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Metallic Black, We Are Open 7 Days A Week And Accept All Major Credit & Debit Cards, £9,995
This car comes with
Full Lexus Service History Throughout 09/10/11/12/13/14/15/16, Electric Convertible Hardtop, Colour Touch Screen Satellite Navigation With Bluetooth, Reverse Parking Camera, Full Black Leather Seats & Interior, Heated & Air Cooled Seats, Electric Front Seats With Driver Memory & Lumbar Support, Automatic Gearbox, Alloy Wheels, Air Conditioning, Digital Climate Control, Cruise Control, Auto Lights, Rain Sensor Windscreen, Electric Power Folding Mirrors, Electric Front & Rear Windows, Electric Heated Door Mirrors, Remote Central Locking, Alarm With Interior Protection, CD Player With 6 CD Changer, Multi Functional Steering Wheel, Aux - In Socket With USB and Multi Media Interface, Isofix Child Car Seat System, Power Steering, ABS, Airbags, See Our Website For More Details www.westwaycars.co.uk, Part Exchange Welcome, Extended Warranties Available On Request, Recently Serviced, New 1 Year MOT Included In Sale, 2 Keys, HPI Clear, Stunning Example In Exceptional Condition, Lexus Service History Details:09-12-2010@10,042 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol,04-07-2011@23,114 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol, 24-11-2011@29,939 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol,20-07-2012@40,643 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol,20-03-2013@50,591 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol, 19-03-2014@60,078 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol,08-07-2015@65,476 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol,13-07-2016@67,984 Miles Serviced At Lexus Bristol
- 201702222576091
- 2009
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- £9,995
- 1000
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Vehicle summary
|Body style
|Engine size
|2499 cc
|Fuel type
|Number of doors
|Number of seats
|Gearbox type
|CO2 emissions
|219 g/km
|Insurance group
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (miles)
|60000 miles
|Standard manufacturer's warranty (years)
|3 years
|Standard paintwork guarantee
|3 years
Performance & economy
|Fuel consumption (urban)
|21.6 mpg
|Fuel consumption (extra urban)
|39.8 mpg
|Fuel consumption (combined)
|30.4 mpg
|0 - 60 mph
|9.0 seconds
|Top speed
|130 mph
|Engine power
|204 bhp
|Engine torque
|185.88 lbs/ft
|1415 mm
|Height inclusive of roof rails
|No details available
|4635 mm
|2730 mm
|1800 mm
|Width including mirrors
|No details available
|Fuel tank capacity
|65 litres
|Minimum kerb weight
|1730 kg
|Interior features
|Exterior features
|Power Socket
|Alloy Wheels (18in)
|Mirrors Internal
|Mirrors External (Electric/Heated/Folding/Auto Dimming)
|Seats Heated (Driver/Passenger)
|Windscreen Wiper
|Climate Control
|Satellite Navigation
|Electric Windows (Front/Rear)
|Cruise Control
|Adjustable Steering Column/Wheel
|Steering Wheel Leather
|Centre Console
|Tinted Glass
|Rain Sensor
|Voice Activated Controls
|In Car Entertainment (Radio/CD/MP3/CD Autochanger)
|Upholstery Leather
|Seats Electric (Memory Driver/Passenger)
|Steering Wheel Mounted Controls (Audio)
|Telephone Equipment (Bluetooth Interface)
|Seat - ISOFIX Anchorage Point
|Head Restraints
|Air Bag Passenger
|Air Bag Side
|Anti-Lock Brakes
|Air Bag Driver
|Tyre Repair Kit
|Power-Assisted Steering
|Central Door Locking
|Air Bag Knee
|Seat Belt Pre-Tensioners
|Tyre Pressure Control
|Electronic Stability Programme
|Front Fog Lights
|Parking Aid (Front/Rear)
|Traction Control System
|Electronic Brake Force Distribution
Please note
This includes MPG figures which are calculated under European Standards, in test conditions, and will vary under normal driving conditions. The information displayed above describes the typical specification of the most recent model of this vehicle. It is not the exact specification for the actual vehicle being offered for sale which may vary. Specifications for older models may also vary. Please contact us prior to purchase to confirm the exact specification of this vehicle.
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Permalinks and ReadyHosting
I have a install located at the above URL. I'm converting an iWeb site to WordPress. I developed it on a local server where everything worked fine with permalinks. When I transferred it to readyhosting the permalinks don't work anymore, I get a 404 error. Has anyone else had a problem with readyhosting? There are all sorts of unnecessary redirects going on with the iWeb site, you can see by visiting http://www.alchemyandcommerce.com/
I also notice there is an httpd.ini file that says:
### subdomain redirect v2 ###
RewriteCond Host: (?:.+\.)?alchemyandcommerce\.com
RewriteCond URL ^/(.*)
RewriteCond METHOD GET
RewriteRule ^/(.*) /$1 [I,L]
RewriteCond Host: (?:.+\.)?alchemyandcommerce\.com
RewriteCond METHOD POST
RewriteRule ^/(.*) /$1 [I]
RewriteCond Host: (?:.+\.)?alchemyandcommerce\.com
RewriteRule (.*) /$1 [I,L]
Not sure if this is causeing a problem.
- The topic 'Permalinks and ReadyHosting' is closed to new replies.


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Is the adidas' Futurecraft 4D the future of sneakers? by SneakerNews
LIVESTRONG x Nike – 15th Anniversary Footwear
January 10, 2012 BY John Kim / 0 / 5
In 1996, Lance Armstrong was diagnosed with cancer. A few years later, he embarked on a legendary run of seven-straight Tour de France titles. In what might be the greatest personal co...Read More


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- Special feature
- KUsports Video
- December 2, 2015
- Watch highlights, interviews and other video content about Kansas University athletics.
Video sets
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Audio clip sets
- 1970 Abbie Hoffman speech
- 1970 Convocation
- 1970 Memorial march
- 1970 Police scanner traffic
- 2006-07 April 4 open practice
- 2006-07 Feb. 12 KU hoops presser
- 2006-07 Feb. 17 KU-NU Hoops
- 2006-07 Feb. 18 KU-KSU WHOOPS
- 2017-18 Kansas men's basketball roster
- HERE parking lot lease
- Construction and access agreement
- Possible northern Lawrence leg of Lawrence Loop
- Possible downtown leg of Lawrence Loop
- Behind the Lens: Exploring the subject
- August 21, 2016
- An abandoned piano is of little news value. But as a photographer, my eye was drawn to the neglected instrument.
- Behind the Lens: Great pics don't always take great gear
- July 10, 2016
- A photographer went to a dinner party, where he showed his photographs. The lady of the house said, "Those are nice pictures; you must have a great camera." He said nothing, but when leaving, he offered the following compliment to the woman: "The meal was very nice; you must have great pots and pans."
- Behind the Lens: Pointy boots and point-and-shoots
- June 26, 2016
- The secret to good photography is comfortable shoes. I left my cowboy boots in my car and donned soft leather hikers to photograph the Flint Hills Rodeo earlier this June.
- Behind the Lens: Prom photos in perspective
- April 24, 2016
- At Wellsville High School, student couples traditionally promenade down a one-block section of Main Street before prom.
- Behind the Lens: Over the moon
- October 4, 2015
- My wife doesn't accompany me on many Journal-World photo assignments. But the moon has been a close friend of hers since she was young, so she joined me to chase the harvest moon and eclipse Sept. 27.
- Behind the Lens: Avoiding the media fashion police in South Korea
- July 5, 2015
- My photography checklist for traveling to South Korea included two camera bodies, three lenses, a laptop, iPhone, a padded floor seat, a pocket point-and-shoot camera and memory cards, including an Eyefi Mobi Pro SD memory card. What I forgot to pack were pastel-colored clothes. What?
