text:
At the start of the 21st century, an interplanetary war broke out. Earth's ecosystem was severely damaged, and humanity was forced to flee the planet, hence begin a new history with the Star Calendar starts from the year 0000. In several planets of this new society led by a totalitarian government, the Deep Galactic Trade Organization, things that "disturb the heart" like music and art are forbidden. The legendary idol group AKB48 is later resurrected as the interplanetary troupe AKB0048, made up of girls who carry on the title and spirit of the original members. With the government see the existence of the idol group as illegal, the idol group could not held their concert officially. AKB0048 also changed their concept from "idols you can meet" to "idols who see fans". Held as heroines by some and labeled as terrorists by others, they take up arms to bring their music to their fans wherever they are. The story follows a group of young hopefuls as they train to become the next generation of AKB0048.
AKB0048 - First Stage (April and July 2012)
The first season of AKB0048 has got 13 Episodes and follow the understudies of AKB0048.
Here are all current members of AKB0048.
- Nagisa Motomiya (77th Generation Understudy)
- Chieri Sono (77th Generation Understudy)
- Yuuka Ichijo (77th Generation Understudy)
- Orine Aida (77th Generation Understudy)
- Makoto Yokomizo (77th Generation Understudy)
- Suzuko Kanzaki (77th Generation Understudy)
- Sonata Shinonome (77th Generation Understudy)
- Megumi Wanibuchi (76th Generation Understudy)
- Akira Shirado (76th Generation Understudy)
- Umi Dozima (76th Generation Understudy)
- Hazuki Yanagikawa (76th Generation Understudy)
- Rie Hasumi (76th Generation Understudy)
- Mizuho Shirai (76th Generation Understudy)
- Himeko Ichioka (76th Generation Understudy)
- Kanata Shinonome (75th Generation Understudy)
- Mimori Kishida (75th Generation Understudy)
- Minami Takahashi the 5th
- Yuko Oshima the 9th
- Mayu Watanabe Type 3
- Tomomi Itano the 11th
- Haruna Kojima the 8th
- Sayaka Akimoto the 10th
- Yuki Kashiwagi the 6th
- Haruka Shimazaki the 8th
- Sae Miyazawa the 10th
- Haruka Katayama the 5th
- Yui Yokoyama the 7.5th
- Rie Kitahara the 9th
- Aki Takayjo the 10th
- Asuka Kuramochi the 9th
- Miho Miyazaki the 7th
- Yui Yokoyama the 7.5th
- Aika Ota the 12th
- Shizuka Oya the 6th
AKB0048 - Next Stage (January and March 2013)
The second serson starts a bit after the first one. The characters don't change, but some characters succed and the Center Nova returns.
AKB48 & Co
AKB48 is a Japanese idol girl group. AKB48's producer, Yasushi Akimoto, wanted to form a girl group with its own theater (unlike pop groups performing occasional concerts and seen on television) and performing daily so fans could always see them live. This "idols you can meet" concept includes teams which can rotate performances and perform simultaneously at several events and "handshake" events, where fans can meet group members. AKB48 has several sister groups in japan, china and indonesia, namently SKE48, NMB48, HKT48, NGT48, SNH48, JKT48 and their rival group Nogizaka46.


text:
Description: Up to 70% of our Commercial Clients are either from or related to the Condominium / Property Management Industry. Primarily Office Interior...more
Not sure which contractor to call for your commercial renovation project? Post your project and let local, top-rated pros come to you and compete for your job!Click here to get started
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Eating international fare at a local restaurant bypasses many transatlantic travel woes, such as jet lag and oar splinters. Stamp your palate's passport with this Groupon.
$10 for $20 Worth of Italian and Albanian Food and Drinks
The menu includes chicken with walnuts ($13.95), grilled trout topped with butter almonds ($18.95), rib-eye steak ($18.95), and baked lamb topped with a red-wine sauce ($19.95).
Arber Cafe
Strands of ivy dance across the walls, crisp linen-topped tables set the stage for Italian and Albanian meals, and an elegant wood bar presents various libations. In this romantically lit arena, chefs sprinkle walnuts on chicken and almonds on 10 ounces of grilled trout. They also bake lamb and douse it in red-wine sauce. The kitchen team prepares desserts such as baklava to give meals a happy ending, just like movies where the princess finds her prince and gets him to marry her without a prenuptial agreement.


text:
Rendering of Boeing 737 MAX 10
One of the world's largest lessors believes that Boeing's recent launch of the 737 MAX 10 will significantly improve the manufacturer's share of the narrowbody market, but probably at the cost of limiting sales of the smaller MAX 9.
In an assessment of the MAX range, Ireland-based Avolon said Boeing's MAX product strategy decisions had been reactive, "resulting in lower market share and a plethora of variants which do not all reflect actual market demand."
It said that, in launching the re-engined A320neo, Airbus had gained an advantage on the US manufacturer, presenting it with a technical and commercial dilemma.
The re-engined MAX had been Boeing's only option to compete against the A320neo in a timely manner, the lessor said. A clean-sheet design would have entered the market several years after the A320neo and Boeing's ability to match the A320neo production rate with that of a new program would have taken several years to achieve, at the cost of market and customer share.
But in the rush to get the 737 MAX to market, Boeing had neglected to consider and counter Airbus' key strength, the high-capacity A321neo, Avolon said.
The lessor said the launch of the MAX 10 at the Paris Air Show in June had strengthened the overall family and had "already doubled Boeing's market share in the large narrowbody segment." The aircraft garnered a large crop of orders and commitments at Le Bourget.
However, "The 737 MAX 9 no longer serves as the lowest unit cost family member and is severely impacted by the launch of the MAX 10. With only slightly improved unit cost over the MAX 8 it is unclear what role remains for the aircraft, which is expected to have a very limited future."
Of the other members of the MAX family, it described the MAX 7 as "a niche product when performance and range is required. The market shift away from smaller variants has been driven by several factors, including unit price and the focus of the LCCs on larger models. A change in pricing strategy could stimulate further demand.
"The 737 MAX 8 remains the heart of the MAX family and a key target for investors. The aircraft has maintained its cash operating cost (COC) advantage over the A320neo on a per seat and trip basis, although only by a small margin.
"The 737 MAX 10 will complete the MAX family and will be a much improved competitor compared to the MAX 9. It will be a capable seat cost machine for operators looking to grow beyond the 737- 800 and 737 MAX 8. However, it will some have airfield performance limitations. The A321neo will remain the high density seat cost leader in this market."
Avolon added that, to date, 54% of Boeing 737 New Generation operators that had previously ordered new aircraft directly from Boeing did not have commitments for the 737 MAX. "With delivery slots unavailable, pent-up demand exists which supports the placement of lessors' speculative orders."
Alan Dron email@example.com


