text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 15, 2009
|Filing date
|Oct 5, 2006
|Priority date
|Oct 3, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jari Perunka, Kimmo Koskiniemi
|Original Assignee
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (47), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (46), Classifications (21), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority to Finland Patent Application Serial No. 20055527, filed on Oct. 10, 2005, entitled "Multi-band Antenna System", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to the field of radio frequency antennas, and in one exemplary aspect to a multi-band antenna apparatus having radiating elements for different resonance frequencies.
2. Description of Related Technology
Wireless communication devices and systems have been allocated multiple frequency ranges. For instance, wireless communication devices, e.g., handsets may communicate using frequency domains such as Bluetooth, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) 850, 900, 1800, and 1900, WCDMA, CDMA2000, WiMAX, and IEEE Std. 802.11 a/b/g/n. However, several issues may exist for antennas included within, for example, handsets that communicate in multiple frequency ranges.
Some of these issues relate to establishing acceptable tradeoffs between antenna size, efficiency, reliability, and cost. Because wireless communication devices are generally shrinking in size and the quantity of electronic device features is generally increasing, a very limited volume exists for antenna deployment. Thus, a smaller volume/footprint antenna would be ideal. However, antenna size, footprint, and cross-sectional area must be considered and to some degree "traded-off" against antenna performance considerations.
For instance, conventional Planar Inverted F-Antennas (PIFAs) designed to fit in a very small area, such as those attached to a rear portion of a computer screen display, have only sufficient bandwidth to cover a limited frequency range, such as 4.9 GHz to 5.85 GHz, but not also a frequency range centered at about half this value, e.g., 2.5 GHz. Furthermore, even if a conventional PIFA is modified by splitting its radiating plane into two separate frequency bands, this antenna will typically display poor antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and radiating efficiency. Consequently, current PIFA topologies do not adequately address multiple antenna frequency concerns, e.g., simultaneously covering frequency bands of 850 MHz and 1800 MHz, and respective sideband frequencies of 900 MHz and 1900 MHz.
In contrast to PIF-antennas, conventional multi-band antenna systems generally occupy a comparatively larger area or volume. This large required area results from the multi-band antenna having both multiple arrays of radiating elements and adjoining corporate feed structures each tuned to a distinct frequency along a desired multi-band frequency band or spectrum. Conventional corporate feed structures are exemplified in the paper "A Novel Approach of a Planar Multi-Band Hybrid Series Feed Network for Use in Antenna Systems Operating at Millimeter wave Frequencies" by M. W. Elsallal, et al, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In this paper, a planar multi-band hybrid series feed network is disclosed.
More specifically, the planar multi-band hybrid series feed network uses numerous series coupled lines to create a high complexity resonance structure. The series coupled lines contain multiple sub-tap lines. Multiple sub-taps lines are provided for each frequency band of interest. Band pass filters tune the resonance response of the multiple sub-tap lines to the desired frequency band. Outputs of the tuned sub-tap lines are combined after a filtering stage to achieve a multi-band frequency antenna spectrum. However, one drawback of this approach is that as more frequency operating bands are created, the circuit occupies a wider surface area, because each additional operating frequency band requires another band pass filter including sub-taps lines. Consequently, compact device packaging of the planar multi-band hybrid antenna into a small area can be very troublesome.
Furthermore, traditional feed structures, disclosed in the above paper, do not address and/or provide an adequate solution to decrease overall surface area for inclusion of this type of multi-band antenna into a wireless device package. The wireless device package may include e.g., a case for laptop computer, or housing for a conventional cellular phone or wireless personal digital assistant (PDA) device. In addition, even if area is not an issue, there are still an inherent limit on efficiency and bandwidth of large sized antennas. Such limits include inter alia undesired frequency moding and unpredictable floating ground issues, e.g., create poor antenna performance, such as increasing antenna Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR).
Other generally representative multi-band antenna systems include those described in United States Patent Application Publication No. US 2005/0024268 to McKinzie III et al. entitled "Multi-band Antenna with Parasitically-Coupled Resonators" published Feb. 3, 2005. In this publication, a multi-band antenna is formed using a parasitic coupled resonator, e.g., attached to a ground plane, that does not touch the antenna's feed structure. As shown in the publication, this topology has inherent performance issues because of the addition of the (parasitic) coupled resonator may also decrease the bandwidth of the original resonator.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,606,016 to Takamine et al. entitled "Surface Acoustic Wave Device Using Two Parallel Connected Filters with Different Passbands" published on Aug. 12, 2003 discloses a hardware intensive multi-band system that requires two different passband filters.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,862,441 to Ella entitled "Transmitter Filter Arrangement for Multi-band Mobile Phone" issued on Mar. 1, 2005 discloses using two different passband amplifiers and a band-reject filter to achieve a limited frequency bandwidth dual-mode 1800-1900 performance, e.g., less than 100 MHz bandwidth.
United States Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0021607 to Legay entitled "Multisource Antenna, in Particular for Systems with a Reflector" published on Feb. 5, 2004 discloses a complex hardware architecture having at least two interleaved radiating apertures and at least two excitation sources to achieve a multi-band antenna.
Thus, improved apparatus and methods are needed for communicating a multi-band signal that have advantages over the complex feed networks and radiating structures described above. Ideally, the improved apparatus and methods would have, inter alia, (i) minimal complexity, i.e., a minimal number of components, radiating elements and interconnections; (ii) occupy a comparatively small volume and/or area; and (iii) exhibit good radiating efficiency and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) performance over the frequency operating band(s) of interest for its size.
The present invention satisfies the foregoing needs by providing, inter alia, an improved multi-band antenna structure and associated methods of operation and manufacturing.
In one aspect of the invention, a multi-band antenna is disclosed. In one embodiment, the multi-band antenna comprises a common junction RF network, which comprises a first and a second radiator. The first radiator resonates in a first frequency band, and the second radiator in a second frequency band. In one variant, the first frequency band and the second frequency band are different frequency bands from one another. In another variant, the frequency bands may overlap one another to some degree. Furthermore, the exemplary embodiment may include a first electrical component coupled to the common junction network, which is located proximate to the first radiator. The first electrical component creates a resonance with the common junction network to create a third frequency band generally proximate to the first frequency band. Furthermore, the first radiator is capable of communicating RF energy in the first frequency band and the third frequency band.
In a second aspect of the invention, an antenna system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the antenna system includes at least two radiators that resonate at different frequency bands, and a resonant network. The resonant network couples between the at least two radiators. In addition, the resonant network provides an adjacent frequency band to at least one of the different frequency bands for at least one of the at least two radiators.
In a third aspect of the invention, a method is disclosed for increasing an effective bandwidth of a multi-band antenna. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing at least two radiators that resonate at different frequency bands. An RF feed is connected to the at least two radiators, forming a common junction network. A first electrical component is connected along the RF feed proximal to a first radiator of the at least two radiators, adding an adjacent frequency band to a first frequency band of the first radiator.
In a fourth aspect of the invention, a method of operating a multi-band antenna is provided. In one embodiment, the method comprises: providing a multi-band antenna structure comprising a first and a second radiator and a first electrical component coupled to the common junction network, which is located proximate to the first radiator; operating the first radiator so as to resonate in a first frequency band; operating the second radiator so as to resonate in a second frequency band; and creating a resonance with the common junction network using said first component to create a third frequency band generally proximate to the first frequency band.
In a fifth aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing a multi-band antenna structure is disclosed.
In a sixth aspect of the invention, a wireless device comprising a multi-band antenna is disclosed. In one embodiment, the wireless device comprises a mobile handheld device such as a cellular telephone or PDA.
In a seventh aspect of the invention, a wireless system comprising-two or more a multi-band antennas communicating with one another is disclosed.
In an eighth aspect of the invention, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag utilizing a multi-band antenna is disclosed. In one embodiment, the tag comprises a flexible substrate, passive RFID tag compliant with the EPC GEN2 standard. The tag comprises a processor (e.g., microprocessor), associated memory, and passive energization circuitry, and is adapted to receive and/or backscatter RF energy at two or more frequencies.
In a ninth aspect of the invention, a multi-band-enabled modular jack or connector is disclosed. In one embodiment, the jack comprises an RJ45 jack with integral radio suite, and integral multi-band antenna formed at least in part of the jack's external noise shield.
These and other embodiments, aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following description of the invention and referenced drawings or by practice of the invention.
Reference is now made to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to like parts throughout.
As used herein, the terms "board" and "substrate" refer generally and without limitation to any substantially planar or curved surface or component upon which other components can be disposed. For example, a substrate may comprise a single or multi-layered printed circuit board (e.g., FR4), a semi-conductive die or wafer, or even a surface of a housing or other device component.
As used herein, the terms "radiator," "radiating plane," and "radiating element" refer without limitation to an element that can function as part of a system that receives/transmits radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation; e.g., an antenna.
The terms "feed," "RF feed," "feed conductor," and "feed network" refer to without limitation to any energy conductor and coupling element(s) that can transfer energy, transform impedance, enhance performance characteristics, and conform impedance properties between an incoming/outgoing RF energy signals to that of one or more connective elements, such as for example a radiator.
Furthermore, the terms "antenna," "antenna system," and "multi-band antenna" refer without limitation to any system that incorporates a single element, multiple elements, or one or more arrays of elements that receive/transmit and/or propagate one or more frequency bands of electromagnetic radiation. The radiation may be of numerous types, e.g., microwave, millimeter wave, radio frequency, digital modulated, analog, analog/digital encoded, digitally encoded millimeter wave energy, or the like. The energy may be transmitted from location to another location, using, or more repeater links, and one or more locations may be mobile, stationary, or fixed to a location on earth such as a base station.
The terms "communication systems" and communication devices" refer to without limitation any services, methods, or devices that utilize wireless technology to communicate information, data, media, codes, encoded data, or the like from one location to another location.
The terms "frequency range", "frequency band", and "frequency domain" refer to without limitation any frequency range for communicating signals. Such signals may be communicated pursuant to one or more standards or air interfaces such as e.g., Bluetooth; WiFi; Stream; Edge; Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) 850, 900, 1800, and 1900; UMTS, WCDMA, CDMA2000, or IEEE Std. 802.11a/b/g/n, or the like.
As used herein, the terms "electrical component" and "electronic component" are used interchangeably and refer to components adapted to provide some electrical function, including without limitation inductive reactors ("choke coils"), transformers, filters, gapped core toroids, inductors, capacitors, resistors, operational amplifiers, and diodes, whether discrete components or integrated circuits, whether alone or in combination.
As used herein, the term "integrated circuit (IC)" refers to any type of device having any level of integration (including without limitation ULSI, VLSI, and LSI) and irrespective of process or base materials (including, without limitation Si, SiGe, CMOS and GaAs). ICs may include, for example, memory devices (e.g., DRAM, SRAM, DDRAM, EEPROM/Flash, ROM), digital processors, SoC devices, FPGAs, ASICs, ADCs, DACs, transceivers, memory controllers, and other devices, as well as any combinations thereof.
As used herein, the term "memory" includes any type of integrated circuit or other storage device adapted for storing digital data including, without limitation, ROM. PROM, EEPROM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR/2 SDRAM, EDO/FPMS, RLDRAM, SRAM, "flash" memory (e.g., NAND/NOR), and PSRAM.
As used herein, the terms "microprocessor" and "digital processor" are meant generally to include all types of digital processing devices including, without limitation, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computers (RISC), general-purpose (CISC) processors, microprocessors, gate arrays (e.g., FPGAs), PLDs, reconfigurable compute fabrics (RCFs), array processors, and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Such digital processors may be contained on a single unitary IC die, or distributed across multiple components.
As used herein, the terms "network" and "bearer network" refer generally to any type of telecommunications or data network including, without limitation, wireless networks (e.g., cellular or other), hybrid fiber coax (HFC) networks, satellite networks, telco networks, micronets, piconets, and data networks (including MANs, WANs, LANs, WLANs, internets, and intranets). Such networks or portions thereof may utilize any one or more different topologies (e.g., ring, bus, star, loop, etc.), transmission media (e.g., wired/RF cable, RF wireless, millimeter wave, optical, etc.) and/or communications or networking protocols (e.g., SONET, DOCSIS, IEEE Std. 802.3, ATM, X.25, Frame Relay, 3GPP, 3GPP2, WAP, SIP, UDP, FTP, RTP/RTCP, TCP/IP, H.323, etc.).
As used herein, the term "Wi-Fi" refers to, without limitation, any of the variants of IEEE-Std. 802.11 or related standards including 802.11 a/b/g/n.
As used herein, the term "wireless" means any wireless signal, data, communication, or other interface including without limitation Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G, HSDPA/HSUPA, TDMA, CDMA (e.g., IS-95A, WCDMA, etc.), FHSS, DSSS, GSM, PAN/802.15, WiMAX (802.16), 802.20, narrowband/FDMA, OFDM, PCS/DCS, analog cellular, CDPD, satellite systems, millimeter wave or microwave systems, acoustic, and infrared (i.e., IrDA).
As used herein, the terms "mobile device", "client device", "peripheral device" and "end user device" include, but are not limited to, personal computers (PCs) and minicomputers, whether desktop, laptop, or otherwise, set-top boxes such as the Motorola DCT2XXX/5XXX and Scientific Atlanta Explorer 2XXX/3XXX/4XXX/8XXX series digital devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs) such as the "Palm�" or Blackberry families of devices, handheld computers, personal communicators, J2ME equipped devices, cellular telephones, personal integrated communication or entertainment devices such as the Apple iPod� or LG VX8500 Chocolate devices, or literally any other device capable of interchanging data with a network or another device.
In one salient aspect, the present invention discloses an antenna having multiple frequency bands for use in communication systems. In the exemplary embodiment of this antenna, a common junction network provides a first and second radiator. The first radiator resonates in a first frequency band. The second radiator resonates in a second frequency band. The first and second frequency bands may be different frequency bands from one another, or may overlap. A first electrical component is coupled to the common junction network and proximately located to the first radiator. The first electrical component creates a resonance with the common junction network to create a third frequency band proximal to the first frequency band. The first radiator is capable of communicating RF energy in the first frequency band and the third frequency band. Consequently, the present invention may be used to communicate over a wide frequency range (or ranges) between a wireless communication device, e.g., cell phone, personnel communication device (PDA), personal computer, laptop computer or the like.
Broadly, the present invention generally provides a system and method for increasing the operating frequency of an existing antenna system so that one antenna may be utilized for multiple frequency domains. Although the following discussion is cast primarily in terms of use for multi-band communication systems (e.g., cellular or other wireless communications networks) as an exemplary demonstration, it is to be understood that this discussion is not limiting and that the present invention may be used in other suitable applications. For example, the system of the present invention may find beneficial use for providing a network manager an opportunity to switch system circuitry of a local access network (LAN) to a second frequency band server to trouble shoot and/or perform system maintenance of a first frequency band server without the need for changing antennas. Similarly, a home or residential gateway device may be equipped with a common antenna for multiple air interfaces (such as PAN, Bluetooth, and WiFi).
In yet another aspect, the system may prove useful for detecting shifts in frequency of an incoming signal using multiple frequency bands. More specifically, the system may be part of an inventory or identification system that monitors object movement information and/or provides redundant tracking information using multiple frequency bands. Thus, an operator would have the ability to track objects in separate frequency bands. In addition, the antenna may be adaptable to a warehouse and/or manufacturing setting, such as where vehicles, goods, and merchandise are binned or stored, e.g., utilizing RFID or similar technology adapted for multiple frequency bands.
In addition, wile one embodiment of the invention is described using at least two ceramic blocks, elements, or radiators for a mobile handheld communication device for 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz frequency bands, the principles and methods of this invention may further be applied just as readily to other technologies, frequency ranges, frequency domains, or other products. Other frequency ranges may include for example the 2.4-2.5 GHz range (commonly associated with Bluetooth and WiFi), 5-6 GHz (e.g., 5.8 GHz) or the like, and the other applications may include global positioning systems (GPS) satellites or receivers, tracked objects, and so forth.
Advantageously, the antenna system of the present invention does not require direct line-of-sight, and the system may effectively be applied to both indoor situations, such as for local area networks (LANs), satellite reception devices, satellite television receivers, as well as for outdoor systems such as those utilized for locating and tracking individuals and objects.
Moreover, it will be recognized that the present invention may find utility beyond voice, data or media communication or tracking systems. For example, the "radiating elements" described subsequently herein may conceivably be utilized to improve other applications; e.g., in a microwave oven or other magnetron device to, for example, cook food items using a different RF frequency wavelength for different entree items.
Other functions might include grocery store check out lines that utilize wireless technology, such as Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) tags. For instance, a grocery store may scan consumer items using a multi-band antenna. In this situation, consumer product information may be tracked/monitored using multiple operating frequencies. Therefore, the grocery store checkout lines may use one multi-band antenna and monitor merchandise using multiple frequency bands, such as using a first frequency band for one function (e.g., to monitor product expiration dates and store location codes), and a second frequency band to monitor other information (such as production information, number of inventory items, duration for reordering or selling a particular item at a discount, and so forth). Myriad of other functions will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art given the present disclosure.
