholl) " - dziwnytenswiat
Sarah Polley
Actress, Dawn of the Dead
Sarah Polley is an actress and director renowned in her native Canada for her political activism. Blessed with an extremely expressive face that enables directors to minimize dialog due to her uncanny ability to suggest a character's thoughts, Polley has become a favorite of critics for her sensitive portraits of wounded and conflicted young women in independent films...
" (The Secret Life of Words) " - dziwnytenswiat
Jasmin Tabatabai
Actress, Die letzte Spur
She played in the woman-band "Even Cowgirls get the blues", which also helped her to play her part in the movie Bandits. She wrote most of the songs for the Soundtrack of "Bandits". On 3rd December 2002, her first child, a girl named Angelina Sherri Rose, was born. Father of the child is the American musician Tico Zamora, who lives in Berlin with Jasmin...
" (Fremde Haut) " - dziwnytenswiat
Nadja Uhl
Actress, The Baader Meinhof Complex
" (Sommer vorm Balkon) " - dziwnytenswiat
Michelle Monaghan
Actress, Source Code
Michelle Lynn Monaghan was born on March 23, 1976, in Winthrop, Iowa. She is the youngest of three children and the only daughter of Sharon (Hamel), who ran a day care center, and Robert L. Monaghan, a factory worker and farmer. She is of mostly Irish and German descent. After graduating from high school in Iowa...
" (Kiss Kiss Bang Bang) and (North Country) " - dziwnytenswiat
Inka Friedrich
Actress, Sommer vorm Balkon
" (Sommer vorm Balkon) " - dziwnytenswiat
Rachel Weisz
Actress, The Mummy
Rachel Hannah Weisz was born on 7 March, 1970, in London, U.K., to Edith Ruth (Teich), a psychoanalyst, and George Weisz, an inventor. Her parents both came to England around 1938. Her father is a Hungarian Jewish immigrant, and her mother, from Vienna, is of Italian and Austrian Jewish heritage. Rachel has a sister, Minnie, a curator and photographer...
" (The Constant Gardener) - Rachel Weisz won an Oscar for this role. " - dziwnytenswiat
Juliette Binoche
Actress, The English Patient
Juliette Binoche was born in Paris, France, to Monique Yvette Stalens, a director, teacher, and actress, and Jean-Marie Binoche, a sculptor, director, and actor. Her mother was born in Czestochowa, Poland, of French, Walloon Belgian, and Polish descent, while her father is French. Juliette was only 23 when she first attracted the attention of international film critics with The Unbearable Lightness of Being...
" (Caché) " - dziwnytenswiat
Frances McDormand
Actress, Fargo
Frances Louise McDormand was born on June 23, 1957 in Chicago, Illinois. She was adopted by Canadian-born parents Noreen Eloise (Nickleson), a nurse from Ontario, and Vernon Weir McDormand, a minister from Nova Scotia, who raised her in the suburbs of Pittsburgh. She earned her B.A. in Theater from Bethany College in 1979 and her MFA from Yale in 1982...
" (North Country) - Frances McDormand was nominated for an Oscar for this role. " - dziwnytenswiat
" (Barfuss) " - dziwnytenswiat


text:
We believe in using the freshest ingredients to create the best Italian dishes using our family recipes. We promise to deliver a true Italian family dining experience!
Have your business always show up at the top of the business directory and featured
Provides all of the benefits of Featured and adds
You need a valid edit code to make changes to your listing. The 'Click to Continue' button will send a valid url/link that allows for editing of this listing.
The email will be sent to the address we currently have for your business.
at (250) 412-3500 to assist you.