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 1, 1975
|Filing date
|Nov 12, 1973
|Priority date
|Nov 13, 1972
|Publication number
|Ichikawa Akira
|Original Assignee
|Hitachi Ltd
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (39), Classifications (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
Untied States Patent 1 1 1111 3,892,919 Ichikawa July 1, 1975 [5 1 SPEECH SYNTHESIS SYSTEM 3.369.077 2/1968 French 179/1.5 M
4 2 4 [75] Inventor: Akira lchikawa, Kokubunji, Japan L496 H972 Slaw 3 OM48 [73] Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd., Japan Primary ExaminerKathleen H. Claffy I Assistant ExaminerE S1 Matt Kemeny [22] Fllcd' 1973 Attorney, Agent, or FirmCraig & Antonelli [21] App]. No: 414,746
[57] ABSTRACT [30] Foreign Application Priority Data In a system in which a plurality of previously recorded N v, 13 1972 Japan 47412995 waveforms corresponding to phonetic elements separately picked up from natural voice and having a pitch 52 0.8. (:1 179/1 SM; 179/1 SM g are connected to form y required p [51} Int. Cl. Gl0l 1/00 h gr ion in he quality f he ynthesized [58] Field of Search l79/1 SM; speech due to he i c in i y n h veform of the 340/143 152 synthesized speech is prevented by so controlling the period of reading out each phonetic element as to [56] References Cit d change the period stepwise at intervals of several pho- UNITED netic elements (i pitch lCllglhS).
2,771,509 ll/l956 Dudley l79/l.5 M 3 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures SPEECH SYNTHESIS SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a speech synthesis system and more particularly to a system in which a sound wave extracted from natural voice and having about a pitch length is used as a phonetic segment or speech segment and in which the phonetic segments previously stored are selectively connected at controlled periods due to control signals corresponding to a required word or a sentence to be synthesized.
2. Description of the Prior Art In recent years, the information service system which connects data processing devices such as electronic computors with communication lines such as telephones, has been developed. In such a system, a remote subscribers question sent through a communication line is received by a central signal processing device which stores large information and the device prepares an answer for the question and sends it back to the subscriber, the answer being in the form of sound like human voice.
In this system. the most important is the speech synthesis part which makes an answer in the form of voice.
The requirements for the speech synthesis part. however, are as follows: I the synthesized speech must be as near the human voice as possible; the production cost must be low; and the system incorporating the part therein must permit multiple uses, that is, the part must be able to generate a plurality of speech at a time.
In a conventional speech synthesis system which is rather satisfactory from the standpoint of the above mentioned requirements. a plurality of sound waveforms each having a pitch length are previously prepared so as to be used as speech sound waveforms, i.e. speech segments, and the speech segments are selectively connected due to control signals corresponding to words or sentences to be synthesized.
This conventional system is rather cheap since any desired speech can be synthesized by connecting speech segments each having a waveform of a pitch length so that the number of the stored speech segments is relatively small. The speech segments can be read out rapidly. that is, the access time is very short, so that the multiple synthesis of speech is possible.
Moreover, the read-out time of a speech segment, that is. the length of the waveform of the speech segment can be controlled so that the pitch of the synthesized speech can also be controlled.
Although the conventional system has several merits as mentioned above, it has also been revealed by the inventors experiments that the speech synthesized by the conventional system suffers from hoarse noises and that the vocal quality thereof is very poor. The cause of such a drawback is as follows. Namely, in this speech synthesis system, connected speech is formed by connecting the waveforms of speech segments and there fore a discontinuity, i.e. rapid change in amplitude, is caused in the junction portion between any two adjacent waveforms of speech segments and such discontinuities appear every pitch period (equal to the fundamental period of speech and having an audible range of frequencies) to generate hoarse noises in synthesized speech.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to improve the quality of the synthesized speech produced by a speech synthesis system in which a plurality of speech sound waveforms, each having a pitch length. to be used as speech segments are recorded and these speech segments are selectively connected to form synthesized speech.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a speech synthesis system in which a plurality of speech sound waveforms, each having a pitch length. to be used as speech segments are recorded and these speech segments are selectively connected to form synthesized speech, and in which the pitch control of speech sounds is simplified so that the system can be economically fabricated Without deterioration in the vocal quality of the synthesized speech.
According to the present invention. which has been made to attain the above objects, in a speech synthesizing system in which speech segments, each having a pitch length, are selectively connected to synthesize desired speech, the time of reading out each speech segment, that is, the wavelength of each speech segment of synthesized speech is stepwise changed at intervals of several speech segments. Namely, the waveforms of speech segments read out are changed at intervals of one fifth of a syllable to a full syllable. Therefore. the system according to the present invention can produce synthesized speech softer to ear than that produced by a conventional speech synthesis system in which the length of the waveform of every speech segment is controlled individually.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be made apparent when one reads the following part of the specification with the aid of the attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. I is an oscillographic representation of a monosyllable speech sound waveform.
FIG. 2 shows the modes of variations in the pitch frequency of monosyllable speech sounds in various pronounciations.
FIG. 3 shows the variations in the pitch frequency of one word.
FIGS. 4A and 4B show waveforms illustrating the discontinuities resulting from the connection of separate speech segments.
FIG. 5 shows the variation in pitch frequency of the synthesized speech formed by the speech synthesizing system according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a speech synthesis system embodying the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In FIG. I, the waveform of a monosyllable speech sound is shown in a rectangular coordinate system in which the abscissa represents the time base and the ordinatc gives the amplitude of waveform. As seen from FIG. I, the waveform of the monosyllable speech sound consists of an irregular portion C like that of a consonant and a periodical portion V like that ofa vowel. Especially. every syllable of the Japanese speech is composed of a single consonant followed by a single vowel or of a single vowel. And about one hundred different syllables can make up all the speech sounds covering the entire vocabulary of the Japanese language. Of the portions of the waveform shown in FIG. I, the more important is the periodical portion v which occupies most part of the monosyllable speech sound waveform and forms the factors of the pitch, intonation and tone (indicating the kind of syllable) of the speech sound.
Namely. the pitch or intonation of the speech sound depends mainly on the repetition periods T T T i.e. the pitch period, while the tone is determined by the frequency characteristic of the periodical portion V. The pitch period is usually l() to milliseconds.
FIG. 2 shows the variation in the pitch frequency (de fined as the reciprocal of the pitch period) with time of the monosyllable speech sound shown in FIG, I. In FIG. 2, the abscissa and the ordinate respectively represent the time base and the pitch frequency, When a monosyllable speech sound is individually pronounced, it has a characteristic curve I convex up as shown in FIG. 2. However, when the same speech sound is pronounced in a word or sentence, it may assume charac teristic curves 2, 3 and 4 corresponding respectively to level, rising and falling intonation, depending upon the position it assumes in the word or sentence or upon the kind of word or sentence.
Accordingly, in case where the convected speech sounds corresponding to a desired word or sentence are formed by connecting together the prerecorded speech segments, Le. speech sound waveforms obtained by dividing the waveform of the monosyllable speech sound as shown in FIG. 1, pronounced in a manner corresponding to the curve I in FIG. 2, into units, each having a pitch length, the discontinuities are formed in the junction points between the unit waveforms, ie. speech segment waveforms, the discontinuities being the por tions where the amplitudes of the waveform rapidly change,
Such discontinuities will be described in further de tail. FIG. 3 shows the variation in pitch frequency with time of the speech sound corresponding to a word, in which the abscissa and the ordinate respectively represent the time base and the pitch frequency. In FIG. 3, curve 5 indicates the mode of the variation in pitch frequency of natural speech sound corresponding to a word to be synthesized, while curve 6 shows the mode of the variation in the pitch frequency of the monosyl lable speech sound corresponding to the curve I in FIG. 2. The abscissa is divided into pronounciation intervals r r t of the monosyllable sounds, Accordingly, in order that the speech sound having a pitch frequency characteristic corresponding to the curve 5 may be composed of speech segments obtained from the natural voice having a pitch frequency characteris tic corresponding to the curve 6, the length of the waveform ofeach speech segment, i.e pitch period, has to be controlled. Therefore, if the waveforms of the speech segments having pitch periods T T T as in FIG. I are connected and synthesized into connected speech having pitch periods longer or shorter than those periods T T T;, and T then the disconti nuities 7 are formed in the junction portion of the respective speech segment waveforms as shown in FIGS. 4A and 48. FIG. 4A corresponds to the case where the synthesized speech has a pitch frequency higher than that of the original natural voice from which the speech segment waveforms are obtained and has a pitch period shorter than that of the natural voice. FIG. 48. on the other hand, corresponds to the case where the synthesized spcech has a pitch frequency lower than that of the original natural voice and a pitch period longer than that of the original natural voice. The dicontinuities 7 thus resulted deteriorate the vocal quality of the synthesized speech and also generate hoarse noises.
In order to eliminate the influence of the discontinuities. a special treatment of waveforms must be introduced. According to the present invention, the degradation of the vocal quality due to the discontinuities can be prevented since the way of the pitch control in the speech control system is improved, and moreover a system can be realized in which the pitch control is further simplified by making the best use of the merits of the speech synthesizing system in which speech segments are connected to form synthesized speech.
Namely, as shown in FIG. 5, the pitch frequency or the pitch period of the synthesized speech is changed stepwise at intervals of a quarter of a syllable to a full syllable, It is empirically verified that the synthesized speech having a pitch frequency characteristic corre sponding to a staircurve 8 indicated by dotted line FIG. 5, has a vocal quality superior to that having a pitch fre quency characteristic indicated by a solid curve 5 in FIG. 5. In this case, it is needless to perform the pitch control for every speech segment and since the pitch periods of the successive speech segments are all the same, the pitch control system of the speech synthesis system is simplified.
In the following, the present invention will be described by way of a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a concrete structure of a speech synthesis system embodying the present invention.
First, a speech segment memory 32 is described for convenience sake. In the memory 32, the speech sound waveforms of all the syllables necessary for the speech synthesis are stored in a high speed memory device such as a core memory. Each syllable in the mem ory consists of time-sequentially arranged speech segments constituting a waveform as shown in FIG. I and the waveform of each speech segment has an address allotted to indicate its location in the memory, In a monosyllable, serial numbers are allotted to the addresses of the speech segment waveforms arranged in time-sequence. Therefore, the first address is used as a syllable address to represent the syllable.