The improved antenna disclosed herein may also be used for control system applications, such as those that wirelessly monitor components such as transducers, sensors, and electrical and/or optical components within a manufacturing or industrial process.
The antenna apparatus described herein may also feasibly be integrated into a modular jack or connector (e.g., RJ 45 network device), such as by using the technology described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/______ entitled "SHIELD AND ANTENNA CONNECTOR APPARATUS AND METHODS" filed Oct. 2, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Exemplary Antenna Apparatus—
Referring now to
It will be appreciated that while exemplary embodiments of the antenna of the invention are implemented using ceramic technology due to its desirable attributes and performance, the invention is in no way limited to ceramic-based configurations, and in fact can be implemented using other technologies.
The antenna feed conductor 609 is located on an upper surface of the board 606 and substantially surrounded, in this example, by a ground plane 604. In one alternative embodiment, the ground plane 604 is disposed along only certain sides (e.g., one side) of the conductor 609. At a first end, the feed conductor 609 is attached at a first position 612 along a first ceramic block 605. The first ceramic block 605, in this example, is a frequency resonant structure that has inherent resonance characteristics tunable to a desired frequency bandwidth/range. Information on exemplary structures that may be utilized for the first ceramic block 605, second ceramic block 615, and network configurations for utilizing these blocks is disclosed in International Publication Number WO 2006/000650 A1 entitled "Antenna Component" filed on Jun. 28, 2005, published on Jan. 5, 2006, to Sorvala, et al. which content is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, although it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill that other approaches may be substituted as well.
In the illustrated embodiment of
Furthermore, an operating frequency of approximately 850 MHz (611) of the first ceramic block 605 is adjusted by adding a metal conductor; e.g., on an upper surface of the ceramic block 605. To achieve the approximate operating frequency 850 MHz (611) in this example, the metal conductive material comprises a meander radiator 607. The meander radiator 607 includes conductive metal, such as for example gold, silver, titanium, platinum, a composite conducting material, or the like, deposited using one or more standard metallization techniques, although other approaches may be used as well. Standard metallization techniques include e.g., etching a metallized board using photolithographic techniques, epoxy bonding, and/or solder bonding one or more conductive metals to the surface of the first ceramic block 605.
The meander radiator 607 transmits/receives wireless communication energy, such as analog, digital, microwave, millimeter wave, or a combination thereof. In one alternative embodiment, the conductive metal may be replaced by any conductive strip, ribbon, or ink deposited or chemically disposed on the board 606. The meander radiator 607, as shown in
Furthermore, such immunity inherent in ceramic antenna technology also provides improved performance when compared to conventional so-called "air insulated" technologies such as PIFA's. Detuning (frequency shift) of the ceramic antenna when placed for example close to human hand or head is much lower than with conventional technologies resulting better overall performance
The antenna feed conductor 618 is located on an upper surface of the board 606. Similar to the embodiment of
Furthermore, an operating frequency 620 of the second ceramic block 615 can be adjusted by changing the location that the conductor 618 attaches to the second ceramic block 615. To achieve the approximately operating frequency 1800 MHz, in this example, a metallized radiator 617 has been implemented by depositing conductive metal, such as gold, on an upper surface of the second ceramic block 615. The attachment processes are similar to that of the meander conductor 607 associated with
In the alternative, the conductive metal of the metallized radiator 617 may be replaced by or substituted for any conductive strip, ribbon, or ink. The radiator 617, in this example, comprises a single strip conductor. In the alternative, the single strip conductor may be any size or shape item that will support a desired resonance frequency for the second ceramic block 615. The width and length of the metallized radiator 617 are fabricated to achieve a desired resonance frequency, which, in this exemplary example, is approximately 1800 MHz.
The first capacitor 622 and the second capacitor 623 of
Referring to
The invention advantageously provides a more compact, wider frequency bandwidth antenna than conventional multi-band antennas, yet without requiring additional radiator elements. Thus, the invention avoids unnecessary costs and hardware (adding additional radiators, additional feed structures, etc.) without requiring complicated matching and radiator patterns of conventional multi-band antenna designs. In other words, the network 626, in this example, includes a common junction resonant network that provides the unexpected result of converting one or more single frequency radiators, e.g., each of the first and the second ceramic blocks 605, 615 respectively, that are part of dual-band antenna, to form a quad-band antenna. This conversion process takes place, in this example, with minimal additional components, e.g., one discrete component such as a shunt capacitor that is disposed at a desired location, e.g., to increase desired operating frequency performance and maintain circuit compactness, along a feed conductor for each single frequency radiator. It will be appreciated, however, that other structures or approaches to converting such radiating elements to have multiple bands may be used consistent with the invention.
Moreover, the described common junction circuit or network can be integrated and formed by using separate components such as for example and without limitation LTCC, multilayer PCB, thin film structures, etc. The antenna elements can also be embedded into a cavity on the PCB to further reduce the total height of the assembly
As shown in
Radio Frequency Identification—
As previously described, the exemplary multi-band antenna configurations described herein save appreciable on space and the number of components required to provide the desired multi-band functionality. Accordingly, this makes these implementations useful for low-cost, space-critical applications such as the well known RFID "tag". For example, one variant of the invention comprises a flexible substrate (e.g., adhesive label), passive RFID tag adapted to comply with the so-called "EPC GEN2" standard (i.e., "EPC Radio Frequency Identity Protocols—Class-1 Generation—2 UHF RFID Protocol for Communications at 860 MHz-960 Mhz, Version 1.09"), incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Exemplary radio frequency identification devices and methods of manufacture suitable for use with the multi-band antenna of the present invention are described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,316,975 to O'Toole, et al. issued Nov. 13, 2001 and entitled "Radio frequency data communications device", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and accordingly are not described further herein.
Advantageously, the use of a multi-band antenna (and associated transceiver within the tag, and the interrogator) allows for a greater degree of operational flexibility and capabilities not found in single-band tags. For example, each of the multiple bands can be used for different functions (e.g., backscatter of reply versus receipt of a command), thereby helping to reduce or avoid communication collisions. Additionally, the two bands can be used as a coincidence circuit in order to increase reliability; i.e., logic coupled to each or a subset of the bands would require a common output before an action is taken (e.g., a tag "kill" command or random number generation operation is implemented, etc.). Alternatively, the multiple bands may be used as backups or redundant channels to one another, wherein physical phenomenon associated with one frequency band may not adversely affect another band, etc.
Head- and Hand-Effects—
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
The exemplary method comprises first the step of providing at least two radiators that resonate at different frequency bands (S1005). As previously described, these may comprise ceramic or other types of devices suitable for the particular application for which the antenna is intended.
Next, the RF feed is connected to the at least two radiators to form a common junction network (S1010). This can be accomplished via any number of techniques including e.g., soldering, deposition coating, use of discrete conductors (e.g., wires, metallic strips, etc.), or any number of other possible approaches known to those of ordinary skill.
Finally, a first electrical component (e.g., a capacitor) is coupled along the RF feed proximate to a first radiator of the at least two radiators to add an adjacent frequency band to a first frequency band of the first radiator (S1015).
Furthermore, the method may further comprise the additional step of connecting a second electrical component coupled to the common junction network and proximately located to a second radiator of the at least two radiators. In one alternative embodiment of this step, the second electrical component, for example, creates a resonance with the common junction network to add a fourth frequency band proximate to a second frequency band as previously discussed.
It is noted that many variations of the methods described above may be utilized consistent with the present invention. Specifically, certain steps are optional and may be performed or deleted as desired. Similarly, other steps (such as additional data sampling, processing, filtration, calibration, or mathematical analysis for example) may be added to the foregoing embodiments. Additionally, the order of performance of certain steps may be permuted, or performed in parallel (or series) if desired. Hence, the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the broader methods of the invention disclosed herein.
While the above detailed description has shown, described, and pointed out novel features of the invention as applied to various embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the device or process illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. The foregoing description is of the best mode presently contemplated of carrying out the invention. This description is in no way meant to be limiting, but rather should be taken as illustrative of the general principles of the invention. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the claims.
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|Agere Systems Inc.
|Dual-band antenna for a wireless local area network device
|May 9, 2005
|Aug 12, 2008
|Fractus, S.A.
|Multi-band monopole antenna for a mobile communications device
|Jul 28, 2003
|Feb 5, 2004
|Multisource antenna, in particular for systems with a reflector
|Jun 25, 2003
|Oct 28, 2004
|Stilp Louis A.
|RFID reader for a security network
|May 10, 2004
|Feb 3, 2005
|Mckinzie William E.
|Multiband antenna with parasitically-coupled resonators
|Mar 22, 2005
|Nov 3, 2005
|Akira Miyata
|Antenna and radio communication apparatus
|Dec 29, 2005
|Jul 5, 2007
|Chan Yiu K
|Multi-band antenna system
|Oct 22, 2004
|Oct 18, 2007
|Amc Centurion Ab
|Antenna Device and Portable Radio Communication Device Comprising Such an Antenna Device
|May 17, 2006
|Nov 22, 2007
|Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab
|Multi-band antenna for GSM, UMTS, and WiFi applications
|May 26, 2006
|Nov 29, 2007
|Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institude Co., Ltd.
|Multi mode antenna system
|Jun 16, 2006
|Dec 20, 2007
|Cingular Wireless Ii, Llc
|Multi-band antenna
|Aug 15, 2006
|Feb 21, 2008
|Dajun Cheng
|Multi-band dielectric resonator antenna
|Oct 11, 2001
|Apr 17, 2003
|Receptec Gmbh
|Antenna module for automobile mobile radio antenna has antenna element spaced above conductive base plate and coupled to latter via short-circuit path
|Sep 16, 1997
|Mar 25, 1998
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Microstrip antenna
|Sep 28, 2000
|Dec 12, 2001
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Surface-mount antenna and communication device with surface-mount antenna
|Nov 9, 2006
|May 30, 2007
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Multiband antenna component
|Jul 31, 2001
|Feb 7, 2002
|Sagem Sa
|Planar radiating surface antenna and portable telephone comprising same
|Jun 14, 2004
|Dec 23, 2004
|Perlos Ab
|A multiband antenna for a portable terminal apparatus
|Jun 28, 2005
|Jan 5, 2006
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Antenna component
|"A Novel Approach of a Planar Multi-Band Hybrid Series Feed Network for Use in Antenna Systems Operating at Millimeter Wave Frequencies," by M.W. Elsallal and B.L. Hauck, Rockwell Collins, Inc., pp. 15-24, firstname.lastname@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com.
|Product of the Month, RFDesign, "GSM/GPRS Quad Band Power Amp Includes Antenna Switch," 1 page, reprinted Nov. 2004 issue of RF Design (www.rfdesign.com), Copyright 2004, Freescale Semiconductor, RFD-24-EK.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 8, 2007
|Jan 17, 2012
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Dual antenna and methods
|Aug 27, 2007
|Feb 21, 2012
|Nokia Corporation
|Antenna arrangement
|Jan 15, 2008
|May 15, 2012
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Dual antenna apparatus and methods
|Aug 5, 2009
|Oct 9, 2012
|Carr William N
|Multiple-resonator antenna
|Nov 18, 2009
|Feb 26, 2013
|William N. Carr
|Multiple-cavity antenna
|Jan 13, 2010
|Apr 9, 2013
|Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
|Multi-band printed antenna
|Apr 17, 2008
|Jun 18, 2013
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Methods and apparatus for matching an antenna
|Apr 14, 2008
|Jun 25, 2013
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Adjustable antenna and methods
|Feb 16, 2010
|Jul 2, 2013
|William N. Carr
|Multiple-cavity antenna
|Jan 12, 2011
|Oct 8, 2013
|Thales Communications, Inc.
|Matching circuit for a multi-band antenna and multi-band radio incorporating the same
|Jul 13, 2006
|Oct 22, 2013
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Adjustable multiband antenna and methods
|Apr 13, 2011
|Dec 31, 2013
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Wideband antenna and methods
|Aug 20, 2008
|Jan 14, 2014
|Pusle Finland Oy
|Adjustable multi-band antenna and methods
|Feb 11, 2011
|Feb 11, 2014
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
|Dec 28, 2011
|Jun 24, 2014
|Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
|Extendable-arm antennas, and modules and systems in which they are incorporated
|Sep 20, 2006
|Jul 22, 2014
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Multiband antenna system and methods
|Dec 29, 2009
|Sep 30, 2014
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Loop resonator apparatus and methods for enhanced field control
|Jul 7, 2011
|Oct 21, 2014
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Multi-band antenna and methods for long term evolution wireless system
|Apr 4, 2012
|Mar 24, 2015
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Compact polarized antenna and methods
|Oct 7, 2011
|Sep 1, 2015
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Multi-feed antenna apparatus and methods
|Jan 12, 2012
|Dec 1, 2015
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Multi-resonance antenna, antenna module, radio device and methods
|Feb 7, 2011
|Jan 26, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Antenna with cover radiator and methods
|Jan 14, 2014
|May 24, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Switchable multi-radiator high band antenna apparatus
|Apr 21, 2010
|Aug 2, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Distributed multiband antenna and methods
|Jul 25, 2011
|Sep 20, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Multiband slot loop antenna apparatus and methods
|Nov 16, 2010
|Oct 4, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|MIMO antenna and methods
|Dec 21, 2011
|Nov 1, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Switchable diversity antenna apparatus and methods
|Dec 1, 2014
|Nov 29, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Compact polarized antenna and methods
|Dec 20, 2011
|Dec 27, 2016
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Loosely-coupled radio antenna apparatus and methods
|Dec 2, 2014
|Mar 7, 2017
|Pulse Electronics, Inc.
|Reduced surface area antenna apparatus and mobile communications devices incorporating the same
|Jun 26, 2013
|Apr 25, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Galvanically separated non-interacting antenna sector apparatus and methods
|Mar 3, 2014
|May 9, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Coupled antenna structure and methods
|Mar 24, 2014
|Jun 6, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Chassis-excited antenna apparatus and methods
|Nov 20, 2013
|Jun 13, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Capacitive grounding methods and apparatus for mobile devices
|Aug 28, 2014
|Aug 1, 2017
|Pulse Finland Oy
|Low passive intermodulation distributed antenna system for multiple-input multiple-output systems and methods of use
|Jan 15, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Pertti Nissinen
|Dual antenna apparatus and methods
|Apr 14, 2008
|Oct 30, 2008
|Zlatoljub Milosavljevic
|Adjustable antenna and methods
|Aug 27, 2007
|Mar 5, 2009
|Nokia Corporation
|Antenna arrangement
|May 8, 2007
|Sep 17, 2009
|Petteri Annamaa
|Dual Antenna and Methods
|Nov 18, 2009
|Mar 18, 2010
|Carr William N
|Multiple-Cavity Antenna
|Jan 13, 2010
|Jul 15, 2010
|Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
|Multi-band printed antenna
|Feb 16, 2010
|Aug 19, 2010
|Carr William N
|Multiple-Cavity Antenna
|Aug 5, 2009
|Aug 19, 2010
|Carr William N
|Multiple-Resonator Antenna
|Oct 4, 2007
|Sep 2, 2010
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Antenna including first and second radiating elements having substantially the same characteristic features
|Jan 12, 2011
|Aug 11, 2011
|Thales Communications, Inc.
|Matching circuit for a multi-band antenna and multi-band radio incorporating the same
|Dec 28, 2011
|Jul 4, 2013
|Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
|Extendable-arm antennas, and modules and systems in which they are incorporated
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 14, 2007
Owner name: PULSE FINLAND OY, FINLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:PERUNKA, JARI;KOSKINIEMI, KIMMO;REEL/FRAME:020115/0520;SIGNING DATES FROM 20070530 TO 20070604
|Jun 2, 2009
Owner name: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:PULSE FINLAND OY;REEL/FRAME:022764/0672
Effective date: 20090529
|Feb 13, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 2, 2014
Owner name: CANTOR FITZGERALD SECURITIES, NEW YORK
Free format text: NOTICE OF SUBSTITUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT IN TRADEMARKS AND PATENTS;ASSIGNOR:JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.;REEL/FRAME:031898/0476
Effective date: 20131030
|Mar 2, 2017
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Holy Cow BatFrog!
No! There is not a new mob in the game! But upon logging on to the production server, what did a behold but a colony sitting at spawn preventing me from doing anything except running through it.
I checked the configs for the mod and it appeared as if I had it set to make you go 2000 blocks out before placing the townhall or supply chest. This did work in the 1.11.2 version of the pack and the Minecolonies mod. I was informed by Raycoms the author of the mod that was technically a glitch and the settings are for the /rtp command.
Then I questioned, why was the spawn protection in the server.properties file not working and it turns out that in 1.8 Mojang made a change. If no one is assigned op at the time the server world is created, the spawn protection setting will be ignored. Creating an op later on will not enable it.
That explains the occasional spawn grief and player builds at spawn that I have detected in the last two years. Because sometimes I'm not op when I create server worlds. The setting should be enough!
So, yesterday I created "No Op Spawn Protection". A mod that is installed server and client side that gives you one option in the config. The spawn protection setting from the server.properties file. Not sure what Mojang's range for the protection was, but I gave you a range from 0 thru to 10,000. The mod will allow creative players to build within the protected area. I will be adding features to this mod as we progress in using it. I have to test if redstone circuits can be utilized as well doors and chests. And then later I'll add blacklist/whilelist capability for objects. And I expect it'll get tedious, so I'll add /commands to allow configuring it while in the game.
Also, I took even more ownership of my fork of "Bad Wither No Cookie!" mod which is now known as "Bad Wither No Cookie! Reloaded". And I might even begin porting it to the lower tiers such as 1.10.2, 1.9.4, 1.8.9, etc, because it now contains features the original mod author Droidicus never added. I added Thunder Silencing and Log Message Silencing.
- Bad Wither No Cookie Reloaded ::>ChangeLog
- Forestry ::>ChangeLog
- Simple Storage Network ::>ChangeLog
- Underwater Utilities ::>ChangeLog