- Behind the Lens: Capturing what it means to be human
- June 6, 2015
- A tragic fire at Pet World brings out the best of humanity.
- Behind the Lens: Journal-World drone could offer a different perspective
- May 3, 2015
- Recently, editors at the Lawrence Journal-World approached the photo department about incorporating video and still photographs shot from a drone into our reportage. Initially, the idea was met with some hesitation, in part because of the potential costs. But speaking at least for myself, I also was a bit nervous about crashing the thing and getting blamed for trashing a piece of expensive equipment.
- Behind the Lens: Do photographs always tell the whole story?
- April 4, 2015
- Famous 20th century war photographer Robert Capa said, "If your pictures aren't good enough, you're not close enough." The trouble is, it's not always true.
- Behind the Lens: How to survive a court-storming
- March 1, 2015
- If my calculations are correct, Kansas University men's basketball opponents are more or less good for about three to four court-stormings a season. I've learned a few things about how to protect myself and how to convey the gravity of the moment without getting trampled.
- Behind the Lens: Pooling with the president
- February 1, 2015
- When Journal-World photo chief Mike Yoder told me that we had been offered a position in President Barack Obama's press pool during his Jan. 22 visit to Lawrence, I believe I channeled Keanu Reeves when I responded, "Whooooooooaaaaa."
- Behind the Lens: Bring old photos into the digital age
- January 3, 2015
- Have old photographs you're looking to bring into the digital age? Here's how to do it yourself.
- Behind the Lens: Gifts for photographers
- December 7, 2014
- For those of you searching out gift ideas for your photographer spouse, friend or for your "selfie," here are a few stocking-stuffer ideas.
- Behind the Lens: Bad weather can make for good photos
- November 9, 2014
- I've been scanning old negatives and slides lately, and I've noticed how weather, specifically inclement weather, is an important element in many images.
- Behind the Lens: Journal-World photographer recalls Royals' 1985 World Series run
- October 21, 2014
- Not long after Journal-World photographer Mike Yoder started work at the newspaper, the photo staff covered the Kansas City Royals in the 1985 playoffs and the World Series. Yoder shares his images and memories from that postseason run.
Prev Next
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When you visit different countries, strange things happen. So I wrote a haiku Continue reading
Category Archives: Germany
My Albanian Tan While In Germany
The Blemon
Our poor blemon (blue lemon) didn't quite make it to Germany. Continue reading
Roadtripping to Germany
So Thursday, Nicole, Danika, the Bishops and I left to go to Euroconference. We took a ferry across to Italy then drove up to northern Italy to spend the night then drive on through Austria and arrive in Germany on Saturday. That was the plan anyway. Continue reading


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Hope you get that docs appointment and get things sorted, dont let them fob you off any more and tell them you got cyber family that miss you like crazy and
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We do miss you mum and glad to see you when you do make it on here, ive still got you in my prayers and i hope this year you will get better . Loads of hugs
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Need a classy conference space for your business, but unsure about paying top dollar for a hotel facility?
Try your local Chamber of Commerce.
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Indybay FeatureRelated Categories: Palestine | East Bay | International | Education & Student Activism | Environment & Forest Defense | Health, Housing, and Public Services | Police State and Prisons
There may be more than meets the eye concerning Tristan Anderson's injury.
These are my thoughts on why Tristan was shot and who was really behind it all.
I grew up and spent an number of my adult years in East Dallas, Texas, which is the home of a gang called the Eastside Locos. They were and still are into drugs, prostitution, and guns, among other acts of organized crime. If the put out a contract on you, they wouldn't stop trying until the job was done. One example of what I saw them do happened in 1994 while I was sitting outside my apartment at about 1:00 am. I watched a taxi slowly turn the corner and from the front seat passenger side of the cab, fire six rounds into a Mexican nightclub across the parking lot from me. Obviously, this was a gangland hit.
The reason I am telling you this is that the way I see it, U. C. Berkeley isn't much different than the Eastside Locos when it comes to crime. The main differences are the amount of resources and connections.
On Friday, March 13th, 2009, my friend and tree sit colleague, Tristan Anderson was critically wounded by the Israeli Army with a tear gas canister. He is in an induced coma and as time goes by, the chances that he will come out of it at all decreases.
What this has to do with U. C. Berkeley is this: Tristan was involved with the Oak Grove tree sit which lasted for 648 embarrassing days to the university. He has also written a number of articles that put the university to shame.
Furthermore, it is no secret that U. C. Berkeley has strong ties to the U. S. government, which is an ally of Israel and it's inhumane military.
Lastly, the tear gas canister which hit Tristan was aimed directly at his head with pinpoint accuracy, instead of on the ground where all it would do would be to release the tear gas. Tristan's injury was no accident.
U. C. Berkeley has the resources, the connections, and the motive for attempting to kill my friend Tristan. I can't help be see connections here.
My life's experiences have taught me that very few things in this world are what they seem to be on the surface. With all due respect to Tristan's girlfriend, Gabrielle Silverman's belief about why Tristan was shot, I must question whether or not she thought that there may have been a bigger picture here.
I believe that if you want to look for the root cause of this tragedy, it would be prudent to dig a little deeper and continue the investigation. We may discover that there is more than one root.
One more thing that might add is that I've been saying to a number of the former tree sitters, and their ground support that U. C. Berkeley has not finished with us, despite the fact that there are only two more of us left to stand trial. I'm thinking that Tristan was only the first to be on the university's hit list.
I hope that we don't be slack in watching each other's backs.
Serve no master other than your own ambition!
Wednesday Mar 18th, 2009 8:19 PM
We are all Palestinians. We are all Oscar Grant. We are all resisting oppression. Viva,viva Anarchista!
Wednesday Mar 18th, 2009 8:40 PM
First, before you write Tristan off, the news of his recovery is positive thus far. I fully expect to have him back among us.
Second, the fact that a tear gas canister hit Tristan directly in the forehead does not mean that it was fired with "pinpoint accuracy." That is what's called result-oriented reasoning. I doubt tear gas is even capable of being fired with "pinpoint accuracy."
What is painfully obvious is that Israeli soldiers were deliberately firing high velocity, long range teargas, a dangerous, potentially lethal weapon, on people who posed no threat (not that I'm suggesting that occupied oppressed people are required not to pose a threat), likely because they have a well-demonstrated lack of regard for Palestinian lives, and continued to do so while medics worked to save Tristan.
Your conjecture that some twirling-moustacheod agent of the UC Regents wanted Tristan dead for participating in the treesit yet waited until he got half way around the world to suborn his murder, tracked him to Naalin, convinced the IDF to try to murder him, somehow gave them a sufficient description to track them himselves (assuming they could even see him clearly from the distance he was shot at), and that they used a non-precision weapon, i.e. teargas, to try to do so, is LOONEY TUNES. I seriously doubt Israel wants this international scandal on its hands.
Not everything is an arch conspiracy. Your need for rational evil does not make it so any more than the religious need for rational order and goodness.
This post is either the work of a provocateur designed to make the left look wingnutty, or by a well-intentioned but unfortunately misguided person who has no evidence but some incorrect facts.
Wednesday Mar 18th, 2009 8:57 PM
it's crazies like you that give anarchists a bad name
go away
Wednesday Mar 18th, 2009 9:04 PM
"This post is either the work of a provocateur designed to make the left look wingnutty, or by a well-intentioned but unfortunately misguided person who has no evidence but some incorrect facts."
Second that.
