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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 30, 1999
|Filing date
|Jan 22, 1997
|Priority date
|Nov 25, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Paul Gerad van de Veen
|Original Assignee
|Otto Bock Orthopadische Industrie Besitz Und Verwaltungs Kommanditgesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (54), Classifications (7), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/454,691 filed May 31, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,645,590.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a pivot device between parts of an orthopedic aid, for example a prosthetic knee for leg amputees, comprising a multi-element kinematic joint chain with at least four joint members, in which the members connected with one another have a common rotational axis, and these rotational axes extend essentially parallel to one another.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of multi-element joint systems for replacement or reinforcement of joint function in orthopedic aids has already been known for a long time and is frequently employed because of the advantages that such a mechanism enjoys over more conventional mechanisms with a single fixed pivot (center of rotation). These advantages include among others an improved following or improved imitation, in comparison to a single-axis joint mechanism, of a natural movement of the limbs and an increased or better-controllable joint stability under load and are achieved by a suitable choice of the dimensions of the members of the joint system and their positions with respect to one another. In particular, when a multi-element joint system is used to replace or reinforce the knee function, the latter aspect is of great significance. At the beginning of a step, when the heel touches the ground and the joint mechanism in the extended position is loaded by the weight of the user, it is important that the mechanism not bend immediately because the user would then have no support for the body and would fall. This can be prevented in a single-axis joint mechanism only by using a complex and less reliable brake mechanism.
In a multi-element joint system this property on the other hand can be achieved by choosing the joint geometry in such fashion that in the extended state of the joint mechanism, the virtual rotational point around which pivots the lower leg or the part of the leg prosthesis that replaces the lower leg, lies behind the line of application that connects the two loading points, namely the heel and the hip joint.
By a suitable choice of the geometry of the multi-rod mechanism, it is also possible to ensure that the virtual point of rotation of a stepping movement is located such that the prosthesis or "orthosis" can be brought into a forwardly pivoting movement more simply in comparison to a single-axis mechanism. The great stability to be achieved at the beginning of a stepping movement, the easily conferred backward swinging movement, and the possibility of finding a good compromise between these two properties in a simple fashion make the multi-rod mechanism suitable simply for replacement or for reinforcement of a joint function.
An important requirement for a kinematic multi-rod mechanism in such applications is that it have an initial deflecting bend under load, as for example the human knee joint also does under load. The cushioning effect of this initial deflecting bending of the joint under loading of the leg prevents a jerky gait which can be uncomfortable for the user and even painful with time. The initial bending of the joint also prevents a limitation of the vertical movement of the center of gravity of the body so that the energy required for walking remains limited. This knee bending is referred to as "stance flexion."
The existing pivoting devices between parts of an orthopedic aid, for example a prosthesis for leg amputees, suffer from at least one of the following disadvantages:
They do not exhibit the properties described at all.
They possess the described properties only to a slight extent. This is the case when the stance flexion that occurs in practice is no greater than 3� to 4� which is too limited for the described advantages of stance flexion to be completely realized.
They produce the described properties by using a multi-element joint system with two degrees of freedom, both of which can be understood as the above-mentioned pivoting movement of the mechanism, with the movement taking place according to a single degree of freedom against the spring force of an elastic element and with the two degrees of freedom influencing one another mutually, but nevertheless being independent of one another. These mechanisms have the disadvantage that the exchange of stored spring energy between these degrees of freedom is always possible, and this is perceived by the user as an extremely unpleasant effect so that additional means, for example dissipative elements, are required in order to convert this spring energy into heat by dissipation.
They provide the described properties by using a multi-element joint system with only a single degree of freedom and one turning point in the pivoting movement, which is achieved by virtue of the fact that in the extension of one of the members of the multi-element joint system a second member or a push-on connection is provided that makes such mechanisms relatively long.
The goal of the invention is to provide a device that provides a stance flexion that is so large that the advantages of stance flexion as possessed by the natural knee joint are fully realized.
In addition, the invention has the goal of achieving this task without the above-mentioned disadvantages of existing devices.
Another goal of the invention is to provide a device that combines simple design with high reliability.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a device of the species recited at the outset characterized by the fact that in the initial position of the multi-element joint system, one element (joint element) can execute two movements with respect to the other elements (joint elements) connected with it, with at least one movement, following its initiation, blocking the other possible movement at least predominantly.
The device according to the invention produces the desired flexibility and relatively great stance flexion in connection with preventing the second degree of freedom of movement and with a relatively small and simply produced mechanism at that.
It must be emphasized that the term "movement" used here must be understood either as pure rotation or pure translation or as any fixed combination of a rotation with a translation. In other words, the term "movement" describes/comprises the movement according to a single typical degree of freedom of movement of the joint mechanism.
The additional spring element to for example can be used to bring the lower leg slightly forward to end the swing phase.
