text:
2006 6th Intermational Coference on ITS Teleconuiiic&ations Proceedings
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
enges and
Saleh Yousefi', MAhmoud Siadat MIousavi2 Mahmood Fathy' 1. Iran University of Science and Technology {syousefi
2. ITS Persia Institute siadat:aitspersia. com} Abstract- Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a subclass of mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach for future intelligent transportation system (ITS). These networks have no fixed infrastructure and instead rely on the vehicles themselves to provide netw ork functionality. However, due to mobility constraints, driver behavior, and high mobility, VANETs exhibit characteristics that are dramatically different from many generic MANETs. This article provides a comprehensivxe study of challenges in these networks, wihich we concentrate on the problems and proposed solutions. Then we outline current state of the research and future perspectives. With this article, readers can have a more thorough understanding of xvehicle ad hoc networking and the research trends in this area.
INTRODUCTION I. The integration of comnnlnication technology in state-of theart vehicles has begun years ago: Car phones and Intnet access based on cellular technologies as well as Blnetooth adapters for the integration of mobile devices are popnlar examples. However, the direct cominunication between vehicles nsing an Ad Hoc network, referd to as itter-vehicle conmnmucation (IVC) or vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs), is a relatively new approach. Compared to a cellnlar system, IVC has three key advantages: lower latency due to direct comuinication,i broader coverage and having no service fee. Recently, the promises of wireless comminncations to support vehicnlar safety applications have led to several research projects around world: the Vehicle Safety Communications Consortium [1] developiig the DSRC techiology [2] (USA), the Interet ITS Consortium [3] (Japan), the PReVENT project [4] (Europe) or the 'Network on Wheels' project (Genrmany) [5] are soine samples To cater to the emerging wireless comnnumcation needs with regard to vehicles, in July 2003 ASTM and IEEE adopted the Dedicated Short Range ConiMnnication (DSRC) standard (ASTM E 2213-03) [61. The aim of this standard is to provide wireless conunnnications capabilities for transportation applications within a 1000 m range at typical highway speeds. It provides seven 10 MIz clannels at the 5.9 GHz licensed band for ITS applications, with different channels designated for different applications, including one specifically reserved for vehicle-to-vehicle conmunnications.
Thie specific properties of VANETs allow the development of attractive new services. Some cnrrently discussed examples in the two most relevant areas safety and comfort are as follows [7]3. 1) Comfort Applications: This type of application improves passenger comfort and traffic efficielcy and/or optimizes the route to a destination. Examples for this category are: trafficinformation system, weather information, gas station or restanrant location and pnce informtfion, and interative communmication snch as Intetet access or music download. 2) Safety Applications: Applications of this category increase the safety of passengers by exchanging safety relevant information via IVC. The i'nfortion is either presented to the driver or used to activate an actuator of an active safty system. Example applications of this class are: emergency warning system, lane-changiing assistant, intersection coordination, traffic sign/signal violation waning, and road-condition warnig. Applications of this class usually demand direct vehicle-to-vehicle comninication due to the stringent delay reqLirements. Althongh tinch effort is weded until these applications come to realty, dissemination of vanous messages is the most i:mportant challenge. In this paper we focns on networking problems which should be addressed for message exchanging between vehicles in VANETs. Since VANETs are new topic of interest in scientific and indnstry community, we strongly believe a comprehensive survey study about the topic is needed. In the previous work [8] the atithors had a review of works in vanous protocol stack layers. However we will concentrate on the mechanisms instead of protocol stack layers, and then describe each mechanism which can be implemented in different layers. In this work we first classify the challenges as shown in fig. 1, and then describe networking strategies whch shonld be considered. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: We clarify distinctive networking properties of VANETs in section 3. In section 4 the literature abont safety applications has been reviewed and in section 5 we will bn'ng to debate previous works about comfort applications. In the section 6 we briefly introdnce efforts going on for simulation of VANETs and
mobility modeling. Finally in sections 7, 8 We conclude our survey and outline some open problems for future woorks.
c) The IVC ntwtork has small efctive network diameter. Rapid changes in lii's connectivity cause many pas to disconnect before they can be utilized. In [14] authors studied the effective network diameter in a typical VANETs. This characteristic is important for mostly comfott application as they need to establish unicast and multicast routes (e.g., to the internet gateway). d) No significant power constraints, unlike sensor and other types of mobile netwoiks where limited battery life is a major conicem. 'i Potentially large-scale: In a city ceinter or highways at the entrance of big cities the network could be quite large scale. Variable Network density: the ntwork's densit depends on vehicular density which is highiy variable. In traffic jam situations the network can be categonzed in very dense networks xx hilst in suburban traffics it could be a sparse ntwork. g) The topology of the network could be afected by driver's behavior due to his/her reaction to the messages. In other words the content of messages can change net-work's topology.
Figure1. Networking challenges in VANETs
NETWORKING PROPERTIES OF VANETs
VANETs are an instantiation of a nmobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs). MANETs have no fixed infrastrcture and instead rely on ordinary nodes to perform routing of messages and network management functions. However, Whicle Ad Hoc networks behave in fundamnentally different ways than the models that predormiated MANET research. Dnrver behavior, constrMints on mobility, and high speeds create unique Characten'stics in IVC networks. These characteristics have importanit implications for design decisions in these networks. The major differences are as follows. a) Rapid changes in the VANETs topology are difficullt to manage. Due to high relative speed between cars network's topology changes very fast. In [9], [101 authors tnred to find the approximation of link's lifetime and [11] tried to find trajectory dturation for a typical highway scenano through simulation. Although their results could be useful, they are valuable just for considered scenanros. b) The IVC network is subtject to frequent fragmentation, even at a high rate of IVC deployment. Although the connectivity characteristic of MANETs has been studied broadly, there is few research which tries to tackle this problem. It is mostly because VANET's connectivity depends on the scenario. In [12][13] authors tries to captures some relationlships between the model of velhicular mobility and connectivity of the networks, but since the results are from simulation they are specific-purpose. Of course being connective for VANETs is not important for emergency safety messages since while the nietwork is not connected there is no problem in safety point of view.
Examples of veihicle-to-vehlicle safety comiunication may include collision waning, road obstacle warning, cooperative driving, intersection collision warning, and lane change assistance [15]. There are two types of safety messages circulak in the control channel (e.g., of DSRC) and can be classified depending on how they are generated: event driven and periodic. The first ones are the result of the detection of an unsafe situation, (eg., a car crash, the proximity of vehicles at high speed, etc). Periodic inessages instead can be seen as preventive messages in terms of safety, and their information can also be used by otlher (non-safety) applications (e.g., traffic nmonitoning) or protocols (e.g., routing). Periodic message exchange (also called beaconing) is needed to mnake vehicles aware of their environment. Thus, they will be able to avoid emergency or unsafe situations even before they appear. Therefore beacon messages essentially contain the stat of the sending vehicle, i.e., position, direction, speed, etc., and also aggregated data regarding the state of their neighbors. It is reasonable to assume that these periodic messages will be sent in a broadcast fashion since the messages' content can be beneficial for all vehicles around. In the following we come to debate the previous related works attempting to providing safety applications. MAC Layer Issues.: As mentioned before, event driven messages should have higher priority than periodic and comfort messages. Thus some mechamnsms for service differentiation and admission control are needed. In the other words, we could define thee levels of priority. event drien safety messages, beacomni sakty messages and comfort messages, in decreasing order.