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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I am applying for a job and need to know if my California conviction for DUI in 1985 was a felony, misdemeanor or neither. There was no accident and I just paid a fine in court.
If you only paid a fine then it clearly was not a Felony. A DUI would likely have resulted in you having to do a drinking driver program and if you did not do that and still have a valid CA license, then you likely did not have a Misdemeanor. That leaves a wet reckless or underage driving violation for being under 0.08, but over 0.01. The key is whether or not you lost driving privilege somewhere along the line here. The only way to fully know what your case was is to go to the clerk of the court where you paid the fine and get a docket of charges and disposition in you case. The clerk can tell you what occurred for certain, we here are just making educated guesses.Ask a similar question
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BooksPlus is the one-stop destination for bibliophiles, a digest of the week's best interviews about books and writing across RN.
September 7th, 2014
Episode 59 of 240 episodes
Two big stories today on Books+: Simone de Beauvoir's Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter and David Mitchell's The Bone Clocks. Simone de Beauvoir was one of the founders of contemporary feminism, and in her memoir she sets out he origins of her desire to become a writer. David Mitchell's latest book has just been released this week and features the age-old question of staying forever young.
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Publish Date: 07/03/2017
If you find yourself on The Hive you're probably there for one thing and that is the following two; music, dance, fun. No matter what your goals are the sound system will spice up your time spent there. And because we love it spicy we offer you the pleasure to enjoy groundbreaking Vero system by Funktion-One: linear in appearance, point source in nature. For third year in a row we are teaming up with Funktion-One Croatia to bring you the Vero; now one of Mo:Dem Festival's trademarks. Next level of audio experience you can taste only at few Festivals around the globe.
VERO / F221 / PSM318 / 100 kW
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So... you are already familiar with the line up. We believe that you know the amount of effort and passion we invest in the visual appearance of The Hive. In 2017. edition you can expect more news on improvements in this department; visuals, mapping and lighting systems. But that is another story, soon to be told.
Love and passion,
Mo:Dem Crew