Each speech segment waveform is obtained by sampling the speech sound waveform shown in FIG. 1 at 8KI-I2 and each of the sampled signal is coded into an 8-bit signal. The period at which one speech segment, i.e. wave portion within T T T or T in FIG. 1, is recorded is 10 to 20 msec, Namely, the period is set equal to the maximum one of the pitch periods of speech sounds to be synthesized.
A series of code signals, each representing one syllable, to constitute speech to be synthesized are received at a terminal 9 and fed through an input-output control circuit 10 to a data processing circuit 11. For example, code signals corresponding to the syllables YO, KO, HA and MA constituting the name of a famous port city of Japan, are applied to the circuit II. The device to generate such code signals is not within the scope of this invention and not shown in the figure, but the device is equivalent to the conventional automatic response system, being designed to form data for answers to preset questions and to connect the code signals according to the arrangement of words corresponding to those answers.
The data processing circuit ll interprets the code signals according to the predetermined program and generates signals instructing and controlling the operations of the respective parts of the speech synthesizing apparatus described later.
The operation of the circuit 11 will be described in further detail. Judging from the series of code signals, the circuit 11 generates speech segment information, pitch information and syllable time information according to a reference table.
The speech segment information is, for example, the address of the first speech segment of a syllable stored in the speech segment memory 32 described above; the pitch information is the information indicated by dotted curve 8 in FIG. 5, that is, the number indicating how many samples, counted from the first one, of the speech segments stored in the memory 32 is to be read out; and the syllable time information is the time information representing r, to I in FIG. 5, that is, the number of samples to be read out within the time of one syllable.
The data processing circuit to perform such processing as described above may be designed especially for the present invention but a general purpose computer can be used as such a circuit so that the details thereof is omitted.
The three kinds of information are respectively stored as time-sequential signals in a syllable address buffer memory 14, a pitch time buffer memory l5 and a syllable time buffer memory 16 ofa speech synthesizing apparatus 13. The speech synthesizing apparatus 13 consists of a part to select speech segments necessary to synthesize connected speech according to the speech segment information, a part to determine the pitch periods of the speech segments according to the pitch information and a part to determine the times allotted to syllables according to the syllable time infor mation.
Next, the operations of the respective components of the speech synthesizing apparatus 13 will be described.
The address data of the syllable address memory 14 are transferred one by one to a segment address memory 17, in response to an external signal and simultaneously the data in the syllable address memory 14 is shifted forward to cause the address of the next syllable to come to the head position. Namely, the memory 14 and the memory 17 may be considered to form a shift register. Also, the combination of the pitch time buffer memory 15 and a pitch time memory or of the syllable time buffer memory l6 and a syllable time memory may be also considered to form a shift register.
With the circuit arrangement as described above, the address signal of the first speech segment of a syllable stored in the segment memory 17 is applied to a read out circuit 29 so that a series of sampled values constituting the segment are sequentially read out in synchronism with clock pulses from a clock signal generator 20. The number of the readout samples is detected by counting the clock pulses by a pitch counter 22. When the content of the pitch counter 22 coincides with the pitch time data set in the pitch memory. a coincidence circuit 25 detects the instant of coincidence to deliver a coincidence pulse. The coincidence pulse serves not only to reset the pitch counter 22 but also to shift a segment address counter 21 step by stepv The output of the shifted segment address counter 21 is applied to the segment address memory 17 to read out the next speech segment from the speech segment memory 32, in the same manner as described above. Thereafter. the same operation of reading out the sampled values is repeated on. The coincidence pulse also resets the counter 23 at the same time.
On the other hand, the time counter 23 also counts the clock pulses, and when the content of the time counter 23 coincides with the syllable time data (that is, the number of sampling points occurring within a time during which the pitch frequency in one syllable remain the same, as described above) set in the syllable memory 19, a coincidence circuit 26 detects the instant of coincidence to deliver a coincidence pulse at the instant.
The coincidence pulse serves not only to transfer or shift the foremost pitch time data of the pitch time buffer memory 15 to the pitch time memory 18, but also to shift a syllable counter 24 step by step. When the content of the syllable counter 24 coincides with the step number recorded in a step number memory 23, a coincidence circuit 27 detects the instant of coincidence to deliver a coincidence pulse. The coincidence pulse resets the counter 24 and is also applied to the syllable address buffer memory 14 and the syllable time buffer memory 16 so that the control information for the syllable to be next synthesized, i.e. segment address and time data for the syllable, is transferred respectively to the memory 17 and the memory 19. The step number stored in the step number memory refers to the number of steps occurring within a time of one syllable when the pitch frequency is changed stepwise as shown in FIG. 5. In case of FIG. 5, the number of steps is three. As has been revealed from the experiments by the inventors, it is where the number of steps is three that the deterioration of the vocal quality of the synthesized speech due to the waveform discontinuities is reduced to the minimum. However, the number of steps need not be limited necessarily to 3 but may be 4 to 0, that is, the pitch frequency of the synthesized speech sounds may be varied at intervals of a quarter ofa syllable or a full syllable.
The output signal obtained from the read out circuit 29 as a result of the operations as described above is equivalent to a signal obtained by subjecting the signal waveform shown in FIG. 4A or 43 to pulse code modulation since the speech synthesizing circuit 13 consists of digital circuits. The signal is then converted to an analog signal through an digital-to-analog converter 30 and the analog signal is finally converted to a speech sound signal or audible voice through an electroacoustic transducer 31. In this case, the digital-toanalog converter 30 and the electro acoustic trans ducer 31 are connected by such a transmission line as a telephone which electrically connects a remote subscriber with the central information service system.
The speech synthesis system shown in FIG. 6 has been described as applied to the case where the speech sounds only for one channel are synthesized. It is, however, a matter of course that since the whole system is composed of digital signal treating circuits and the speech segments are stored in such a memory as a core memory capable of high speed access then the system can be easily constructed in a multichannel arrangement as known in the field of the art.
Namely, such an arrangement for multichannel purpose can be realized if the input-output control circuit 10, the data processing circuit 1] and the speech segment memory 32 are used commonly and ifthe number of the speech synthesizing apparatuses 13 is increased according to the number of channels required.
Moreover, the speech segments stored in the speech segment memory may be obtained by directly extracting the components from the natural human voice or by artificially treating the waveforms of the human speech sounds I claim:
1. A speech synthesis system comprising:
a speech segment memory which stores a plurality of speech segments;
a synthesizing apparatus, coupled to said speech segment memory, including first means for selecting desired speech segments from said speech segment memory,
second means, coupled to said first means, for controlling the pitch period of each of said desired speech segments, so as to change the pitch frequency of the synthesized speech step-wise, and
third means, coupled to said first means and said second means, for connecting the desired pitch controlled speech segments together.
2. A speech synthesis system according to claim I, wherein said second means includes means for adjust ing the intervals of the stepwise change between a quar ter of a syllable and a full syllable.
3. A speech synthesis system comprising: a, a data processing circuit to convert code signals representative of the syllables of words to be synthesized into control signals for speech synthesis; b, a speech segment memory to store speech segments each having a waveform of about a pitch length; c. a speech synthesizing apparatus, coupled to said data processing circuit and to said speech segment memory, and including first means for selecting desired speech segments in said speech segment memory second means, coupled to said first means. for controlling the read time of each of the selected speech segments, so as to change the pitch period of the synthesized speech stepwise at intervals of a quarter of a syllable to a full syllable and,
third means, coupled to said first means and to said second means, for synthesizing speech sound waveform signals by connecting the selected and pitch controlled speech segment signals together, in response to the control signals from the data processing circuit; and
d. an electro-acoustic converting device, coupled to said speech segment memory and said speech synthesizing apparatus, for converting the speech sound waveform signals into corresponding speech sounds,
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|Mar 22, 2012
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Determining pitch cycle energy and scaling an excitation signal
|Apr 2, 1979
|Jun 28, 1984
|Western Electric Co
|Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Synthetisierung von Sprache
|Dec 17, 1982
|Jun 30, 1983
|Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
|Verfahren zur zusammensetzung einer stimmenanalyse
|Feb 11, 1982
|Aug 18, 1982
|Eberhard Dr.-Ing. Grossmann
|Method for speech synthesizing with unlimited vocabulary, and arrangement for realizing the same
|Feb 11, 1982
|Sep 8, 1982
|Heinrich-Hertz-Institut Fur Nachrichtentechnik Berlin Gmbh
|Method for speech synthesizing with unlimited vocabulary, and arrangement for realizing the same
|Dec 4, 1984
|May 21, 1986
|First Byte
|Real-time text-to-speech conversion system
|Dec 4, 1984
|Dec 8, 1986
|First Byte
|Real-time text-to-speech conversion system.
|Apr 2, 1979
|Nov 15, 1979
|Western Electric Co
|Voice synthesizer
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Banking & Finance Law involves individuals and businesses in transactions with federal and state-chartered financial institutions -- including issues related to bank accounts, negotiable instruments, loans, interest rates, regulatory compliance, taxes, and more. Banking and finance law applies to those individuals and institutions that lend or borrow money. Lenders typically include banks, leasing companies, finance companies and other financial institutions. Borrowers are individuals, corporations, institutions or the government.
Cibecue is a census-designated place (CDP) in Navajo County, Arizona, United States. The population was 1,331 at the 2000 census. The current council leaders are Arnold Beach Sr. and Evangeline Gatewood. The Cibecue community has a high unemployment rate, which was exacerbated by the Rodeo-Chediski fire, Arizona's largest wildfire in recorded history. The main employer for the community is the school.
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Lucky Peak Loop Trail is a 13.5 mile moderately trafficked loop trail located near Boise, Idaho that features beautiful wild flowers and is rated as difficult. The trail offers a number of activity options and is best used from March until October. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on leash.
dogs on leash
mountain biking
nature trips
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wild flowers
hiking27 days ago
Always wanted to go from Warm Springs road to the timber in the mountains. Very rewarding hike.
1 month ago
Great trail nice overlook of Boise definitely hard nice incline
hikingWednesday, March 05, 2014
Really close to Boise and very beautiful. I saw a cool photo on 500px that made it look awesome so I went and checked it out during sunset. Very cool spot. I'd love to do the rest of the trail. We only traveled about a mile or two because it got too dark to continue.