These mecan'isms are highly depended on MAC layer policy. Therefore in the first step the research and industry comnumnuity should standardized a standard for MAC layer in VANETs. There are some promising MAC techniques for future VANETs [16]. Currently IEEE 802.1 la is chosen by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) to be basis for its standard of DSRC [2] and IEEE P 1609 Working Group is proposing DSRC as IEEE 802.11p standard [15]. However MAC layers based on UTRA TDD [17] , promoted by CarTALK cani be another alternative. Also still some efforts are ruinng on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) [181. Messag Dissemination: Due to specific charactenrstics of saety messages, broadcasting could be the only possible way for message exchange. So it could be possible to get complete coverage to all relevant vehicles. Message forwarding can help warning message reach vehicles beyond the radio transmission aWge. In [15], the authors propose a multi-hop broadcast protocol based on slotreservationMAC. Considen'g the scenario that not all vehicles will be equipped with wireless transceivers, emergeny message forwarding in sparsely conncted ad 1oc network consisting of highly mWbile vehicles is studied in [19]. Motion properties of vehicles are exploited in [201 to help with message relay. Two protocols to reduce the amount of fotwarding messages were proposed in [211. In [22] authors presented several cottext-aware packet forwarding protocols for intra-platoon scenarios. Also in [23] some other algonritms haxe been proposed which can help vehlicles to limit the efcts of broadcast stonn problem. Clustering: Clustering neighbor vehicles into manageable umiits, is crucial to achlieve efficient an reliable sakty conununications. Without boundanres among vehicles. Too man vehicles can interfere with ech other in contetiion fbr radio bandwidth for transmissions. * All messages may propagate everywhere, flooding the system with messages. Although maW clustering algorithms are proposed in the literature [24], i a vehicle network where nodes may be densely populated and lined on roadways, the conventional clustenug strategies may not be effective to form efficient groups and organize vehicles in clusters. More efficient orgaizing methods need to be derived with consideration of the vehicular environmnent. In [25] authors proposed a novel grouping (clustering) niethod for vehicle ad hoc networks called Local Peer Groups (LPGs). Two alternatives for the proposed grouping are. static and dynamic LPGs. Also application level clustering has been discussed in [26] which considers die problem of groW managing in application layer Powver assignment: Independently of the type of MAC, mobile nodes exchange information with their neighbors and form a network topology. The topology varies with time as users move, radio channel characteristics vary and users may join or leave die netwoik. Ofred traffic, that is, the density of active users per unit area, greatly affects topology. It is well known that when user
density is low, a high percentage of nodes may be isolated or form isolated clusters. It is possible to cope with this problem by increasing transnnssion power, in order to let nodes communmicate even if the network is lightly populated. On the other hand, if the user density is too high, nodes compete for radio transmission resources and the average amount of radio capacity per user may be excessively small. This problem can be approached by reducing traisnsission power so that, in a given area, fewer nodes compete for the radio channel. The key system parameter involved in this problem is transmission power. If nodes transmit at fixed power. they will find few neighbors if traffic is low or an excessive number of nighbors if offered traffic is high. By adusting transnnssion power adaptively, that is, by iicreasing power when the number of neighbors is small and by decreasing power when the number of neighbors is large, a node jointly copes with the isolation problem at low load and with the litmited syst;em capacity at high load. Although Chanel capacity and power control are broadly studied concepts in ad hoc networks and large number of studies tried to optimze the channel troughput or capacity adjusting the transmission power. Up to now, The particularity of having safety as main goal brings to VANETs new constraints not considered before. Most of the stLdies address unicast cevironments and try to improve the spatial reuse minimizing the interference or energy consumption. These studies find the path to the destination that minimizes energy consumption and/or maximizes the overall dnoughput. In the category of 'energy concerned protocols' would fit most of the topology control proposals such as [27] that propose adaptive algorithms that make use of only local information to adjjust dieir power. Although we can find related issues and methodologies in all these works we have to remember that energy efficiency is not an issue in VANETs where nodes have unflimited power supply. In addition, another common goal of diese approaches is to keep the network conuected for umiicast flows, which is a totally different approach than the one in VANETs. the most related piece of work to our special case is as folloxs: Li et al. in two steps [28] and [29] propose, first, an analytical model able to find a transmission power that maximizes 1-hop broadcast coverage and, second, an adaptive algorithm that converges to the beforehand fixed transmission power. Although they focus on a pure broadcast environment their assumptions make their approach infeasible for VANETs: a) all nodes are static and b) all nodes use the same transmission power. In [30] authors proposed a power assignment algorithn called FPAV the goal is to mke sure that nodes close to the sender will receive its messages with high probability while ensuring fairess in the overall system. Authors in [31] discus an important characteristic of VANETs: dependency of network density on the chaeatenrstics of vehicle traffic flow. Thus they found a method for estimating density of vehicles widiout any message
exchanging by using traffic flow theory. By using this estimation each vehicle can set its transmission range for better network performance. In other work G. Caizzone at el., proposed a power control algon'thm which is based only on local information and no exchange of power-related signling among nodes is required [32]. This target is obtained by controlling transmission power, so that the number of neighbors of each node is alwxay s within a minimllum and maximum threslold. IV. COMFORT APPLICATIONS Generally, four services that have inumediate application for comfort issues are uicast, multicast, anycast and scan. To illustrate an application using these services, consider a vehicle (or a traffic signal controller) wisling to obtain iformation concerning some remote region. The vehicle/controller needing the information first queries its own proximity (nmulticast) to determine if a near-by vehicle happens to have this information. An vehicle haVing such information can respond (unicast with approximatej?recise location). If no one replies within a certain ainount of time, the velhicle/controller sends a uery to any vehicle in the remote region (anvyast). Receivers in the remote region with this information can respond. The response can be disseminated as unicast with approxinateprecise location, or multicast if caching is desired. Another application is mobile Internet access. Fixed location Interet gateways may be placed along roads. A vehicle wish:ing to access the Inteniet first propagates a query through a region for gateways (6can). Gatways receiving the query can respond to the requiesting vehicle (unicast with approximate location). The reqLesting vehicle picks one responder and begins to interact with it. The conmunication from the vehicle to the gatway is unicast with exact location while the reverse direction is unicast with approximnate location. Because of distinctive networking claracteristics of VANETs as described before in this paper, data dissemination, especially, comfort inessages comes on the shadow of a class of routing strategies which discuss the problem in sparse nietworks. In the following we brictly introduce these algorithms and investigate their applicability to VANETs. Data delivery in ad-hoc network heavily relies on the routing protocol, which has been extensively studied for many years. However, inost protocols assume that intermediate nodes can be found to setup an end-to-end connection; othervise, the packet will be dropped. Since the network diameter in VANETs is relatively small, there should be other strategies for data delivery in vehicle networks and tmditional algonrthms are not applicable. To deal with disconnections in sparse ad hoc networks, researchers [33] adopt the idea of carry and forward, where nodes carry the packet when routes do not exist, and forward the packet to the new receiver that moves into its vicim. There exist three important categones of data