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Atlanta Web Design Copy Material for New Site
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We can not only build your website to the highest standards, we can get it noticed too! If you're trying to expand in the Georgia market, we can help. Thought Mechanics' Atlanta web design team has the knowledge and expertise necessary to create websites that not only look beautiful, but function seamlessly. It isn't all about visual appeal, your visitors have to be able to find what they are looking for fast. That's why we spend more time designing seamless navigation than anything else.
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TM Atlanta Web Design: 62 Walton Street Northwest, Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 381-1801 Website: http://www.tmatlantaweb.com/ Page 2
Published on Feb 8, 2012
Thought Mechanics are pioneering Atlanta web designers serving the community around Georgia. We build beautiful websites to promote your bra...


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Hotel Della Baia, Cellole
- Free WiFi and free parking
Main amenities
- 56 guestrooms
- On a private beach
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Outdoor pool
- Breakfast available
- Outdoor tennis court
- Beach umbrellas
- Airport shuttle
- Childcare
- Terrace
- 24-hour front desk
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- Free WiFi and free parking
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Children's pool
- Babysitting or childcare (surcharge)
- Sofa bed
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
What's around
- In Baia Domizia
- Ponte Real Ferdinando Il di Borbone (7 mi / 11.2 km)
- Archaeological Area of Minturnae (7.2 mi / 11.6 km)
- Piazza Mondragone (8.4 mi / 13.5 km)
- Teatro Romano (8.6 mi / 13.9 km)
- Ducal Castle (9 mi / 14.5 km)
More great choices
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 56 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time starts at 1 PM
- Check-out time is 11 AM
- Express check-in/out
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets stay free
- 2 per room
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
- Train station pickup *
- Cruise terminal shuttle *
- Ferry terminal shuttle *
- Free self parking (limited)
- Free RV/bus/truck parking
- Area shuttle *
- Shopping center shuttle *
- Theme park shuttle *
Nearby Four Star Cellole hotels
In the hotel
- Continental breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Snack bar/deli
- Beach bar
- 24-hour room service
- Coffee/tea in a common area
- On private beach
- Beach cabanas (surcharge)
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Outdoor pool
- Outdoor tennis court
- Spa tub
- Beach sun loungers
- Children's pool
- Tennis on site
- Beach umbrellas
- Pool sun loungers
- Beach towels
- Conference space size (feet) - 1291
- Conference space size (meters) - 120
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Limo or Town Car service available
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Luggage storage
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built 1967
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Designated smoking areas (fines apply)
- Garden
- Terrace
- Library
- Fireplace in lobby
- Television in common areas
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Air conditioning
- Soundproofed rooms
- Sofa bed
- Sofa bed size single
- Premium bedding
- Balcony
- Private bathroom
- Bathtub or shower
- Bidet
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer (on request)
- 21-inch LCD TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe
Top Cellole hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Cellole
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"Highly recommend this hotel and location. The staff was friendly and incredibly helpful in making sure we arrived and made it back to Rome without any issues. What an amazing…"Aug 4, 2017
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Special features
DiningRISTORANTE DELLA BAIA - Overlooking the garden, this fine-dining restaurant specializes in international cuisine and serves breakfast, lunch, dinner, and light fare. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar. A children's menu is available. Reservations are required.
On Site
- Outdoor tennis court
- Spa tub
- Tennis on site
- Free bicycles on site
- Tennis lessons on site
- Golf lessons available nearby
- Golfing nearby
- Hiking/biking trails nearby
- Sailing nearby
- Scooter/moped rentals nearby
- Scuba diving nearby
- Snorkeling nearby
- Water skiing nearby
- Windsurfing nearby
Hotel Della Baia, Cellole's small print
Also known as
- Della Baia Cellole
- Hotel Della Baia Cellole
- Della Baia
All guests, including children, must be present at check-in and show their government-issued photo ID card or passport.
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 2999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
For transfers, guests must contact the property 24 hours prior to arrival at the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Facility access costs EUR 10.00 per person, per day. Facilities include a spa tub and a swimming pool.
Continental breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 10 per person (approximately)
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge of EUR 90 per vehicle (one way)
Cruise ship terminal shuttle, ferry terminal shuttle, and train station pick-up service is offered for an extra charge
Area shuttle, shopping center shuttle, and theme park shuttle service is offered for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
Pride of Lions
Lions Den !!!! Founded: Aug 28, 2010
Members: 31
We are searching for chess players of all ages, around the world, to be a part of our Pride. Let's join together to show and remind others why the mighty cat IS known as "KING". Welcome to the family. Pride of Lions!
Online Feb 26, 2016
Joined Club: Sep 5, 2010
Online 10 hrs ago
Todd Pierson | 3rd Rock from the Sun, United States
Joined Club: Aug 28, 2010


