text:
lynda's studio > Clever, Cute, Witty, Wise > Oh yah, you Breccia! > Oh yah, you Breccia! Sweatshirt
Proud to be a Minnesota Geologist. You bet! Heck, that's a nice outcropping. Sure. Breccia is composed of angular fragments of rocks or minerals in a matrix of cementing material. But you knew that.
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text:
wool & leather fringe pillow
wool & leather fringe pillow
Black and white wool knit pillow with espresso leather fringe.
Down/feather insert.
Zipper closure.
22" x 17" (not including fringe)
5% of your purchase goes towards charities benefiting women/children domestically and internationally. Please email us for a list of charities or if you would like your charity to be considered.
Add To Cart

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hello 2011!
I danced and drank my way into year 2011 by celebrating with friends and family. It was crowded here at Kota Kinabalu Water Front where people from around Borneo gathered to watch the world prepare to greet 2011. The sound of whistles and the party poppers starts filling the air just half an hour before midnight as it gets louder every minute. I drowned my thirst with a bottle of Heineken as I waited for the party to begin.
And then the countdown begins. Ten… nine… eight… seven….. Goodbye 2010, Hello 2011!! Bright little objects propelled into the sky and ended with a loud bang. It lit and sparkled beautifully in the dark sky with green, red and gold which lasted about 15 minutes. When the fireworks ended, the music from the pubs and clubs nearby can be heard even clearer.
Finally a brand New Year has begun and I knew I had plenty to be grateful for last year. For one I've graduated with a Degree and became a CISCO certified person. Now I will begin year 2011 with a new job and hopefully everything will go well. I will try to stick with my regular exercise and to live healthily even after climbing up Mount Kinabalu by the end of January. Here's to a fabulous 2011! Cheers…
Marina Court project theme v.1
I have been working on the theme of my current project and I would appreciate any comments.
This is a WordPress site using the Lukoo theme. I tweaked the theme so that the contents look a bit more compact. Below are some of the changes I tweaked on the theme to my liking:
- Used a black & white background image instead of a plain white-grey color background
- Increased the width of the body wrapper
- Decrease height of header wrapper
- Decrease the bottom padding of the main content wrapper
- Increased the width of the main content wrapper so that the main content and the sidebar are close to each other.
- Changed the background image of the main content wrapper with opacity of 90% for transparency
- Added opacity 0.9 to the sidebar wrapper with CSS
From the screenshot above, there are still a lot I can do to make the theme better. For example I need to create my own custom logo to replace the Lukoo logo. Probably change some of the text colors and sidebar. I would really love to hear some opinions on the design. If you do have some ideas to share, then don't hesitate to drop some comments below.
Notetaking service Evernote takes the spot
I had recently installed Evernote on my Windows and was surprised by how powerful the service is. I had used other notetaking apps like Windows build in Sticky Notes which basically saves notes that you write on it. Sticky note is only good if you're just trying to quickly write and retrieve notes on your computer. There are also Linux-based notetaking apps like Tomboy Notes, and BasKet Note Pads but these apps are nowhere as powerful as Evernote.
Evernote can capture anything from text, websites, pictures, videos and audio as notes and then you can access them from the Internet, your computer or your phone. It also has a powerful search function that can scan for text in image files. Evernote supports a number of operating system platforms including Mac OS X, Windows, Android, and Web OS.
You can learn more from the official Evernote website.
Bookmarking with Xmarks
Have you ever been in a situation where you forget to backup your bookmarks from your web browser when you format your computer? If you have, then you might want to check out Xmarks.
I overlook backing up my bookmarks whenever I wanted install a fresh Windows or Ubuntu operating system. I usually backup my most important stuff first which is my work; important bytes of data on my harddrive. Next I would export my bookmarks as a XML file, store it on an external drive then import it back once I have a fresh OS working. Usually I would forget to do this and I end up losing all my bookmarks.
I tried online bookmark services like Google Bookmarks and Delicious as an alternative and safer way to store my bookmarks. By using these services, I did not have to worry about ever losing my bookmarks again since it is stored online. But using these services was too much of a hassle to import and export bookmarks between the browser and the bookmark service.
Then I started searching for a bookmark synchronization application that could sync Google Bookmarks and your browser bookmarks. I have found that Chrome has a build in Sync function that does exactly that. It also syncs themes, preferences, extensions and applications which makes it a handy function to have.
But what if you want to sync those information across different web browser? I found Xmarks to be a very popular bookmark application that works as a plugin on Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Safari (Mac OS). I really haven't explored the application yet at the time of this writing but I am hoping that it is the answer to all the bookmarking hassle I had gone through. Below are some of the screenshots I took while installing Xmarks on Firefox and Chrome.
Cellular Telecommunication – GSM, CDMA
From my last post, I have written about telecommunication in general. Here I will write more about cellular telecommunication and its technologies particularly GSM and CDMA. Both are 2G technology.
Most people now associate telecommunication with modern technologies that provide mobile communications to users both in the form of voice and data transmissions. There are a number of different standards that telecommunication companies use to provide cellular services.
Cellular telecommunication was conducted over analog system that transmits waveforms which can degrade over long distances. Because of that, cellular telecommunication has transformed to digital converting the signals into groups of numbers that could not be broken down over time and distance. As a result of this digital transformation, cellular telecommunications are based on many different standards. Phones and systems that operate on the same standard can usually work with each other.
The most popular of the digital standards are Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). GSM is the standard used in much of the world. In Malaysia, GSM is most common, while CDMA and PHS (PHS) mobile phone is also very popular.
In terms of data transfer speed, both technologies continue to rapidly leapfrog one another. Both provide "3G" standards or 3rd generation technologies. CDMA2000 is CMDA's answer to need for speed. GSM's answer is EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) with added technologies that include UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone Standard) and HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) This technology is also known as W-CDMA, but incompatible with CDMA networks.
GSM phones uses SIM cards that allow phones to be instantly activated, interchanged, swapped out and upgraded, all without carrier intervention. The SIM itself in tied to network, rather than the actual phone. CDMA carriers on the other hand require proprietary handsets that are linked to one carrier only. When upgrading a CDMA phone, the carrier must deactivate the old phone then activate the new one and the old phone becomes useless.
Getting to Know Telecommunication
It has been almost 6 weeks already since my job attachment here in a mobile telecommunication company. As a CISCO certified person, I am appointed as an IT technician who troubleshoots pc and networks around Sabah region. During my stay, I started to speculate on the things they do here. How do they provide services to subscribers located around the region? What technologies do they use to provide these services? How do wireless broadband work? What is telecommunication? All these questions started to build up so I took the effort to conduct my own research on the subject.
Although telecommunication is a totally different field from my IT/networking background, there are still some similarities. For one which is the most obvious, the company I'm at uses CISCO devices for their interconnection too. This is because they also provide data transmission services other than voice transmission. So I am going to spend some time here to explain briefly what I have researched so far. Good stuff…
Today telecommunication is all about providing wireless connection to wide range of areas around the globe with great transmission speeds. Although fixed lines are still widely used, mobile communication has grown rapidly that led to the significant decline in fixed network subscriptions. This leads me to believe that being in the mobile industry is and will be secure for a very long time. But nevertheless, both fixed lines and mobile communication are both extension to the word telecommunication; transmission of messages over significant distances for the purpose of communication. So how did it all began?
Earlier signs of telecommunication started when the electrical telegraph was invented in the 1840s. A telegraph is used to communicate over long distance by using Morse code. Then came the conventional telephone in 1876 which is now in use worldwide. The invention of radio in the late 19th century and television in the early 20th century has played an important role in wireless communication. At that time, only voice was transmitted through the transmission medium. Now in the digital age, we have packet switching (transmission of data packets) which then made the Internet possible.
Mobile Telecommunication Company for example Maxis, Celcom and Digi provide communication services to mobile devices which may move around freely unlike Telekom who provides fixed line network. These services include wireless telephony and broadband internet services. To be able to provides these services, wireless standards have to be used. These standards are like GSM, CDMA, UMTS and WiMAX. More on these technologies in my next post.
Installing Eclipse on Ubuntu
An easy way to install Eclipse on Ubuntu is through the Ubuntu repositories. This can be done by opening up the "Ubuntu Software Center" under Applications. Click on Developer Tools -> IDEs. Then look for Eclipse from the list of IDEs that shows up. If you click on Install, you will be asked to enter your user password then it will automatically install Eclipse for you. It should be pretty straight forward here. After installation is complete, you can start Eclipse in Applications -> Programming -> Eclipse.
Another way is to install it manually by downloading the Eclipse files from http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/. You will need to install JRE or JDK first before you can run Eclipse. You can do this by typing this in the terminal.
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre
Extract the Eclipse files to the /opt directory so that other users can have access to it.
tar xzf eclipse-SDK-3.5.2-linux-gtk.tar.gz
sudo mv eclipse /opt/eclipse
Then create an eclipse executable in your path.
sudo touch /usr/bin/eclipse
sudo chmod 755 /usr/bin/eclipse
sudo gedit /usr/bin/eclipse
Then type in the followings and save.
#export MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME="/usr/lib/mozilla/"
export ECLIPSE_HOME="/opt/eclipse"
$ECLIPSE_HOME/eclipse $*
Then create a gnome menu item.
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop
Enter the following and save.
[Desktop Entry]
Comment=Eclipse IDE
Now you can run Eclipse from Applications -> Programming -> Eclipse. You can also install different Eclipse packages for example the Eclipse + PDT package by using the manual way of installing.