delivery protocols which can be used in companion with cam and forward mechanism in VANETs: Geographical forwarding, Trajectory based forwarding, Opportum'stic forwarding, which have been discussed bnrefly in following. In addition recently some algorithms have been presented which use the comnbination of two or three of the mentioned mechanisms[34] [35] Geographic Forwarding Geographic routing uses nodes' locations as their addresses, and forwards packets (xvhen possible) in a greedy manner towards the destination. The most Widely klown proposal is GFG/GPSR [36]. One of the key challenges in geographic routing is how to deal with deadends, where greedy routing fails because a node has no neighbor closer to the destination; a variety of methods (such as perimeter routilng in GPSR/GFG) have been proposed for this. More recently, GOAFR+[37] proposes a method for routing around voids that is both asymptotically worst case optimal as well as average case efficient. GeograpWic routing is scalable, as nodes ony keep state for their neighbors, and supports a frilly general any-to-any communication pattern without explicit route establishment. This forwarding strategy can be used in vehicular ad hoc networks for both unicasting and multicasting [38]. Traqjectr7 Forwarding: This mechanism [39] directs messages along predefined trajectones. It was presented to work well in a dense network. Despite their sparseness, V2V networks should be a natural application of trajectory based forwarding because messages are moving along the road graph. Trajectory forwarding can help limit data propagation along specific paths and thus reduce message oxerhlead. A forwarding tmjectory is specified as a path extending from the source to the destination region. The road ntwork can be abstracted as a directed graph with nodes representing intersections and edges representing road segments. Geographical forwarding attempts to move the message geographiccally closer to die destintion. For an ad-hoc network deployed in a two-dimensional area, geographical distance is often defined as Cartesian distance [40].Howexver, in V2V networks, geographical distance has to be defined as graph distance [41]. Opportunistic forwarding: This mechanism as suggested in [42]. targets networks where ani end-to-end path cannot be assumed to exist. Messages are stored and forwarded as opportumties present themselves. When a message is forwarded to another node, a copy may remain with the onginal and be forwarded agaln later to improve reliabiit. Some simple linplementations, eg., two nodes exchange data whenever they can conmumcate [43], work well if the data needs to be propagated to everybody. But they are inefficient if a message is to be delivered to some specific receivers, e.g., those in a certain region. In this case, it is more efficient to forward messages in a way that they migrate closer to the eventual destination, and not to others. In VANETs, since vehicles are moving in roads, it is possible their opportunistic neet for exchanging information. In [44] authors describe an
This paper presents a state of the art survey in networking analytical description of message dissemination which is based on opportunistic forwarding. challenges in vehicular ad hoc network which is a promising In [34] authors proposed a data dissemination technique technology for intelligent transportation system (ITS). Although many problems are not yet solved, the general called vehicle-assisted data delivery (VADD) which is based on the idea of cary and forward This method makes use of the feeling is that vehicles could benefit from spontaneous wireless predicable mobility, which is limited by the traffic pattern and commuications in a near fuLtre, making VANETs (Vehicular road layout. Another sample in this category is MDDV [35]. It Ad-Hoc Networks) a reality. In this way we classified the exploit vehicle mobility for data dissemination, and combines problems into several aspects and surveyed each issue bnrefly. In the following we smnmarize the paper and present some the idea of opportunistic forwarding, trajectory based and forward1in. proposals for the fututr works. forwarding geographical
V. MOBILITY MODELING AND SIMULLATION For Classical MANETs studies, researchers often adopt a common set of simulation parameters, such as: * The nwumber of nodes is small (i.e., <10m).
* Nodes move in an open field. * Nodes move according to a random waypoint model or the Manhattan mobility mode with aibitrary pause times and often with arbitrarily uniform speed distributions between 0 and
* Nodes transmit signals that propagate withoLt error to other nodes witliin a radius of 250m. Such parameter settings are cleatly inadequate for nany MANETs, and particularly for VANETs. For example, in [45], the authors have shown that the relationslhip between distance and signal reception between two nodes is, at best, weakly corelated over large distances. Further, besides settings such as conwentions in large confeirence halls, it is difficult to imagine many scenaros where nodes will move in an open field and/or in a way that can be accurately modeled by random waypoints. Specifically in VANETs, the number of nodes is generally large, the inobility of these nodes is constrained by roads and their velocities muLst be adjusted according to traffic control inechanisms (e g. stop signs and traffic lights), speed limits and the level of congestion in the vehicular netwvork. The ad-hoc research community is increasingly aware of the limitations resulting from some of these simplifying assumptions [45]. In the context of VANETs, various research groups are designing experiments that better model real vehicular traffic scenarios. For example [46] uses CORSIM, a proprietary vehicular traffic simulator, to provide mobility traces for the simulation. Also in [ 47] a new mobility model call STRAW which incorporates a simple car-following model with traffic control to introduce vehicular congestion, which models real traffic conditions. There is another trend toward coupling betveen network simulators (e.g., NS, GloMoSim) with Vehicle traffic simulators (e.g., CORSIM, VISSIM). So co-simulation of ietwork traffic and vehicle traffic can be conducted [48]. Another advantage of this approach is that the effects of dnver behavior can be simulated [49]. VI.
1. For being practical. it is needed that research and industry commumty come to agreemnent about a MAC technology. The trend is toward an eXtension Of IEEE 802. 11 called DSRC 2. Because of the emergeicy of safety messages and their strict QOS requirement, there is a severe need to optimum methodologies for service difereitiation and admission control. 3. Due to limited bandwidth of channel, there is a need for some techniques for controlling the amount of data sent to the netWork. This problem addressed in [15] as congestion conitrol. 4. Efficient broadcasting for safety messages for getting full coverage and low latency should be addressed increasingly. 5. There are some cotfort applications which will have very good business market (e.g., in-vehlicle internet access). For providing these applications many problems related to routing in partitioned ad hoc networks should be solved. 6. General charactenrstics of VANETs (i.e., connectivity, coverge) are deeply related to the traffic flow, which is varable both in time and spac. It is strong belief that these charactenrstics should be captured in a way to design reliable and high performance protocols and application. There are some works in this area [ 31] [50 ] but mtch effort is needed. 7. Since the mobility of VANETs can not be captured by general mobility models of MANETs, special mobility models by mAing use of traffic flow theory shoulld be proposed. So the simulation results could be trustable. 8. Since expernmental evaluation of VANETs is expensive, simulation technique should be improved. There are some works attempting to conduct co-simulation. In this case two or three simulators, simulate network anid traffic charactenrstics and driver behavior.
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Published on Jun 3, 2008
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): Challenges and Perspectives