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 1:20 AM
Israel is America's assassination squad around the world. As soon as I heard that (a) Tristan was hit in the head and (2) that he was a well-known activist for many decades, with the evidence being the years of articles on this website, it was OBVIOUS that this was an attempted assassination. It is not just the fact that the University of California is part of the US government, it is all the many travels around the world by Tristan, participating in people's struggles in foreign countries, and across the US as well, doing the same for many years. There are no coincidences.
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 3:05 AM
The soldier was shooting towards the people, but why do you think the University of California was involved? Wouldn't it have been easier to pull the people out of trees last year or to find them locally? Also, Tristan was hit with a large cannister. These are newly developed and are easier to aim, but aren't the preferred projectile for hitting a specific target. If they wanted to hit a particular person, they would have used a bullet. In the west Bank, half of the time people are hit with real bullets,but not with Tristan
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 7:43 AM
Being obsessed with grand conspiracy narratives and perceiving them everywhere isn't necessarily a provocation by agents of the state nor necessarily the expression of extreme wingnuttiness. There are conspiracies generated by the ruling class, if by conspiracy we understand that members of the ruling elite get together to discuss and plan various skirmishes of the class war. Facts often clutter people's analyses, leading them to pare them down to a few seemingly relevant and connected reductions. Many conspiracy folks reduce facts to those which -- coincidentally -- only bolster the perceived conspiracy, while ignoring the wider context and complexity of the world. This is not to say that UC harbors no resentment toward Tristan, but Occam's razor would tend to dismiss the notion that UC has such long and powerful tentacles that they can both alert the Israeli military police on the West Bank to one particular activist's presence and arrange for an "accidental" maiming with an admittedly nasty, but highly inaccurate weapon. The Israelis have shown themselves perfectly capable of using sniper fire against activists from the ISM, which they also classify as "accidents" so if Tristan had been targeted specifically for death, they would have been able to hit him with a sniper or arrange a traffic "accident" or plane crash or something else more efficient and historically proven in black ops.
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 7:47 AM
Put down the pipe, good man. You are completely paranoid.
It's people like you that give anarchists a bad name.
So shut the fuck up already.
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 9:36 AM
While no theory is necessarily impossible, this stretches the bounds of belief to the point of snapping and popping out the eyeballs of bystanders. First, it doesn't pass the occam's razor test. Secondly, it's a real stretch to think UC actually has that much pull with the US government. Third, dude was protesting in what was essentially a WARZONE and one where fucked up things happen to innocent people all the time (actually, that is part of why your argument fails the occam's test).
If anyone one maliciously planned Tristan's attack, it was some IDF soldier a couple of minutes before hand. That's the most likely explanation. Why? Because despite what you've said, Tristan was no true thorn in the side of UC...they won. They had plenty of time to wait and the treesitters were just an annoyance. In fact, the tree sit was a dismal failure and an embarrassment at all levels. A bunch of activists sitting in the equivalent of their neighbor's rosebushes so that he couldn't rip them up to put in a spa...a nice sentiment, but it made all tree sitters look koo-koo and accomplished nothing.
What really happened to Tristan? He went somewhere where his protest actually WAS important and got hurt for it...that's what often happens when activists do things that actually matter.
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 10:12 AM
The has got to be one of the stupidest posts I've ever read.
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 12:21 PM
Maybe Debra J Saunders of the Chron planned it; she admits to the motive (tree sitters annoy her and protesters block her commute).
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 2:59 PM
"U. C. Berkeley has the resources, the connections, and the motive for attempting to kill my friend Tristan"
That's the dumbest thing I've heard. UC Berkeley could care less about tree sitters now that the protest is over and no longer newsworthy.
Who knows, maybe you're right... maybe the chancellor was secretly plotting a revenge attack against Tristan with the Israeli army. Just like how the Leprechaun and Berkeley PD must've schemed an evil plan to put a parking ticket on my car on Tuesday just b/c I didn't wear green.
Thursday Mar 19th, 2009 6:45 PM
Paranoia and delusions of persecution are two widely recognized side effects of long-term, frequent marijuana use. It's one of the main reasons I stopped smoking it nearly fifteen years ago.
If there is a single person who was involved in that tree-sit that does not carry a bowl or one-hitter around in their pocket at all times, I 'll eat this keyboard.
Cut down on the weed. It keeps the black-ops university assassins out of your bushes.
Saturday Mar 21st, 2009 4:41 PM
Yes, there are coincidences. Yes, there are also conspiracies. The wisdom is knowing the difference between the two, and this is no easy task as the evidence is fleeting and "proving" a conspiracy theory as fact is next to impossible..
However, the best tool for understanding "conspiracy theory" is looking for patterns in historical data and declassified CIA documents from the previous decades..
Operation COINTELPRO and other plots were dismissed as conspiracy theory UNTIL the FBI and CIA by freedom of disclosure act declassified their documents stating that these operations did in fact exist. There was also Operation Bluebird, Operation Mockingbird and many other code named plans by the CIA to derail, disrupt, discredit and dispose of unwanted activists..
Maybe the "coincidence theorists" of today only believe that the CIA practiced these attacks in the previous decades and now are "not allowed" to engage in such activities, or the activists of today are somehow less important than the activists of the sixties who were victims of the now disclosed COINTELPRO operations!?
Would the CIA, FBI, IDF and other police state agencies not also learn from their mistakes of previous operations like COINTELPRO and try to improve upon their effectiveness today, or even attempt new and yet undiscovered and undisclosed operations to discourage activism??
An activist like Tristan who can switch from treesitting in Berkeley to helping the Palestinians defend against IDF incursions shows some skill and resolve that would be a threat to BOTH the UC police AND the IDF..
Now establishing that the IDF and UC Berkeley police are somehow in cahoots is a bit of a stretch, though it isn't entirely impossible in our digital age of photos over the internet. Not like some UC Berkeley cop needs to hop on an airplane and personally visit the IDF headquarters in Israel to share info about Tristan. Just one simple click of a mouse and there goes the photo from CA to Israel in five seconds!!
Within another few decades the freedom of disclosure act will demand the release of the operations of today, and won't everyone (except Fireball and other conspiracy theorists) be surprised that the FBI, CIA and IDF were all sharing info with one another about these activists?!
So all you anonymous so-called anarchist commentators telling Fireball to "shutup" for making this claim would do well to follow their own advice and zip it!!
Saturday Mar 21st, 2009 4:48 PM
"Under the guise of 'American' objectives and lack of congressional oversight, the CIA accomplish their exploits by using every trick in the book (and they know quite a few) that they actually teach in the notorious "School of the Americas", nicknamed the "School of Dictators" and "School of Assassins" by critics. The Association for Responsible Dissent estimates that 6 million people had died by 1987 as a result of CIA covert operations, called an "American Holocaust" by former State Department official William Blum. In 1948, the CIA recreated its covert action wing called the Office of Policy Coordination with Wall Street lawyer Frank Wisner as its first director. Another early elitist who served as Director of the CIA from 1953 to 1961 was Allen Dulles, a senior partner at the Wall Street firm of Sullivan and Cromwell, which represented the Rockefeller empire and other trusts, corporations, and cartels.
Starting in the early days of the Cold War (late 40's), the CIA began a secret project called Operation Mockingbird, with the intent of buying influence behind the scenes at major media outlets and putting reporters on the CIA payroll, which has proven to be a stunning ongoing success. The CIA effort to recruit American news organizations and journalists to become spies and disseminators of propaganda, was headed up by Frank Wisner, Allen Dulles, Richard Helms, and Philip Graham (publisher of The Washington Post). Wisner had taken Graham under his wing to direct the program code-named Operation Mockingbird and both have presumably committed suicide."