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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major nosocomial pathogen that causes a variety of infections and toxicoses. In recent years, the percentage of rifampicin-resistant S. aureus has increased rapidly in China. The aims of this study were to analyze 1) the level of rifampicin resistance in S. aureus and its correlation with mutations in the rpoB gene, and 2) the molecular characterization of rifampicin-resistant S. aureus isolates.
88 rifampicin-resistant S. aureus isolates were collected for this study. Of the 88 isolates, 83 (94.3%) were high-level rifampicin resistant (MIC≥8 mg/L) while the remaining 5 isolates (5.7%) had a low-level resistance to rifampicin (MIC, 2 to 4 mg/L). Four amino acid substitutions were found in the 88 isolates, which were 481His/Asn (95.5%), 466Leu/Ser (87.5%), 477Ala/Asp (6.8%) and 486Ser/Leu (4.5%) respectively. All mutations were found to be present in cluster I of the rpoB gene. The low-level resistant isolates were found to have only one mutation, while the high-level resistant isolates had at least two or more mutations. The most common multiple mutations were 481His/Asn+466Leu/Ser(92.8%,77/83). The other multiple mutations found were 481His/Asn+477Ala/Asp (6.0%,5/83), and 481His/Asn+466Leu/Ser+477Ala/Asp (1.2%,1/83). Out of 28 high-level rifampicin-resistant S. aureus isolates, three molecular types were found, namely, ST239-MRSA-III-spa t030 (25/28, 89.3%), ST239-MRSA-III-spa t021 (2/28, 7.1%), and ST239-MRSA-III-spa t045 (1/28, 3.6%).
Rifampicin resistance in S. aureus was closely associated with mutations in the rpoB gene. High-level rifampicin-resistant S. aureus is one of the most important features in Anhui Provincial Hospital, and high-level rifampicin resistance in S. aureus is associated with multiple mutations of rpoB gene. The prevalence of high-level rifampicin-resistant S. aureus in Anhui may be associated with the spread of the ST239-MRSA III-spa t030 clone.
S. aureus is one of the most prevalent and clinically significant pathogens worldwide, which causes a variety of illnesses, ranging from minor infections of the skin to life-threatening infections with bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome [1]. With the increased use of antimicrobial agents in health care settings, multi-resistant S. aureus isolates have appeared and become the most common cause of nosocomial and community infections around the world [2]. Vancomycin is one of the selective drugs for MRSA infections. However, because of poor tissue diffusion and high toxicity, it is often combined with rifampicin for deep-seated infections such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis [3].
The frequency of the rifampicin-resistant (RIF-R) S.aureus isolates have rapidly increased. In China, the percentage of RIF-R MRSA isolates was only 15.5% in 2004 and rapidly increased to 50.2% in 2008 [4]. However, no information regarding the molecular mechanism of rifampicin resistance in S. aureus has been available in China. The objectives of the present study were to analyze 1) mutations in the rpoB gene that contributed to rifampicin resistance and 2) the molecular mechanisms of RIF-R S. aureus in Anhui Provincial Hospital.
Anhui Provincial Hospital, which founded in 1898, is a major regional hospital located in the capital of Anhui Province. It is a nearly 1300-bed tertiary care teaching centre. Anhui Provincial Hospital provides healthcare services to patients from Anhui, Henan and Shandong provinces, and the average number of outpatients is about two million per year. It is also the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Anhui Province Medical postgraduate training base of Shandong University.
Two hundred and eighty-three S. aureus were isolated from clinical specimens in the Microbiology Department of Anhui Provincial Hospital from January 2008 to December 2008. Eighty-eight RIF-R S. aureus isolates were re-identified by the disk diffusion method and used for the present study. The RIF-R S. aureus isolates represented 31% of all S. aureus isolates in 2008. The origin of the strains was mainly from respiratory samples and also from blood cultures, catheter-related sites, Urine samples, wound swabs, respiratory samples and exudates. Oral informed consent was given by all patients before taking the clinical specimen. The S. aureus isolates were re-identified by Gram's staining, microscopic examination, coagulase testing and catalase testing. MRSA was initially screened by the cefoxitin disk diffusion method, and then confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting mecA.
Two hundred and eighty-three S. aureus susceptibility to penicillin (10 units), ampicillin/sulbactam (10/10μg), cefazolin (30μg), vancomycin (30μg), erythromycin (15μg), clindamycin (2μg), rifampicin (5μg), linezolid (30μg), mupirocin (5μg), quinupristin/dalfopristin (15μg), tetracycline (30μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75μg), gentamicin (10μg), ciprofloxacin (5μg), and levofloxacin (5μg) were determined by using the disk diffusion method in accordance with standards recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) [5]. Reference strain ATCC25923 was used for quality control. MICs of rifampicin for all S. aureus isolates were further determined by the agar dilution method [5], and S. aureus ATCC 29213 and E.coli ATCC25922 were designated as RIF-S and RIF-R controls, respectively. According to the CLSI criteria [5], isolates were interpreted as RIF-S (MIC≤1 mg/L) and RIF-R (MIC≥4 mg/L) isolates.
Total DNA from S. aureus was purified and used as a template for amplification by PCR. An internal gene sequence of 432 bp (nucleotides 1216 to 1648), was amplified by PCR. This region included the rifampicin resistance-determining cluster I (nucleotides 1384–1464, amino acid number 462–488) and cluster II (nucleotides 1543–1590, amino acid number 515–530). The amplification was carried out in 88 RIF-R strains. Amplification was carried out as previously described [6]. The PCR products were purified and analyzed by DNA sequencing. The nucleotide sequences obtained were compared to the rpoB wild type sequence from S.aureus subsp. aureus (GenBank accession number: X64172) using the clustalw software(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/tools/clustalw/index.html).
SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates was performed using eight unique and specific pairs of primers for SCCmec types and subtypes I, II, III, IV and V as described previously [7].
The staphylococcus protein A (spa) variable repeat region from each MRSA isolate was amplified by simplex PCR oligonucleotide primers as previously described [8,9]. Purified spa PCR products were sequenced, and spa types were assigned by using the spa database website (http://www.ridom.de/spaserver).
MLST of MRSA isolates was conducted through amplification of internal fragments of seven housekeeping genes of S.aureus as described previously [10]. Following purification and sequencing of these genes, allele quantification and sequence typing were assigned using a well-characterized online database (http:// saureus.mlst.net/).
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method revealed that all RIF-R S.aureus isolates were MRSA and were resistant to β-lactam, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, gentamycin and tetracycline. Of the S.aureus isolates, 88.6% were resistant to clindamycin. Isolates also displayed low levels of resistance to sulfamethoxazole (9.1%), quinupristin (2.3%). There were no vancomycin-resistant S.aureus isolates in our study.
Among the 88 RIF-R MRSA isolates, 83 isolates showed high-level rifampicin resistance (MIC ≥8 mg/L) and 5 isolates showed low-level rifampicin resistance (MICs 2 to 4 mg/L) [3,11]. Four amino acid substitutions were found in 88 RIF-R isolates. Results are shown in Table Table1.1. Mutation at 481His/Asn was the most common and found in 95.5% of RIF-R isolates. Mutation 466Leu/Ser was found in 87.5% of isolates. The remaining mutations included 477Ala/Asp (6.8%) and 486Ser/Leu (4.5%). Five low-level resistant isolates had only one mutation, while 83 high-level resistant isolates had two or more mutations. The single mutation 481His/Asn and 486Ser/Leu were conferring low-level rifampicin resistance. Two mutations, 481His/Asn+466Leu/Ser, were the most common multiple mutations found in 92.8% (77/83) of samples. The remaining multiple mutated clones consisted of 481His/Asn+477Ala/Asp (6.0%, 5/83) and 481His/Asn+466Leu/Ser+477Ala/Asp (1.2% and 1/83, respectively).
SCCmec typing, MLST and spa typing were carried out in the 28 high-level RIF-R MRSA strains. Results are shown in Table Table2.2. The majority (n =25, 89.3%) belonged to a common molecular type, ST239-MRSAIII-spa t030. The remaining molecular types were identified as ST239-MRSA-III-spa t021 (2/28, 7.1%) and ST239-MRSA-III-spa t045 (1/28, 3.6%).
Multiresistance and high infection rates are common features of S .aureus and are growing problems in hospital settings. The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus nosocomial isolates is currently explained by intensive use of topical and systemic antimicrobial agents in health care settings, which represents a highly selective pressure for antibiotic-resistant bacterial clones [12]. In particular, MRSA strains showed high resistance rates to various antibiotics [13]. The proportion of MRSA isolates has increased in recent years. In China, surveillance data of bacterial resistance in 1998–1999 showed that the percentage of MRSA was 37.4% [14] and rapidly reached 51.7% in 2010 [4].
Rifampicin is an antibiotic of significant interest in the rise of MRSA infections. A combination therapy, with an antibiotic such as vancomycin often is required to reach deep-seated infections effectively. Rifampicin acts by interacting specifically with bacterial RNA polymerase encoded by the gene rpoB[15]. Rifampicin resistance emerges easily in S. aureus, in particular in methicillin-resistant Strains [3].The prevalence of RIF-R MRSA has risen rapidly in the past few years and remains at a high resistance rate. In China, the data obtained from the surveillance of bacterial resistance showed that the percentage of RIF-R MRSA was 15.5% in 2004 and rapidly reached 49.6% by 2006. The percentage remained high from 2006 to 2009 [4]. Obviously, the nature of RIF-R MRSA isolates represents a therapeutic challenge for treating serious MRSA infections. Most RIF-R MRSA isolates were high-level resistant in our study and the percentage was found to be 94.3%. In fact, it was higher than the rate reported in some European countries, such as Spain, which had a rate of 3.7% (4/108) in 2010 [6]. There were two reasons that could explain the difference between the Rif-R rate in China compared to other countries. One possibility was the intensive use of some antimicrobial agents in health care settings in China such as quinolones, which not only could lead to the selection of multi-resistant nosocomial isolates of S. aureus, but also potentially induce endogenous, resistance-conferring mutations in bacterial genes that encode drug targets. A second possibility might be that the prevalence of MRSA clones in China was different from European countries.
For a variety of bacteria, such as E. coli [16], Mycobacterium tuberculosis [17] and S .aureus[3], the main mutations responsible for rifampicin resistance were in a particular region encompassing a few hundred nucleotides called the rifampicin resistance-determining region (RRDR). In S. aureus the RRDR was divided into two clusters which were designated cluster I (nucleotides 1384–1464, amino acids 462–488) and cluster II (nucleotides 1543–1590, amino acids 515–530). As described in previous studies, the two clusters were also both closely associated with rifampicin resistance [3,18].
Here, we have amplified and sequenced portions of rpoB from RIF-R S.aureus isolates. All four amino acid substitutions we identified were present in cluster I. Mutation 481His/Asn was the most prevalent one. The majority (n = 84, 96%) of the 88 RIF-R MRSA isolates harbored the amino acid substitution 481His/Asn, which was in line with previous reports [3,19]. Our results further confirm that 481His/Asn has a major impact on the occurrence and development of rifampicin resistance in S. aureus. High-level rifampicin resistance may also be attributed to additional mutations within rpoB, as previously described [20]. The additional mutations we found were 466Leu/Ser and 477Ala/Asp. Isolates containing multiple mutations, 481His/Asn and 466Leu/Ser,were reported by other studies, which also showed high-level rifampicin resistance [18,19]. Mutational changes at amino acid position 477 have also been reported by several groups [3,6,18], but the mutation rate was low and the types of amino acid substitutions which arose were different.
MRSA infections have been caused by a relatively small number of epidemic MRSA clones. As described in previous studies, the two major epidemic MRSA clones identified in China from 2005 to 2006 were ST239-MRSA III and ST5-MRSA II [21]. A pandemic MRSA clone ST239, which was found to be derived from ST8 and ST30 parental strains through simple chromosome replacement instead of movement of mobile genetic elements, was first found in Brazil and widely spread throughout the world [22]. In Asia and in China, ST239 accounted for 97% of nosocomial MRSA infections [23]. ST239-MRSA III was also the major clone found in our study. Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is a cell wall anchored virulence factor [24]. Our research shows that most strains with RIF-R S. aureus belong to ST239-MRSAIII-spa t030, a situation in accordance with Chen et al. [25]. Their research showed t030 was up to 89.6% of MRSA in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) in 2002. In addition, t030 was also found to be rifampicin resistant by Chen et al., which was the main difference with t037. Our results are in line with these reports. These findings indicate that ST239-MRSAIII-spa t030 strains, associated with high-level rifampicin resistance, have spread in Anhui Provincial Hospital. Therefore, bacterial resistance surveillance and the control of hospital infections should take these findings into consideration in order to prevent and limit the spread of high-level rifampicin resistant S. aureus.
Most RIF-R MRSA isolates were high-level resistant in our study. Rifampicin-resistance in S .aureus is closely associated with mutations which occur in the rpoB gene. ST239- MRSA III-spa t030 strains, which was associated with the high-level rifampicin resistance, has spread in Anhui Provincial Hospital.
We have no any Competing interests. Our manuscript doesn't involve any ethical issues.
WZ, XM conceived the study and participated in its design. YD, HL participated in field and clinical aspects of the study. WZ carried out laboratory work. WS, WZ drafted the manuscript. XM, WS, WZ, XZ, WC edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
This research was supported by a grant from the 2010 Natural science foundation of Anhui Province 11040606M205. We are also grateful to Jilu Shen and Feng Hu (First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University) for providing some of the control strains included in this study.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Springfield Thunderbirds
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|Thursday, May 05, 2005
by Mike Adams, the Health Ranger
Editor of NaturalNews.com (See all articles...)
Tags: bad medicine, organized medicine, western medicine
Truth #1: Prescription drugs only mask symptoms. They do nothing to correct the underlying biochemical causes of disease. Simultaneously, most prescription drugs cause nutritional deficiencies which lead to further progression of chronic disease.
See http://www.newstarget.com/001352.html
Lie #2: You should actively treat the swelling of sprains, strains and other injuries.
Truth #2: Swelling is your body's natural strategy for enhancing the flow of blood and nutrients to the injured area. If drugs or hormones are used to prevent swelling, the injured tissues won't heal correctly, greatly increasing the likelihood of repeat injuries to the same area.
Lie #3: Mammograms prevent cancer.
Truth #3: Mammograms actually cause cancer. They dose the breast tissues with harmful radiation. Even when they spot breast cancer tumors, they aren't "preventing" breast cancer; they're merely detecting breast cancer. True prevention requires changes in food choice and lifestyle, not the use of imaging technology. See http://www.newstarget.com/000895.html
Lie #4: Vitamins give you "expensive urine."
Truth #4: The most expensive urine in the world is created by taking multiple overpriced prescription drugs, not vitamins. With more than 40% of the U.S. population now on prescription drugs, the drug content in human urine is now so high that trace amounts of antidepressant drugs can be found in public water supplies. Compared to drugs, vitamins are cheap prevention.
See http://www.newstarget.com/001891.html
Lie #5: The sun will give you cancer.
Truth #5: The sun will prevent cancer due to the creation of vitamin D by the skin. Most Americans (and Canadians and Europeans, for that matter) are deficient in vitamin D. As a result, tumor cell growth in the breast and prostate is unregulated. Sensible exposure to natural sunlight generates cancer-preventing vitamin D... at no charge! Sunburns are actually caused by nutritional deficiencies (lack of antioxidants in the skin), not by sensible exposure to sunlight.
See http://www.newstarget.com/Vitamin_D.html
Lie #6: CT scans (CAT scans) are perfectly safe.
Truth #6: CT scans expose patients to 1000 times the radiation of chest X-rays. Repeated exposure to CT scans raises a patient's cumulative radiation to levels experienced by many hydrogen bomb victims in Hiroshima. In addition, rigorous studies have concluded that CT scans offer no medical benefit whatsoever. See http://www.newstarget.com/004060.html
Lie #7: The U.S. health care system is the best in the world.
Truth #7: The health of U.S. citizens is actually the worst of any industrialized nation. We pay double, triple, and even quadruple the price for prescription drugs as any other country. We also have the highest rates of obesity, Alzheimer's, cancer and diabetes, plus the highest health insurance costs in the world. The U.S. health care system ("sick care system") is so bad that people are fleeing the country to seek medical services in Asia. It's a trend called "medical tourism," and it's flourishing.
See http://www.newstarget.com/007097.html
Lie #8: All surgical procedures have been proven safe and effective.
Truth #8: There is currently NO requirement whatsoever that surgical procedures must be either safe or effective in order to be practiced. Hundreds of thousands of medically unnecessary surgical procedures are performed each year in the U.S. alone, including hysterectomies and prostate cancer surgeries.
See http://www.newstarget.com/002608.html
Lie #9: You can get all the nutrition you need from three balanced meals a day.
Truth #9: Today's foods are nutrient depleted, and they come from depleted soils. Processed and manufactured foods would have to be eaten at the rate of 10,000 calories a day just to meet minimum RDA requirements for basic nutrition. The only way to get adequate nutrition is to supplement with superfoods or whole food concentrates (vitamins, whole food powders, supplement capsules, etc.) along with eating healthy meals. Organizations like the AHA, however, insist that nutrient supplementation is actually bad for your health.
See http://www.newstarget.com/001587.html
Lie #10: All these lab tests are for your own good.
Truth #10: At least half of all diagnostic tests ordered by doctors are medically unnecessary. They're often conducted merely to generate revenues for the hospital or medical group that owns the doctor's clinic. Some doctors are actually required to generate a certain dollar amount of lab test revenues in order to keep their jobs.
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Create an Account - Increase your productivity, customize your experience, and engage in information you care about.
Spring of 2016 marked the beginning of a three-year comprehensive Road Resurfacing Program. The work consists of a six million project over three years that will resurface 67 lane miles of local roads and 15 lane miles of arterial roads.
The first step of this project is to repair or replace damaged curb, gutters and driveway approaches. Residents whose properties are in need of one or more of these repairs will receive a letter detailing what needs to be repaired or replaced. Once the repairs are completed, the street paving program will follow.
Here are the list of streets scheduled to be paved in 2017