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|Graphic Print

subset: commoncrawl


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cOMMUNITY EVENTS
Congratulations Pastor Joe Mills on receiving the "Person of the Year" Award from the Westchester Chamber of Commerce. We appreciate your dedication and commitment to our community! The award will presented at "Celebrate Westchester" event on Saturday, January 23rd at the Alpine Banquet Haus. Tickets are available for $65 for the meal and evening. From your
Westchester Chamber of Commerce
An Educational Forum for business owners: Tax codes and changes you need to know for 2016—is Tuesday, January 12, 11:30 a.m. at the Library. It is sponsored by the Economic Development Committee, chaired by Pastor Joe.
Is the dance fitness class that's fun., en-ergetic and will make you feel amazing! Monday evenings at 6 pm, Saturday morning at 10 am. Ditch the Workout, join the Party!! For more information, please email email@example.com Takes place here at WCC


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|Name: Big Lead Mine
|Author's Rating:
|Author: Matt Marine
|Avg. User Rating: No votes yet
|Type: 4WD
|Difficulty: (Moderate 4WD)
|Time: 1- 2 hours
|Region: SW Arizona
|Length: 6.2 miles total (roundtrip)
|Elevation gain/loss/change: ~ +678 ft / -678 / +0 ft (roundtrip)
|Type: Out and back
|Avg Elevation: 4200 ft
|Best time to go: fall, summer (after rains), spring, winter
|Fees: NA
|Fitness rating: Low
|Educational Merit: Medium
|Danger/fear rating: Low
|Scenic Beauty: Medium
|Hours of Operation: NA
|Last updated: January, 2015
|Short Description: A little known trail to a mine rich with crystals, stone and adobe ruins and an old arrastra
|Geocaches: A few geocaches in the area: Guajalote Peak; Guajolote Flate; Ruby Challenge
|References / Contact Information: None at this time
|Points of interest: Mine with lots of interesting rocks, adobe and stone ruins, an old arrastra, Golden Rose Mine ruins, Paloma 4WD adventure
|Special Considerations: Lots of old mines in this area, stay away from open mine shafts and be careful of mine tailings.Trail is located in illegal immigrant and smuggler high traffic area, see page regarding warning. I have heard this area has become more dangerous in the past few months (mid 2016). Use extreme caution when visiting this area.
|How to get there: From highway 82, head east on Dusquesne Road for approximately 5 miles until you reach the turnoff on FR4662 at Waypoint 001. Take a left onto the trail. Click here for directions.
Trail Description
NOTE: Trail is located in illegal immigrant and smuggler high traffic area, see page regarding warning. I have heard this area has become more dangerous in the past few months (mid 2016). Use extreme caution when visiting this area.
This is a short 4WD trail to an old mine called the Big Lead Mine. There are lots of interesting rocks at the mine, many with some interesting crystal formations. Rock hounds may find this particularly fun. The kids who went with us had a great time looking through the rocks for the crystals. I'm not a rock hound, so not sure what kind they were, but it was a lot of fun.
In addition to the mine, there are quite a few ruins along this trail and in the area if you know where to look. I am not including exact coordinates for these, but they are not difficult to find. There is also a cool old arrastra nearby. It's a wonderful place to explore.
General Information and History
I do not have any information on this adventure. Any information would be greatly appreciated.
The Trail
NOTE: I went on this trail in January, 2015 and am writing this report based on memory and my GPS coordinates. The trail may have changed significantly since I visited it. Be sure to keep an eye out for old ruins in the area!
From highway 82, head east on Dusquesne Road for approximately 5 miles until you reach the turnoff on FR4662 at Waypoint 001. Take a left onto the trail. If you miss this turnoff, you always keep driving another 1.4 miles to Waypoint 005 and take a left to head through Sycamore Canyon Wash.
If you take a left on FR4662, drive northeast for 1.18 miles until you reach Waypoint 002 at the intersection of FR4662 and Sycamore Canyon (the alternate road in).
From Waypoint 002, keep driving 0.95 miles on the trail until you reach the ruins at Golden Rose Mine, Waypoint 003. Take a left onto FR4663 to head to Big Lead Mine. The road gets a little worse from here to the mine.
Keep on FR4663 for another 0.95 miles until you reach the Big Lead Mine at Waypoint 004. This is a very nice drive through some interesting canyons.
You can go on the large tailing pile of the mine and hunt for some cool rocks.
When you're done, return the way you came in.
Have fun and be safe!
Have you been on this adventure? What did you think? Comments and updates welcome by clicking here. You can also rate this adventure by clicking here.


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Just got back from the post office and I can safely say that ALL of the items from the Allen & Ginter charity case break have been shipped out and you should expect to start seeing them arrive by early next week. More importantly than that, though–because of all of you awesome wax crackers that participated in the break and donated prizes and money for MLB RBI, we were able to raise $275! I kicked in another $25 of my own to round it up to make it an even $300.
Thanks again to all of you incredibly amazing people. YOU are what makes this hobby so fun and enjoyable!
I am currently filling the Topps Triple Threads 18-box Charity Case Break co-hosted by Brent from Brent&Becca! This time, $10 per slot will be going to Big Brothers Big Sisters! Everyone will be guaranteed at LEAST two hits! Please check out the details of this big event and I hope you'll be able to join in!
(…I don't think I've ever used so many exclamation points in one paragraph before…)


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Winners of the 2017 ENTHUSE Celebration Awards announced
The winners of this year's ENTHUSE Celebration Awards were announced at a prestigious event at the House of Commons.
Core Maths resources find new home
STEM Learning will continue to host the complete collection of materials produced by the Core Maths Support Programme.
Help build your workforce of the future
STEM Insight brings the opportunity for industry and universities to provide immersive experiences for teachers.
How I became a National Expert
As a teacher and middle leader with only two years' experience, I was delighted to receive the highest level of recognition from STEM Educators – National Expert.
Science Learning Partnership
Our Science Learning Partnerships combine local expertise in teaching and learning in science, facilitating CPD, and providing school-to-school support.
Tackle the Ultimate STEM Challenge: last year's winners are here to help
Last year's winners have some advice and guidance to help you get the most out of the Ultimate STEM Challenge.
Supporting STEM learning
Working to achieve a world-leading education for all young people in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)
Thousands of curriculum-linked, quality-assured STEM teaching resources alongside materials produced by the STEM teaching community themselves.
Exciting and high impact, subject-specific continuing professional development (CPD) made affordable through a range of financial bursaries.
STEM Ambassadors
STEM Ambassador volunteers are enthusiastic and knowledgeable role models inspiring young people in the world of STEM.
With thanks to our partners we are delighted to offer financial bursaries for participation with our world-class CPD.
Working with us
We work with a range of partners and people to deliver the best possible offer to schools and colleges in the UK. If you are interested in working with us we would love to hear from you.
Impact and evaluation
Our impact evidence enables us to prove that our professional development has a direct impact on participants, the wider school or college, and ultimately young people.
Searching the site
To help find what you are looking for there are different places that you can search on the website.
To search all areas you can do a site search.
- Search within these sections:
- Resources
- CPD and Other Events
- Magazine (News, Blog and Group discussions)
- Site search