text:
Mcgoogan estate agents ltd are delighted to present to the market this attractive upper cottage flat set within populsr locale.
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text:
The following article was created by Bluethunder213, and includes information about characters or places outside of Mass Effect continuity. Please do not edit the content of the article without his permission.
China was an Asian populated country that was one of the last countries to join the Alliance. They, along with America, came to Japan's assistance during the Korean-Japanese War. While America took in refugees from the war, China did not.


text: Improvements to My Checkout History All library users have the ability to start saving a list of the items they have borrowed. This allows you to go back and find the title that you borrowed xxx months ago. :) Called My Checkout History, if you have not already set this up for your card(s), check out these instructions on how to do so. (they can also be found on the Catalogue drop down menu - Catalogue Help, on our website) Read more about Improvements to My Checkout History


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- December 24th
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text:
November 26, 2014 Total Views: 5973 Today: 1
Hotel Pampulha Flat Belo Horizonte, Pampulha Flat offers stylish self-serviced apartments with free WiFi in the Pampulha neighbourhood, 8 km from Belo Horizonte's city centre. Facilities include an outdoor pool with a decked sun terrace and a gym. Apartments at Pampulha Flat have bright white interiors with contemporary décor and furniture. All have a fully equipped kitchen, a private balcony, and are equipped with air conditioning and a 32″ LCD TV with cable channels. Guests can benefit from a daily breakfast buffet with natural juices, cold cuts and fresh bread rolls. The a la carte restaurant serves both lunch and dinner. Pampulha Flat features tasteful wood decoration and rich red interiors. Additional facilities include a sauna. The business centre and banquet facility can accmmodate up to 120 people. Minas Gerais Federal University is 500 metres away. Pampulha – Carlos Drummond de Andrade Airport is a 1,5 km distance, while Confins – Tancredo Neves International Airport is 25 km away. Free parking is available. (Hotel Pampulha Flat Belo Horizonte hotels booking).


text:
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text:
It is finished ! !
Joshua's biological parents had 11 days to be sure about their decision. They signed the relinquishment papers, Saturday, January 17, 1998 at around 3:00 PM. Pray for them as they grieve the loss of their son.
Thank you for your prayers for us and Joshua. You helped us to have this son. Praise God with us for His great power in all of the details.
Born not from our flesh,
But born in our hearts.
Twelve years prayed for,
And loved from the start.
Conceived from a blessing
Sent straight from God above.
Our second son,
In our home to love.
Joyfully announcing the adoption of Joshua Michael Farho
Born January 6, 1998
Placed into the loving arms of Mike, Sue and John Farho on January 6, 1998
Height 20 inches
Weight 7 lbs 2 oz
Praise God from whom all blessings flow! Proverbs 3:5-6


text:
Baked goods: Fresh baked croissants, baguettes, flatbread, and specialty breads. French breakfast specialties, quiches and of course the most exquisite pastries you will see outside of Paris!
Lunch: Our lunch menu consists of artisanal baguette, wrap & flatbread sandwiches or unique daily salads served over fresh greens. Soup is prepared every morning and is served with fresh bread.
Lunch served from 11:00 am – 4:00 pm Tuesday through Sunday.
Beverages: The best cup of coffee in town! Along with espresso's, cappuccino's and latte's, we offer authentic tea brewed with the finest loose tea from around the globe. You can also find delicious smoothies, iced cappuccino's, iced coffee, cane sugar soda's and sparkling juices and water on our menu as well as house crafted lemonade!
Specialty Bread Weekly Rotation
(subject to change on Holiday weekends)
Tuesday Salted Caraway Viennois
Wednesday Montreal Style Bagel
Thursday *Chef's Choice*(it's a surprise every week!)
Friday Ale Bread
Saturday Cinnamon Rolled Brioche
Sunday Walnut Blue Cheese


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Executive Director
Karen recently moved to Ligonier from the Outer Banks of NC after serving as the executive director of the Corolla Wild Horse Fund from 2006 until 2017. Her entire career has been devoted to nonprofit management and social services and she is a graduate of Franklin & Marshall College with a degree in psychology. She is the owner of Nick and Victory who were both rescued from a kill pen. She has taught both forward and saddle seat riding, shown American Saddlebreds, and is also the former statewide director of therapeutic riding at Penn State University. In April of 2014, Karen became nationally certified in the remote delivery of immunocontraception to wildlife at the Science and Conservation Center at Zoo Montana.