Additional features of the invention will be explained with reference to the embodiments of the invention shown in the following figures, but is not limited to them.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a prosthetic knee joint according to the invention, located between an artificial upper leg and an artificial lower leg;
FIG. 2 shows the prosthetic knee joint according to FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale and with a partially cut-away perspective view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a side view of the prosthetic knee joint according to FIG. 2 in the resting state;
FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 showing the prosthetic knee joint under a weight load;
FIG. 5 is a partially cut-away perspective view of a variation in the loaded state;
FIG. 6 is a view of the prosthetic knee joint according to FIG. 5 corresponding to FIG. 4 in the loaded state;
FIG. 7 is a view of the prosthetic knee joint, corresponding to FIG. 6, in the unloaded state;
FIG. 8 is another modified design in a partially cut-away perspective view in the state without a weight load;
FIG. 9 is a view of the prosthetic knee joint according to FIG. 8 corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 7 in the resting state;
FIG. 10 is a view of the prosthetic knee joint according to FIG. 8, corresponding to FIG. 9, under weight load;
FIG. 11 is a view of a variation that corresponds with FIG. 6; and
FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to FIG. 11 showing the prosthetic knee joint under a weight load;
FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view showing an additional embodiment of the present invention
FIGS. 14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19; 20, 21, 22; 23, 24, 25; 26, 27, 28 are schematic side views showing five additional embodiments each in three states.
FIG. 1 shows a prosthetic knee joint 1, a first part 3 connected with an artificial upper leg 2, and a lower part 6 connected with an artificial lower leg 4 with foot 5. The prosthetic knee joint 1 also includes a kinematic joint chain, described below, to which parts 3 and 6 belong.
The rotational axes (pivot joints) 8, 9, 10, 11 are all essentially parallel to one another and define a movement plane that runs perpendicularly to them.
A guide block 15 is connected with rotational axis 11 with articulation, in which block rear joint element 14 is slidably guided. Between block 15 and a bead 16 provided on joint element 14 a compression spring 17 is provided. This compression spring presses joint element 14 upward in such fashion that, as a result, a resting position of upper part 3 with respect to lower part 6 is determined. In this unloaded resting state shown schematically in FIG. 2, the upper part 3 is freely pivotable with respect to lower part 6. As an example, rotated positions of the rotational axes (pivot joints) 10 and 8 are represented by broken lines and labeled (in FIG. 3) 10' and 8', respectively.
FIG. 4 shows the situation in which, under a weight load, rear joint element 14 has been moved downward against the action of compression spring 17. In this position, end area 18 cooperates with a stop surface 20 on lower part 6. As a result the rotational degree of freedom shown in FIG. 3 by the broken lines is blocked.
It should be noted that end area 18 has a cross pin 19 that prevents joint element 14 leaving block 15 under the influence of spring 17.
FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 show a variation. Prosthetic knee joint 101 comprises an upper part 103, a lower part 106, two front joint elements 107, and two rear joint elements 114 coupled to one another. The individual joints are labeled 108, 109, 110, and 111. In contrast to prosthetic knee joint 1, lower part 106 has a cross pin 20, displaceably mounted in an elongate hole 21 in rear joint element 114. This arrangement corresponds functionally with the guidability of the rear joint element 14 in block 15 in FIGS. 1-4.
End area 118 bears a pin 23 on which the eye-shaped end of a leaf spring is mounted. The leaf spring is connected with a fastening part 25 with lower part 106. It acts not only as a return spring to move prosthetic knee joint 101 into the resting position shown in FIG. 7, but also as a guide arm by which pin 23 and hence end area 118 is forced into a predetermined path; in this way, the rotational degree of freedom shown in FIG. 7 by the dashed lines is locked in the position shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The position shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is achieved under weight load, especially when a user is standing on the leg prosthesis provided with the prosthetic knee joint.
FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 show a prosthetic knee joint 201. This comprises an upper part 203 and a lower part 206 connected together by a front joint element 207 and a rear joint element 214. The respective rotational axes (pivot joints) that correspond to the axes (joints) 8, 9, 10, 11 in FIGS. 1-4 and axes (joints) 108, 109, 110, 111 in FIGS. 5-7, are marked 208, 209, 210, and 211.
In prosthetic knee joint 201, rear joint element 214 is connected with articulation with a guide arm 26 by means of a fifth rotational axis 212, said arm being connected by means of a fourth rotational axis 211 with rear area 27 of lower part 206. Free end area 218 of rear joint element 214 bears a cross pin 28, guided in elongate holes 29 in lower part 206.
As in the embodiments described above, this joint element arrangement with additional guidance ensures that in the free state shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, achieved by a compression spring 217, a free rotation around rotational axes 208, 209, 210, and 212 is ensured. A rotated state of upper part 203 is shown by broken lines. With a weight load, upper part 203 moves downward thus compressing compression spring 217. As a result, cross pin 28 is moved into the right part of elongate hole 29. In this connection it should be pointed out that left part 30 has a curvature whose center of curvature forms rotational axis 212. This left part 30 abuts right part 31 in a yielding manner.