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In order to help make your visit a more pleasant one this FAQ is in development. Any suggestions you might have on additions or refinements to this FAQ are welcome at email@example.com.
What is fanfic? And why do people write it?
Fanfic is fan written fiction. Fanfic allows the writer and the readers to explore a world of a TV series or movie in a whole new way. Fanfic has none of the bounds that an episode of a TV series or movie might have - no budget concerns preventing exotic locations, no contracts to worry about, no need to insure that the main character survives, and nothing preventing that Methos step onto the bridge of the Enterprise.
In short, fanfic allows fans to explore possibilities that were not explored on the show, or re-explore them from a new perspective.
Aren't there some legal issues?
Yes. Fanfic is in a gray area - as far as copyright issues are concerned. As such there are conventions that we hold to. First of all, most people include a disclaimer at the beginning of a story, acknowledging that the characters from the show belong to the producers/writers of the show (for more on disclaimers, look at the suggested format section). While a the usefulness of a disclaimer is often a topic for debate, the major concern of people who write and enjoy fanfic is to insure that fanfic never move from its gray area. That is, fanfic is only distributed for free, or in the case of fanzines - at cost, never bring fanfic to be autographed by actors of the show, and never refer to fanfic around the Powers that Be.
Isn't that essentially a don't ask, don't tell policy?
Yes. Since we are fans of the show, watch it and buy its merchandise, as long as we are making no money (and in fact losing a bit), it's best for them to ignore us.
there is a site that suggests that perhaps fanfic writers have better standing than we once thought. Check out a legal defense of fanfic written by an academic at Yale by the name of Rebecca
It's at http://www.tushnet.com/law/fanficarticle.html
Still, please refrain from asking actors or any of The Powers that Be to sign or read fanfic or fanzines.
What kinds of posts are welcome here?
Highlander fanfic and discussion thereof. Please label Adult and Slash stories in their subject lines.
A suggested subject line: Rating, Title (Part Number)/(total Number of Parts)
How do I know how many parts my story should be in?
As a rule of thumb no post to a newsgroup or a mailing list should be above 20K. Each post should be in plain text format (NO HTML) have its lines wrapped at 72 or 80 characters. Believe it or not, there are still people using e-mail programs such as Pine that do not wrap the lines of incoming messages to the viewscreen. Please be kind, and have your e-mail program wrap lines at 72, or if you are using pine, hit return once you get near 72 characters.
If you use Netscape you can set the wrap length of your lines by going
Edit -> Preferences -> Mail & Newsgroups -> Messages
The side window has a line that allows you to set the line length of outgoing messages. "Wrap outgoing, plain text messages at __ characters." This reinforces the need to send plain text messages.
To make sure your Netscape browser is set to send messages in plain text go
Edit -> Preferences -> Mail & Newsgroups -> Formatting
In the side window choose "Use the plain text editor to compose messages".
What is slash?
Slash is a label for fanfic that contains a same-sex relationship.
What is _________?
Check the athc website http://ATH.50megs.com/ for further definitions.
Where else can I find Highlander fanfic?
There are many mailing lists that exist to distribute Highlander fanfic. As well as archives that house Highlander fanfic check out the website for more info
Where/How can I get my story archived?
Check the athc website http://ATH.50megs.com/ for places to have your fanfic archived, as well as the submission guidelines for them.


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By Nic Evans
Last Updated: 01/01/70 1:00am
ATHLETIC BILBAO have agreed to loan striker David Karanka to Extramadura for the rest of the season to give the player some first team action, which would have been unlikely given the form of Joseba Exteberria and Ismael Urzaiz.
Karanka will be amongst friends in Almendralejo as fellow Bilbao players Jorge Perez and Iker Urraka are already there.
Meanwhile, Bilbao have confirmed they will play the Paraguayan Under 20 squad on the 23rd of August as they finalise their preparations for the new Liga season.


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All posts by: Audrey Canady
Shapewear Refresh: 4 Styles of Plus Size Shapewear & Where to Get It!
With dress season well underway, today we're giving you a quick refresher course on the plus size shapewear you'll want to wear beneath your spring and summer fashions!
Accessorize to Maximize: 15 Must Have Earrings for Spring!
Looking for more spring statement earrings? From tassels, to shimmery stones and more... We've got the earrings your earlobes want to be adorned in!!
You Oughta Know: Plus Size Afropolitan Apparel from Maria Paulina!
Do you love vivid, vibrant afrocentric fashions? Then you oughta know Maria Paulina! We've got the scoop on this Atlanta-based plus size brand!
TCFStyle Expo News: Blogger & Press Registration is Open!
Our TCFStyle Expo Blogger & Press Registration is open and we are looking for you! If you are a blogger, journalist, writer, or photographer who is planning to head out to the event, we are looking for you!
You Oughta Know: Plus Size Lingerie from Miimii Intimates
Do you live to cover your curves in lacy, frilly decadent lingerie? Then you oughta know MiiMii Intimates! We've got the scoop on this intimates brand for plus sizes!
April Showers Bring May Flowers: 15 Fancy & Playful Plus Size Floral Finds!
Looking for a few update plus size floral finds? We have picked out 15 killer finds in plus sizes that are sure to wow and steal the show!
Missed Coachella This Year? 8 Plus Size Festival Fashions To Rock Anyway!
So what if you've missed Coachella... Any time is a good time to rock festival fashions, and we've got 8 pieces that will bring the festival spirit into your wardrobe!


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Listen to free music by Container 69
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station.
faithlesshaze I don't like those shoes though, go find your boots boy.
Container 69 – SHARP Dressed Man| play
Artists Like Container 69
Blip.fm DJs who play Container 69
Friends: MerchantCircle | Charity Blossom | Website Load Testing


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Hello there curious ones.
My name is Breanne, I run My Healthy Curves and I live in a little Hampshire village near Winchester. I started this blog at the end of 2015 when I was having a hard time in work and life and I needed something to give me focus and keep me busy.
When I started this blog, I aimed to document my health and fitness goals, primarily my weight loss journey. But, after suffering a serious case of wanderlust I started venturing into the travel world too.
Active travel & active days out are now one of the main focus' of My Healthy Curves, as is wellness, taking it from just your average health & fitness blog, to a hybrid of ideas and adventures.
After spending 4 years working around Europe I found it difficult to migrate back into normal society and put all my efforts into health and fitness, however, I couldn't shake the travel blues. Travelling from Venice to the Loire Valley, Paris to Barcelona & finally finishing up in the French Riviera, I've explored my way around numerous countries & cities. So life back in the UK seemed mediocre and boring in comparison.
After feeling uninspired by a boring "real" UK job, I turned my motivation to health and fitness. Due to the rich diet of alcohol, fatty foods and cigarettes I lived on while working in Europe I had plenty of excess weight to keep me busy.
If you want to know more about me
You'll probably find me on Twitter discussing my passions, on Instagram snapping pictures of my food or on my new Facebook Group
I hope my blog can inspire you to lead a healthy active life.
Don't forget to follow me on the social sites to stay up to date.