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Has anyone had good or bad experience with a mobile web filtering solution for mobile devices or 3G? I am looking for some suggestions as to which companies to consider or avoid. Any feedback is greatly appreciate.
3 Replies
Apr 16, 2012 at 12:31 UTC
For mobile devices on our wifi, we use a Barracuda web filter. It works pretty well for blocking dangerous / high bandwidth sites accessed by mobile devices on the wifi but does nothing for 3G. It sounds like you would probably want something more along the lines of mobile device management software.
Apr 17, 2012 at 6:33 UTC
Do you mean a proxy service for the device to access regardless of 3G/4G or wifi mode?
Apr 18, 2012 at 4:34 UTC
Thanks Network Nerd! (love the name by the way)
John, yes
This discussion has been inactive for over a year.
You may get a better answer to your question by starting a new discussion.


text:
MASTERS OF FORM Victorian Lace IN LOVE WITH LACE THIS SUMMER Rows and rows of the most beautiful lace are sown together, to create a unique lace expression where pretty | Read More >
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text:
Capital Markets
Company Overview of Barings Participation Investors
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Jan F. Jumet *
The information and data displayed in this profile are created and managed by S&P Global Market Intelligence, a division of S&P Global. Bloomberg.com does not create or control the content. For inquiries, please contact S&P Global Market Intelligence directly by clicking here.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Jan F. Jumet
|Charles A. Sanders
|133 Relationships
|John W. Barter
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|Sidney Braginsky
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Only a company representative may request an update for the company profile. Documentation will be required.
To contact Barings Participation Investors, please visit . Company data is provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence. Please use this form to report any data issues.
Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Warning - this is totally addicting. And would make a great snack for a party or football get-together!
Ranch Cheddar Cheese Cracker Mix
Also seen on The Art of Comfort Baking
Ingredients9 1/2 ounce ritz crackers ( Cheese bits )
4 cups cheddar goldfish crackers
1/2 cup Canola oil
1 ounce ranch dressing mix ( 1 packet )
1 tablespoon fresh dill ( dried )
1/2 teaspoon garlic salt
1/2 teaspoon celery seed
20From The Art of Comfort Baking
Adapted from Paula Deen


text:
MWES Information
Watch Dogs
Class pages
Attendance Line
Bus Schedules
Dress Code
Parent Handbook
School Counselors
Summer Reading List
Supply Lists
Advisory Council
United Bank
SOL Information
Curriculum Pacing Guides
Commonly Asked for PWCS Information
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Resource Links (Education Related Websites)
Dear Parents and Students,
We made it! We have had mountains to climb and hurtles to jump, but we made it. I hope that I have helped to ensure that your child is ready for Second Grade. Keep practicing over the Summer to maintain and improve reading/math skills.
S. Bunch
Dear Parents,
We will have an End of Year Bash on June 12th for all students at Mary William Elementary that qualify. It will be similar to Field Day with activities for our students to enjoy.
To attend, students need to have demonstrated:
*P.R.I.D.E. behavior
*All Library books must be returned to the library
*All Cafeteria balances paid in full
A flyer will be sent home communicating the activities and requirements. Information will also be supplied about students that do not earn admission to the End of Year Bash.
The front office will send you details about that day soon. Feel free to remind the child that this day is coming and that it is important to meet the criteria.
S. Bunch
Picture Day is April 3, 2017.
11:00 am
Field Trip
Hidden Pond Nature Center
March 22, 2017
If you have not sent in your form for your child to attend the Hidden Pond field trip, please return the form with your child's payment of $4.50 as soon as possible.
If your child will not be attending our field trip, they will be placed in another 1st Grade classroom until we return. If you need an additional form please notify me as soon as possible.
If you are a chaperon, please be at school at 8:45. Please report to Room 107.
Thank you in advance,
S. Bunch
Dear Parents,
It's conference time again. At this time, I will only be scheduling conferences to discuss students of concern. Students of concern have received a conference form to be filled out and returned. If you did not receive a form, we do not need to schedule a conference at this time. However, if you feel you would also like to meet, please feel free to contact me and I will make arrangements. Conferences are normally on a first come, first served bases, but this conference time will be slightly different. We will focus on students need.
Thank you for your consideration,
S. Bunch
Dear Parents and Students,
Welcome Back! I hope everyone had a wonderful winter break. It was so great to see everyone today. I wanted to take this time to tell you all how excited I am about what we have done thus far in school. I also wanted to tell you that the best is yet to come. As I explained to the students today, we have so much to do and so much to squeeze into our day, that we must be focused and engaged in our learning at all time. We must work together to reach our full potential, supporting each other through self- awareness.
January will be a month of testing. We have mid-year testing spread throughout the month. If possible, please ensure that your child is in attendance on all dates and are alert and ready to show their abilities. I am listing the test and/or test window to allow you the opportunity to plan around them if possible. I do understand that students get sick, we have appointments, and sometimes things cannot be helped, but if possible please help us keep our appointed schedules.
CSA Jan. 9th thru Jan. 13th
PALs window Jan. 9th thru Jan. 19th
Math Assessment Jan. 17th thru Jan. 19th.
WIDA begins January 23rd
Please note that these dates are tentative and may change. I ask that you are flexible during this time. Please make sure that your child has lots of sleep and is alert, because we will be doing a lot of sitting and quiet work during the testing period. Also, if you are picking your child up early for an appointment, please let me know ahead of time, so that I may get them in a good position to stop testing or possibly have them finished before you pick them up.
Thank you so much for your corporation and understanding.
S. Bunch
Dear Parents and Students,
Thank you for the thoughtful cards and gifts. I appreciate your generosity and hope you have a safe and restful holiday.
S. Bunch
Dear Parents,
Today your child brought home many resources in their backpack to help them over the break. Inside their backpacks are flyers that provide user names and passwords for our new reading program at Mary Williams (called MyOn); user names and passwords which will allow you to load Microsoft Office to your child's computer (absolutely free); and a packet to help them practice their skills while on break. Your reading user and password are located on the first page of your winter packet. The Microsoft handout is a loose leaf page. Please hold on to those user names and passwords and place them in a safe place.
S. Bunch
Dear Parents,
Please view the link below to view a newsletter from Mrs. Colon. If the link does not work, simply copy and past it into your browser.
Dear Parents,
The field trip was a great success. The students were greeted by wonderful guides, who took us back into time. We were able to get a glimpse into the past and see what a wonderful life George Mason had at Gunston Hall.
Thank you to the Chaperon that attended the trip. With your support we were able to tour the museum and all the grounds. Thank you again for taking of your time and giving support to our class.
I ask that on the next field trip, in the spring, you allow other parents that have not attended to have an opportunity to spend some time with our class.
Thank you again,
S. Bunch
Dear Parents,
This is just a reminder that our field trip is Monday, November 28th, 2016. Please send your child to school in their normal way. Students will return home at the same time and in the same manner they always do.
If your child chose a lunch from the cafeteria, I will pick it up and have it in the classroom. If you checked that your child will bring a lunch from home, please make sure their lunch is labeled and they do not have any glass products.
If you were chosen as a chaperone, please be at school by 8:45 to go over information about the trip. Each chaperone will be responsible for a group or 4 to 5 students.
See you Monday, November 28th for a great day!
S. Bunch
1st Grade Field Trip to Gunston Hall, Lorton, Virginia will be November 28, 2016. The price for the trip is $7.00. Please make sure you dress your child in warm clothes and comfortable shoes. If your child is bringing a lunch, please make sure there are no glass products; it is in a disposable container, appropriate for their normal lunch size; and does not require any type of refrigeration or heating. More information will follow.
Class Dojo is back up and running as of October 26, 2016. Thank you for your patience and we look forward to a wonderful year of Dojo communication.
Dear Parents,
The School Division suspended the use of Class Dojo, pending review of the site's current privacy and security policies. With this in mind, I will be turning off all contact through Class Dojo until further notice. If you need to reach me, please continue to email me at firstname.lastname@example.com. If you are calling for an absence or a general question, please feel free to contact the office and I will get back to you at my earliest availability.
Thank you for your understanding.
S. Bunch
Character Day
October 28, 2016
Dress as your favorite Story Book Character. Make sure you bring your book to show which character you are dressed like.
Dear Parents,
Monday will be our Field Day. I ask that all students dress in comfortable shoes (gym shoes) to be able to run and play outside. I am unsure of the weather, so please send them with a sweater or jacket. Students are responsible for keeping up with their things and may take jackets off if it gets hot. I have instructed them to tie them around their waist to prevent trips to the loss and found. Please do not send in water bottles because there will be water stations throughout the area and students will be encouraged to get and drink water often.
Sincere thanks and have a great weekend,
S. Bunch
Daily Schedule
09:00 - 09:20 Science/Social Studies
09:25 - 10:05 Specials
10:55 - 12:00 Math
12:05 - 12:20 Recess
12:25 - 01:05 Lunch
01:10 - 03:00 Language Art
03:05 - 03:25 Science/Social Studies
03:30 - 03:50 Dismissal
Day 1 - Guidance
Day 2 - Art
Day 3 PLTW
Day 4 - P.E.
Day 5 - Music
Day 6 - Computer Lab
Day 7 - Library
Day 8 - P.E.
School Board Representatives for this School
Warning! This web page may contain links to one or more websites outside the PWCS network, which are not PWCS venues and may not reflect the views or opinions of PWCS. PWCS does not control the content of such websites and does not sponsor or endorse any messages, products, or services contained on such websites.
Website by SchoolMessenger Presence. © 2017 West Corporation. All rights reserved.