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1915 Free Printables
Added on January 23, 2017
Let's connect the dinosaurs. Find the big dinosaur on the left and draw a line to the hatching egg in the center. Now find the baby dinosaur on the right hand side and draw a line. Can you name the different kinds of dinosaurs?
More "Animals/Insects" resources.


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Archive for May, 2014
Friendship Train Bound for France
Today, we see 'tweets' that circle the globe in rapid fashion; and we see causes garner attention and galvanize action through YouTube and Facebook posts that shine the spotlight on people or places in need. Well before those popular social media outlets existed, there was a columnist and broadcaster that soon became aware of the power of the media to 'make things happen'.
In October of 1947, Drew Pearson conceived the idea of a "Friendship Train" that would take food donated by Americans to Europeans struggling in their existence following World War II. Pearson was in Europe, when he noticed the appreciation offered Communists for the few carloads of grain contributed to the people. He was then determined to rally the American people to the cause of feeding the hungry in Europe.
Mr. Pearson was astounded at the response to his plea. Across America towns, cities and states rallied with plans to collect food for the "Friendship Train". Five weeks after his original announcement, the train moved from Los Angeles through eleven states to New York City. Along the way, every state had connected to deliver their own contributions to the Friendship Train.
No money was spent on food, labor or transportation; and at the end three trains delivered 270 boxcars of donated food to be loaded on a ship bound for Europe – food from Iowans' gardens, baby food from Gerber, carloads of sugar from Hawaii and incalculable carloads of donations gathered at fire departments and City Halls throughout the nation.
And true to his desire to demonstrate the good will of America, the Friendship Trains that found their way through France and Italy were well posted with signs and banners 'from the children of the USA to the children of France and Italy". The Mayor of Paris at the time was General de Gaulle's brother, Pierre, who greeted Mr. Pearson and his committee at City Hall.
French Friendship Trains made their way from Paris and Lyon to Bordeaux, Brest, Lorient and Toulouse with welcoming celebrations at each stop.
Every package of food had this label:
All races and creeds make up the vast melting pot of America, and in a democratic and Christian spirit of good will toward men, we, the American people, have worked together to bring this food to your doorsteps, hoping that it will tide you over until your own fields are again rich and abundant with crops."
And soon, we will post the French response with the "Merci Train".
We'd love to hear from you! email@example.com
Copyright © 2014, LuxeEuro, LLC. All rights reserved.
Sculpture of Rodin's "Master"
Just imagine. If we were in Paris today, we would have the distinct privilege of taking in a special exhibition at the magnificent Château de Compiègne Museum just north of the capital. Until the end of October, the works of one of the most renowned French sculptors will be on display, that of Albert Ernest Carrier-Belleuse (1824-1887). One of the premiere sculptors of the Second Empire, Carrier-Belleuse is considered Rodin's Master, as Auguste Rodin was a student in the sculptor's workshop.
Seemingly no artistic genre attracts me more than sculpture, where the materials under masterful hands deliver beauty and energy, brute force and quiet repose. Carrier-Belleuse seemed tireless in his sculpting, turning out busts and statues, bronzes and figurines. No material seemed indifferent under his piercing talent.
While he began his training as the apprentice of a goldsmith and later studied at École des Beaux-Arts and Petite École, the sculptor spent over five years designing ceramics and metalwork models for companies like Wedgwood in England. When he began to exhibit large sculptures at the Salon in Paris, he attracted important patrons and significant commissions.
Emperor Napoléon III tapped his considerable talents in numerous public projects during the rebuilding of Paris between 1851 and 1870 – from the torchères for the Paris Opéra to the marble Bacchante purchased by the emperor for the Jardins des Tuileries. Later the State awarded a Medal of Honor and the cross of the Légion d'Honneur for his marble Messiah that was allotted to Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in Paris.
Though continuously producing abundant pieces for international patrons, Carrier-Belleuse was highly visible and commercially successful in the applied arts. Appointed director of works at the state Manufacture de Sèvres, he significantly elevated the stature of applied arts and impacted the careers of younger sculptors – like Auguste Rodin – who apprenticed with him.
Might I be among the first to recommend you take a little time from your enjoyment of Paris to take in this remarkable exhibition? For less than the cost of a movie in the United States, you will enjoy the energy, humor and unrivalled imagination of Albert Ernest Carrier-Belleuse.
We'd love to hear from you! email@example.com
Copyright © 2014, LuxeEuro, LLC. All rights reserved.
Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.
– Winston Churchill, about R.A.F fighter pilots
Not so very long ago, the Ukrainian people lived in what appeared to be relative peace. The streets were calm. Homes felt safe. Day-to-day chores were accomplished, and children played with one another in the parks.
And in the blink of an eye, shouting and fires and armed troops and killing replaced the security they had known. I know it isn't that simple. Nothing is. But I would wager that the "average" person in Ukraine would rather resolve their differences without destruction and death.
After a somber visit to the American Cemetery in Normandy, we drove down to the beach. Where the infamous conflicts portrayed in "Saving Private Ryan" and so many other war films played out, the beach this day was filled with holiday visitors … children playing along the shore, kites and wind sails across the sky … peace and happiness won at such a great price.
Today, as we remember all the sad losses that have occurred because of hatred and conflict, greed and arrogance and all of those interminable reasons 'mankind' loses its' way; I hope one day the abiding desire for peace will overcome the destructive actions of war.
Île Saint-Louis "Second Homes"
Last time we were in Paris, we stayed for a week in a charming vacation rental on Île Saint-Louis. Other than the sometimes grueling climb up four flights of stairs, we were absolutely enchanted to enjoy our residence on one of our favorite places on earth!
BUT that is also when we first heard from our best friend in Paris that, "The island has changed. So many foreigners have bought property here, and it no longer feels authentic." Well, I'm sure I've paraphrased somewhat, but the key thought remains the same – the long famous and revered Île Saint-Louis doesn't feel so French anymore. I hasten to add that we do not share that sentiment, perhaps because we are blinded by the island's charms!
Mind you, if we had the 'spare change' to buy property on l'île, we would jump at the chance; but we also would spend lots of time there. Recent studies show that many foreigners, including Americans, have gradually driven out less well-off Parisian residents; and the second-home nature of their ownership and brevity of visits has had a negative impact on neighborhood shops and local schools. Authors of the study indicate that this district is the only one in Paris that is losing inhabitants. Given the French love of heritage, home and history; you can imagine how this ownership transfer has been received.
Those tensions resulted in quite a clash between historic and new residents, between architectural designers and cultural protectors. A Qatari prince purchased one of the island's most beautiful, historic and revered buildings – Hotel Lambert. Once home to Chopin and Voltaire not to mention the Rothschild family, the 17th century mansion contains many artistic treasures, including priceless frescoes by artist Eustache Le Sueur created around 1652.
As if the drastic structural changes anticipated by the prince were not enough, a significant fire broke out in 2013 and caused the rooftop to collapse and destroy the Le Sueur designs. Part of a UNESCO World Heritage site, the building was empty and undergoing the controversial renovations. Nonetheless legal actions still are underway to assure that changes to the famous building are in line with historical dictates. One heritage architect specialist went so far as to describe the proposed changes as "a monstrosity with the aesthetics of a James Bond villa". Parfait!
The hotel was originally designed and built for the personal secretary – Lambert de Thorigny – of King Louis XIII. Voltaire was said to have courted his mistress, the marquise du Châtelet, at the Hôtel Lambert; and prior to being sold in 1975 to the Rothschild banking family, noteworthy visitors included Chopin and Balzac.
Perhaps on a more positive note, it seems that many of those owners of second homes in Paris want to blend in, opting for traditions like visiting the local boulanger for bread and La Presse for the daily newspaper. It is, in fact, that village feeling that so many of us seek, when we arrange our vacation rentals in the City of Light.
If you have always opted for hotel stays in Paris, we highly recommend the more authentic and cost-effective vacation rental. You still may eat out as often as you wish, but that morning cup of coffee in your own apartment is quite nice!
Fired Up for France: The Promise of Paris – now available!
Autographed copies with notecard gift (through PayPal)
Amazon direct order
We'd love to hear from you!
email@example.com Copyright © 2014, LuxeEuro, LLC. All rights reserved.