Tuesday Mar 24th, 2009 6:33 PM
Allow me to point out the fact that Tristan isn't the only one of the tree sitters who've receintly have been targeted. The Monday following his injury, Dumpster Muffin was at the solidarity demonstration in San Francisco. She was well disguised, but apparently not well enough. A guy on a motorcycle drove between her and some cops, nodded at them and sped away. Immediately, the cops rushed Dumpster Muffin and attacked her. It may interest you to know that she too sustained a head injury.
Think about it. Two tree sitters had head injuries within 72 hours. I say this is no coincidence. Tree sitters are at risk. How many more have to be hurt before people wake up to this fact? Only time will tell.
Serve no master other than your own ambition!
Wednesday Mar 25th, 2009 8:02 PM
I'm not convinced of the "UC was behind it" hypothesis, though i;ve heard it, including from Dumpster muffin, but it really pains me to ehar a bunch of people, all supporters of Tristan and the causes dear to him, going and attacking each other on this site.
I have my own suspicions not so much about whether it was planned in advance to target Tristan specifically as to how much i;d trust an Israeli surgeon with my precious brain and being...and ;d like some good up-to-fate medical information on just what has been done thus far. (I've got decent training in anatomy, psysiology, and neuropsychology and can probably be helpful translating some medical-speak into ordinary English. and worked with a lot of people who have sustained traumatic brain injuries.)
but can we stop screaming at each other on line, please/ we don;t have to agree on everything to be civil with one another. we;re all rightly a little scared, i think (you and i could be next!) and we are all grieving.
it;s bad enough that there are vicious people posting ugly stuff about how he 'had it coming' etc in the comments sections of the online papers. let;s not open cyber-fire on one another...please? show solidarity,e ven with the folks you think are whacked or mistaken. i have to do it every day. solidarity is not about always being in unison.
do it for Tristan, huh?
Thursday Mar 26th, 2009 7:33 PM
This is veering off subject from what happened to Tristan, though this additional info could help people who are struggling with believing to what extremes the CIA/FBI/DHS/etc... will go to subvert the will of the people..
Another CIA mind control tactic was "Operation Bluebird", and could be nicknamed the "Manchurian candidate" test complete with psychological operations designed to control people's behavior..
Given these extremes, how unlikely would it be for the CIA/FBI/DHS complex to email a few photos of Tristan to the IDF intel officers with a small file attached, sort of as a warning to the IDF about an activist worth noting, maybe with a suggestion of possible options to disable this activist??
Here's the CIA Operation Bluebird background, released after freedom of information act;
"Cold War Mind Control Experimentation
BLUEBIRD was approved by the CIA director on April 20, 1950. In August 1951, the Project was renamed ARTICHOKE. BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE included a great deal of work on the creation of amnesia, hypnotic couriers, and the Manchurian Candidate. [13][14] ARTICHOKE documents prove that hypnotic couriers functioned effectively in real-life simulations conducted by the CIA in the early 1950's. The degree to which such individuals were used in actual operations is still classified. P. 23
The BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE documents available through the Freedom of Information Act, like all such documents, are heavily redacted. A great deal of text has been whited out, and other documents must still be entirely classified. BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE were administered in a compartmented fashion. The details of the programs were kept secret even form other personnel within the CIA. When asked why LSD research done under ARTICHOKE was hidden from the CIA Committee in charge of ARTICHOKE, Sydney Gottlieb, Chief, Medical Staff, Technical Services Division, CIA, responded, "I imagine the only reason would have been concern for broadening awareness of its existence." P. 25, 27
An article in the February 18, 1979 Wilmington Sunday News Journal states: "The ARTICHOKE interrogation was conducted in a safe house in the remote countryside staffed by security-cleared personnel. It was conducted under medical cover of a routine physical and psychological assessment. The Subject was transported to the safe house in a 'covert car.' At the safe house he was given a conventional interrogation and then some whiskey. This was followed by two grams of Phenobarbital, which put him to sleep. A lie detector test was given, and the Subject was given intravenous chemicals. Following the chemically-assisted interrogation, the ARTICHOKE techniques were applied in three stages. A false memory was introduced into the Subject's mind without his conscious control. The procedure was repeated again with interrogation added." P. 28
ARTICHOKE operations involved detailed, systematic creation of specific amnesia barriers, new identities and hypnotically implanted codes and triggers. An ARTICHOKE document dated 7 January 1953 [15] describes the experimental creation of multiple personality in two 19-year old girls by the CIA. "H" is used as shorthand for hypnotic, hypnotized, or hypnotism:
"These subjects have clearly demonstrated that they can pass from a fully awake state to a deep H controlled state via the telephone, via some very subtle signal that cannot be detected by other persons in the room, and without the other individuals being able to note the change. It has been clearly shown that individuals can be induced into H by telephone, by receiving written matter, or by the use of code, signal, or words. Control of those hypnotized can be passed from one individual to another without great difficulty. It has also been shown by experimentation with these girls that they can act as unwilling couriers for information purposes, and that they can be conditioned to a point where they believe a change in identity on their part even on the polygraph." P. 32
Another ARTICHOKE document describes "Analogous Case #3." "A CIA Security Office employee was hypnotized and given a false identity. She defended it hotly, denying her true name and rationalizing with conviction the possession of identity cards made out to her real self. Later, having had the false identity erased by suggestion, she was asked if she had ever heard of the name she had been defending as her own five minutes before. She thought, shook her head, and said, 'That's a pseudo if I ever heard one.' Apparently she had true amnesia for the entire episode." P. 32, 33
In an experiment described in a document entitled "SI and H experimentation [16] (25 September 1951)", two female subjects took part in an exercise involving the planting of a bomb. Both subjects performed perfectly and were fully amnesic for the exercise: "[Deleted] was instructed that upon awakening, she would proceed to [deleted] room where she would wait at the desk for a telephone call. Upon receiving the call, a person known as "Jim" would engage her in normal conversation. During the course of the conversation, this individual would mention a code word. When she heard this code word, she would pass into a SI trance state, but would not close her eyes and remain perfectly normal and continue the telephone conversation. P. 37
She was told that upon conclusion of the telephone conversation, she would then carry out instructions: [Deleted] was shown an electric timing device. She was informed that this device was a bomb, and then instructed how to set the device. After [deleted] learned how to set and attach the device, she was told to take the timing device which was in a briefcase, and proceed to the ladies room [where] she would be met by a girl whom she had never seen who would identify herself by the code word "New York." [Deleted] was then to show this individual how to attach and set the timing device and further instructions would be given that the timing device was to be carried in the briefcase to [deleted] room, placed in the nearest empty electric-light plug and concealed in the bottom, left-hand drawer of [a] desk, with the device set for 82 seconds and turned on." P. 37, 38
The BLUEBIRD/ARTICHOKE materials establish conclusively that full Manchurian Candidates were created and tested successfully by physicians with TOP SECRET clearance from the CIA. P. 61
As well as being potential couriers and infiltration agents, the subjects could function in effect as hypnotically controlled cameras. They could enter a room or building, memorize materials quickly, leave the building, and then be amnesic for the entire episode. The memorized material could then be retrieved by a handler using a previously implanted code or signal, without the amnesia being disturbed. Hypnosis was not the mind control doctors' only method for creation of controlled amnesia, however. Drugs, magnetic fields, sound waves, sleep deprivation, solitary confinement, and many other methods were studied under BLUEBIRD and ARTHICHOKE. P. 38
Another problem addressed repeatedly in the documents is called "The Problem of Disposal of Subjects." Several personnel recommended the use of lobotomies for this purpose, but according to the documents this was rejected as too unethical and too high a negative publicity risk. P. 41"
read more about Op Bluebird @;
My reason for posting this here is that i am disturbed by attitudes that somehow the worst is behind us and that the CIA/FBI/DHS complex is now "behaving themselves" and certainly wouldn't try similar or entirely new and unheard of tactics on the activists of today. We still need to wait several years before the freedom of information act takes effect and releases the results of current programs run by the CIA/FBI/DHS complex..