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Waseem Noor Launches Jewelry and Bridal Collection
24 January, 2012 by Mariam Batool Events, Fashion Pakistan, Pakistani Designers, People & Parties No commentsFashion designer Waseem Noor has launched his latest bridal dresses and jewelry collection at his flagship store in Lahore. Waseem Noor jewellery collection is consisted of formal elegant designs that are fit for wedding occasion whereas the bridal collection includes heavily embellished dresses that are crafted on wedding themes such as mayo and mehndi. Amir Mazhar of Savvy PR and Events organized the launching event of Waseem Noor Jewelry and Bridal Collection and also attended
Nadia Hussain Launches Radiance Skincare Treatments
20 January, 2012 by Mariam Batool Beauty & Style, People & Parties 34 commentsFashion Model turned Fashion Designer Nadia Hussain has recently stepped into the field of aesthetics by launching Radiance skincare treatments at the Transform Clinic in Karachi. Through Radiance, Nadia Hussain is now offering the cosmetic and non-surgical skin treatments at the Transform Clinic that is run by famous cosmetic surgeon Dr. Mabroor Bhatti. Recently doing a diploma from the American Academy of Aesthetic Medicine, Nadia Hussain will now serve with best skin treatments that range


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|Article: Print
|Article: Electronic
A powerful argument can be mounted that in order to maximise shareholder value (the fundamental objective of the CEO and board of directors), businesses should strive to act and be seen as principled and profitable rather than simply aim at being profitable – and this requires robust sustainability reporting on economic, environmental, and social performance. The objective of this study is to examine and compare a number of publications (advisories and guidelines) from various stakeholder groups that outline suggested approaches to the disclosure information on sustainability performance. This paper is written from a practitioner's perspective in order to interrogate the comprehensiveness and accessibility – and thus utility - of five publications that are available to guide and shape an organisation's attempts at sustainability reporting. Some of the competing frameworks of sustainability concepts are particularly well known, widely circulated and applied internationally, and are broad ranging in covering multiple economic, social and environmental factors; for example the Global Reporting Initiative framework of characteristics and indicators. Some alternative advisories and guidelines put out by governments, professional organisations, industry bodies and interest groups provide less well recognised frameworks for sustainability reporting.
|Sustainability reporting, Triple Bottom Line Performance, Guidelines and Advisories
The International Journal of Social Sustainability in Economic, Social and Cultural Context, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp.45-60. Article: Print (Spiral Bound). Article: Electronic (PDF File; 936.304KB).
Manager External Reporting, Accounting, Villiage Roadshow Ltd., Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Senior Lecturer, College of Business, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia


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Peter Brasilia, と 2 outdoor pools and a panoramic elevator, セント. Peter is 5 km from Brasília centre. It offers an internet café and a health centre with a beauty shop and gym. The air-conditioned rooms boast a classic décor with wooden floors and room service. All are non-smoking and include a minibar, safety deposit box and an LCD TV with cable access. 無料Wi-Fiが提供されています. Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek airport is 13,5 km from Hotel St. Peter, and the National Library is 2.4 ㎞. Brasília Cathedral can be reached within an 8-minute drive. Public parking is free. With a rich wine cellar, the restaurant serves international delicacies. Buffet breakfast is served daily and features a variety of breads, fruits and hot meals. (ホテルセント. Peter Brasilia hotels 予約).


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did any of you ride, last winter, either the salomon mynx or the k2 missdemeanor (comic graphics). how did you like them and how did they do on all mountain?
also do any of you have the salomon mynx boot, and how do you like it?
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Li Na loses in third round of Qatar Open in first appearance since Australian Open win
Top seed Li Na's eagerly-awaited return to action after her stunning Australian Open triumph last month ended in a bewildering loss to a qualifier in the third round of the Qatar Open.
The much-celebrated Chinese player appeared to have turned the match around when she came from behind to lead 3-1 in the final set against Petra Cetkowska, a Czech ranked outside the top 100, only to stumble to a 7-6 (7-2), 2-6, 6-4 defeat.
"I don't think my performance was so bad. And she played very well," Li said.
"If I had continued coming to the net more it would have been better. And a defeat is not always so bad either.
"At least I fought and I got information from what happened. I will put that information straight into my training."
In other results, second seed Agnieszka Radwanska progressed from the third round when her Croatian opponent Mirjana Lucic-Baroni was forced to retire in the second set after the Pole won the first 6-4.
Third seed Petra Kvitova downed fellow Czech Lucie Safarova 7-6 (7-2), 5-7, 6-2 and fourth-seeded Italian Sara Errani defeated Romanian Monica Niculescu 2-6, 7-5, 6-1.