text:
Mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil
As regular, pseduofems battle against the patriarchy by whining that the patriarchy ought to change by itself. it's only a easy and easy racing game. Everybody appears to be speaking about your mad experience in BMX Ramp, and now they need you again into the world of BMX video games in BMX Ramp 2. IncrementAchievement approach, which is juegos para motorola rokr u9 Play Video video games extension. Choose from all kinds of amazingly successfully-drawn pictures and put them again collectively once more by your self time. Gummy drop Love. The Up Arrow enables you to soar up. Nice recreation plenty of features which can be given however paying would make issues easy. After placing in both the software program bundle or the entire Fedora mannequin you'll be able to run these devices by tekken 6 free game to play the applications that correspond with them. We'll take a peek, and if it checks out, we'll put it on the market on our web site, provde the entire credit and hyperlink as soon as extra to your web site. This makes Bronzong a high-class gamebreaker, as a result of one of its abilities ( Levitate ) negates one in all its solely 2 weaknesses whereas the other ( Mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil ) negates the other. Drive the Sonic airplane as finest as you'll be able to with the target of gather as many red gems as you may. A cute and addicting match three recreation with every kind of livestock. However that is exactly what Fallout Shelter is: design a Vault, populate it with new citizens by recruiting of us from the submit-apocalyptic Wasteland or through extra. Receive and play bike racing video video games,movement video video games,video video video games,hidden object video video games,automotive video games,truck video video games,3D video games and practice now we've now sport video games,cartoon video games,technique video video games and solitaire of our mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil downloadable video games are a hundred freed from malware and our advance bajar boy game juegos free video games in your desktop LAPTOP COMPUTER and laptop laptop in addition to your netbook and residential dwelling windows pill you will receive free laptop computer games,video video video games,ball video video games,video video games for women and boys,journey video video video games,establishing video games,thriller video video video games,capturing games,fish video video games and tower protection video games!Our successfully-preferred minecraft video games are free for laptop laptop,laptop computer computer laptop or cellular,so you can receive and play on-line minecraft video games like minecaves. Will Zuma have its revenge. Mousecraft is a may want to have recreation, considerably for people who mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil themselves inside the hunt for a simple, nonetheless troublesome Ideas teaser. By category, you will discover easily flash and HTML5 video games on-line to play alone or with others. Alongside related traces as Vanishing Realms, you not solely stroll spherical your bodily house, but furthermore switch across the bigger world by teleporting. In the meantime we'll do our best to ship mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil absolute best gaming experience by further enhancing our website. The precise explicit status quo en los juegos olimpicos individual with that quantity repeats the phrase mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil absolutely, and chooses one completely completely different quantity. This string seems to be so previous, it may be that Engadget isn't even round any extra. On this premiere episode, 'In Too Deep,' Michonne joins Pete and his crew on the crusing ship The Companion as they cruise the coast for survivors and provides. To be honest, calling them stupid is the least loathsome various. As beforehand acknowledged, Mario video video games are iconic amongst different video video video games. Variables and shortcuts may be mapped and exploited throughout the computer's reminiscence. We might additionally prefer to take this time to thank all of you who are helping make v3 descargar juegos para sony ericsson s500i gratis into what it's and will probably be by participating on this closed BETA. RPG Clicker is the newest in a long line, nevertheless its charming pixellated visible style and fantasy-RPG components make it stand out. Fats tires, a number of vert, and loads of horsepower: this uphill racing recreation is coast-to-coast coolness. 1 year I wrapped a big box like a present and reduce a hole on 1 end with a flap of paper to cowl the the bottom of the field I tapped 12 small objects which are associated to Christmas ex. A soldier has been wounded. SHADOWGUN is one of the best multi-player shooter on Android, and can push highly effective Android gadgets to the limit due to its demanding graphics. Everybody appears to be speaking about your mad experience in BMX Ramp, and now they need you again into the world of BMX video games in BMX Ramp 2. I would go so far as to say that All New World of Lemmings was the higher recreation here. The situation is comparable in Pokйmon X and Ybut there are four rivals. If the standing reveals as Queued or Paused, select the sport or app and press download free games war Menu buttonafter which choose Mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil installation. Final of all, the sport's enemies are all pretty comparable-y - considerably when as in contrast with, say, the design of Nice Mario World's assorted enemies on the time. Other than that I did love juegos ocio y entretenimiento affordable mechanical failures and tracks that you mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil usually see lately like the original Hockenheim. If the participant good elements a purple and yellow Great Mushroom, Mario grows to double his dimension and may take one additional hit from most atomica free game online and obstacles, together with having the ability to interrupt bricks above him. And each single time, he went out and gained Sport 2-till Sunday. An infusion of the 1980s into your eyes and ears, the game incorporates a automotive driving alongside a neon observe, avoiding obstacles, all to a synth-pop soundtrack. We offer you most likely the best collection of free downloadable Fish Video video mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil that may carry you numerous gratifying. The second-largest opponents is human vs human - in numerous phrases, multiplayer. You get a superhero role with Mercado de desenvolvimento de jogos no brasil or now, the upcoming DC universe. If you happen to wish to be linked with us, you might give us a Like on our facebook internet page. En main Woman On-line es un intento fallido de convertir a una youtuber en escritora para explotarla y sacar dinero. With the concept of salvation floating within the air, the present cuts to Queen Margaery reading from a holy textual content whereas the High Sparrow includes poke and prod at her, perhaps nonetheless skeptical of her conversion. If the opposite staff thinks they will do it in less, they will say any number less than four.More...
Comments:16.08.2014 at 11:44 Shahn:
Unequivocally, a prompt reply :)
25.08.2014 at 21:11 Arashill:
It is remarkable, this rather valuable opinion
03.09.2014 at 08:27 Zuluk:
I apologise, but, in my opinion, you are not right. I am assured. I can defend the position. Write to me in PM, we will communicate.
13.09.2014 at 04:25 Vudor:
I consider, that you are not right. Let's discuss it. Write to me in PM.
23.09.2014 at 05:12 Dajin:
In my opinion you are not right. I am assured. Let's discuss it. Write to me in PM, we will communicate.
27.09.2014 at 13:21 Voodook:
You are not right. I can prove it.
01.10.2014 at 15:38 Bagrel:
Absolutely with you it agree. In it something is also I think, what is it good idea.
08.10.2014 at 09:29 Akinotilar:
I think, that anything serious.
13.10.2014 at 10:38 Kakus:
It is a pity, that I can not participate in discussion now. It is not enough information. But with pleasure I will watch this theme.


text:
How has Myanmar's tech transformation changed the way candidates campaign?
It only applies to the urban areas. For me, many people [online] know my ideas and that I am going to run via social media and online media. But only a few people from my constituency know that. If a candidate wants to launch a social media campaign targeting his or her own voters it is not the best way to campaign. But for the political parties, online campaigns are very effective.
Why did you decide to use Facebook as a campaign tool?
I just want let the young people know I am going to run. And they should start thinking about taking part in professional politics. And I also need volunteers. It wasn't targeted at voters from my constituency.
Are there any challenges with using Facebook to run for election?
Nope. As far as I have experienced, there is no such thing, as long as you can understand the diversity.
It is like if someone commented on your post with different point of view, or says 'I don't support your ideas,' ... As a candidate you should not reply to them with emotion, and should not take every comment into account.
Can social media affect the election?
Of course, yes ... The election business is all about communication. Among the parties and candidates, the one who can communicate effectively will be a winner. It is clear.


