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To evaluate the efficacy of taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy guided by extreme drug resistance assay (EDRA) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.
Thirty-nine patients were enrolled, who were diagnosed as epithelial ovarian cancer, tubal cancer or primary peritoneal carcinoma and received both debulking surgery and EDRA in Asan Medical Center between August 2004 and August 2006. Another thirty-nine patients were enrolled, who did not receive EDRA as control. Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 5 were administered as primary combination chemotherapy to both EDRA group and the control group. In the EDRA group, paclitaxel was replaced by docetaxel 75 mg/m2 if a patient showed extreme drug resistance (EDR) to paclitaxel and not to docetaxel. Carboplatin was replaced by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 if a patient showed EDR to carboplatin and not to cisplatin. If only one drug showed low drug resistance (LDR), it was allowed to add another drug which showed LDR such as gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2. CT scan was performed every three cycles and CA-125 was checked at each cycle.
There was no significant difference in overall response rate between EDRA group and the control group (84.5% vs. 71.8%, p=0.107). However, 93.8% of patients in EDRA group did not show EDR to at least one drug and its response rate was significantly higher than that of the control group (93.3% vs. 71.8%, p=0.023).
we could choose a combination of taxane and platinum which did not show EDR and could obtain a good response in the patients with ovarian cancer.
Epithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of death among gynecologic malignancies. The principle of treatment is cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, in which taxane and platinum-based combination chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. However, 27-40% of the advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients do not respond to such a primary chemotherapy and the 5-year survival rate is still less than 50%, which is responsible for chemoresistance.1
Therefore, several types of in vitro drug response assays, which measure the potential activities of various chemotherapeutic agents to individual patient before administration, have been developed to overcome the limitation of chemotherapy and to improve response and survival. Such in vitro assays, if reliable, can make it possible to build individualized plan for treatment according to biologic characteristics of the tumor, save time and cost, and avoid unnecessary adverse effects. Those assays are usually called 'chemotherapy sensitivity tests', but the formal term is 'chemotherapy sensitivity and resistance assay (CSRA)'.2
Since Black and Speer, the pioneers of CSRA, developed the tetrazolium dye reduction assay in 1950's,3,4 a variety of in vitro techniques have been developed, including the recent extreme drug resistance assay (EDRA). Extreme drug resistance (EDR) is defined as the tumor cell growth which is larger than a standard deviation over the median after administration of a chemotherapeutic agent. EDRA is the only chemotherapy 'resistance' test among the CSRAs with an accuracy of 99.2% that predicts chemoresistance.5,6 EDRA was commercialized as the Extreme Drug Resistance Assay (EDR)® by Exiqon Diagnostics, Inc. (Tustin, CA, USA), and it is the only test approved by the College of American Pathologists, one of the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).
In this study, we utilized EDRA in choosing chemotherapeutic agents in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. The objective is to assess feasibility of individualized chemotherapy guided by EDRA.
Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, tubal cancer, or primary peritoneal carcinoma who received cytoreductive surgery at Asan Medical Center between August 2004 and August 2006 were eligible. Eligibility criteria included age ≥ 18 years; a diagnosis of stage ≥ Ic; Gynecologic Oncology Group performance status of 0, 1, or 2. We prospectively enrolled those patients who voluntarily received EDRA at their own expense and thirty-nine patients were enrolled as the EDRA group. These patients were matched with those who received surgery but did not receive EDRA with regard to age, histology, stage, and residual tumor size during the same period, and another thirty-nine patients were enrolled as the control group retrospectively.
We examined the tumor grossly and harvested tissues three times larger than required for EDRA from the central portion of the tumor, which was divided into three pieces. One was sent to pathologist for frozen biopsy. The other was sent for EDRA and the third was fixed with 10% buffered formaldehyde for paraffin block and hematoxylin and eosin staining. If the result of frozen biopsy was 'carcinoma', we regarded the other two pieces of the tissue as the same 'carcinoma'. More than 2.0 grams of tumor tissue was harvested for EDRA by an aseptic technique, rinsed out with normal saline to remove blood, put in a transport media and packed immediately, which was send to Exiqon Diagnostics, Inc., the name of which was Oncotech Co. previously, to be tested.