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Media Kit
Download our Media Toolkit for helpful advice on reporting on disability and information about the rollout of the NDIS.
For guidance and enquiries about the NDIS brand please send an email to the Communications team (external email link).
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Check our news page for latest news about the NDIS.
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This page provides videos (including webinars), cameos, personal stories and quotes of people with disability, families and carers, providers, our staff, and stakeholders. You can use these materials as per the attribution requirements.
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For all media enquiries, please contact the media duty officer on 0477 703 960. For all other enquiries please phone 1800 800 110.


text:
- Smash67%(10)52%(42)Vote49%(32)
- Date20%(3)25%(20)Vote26%(17)
- Marry13%(2)23%(18)Vote25%(16)
Date and we will smash night and day
Yes we would babe!
No marriage, but I'm glad to see another attention whore. It just feels like I'm the only one.
lol 😂😂
But obviously that's not you
Looks very nice - A bit young for me though.
lol no you're not wife material you just good for fun
Where is the "none" option on the poll?
I'd date you since I'm really into bi girls.
smash, but i can say marry too if i knew your nature and thinking.
Date. So we can smash a lot
Smash obviously. Date, sure. Marry? Hmm... after the date then we'll see.
Date you're good looking.
Smash all the time!!
Smash, marry then date.
Bang for sure
You seem cute but I like intellect too..
I'd say all of them actually
9/10 one night stand. No chance of dating or marriage.
you are really sexy but i dont know so smash for sure. more than that i dont know
you look very sexy, I would like to bang you hard <3
I vote date and smash for about a week straight until we both collapse from exhaustion.
Smash and forget.
nice try catfish -_-
6 private opinion(s)Only the asker and the opinion owner can see it. Learn more
date ;)
Looking good. 👍🏻
smells a lot like catfish in here____
ikr i smelt it on entry but i dont know for sure...
1 private opinion(s)Only the asker and the opinion owner can see it. Learn more


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This update only works with the EU/UK version of the game.