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NO.1 D5+ Android Smart Watch
With the stylish NO.1 D5+ smart watch, you will be able to enjoy the convenience and flexibility of having a second smartphone located right on your wrist. With its Android operating system, this smart watch phone allows you to enjoy all the similar features your phone has to offer. Simply insert your SIM card and you are ready to make phone calls, send messages, and browse the web straight from your wrist. Alternatively, you can sync the watch with your Android smartphone to get instant updates and notifications on the go.
With a sleek 1.3 inch touch-screen, this Android smart watch fits perfectly at any wrist while, at the same time, providing a large enough screen on which to enjoy all the latest Android features. Its Quad-Core CPU and 1GB or RAM guarantee that the NO.1 D5+ Smart Watch can handle the latest Applications that are available for free through the pre-installed Google Play store. With 8GB of internal data this Android watch offers enough data storage for you to download and try out the latest Apps that Google has to offer without needing to worry about running out of storage space.
In today as busy world filled with the rush of meetings and packed schedules, it is important to keep your priorities straight and not forget about staying fit and in shape. This is why the NO.1 D5+watch phone features both a heart-rate monitor and pedometer to help you stay motivated and to keep track of your exercise. With this sports watch, you can be assured that you will never miss an exercise again. Additionally, the watch holds an IP65 waterproof rating so you dont have to be afraid of a little rain while going out.
Holding a 450mAh battery this sports watch offers up to two hours of continuous usage time and 72 hours on standby, making this stylish electronic gadget the perfect accessory that can be worn at any occasion.