We take great risks when allowing overly naive thinking to make people oblivious of the potential for disruption coming in many different forms, and that these disruptive events (shelling people in the head, sending them to the hospital, etc...) are only simple 'accidents of coincidence' and to question the pattern of misfortunes befalling activists as something other than coincidence is "paranoid thinking brought about from excessive cannabis consumption" as some comments have stated..
While people should not allow themselves to be paralyzed by fear (the opposite polar extreme of overly naive 'nothing bad will happen to us now' thinking), we all must be aware that serious activism can result in potential "disruptions" ranging from physical/mental assault, gang stalking, so-called 'accidents', so-called 'suicides' and other interventions designed to disable activists from doing their work, as was the case with Tristan. Even if the disruption does not permanantly derail the activist, it is always a serious setback once it occurs..
Friday Mar 27th, 2009 9:19 AM
Fireball does nobody any favours by trying to link Tristan's injury to the tree-sitting. Berkely could have made his life hell much more easily in CA. The claim on Dumpster Muffin is an even more ridiculous way to target somebody. Pull yourselves together folks, or look like idiots.
Saturday Mar 28th, 2009 6:15 PM
Looks like I struck a few nerves on this subject. Not that this was my intention, but I guess it's to be expected. But a little respect for my freedom of the press would be appreciated.
And I'm not trying to get people to panic either. I'm simply saying that those of us who were at the tree sit should be a little more careful these days.
Those who say that U. C. Berkeley would never do such a thing, probably never participated at the tree sit at all, or even read much on the subject. U. C. Berkeley used several dangerous tactics to extract the tree sitters, such as sleep deprivation, starvation, dehydration, and all out attacks using cherry pickers and cranes. Tristan's girlfriend, Millipede, was extracted when a cherry picker rammed into her tree 5 or 6 times, when she was dropped into the bucket of said cherry picker from 60 feet above the ground.
U. C. Berkeley has demonstrated that they have no regard for the lives of people. And as if this isn't enough, let's not forget that U. C. Berkeley is the birthplace of nuclear weapons.
To say that the university would not kill someone, is an act of ignorance, or very naive.
Serve no master other than your own ambition!


text:
Read traveller's reviews about Singalila National Park..
Overall Rating:
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"From this park four highest peaks may be seen,attractive wild life"
'4' out of 5
"Close to nature. Untouched by development."
'5' out of 5
"The only place in the world from where you can view the world's four highest peaks out of five. 1. Everest Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 29,035 3. Kangchenjunga Himalayas India/Nepal 28,169 4. Lhotse Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 27,940 5. Makalu Himalayas Nepal/Tibet 27,766 You can get the 360 degree view of Himalayas from Sandakfu and Phulet in a clear day. The bumpy motor-able road to Singalila National Park remains open during March-May and Septmber-November. The rest six months road remains closed or blocked due to monsoon and heavy snowfall. The place is a must visit to have a lifetime experience.The highest point of this Park is Sandakfu is located at an altitude of 12000 feet. The place does not have electricity and runs on solar power. "
'5' out of 5
"Always wants to be here. ..my birth place "


text:
Ground-based analog facilities have had wide use in mimicking some of the features of spaceflight in a more-controlled and less-expensive manner. One such analog is parabolic flight, in which an aircraft flies repeated parabolic trajectories that provide short-duration periods of free fall (0 g) alternating with high-g pullout or recovery phases. Parabolic flight is unique in being able to provide true 0 g in a ground-based facility. Accordingly, it lends itself well to the investigation of specific areas of human spaceflight that can benefit from this capability, which predominantly includes neurovestibular effects, but also others such as human factors, locomotion, and medical procedures. Applications to research in artificial gravity and to effects likely to occur in upcoming commercial suborbital flights are also possible.
- sensorimotor
- pulmonary
- motion sickness
- vestibular
- locomotion
- spaceflight
One of the first of the spaceflight analogs, parabolic flight, is unique in that it can provide true 0 g (weightlessness, or more properly free fall), albeit for only short periods at a time. It can also provide a suitable analog for a wide range of effects seen in orbital and deep-space flight: issues related to physiology, human factors, operational training, and procedures. This short review will concentrate on parabolic flight as an analog for the effects on humans of spaceflight and on its applicability as a training environment. Many studies have used parabolic flight as a general physiological stimulus, for example to induce motion sickness or as a means to investigate other aspects of physiological function. These are not considered here unless they have a clear connection to spaceflight.
Several terms are used to denote the gravitational circumstances of spaceflight: weightlessness, zero g or 0 g, microgravity, free fall, and others. Several other terms for were used in early published articles, such as gravity-free state, null-gravity state, and subgravity (6, 34, 43). (These early publications also show that parabolic flight predates human spaceflight and that the need to study the effects of 0 g was recognized well before even the first artificial satellite was launched in 1957.) It should be recognized that a spacecraft in orbit is not truly in "zero gravity," or it would not be in orbit; it clearly is subject to gravitational force. Likewise, a parabolic-flight aircraft and its occupants are not truly in zero gravity or they would not return to Earth. In each case, the proper description is one of free fall, which is continuous in the case of orbital flight and intermittent in the case of parabolic flight. For a spacecraft in deep space and not in orbit, "zero g" or "microgravity" might be a more appropriate descriptor. For the purposes of this review, the term "0 g" is used to denote all of these situations, with the understanding that reference is made to the net gravitoinertial force on the occupants during the periods of time under consideration.
Probably the biggest advantage of parabolic flight as an analog, apart from true free fall, is the ready access for investigators and subjects. Perhaps the greatest disadvantage is the fact that 0 g phases (or other hypo-g phases) are interspersed with hyper-g phases, which can present a substantial confound. Another disadvantage is that the 0 g periods are very brief—on the order of 25 s each. This calls into question the applicability as an analog for the long-duration missions that are now being planned by a number of government space agencies, because significant adaptive and compensatory effects take place over time periods much greater than those available in parabolic flight. Thus the usefulness is not currently as broad as it once was, when human spaceflights were much shorter (days or weeks). Nevertheless, there are still cases in which the short phases of 0 g in parabolic flight have benefit and applicability for long-duration flights and there are also cases of applicability to shorter flights such as those planned by commercial operators.
There are some specific areas in which parabolic flight is particularly useful:
Where incremental and intermediate g levels are of use;
Cases in which alternating g levels (usually a nuisance) might be put to good use;
When investigators must fly along with the experiment to operate the experimental apparatus, monitor the results, or oversee the safety and comfort of the human subject. This also enables the ability to, when necessary, make immediate changes to experiment procedures based on results as they are obtained;
Investigation of phenomena with short time constants or where the effect under study can be built up over multiple repeated 0 g exposures.
Why a parabola?
Consider an object in motion under the influence of a uniform gravity field and no other external forces (neglecting air resistance). An example is a ball tossed into the air. From the time the ball leaves the hand until it lands, its trajectory is a parabola. Why is this the case? The simplest answer is that a parabola is the second integral of a mathematical constant. If one desires a constant g level (constant acceleration along the vertical direction), then the second integral of that constant describes the motion of the object along the vertical direction. This second integral is a parabola. There are nuances to this description because of the aerodynamic maneuvers necessary to maintain the flight profile and keep the aircraft in the proper flight regimen (40).