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Limping dog ?(14 Posts)
notapizzaeater Fri 08-Mar-13 23:45:21
poachedeggs Fri 08-Mar-13 23:34:33
ithasgonetotheopera Fri 08-Mar-13 23:29:18
ithasgonetotheopera Fri 08-Mar-13 23:28:20
ithasgonetotheopera Fri 08-Mar-13 23:26:37
poachedeggs Thu 07-Mar-13 07:42:46
notapizzaeater Tue 05-Mar-13 19:25:15
Lonecatwithkitten Tue 05-Mar-13 19:22:36
ginauk84 Tue 05-Mar-13 17:20:30
notapizzaeater Tue 05-Mar-13 17:10:11
ginauk84 Tue 05-Mar-13 16:21:10
notapizzaeater Sun 03-Mar-13 11:54:30
Labradorlover Sun 03-Mar-13 10:26:50
notapizzaeater Sun 03-Mar-13 08:59:45
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|Home | About | Journals | Submit | Contact Us | Français
Infantile spasms (ISS) are an epilepsy disorder frequently associated with severe developmental outcome and have diverse genetic etiologies. We ascertained 11 subjects with ISS and novel copy number variants (CNVs) and combined these with a new cohort with deletion 1p36 and ISS, and additional published patients with ISS and other chromosomal abnormalities. Using bioinformatics tools, we analyzed the gene content of these CNVs for enrichment in pathways of pathogenesis. Several important findings emerged. First, the gene content was enriched for the gene regulatory network involved in ventral forebrain development. Second, genes in pathways of synaptic function were overrepresented, significantly those involved in synaptic vesicle transport. Evidence also suggested roles for GABAergic synapses and the postsynaptic density. Third, we confirm the association of ISS with duplication of 14q12 and maternally inherited duplication of 15q11q13, and report the association with duplication of 21q21. We also present a patient with ISS and deletion 7q11.3 not involving MAGI2. Finally, we provide evidence that ISS in deletion 1p36 may be associated with deletion of KLHL17 and expand the epilepsy phenotype in that syndrome to include early infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Several of the identified pathways share functional links, and abnormalities of forebrain synaptic growth and function may form a common biologic mechanism underlying both ISS and autism. This study demonstrates a novel approach to the study of gene content in subjects with ISS and copy number variation, and contributes further evidence to support specific pathways of pathogenesis.
Infantile spasms (ISS) are characterized by clusters of epileptic spasms usually before the age of 1 year and are often associated with an electrodecrement and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram (EEG).1 Children with ISS tend to have poor developmental outcome, with an increased prevalence of autism.2 The increasing number of new single genes associated with ISS, including ARX, CDKL5, FOXG1, GRIN1, GRIN2A, MAGI2, MEF2C, SLC25A22, SPTAN1, and STXBP1, suggests diverse genetic causes.3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Many of these genes were identified from copy number variants (CNVs) or constitutional chromosomal rearrangements, suggesting that further study will lead to discovery of new ISS-associated genes.
Our initial review shows many of the ISS-associated genes cluster in two specific biological pathways: ventral forebrain development and forebrain synapse function. Abnormalities in ventral inhibitory GABAergic interneurons are implicated by the involvement of ARX and FOXG1, as both are transcription factors important in ventral forebrain development.15, 16 MEF2C may be a downstream transcriptional target of ARX and is differentially expressed in the forebrain in a mouse model of ISS with loss of Arx.17 Disturbance of the gene regulatory network involved in the development of the ventral forebrain, including GABAergic interneurons, is therefore our first hypothesis for ISS pathogenesis.
Second, several ISS-associated genes – GRIN1, GRIN2A, MAGI2, SPTAN1, and STXBP1 – are expressed in the pre- and/or postsynaptic membrane.18, 19, 20, 21 At the synapse a biologic relationship between ISS and autism is apparent, as several proteins associated with ISS interact with proteins implicated in autism pathogenesis.22, 23, 24, 25, 26 Forebrain synaptic dysfunction is therefore our second hypothesis for ISS pathogenesis.
Here, we present novel CNV data in 18 children with ISS, including 7 with deletion 1p36, and combine these with data from the literature to provide a more detailed bioinformatics analysis of gene content. We developed bioinformatics tools that integrate publicly available databases and network analysis algorithms to look for evidence of pathways of pathogenesis in ISS, and found enrichment for genes associated with ventral forebrain development and forebrain synaptic function, in addition to several other pathways.
Subjects with ISS were referred to the Infantile Spasms Registry and Genetic Studies (ARP) or to WBD for research analysis after abnormal findings on clinical chromosomal microarray (CMA). Our inclusion criteria consisted of diagnosis of ISS based on epileptic spasms with electrodecrement or diagnosis of other seizure type in the presence of hypsarrhythmia. Clinical CMA was performed on a variety of platforms according to the manufacturer's specifications as part of routine care. The inheritance of CNVs was established using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on parental samples, except for LR09-044 where confirmation studies on parental samples were performed using the BlueGnome 180K array (Bouty Technogenetics, Milan, Italy). Subject LR11-055 was validated by D7S2476 and D7S3196 in parents, and subject LR11-056 was validated on a higher resolution 244K Agilent array. Inheritance of the duplication of 15q11q13 in subject IS09-007 from the maternal allele was demonstrated by genotyping of 21376915. The research protocols were approved by the IRB committees of the University of Chicago, the University of Washington, and Washington University.
Subjects with deletions of 1p36 and ISS were identified by chromosome analysis or subtelomere FISH. Informed consent was obtained to collect further clinical information or had previously been obtained as part of a long standing research project under one investigator, with informed consent in each case (LGS). Array CGH was performed using various versions of the SignatureChip (Signature Genomics, Spokane, WA, USA; see Table 2). Inheritance was established using FISH or genotyping with microsatellite markers on parental samples. To verify KLHL17 deletion in subject 1p09-C, STS (sequence-tagged site) markers were designed and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed as described previously,27 using genomic DNA from the subject, her parents, hybrids containing the chromosome 1 with deletion from 1p09-C, and control DNA samples. These research studies were approved at Poznan University of Medical Sciences.
PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was searched from 1975 to 2010 for all abstracts in English containing patient reports of ISS associated with a CNV or chromosomal translocation. Publications were included if the clinical information was sufficient to confirm a diagnosis of ISS by criteria stated above, the CNV or chromosomal translocation was de novo, and breakpoints could be obtained. The Decipher database (https://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/) was searched using the term 'infantile spasms', and the clinical and genomic data of identified subjects were examined.
The gene content from the loci of interest was extracted based on the hg18 version of the UCSC genome browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu), using tools available through GEDI (http://gedi.ci.uchicago.edu/), and then handled with customized Perl and PHP scripts that interfaced with a MySQL database. Genes were evaluated for evidence of expression in the brain using the publicly available mouse databases in Supplementary Methods Table 1. Each gene was ranked for brain expression as yes, no, or unknown.
Genes with evidence of expression in the brain were then evaluated for a role in any of the eight steps of forebrain development and function, as detailed in the Supplementary Methods Table 2. This evidence was collected assisted by Pubmatrix (http://pubmatrix.grc.nia.nih.gov./) to carry out parallel searches of PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/), followed by manual review of the abstracts generated. Information about Gene Ontology (GO; http://geneontology.org) molecular function and biological process was also extracted with GEDI. A list of preliminary candidate genes for ISS was then compiled that had evidence for (1) expression in the brain followed by (2) role in one or more stages of forebrain development/function. These genes were termed preliminary candidate genes.
The list of preliminary candidate genes was then combined with the list of known ISS-associated genes and subjected to network analysis using String 8.3 (http://string-db.org/), an algorithm that mines publicly available protein–protein interaction data for direct and indirect associations.28 In order to minimize spurious associations, String analysis was performed with a confidence level of 0.9 (most stringent), and the Markov Clustering algorithm was used to identify the most relevant interactions.29 Additionally, GEDI functionality that integrates multiple sources of clinical, genomic, and biologic data were used to identify relationships between the preliminary candidate genes and potential pathways of ISS pathogenesis. To specifically evaluate the gene regulatory network of ventral forebrain development, the list of preliminary candidate genes was compared with the list of 84 genes differentially expressed in the forebrain of the Arx conditional knockout mouse.17 Genes shared in both lists were identified as potential genes interacting with this gene regulatory network. To specifically evaluate pathways of synaptic function, the list of preliminary candidate genes was compared with a list of 2912 genes extracted from GO that are involved in synaptic function (http://geneontology.org search on 'synapse') as well as the more specific child GO terms for synaptic transmission (GO:0007268), synaptic vesicle transport (GO:0048489), presynaptic membrane (GO:0042734), and postsynaptic density (GO:0014069). Genes present on overlapping lists were considered potential interactants in a specific synaptic biological process.