text:
Only in Arkansas: Cocoa Belle
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. -- A local woman is making handmade, artisan chocolate truffles in Little Rock.
Several years ago, Carmen Portillo started Cocoa Belle Chocolates.
Portillo said her inspiration came from Europe.
"I went to England when I was 19 and there was this tiny chocolate shop, itty bitty. Just marveled at the craftsmanship that this chocolatier had," she explains.
She went to school to become a chocolatier herself, coming back and starting her business.
"I developed all of my recipes, so a lot of trial and error. My husband was an enthusiastic taste tester," Portillo continues.
Cocoa Belle is a web-based sweet spot that specializes in handmade truffles.
"They're defiantly not M&M's," says Portillo. "I say you don't want to eat too many at one time. They are rich, but yeah you do savor it. And how I build my recipes, it kind of hits on all of those flavors if you take your time."
With the day of love nearing, this chocolatier will keep doing what she loves regardless of how late she has to work.
"When you can do your job and time doesn't matter, that's when you know you are doing what you love," she says.
Click here for more on Cocoa Belle.
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After being shut down in mid July, a local radio station devoted to women is back on the air in the Afghan province of Sar-e Pol.
The radio network, "Voice of Women," owner alleged that it was shut down after they refused to pay the police $400 a month in bribes. Though the police refute the claims, owner Shafiqullah Azizi took the case to the governor of the province. The radio station came back on the air earlier this month.
The shutdown and subsequent relaunch of the radio station highlight the precarious situation of women's rights in Afghanistan. The Afghan government has pledged that women's rights are non-negotiable in the peace negotiations with the Taliban. However, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has voiced concerns that without international support women's rights could be rolled back in Taliban sympathetic areas or even by the government in order to reach a peace deal.
Media Resources: Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 8/2/2013, 7/31/2013; Feminist Newswire 7/30/2013
Latest posts by Feminist Newswire (see all)
- Free Feminine Hygiene Products for Federal Inmates Now Required - August 16, 2017
- White Supremacists Hold Hate-Filled Rally in Charlottesville, Virginia - August 14, 2017
- Hearing Begins in Case of Anti-Abortion Group Versus Virginia - August 11, 2017