All three embodiments of the prosthetic knee joint according to the invention have in common an extension stop 32 mounted on upper part 3, 103, or 203 and cooperating with the upper part of front joint element 7, 107, 207.
FIGS. 11 and 12 show a prosthetic knee joint 301 in two positions corresponding to FIGS. 6 and 7. In this embodiment leaf spring 24 according to FIGS. 5, 6, and 7 is replaced by an arm 132 located between the second rotational axis and pin 23, as well as a compression spring 33 located between arm 132 and lower part 106.
FIG. 13 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 8 of a prosthetic knee joint 401. In contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 the return of the prosthetic knee joint 401 is produced by torsion springs 34, 35 which, like compression spring 217, in prosthetic knee joint 201 have the function of moving arm 26 from a compressed state (see FIG. 10) into the more upwardly directed position (see FIGS. 8 and 9). Torsion springs 34 and 35 act between lower part 206 and arm 26.
FIGS. 14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 19; 20, 21, 22; and 23, 24, 25 show four different prosthetic knee joints 501, 601, 701, and 801 in three different positions, namely in the starting position, in the position after "movement 1" or the "swing flexion", and in the position after "movement 2" or "stance flexion."
The individual positions require no further explanation in view of the above detailed descriptions of the embodiments in question. Therefore, the following remarks will be limited to a discussion of important differences.
Prosthetic knee joint 501, according to FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, is made so that rear joint element 514 is coupled by means of arm 36, with which it is articulated, with rotational axis 509. Spring 533 acts on arm 36. The free lower end of rear joint element 514 cooperates with guide surface 537.
In prosthetic knee 601 according to FIGS. 17, 18, and 19 a leaf spring 38 is used that is connected permanently with lower part 606 and articulated with rear joint element 614 at a fixed position. The lower end of rear joint element 614 cooperates with a guide surface 637.
The prosthetic knee joint according to FIGS. 20, 21, and 22 has the special feature that the forward joint element 707 is not coupled directly with lower part 706. Instead, a tilt arm 38 is used here which is connected by its central part with lower part 706, by its front area with front joint element 707, and by its rear area with rear joint element 714. Tilt arm 38 is brought by a compression spring 39 into the resting position or starting position shown in FIG. 20.
Prosthetic knee joint 801 according to FIGS. 23, 24, and 25 has the special feature that rear joint element 814 is connected by rotational axes 810 and 811 with upper part 3 or with lower part 806. Front joint element 807 is connected by rotational axis 808 with upper part 3. Joint element 807 is guided in slide joint 40, connected with lower part 806. The lower end of joint element 807 cooperates with guide surface 41. A guide element permanently connected with front joint element 807 cooperates with guide surfaces that are all labeled 43.
Prosthetic knee joint 901 according to FIGS. 26, 27, and 28 comprises a lower part 906 and an upper part 903. In contrast to all of the embodiments shown and described above, knee joint 901 comprises two joint elements 44, 45 which, as the figures clearly show, cross in the area between parts 903 and 906. Joint element 44 is connected by means of a front joint 909 with lower part 906 and by a rear joint 910 with upper part 903. Joint element 45 is connected by means of a front joint 908 with upper part 903. An arm 936 utilizes the rotational axis of joint 909 and is connected by joint 46 with the lower area of joint element 45. End area 47 of joint element 45 cooperates with guide surfaces 48 in lower area 906. A return spring 933 is shown schematically.
It should be noted that for reasons of schematic representation, the indication of spring means has been eliminated at several points. However, it should be clear that they can be mounted in any suitable position between parts of the pivot connection according to the invention connected with one another. Similarly, this likewise applies to the damping devices.
Finally, it should be pointed out that functionally corresponding parts in the individual embodiments are characterized uniformly, with the number of the respective embodiment being placed before the respective numeral.
While the invention has been described in terms of its preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 28, 1949
|Jun 3, 1952
|Isaac Touson
|Artificial limb
|Jun 13, 1975
|Feb 1, 1977
|Hosmer/Dorrance Corporation
|Prosthetic knee joint
|May 18, 1983
|Jun 11, 1985
|Ford Motor Company
|Tilt cab support stay
|Jan 28, 1991
|Jan 26, 1993
|Otto Bock Orthopaedische Industrie Besitz- und Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesel lschaft
|Swivel connection between two parts of an orthopedic technical aid
|Mar 28, 1991
|May 24, 1994
|Gramnaes Finn
|Artificial toggle joint
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Apr 7, 1937
|May 28, 1943
|Georg Greissinger
|Kniegelenk fuer Kunstbeine
|Sep 27, 1978
|Apr 17, 1980
|Bock Orthopaed Ind
|Kuenstliches kniegelenk
|Jul 30, 1993
|Feb 2, 1995
|Kai Henning Spandau
|Selbstt�tig sperrendes Gelenk, insbesondere Orthesengelenk
|Jan 11, 1991
|Jul 31, 1991
|Otto Bock Orthop�dische Industrie Besitz- und Verwaltungs-Kommanditgesellschaft
|Swivelling connection between two parts of an orthopaedic device
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 18, 1999
|Jul 11, 2000
|Nabco Limited
|Prosthetic leg with extension auxiliary mechanism
|Mar 15, 2000
|Oct 29, 2002
|Becker Orthopedic Appliance Company
|Knee joint and method
|Nov 24, 2000
|Jun 15, 2004
|Heggemann Gmbh
|Multiaxis joint, especially artificial knee joint
|Nov 23, 2000
|Oct 26, 2004
|Gramtec Innovation Ab
|Device at a knee joint prosthesis
|Mar 30, 2002
|Feb 21, 2006
|Otto Bock Austria Ges. M.B.H
|Device for pivotably connecting parts of an orthopaedic device
|May 6, 2005
|Apr 3, 2007
|�ssur Engineering, Inc.