It is likely that the largest number of parabolic-flight investigations have been in the area of neurovestibular function. This is partly because of experience in the Apollo program of incidences of motion sickness in space (38) and the recognition that this could pose an operational problem during flights of the US space shuttle starting in the 1980s (22). This led to a substantial interest in, and body of work related to, space motion sickness (SMS), more broadly known as space adaptation syndrome (SAS). The majority of studies in this area fall into the overlapping categories of spatial orientation and motion sickness, with several others addressing related issues of sensorimotor adaptation more generally.
Use of parabolic flight to mimic neurovestibular aspects of spaceflight can also be attributed to a simple observation: in both cases the subject is in a state of free fall and in neither case is this perceived, showing the importance of cues other than simply the vestibular otolith organs in generating perceptions of body orientation and motion in an altered-g environment (49). Subjects experiencing their first 0 g parabola also sometimes report a sensation of forward tumbling or pitching, as do some astronauts on first entering orbit, again demonstrating that at least some neurovestibular aspects of spaceflight can be reproduced in parabolic flight.
Space motion sickness—characteristics.
In the area of space motion sickness, initial studies reproduced motion sickness in parabolic flight and determined some of its basic characteristics. This included finding that subjects lacking a functioning vestibular system would not develop motion sickness in parabolic flight (56), which confirmed the vestibular origin and connected SMS to terrestrial forms of motion sickness. This was followed by studies that extended this finding, showing that head movements in 0 g are provocative for motion sickness (46), whereas more recent studies have shown that fundamental properties of neurovestibular function such as velocity storage (perseveration of vestibularly driven eye movements after cessation of motion) can be related to susceptibility (30). This is an example where the parabolic-flight model, developed for investigating spaceflight phenomena, can be of more general use in understanding the underlying physiology.
Space motion sickness—predicting susceptibility.
Naturally there has been great interest in using parabolic flight to predict individual susceptibility to space motion sickness, as a tool for astronaut screening or assignment of mission roles (37).
There is little or no correlation between susceptibility to motion sickness in parabolic flight and in orbital flight (58). This is a major problem and calls into question the relevance of parabolic flight as an analog for this aspect of neurovestibular function. There is, however, one aspect of spaceflight that is apparently expressed in the short durations of the 0 g phases of parabolic flight and which might enable prediction of space-based motion sickness. This is the phenomenon of otolith asymmetry, related to tilt-translation interpretation. During the g-level changes of parabolic flight there are changes in torsional eye position (17). These changes can be markedly asymmetric (53, 54) and are on the order of 1 degree. This change in torsional alignment may be due to loss of compensation for otolith asymmetry in unusual g environments; on earth, the nervous system presumably compensates for natural asymmetries (e.g., unequal otoconial mass) in otolith properties (79), but in other than 1 g this compensation is inappropriate and produces torsional misalignment. A similar disconjugate change has been found during spaceflight (28), persisting throughout flights up to 180 days and for many days after flight. Torsional offsets seen in parabolic flight have been proposed as a predictive test for space motion sickness (26, 53). Motion sickness in parabolic flight has likewise been correlated with differences in ocular counterrolling with tilts to the right and left (27, 48); this is intriguing because it implies a link between motion sickness susceptibility in parabolic flight and in spaceflight, whereas other studies have not been able to establish this connection. This line of investigation shows some promise and deserves to be pursued, although as noted it is troubling that there is no correlation of sickness in parabolic flight to actual space sickness, which calls into question its validity as an analog for this use.
Spatial orientation.
Closely related to the problem of motion sickness in spaceflight is that of spatial disorientation due to confusing vestibular signals as a result of altered g level. There are clear operational concerns that might arise as a consequence, especially during periods when the g level is changing, which will also be the times when peak human performance would typically be necessary (e.g., piloted planetary landing after a long period of 0 g). This is also an area in which research results can provide information on fundamental mechanisms of sensory signal processing [e.g., the role of the various otolith organs (23)] relevant also to terrestrial physiology and medicine.
Following early studies on motion sickness and orientation were those that investigated the role of tactile and proprioceptive cues in spatial orientation and perception of body position in 0 g. Theoretical considerations would suggest that, when static vestibular signals are difficult to interpret because of lack of a constant g vector, other sensory information would take on a more prominent role in providing orientation information. Subsequent studies verified this for somatosensory cues (44, 45) as well as visual cues (see below). There is, for example, a loss of awareness of body orientation in 0 g but recovery of the sense of "down" when touch and pressure cues are applied (49). These cues also influence perceived motion during recumbent rotation in 0 g in parabolic flight (50), showing that they take on increased importance when static vestibular cues are unreliable. Deep knee bends in hyper-g (1.8 g) in parabolic flight, in those adapted to 1 g, provoke a similar percept of the floor moving up to meet them, as do astronauts when doing the same after orbital flight (47).
These and similar results are nicely summarized: "Human spatial orientation and oculomotor control are under multimodal influence. It is not possible in the normal animal to stimulate differentially the vestibular receptors without activating other receptor systems whose activity may have a profound influence on postural control and experienced orientation. Many patterns of behavior and response that have been attributed solely to vestibular function are actually dependent wholly or in part on touch, kinesthetic, and proprioceptive stimulation" (44). Systematic manipulation of g level, as in parabolic flight, provides an excellent tool with which to explore these multimodal influences.
Visual orientation cues.
Another aspect of multisensory reorganization that occurs in spaceflight is the dominance of more reliable visual cues for orientation, relative to less-reliable static otolith cues. This was found in orbital flights of the ESA Spacelab module in the US Space Shuttle: the visually induced sense of self motion induced by a moving field in the periphery ("vection") is stronger in 0 g than on the ground where the gravity vector provides a conflict to the perception of head-over-heels rotation (83). This perception is reduced by static tactile cues, both in orbital and parabolic flights. The findings have been further confirmed by showing a rapid enhancement of visual cues for orientation in 0 g parabolic flight (18). This is another example where the 0 g phase of parabolic flight can reproduce an effect seen in orbital flight; findings such as this help to define the envelope in which parabolic flight can serve as a spaceflight analog.
Visual orientation illusions.
A visual reorientation illusion (VRI) is defined as the phenomenon of a person in an altered g level who feels right side up but has a perception that the surroundings have suddenly changed orientation, so that for example if the feet are toward the ceiling the ceiling is suddenly perceived to be the floor. Astronauts in flight and participants in parabolic flight who experience this phenomenon report that it is "far more compelling than when simply viewing a photograph" that mimics the reorientation (59). Again, a similarity of effect between parabolic and spaceflight establishes the legitimacy of this setting as an analog for vestibular effects.
Neural substrate.
The neural substrate for some of the illusions of spatial orientation reported by astronauts in orbital flight (59) has been explored with recordings of rat head-direction cells in parabolic flight (74). In this case, direction-specificity of the cells was absent with the animal on a ceiling or vertical wall in 0 g. There was an occasional firing burst when the rat was on the ceiling, with the head oriented "in directions that were flipped relative to the long axis of symmetry of the chamber compared with the cell's preferred firing direction on the floor." This might provide the neural substrate for a visual reorientation illusion in 0 g. It is also a good example of a translational study using an animal model in parabolic flight to provide insight into known phenomena experienced by humans in spaceflight.
Context-specific adaptation.