A Fisher's F-test was performed on the variance of the number of genes with role(s) in forebrain development that overlapped with pathways identified, compared with the variance in 200 genes with role(s) in forebrain development randomly selected from the BGEM data set (http://www.stjudebgem.org/web/
mainPage/mainPage.php; Supplementary Table 4). A value of P<0.05 was used as an indicator of statistically significant enrichment for a pathway. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 2.9.2 (obtained from http://www.r-project.org/).
Eleven subjects had CNVs identified on clinical CMA. The clinical and laboratory data are summarized in Table 1, and the genomic data are illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1. All CNVs were confirmed to be de novo, with the exception of the large 21.5 Mb duplication of 2q24.3q32.1 in subject IS10-021, which was presumed to be de novo although confirmatory samples were not available from the phenotypically normal parents. We also note the association of ISS in subject LR11-055 with deletion of the Williams syndrome region 7q11.23, subject IS09-007 with duplication of maternal 15q11q13, and duplication of 21q21 in subject LR10-282. The entire gene content of each CNV was included for bioinformatics analysis, with the exception of subject IS10-028, as the ISS critical region for duplication 14q12 has been narrowed down to FOXG1.11 Clinical details are presented in the Supplementary Clinical Data.
Seven subjects with deletions of 1p36 and ISS were studied. The clinical and laboratory data are summarized in Table 2, and the genomic data are illustrated in Figure 1. We compared deleted regions in this cohort and concluded that KCNAB2, previously suggested as a candidate for epilepsy30 was not likely critical for ISS pathogenesis, as this gene was not deleted in subjects 1p73-C and 1p93-C. The commonly deleted region in all seven subjects includes another epilepsy candidate, GABRD. However, ISS were not present in five subjects with interstitial deletions including GABRD, and epilepsy was only present in two of those patients.31 In subject 1p09-C, STS marker walking confirmed deletion of another candidate, KLHL17 (data not shown). Subject 1p09-C had electroclinical features consistent with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE, Ohtahara syndrome), illustrating the likely biologic similarities between EIEE and ISS. The gene content of the largest deletion in this cohort (1p105-C) was included in bioinformatics analysis. Clinical details for the deletion 1p36-ISS cohort are presented in the Supplementary Clinical Data.
Our search of PubMed found 189 publications, of which 13 had data of sufficient detail to derive breakpoints, and in which the diagnosis was clearly ISS. Reports of Pallister–Killian syndrome and Down's syndrome were excluded because of the large number of genes. Three additional reports of balanced translocations in patients with ISS were identified, but in only one was the breakpoint mapped and the translocation disrupted a gene. Our search of Decipher (accessed January 2011) found 8 subjects reported with ISS, but only in subject 1229 was the CNV de novo. This subject with a 3.69-Mb deletion of 1p36 was previously reported,32 and did not have ISS but rather partial epilepsy, so this patient was not included (personal communication, K Devriendt). Altogether, the gene content from five published loci (Table 3) underwent bioinformatics analysis.
The 11 novel CNVs, the largest region from our deletion 1p36-ISS cohort, and the 5 published loci analyzed contained 521 genes (Supplementary Table 1). Evidence for brain expression was found for 230 genes (Supplementary Table 2). Evidence that a gene was not expressed in the brain was found for 94 genes, and no data were found for 197 genes. Therefore, 291 genes were excluded from further analysis.
Of the 230 genes with evidence for brain expression, 82 had evidence of a role in at least one of the eight steps of forebrain development or function (Supplementary Table 3). These 82 genes were termed preliminary candidate genes. On the basis of the information presented below, the candidate genes were further refined to those that were the best candidates (Table 4).
Network analysis on the list of preliminary candidate genes identified several pathways likely to be significant in neurodevelopment. These included gap junction signaling, WNT signaling, ERBB-family signaling, GDNF-family signaling, neuronal cell adhesion, semaphorin signaling, including, as expected, ventral forebrain development, and several pathways of forebrain synapse function. Network analysis on the larger list of brain-expressed genes was not informative, because of the incompleteness of data regarding detailed expression patterns for many of the genes (data not shown).
We explored the connection between the preliminary candidate genes and the gene regulatory network of ventral forebrain development in more detail because of the association of ARX, FOXG1, and MEF2C with ISS. An additional subject with duplication of FOXG1 at 14q12 is reported here. DLX1 and DLX2 were present within the large duplication of 2q24.3q32.1; these are transcription factors directly upstream of ARX. Additionally, two other genes within 2q24.3q32.1, GAD1 and PDK1 are important in GABAergic interneuron development.33 Finally, one of the preliminary candidate genes, MAGEL2, was differentially expressed in the Arx conditional knockout mouse and on this basis was considered a candidate for involvement in ventral forebrain development. Figure 2a illustrates this expanded gene regulatory network with these genes as proposed members. Our gene content was significantly enriched for members of this pathway (P<0.001).
These pathways were first identified by the association of MAGI2, SPTAN1, and STXBP1 with ISS. During the course of this work, two additional genes expressed in the synapse were associated with ISS – GRIN112 and GRIN2A13 – providing additional validation for involvement of these pathways in ISS pathogenesis. In all, 15 of the 82 preliminary candidate genes overlapped with synaptic pathways. The presence of the GABRA5, GABRG3, and GABRB3 GABA receptor subunits in the 15q11q13 critical region suggests that abnormalities in GABAergic synapses have a role in ISS pathogenesis when duplicated from the maternal allele (Figure 2b). Additionally, copy number changes in several pre- and postsynaptic expressed genes were identified, including CRIPT, ERRB4, SNPH, and STX1A. Network analysis identified a functional relationship between SNPH and STX1A, which in turn interacts with the ISS-associated STXBP1 (Figure 3a). ERRB4 interacts with the postsynaptic density protein DLG4, which associates with the ISS-associated GRIN1 and GRIN2A (Figure 3b). KLHL17 is an actin-binding protein that interacts with GRIK2 in the postsynaptic density.34 Our gene content was significantly enriched for members of the pathway of synaptic vesicle transport (GO:0048489) (P<0.001).
As these subjects were referred for study based on discovery of a pathogenic CNV, our data cannot be used to determine the frequency of pathogenic CNV in ISS. However, the data generally support the concepts that ISS have a genetic basis and that CNVs are relevant for study in children with this disorder. By analyzing the gene content in these CNVs, we present evidence to support at least two hypotheses of ISS pathogenesis, specifically abnormalities in ventral forebrain development and pathways of pre- and postsynaptic function.
Seven of the novel CNVs reported are microduplications, and assigning pathogenicity remains preliminary until more data exist on the effect of gene dosage on phenotype.35 More data are available regarding the effects of gene dosage in genomic microdeletions36 and we addressed these issues by examining DECIPHER for haploinsufficiency scores when compiling our list of ISS candidate genes.
The subjects in this report had a spectrum of developmental epilepsy related to ISS37 and included 13 children with ISS and hypsarrhythmia on EEG, 2 with other seizure types associated with hypsarrhythmia that we include based on previous studies,38 and 1 child with Ohtahara syndrome. Some of the subjects responded to standard ACTH therapy, while others developed intractable epilepsy. Several developed severe developmental impairment, autism, self-injurious behavior, or combinations of these problems. This is consistent with the clinical heterogeneity already described in patients with mutations in ISS-associated genes. Phenotype–genotype correlations are not possible with the subject numbers here, but correlations may emerge as larger patient numbers are ascertained. We also report ISS with hypsarrhythmia in a subject with duplication of 15q11q13, associating ISS with the most common chromosomal cause of autism.39 The finding of ISS in a subject with duplication of 21q21 may reduce the critical region for ISS in Down syndrome.
As ARX was the first gene associated with ISS, much information is known about its role in ventral forebrain development. Arx-deficient mice have severe deficits in GABAergic interneurons while conditional mutants deleting Arx from ganglionic eminence-derived neurons have seizures similar to those observed in patients with ARX mutations.40, 41 Other genes important in ISS pathogenesis may be present in the regulatory network that directs ventral forebrain development, including FOXG1 upstream and MEF2C downstream. Duplications of FOXG1 at 14q12 have been associated with ISS,8, 11 and we report here an additional subject with this association. This study then identified candidate genes to expand this network further.
The presence of DLX1 and DLX2 within the large duplication of 2q24.3q32.1 suggests that copy number changes of genes linked in a functional network with ARX are involved in ISS pathogenesis. Mice lacking Dlx1 show loss of specific interneuron subtypes and have epilepsy,42 although there is not yet a phenotype described with duplication. Other genes interacting with ARX were identified to have abnormal copy number in ISS subjects. MAGEL2 is expressed in the developing hypothalamus,43 and is a candidate given the hypothesized role for abnormalities in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and ACTH-responsiveness in ISS patients.44