|Systems and methods of loading fluid in a prosthetic knee
|Aug 22, 2003
|Oct 9, 2007
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Speed-adaptive and patient-adaptive prosthetic knee
|May 6, 2005
|Nov 25, 2008
|�ssur hf
|Dynamic seals for a prosthetic knee
|May 6, 2005
|Apr 6, 2010
|�ssur hf
|Systems and methods of controlling pressure within a prosthetic knee
|Oct 8, 2007
|Sep 21, 2010
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Control system for prosthetic knee
|Mar 23, 2009
|Nov 15, 2011
|�ssur hf.
|Transfemoral prosthetic systems and methods for operating the same
|Mar 30, 2012
|Dec 4, 2012
|Victhom Human Bionics Inc.
|Instrumented prosthetic foot
|Jan 22, 2010
|Dec 31, 2013
|Ossur Hf
|Control system and method for a prosthetic knee
|Jun 16, 2011
|Feb 25, 2014
|�ssur hf
|Systems and methods for actuating a prosthetic ankle
|Apr 19, 2012
|Apr 22, 2014
|�ssur hf
|System and method for determining terrain transitions
|Feb 15, 2006
|Aug 12, 2014
|�ssur hf
|System and method for data communication with a mechatronic device
|Apr 18, 2006
|Aug 26, 2014
|�ssur hf
|Combined active and passive leg prosthesis system and a method for performing a movement with such a system
|Aug 30, 2006
|Oct 7, 2014
|Ossur Hf
|System and method for determining terrain transitions
|Sep 29, 2011
|Dec 23, 2014
|�ssur hf
|Prosthetic and orthotic devices and methods and systems for controlling the same
|Jan 19, 2012
|Mar 24, 2015
|Victhom Human Bionics, Inc.
|Instrumented prosthetic foot
|May 3, 2011
|Jun 23, 2015
|Victhom Human Bionics Inc.
|Impedance simulating motion controller for orthotic and prosthetic applications
|Mar 18, 2013
|Jun 30, 2015
|�ssur hf
|Combined active and passive leg prosthesis system and a method for performing a movement with such a system
|Aug 12, 2010
|Jul 14, 2015
|�ssur hf
|Systems and methods for processing limb motion
|Feb 28, 2011
|Mar 1, 2016
|�ssur hf.
|Systems and methods for actuating a prosthetic ankle
|Nov 15, 2013
|May 24, 2016
|�ssur hf
|Control system and method for a prosthetic knee
|Jun 14, 2010
|Jun 7, 2016
|Victhom Laboratory Inc.
|Actuated prosthesis for amputees
|Aug 26, 2010
|Dec 27, 2016
|Victhom Laboratory Inc.
|Instrumented prosthetic foot
|Feb 24, 2014
|Feb 7, 2017
|�ssur hf
|Prosthetic foot with enhanced stability and elastic energy return
|Jul 17, 2013
|May 16, 2017
|Victhom Laboratory Inc.
|Control device and system for controlling an actuated prosthesis
|Jun 18, 2015
|Aug 1, 2017
|�ssur hf
|Combined active and passive leg prosthesis system and a method for performing a movement with such a system
|Oct 8, 2002
|Jan 22, 2004
|Martin Schmidt
|Manufacturing data access
|Aug 22, 2003
|Feb 26, 2004
|Herr Hugh M.