One area of work that explicitly makes use of the alternating g levels of parabolic flight is that of contextual adaptation. By this is meant the ability to attain and store two different adapted states, each associated with a context cue, such that the context cue brings into play the associated adapted state. As an example, it has been shown that saccadic eye movements can have two different gains (amplitude of primary saccade in response to a target displacement of a given size), each gain associated with a different g level in parabolic flight. This is true contextual adaptation, because, normally, g level should have no effect on saccade gain (71, 72). This raises the possibility that contextual adaptation might be used to advantage in training procedures or in adapting sensorimotor behaviors that are relevant to spaceflight, where the training or adaptation can take place in a short-duration flight in 0 g and be recalled later on a long-duration flight as needed. An intriguing result in this regard is that one subject in the studies above showed contextual saccade adaptation after a set of parabolic flights, which was retained over an intervening period of 8 mo before a second set of flights was undertaken. Eight months is the approximate time for a journey to the vicinity of Mars under the most likely scenarios, and so this result holds promise for contextual adaptive retention for these missions.
LOCOMOTION IN NONTERRESTRIAL g LEVELS
Locomotion on nonterrestrial surfaces (moon, Mars, etc.) is different from that on Earth. This results from differences in g loading, suit mobility, energy conservation, and surface composition and friction. The effects can be seen in video footage from the Apollo missions, where astronauts adopt a loping "gallop" type of gait. Investigations of the most efficient gait, energy consumption, and suit designs can be fruitfully performed in the different g levels that are available in parabolic flight, using it as a planetary rather than a 0 g analog, and this is another unique benefit of parabolic flight. The biomechanics of exercise countermeasures, both treadmill running and resistive exercise, are also well suited for evaluation during parabolic flight. This work has a long history going back to the Apollo program (52, 69) and continues to the present day (25) and now includes simulations of destinations other than the moon, such as Mars (16). Notably, there are considerable differences between locomotion in parabolic flight and in a horizontal-suspension system used to simulate reduced gravity (24), which speaks to the higher fidelity of parabolic flight for this type of work.
A great many studies on cardiovascular function have been carried out in parabolic flight. Not all of them relate to effects seen in actual spaceflight (1, 2), because some effects have time courses longer than the 0 g phase of parabolic flight, such as a decrease in blood and interstitial fluid volumes. However, a surprising number of phenomena happen rapidly enough to be investigated in parabolic flight (3): vagal predominance and slowing of heart rate, baroreflex alterations (10, 66), and pressure changes. Fluid shift toward the head and upper body, another well-known consequence of spaceflight, is also seen to some degree during parabolic flight (4, 57). On the other hand, heart volume initially increases in spaceflight [as also seen in parabolic flight (77)] but then decreases, and it is important to recognize this and other limitations of parabolic flight in terms of the different time courses of effects. It is difficult to draw clear conclusions for some of these phenomena, because there may be changes even over the course of the 20-30 s of a single 0 g phase [for example in motor sympathetic nerve activity (39)] related to the dynamics of fluid shifts and likely exacerbated by vestibular contributions.
Parabolic flight has also been useful in interpreting an unexpected finding in orbital spaceflight of an initial rapid drop in central venous pressure (CVP) on entering orbit (10). This was surprising because there is a decrease in CVP and increased heart chamber volumes, whereas cardiac filling and stroke volume remained high. Parabolic flight experiments helped to understand this when it was found (77) in the 0 g phases that CVP decreased and there was a concomitant but larger decrease in intrathoracic pressure so that the pressure across the cardiac wall (transmural pressure) actually increased. Pressure inside the heart increased more than that in the surrounding body space, associated with an increase in atrial diameter, and these mechanical effects are rapid.
An issue of great interest is the change in visual acuity seen in some astronauts after extended stays in space. This is hypothesized to be at least in part a consequence of headward fluid shift. Because it was not apparent until flights of extended duration (months), one might wonder if the short duration of 0 g in parabolic flight would be of any value in understanding its etiology. In parabolic flight, intracranial pressure (ICP) was measured directly in patients with catheters implanted for other diagnostic reasons. In 0 g, ICP is slightly less than when supine in 1 g (51). Because these vision changes are not seen in normal terrestrial life despite being supine for approximately one-third of the time, an elevated ICP per se might not be a precipitating cause of the visual impairments, but rather the prevailing value over time might be the key parameter. This again demonstrates a significant benefit of parabolic flight: the ability to perform research with subjects and procedures (implanted devices) that might pose an unacceptable risk in actual spaceflight.
Orthostatic intolerance is currently well controlled with countermeasures and external assistance upon return to Earth from long-durations missions to ISS. It is, however, a concern for conditions of unassisted egress. There is an increase in orthostatic intolerance after parabolic flight, which is associated with a decrease in total peripheral resistance (67). Orthostatic intolerance could again be an operational issue for commercial suborbital flights, and parabolic flight as an analog of these shorter flights with lesser-trained participants would be helpful in addressing this issue.
These studies demonstrate that, within limits, parabolic flight can be useful to explore findings seen in long spaceflights. This may be surprising, because some overt effects are not apparent until spaceflights of several weeks or months. This of course does not mean that underlying mechanisms cannot be profitably investigated in parabolic flight.
A great many studies have been performed in parabolic flight to investigate other physiological functions in humans, some of which are relevant to spaceflight. These are not included in this review if they do not reach a critical mass of studies that could be considered as having made use of parabolic flight as a spaceflight analog as opposed to using it simply to alter g level for basic investigations or to follow up on a specific spaceflight finding with a specific and limited parabolic-flight study. This is a subjective judgment as to whether any given body of work is extensive enough that there is an investigator community and set of established findings that relate parabolic flight and spaceflight findings in the associated field of study.
Pulmonary function.
One area that does merit inclusion is that of pulmonary function. Although several studies have been performed in spaceflight using g level to understand basic mechanisms, the use of parabolic flight to understand better the clearance of particulate matter from the lungs is an application that merits special attention. Here, parabolic flight fills a special niche in providing a 0 g or hypo-g environment that can mimic spaceflight or time on a planetary surface while allowing for inhalation of particles that can be tracked to determine clearance rates in a safer and more controlled setting than orbital flight. Thus the ability to provide intermediate g levels and safety monitoring uniquely qualify parabolic flight for this application, which is a spaceflight analog because clearance of particulates may be an issue during planetary exploration, depending on surface composition (21).
Gene expression.
Intriguing results have been found for rapid changes in gene expression in a variety of organisms from plants (60) to humans (33). These findings are intriguing, and their implications are not fully understood. In particular, relevance to long-duration flights, where there is time for compensatory mechanisms, might be limited. The interspersed periods of hyper-g also lead to problems in interpretation. Nevertheless, findings of g-related changes in gene expression might help in understanding longer-term changes in immune function (20) and pathogen virulence (82) that have been found in long missions. The more immediate relevance, however, might be to understanding the effects of acute 0 g in suborbital flights and in the investigation of intermediate g levels for work on artificial gravity (both of which are discussed subsequently).
The use by astronauts of three-dimensional spacecraft volume, body restraints to perform tasks (29, 78), and changes in movement strategies as a result of the lack of gravity can be studied only with high fidelity in a true 0 g setting such as parabolic flight. Nevertheless, many of the anthropometric effects of 0 g on the body are time dependent and express themselves fully only after extended time in space. Thus the use of parabolic flight as an analog for issues such as habitability, suit design, and vehicle configuration is limited.
As one example, in space the body takes on a neutral posture due to the natural muscle positions and lack of the need to fight gravity. This position resembles a partial crouch and is naturally assumed when working at most tasks that do not require a more specific posture to correspond to the work space. Investigation of effects related to neutral body posture is promising in parabolic flight, because this posture can be seen in that setting. These studies are, however, limited because the posture is more erect in parabolic flight than in space, possibly because of imperfect 0 g and anticipation of the hyper-g phase in parabolic flight (29, 75).