text:
Recent Posts
- Vintage stitching…….. August 16, 2017
- Design Wall….er….Table Monday………………… August 14, 2017
- Today is: ONE WORD (almost) WEDNESDAY!!!……………… August 9, 2017
- Design Wall Monday………. August 7, 2017
- Not quilting but…..my today…….. July 28, 2017
- Play moments………. July 28, 2017
- Vintage UFOs-Part 2………….. July 27, 2017
- Finishing up UFOs…………… July 26, 2017
Quilt Along
Recreating Antique Quilts Blog Hop
Inbox Jaunt
Free Motion Friday
Thread Talk
Free Motion Quilting Project
Amy's link-up
Moore Love
Bumble Beans Basics
Ms. Sweetie
Liebster Blog
Leah Day
Good Neighbor Award
Award of Excellence
- Follow Treadlemusic on WordPress.com
Oh My Stars!
Join me on social media…..
Tag Archives: padded hangers
(Anything but) Wordless Wednesday……..
My week began with a "road trip" with the Spring Grove quilters to, first, Seed Savers Exchange outside Decorah, Iowa. A beautiful sunny day to be out and about. Above is the visitor center where gardening items and, of course, … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged Christmas table topper, Decorah, Feathers, McTavishing, padded hangers, Red-Roxy, Seed Savers Exchange, star, Sweet 16, tea pots 12 Comments


text:
The Golden Portobello BeachJanuary 30, 2017 • Events
We are so excited for our next series of Muddy Events to commence! In case you didn't know, this year we have teamed up with The Wild Network for a wonderful morning of free outdoor fun.
We love expanding our events all across the country; this time round it's no different. For the first time ever we are proud to be hosting a muddy event in Edinburgh! Our adventure will be held at the fantastic Portobello Beach, we can't wait to splash around and have fun in the sand. It's going to be a great setting for our wild and muddy morning.
Located just 5km east of Edinburgh city centre is two miles of golden sand. Perfect for exploring with the family, this cracking costal suburb hosts gorgeous scenery and some amazing views of the bay, this is one not to miss!
Our friends at Porty Wild Things will be there on the day running the event; they've told us so many wonderful things about the beach! After our muddy morning, why not take a bracing walk down the promenade and stop into one of many delicious cafes for a bite to eat? Finish up by treating your explorers to a quick game on the amusements before heading home. Sounds like the perfect Sunday and the ideal way to wrap up half-term.
Freely register your family for a superb day outdoors and join our Wild and Muddy Adventure.


text:
Washing machines are as essential in the American home as a refrigerator or microwave oven, maybe moreso. We throw the laundry in, add some soap and those magic machines deliver clean laundry about thirty minutes later. One day we toss the laundry in, add the soap, turn the dial and pull and nothing happens. The water goes in, but the machine does not go around and clean the clothes. So there we are with a machine full of dirty clothes and water and a problem somewhere. Maybe it's a belt that is broken.
Things You'll Need
- Hammer
- Short pry bar
- Crescent wrenches to size
- New belt
Move the washer out from the wall so you can remove the back. You may need another person to help move it because it is full of clothes and water. It would be easier to take the wet clothes out and put them in a pail or nearby laundry sink and then try to bail or pump the water out. It will be a messy operation, but easier in the long run.
Remove the back of the washer. Use screw drivers, nut drivers or hex head wrenches to remove the screws or fasteners on the back casing of the washer. Don't forget to unplug the washer from the electrical socket first. If it is a gas dryer, remove the hose from the gas line and temporarily cap off the line at the wall. Be very careful with gas lines and be sure they are capped off securely.
Find the belt. Belts are usually easy to find. They look much like fan belts in cars or belts in vacuum cleaners. A damaged one will be easy to spot. It will be broken altogether or so loose from wear that it does not grab the pulley and turn the washer drum.
Loosen the bolt on the motor bracket. Use a crescent wrench for this job. In a pinch a pair of pliers may do. Move the motor to put slack in the belt. Even if the belt is broken, you will still need to move the motor to install the new belt.
Remove the old belt. Stretch a new one into place on the pulleys.
Put tension on the new belt by using a hammer handle or a short pry bar to push the motor into position while you tighten the bolt in the adjustable bracket. Leave about 1/2-inch of slack when you press it in the center. If it is too loose, it will slip on the pulleys. If it is too tight, it wears quickly and may start to smoke or burn.
While you are in there tighten the pulleys by checking and tightening set screws all around the pulley hub. You may forestall another problem in the future by taking care of pulleys now while it is convenient.
Related Searches
You May Also Like
How to Install Washing Machine Belts
The washing machine belt connects the motor to the drum, and if your washing machine is not spinning and the motor seems...
How to Replace a Frigidaire Washer Belt
Replacing the belt on the Frigidaire washing machine is a job that can be completed in about a half-hour. Occasionally, the belt...
How to Replace a Belt on a Whirlpool Washing Machine
If your Whirlpool washing machine makes sounds like it is working, but nothing is happening, it may be a faulty belt. Older...
How to Replace a Belt For a Hoover Washing Machine
Hoover automatic washing machines range in size and capacity as well as amount of features and type of design. Each model shares...
How to Replace a Stretch Belt on a Washing Machine
To replace a stretch belt on a washing machine, you must pull the old belt off the pulley carefully, then wrap the...


text:
There are total 14 letters in Supercalenders, Starting with S and ending with S.
Total 2025 words created by multiple letters combination of Supercalenders in English Dictionary.
Supercalenders is a scrabble word? Yes (19 Points)
Supercalenders has worth 19 Scrabble points. Each letter point as below.
Words that starting with Supercalenders
Words that containing Supercalenders
Words that ending with Supercalenders