|Speed-adaptive and patient-adaptive prosthetic knee
|Mar 30, 2002
|Jun 3, 2004
|Veen Paul Geral Van De
|Device for pivotably connecting parts of an orthopaedic device
|Jun 30, 2003
|Dec 30, 2004
|Max Lerman
|Knee unloading orthotic device and method
|Mar 9, 2005
|Dec 22, 2005
|Bisbee Charles R Iii
|Control system and method for a prosthetic knee
|May 6, 2005
|Apr 6, 2006
|Bisbee Charles R Iii
|Systems and methods of loading fluid in a prosthetic knee
|Feb 15, 2006
|Aug 17, 2006
|Magnus Oddsson
|System and method for data communication with a mechatronic device
|Feb 15, 2006
|Aug 17, 2006
|Magnus Oddsson
|System and method of synchronizing mechatronic devices
|Aug 30, 2006
|Mar 1, 2007
|Ragnarsdottlr Heidrun G
|System and method for determining terrain transitions
|Apr 18, 2006
|Dec 3, 2009
|Lisa Gramnaes
|Combined Active and Passive Leg Prosthesis System and a Method for Performing a Movement With Such a System
|Jan 22, 2010
|Jul 22, 2010
|Ossur Engineering, Inc.
|Control system and method for a prosthetic knee
|Jun 14, 2010
|Oct 14, 2010
|Victhom Human Bionics, Inc.
|Actuated prosthesis for amputess
|Aug 12, 2010
|Dec 23, 2010
|Ossur Hf
|Systems and methods for processing limb motion
|Sep 27, 2010
|May 5, 2011
|Ossur Hf
|System and method for motion-controlled foot unit
|Jan 10, 2011
|Jun 9, 2011
|Victhom Human Bionics, Inc.
|Control device and system for controlling an actuated prosthesis
|Feb 28, 2011
|Sep 15, 2011
|Ossur Hf
|Systems and methods for actuating a prosthetic ankle
|Feb 1, 2013
|Jun 16, 2015
|Limbs International Inc.
|Prosthetic knee
|Aug 19, 2013
|Jun 16, 2015
|Limbs International Inc.
|Prosthetic knee
|Jun 19, 2015
|Apr 25, 2017
|Limbs International Inc.
|Prosthetic knee
|Apr 29, 2003
|Dec 25, 2007
|�ssur hf
|Computer controlled hydraulic resistance device for a prosthesis and other apparatus
|Jul 20, 2006
|Nov 8, 2011
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Electronically controlled prosthetic knee
|Nov 23, 2000
|May 31, 2001
|Gramtec Innovation Ab
|A device at a knee joint prosthesis
|Mar 30, 2002
|Oct 17, 2002
|Otto Bock Austria Ges.M.B.H.
|Device for pivotably connecting parts of an orthopaedic device
|Mar 30, 2002
|Sep 25, 2003
|Otto Bock Austria Ges M B H
|Device for pivotably connecting parts of an orthopaedic device
|U.S. Classification
|623/44, 403/116, 623/46
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 3, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 19, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Mar 30, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|May 29, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070330

subset: commoncrawl


text:
On the continuum of popular instrumental music, The American Dollar have created an outpost somewhere between Moby's catchy pop/soul-influenced songcraft and the expansive, emotional yet equally melodic rock of Explosions in the Sky. Richard Cupolo and John Emanuele play each and every instrument on this, their third album in just three short years or recording; the pair exhibit tremendous versatility and dexterity in using a variety of styles as the skeleton to which they attach flesh and blood—glorious melodies, vibrant musical colors and wonderfully moody arrangements. While the group's music is certainly atmospheric, it is usually so in a way that suggests the abundant, fertile ground traditional rock acts tread, not the ambient frame often associated with instrumental music.
The album does, however, begin with two plus minutes of beautiful, ambient keyboard figures that repeat and form a pattern before "The Slow Wait (1)" is greeted with the first appearance of electronic beats and acoustic guitars; heading seamlessly into its counterpart, "The Slow Wait (2)", the opening couplet is typical of the entire record: melodic, polished, dynamic, intriguing. Other inviting tracks include "Intermission," with its opening interplay between pop piano and rock guitar, its sense of dynamics and swirling crescendo and its driving rhythms. Tracks like "Lights Dim" and "Our Hearts are Read" also highlight the wide spectrum which the duo embrace: the former is more ambient in nature, marrying piano ostinatos with subdued electric guitar, gently insistent beats and soft strings; the latter begins just as gently before turning into a vehicle for guitar solos that are arena-worthy.
The American Dollar
A Memory Stream
US: 19 Aug 2008
UK: Unavailable
- Multiple songs MySpace
Christian Lopez "1972" (audio) (premiere) // Music
Common Deer "Glass" (video) (premiere) // Music
Iglooghost "Bug Thief" (Singles Going Steady) // Music
Don't You Think They Know? An Interview with White Reaper
// Sound Affects
""I wouldn't say I'm too caught up on maturing: I mean I play in a rock band for god's sake."READ the article


text: Sugula is one of the characters in TycrazMania, Nothing much is known about her. Retrieved from "http://thetycrazmania.wikia.com/wiki/Sugula?oldid=128" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Characters Add category Cancel Save


text:
|12 Jul 2016
BSOD on laptop when idle
I have had 3 BSODs, the first about 5 days ago (not sure).
Then two yesterday.
The laptop was idle at the time.
Attached is the log from dm log collector.
I did a restore to 7-04-16 but did not help.