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Milk and Honey, Book Review
6 comments
Heard so many good things about this book I really want to read it!ReplyDelete
I feel like you've convinced me to pick this up! It looks really good from what I've seen. I'm not much of a poetry lover but I feel like I could get on board with this. xReplyDelete
Emma | emmaetc.com
I absolutely love this book, each poem is so moving honestly - its great to flick through as well, I never get tired of it!ReplyDelete
Lucy | Forever September
I NEED this book in my life. 100% picking this up. I'd heard about it previously but you've convinced me! Love simple beautiful poetry like this xReplyDelete
Martha Jane | www.marthajaneedwards.com
This is now added to my book wish list! She seems like such an incredible author, and reading poems and quotes in a book seem like such a neat idea. Thanks for the recommendation! xReplyDelete
Kyia at WANDERLUSTGIRL// lifestyle & beauty
Let's be BLOGLOVIN friends!
This book has been on my wishlist for some time but after reading your post I feel like I need it in my life! Thanks ♥ReplyDelete
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Because of that relevance, new prints from the original negative have been struck for theatrical re-release, that we might all judge and reconsider its instructions and its messages. One of these is that the battle for hearts and minds can't be won so easily by a rebellious people when sympathetic observers can taste the malice behind the deaths they cause, no matter what the political context.
Continue reading: The Battle Of Algiers Review
He'll also be on board as a producer for the book to screen adaptation.
Gendry has been living under Cersei Lannister's nose for quite some time now.
The director would love to take the films in a different direction.
In 1965 Italian director Gillo Pontecorvo made this film tracing the efforts of the native...