One specific synaptic functional pathway, synaptic vesicle transport, and was enriched for genes with altered copy number in this study. SNPH has a role in presynaptic exocytosis,45 and Snph deletion in the mouse results in abnormal presynaptic function.46 CHL1 is a chaperon of the presynaptic SNARE complex.47 Additional genes expressed in the postsynaptic density/postsynaptic membrane, were of interest as well. CRIPT is involved in membrane support in close proximity to SHANK proteins.48, 49 We report the fourth patient with a deletion of 7q11.23 that does not include MAGI2,50, 51 raising the possibility that other genes, such as FZD9 and/or STX1A or other factors, may contribute to ISS in patients with Williams syndrome.
Genes were also identified with specific roles in GABAergic synapse function. ERBB4 is involved in GABAergic signaling in inhibitory interneurons,52 promotes interneuron migration, and is regulated by ARX.53 Several genes for GABA receptor subunits – GABRA5, GABRD, GABRG3, and GABRB3 – also had abnormal copy number in ISS subjects. GABRA5 is notably involved in interneuron function in the hippocampus.54 JAKMIP1 regulates GABRB2 mRNA, and can also be added to the list of genes involved in GABAergic synaptic function.55
As past reports indicated that 25% of deletion 1p36 syndrome patients may develop ISS,56 we wished to look closely at the gene content of deletion 1p36 subjects with ISS. The critical region(s) for ISS, and for epilepsy in general in deletion 1p36, have included GABRD and KCNAB230 as candidates. Our data suggest that in some subjects overlap exists with GABRD and KCNAB2, although a recent series of patients with GABRD deleted did not have ISS, and epilepsy in general was only variably present.31 Therefore, a more specific critical region for ISS derived from our data may include KLHL17. KLHL17 interacts with the kainate-type glutamate receptor subunit GRIK2, a key member of the postsynaptic density network centered on DLG4.34 KLHL17 also binds actin in the postsynaptic density,57 and may be involved in structural support of the postsynaptic membrane in a manner similar to the ISS-associated MAGI2.19 This candidate region overlaps partially with the critical region for polymicrogyria (PMG)58 and coincides with a reported deletion 1p36 patient with both PMG and ISS.59 These findings must be treated with caution, however, as position effect, incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity may have a role in epilepsy type in 1p36 deletion patients.
Two themes emerged from these analyses: (1) pathways of GABAergic interneuron development and synaptic function may be linked in ISS pathogenesis; (2) several genes expressed in the presynaptic STX1A and SNARE complexes, as well as others in the postsynaptic density DLG4 complex, were identified with altered copy number in ISS subjects. These gene products are in close proximity to several autism-associated proteins. This leads to the hypothesis that abnormalities in proteins involved in forebrain GABAergic synaptic growth and function may form a common biologic mechanism underlying both autism and ISS, and that the increased prevalence of autism in children with a history of ISS may not be simply a result of epileptic encephalopathy.
In conclusion, we report 8 novel CNVs and additional children with 4 known CNVs from a group of 23 children with ISS and abnormal clinical CMA. We then used a novel bioinformatics approach to evaluate these CNVs to study several hypotheses of pathogenesis. We identified candidate genes and biologic pathways that will serve as targets for further validation studies. Finally, we argue that several of these biologic pathways of ISS pathogenesis are linked and involve forebrain GABAergic interneuron development, as well as GABAergic and other pathways of pre- and postsynaptic function.
We wish to thank the families of the subjects who enrolled in this study. The study was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health including NINDS Neurologic Sciences Academic Development Award K12 NS001690-12 to ARP and R01-NS046616 to WBD; Washington University Children's Discovery Institute, Grant MD-F-2010-62 to ARP; and the Ministry of Education and Science, Poland, Grant NN 301238836 to MG.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on European Journal of Human Genetics website (http://www.nature.com/ejhg)
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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[ Book Chapter Journal Conference Workshop Tech Report]
Aggregate similarity search, also known as aggregate nearest neighbor (Ann) query, finds many useful applications in spatial and multimedia databases. Given a group Q of M query objects, it retrieves from a database the objects most similar to Q, where the simi- larity is an aggregation (e.g., sum, max) of the distances between each retrieved object p and all the objects in Q. In this paper, we propose an added flexibility to the query definition, where the similarity is an aggre- gation over the distances between p and any subset of phi objects in Q for some support 0 < phi le 1. We call this new definition flexible aggregate similarity search, and accordingly refer to a query as a flexible aggre- gate nearest neighbor (Fann) query. We present algo- rithms for answering Fann queries exactly and approx- imately. Our approximation algorithms are especially appealing, which are simple, highly efficient, and work well in both low and high dimensions. They also return near-optimal answers with guaranteed constant-factor approximations in any dimensions. Extensive experi- ments on large real and synthetic datasets from 2 to 74 dimensions have demonstrated their superior efficiency and high quality.
We present the Simba (Spatial In-Memory Big data Analytics) system, which offers scalable and efficient in-memory spatial query processing and analytics for big spatial data. Simba natively extends the Spark SQL engine to support rich spatial queries and analytics through both SQL and DataFrame API. It enables the construction of indexes over RDDs inside the engine in order to work with big spatial data and complex spatial operations. Simba also comes with an effective query optimizer, which leverages its indexes and novel spatial-aware optimizations, to achieve both low latency and high throughput in big spatial data analysis. This demonstration proposal describes key ideas in the design of Simba, and presents a demonstration plan.
Many companies choose the cloud as their data and IT infrastructure platform. The remote access of the data brings the issue of trust, and the potential risk of compromising sensitive information should not be underestimated. Despite the use of strong encryption schemes, adversaries can still learn valuable information regarding encrypted data by observing the data access patterns. To that end, one can hide the access patterns, which may leak sensitive information, using Oblivious RAMs (ORAMs). Numerous works have proposed different ORAM constructions. Nevertheless, many such ORAM constructions are of only theoretical interest, hence, are notuseful in practice. Several more practical ORAM constructions do exist, but they have never been thoroughly compared against and tested on large databases. There are no open source implementation of these schemes, making such a study challenging to carry out (since most ORAMs are quite contrived in terms of both theoretical analysis and practical implementations).These limitations make it difficult for researchers and practitioners to choose and adopt a suitable ORAM for their applications. To address this issue, we provide a thorough study over several practical ORAM constructions, and implement them under the same library. We perform extensive experiments to provide insights into their performance characteristics with respect to efficiency, scalability, and communication cost. Lastly, we plan to release our ORAM implementations through GitHub so that the communities at large may benefit from and contribute to an open source ORAM library under one unified framework.
Large spatial data becomes ubiquitous. As a result, it is critical to provide fast, scalable, and high-throughput spatial queries and analytics for numerous applications in location-based services (LBS). Traditional spatial databases and spatial analytics systems are disk-based and optimized for IO efficiency. But increasingly, data are stored and processed in memory to achieve low latency, and CPU time becomes the new bottleneck. We present the Simba (Spatial In-Memory Big data Analytics) system that offers scalable and efficient in-memory spatial query processing and analytics for big spatial data. Simba is based on Spark and runs over a cluster of commodity machines. In particular, Simba extends the Spark SQL engine to support rich spatial queries and analytics through both SQL and the DataFrame API. It introduces the concept and construction of indexes over RDDs in order to work with big spatial data and complex spatial operations. Lastly, Simba implements an effective query optimizer, which leverages its indexes and novel spatial-aware optimizations, to achieve both low latency and high throughput. Extensive experiments over large data sets demonstrate Simba%u2019s superior performance compared against other spatial analytics system.


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The OIAN Blog site
Hey All,
Just wanted to introduce the now completed design of The OIAN Blog Site which we have put a whole ton of work into to make it just right both in terms of looks and the navigation of the Blog.
That said, quick note on the intention of the site. Originally, we were intending a small simple blog to promote our main site The OIAN however, we decided to do much more with the Blog. Now the Blog is a NO BS review, designed as what we like to call a diary review of just about any product. Though most topics will be web products, we are looking at real physical products too. Again, our goal is to call a spade a spade in our reviews so drop by our Blog if nothing else it may just entertain you for a it.
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weGrow (aka The "Walmart of Weed") Opens Today
Governor Jan Brewer may have brought this week's roll out of Arizona's Medical Marijuana Act to a partial halt, but that's not stopping today's grand opening of the America's first "marijuana superstore" in the Valley.
The 21,000-square-foot store, at 2937 West Thomas Road, will start selling all manner of grow lights, soil nutrients, and other ganja-growing gear.
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