Comments appreciated.
|My System Specs
|14 Jul 2016
Hi gordon55y,
Welcome to the 7forums
Please uninstall everything of Intel graphics using Display Driver Uninstaller and install new drivers from Dell. Be sure to ONLY install the drivers using custom/advanced options.
2: kd> lmvm igdkmd64 Browse full module list start end module name fffff880`04a2d000 fffff880`055ead60 igdkmd64 T (no symbols) Loaded symbol image file: igdkmd64.sys Image path: \SystemRoot\system32\DRIVERS\igdkmd64.sys Image name: igdkmd64.sys Browse all global symbols functions data Timestamp: Tue Jan 10 23:28:09 2012 (4F0CBB79) CheckSum: 00BC541D ImageSize: 00BBDD60 Translations: 0000.04b0 0000.04e4 0409.04b0 0409.04e4
|My System Specs
|15 Jul 2016
Hi axe0,
Excuse me if this is cryptic as my laptop is in vga mode.
And some windows exceed the size of my display.
I uninstalled intel display drivers (in safe mode).
It had an error:
a problem occurred in one of the modules, send your
DDU logs to the developer.
However, it looks like it uninstalled successfully as I
now only have VGA size window.
Attached are the log files.
Can you determine if there is a real problem?
See attachment.
When I go to the dell web site to install new drivers,
there is an option to have it scan for drivers or download
manually. The manual download has 8 downloads.
Which should I use?
See attachment.
|My System Specs
|15 Jul 2016
Hi gordon55y,
Unfortunately the DDU Logs zip is invalid, I get that message everytime I try to open it after downloading.
You probably need the Intel HD Graphics drivers.
|My System Specs
|15 Jul 2016
Hi Axe0,
Ok, display is back to normal 1440x900 :-)
The DDU error log is attached (.xml format) DDUlogs.zip.
I cannot figure out how to properly display .xml
I have tried IE and FF browsers, no luck.
I do not see anything in the DDU download to view the .xml log files.
Is there some way to view the .xml properly?
I have manually copied the error messages in the attached mylog.txt
Are those real errors?
These are all the Dell display E6410 manual downloads.
I installed only the first one.
Should I install any more?
Intel HD Graphics Driver
nVIDIA Graphics Driver
Latitude,NV Driver,126.96.36.1993
Intel GMA High Definition Graphics Driver
nVIDIA Security Patch Utility
Intel GMA HD Graphics Driver
Intel QM57/QS57, GMA HD Graphics 2000/3000 Driver
nVidia Quadro FX 880M, Quadro FX 1800M, NVS 3100M, v.18.104.22.16822, A08
This is from Dxdiag:
Card name: Intel(R) HD Graphics
Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
Chip type: Intel(R) HD Graphics (Core i5)
DAC type: Internal
Device Key: Enum\PCI\VEN_8086&DEV_0046&SUBSYS_040A1028&REV_02
Display Memory: 1696 MB
Dedicated Memory: 64 MB
Shared Memory: 1632 MB
Current Mode: 1440 x 900 (32 bit) (59Hz)
Monitor Name: Generic PnP Monitor
Also, there is some weird problem with this forum.
If I reply, and try to paste in my reply, it will not accept the paste.
But if I put some dummy text, and preview and then paste it works ok.
Took a long time to figure that out.
|My System Specs
|16 Jul 2016
Of course they are 'real' errors, only about a few files that haven't been deleted.
As said you need the HD graphics, no others.
|My System Specs
|18 Jul 2016
My laptop has crashed twice since the reinstall of Intel HD Graphics Driver :-(
I appreciate any suggestions.
|My System Specs
|18 Jul 2016
New suggestions will be given as soon as new data is provided
FYI, no new suggestions are provided until new data is provided because I have no clue what crash you had. The information you give is not enough for a suggestion.
|My System Specs
|18 Jul 2016
Attached is a new log from dm log collector.
Please advise.
|My System Specs
|19 Jul 2016
Could you upload a kernel dump for once please, it is located in C:\Windows called MEMORY.dmp
You need to upload it to a 3rd party uploader like onedrive, dropbox, google drive or others and post a share link in your next reply.
|My System Specs
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text:
1. Overview
2. Human rights violations by the security forces
3. Violence against women
4. Violations of the rights of the Dalits.
a. Violence against Dalit women
b. Social ostracisation
5. Violations of the rights of the child.
1. Overview
Ruled by the Indian National Congress, Haryana remained a lawless State especially with regard to the Dalits. Their rights continued to be violated by upper caste people in alleged connivance with the police.
The Haryana Police continued to be responsible for serious human rights violations such as extrajudicial killings, illegal detention, torture and rape.