text:
Sunday, October 10, 2010
Ivan at three months, contemplating his first stereoscopic novel.
Actually, I had an unhappy childhood, thank God.
How else to be a writer?
But if one only had been born a toff!
Ah, what could have been. I could have been somebody.
I could have been Marlon Brando. I coulda been a contenda! I could have invented 3D!
20 comments:
- Mona said...
you mean writers are Drama Queens?[sic]
Hello Ivan!
- 10/11/2010 2:19 am
- the walking man said...
hahahahahahahahahahahahaahaha Mona punched you in the nose!
- 10/11/2010 8:26 am
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
Well, Prof Mona,
We're a pair o'Docs. We have both studied Nietzsche. And we have published tracts.
But I don't think theres a [sic]
in Ecce Homo.
So nice to see you back. Where ya been? Mysterious hiatus.
- 10/11/2010 10:32 am
- Charles Gramlich said...
I had a happy childhood until I went to school and started hanging around people. Then it turned bad. People = pain.
- 10/11/2010 10:35 am
- email@example.com said...
"Hit me," says the masochist.
"No," says the Sadist.
- 10/11/2010 10:35 am
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
You're in good company, I think.
Old "smarter Sarter" once said, "Hell is other people."
So did the late genius (and CIA man) Jerzy Kosinski, author of The Painted Bird.
...But I think Kosinski took his criticism by others too seriously.
It ended up as self-criticism, so he offed himself with a Winn-Dixie plastic bag over his head!
Man, that's extreme self-criticism.
- 10/11/2010 10:41 am
- email@example.com said...
PS to Mona,
Like a dedicated garbologist and former prof, I picked up this item from The Insider, but I must cite my sources, like a good Doc:
Alexis: I know where you can buy a picture of Marlon Brando giving oral sex to a guy in the back of this restaurant.
A: Show me and I'll buy it.
M: Colonel Walter E. Kurtz is giving head?!
The picture is said to be Marlon Brando giving oral sex to Wally Cox his lifetime friend and partner who was know for his ….big talent. Part of Brando's private collection the photo was burried for years during his marriage and fathering of many children. Even though he allegedly continued to play on the side with Cary Grant, Rock Hudson, Stewart Granger, Montgomery Clift, John Gielgud and James Dean.
A: Ladies and Gentleman LA Rag Mag gives you the infamous, the shocking, the gloriously eye opening…..
Yes, it's shocking I know. Take a deep breath and relax, he always said he was a bisexual it's just the photo that takes you there. But behind the shock is the love story of Marlon and Wally Cox that many people don't remember. A lifetime companship, that at times was a love affair, with a classic Hollywood ending.
'If Wally had been a woman, I would have married him and we would have lived happily ever after.'
- 10/11/2010 11:01 am
- Mona said...
Walking Man, my punches are flying high and low everywhere these days.
you know about it...
Ivan, Prof emeritus , I guess you are right there. What could writers be, but Ecce Homos!
There is a man in every woman and vice versa. Writers are the only ones who are courageous enough to let them seep through their surface.
And Drama is something I relish. All do I guess, otherwise it wouldn't stand first among all the written muddle. Life would be very boring without Drama. Anything would do, with the name drama attached to it...even absurd and cruelty and nihilism and nothingness and meaninglessness...
One wouldn't think like, " there is no purpose in my life any longer, so I must cease to exist" . One would rather say " because I exist, there must be some purpose( read drama) in my life"!
'Live happily ever after'!
Eternity is not something that I would wish for!
- 10/11/2010 1:15 pm
- Mona said...
Charles Gramlich, As Sartre already said, " Hell is the other people".
Still, one has to take responsibility of one's freedom when granted. Sadly, people fear their own freedom and choice. So they prefer to remain in pain , or in other words ' with people'.
- 10/11/2010 1:19 pm
Sigmund always said if ya ain't horizontal,y'all ain't havin' fun...y'all can't really be anybody unless y'all havin' fun...moral = y'all have a drink and be somebody,and y'all be sure to get horizontal...riders brought the storm...
- 10/11/2010 2:48 pm
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
Hi Tony, master lead guitar player.
Yep. We writers have been trained to think horizontally.
Still, my mind is workin' like a toad.
- 10/11/2010 6:13 pm
- ivan said...
With reference to your note to Charles, I think some playwright
has develope this thought a bit.
I can't find the play anywhere because someone had just talked to me about the production.
But I recall that the play was called "Beating the Schmertz" or something.
The German (Yiddish?) term for pain of life is weltsmertz.
Seems the characters in the skit my friend related to me-- would at times stop all conversation, or whatever they were doing at the moment, pick up a broom and "beat the scmertz, beat the schmerz."
They would beat him horribly, mercilessly. You could hear the schmertz groan...then they would go back to whatever they had been doing.
Yes. We go back to people. And every so often we stop what we were doing to Beat the Schmertz.
- 10/11/2010 6:26 pm
- Donnetta Lee said...
You be so cute. D
- 10/11/2010 6:32 pm
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
I spelled Weltzchmerz wrong.
Typo! Typo!
Teachers don't offer excuses, they offer explanations. :)
- 10/11/2010 6:34 pm
- email@example.com said...
- 10/11/2010 6:37 pm
- Mona said...
yea. Beat the pain...until it beats you ...[ pun intended]
- 10/12/2010 6:38 am
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
Beat the zchmerz, beat the zchmerz, I say!
- 10/12/2010 11:18 am
- firstname.lastname@example.com said...
PS to Mona,
Durn, I have lost a file.
I have sent you an email once again requesting your brother's address here in the Richmond Hill-Torono area.
Can you please resend?
I certainly owe you a free copy of my "The Fire in Bradford" since your exellent review of the book therein....I have added your photo on the back cover where quotes of your review are included.
You are a doll, as the photo taken from your avatar, visusally attests!
- 10/12/2010 11:30 am
- eric1313 said...
Just don't let an unhappy childhood become an excuse. We all have more than enough excuses without pulling pain from the dawn of time into the present every time we hit a stumbling block.
At least in my case, I have to let it go. Can't blame all that any more, because the screwed situations I'm in now are all my own doing, I need to deal with them myself. Or not deal with them... regardless, childhood needs to be fodder for writing (after clever disguise and make over), and nothing more.
- 10/13/2010 4:26 am
- email@example.com said...
"Besides that, Mrs. Lincoln, how did you like the play?"
- 10/13/2010 8:30 am


text:
NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Cumulus Media Inc. CMLS, -5.41% said Wednesday its second-quarter profit totaled $2.54 million, or 6 cents per share, from $6.74 million, or 11 cents per share, in the same quarter a year before. Revenue was almost unchanged at $87.3 million.
Cumulus Media 2Q revenue flat at $87.3M
Quote References
-0.02 -5.41%