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ERIN, Wisconsin – South Africa will have eight players in the US Open field at Erin Hills in Wisconsin starting on Thursday.
First off will be the highest-ranked local Branden Grace, who will tee it up at 2.24pm SA time alongside American duo Kevin Kisner and Billy Horschel. Grace has finished tied for fourth and tied for fifth over the last two years, so can he go all the way this weekend?
The very next group sees two-time US Open champion Ernie Els lining it up with two more Americans in Webb Simpson and Lucas Glover.
The other South Africans are George Coetzee, Charl Schwartzel and Louis Oosthuizen (who will play together with Henrik Stenson), Brandon Stone, Oliver Bekker and Thomas Aiken.
Former Masters champion Schwartzel is perhaps Mzanzi's best bet for the title due to his recent form.
US Open First Round Groups (SA times, a- denotes amateur)
First Hole
12:45pm: Jordan Niebrugge (USA), Talor Gooch (USA), Kevin Dougherty (USA)
12:56pm: Andres Romero (ARG), Brice Garnett (
1:07pm: Yusaku Miyazato (JPN) JT Poston (
1:18pm: David Lingmerth (SWE) Paul Dunne (IRL), Li Haotong (TPE)
1:29pm: a-Stewart Hagestad (
1:40pm: Brandt Snedeker (
1:51pm: Rafa Cabrera
2:02pm: Gary Woodland (
2:13pm: Russell Knox (SCO), a-Scott Gregory (ENG), Martin Laird (SCO)
2:24pm: Kevin Kisner (
2:35pm: Webb Simpson (
2:46pm: Tyson Alexander (
2:57pm: Matthew Campbell (
6:30pm: Jack Maguire (
6:41pm: Eddie Pepperell (ENG), Chan Kim (
6:52pm: Jhonattan Vegas (VEN), Yuta Ikeda (JPN), Sean O'Hair (
7:03pm: Andrew Johnston (ENG), Brian Stuard (
7:14pm: Marc Leishman (AUS), Pat Perez (
7:25pm: Russell Henley (
7:36pm: Bubba Watson (
7:47pm: Henrik Stenson (SWE), Charl Schwartzel (RSA), Louis Oosthuizen (RSA)
7:58pm: Jimmy Walker (
8:09pm: Jason Day (AUS), Justin Rose (ENG), Rory McIlroy (NIR)
8:20pm: Steve Stricker (
8:31pm: Ryan Brehm (
8:42pm: a-Mason Andersen (
Tenth Hole
12:45pm: Kim Meen-Whee (KOR), Ted Potter Jr (
12:56pm: Shugo Imahira (JPN), Ryan Palmer (
1:07pm: Charley Hoffman (
1:18pm: Wang Jeung-Hun (KOR), Thomas Aiken (RSA), Bradley Dredge (WAL)
1:29pm: a-Scott
1:40pm: Brian Harman (
1:51pm: Hideki Matsuyama (JPN), Rickie Fowler (
2:02pm: Lee Westwood (ENG), Ross Fisher (ENG), Graeme McDowell (NIR)
2:13pm: Danny Willett (ENG), Zach Johnson (
2:24pm: Matt Kuchar (
2:35pm: Martin Kaymer (GER),
2:46pm: a-Joaquin Niemann (CHI), Stephan Jaeger (GER), Joel Stalter (LUX)
2:57pm: Daniel Miernicki (
6:30pm: Wade Ormsby (AUS), Oliver Bekker (RSA), Kyle Thompson (
6:41pm: Brandon Stone (RSA) Troy Merritt (
6:52pm: Satoshi Kodaira (JPN), Daniel Summerhays (
7:03pm: William McGirt (
7:14pm: a-Brad Dalke (
7:25pm: Nick Flanagan (AUS), Richie Ramsay (SCO), Bryson DeChambeau (
7:36pm: Daniel Berger (
7:47pm: Adam Hadwin (CAN), Emiliano Grillo (ARG), Pan Cheng-Tsung (TPE)
7:58pm: Scott Piercy (
8:09pm: Matthew Fitzpatrick (ENG), Peter Uihlein (
8:20pm: Kevin Chappell (
8:31pm: Xander Schauffele (
8:42pm: Sam Ryder (