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Tagged with "aaaaaaaa" Videos12 Videos Found
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Apple - iPad 2 - iBooks
See why reading is a joy with the iBooks app on iPad. Text looks crisp and bright on the full-color screen. Pages turn with a flip. And you can browse and buy new books from the iBookstore.
Best Lightweight Jacket
ProLite Gear reviews what can be considered the best lightweight jacket currently on the market.
Clothing System Jacket Breathability Test
ProLite Gear tests air permeability of Gore-Tex, eVENT, and NeoShell fabric used in hard shell jackets and discusses advantages of each.
How To Print from iPad
This video will show you how to print from an iPad to any printer connected to an Apple Mac.
iPhone 5 New Features Review
Apple has launched the iPhone 5 claiming it is the biggest thing to happen to the iPhone since the iPhone. Gear-TV.com investigated the iPhone 5's features to determine if this was marketing hype, or another breakthrough for apple. Key items discussed are 4G LTE service coverage, processing power, camera, and the new retina display screen size.
MSR Miniworks EX Microfilter Overview
Overview of the MSR Miniworks EX Microfilter.
Sawyer Sqeeze Water Bottle Filter Review
ProLiteGear.com reviews the Sawyer Squeeze Filter. At just 5.5 ounces in weight, this durable BPA FREE water bottle can deliver clean water as fast as you can drink it.
Sitka Gear Fortress of Stone
Stone's Sheep are monarchs. Royalty of the high country. They rule from high thrones in high places, perched on impossible spires in their mountain palace. Only men with strong hearts and strong legs pursue them. Countless hunters hear the call, but few have the fortitude to return with the treasure they seek. In the summer of 2011, my brother Cam and I pursued Stone's Sheep in the Cassiar Mountains of British Columbia. We tried to catch on film our passion for the mountains, our love of bowhunting sheep and the bond we share as brothers. Special thanks to Cam for...
Victoria's Secret Swim 2012: Beach Bums
Candice Swanepoel, Magdalena Frackowiak, Elyse Taylor and Behati Prinsloo get cheeky (literally and figuratively) in this adorable video for the Victoria's Secret Swim 2012 collection. Find the cutest, sexiest bikini bottoms (and tops) online and at select Victoria's Secret stores.
Best Camo - Part 1 - Introduction
High Caliber Gear tests 9 different camo patterns in 3 different environments.
Electric Urban Caliber Backpack Red
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Flattering, ultra-lightweight and supremely durable, these Maui Jim Backyards Polarized Sunglasses deserve a spot in your daily routine. The rimless, modified aviator design hugs the head and is made of fully adjustable, high-grade nylon. The fixed saddle-style bridge, stainless steel pin hinges and embedded, non-slip rubber nose pads ensure comfort and flexibility. Scratch- and impact-resistant polycarbonate lenses resist shattering and are treated with CLEARSHELL Scratch Coating on front and back for added protection. All Maui Jim sunglasses feature patented, color-infused PolarizedPlus2 Technology, which blocks glare and UV rays from all angles, manages blue light, and boosts colors for unmatched...


text: Social Grocery of Spata - Artemida Olympic Air organized a voluntary action for the collection of medication and food for people in need. The food collected from this action was delivered to the Social Grocery of Spata-Artemida municipality on 26/04/2013, at the official opening of the Grocery. As part of Olympic Air's Corporate Social Responsibility, this voluntary action will be continued by collecting food, clothing, books, toys and medication throughout the year. Back


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Mens Barbour Scarf | While scarves have enjoyed popularity in cold climates, the fact that these accessories are available in several varieties makes them ideal for all weather conditions. Once the basics of choosing and tying a scarf are comprehended, every guy must be able to enjoy this accessory that is significant.
Men who are wearing these pieces should follow some basic guidelines to guarantee that they don't find yourself committing a dressing disaster as well as to make the experience pleasurable. It's important to make certain that the one selected plays a complementary role to the top worn as guys will wear their scarves around the neck. This basically means getting ones that match wearing pieces that fit your distinct tops or, instead -in with patterned tops.
Tying the accessory might seem cryptic for most, yet scarf while much problem should not be presented by selecting a scarf for the discerning man -tying is a very easy matter. There are different ways in which these might be tied and some of these ways are truly simple to learn. It might be tied by simply folding it in half and, after knotting one end, pulling through the other end. This tying procedure that is simple is common in Europe and is especially ideal for those wearing sports jackets.
As clothes accessories, Mens Barbour Scarfcan serve two functions especially during the cold winter months – they can function as a fashion statement while at the same time helping to keep you warm. For the cold season then, one can be worn by hanging it on the shoulder or simply wrapping it around the neck.
Mens Barbour Scarf Image Source: www.lyst.co.uk


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- Services
- We strive to provide complete care for our patients. Learn more about all the services we provide.
Welcome to the new patient center for Complete Eye Care of Medina! We understand that your time is precious and that you need an optometrist who is professional, yet convenient for your lifestyle. In order to make the transition to our office smoother for you, we have created a New Patient Center with everything you need to get started.
The following printable New Patient Registration patient form provided for your convenience. Print and complete the patient form at your leisure and save time before your appointment. Our Privacy Practices are also available for you to read online.
Click here for Printable New Patient Information Form for New Patients
In an effort to make you more comfortable when you arrive at our office and to streamline the new patient process, we appreciate it when our New Patients complete all the necessary items prior to their first visit. At Complete Eye Care of Medina, we strive to make sure the time we spend with you during your visit is quality time.
Insurance Coverage
We are participating providers for many insurance plans. If you do not see your plan listed below, contact our office at 763-478-3505 although it is important to note that as a regular practice we do not check your vision coverage in advance for you and recommend that you do that before coming in for your visit.
· Aetna
· Blue Cross/Blue Shield
· Health Partners
· Humana
· Humana Vision Care Plan (some versions)
· Medica
· Medicare
· Preferred One
· U Care for Seniors
· And many others…
Thank you for choosing us, we look forward to see you.


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02.04.2017 •
Advertising NEWS
Director: Rob Groenwold
DOP: Stefan Borbely c/o 1st Unit
Client: ALFA ROMEO
Production: George Films
Out of the city and into the sunshine, getting together with friends again and soaking up the sun... that is what the ALFA ROMEO dream looks like. The beautiful photos for the dream spot came from DOP Stefan BORBELY c/o 1ST UNIT. The shoot for the 'meccanica delle emozioni' from ALFA ROMEO took place in Los Angeles with Director Rob Groenwold. Production: George Films.