Fresh viable tumor tissue was minced and enzymed to disaggregate the tumor cells. The tumor cells were plated in soft agar which preferentially favors tumor cell proliferation. Cells were exposed to chemotherapeutic agents, such as carboplatin, cisplatin, docetaxel, paclitaxel, etoposide, gemcitabine and ifosphamide, for five days in a carefully controlled environment. Drug exposures in excess of the maximum tolerated doses were used. Due to the reduced rate of drug metabolism, in vitro tumor exposure is 5 to 80 times greater than in vivo.6,7 Tritiated thymidine was introduced during the last two days of culture as a measure of cell proliferation. Treated cells were compared to untreated controls.
Assay results were divided into three categories; EDR was defined as tumor cell growth greater than 1 standard deviation above the median. Intermediate drug resistance (IDR) was defined as tumor cell growth greater than the median growth but less than 1 standard deviation above the median. Low drug resistance (LDR) was defined as tumor cell growth of less than the median growth.6
Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC 5 were administered as primary combination chemotherapy to both the EDRA group and the control group. In the EDRA group, paclitaxel was replaced by docetaxel 75 mg/m2 if a patient showed EDR to paclitaxel and not to docetaxel. Carboplatin was replaced by cisplatin 75 mg/m2 if a patient showed EDR to carboplatin and not to cisplatin. If only one drug showed LDR, it was allowed to add another drug which showed LDR, such as gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2.
We assessed those patients who received three cycles or more of taxane-platinum combination chemotherapy. Abdomen and pelvis CT scan was performed every three cycles and CA-125 was checked at each cycle. Clinical response was assessed by REICEST criteria in measurable disease8 and by CA-125 criteria in unmeasurable disease.9
χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were utilized to compare the response rate. We assessed that it was statistically significant when p-values were less than 0.05. Statistical Package was SPSS for Windows ver. 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
The median age of patients was 49 years (range, 27 to 78 years) in the EDRA group, and 52 years (range, 33 to 80 years) in the control group. Their diagnosis, histologic type, FIGO stage, and size of residual tumor are described in Table 1. There was no difference in the patient demographic characteristics between the two groups.
In the EDRA group, twenty-two patients received paclitaxel-carboplatin, nine patients received docetaxel-cisplatin, including two cases of docetaxel-cisplatin-gemcitabine triplet, four patients received docetaxel-carboplatin, including one case of docetaxel-carboplatin-gemcitabine triplet, two patients received paclitaxel-cisplatin, one patient received docetaxel-gemcitabine, and one patient received cyclophosphamideadriamycin-carboplatin. In the control group, all patients received conventional paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy.
In the EDRA group, ten out of thirty-nine patients (25.6%) showed LDR to both two chemotherapeutic agents (two of three agents in triplets). One patient died during chemotherapy due to septic shock and the other nine patients, whose clinical response could be assessed, showed seven complete responses (CR) and two partial responses (PR). Eleven patients (28.2%) showed LDR to one agent and IDR to the other agent. Their clinical responses were six CRs, three PRs, one stable disease (SD) and one 75% response of CA-125. Four patients (10.3%) showed LDR to one agent and EDR to the other agent and they all showed CR. Four patients (10.3%) showed IDR to both two agents and their clinical responses were two CRs, one PR and one SD. Two patients (5.1%) showed IDR to one agent and EDR to the other agent. They all showed CR, but one patient recurred. Two patients showed EDR to both two agents. One patient showed SD and the other was progressed, therefore there was no response in the patients who showed EDR to both two agents. In the control group, the clinical responses were twenty-four CRs (61.5%), four PRs (10.3%), three SDs and eight progressive diseases (PD) (Table 2).
The response rate of the patients who showed LDR to both two agents was 100% (9/9). The response rate of the patients who showed LDR to at least one agent was 95.8% (23/24). The response rate of the patients who showed IDR to at least one agent was 93.3% (28/30). Overall response rate was 87.5% in the EDRA group and 71.8% in the control group, but there was no significant difference (p=0.107, χ2 test). However, 93.8% of patients in the EDRA group did not show EDR to at least one drug and its response rate (93.3%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.023, χ2 test).