text:
Wandering Eyebubble Photographer
Mercy MiguelModel Female Toronto, Ontario, Canada
My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/claudiamiguel
Mayhem # 1815676
About Me• Attractive and well groomed personality, slim and fit physique, photogenic face and black shiny hair.
• Natural acting skills with ability to express different moods and sentiments and conversant with different movements, postures and application of different types of make up
• Professional in maintaining a fresh look for hours at a stretch during shooting under studio lights or desert sun in the dunes and in all kinds of weather.
• Excellent experience in hostessing, modelling, promotions etc..
• Cheer leading, flash mob dancer, ballroom dance, disco and salsa with the ability, readiness and physical fitness to learn new ones under expert guidance at short notice.
Have you worked with Mercy Miguel? Add Credits for Mercy Miguel! >>
Credit NotesPhoto Arts Studio (Philippines)
Macod Photography http://www.modelmayhem.com/1188527
MMS Photography http://www.modelmayhem.com/821346
Paul Aiken Photography http://www.modelmayhem.com/1849729
Andreas Wolf http://www.modelmayhem.com/1401701
Muzna Butt Photography http://www.modelmayhem.com/1848513
Amber Khan MUA http://www.modelmayhem.com/1724517
Trend Photo http://www.modelmayhem.com/1632944
Bar A Photography http://www.modelmayhem.com/2462258
Angelo Cavalli http://angelocavalli.com/
Wandering Eyebubble Photographer
acestudioz Photographer
MakeupbyHeba Makeup Artist
Rain Baxter Hair Stylist
john london jr Model
TioPhotogr... Photographer
Loading Content


text:
So, summer is here and for me that means finding a good book or two to take to the beach. Since only read 5 or 6 books per year ( I know, I know), I set the bar pretty high for the vacation books. I'm always looking for books with ideas that…
Filed Under
under Scout


text:
Looking for cider recipes? Find lots of recipes for cider including apple cider, pear cider, and more recipes for cider.
Recipe Spotlight
This wassail recipe came from a dear friend in Fort Wayne, Indiana, where we lived for many years. Since it's warm, wonderful and non-alcoholic, we've even served it at church. It's also perfect for a holiday open house. —Maryellen Hays, Wolcottville, IndianaGet Recipe


text:
The delightful irony here is that [Durbin's] conservative Republican critics – oh, you should have heard them wetting their pants last night on WLS-AM! – are overplaying their hand by caterwauling for Durbin's resignation and bleating that his analogies – and not our apparent brutal violations of the Geneva Convention – are doing the greatest harm to our reputation in the Arab world. [Italics added, as always]
Now that's real Democrat nonsense!


text:
- This event has passed.
Leo Bensemann & Friends: Portraiture and The Group
April 12 - May 28
Event Navigation
Leo Bensemann, Caroline Oliver (1940), oil on board. Private Collection.
Master Bedroom, Little Gallery & Boardroom
Curated by Peter Simpson for the New Zealand Portrait Gallery in Wellington, the Wallace Arts Trust is hosting an intriguing exhibition showcasing the portrait paintings by The Group, a collective of outstanding 20th century New Zealand artists.
Portraits by and of Leo Bensemann are foremost among 50 outstanding examples created by the Christchurch-based artists known as The Group, in the middle decades of last century. Drawn from private and public collections, names such as Evelyn Page, Olivia Spencer Bower, Rita Angus, Toss Woollaston, Doris Lusk and Colin McCahon come to life as both subjects and artists.
Collectively, says curator Peter Simpson, they re-invented the art of portraiture for their time and place, and provided images of their contemporaries which are vividly alive and still speak eloquently to us living in another century.
Bensemann is at the heart of this exhibition because of all these painters, who knew each other well and belonged to the same social networks, he favored portraiture above all else. He is given priority, Simpson says, not because he is "better" than his friends and fellow Group members but because he is currently the least well-known of these, the leading visual artists of their generation, and is worthy of equal recognition as a portrait artist.
Peter Simpson is the author of "Bloomsbury South: The Arts in Christchurch 1933–1953", telling of the remarkable two decades in Christchurch where the works of a group of extraordinary men and women, artists and writers, redefined the New Zealand's mid-century cultural life.
Thank you to the New Zealand Portrait Gallery Te Pukenga Whakaata for making this exhibition possible.


text:
Fantastic one bedroom, one bathroom apartment in Bay Village. This large unit features a well laid out design, hardwood floors and more! Heat and hot water are included in the rent.
Boston is a city drenched in culture, sports and, of course, history. Every street has a story. There's not a chance of being bored. The greater metropolitan area has an established economy with national and international cache.Read more about luxury homes in Boston


text:
Kristen Wiig, who doesn't seem to be too keen on a "Bridesmaids" sequel at Universal, may have found her next project elsewhere.
The "Saturday Night Live" actress is in talks to join Ben Stiller in 20th Century Fox's remake of the 1947 comedy "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty," which Stiller is also set to direct, according to The Hollywood Reporter.
"Mitty" centers on a photographer who supplements his humdrum life with exciting daydreams full of adventure, romance and intrigue. One day, his dreams come true as he stumbles into a real-life adventure involving a photo he took.
The film will likely start shooting in April.
Wiig, who will soon be seen opposite Jon Hamm in "Friends With Kids," shot two indie comedies this past summer, "Imogene" and "Revenge of the Jolly!" She's also circling the Errol Morris-directed "Freezing People is Easy," co-starring Paul Rudd.
Stiller was recently seen alongside Eddie Murphy in "Tower Heist." His director credits include "The Cable Guy," "Zoolander" and "Tropic Thunder."