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Improvements at Dutch detention centres
In response to criticism, Justice Minister Albayrak announces better conditions for asylum seekers awaiting deportation.30 September 2008
THE HAGUE -- In a letter to parliament, Deputy Justice Minister Nebahat Albayrak writes that failed asylum seekers waiting for deportation will be given greater freedom of movement.
Her announcement comes after criticism from organisations such as Amnesty International, which argue that the Netherlands is treating aliens like criminals.
Ms Albayrak will ease the regime at immigration detention centres. The measures will probably include more frequent visits to the exercise yard, better sports and library facilities and longer visiting hours.
[Radio Netherlands / Expatica]


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The Islanders
namelos llc, Sep 9, 2009
The inhabitants of Halcyon Island are ruled by the laws of the Deliverer. The laws state "no incomers," but when Thomas and Molly find a shipwrecked canoe with a boy and girl, barely alive, they are determined not to reject them outright.
What people are saying - Write a review
LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - mspioneer - LibraryThing
I thought this book was a little boring. It talked about a boy and a mermaod spending their life together. It's a love story. -A.H Read full review


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Jeffrey W. Headman, PGA
Main Address:
Cliffs at Keowee Vineyards
824 Club House Dr
Sunset, SC 29685-2216
(864) 868-4444
824 Club House Dr
Sunset, SC 29685-2216
(864) 868-4444
824 Club House Dr
Sunset, SC 29685-2216
Sunset, SC 29685-2216
(864) 868-4444
Earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Methodist University in Fayetteville, North Carolina. While there I majored in Business Administration and received my certification in PGA Golf Management. After completion of the PGA Golf Management Program I earned my Class A status as a PGA Professional in January of 2013.
Services Offered:
- Instruction
Professional has not entered award information.
Home » Golf Courses » South Carolina » Greenville » Jeffrey W. Headman, PGA
PGA of America Championships
Bellerive Country Club
St. Louis, Missouri
Le Golf National
Guyancourt, France
Quail Hollow Club
Charlotte, North Carolina
Olympia Fields Country Club
Olympia Fields, Illinois
Trump National Golf Club
Washington, D.C.


text:
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Comments:13.01.2013 at 05:57 Kehn:
It is visible, not destiny.
17.01.2013 at 08:10 Samular:
I am sorry, this variant does not approach me. Who else, what can prompt?
21.01.2013 at 20:11 Kagazuru:
As much as necessary.


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The TV plug plot thickens
Add the FireWire crowd to the mix of people trying to define the plug of choice in the digital living room. The 1394 Trade Association says it is aiming its new 3.2 Gbit/s spec at carrying uncompressed video. That's HDMI territory, baby.
Upping the ante, the trade group said it is working on a spec for 1394 over coax. Sounds like a home network play to me. That likely will compete with whatever Silicon Image has going on behind the curtain called the Personal Entertainment Network.
So, we have digital TVs adopting HDMI as a de facto standard, set-tops with FireWire --thanks to the FCC requirement for a copy-protected interface--and the world of PCs, cameras and cellphones wearing various sizes of USB--plus a new USB variant in the works for carrying compressed video between TVs and devices. I love a good mud fight!


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Amerks announce possible roster for 2006-07 season (Rochester D&C)
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Good evening.. stay safe this hunting season!
March 4 17
Good to be back.. all fans that still use Knet services..bbl
2016 almost over
Good afternoon from Rez 240 .. just wanna keep this updated
Season's Greetings!
Good Evening..Christmas is drawing near..I think snow is falling..and cold weather along the way..thinking of family near and far!
Land of the sleeping giant
Nice day out there…nice day here in the land of the giant…dont know when I'll be back..but I'll be back
Good Night
Good Night Knet land…


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Samantha Vanette
More ideas from Samantha
Believe Tattoo
Love This Tattoo - Bob Marley quote ♥
"There are two gifts we give our children. One is roots, the other is wings." Family Tree Tattoo, This would be an awesome sister tattoo!! .LOVE IT!
one butterfly for my mom. one for grandma. and one for me. butterfly tattoo | Tumblr


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- Released: Mar 15, 2013
- Sound: 5
- Lyrics: 3
- Overall Impression: 3
Users' score:
(6 votes)
Sound — 5
Stumbling their way onto stage after three subsequent failures, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus are back for more with their 10th anniversary EP, "Et Tu, Brute?" This is especially amusing considering the supposed historical context of the phrase, being known as the dying words of Julius Caesar in Shakespeare's titular play. Whether or not RJA reckon themselves a decaying force of previous greatness, it certainly fits the bill for a band with an arguably weak discography to boast famous last words for an anniversary release. Despite that the record opens with a brooding bass note, the real first impression comes from the song's opening line: "Let's take it back to days when we still were the crazy ones." It seems the band remembers its previous fame as greater than it really was. From there, it's the same old, same old. A few thankful changes have been made: the same imitation hardcore of "Hell Or High Water" doesn't rear its ugly head too often. Actually, the band seems to take a step back into the territory of its first couple of releases, with "Cards" and "Remember Me" hearkening to their self-titled debut. It's comfortable, easy to digest, and a relief after "Am I The Enemy"'s dull excess. Whether or not this was intentional is up to the listener, but at the very least, the throwbacks to mid-2000s emo will be a relief to any who enjoyed "Don't You Fake It" and especially the debut. However, the nostalgia (oh, and they do so love to remind listeners of how they're ten whole years old) wears out quickly and, as is RJA tradition, bizarre and poorly-executed elements are thrown in out of nowhere. Even more so than on 2009's "Lonely Road," the guitars are overblown and solos break out in places any casual rock fan would expect from the most cliche of their favorite tunes. Even more than pretentious than the EP's opening lyric are some of the choices made in constructing these songs. The industrial-laden "Chariot," for example, sure seems eager to convince itself of its own prowess, despite being incredibly safe. "Chariot" perfectly continues another RJA tradition: inflated closing numbers, this time with a laughable fade-out. Among the droning chords of RJA's drop-C fancy and striking hesitance with risk-taking stands the track list itself. Whatever the quality of each cut, there seems to be at least one representing each era of the band's career. With six total, it doesn't seem entirely impossible that "Remember Me" gives a nod to the pop-punk debut, "Cards" recalls "Don't You Fake It," and so forth. Even "Hell Or High Water" (God forbid) gets some love with "Wide Is The Gate." Granted, if any of these is an indicator of what's to come, audiences will likely continue to ignore them. After ten years, the only thing The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus seems to have learned is how to milk its own success. Unfortunately, that fact doesn't come with the consciousness of never having been as grand as they seem to think. "Et Tu, Brute?" is as musically shallow as "Lonely Road" and as instrumentally dull as "Am I The Enemy." The bizarre placement of solos in the middle of "You Can't Trust Anyone These Days" and "Wide Is The Gate" apparently attempts to garner respect from lovers of post-hardcore and even hard rock. It's just too much. Coupled with apparent reminiscence of former glory, "Et Tu" feels less like a step forward than a ridiculous celebration of itself. The result is a sad would-be "best of" that escapes the public eye. While the band may have debuted with some potential, they've now beat the same horse with enough frequency that it would take a miracle to reach the long-dead success of "Face Down."
Lyrics — 3
Coming straight from the heart of the emo (sorry, screamo) scene, The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus pens its lyrics with as much earnestness as they can muster. Let the cringe begin. Reflecting the same shortcomings of countless acts in the genre, "Et Tu, Brute?" comes off as an alternation between self-adoring and whiny. "I've had these problems for some time now/There's something very wrong" is hardly a classic, and the earlier excerpt from "The Crazy Ones" is hilariously vain. Some bits come off as just out of place, swapping purpose for melodrama: "See the flames consume you/Shades of red and blue in turn" bursts in the midst of a pretty light pop-punk track. The weakest moments are in "Chariot," perhaps due to singer Ronnie Winter's abominable performance highlighting the sniveling nature of the lyrics: "She worked every single day of the week... On that hospital bed, she waits to die alone." "Et Tu, Brute?" has all of RJA's lyrical nuances being the lack thereof. There is neither an ounce of humor nor humility. If anything, the finale's religious imagery smugly panders to the Christian radio audience found during the run of "Am I The Enemy." Ronnie Winter, as mentioned, makes lines that might escape notice with other performance blatantly irritating. He cripples even the strongest musical moments. His tenor whine, interwoven with the occasional pitchy scream, sounds out of place throughout the record; "Cards" opens with instrumentation initially more akin to Guns N' Roses than emo-pop, but Winter does his best to depress listeners into suspending disbelief. When he recalls "how it felt when everything was fun" (try not to giggle at the line itself), one wonders when exactly that may have been, since he sounds miserable 99% of the time his mouth is open. The only reason for which they would "be remembered as the crazy ones" is for thinking anyone remembers anything about them, yet Winter sings it as though it's Newton's Fourth. While there were days in which it wasn't difficult to get away with that kind of droning, the 2000s are over. Oblivious to the fact, Winter is yet another component keeping The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus steeped firmly in an extinct genre.
Overall Impression — 3
"Et Tu, Brute?" does less for its makers than against. It adds yet another mediocre piece to an increasingly ugly discography, it puts more between their current state and the glory days (whatever those were), and it reminds audiences that the emo band with a ridiculous name is still in high school. The spurts of bliss is nostalgic cuts is overshadowed by thinly-veiled emo pop and melodramatic post-hardcore. For as helpful as a compilation-style EP can be to boost morale, the band had already tried and failed with "Hell Or High Water." "Et Tu" is no different, trying to summarize just how great they think they are in six short-sighted songs and once again falling short. It's remarkably ironic that a band called The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus takes itself as seriously as Morrissey, and yet here they are. Pass.