The use of spacecraft volume in three dimensions would seem to be an area for exploration in parabolic flight. At the least, vehicle and habitat designers might find it instructive to experience 0 g in parabolic flight to free their thinking from the constraints of two dimensions (31) and to understand changes in movement kinematics and strategies (19, 75). One study of limb movements suggested that movement variability might be due to difference in cognitive demand in flight and resulting variations in processing capacity available for adaptation. In this case, parabolic flight might provide a better means of controlling this variable (9). Studies of how reaching, for example, might be altered in different g levels (80) and the issue of ergonomics more generally in the design of workstations (81) are also valuable avenues of work that benefit from true 0 g.
Astronaut crews on future long-distance, long-duration flights may be called upon to perform medical procedures of various kinds. A great many studies on medical procedures and surgery have been performed in parabolic flight (14). Some aspects examined include CPR (5, 63, 64), imaging (predominantly ultrasound) (55, 65), surgery (61), airway management and tracheal intubation (32, 42), endoscopic procedures (12), in-flight apparatus (36), advanced capabilities such as robotically aided procedures (35), and others (65, 73). Animal surgery has also been performed for research investigations with success (13). Although parabolic flight might provide 0 g phases that are too brief to practice or develop the corresponding procedures in full, there are some component tasks and skills that might benefit from such training. A few problems specific to medical and surgical procedures in a weightless environment that have been studied in parabolic flight are worth noting: control of fluids (15), changes in fine motor control (62), and restraint of instruments, patient, and physician (11).
It is conceivable that suborbital spaceflights would be more suitable for this application (see below) given the longer period of near-constant 0 g. The repetitions of 0 g available in parabolic flight, however, allow for repetition and refinement of approaches. A combined effort, with initial work in parabolic flight and later verification in suborbital flight, might be the best available strategy.
Human spaceflight continues to expand. NASA and other government space programs are developing ambitious plans for future expeditions to the vicinity of Mars, to return to the moon, and to establish a permanent presence in low Earth orbit (LEO). Commercial spaceflights will also come into play soon, with flight to ISS to support its mission, suborbital spaceflights for recreation and research, and eventual orbital flights for the same (nongovernment) participants. In each of these cases, parabolic flights have a role to play as an analog.
Artificial gravity.
In the case of extended flights to far-off destinations, artificial gravity might be implemented as a countermeasure to an array of physiological deficits that arise during long stays in a 0 g environment. Here, parabolic flight is uniquely suited in that it can readily provide a variety of g levels intermediate between 0 and 1 g. This will be critical in helping to determine the necessary g levels to be implemented in an eventual artificial gravity spacecraft. A range of experimental models will be useful here; in particular it should be noted that plants have demonstrated very rapid changes in gene expression during the short periods of 0 g in parabolic flight (see above).
Suborbital spaceflights.
Suborbital flights will soon be available to a very broad range of individuals (70, 76). Given the cost of these flights to the individual and the limited time in which to perform research during the free-fall phase, it would be most unfortunate if participants' first exposure to 0 g and g transitions was during the suborbital flight itself. Hence, if nothing else, parabolic flight can provide a training ground and stepping stone for those intending to participate in suborbital flights, especially for dealing with g transitions. As an example, there is an increased release of stress hormones in parabolic flight, likely due to a confluence of factors, that might be relevant to suborbital flights (68). Extensive studies with centrifugation have been used to help prepare and screen participants for these flights in terms of tolerance to the hyper-g phases (7, 8), whereas the 0 g phase has received relatively less attention. An intriguing possibility is to use parabolic flight to predict who might have neurovestibular problems (motion sickness and disorientation) in suborbital flight. This would revisit the earlier NASA use of parabolic flights in an attempt to predict susceptibility in orbital flight, as noted previously. However, parabolic flight and suborbital flight have more in common (predominance of g transitions) than do parabolic flight and orbital flight, and this endeavor might be more successful now than previously (41). This would make use of parabolic flight as an analog of suborbital flight.
In all cases mentioned, it is the author's opinion that the potential of parabolic flight for the development and testing of countermeasures to the debilitating effects of spaceflight is significantly underutilized. The possibilities are especially promising for commercial suborbital flight but also for emulation of aspects relevant to long-duration exploration flights in the areas of artificial gravity and procedures training. Because of the short duration of 0 g exposure and the intervening hyper-g phases, a challenge remains in identifying more areas of connection between parabolic flight and spaceflight, where the unique qualities of the former can be used to good advantage to assist the latter.
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).
Author contributions: M.S. interpreted results of experiments; M.S. drafted manuscript; M.S. edited and revised manuscript; M.S. approved final version of manuscript.
- Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society
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My Friends Hot Mom Erica Lauren
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Russillo & Kannell
Weekdays 3-4p
Kanell joined ESPN in 2010 as a college football game and studio analyst. Prior to joining ESPN, Kanell was an NFL and college football analyst for WQAM Miami and CBS4 Miami.
After playing quarterback at Florida State for four years, Kanell was drafted by the New York Giants in 1996. He also played for the Atlanta Falcons and the Denver Broncos until 2004.
While he played football throughout college, Kanell also played baseball for the Seminoles as a freshman and sophomore. He was drafted by the New York Yankees after his junior year at Florida State and had previously been drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers while in college.
A 1996 graduate of Florida State, Kanell was selected as the 1995 ACC Player of the Year and the National Football Foundation and College Hall of Fame Scholar Athlete. He is a member of the 2008 ACC Football Championship Legends Class and the Broward County Sports Hall of Fame. Kanell was inducted into the Florida State Hall of Fame in 2012.
Russillo was named co-host of ESPN Radio's Scott Van Pelt Show in May 2009. Since June 2015, he has hosted The Russillo Show with a group of alternating co-hosts, including Kanell.
Previously, Russillo hosted ESPN Radio's College GameDay (noon-7 p.m. Saturdays throughout the football season). Russillo joined ESPN Radio in February 2006, and hosted NBA Sunday, The Baseball Show and the NFL Draft.
Prior to joining ESPN, Russillo was a sports voice in Boston, Mass. where he was a CSN studio host and NBA analyst, and a Sporting News Radio host. Previously, he was play-by-play voice of the Trenton (N.J.) Thunder, the Boston Red Sox Double A team. Russillo, a native of West Tisbury, Mass., is a 1997 graduate of the University of Vermont.


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The Riot Club 2014 Watch Movie Full Online. Two first-year students at Oxford University join the infamous Riot Club, where reputations can be made or destroyed over the course of a single evening.
If you're unable to stream the movie, Please refresh the page by pressing F5 button and try to play the movie!
Published on April 21, 2016 by admin


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Surfers Paradise is a suburb on the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia.
Surfers Paradise is where you'll find the perfect fusion of city and beach lifestyles set amidst a spectacular skyline and brilliant stretch of coast. Once you arrive, you'll soon feel that you've literally arrived in paradise. With an abundance of theme parks and family attractions all in easy access, you're never short of finding things to do.
Colloquially known as 'Surfers', the suburb has many high-rise apartment buildings and a wide surf beach. The feature of the central business district is Cavill Mall, which runs through the shopping precinct. Cavill Avenue, named after Jim Cavill, an early hotel owner, is one of the busiest shopping strips in Queensland, and the centre of activity for night life. It's the best known feature of the Gold Coast's skyline. Burleigh and Coolangatta also have skyscrapers, though shorter and fewer.
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The Gold Coast Oceanway is a foreshoreway along a beachfront alignment between Narrowneck and Surfers Central, then inland along a narrow corridor along Garfield and Northcliffe Terraces behind the beachfront highrises.
Schoolies week is celebrated by around 50,000 high school graduates each November.
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Surfers Paradise is the jewel of Queensland's Gold Coast and one of the most popular holiday destinations in Australia. Vibrant and eclectic, Surfers Paradise provides non-stop action.


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