text:
urban logo t-shirt
Turn up the heat with the adidas Men's Urban Logo T-Shirt. The all-cotton jersey t-shirt comes with a slight drop shoulders and a large distressed adidas logo on the front for all your key street style looks.
- Crewneck design
- Slight drop shoulders
- Large distressed adidas brandmark on the front
- Regular fit
- Material composition: 100% Cotton single jersey
Please note, refunds on Cash On Delivery purchases are not accepted; orders can only be exchanged for another item. Should you wish to return or exchange your item, you must contact email@example.com within 7 days of receiving your order. For more information on how to return your order, please visit our Returns Policy page. For details on delivery, head to our Shipping Policy page.
If you need any assistance please use our chat.


text:
You have no items in your shopping cart.
Rheem AE-70584-01 - Bracket - Condenser Support
Rheem AE-70584-01 - Bracket - Condenser Support
HVAC.com takes pride in offering only brand new genuine Rheem parts & supplies.
If you have any questions regarding this product please feel free to email [email protected] or call 1-855-932-4822 and one of our friendly Customer Experience Representatives will be more than happy to help.


text:
Find this week's Earth Minute at minute 34:40 In response to the Trump election and the rise of racist attacks, how will the movement for change respond? Will movements come together across their divides? Will they merge lanes… Read More
This week's Earth Watch guest on the Sojourner Truth radio show is Orin Langelle, co-founder of Global Justice Ecology Project. Langelle is a photojournalist and the Director of the Buen Vivir Gallery for Contemporary Art in Buffalo, NY. His current exhibit, timed… Read More
KPFK-FM's Sojourner Truth Radio show's Earth Minute segment on it's Nov. 1 broadcast focused on the impacts of deforestation on Indigenous People in the Amazon. The segment begins at about the 37:18 mark of the clip above. A transcript… Read More
Global Justice Ecology Project helped facilitate live interviews between host Margaret Prescod and Indigenous Environmental Network representatives live on the Sojourner Truth radio show on KPFK-FM radio from the Dakota Access Pipeline protests in North Dakota on Oct. 28. Prescott… Read More
KPFK-FM's Sojourner Truth Radio show aired an Earth Watch segment on it's Sept. 14 broadcast focused on the coup of former Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff. The segment begins at about the 30:25 mark of the clip below. A transcript… Read More
The following live interview occurred Wednesday 10 August with host Stefan Christoff of Free City Radio on CKUT 90.3FM for an in-studio discussion with visiting researchers / artists / activists from the Global Justice Ecology Project (here for… Read More
This week's Sojourner Truth Radio Earth Watch guest is Njoki Njoroge Njehu of Kenya, who spoke live from the World Social Forum in Montreal. The Earth Watch segment begins at about the 16:09 point on the second track… Read More
In this week's edition of Earth Minute on the Sojourner Truth Radio Show, GJEP Executive Director Anne Petermann discussed Ildefonso Zamora, a leader of the "guardian of the forests" movement in Mexico. Organizations are demanding the immediate… Read More
Last week's Earth Watch guest was Dan Bacher, managing editor at FishSniffer.com. Bacher recently published an article about the Hoopa Valley Tribe from Northern California, which filed its objection to two bills proposed in the House of Representatives to… Read More
In this week's edition of Earth Minute on the Sojourner Truth Radio Show, GJEP Executive Director Anne Petermann discussed a recent article in Nature discussing the benefits of traditional plant breeding over genetic engineering in generating heartier, more resilient crops. The Earth… Read More