The Haryana State Cabinet on 20 December 2006 approved the draft Haryana Police Ordinance, 2006. The ordinance will replace the Police Act of 1861 and the Punjab Police Rules, 1934. The new law gives powers to the District Magistrate to coordinate and direct the functioning of the police with other agencies of the district administration. This will strengthen the control of the civil authority over the police. A single-member State-level police complaint authority, who will be either a retired Judge or a retired civil servant not below the rank of Secretary to the State Government or a lawyer well versed in criminal law and with a standing of at least 20 years, will inquire into complaints regarding custodial deaths, custodial torture, rape or an attempt to rape in police custody.[1]
Despite lawlessness in the State, there is no State Human Rights Commission. On 18 January 2006, the Haryana Government informed the Punjab and Haryana High Court that it had no intention to constitute a State Human Rights Commission.[2]
The Dalits faced systematic violations of their rights. The Haryana Government announced a compensation policy for Dalit victims of atrocities by the upper castes. But, there were consiste nt reports of violations of the rights of the Dalits.[3]
Women and girl children were sexually abused. Trafficking remained a flourishing business for the traffickers due to skewed sex ratio (861 per 1,000 males as per the 2001 census) in the State.
The administration of justice continued to be plagued by shortage of judges. By the end of December 2006, there were 15 vacancies in the Punjab and Haryana High Court while the number of vacancies in the District and Subordinates Courts was 84 as on 30 September 2006. The Punjab and Haryana High Court had a total of 2,41,579 pending cases, while a total of 51,9,338 cases were pending with the District and Subordinate Courts as on 30 September 2006.[4]
2. Human rights violations by the security forces
The Haryana Police continued to be responsible for serious human rights violations such as illegal detention, torture, rape and custodial deaths. On 15 July 2006, Karan Singh of Mohana village was found dead at the Veterinary Hostel premises under Mohana police station in Sonepat district after his arrest by police on the evening of 14 July 2006. The post-mortem report reportedly confirmed death due to suffocation.[5]
Police also resorted to indiscriminate use of fire-arms. On 21 June 2006, one person was killed and 23 others were injured when police resorted to firing to control a crowd at Badsikri village of Kalayat sub-tehsil in Kaithal district.[6]
High-handedness of Haryana Police was well-known. In November 2006, the National Human Rights Commission asked the Director General of Police, Haryana to submit within four weeks a report on the alleged beating of Jirender Singh Sandhu, a resident of Gurgaon, by the police on 16 November 2006. According to media report, the victim was taking a stroll with his daughter when two policemen stopped them and asked what they were doing. When the victim asked the policemen to behave properly he was taken to the police station and beaten for about 20 minutes. Three policemen were suspended in the case.[7]
3. Violence against women
Women continued to be victims of violence including from the law enforcement personnel. On the night of 15 June 2006, a rag picker was raped by two police constables identified as Sandeep and Mahavir at Sector-9 in Faridabad. Both the constables were arrested.[8]
Haryana was turned into bride bazaar of India where women trafficked from other States such as Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra, etc were sold. Haryana had very low sex ratio which was 861 per 1,000 males as per the 2001 census and thereby increasing the demand for women. The price of the women in the market usually ranged from Rs 4,000 to Rs 30,000 but depended on factors like virginity, skin colour, age and the number of times the woman had been sold before.
An NGO, Shakti Vahini that fights trafficking, reportedly rescued more than 150 minor girls in the last four years. There were over 5,000 such girls in Mewat, while Ghasera has over 100 such girls. One 13-year-old Memoona from Assam was sold by an agent for a mere Rs 4,000 to a 40-plus farmer in Mewat district. Such bride could be resold or shared with unmarried brothers if she gave birth to a male heir. In March 2006, an 18-year-old Tripala from Jharkhand was reportedly murdered by her husband in Jind district after she refused to sleep with his younger brother.[9]
4. Violations of the rights of the Dalits
The Dalits faced systematic violations of their rights. The National Crime Records Bureau recorded 288 cases of atrocities against the Dalits in 2005. These included 10 murder cases, 35 rape cases, 15 kidnapping cases, 5 arson cases, 52 hurt cases, and 73 cases under SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act etc.