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*Nonfarm payrolls rose 114,000 in September* Unemployment rate falls to 7.8 percent, lowest since 2009* Household survey shows most job gains since 1983* Average hourly earnings gain 7 cents* Report is second to last before Nov. 6 elections By Lucia Mutikani.
The FDA has sent warning letters to three companies behind most of the 4,100 websites it identified as illegally selling potentially dangerous, unapproved drugs. "This is a first step," said FDA spokeswoman Sarah Clark-Lynn. " According to the FDA one business, called CanadaDrugs.com, operates 3,710 of the targeted websites.
NEW YORK-- In December 2008, two of Bernard Madoff's most loyal employees met on a Manhattan street corner and fretted over a closely held secret that the rest of the world would learn about eight days later: that their boss was a con man for the ages.
*White House slams Welch tweet as "ludicrous". BOSTON/ WASHINGTON, Oct 5- Jack Welch, the lionized former chairman of General Electric Co, provoked cries of outrage in Washington on Friday when he appeared to accuse the White House of manipulating September job figures for political gains.
NEW YORK-- Shares of The Medicines Co. slumped Friday after the company said it was ending development of a drug designed to reduce bleeding during surgery because of safety concerns. THE SPARK: After the market closed on Thursday, Medicines Co. said it was ending development of MDCO-2010 because of "serious unexpected patient safety issues."
NASHVILLE, Tenn., Oct 5- Tennessee confirmed on Friday four more cases of rare fungal meningitis, as health officials in 23 states scrambled to notify thousands of patients who received steroid injections linked to an outbreak that has killed five people. Three of the dead were in Tennessee, where the outbreak began, and one each in Virginia and Maryland.
*More than 137,000 temp jobs have been added in 2012. Oct 5- Businesses wary about the U.S. presidential election and the outlook for fiscal policy will probably hire temporary workers in the fourth quarter rather than full timers, a view that lifted staffing company shares on Friday.
*Nonfarm payrolls rose 114,000 in September* Unemployment rate falls to 7.8 percent, lowest since 2009* Household survey shows most job gains since 1983* Average hourly earnings gain 7 cents* Report is second to last before Nov. 6 elections By Lucia Mutikani.
Park Ridge, N.J.- based Hertz is in the process of acquiring Tulsa, Okla.- based Dollar Thrifty Automotive Group Inc. for $87.50 per share, or about $2.3 billion. The offer, which was previously set to expire on Friday, will now expire on Oct. 22, Hertz said. Hertz shares fell 2 cents to $14.54 in midday trading Friday.
*Zynga shares slide after warning, Facebook slips. Labor Department data showed the jobless rate dropped by 0.3 percentage point in September to 7.8 percent, its lowest since January 2009, even as Americans came back into the labor force to resume the hunt for work.
The BPU says the typical Public Service Electric and Gas customer will save $38 a year. The savings for Elizabethtown Gas customers will be $26. New Jersey Natural Gas customers can expect a nearly $15 savings and rates for South Jersey Gas customers will be nearly $7 lower.
The Parasail Safety Council, which tracks injuries and deaths nationwide, reports more than 70 people have been killed and at least 1,600 injured between 1982 and 2012, out of an estimated 150 million parasail rides during those 30 years.
Christie vetoed the bill in July, saying at the time that some of the reforms had already been implemented at the Port Authority. The legislation would have forced the Port Authority to hold more public meetings before voting on toll hikes and publish its board of commissioners' meeting minutes.
The steroid medication suspected in an outbreak of a rare kind of meningitis was shipped to 23 states, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The specialty pharmacy that made the steroid, New England Compounding Center of Framingham, Mass., recalled three lots of the drug last week and has shut down operations.
NEW YORK-- Stop if you've heard this one before: the NHL is losing games because of a lockout. In a widely anticipated move, the NHL announced Thursday that 82 games between opening night next week and Oct. 24 have been canceled because of the ongoing fight with the players' association that had already forced the league to eliminate the preseason schedule.
*Zynga shares slide after warning, Facebook slips. *Sprint could counterbid on PCS- sources. Labor Department data showed the jobless rate dropped by 0.3 percentage point in September to 7.8 percent, its lowest since January 2009.
The outbreak was first reported in Tennessee, where three people have died and 25 of the cases have been reported. "We do know there were over 700 patients in Tennessee who were exposed," said Dr.
NASHVILLE, Tenn., Oct 4- A steroid medication linked to the death of at least five people from rare fungal meningitis may have been administered to patients in 23 states, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control said on Thursday, raising fears the rare outbreak could spread.
Oct 4- Though it's relatively rare, there are ways to break a prenup. Agreements are just agreements, after all, says Paul Talbert, a matrimonial lawyer in New York. " There are no statistics on how many prenuptial agreements are made a year, says Randall M. Kessler, a divorce lawyer in Atlanta, but he estimates that half of high-net-worth marriages have prenups.
New Jersey residents receiving Medicaid benefits may find it easier to get care at home rather than move into a nursing home, under changes state officials are planning since getting federal approval to make them. The state will receive the same amount of money from the federal Medicaid program _ more than $5 billion per year.