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The AMDSB Literacy Assessment Portfolio is a resource to support teachers and administrators in classroom assessment for learning, and as they plan for school improvement in early literacy. The Literacy Assessment Portfolio may also be used as evidence of learning in conjunction with the AMDSB Early and Ongoing Identification Procedures.
The Portfolio:
- Is an integral part of ongoing, authentic classroom assessment.
- Contains results from assessments administered from JK until benchmarks are met, to support transitions between grades.
- Allows teachers to track the progress of individual students over time, and may be used to plan instructional strategies as part of ongoing assessment for learning.
- Provides information for Educators to support growth in early literacy behaviours and reading development.
- Assists in identifying students who are in need of early intervention in literacy (Early and Ongoing Identification/Team Meeting).
- Identifies targets for Running Records and other assessment tools.
- Offers a standardized format, procedures, materials and suggested timelines for assessing student progress.
Video: Overview of LAP
Literacy Assessment Portfolio Appendices Revised May 2017


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Christina began her legal career as a personal injury attorney in her hometown of Beaumont, Texas. Throughout her career, Christina has become known as a hands-on attorney, one who is always available to counsel clients and fights aggressively to protect their rights. Her hands-on approach stems from her passion not only for the law but for each client she represents. Christina has tried multiple cases to verdict in a wide range of legal matters. Her ability to develop successful legal strategies and persuasive narratives has repeatedly resulted in outcomes that exceeded client expectations.
Christina was admitted to the State Bar of Texas in 2009. She is also admitted to practice before the United States District Courts for the Southern, Northern, Eastern and Western Districts of Texas.
Law School:
South Texas College of Law (2009)
Lamar University (B.S., 2006)


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review :: milan design week 2013
Katie | April 23, 2013
I made a magazine! It's only eight pages long, but it is a complete review of my Milan Design Week – I hope you enjoy it.
I hope to do these again in the future, so I would be very grateful for all your thoughts, feedback and comments. (Be kind!)
Further reading for the especially geeky:
- out and about :: milan 2013
- out and about :: salonesatellite 2013
- out and about :: ventura lambrate 2013
- out and about :: spazio rossana orlandi
And a massive thank you to Kyla McCallum who taught me how to use InDesign a few weeks ago as part of a skills swap!


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Scrub and soap, fresh and heal..the perfect pamper box to lift spirits with fabulous pure essential lemongrass oil, and calm and heal with the wonderful benefits of manuka honey. All natural packaging with an open window so you can Indulge your senses.
8 soaps in total and a beautiful coconut oil sugar scrub, to leave your skin energised and soft and silky.
Handmade in New Zealand with love and infused with Manuka honey.


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|The Harbinger has completed the Raven's Cove Story Quest and uncovered the Cursed Blades of El Patron!
|The Harbinger's favorite main island is Sky Port.
The Harbinger
The Harbinger is the very last of his kind. His original home was burned to ashes. He is one of the finest warriors in the Caribbean, but prefers to keep his secret identity hidden.
The Harbinger is the name of the strongest warrior in the armies of Sky Port. Given once they reach so many kills of enemy forces. The Harbinger earned his name when he stood his ground against thousands of soldiers of tyranny. The King of Sky Port granted him his title, but he had little time to enjoy it, as Jolly Roger burned the Port in an attack.
Sky Port
Sky Port is a mystical Port in the clouds that once was a proud port. The symbol of the port is the owl. The port was sustained among the clouds by voodoo powers. The port was in a middle of a civil war when The Harbinger joined their navy. Later when he defeated the enemy with his great broadsword, he was unable to hold his own against Jolly Roger's forces. The Port was burned, and he escaped, the last of his kind, vowing to defeat Jolly Roger himself.
Harbinger's Adventure
Something Strange...
"I be sailing with Blastburn's borrowed ship, when I saw a familiar cloud. Thankfully I still know how to enchant vesels to fly. I shall be exploring the skies from here on out. I WILL, find Sky Port, my old home."-The Harbinger
Return home...
The Harbinger, did not send any words along for this post, but I did get a picture. Here is The Harbinger, standing in one of the ports of Sky Port.
You can see the port, still burning from Jolly Roger's attacks."I've located the old fortress, where I held my own against the forces of tyranny. It's invisibility, conjured from voodoo, has long worn off. With the parting of clouds, revealing Sky Port's location, I fear Jolly Roger may attack for any remaining artifacts."
-The Harbinger
Since a majority of people DEMAND, that The Harbinger's name be released, his name is David Stormbreaker.


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Fatal error message after last comment
I moved my blog to another server to use my own domain and also changed the theme beacause Landzilla had some paragraph formatting on a few posts. i decided to use a customized version of Provision Public. Everything is almost fine, except for the following: when I clicck on a post and its page appears, the following message appears after the last comment:
Fatal error: Call to undefined function: commentscript() in /home/giovane/public_html/wp-content/themes/provision/comments.php on line 81
I don't know if it is plugin error, it seems this theme uses some Gravatar plugin, but even if it is deactivated the error message still appears. I will reproduce the lines a think the message is referring to:
<?php if ('open' == $post->comment_status) : ?>
<!– If comments are open, but there are no comments. –>
<?php else : // comments are closed ?>
<!– If comments are closed. –>

Comments are closed.
<?php endif; ?>
<?php endif; ?>
<?php if ('open' == $post->comment_status) : ?>
<?php commentScript() ?>

Leave a Reply

What is the problem? Can someone help me, please?
- The topic 'Fatal error message after last comment' is closed to new replies.


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So... curious why the title for the blog anyone??? Why the repentance AND faith?? Well, lemme just rant to you about my latest "thing".
Seems to me in our modern day evangelical state of witnessing, our prayers of acceptance of (faith in) Jesus into our lives (the oh-so-boldly penned "Sinner's Prayer") are nothing more than hogwash. Before you attack, listen to my explanation. First off, not EVEN is that Biblical! And well, I'd forget them in a heartbeat, so I'm just going to stop with the First and Seconds (and so on). :)
So, next, I would like to point out that Jesus' entire ministry of witnessing to people was none other than with absolute love behind it, as well as a presentation of the lack of repentance for breaking ALL of God's commandments. Jesus would always lovingly let people know that they have done wrong, they aren't (inherently) good people, and that they need to repent (ie., get down on your face and just proclaim your love to the God who just gave you more grace than you would ever be able to give to, well, everyone you know).
Ask and almost everyone will answer that they think they're a good person. Now, why would a "good person" need a Savior; why would a "good person" need Jesus; why wouldn't a "good person" go to Heaven; who in the world needs to humble themselves if they're a "good person" and throw off all sense of pride to get down on their knees to ask for forgiveness; how in the world is a "good person" bad when their relevant truth and beliefs don't tell them that? Post-modernism is the biggest hype of creating faux-Christians; just because it's your truth, doesn't mean it is truth; as Ravi Zacharias (the modern day C.S. Lewis) puts it, "Truth is relative to God's perspective". Period. Not ours. (By the way, little side note, if this type of study interests you, seriously look into the Truth Project by Focus on the Family!)
As my Grandma says, when you become a true Christian, you have a 180 degree turn around with sin; it's essentially as though you are driving along a highway (you utilize that oddly placed middle strip of pavement connecting to the "other side"), and start driving in the opposite direction that your life was headed before. You view sin differently, you don't enjoy living in sin, you cannot stand sin, you pass it by and don't even look over your shoulder with longing, you're excited about renewing your mind and self with Godly things, and you just plain hate sin! We all know that even Satan professes Jesus' name, so next time you hear someone say the "Sinner's Prayer" maybe enlighten them that they need to go one step further for true forgiveness of their sins (ie, the breaking of God's Laws and Commandments).
In light of (all) that, I ask you, when you became a Christian (and as you daily walk with God), if you've had a different outlook on sin and it's effects on your life and your relationship with your Creator, your grace-grantor, your GOD? And if not, repent!
Tuesday, December 4, 2007
R and F, baby!
So... curious why the title for the blog anyone??? Why the repentance AND faith?? Well, lemme just rant to you about my latest "thing".
Posted by BrownEyedGirl-- at 9:27 PM
Labels: Christian Principles


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Posted by Vivian
Julie Wolfe is not only and exceptional attorney, she is an exceptional woman. She is intelligent, intuitive and cares deeply for clients. Her professionalism and knowledge of family law is without reproach. Although I was not her only client, she made me feel like my situation was the most important priority in her life. She listened to me and my concerns patiently and empathetically. Through my very litigious ordeal concerning custody of my son and child support trial, she stood by me not only as my lawyer, but as my confident and friend. I considered myself very fortunate to have found her to represent me as she was able to accomplish a very favorable outcome on my behalf. I highly recommend Julie to anyone who needs an excellent family law attorney in the Colorado Springs area.