The Haryana Government announced a policy to provide compensation to Dalit victims of atrocities by the upper castes. As per the policy, the State Government would pay a compensation of about Rs 2 lakh in case of death and in some related cases the amount could be around Rs 1 lakh provided the victim had no source of income. However, the benefit would be applicable only if a case was registered under various sections of the Indian Penal Code and the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act on the complaint of the victim and the financial aid would be released after the police filed the challan in court in connection with the case. The Faridabad district administration reportedly sanctioned about Rs 2.5 lakh as compensation during the financial year of 2005-06.[10]
a. Violence against Dalit women
The Dalit women were specifically targeted. On the night of 3 January 2006, a 15-year-old handicapped Dalit girl, resident of Jhatauli village of Pataudi, was allegedly gang raped by three men in a cab and then by a truck driver at Manesar in Gurgaon district.[11]
On the night of 4 February 2006, a 13-year-old Dalit girl of Kailana village under the Ganaur police station was found murdered after rape when she had gone to the fields. A postmortem examination of the deceased conducted in the Civil Hosptal reportedly confirmed rape.[12]
On 14 February 2006, 10 Dalits including women were injured when a mob of about 50 upper caste men, mostly Rodhs, armed with sharp-edged weapons, including axes and swords allegedly attacked the Dalits of Ravidas Colony at Mehmadpur village in Karnal district.[13]
b. Social ostracisation
Failure to take action by the police and administration also forced Dalits to flee their villages. On 22 February 2006, more than 200 members of 31 Dalit families of Farmana village in Sonepat district fled their village to save their lives following alleged attack by upper caste people led by sarpanch (village head) of the village identified as Sunil due to a dispute over construction of a boundary wall around a temple. The Dalits had to spend the night camping at various temples, dharamshalas and schools in and around Khokhrakot locality of Rohtak.[14] The police registered a case against five persons including the Sarpanch Sunil on the charge of harassing Dalits and demolishing their houses on 14 and 15 February 2006.[15]
In July 2006, a Dalit family of Dhingsara village in Fatehabad district was forced to take shelter at a nearby village following threats by some upper-caste families. Complaints to the police and district administration had fallen on deaf ears.[16]
On 1 September 2006, over two dozen Dalit families were forced to flee their village after about 100 upper caste youth attacked them with sharp-edged weapons and ransacked their houses at Kila Jafargarh in Jind district. Several Dalits were injured, 11 of them seriously.[17]
On 6 December 2006, the police registered cases against 10 persons in a three-month-old case pertaining to the families of two Dalit brothers, Ramesh Kumar and Kalu Das of Lisan village under Khol police station of Rewari district. The brothers had to leave the village in the first week of September 2006 after being tortured and threatened by men of the upper caste in alleged connivance with the police. Assistant Sub-Inspector Ram Swarup of the Dahina police post, where Kalu Das had been forcibly taken by his alleged torturers on the night of 2 September 2006, was reportedly transferred.[18]
5. Violations of the rights of the child
There were widespread reports of violations of the rights of the children. On 18 November 2006, three minor girls identified as Sita, (12) Santoshi (7) and Sujata (6) were rescued by an NGO, Shakti Vahini, from their employer in Faridabad's Indraprastha Colony. The children were beaten up with belts, cricket bats and canes during their two-year confinement. However, they spent the next five days at the Faridabad Sector 31 police station as there was nowhere else for them to go. There was no children home in Haryana except one Nari Niketan in Karnal district.[19]
Girl students were target of sexual abuses including rape and molestation by their teachers. The Haryana Government had decided to constitute special surveillance committees to monitor instances of sexual harassment in schools and other educational institutions following such reports.[20] In early February 2006, the Haryana Government suspended seven school staff including two accused teachers and the Principal of Government Senior Secondary School in Durjanpur in Jind district. 17 schoolgirls of Class VIII and IX were allegedly raped for eight months by the accused teachers. The incident came to light when one of the girls studying in Class IX got pregnant and told her parents about the rape. Two other girls who also got pregnant were forcibly got abortions done by the teachers. The teachers had reportedly approached the family and offered them Rs 1.5 lakh to get the child aborted in another case.[21]
[1]. Haryana to have new Police Act, The Tribune, 21 December 2006
[2]. http://www.indlawnews.com/F5C59F357972045AACE3F8C198D2B15D
[3]. Compensation policy for Dalit victims of atrocities, The Tribune, 5 January 2006
[4]. Court News, October-December 2006, Supreme Court of India
[5]. Protest against villager's death, The Tribune, 18 July 2006
[6]. 36 injured in police firing, lathi charge - Dispute over land attached to religious dera, The Tribune, 22 June 2006
[7]. NHRC asks for report in police assault case, The Tribune, 24 November 2006
[8]. Two constables held for raping rag picker, The Tribune, 17 June 2006
[9]. Bride Bazaar, The Times of India, 26 March 2006
[10]. Compensation policy for Dalit victims of atrocities, The Tribune, 5 January 2006
[11]. Another moving rape story, this time from Manesar, The Pioneer, 6 January 2006
[12]. Minor Dalit raped, killed, The Tribune, 6 February 2006
[13]. 10 injured in attack on Dalit colony, The Tribune, 15 February 2006
[14]. Scared Dalits flee Sonepat village, The Times of India, 24 February 2006
[15]. 5 booked for harassing Dalits, The Tribune, 6 March 2006
[16]. Dalit family 'forced' to leave village, The Tribune, 25 July 2006
[17]. Two dozen Dalit families leave village, The Tribune, 4 September 2006
[18]. Dalits' torture: ASI shifted, 10 booked, The Tribune, 7 December 2006
[19]. Maid in hell, The Times of India, 26 November 2006
[20]. Committees to check harassment in schools, The Asian Age, 18 September 2006
[21]. 17 girl students raped; 7 school staff suspended, The Tribune, 9 February 2006


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