text:
Installed New Hard Drive In Compaq 2510q
Sorry, you've been outbid. Cargando... itopiabg 3.203 visualizaciones 1:34 HP Compaq nx6110 partial disassembly - Duración: 3:44. Or... ...if installing a hard disk drive, ensure the screw holes on the hard disk drive bay align with the screw holes in the computer marked HDD. navigate here
Turn on the computer and press the F10 key repeatedly at the first screen to enter the BIOS Setup Utility. Inicia sesión para que tengamos en cuenta tu opinión. Get a PayPal account here . Step 6 Depending on the hard drive type, connect serial ATA or parallel ATA power and data cables to the drive and to the motherboard.
How To Remove Hard Drive From Compaq Presario Desktop
Inicia sesión para que tengamos en cuenta tu opinión. Sorry, the auction has ended and you were outbid. See the seller's listing for full details.
Your bid is greater than or equal to the Buy It Now price. Z7_3054ICK0KGTE30AQO5O3KA30H5 hp-country-locator-portlet Actions ${title} Loading... Good news, you're the high bidder. Hp 2510p Ssd Upgrade Privacy Policy © Copyright 2017 HP Development Company, L.P.
HP strongly recommends the use of an anti-static wrist strap and a conductive foam pad when working on the computer. Compaq 2510p Ssd Hard Drive Be patient while setup completes. This amount is subject to change until you make payment. http://support.hp.com/hk-en/document/c01950054 mlvideos1571 1.481 visualizaciones 11:07 HP Compaq Nc2400 - Duración: 4:41.
HotHardware 235.933 visualizaciones 9:13 IMG 2541 - Duración: 4:28. How To Remove Hard Drive From Compaq Presario Laptop caution: This product contains components that can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). The auction has ended and you're the winner. Figure : Motherboard with IDE and SATA data connectors IDE connectors SATA data connectors Figure : Example of SATA connections Power cable SATA data cable Figure : Example of an IDE
Compaq 2510p Ssd Hard Drive
Order: 1 piece 8pctgRBMALNQ05PYunnBRg==;8pctgRBMALOPXnOtnV+z661KvGr3v5hV;8pctgRBMALOPXnOtnV+z661KvGr3v5hV Page 1 of 1 Previous 1 Next AliExpress Mobile App Search Anywhere,Anytime!
Iniciar sesión 3 Cargando... How To Remove Hard Drive From Compaq Presario Desktop To recover the computer after the hard drive has been replaced, you need a recovery disc set. Compaq 2510p Hard Drive Replacement Step 3 Push the drive into the bay all the way through the front of the computer.
dorivercom 12.266 visualizaciones 4:12 HP Compaq NC 2400 - Duración: 2:23. http://enterprisesoftwaresummit.com/hard-drive/installed-a-new-hard-drive.html Go to the next set section to install a hard disk drive into the empty bay. newmodeUS 1.694 visualizaciones 2:53 HP Compaq 2510p от ITopia - Duración: 1:34. If you reside in an EU member state besides UK, import VAT on this purchase is not recoverable. Hp Compaq 2510p Hard Drive Type
Publicado el 1 feb. 2013A quick video showing the 1.8" harddrive in an HP NC2400. Step 2 Slide the drive into the cage... ...until it is all the way in. This can be found under the bid entry box. his comment is here Thread Status: Not open for further replies.
Read moreabout the condition Form Factor: 1.8" Interface: ZIF/CE/PATA Storage Capacity: 120 GB Rotation Speed: 4200 RPM Model: MK1214GAH Cache: 8 MB Brand: Toshiba MPN: MK1214GAH UPC: Does not apply Questions Compaq Presario Hard Drive Replacement Your country's customs office can offer more details, or visit eBay's page on international trade. Thanks, SJOHN8, Jun 3, 2014 #3 flavallee Frank Trusted Advisor Joined: May 12, 2002 Messages: 72,229 What's the serial number on that HP Compaq 2510p Notebook PC?
This is the same drive as the ones in ipods or the macbook air.
Removing or replacing a drive from the drive cage Use the steps in this section to remove a hard drive so that an empty bay can be used to install a Step 1 Determine if you are installing a new parallel ATA hard drive. Switch to another language: Catalan | Basque | Galician | View all Cerrar Sí, quiero conservarla. Hp Compaq 2510p Specs Step 3 Push down and hold the latch on the side of the cage.
Or if you want to use a CF card as a SSD, you can use this adapter- http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank... Cargando... Se podrá valorar cuando se haya alquilado el vídeo. weblink Step 2: Installing the original files from the recovery disc Perform the following steps to restore the original files to the new hard drive.
Laptop Parts: Buy Laptop Parts Parts Request Resources: Repair Videos FAQ Search About Us: Contact Us Testimonials Terms of Use Copyright © 2017 Laptopinventory.com - All Rights Reserved. Abraham Levit 902.838 visualizaciones 16:29 Add 2nd Hard Drive to HP Compaq nc2400 Laptop - Duración: 2:21. All Rights Reserved. Learn moreabout 1-click bid - opens in a new window or tab day hour min sec days hours mins secs (approximately ##1##) Winning bid: Starting bid: Close Congrats!
Please try the request again. Siguiente hp2510Pの1.8インチHDDをmSATA/SDDに換装 - Duración: 3:29. How-FixIT 21.098 visualizaciones 15:09 Hp Compaq NC2400 Minilaptop Qe - Duración: 11:07. This makes the laptop a dual hard drive laptop.http://newmodeus.com/shop/index.php?m...
This amount is subject to change until you make payment. See your browser's documentation for specific instructions. {} Z7_3054ICK0KGTE30AQO5O3KA30U5 hp-support-head-portlet Actions ${title} Loading...


text:
This site uses cookies to offer you an enhanced browsing experience. Find out more about how we use cookies and how you can change your settings. I accept Cookies | I want to learn more.
BRAND: Logix
The Flowserve Logix® 3400MD Digital FOUNDATION® Fieldbus positioner utilizes state-of-the-art piezo technology to provide superior performance and reliability. The Logix® 3400MD can be easily configured using the local buttons or the ValveSight DTM. Logix® 3400MD has a complete diagnostics package that can alert the user to developing conditions that may cause unnecessary upset conditions in the plant.
Our global expertise and local service centers ensure that you stay up and running. Learn more about our services.


text:
Dwight Yoo, '00: Newly Elected President of the Asian American Bar Association of New York
These are profiles of newly elected bar presidents. Groups that allow two-year terms are profiled every other year.
Asian American Bar Association of New York
Dwight Yoo, 43, is a partner in the corporate finance and financial institutions departments of Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom. He obtained his J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School and began practicing in 2000.
His term began on April 1.
Continue reading: http://www.newyorklawjournal.com/id=1202792165119/Meet-the-Presidents-o…
Read more at the original publication