text:
If you didn't read the wildly popular Modern Love column this weekend about how easy it is to fall in love if you and your chosen one just spend.
Accordingly, I hope you will review these questions and arrive prepared to Will you make any changes to this plan, and if so, what are they? In the years leading up to the 2008 financial crisis, banks allegedly engaged in.
Here questions that will allegedly make -- tri cheapShould Massachusetts legalize pot? The Wicked Will Rise. Like I get people won't look on purpose, but how many times has it accidentally happened?! Will you implement and enforce this rule as written if you become HUD Secretary? Post a free classified ad. Follow me on Pinterest! Follow Us On Twitter Twitter.
Start your workday the right way with the news that matters. House committees on Armed Services and Government Operations —. A gallon of sugary tea in a GIANT PLASTIC CONTAINER? You are now signed up for our Breaking News newsletter. Cirincione — whose organization wants to eliminate nuclear. That seems incredibly simplistic, but at the core of any real relationship or real love affair is not mystery at all, but what you give up, and what you're getting. Gizmodo corrected to its story, which an earlier version of. And how to answer .
Here questions that will allegedly make -- travel easy
She tried it with a "university acquaintance," a man she'd taken notice of but didn't yet really know. I don't know how many times we have to say this, but America, it's time to move on from Fahrenheit. For example, when the President declares a natural disaster, FHA often makes special insurance programs available to victims and provides limited forbearance to families struggling to pay their mortgage. Bill Galvin, the state's elections chief, assigned numbers to the ballot questions on Monday. Joe Cirincione , president of the Ploughshares Fund a global. Terms of Service , Privacy Policy , and. If Klotz and Creedon aren't asked to stay on and Trump's team.


text:
How to get yourself an onsite opportunity to Dubai?
What is the best advise you can give a person with 8 years of experience in IT (Web App development) to get a job in Dubai
0 Answers
No answer posted to the question. Be the first to post a answer


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Try searching our site
Latest Videos
Midday Weather: Eclipse Viewing ForecastKatie Fehlinger has your local forecast.
Wills Eye Hospital Hands Out Free Eclipse GlassesStephanie Stahl reports.
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It's Solar Eclipse Day: What You Need To KnowHenry Rosoff reports.
Reach Me: August 21, 2017 (AM)Jim Donovan has your morning On The Go news.
Digital Brief: August 21, 2017 (AM)Rahel Solomon has your morning Digital Brief.


text:
Minestrone Main Dish Soup
3 slices bacon
1 cup onion, diced
½ cup celery, diced
1 can beef broth
½ tsp salt
1 c cubed zucchini
1 can beans with bacon
1 ½ cup soup cans water
1 can 16 oz tomatoes
½ cup uncooked macaroni
1 cup cabbage
in large saucepan, brown bacon, onion, and celery. Stir in water, tomatoes, macaroni, and salt. Bring to a boil and cover. Reduce heat; simmer 15 minutes, add cabbage and zucinni. Cool 10 minutes more, or until done. Stir occasionally.
Pairs Well With
Disney's Tinker Bell "Secret of the Wings Cookbook"By BakeSpace Fairies
6 Recipes443 Downloads


text:
Home | The JetBeds
Price per unit - $8,295
FedEx Ground - $100
FedEx Express Saver - $200
Standard Size - 72" x 40"
Custom sizes can be made for an additional cost. Call or email for quote.
(Shipping prices are for contiguous United States. Please contact us for all other shipping rates.)
|* Jetbeds are designed for factory original interiors. Aircraft with after market interior redesigns may differ in specifications and dimensions. Call 858.395.6888 or email for quotes on variations and availability.


text:
Vehicle Trailer Brake
Trailer brakes are an accessory that can be commonly found on large trailers that haul extremely heavy loads. These extra brakes remove pressure on the vehicles brakes and lengthen the life of the brakes. Trailer brakes assist the vehicle to stop in less time. There are many different types of brakes that can be used on a trailer however, electric brakes are the most commonly used.
Electric brakes operate on the vehicle's electricity created by way of energizing a magnet; which attaches itself to the brakes spinning drum. The rotating motion of the drum allows the actuating arm to pivot, spreading the brake's shoes, allowing them to meet the brake drum and apply the brakes. The amount of current that is sent to the electric brakes through the wiring is monitored and regulated by the brake's controller. The brake controller is connected to the vehicle's battery and stop light switch. As the brake is applied, the controller allows more current to flow. When the driver removes pressure from the brake, the controller begins to energize; therefore, blocking the energy from getting to the magnet which activates the brakes.
Trailer brakes incorporate many safety options. The most important of these safety features is a breakaway system which automatically activates the brakes in the event the trailer becomes disconnected from the vehicle. This safety system requires an additional battery be mounted to the trailer.
Who Makes This
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text:
The Central Hotel is located in the heart of the Yangon where it is very comfortable to go interesting places such as Bogyoke Market, Sule Pagoda, World Wonderer Shwedagon Pagoda within 10 minutes drive while in Yangon stayed at Central Hotel.
We settled luxury rooms, distinguished Executive Suite, Junior Suite, Deluxe and Superior rooms, in which each room is composed of modern facilities in addition to reasonable
prices and also you can utilize Business Center.
All the 82 rooms are elegantly decorated rooms with modern amenities and facilities.
©2006~2017 sevendiamondtravels.com. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Mozart, Piazzolla, and John Cage
December 4 @ 2:30 pm - 5:00 pm
An event every day that begins at 2:30pm, repeating until December 4, 2017
Event Navigation
Mozart, Piazzolla, and John Cage
Audience participation and artistic design are on display for the Chamber Orchestra's dynamic 3rd series. Nearly 225 years later, Würfelspiel, Mozart's famous Dice Game algorithm will allow audiences to "design" the structure of the new works arranged by COP's artist-in-residence Adam Vidiksis. With the aleatoric scores displayed throughout the Perelman Theater, the audience will have an intimate understanding of the works as they're being performed. Mimi Stillman, Curtis trained flutist, shows off her improvisation skills in Mozart's Flute Concerto No. 1in G Major. A concert you definitely do not want to miss.
Perelman Theater
Perelman Theater
Brunch with Brossé
Join Music Director Dirk Brossé as he offers a taste of music from the classical world and more. Examine the music of our exciting December concert, as well as other surprise works, through the eyes of the Maestro in a round table discussion over brunch. Discover how Director Brossé brings music from the page to the stage.
Reserve Your Seat
Classical Conversations
The Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia continues our wildly popular post-concert program on Sundays. Please join Maestro Brossé and Mimi Stillman for informal and informative Q&A session following the matinée.
Concerts and Cocktails
Join us after our Monday evening performances at the Kimmel Center PECO Bar for Concert & Cocktails where you can mingle and get to know the Chamber Orchestra over cocktails at the bar! (cash bar)
Dirk Brossé
Mimi Stillman
Mozart arr. Adam Vidiksis
Würfelspiel (Dice Game) – Musician Realization – Kv516f version one
Sinfonia Veneziana in D
Flute Concerto No. 1 in G Major
Mozart arr. Adam Vidiksis
Würfelspiel (Dice Game) – Patron Realization – Kv516f version two
Concerto for Small Orchestra, Op 34
Dirk Brossé
DNA in Music*
John Cage
Atlas Eclipticalis
Astor Piazzolla
*US Premiere
This program runs approximately 1 hour, 45 minutes.
**All Artists and Programs subject to change**
- Date:
- December 4
- Time:
2:30 pm - 5:00 pm
- Event Category:
- 2017/18 Season
- The Perelman Theater
300 South Broad Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103 United States
- Phone:
- 215-893-1709
- Website:
- www.kimmelcenter.org
- The Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia
- Phone:
- 215-545-5451
- Email:
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- Website:
- www.chamberorchestra.org
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Mozart, Piazzolla, and John CageDecember 3 @ 2:30 pm - 5:00 pm|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every day that begins at 2:30pm, repeating until December 4, 2017