text:
April 20, 2015
» Literature
The universally resounding story of Anne Frank and her
family has been told in virtually every genre over seven decades, but never
with such a narrator as this:
"I did not like the sound of black boots marching on the
cobblestone sidewalks, the sirens, or the shouting in the streets. Why wouldn't
people who liked different kinds of trees and flowers also like many different
kinds of people? It made no sense to me. But I was just a tree."
Sandy Eisenberg Sasso's 14th
book for children, Anne Frank and the
Remembering Tree, takes the point of view of the horse chestnut tree that
stood outside the doomed Dutch teenager's Secret Annex not as a fantasy gimmick
but as a historical imperative.
"It is a story that asks: How do we remember?" the Indianapolis author, teacher,
lecturer and recently retired rabbi says, "We remember through symbols, through
images. The tree evokes the story of Anne. And it died. But it is still alive.
She died. But her story lives."
Five years gone, the tree does live on, through saplings cut
and replanted in places around the world that have been designated as memorials
to peace and justice struggles. Among them are 11 venues in the United States,
including the Capitol in Washington, the Holocaust Memorial Center in
Farmington Hills, Michigan, and Central High School
in Little Rock, Arkansas, site of a seminal racial desegregation battle.
The first American recipient: The Children's Museum of
Indianapolis, which has honored Anne Frank, Indiana AIDS sufferer Ryan White
and African-American Louisiana school pupil Ruby Bridges since 2007 with an
aptly-named exhibit, The Power of
Children: Making a Difference.The museum went on to create its Anne Frank Peace Park
in 2009, with funding from Indianapolis
philanthropists Gerald and Dorit Paul, both Jewish
refugees from Nazi Germany.
Fittingly, the museum was asked by the Anne Frank Center USA
to husband several of the saplings brought to this country. Dow AgroSciences provided the nursery during their months of
quarantine; and two years ago this month, Indy's tiny
offspring was ceremoniously planted in the peace garden immediately south of
the museum building. It's now about as tall as Anne would have been when she
wrote the diary entry about its ancestor, lines captured in a stone sculpture
of the book nearby:
"Peter and I gazed out at the blue sky, the bare chestnut
tree glistening with dew, the seagulls and other birds glinting with silver as
they swooped through the air ... 'As long as this exists,' I thought, 'tis
sunshine and this cloudless sky, and as long as I can enjoy it, how can I be
A mother, a grandmother, a teacher to countless children
during her 36 years at Congregation Beth-el Zedeck, Sasso reads this defiant paean to hope and finds
affirmation of a couple of lessons she's learned: The perceptiveness of the
young should never be underestimated, and "their" literature is everyone's.
"I've realized how important a responsibility this is. If you
can explain the big issues -- faith, belief, God -- to children, then you
really have a grasp of it. If you are resorting to abstract terms, to jargon,
then you really don't."
The same goes for ye who would give pat answers to haunting
questions. As Sasso told an inquiring child on at
least one occasion, "The answer is inside you."
The horse chestnut tree made for an
inspiring vehicle to carry that message, Sasso says,
not only because children are open to its anthropomorphic possibilities
but also because its knowledge is limited. It doesn't know why the bad men
come. It doesn't know why Anne and her siblings don't return after they are
taken away. That leaves the young readers, and those who are read to, with
"space," as Sasso puts it, to ponder and interpret.
"One child said to me, 'Well, why
wouldn't they like different kinds of trees and flowers and people?' That was
so very powerful. It reminded me why I wrote the story."
Sasso is an award-winning author
for adults as well as children. The latter genre got her started about three
decades ago when she was studying for her doctorate in ministry. She was drawn
into children's spirituality as her specialty and was struck by the dearth of
good religious books for kids. Her first effort to take matters into her own
hands, God's Paintbrush, debuted in
1992 and remains her best seller.
Anne Frank and the
Remembering Tree, with its purposefully realistic scenes by illustrator
Erika Streiskal, is Sasso's
deepest and most challenging foray into the darkness of anti-Semitism, which
cannot be separated from her spiritual and aesthetic life and mission.
"She was a Jewish girl. She was persecuted because she was
Jewish. But her story resonates in a universal way -- that
you would kill people because they are different."
Sasso has visited the Secret Annex
in Amsterdam.
She has read the letter Otto Frank wrote to the U.S. government, asking in vain for
admission for his family. Yet she strives in her book -- meant for ages 6 and
above -- to present an alternative to cynicism amid the boots and guns that
shadow that family's valiant domesticity.
"I didn't deal with the politics," she says. "In writing for
children, I wanted to convey bravery, empathy and hope more than anything else."
And they've handled it, with all the else. Feedback from
kids has demonstrated to her -- again -- that they're idealists who don't
shrink from grave realities. Jeffrey Patchen, president
of The Children's Museum and a close collaborator on the book project, likens
it to the far-more-graphic Power of
Children exhibit as a platform for parents to both teach and be taught.
"We've had no issues with parents concerned about these topics," he says. "The
Kleenex is out -- but it's for the adults."
Sasso is involved with developing
an upcoming exhibit at the museum called National Geographic Sacred Journeys, which will take another grown-up look at a weighty subject.
Meanwhile, she's busy as a speaker, as director of a Butler University course
she created on art and scripture, and sundry other activities befitting a
history-maker -- America's first female Reconstructionist rabbi, and with
husband Dennis a member of its first rabbinical wedded team.
Always, the stories.
"When I retired after 36 years I wanted to devote more time
to books and to children's spirituality -- and how religion connects to art. I
feel really spiritual when I'm really deep into my writing."
Tags: Literature, Anne Frank, Sandy Eisenberg Sasso, Anne Frank and the Remembering Tree, Anne Frank Tree, Children's Book, Children's Museum of Indianapolis, Ryan White, Ruby Bridges, Anne Frank Peace Park, The Power of Children: Making a Difference, Dorit Paul, Gerald Paul, Congregation Beth-el Zedeck, God's Paintbrush, Erika Streiskal, Otto Frank, Jeffrey Patchen, Sacred Spaces
More Literature »
Dan Carpenter is a man of his words: a former columnist for The Indianapolis Star, author of Hard Pieces and Indiana Out Loud
and writer of short stories and poetry, including a published collection of poems entitled More Than I Could See. He also blogs for InForefront and writes columns for The StatehouseFile.com. Father of two, Carpenter and his wife, Mary, live in Butler-Tarkington.


text:
Can the reiteration of a 10-year-old policy change India's fortunes at the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) meeting in Vienna?
Maybe it can. It also demonstrates the farcical depths to which proceedings at NSG have sunk.
On Friday, external affairs minister Pranab Mukherjee said India remained committed to a voluntary, unilateral moratorium on nuclear testing. Reports from Vienna said the statement was praised at NSG and may have gone some way in assuaging countries opposed to a waiver on nuclear commerce with India.
Indian attempts to seek a waiver at NSG comes after it signed a civilian nuclear deal with the US and agreed to inspections of its civil nuclear reactors by the International Atomic Energy Agency. These steps entail serious controls to ensure that India won't be able to divert nuclear materials for military purposes. This seems to be insufficient to convince these countries of Indian intentions. Things may or may not swing India's way, but these events demonstrate that these countries want India to sign the nuclear non-proliferation treaty irrespective of the country's impeccable nuclear record.