text:
Congregation Beth HaTephila
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Toby Koritsky Named New Education Director
CBHT 125th Anniversary
Our Top Jewish Stories
Toby Koritsky Named New Education Director
The Board of Directors is excited to inform our congregants that after an extensive national search, CBHT has a new Education Director beginning July 1! Toby Koritsky, who was recommended by the Selection Committee and ...
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CBHT Talent Show Honoring Lauren
CBHT's Talent Show honoring Education Director Lauren Rosenfeld!
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Family Tradition at CBHT Spans Six Generations
Family Tradition at CBHT Spans Six Generations I was fortunate to be born and raised in western North Carolina. My roots in Asheville date back to 1898. Six generations of family have called Asheville home. Living ...
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CBHT —Giving from the Heart
CBHT —Giving from the Heart By Gail A. Manheimer I have always felt our Temple represents an extension of our home, a welcoming place for us to pray, meditate, study, sing, find fellowship, make new friends and ...
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Rubin Feldstein's Second Bar Mitzvah
On July 29, our Brotherhood Co-President Rubin Feldstein was called to the Bimah as a Bar Mitzvah for the second time in his life, The first time was on January 28, 1946. Seventy years later ...
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Welcome our new Executive Director, Craig Frustaci!
Craig comes to us from Temple Torat Emet in Delray Beach where he served as its Executive Director. Previously, he was Managing Director for the Delray Center for the Arts, and for sixteen years, Assistant Director ...
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Brotherhood Beer Fest--a rousing success!
The Brotherhood Beer fest was a rousing success, with over 20 folks enjoying beer, pizza, and chicken Joanne & Barb enjoying some refreshemts Chuck & Leon enjoying themselves Marty getting into trouble, as usual.
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Capital Campaign
Hope in the Future. Power in the Present. Join us today on our journey to realizing our full potential at CBHT Power in the Present - Our beginning to our 125th anniversary "Honoring the Past ...
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You're at Home Here! An Engaging, Inclusive, Reform Congregation in the Blue Ridge Mountains


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The fifth RIBSA Intermediate Billiards Ranking event of the Season was held today in the Ivy Rooms Snooker Club In Carlow.
It was a great day for Derek O'Neill from Cork won his first RIBSA Billiards title when he beat Robert McCrum 400-368 in the final.
Preliminary round
Liam Byrne 297 - 400 Brendan Devlin
Brendan Devlin 284 - 400 Derek O'Neill
Aonghus McAnally 377 - 400 Robert McCrum
Derek O'Neill 400 - 368 Robert McCrum


text: Book Reviews Organic Charge-Transfer Complexes. R. Foster. Academic Press, New York, 1969. xii, 472 pp., illus. $22.50. Organic Chemistry, vol. 15 + See all authors and affiliations Science 04 Dec 1970:Vol. 170, Issue 3962, pp. 1076DOI: 10.1126/science.170.3962.1076 Edward M. KosowerFind this author on Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for this author on this site Article Info & Metrics eLetters PDF This is a PDF-only article. The first page of the PDF of this article appears below.


text:
Natural Coir (coconut) fibre Custom Cut Entrance Mats & Rolls
Available in Natural & 8 other pre-dyed colours.
Coir can only be used in the 17mm version in public entranceways so as to conform to current DDA regulations.
Coir entrance door mats are a hard working natural fibre with a PVC backing.
Coir floor mats can be used in retail, industrial, commercial, or public entrances in matwells as well as surface mounted where it needs to have ramped edges to allow for a smooth transition.
Coir is sometimes referred to as coconut matting; the coir fibre entrance door mat product has been servicing doors and entranceways for many years and is allowable in public areas in certain circumstances under the BS8300 DDA regulations.


text:
Dum Laga Ke Haisha
Year: 2015
Banner: Yash Raj Films
Genre: Comedy
Producer: Maneesh Sharma
Director: Sharat KatariyaCast: Ayushmann Khurrana , Bhumi Pednekar , Kumar Sanu | See full cast and crew
Set in 1995, Prem Prakash Tiwari ( Ayushmann Khurrana ) owns a cassette shop in the local market of Haridwar . His father is keen to get him married to an educated but overweight girl Sandhya (Bhumi Pednekar). In spite of him not liking her, the school drop out Prem must marry her because he is incapable of attaining a girl with 'Juhi-Chawla-level-of-looks.' In an elaborate community-wedding ceremony, Prem and Sandhya get married.
Prem shows his disinterest in the marriage very visibly. While his sister, aunt and mother bicker about his non-existent sex life, the guy whisks off to the akhara. Friends and seniors poke fun of him and he tells them about his anguish. His trainer suggests that he must run away but that isn't an option for him. Back home Sandhya tries to get him attracted to her. But Prem is too embarrassed to even walk with her in market. Prem and Sandhya's relationship continues to remain strained. Over time, her frustration shows, when Prem's aunt brings up a petty topic, the two have a heated exchange of words and she tells them how he doesn't treat her well.
Amidst all this a close friend of Prem's gets married. He and Sandhya go for the ceremony where due to his excessive drinking and jealousy over his friend's pretty wife, he tells everyone that sleeping with her feels like hell. Sandhya hears that and slaps him in front of his friends and he slaps her back. Next morning at home, the incident becomes a big issue as Sandhya, with her ego bruised, goes back home. She blames her father-in-law for his lack of respect towards women and not giving his son proper education. Sandhya's mother tries to pacify her that she must return to her husband. But she is headstrong decides that she can live by herself. Meanwhile, Prem decides to channelising his energy into studying and to clear his English paper again, he en-rolls for the exam. His friends too give up on him after a verbal squabble they throw him out of the group.
On the work front, a competing shop opens up selling music CDs in the same market, clearly effecting their business. Prem's family, talks to the shop-owner's family and the discussion ends with the other guy challenging Prem to participate and win the "Dum Laga Ke Haisha" contest. (The contest entails him picking up his wife on his shoulders and running a race). Meanwhile, Sandhya and Prem reach the court to file divorce. The court decides that the two must spend 6 months with each other and try to work it out. Both decide to live together just as a formality but ice breaks between the two, as they both start understanding each other.
Prem's aunt successfully convinces him to participate in the wife heaving competition and the couple take a last chance to save their marriage. The d-day arrives and much to the surprise of the society members, Prem and Sandhya join the co-participants. Surprisingly, Prem shoulders the weight of his wife and surges past all other contestants who fall like nine pins. In the last lap, Sandhya confesses to Prem that she doesn't want to go to Meerut and wants Prem to get her to stay. Prem knows winning this competition is the only way to do this and pushes himself further to eventually win the race defeating his friend who owns the CD store.
But Prem does not let Sandhya get off his back even long after the race is over. He takes her back all the way to his house where they seal their love with a kiss and witness their love blossoming for the first time.
Full Cast and Crew
Maneesh Sharma ... Producer
Sharat Katariya ... Director
|Ayushmann Khurrana
|Prem Prakash Tiwari
|Bhumi Pednekar
|Sandhya Verma
|Kumar Sanu
|Kumar Sanu (Cameo)
|Sanjay Mishra
|Chandrabhan Tiwari
|Alka Amin
|Sashi Tiwari
|Sheeba Chaddha
|Nain Tara
|Seema Pahwa
|Subhadra Rani
|Shrikant Verma
|Shakha Babu
|Poorva Neeraj
|Sandhya's Divorce Lawyer
|Kunal S Malla
|Bade Jijaji
|Sonali Sharma Anand
|Chandra Choor Rai
|Jahidul Islam Shuvo
Anu Malik ... Music Director