After two decades since Black and Speer,3,4 the pioneers of CSRA, developed the tetrazolium dye reduction assay in the 1950's, Hamburger and Salmon10 developed the human cancer stem cell assay in the 1970's. Their success aroused investigators' interest in the chemosensitivity test in solid tumors and it lead them to develop a variety of in vitro CSRAs. The potential benefits of CSRA are, though they are not achieved yet, as follows; a screening tool for new chemotherapeutic agents, optimizing chemotherapy for individual patients, excluding ineffective agents that can reduce unnecessary complications, chemosensitivity profile according to histology and subtype, establishing profile of cross-resistance and sensitivity before treatment or after recurrence, finding genes and proteins related to chemoresistance and chemosensitivity and matching preclinical in vitro assay and clinical response.
However, CSRA has a few limitations which should be resolved before it is applied clinically. First, is the tissue sample of the tumor able to represent the whole tumor? Second, the result of CSRA does not correlate to survival. Third, the cost of CSRA is so expensive that the cost-effectiveness should be proved.
Cortazar and Johnson11 analyzed twelve reports which compare chemotherapy based on CSRA with those based on physician's experience. They concluded that the response rate of the chemotherapy based on CSRA is at least similar to that of the chemotherapy based on the physician's experience. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Working Group on CSRAs did not recommended the use of CSRAs to select chemotherapeutic agents for individual patients outside the clinical trial setting.12 Therefore, we designed EDRA-guided chemotherapy in this study based on the taxane and platinum agents, which has been proved to be the most effective.
Cloven et al.13 reported that the rates of EDR in taxanes and platinums are as follows; 22% in paclitaxel, 16% in carboplatin and 10% in cisplatin. Eltabbakh et al.14 reported that one out of seventy-five patients with epithelial ovarian cancer showed EDR to both paclitaxel and cisplatin, and that the patient did not respond to primary chemotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin. In this study, we also experienced such results in two patients. Holloway et al.7 reported a significantly lower 5-year survival rate in patients with EDR to platinum than the patients with LDR to platinum (19% vs. 68%).Therefore, it is reasonable to avoid such a combination as both agents show EDR. No significant difference in response is expected when we choose docetaxel instead of paclitaxel15 and also when we choose cisplatin instead of carboplatin.16 Therefore, it would be advisable to replace paclitaxel with docetaxel if the patient showed EDR to paclitaxel and not to docetaxel. We can also replace carboplatin with cisplatin if the patient showed EDR to carboplatin and not to cisplatin.
Though the high cost of EDRA is an obstacle to applying EDRA to every patient, it can be overcome if EDRA is proved to be cost-effective. Orr et al.17 reported the cost-effectiveness of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy directed by EDRA in the treatment of women with advanced ovarian cancer. They chose either paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide in combination with platinum according to EDRA after cytoreductive surgery. Although there was no difference in survival whether chemotherapy was directed by EDRA or not, $6,000 of cost was saved when directed by EDRA.
In this study, we applied the strategy to patients receiving primary chemotherapy. If we apply this strategy to recurrent cases, there may be two theoretical reasons that in vitro resistance can be changed. One reason is that chemosensitive clones have been exterminated after primary chemotherapy but chemoresistant clones grows because of the tumor heterogeneity. The other reason is that tumor genes associated with resistance can be activated after primary chemotherapy. If the above are true, secondary cytoreductive surgery or at least open biopsies are necessary to obtain tissue for EDRA. Tewari et al.18 compared the results of EDRA at primary cytoreductive surgery with the results at second cytoreductive surgery after recurrence. There was approximately 10% difference of the EDR profile in synchronous tumors (primary and metastatic tissues obtained from the same patient at diagnosis) among 119 patients, and there was no significant difference of the EDR profile in metachronous lesions (specimens from the same patient before and after chemotherapy) in 334 patients. The above authors therefore concluded that it is possible that assay results at diagnosis could be used to guide subsequent therapy at relapse, especially when recurrent tissue is not available for analysis. Loizzi et al.19 reported a case-control study of EDRA-guided chemotherapy in recurrent cases. In the platinum-sensitive group, patients with EDRA-guided therapy had an overall response rate of 65%, compared with 35% in patients who were treated empirically (p=0.02). The overall and progression-free median survival rates were 38 and 15 months in the EDRA group compared with 21 and 7 months in the control group, respectively (p=0.005, overall; p=0.0002, progression free). In the platinum-resistant group, there was no improved outcome in the patients who underwent assay-guided therapy. In multivariate analysis, EDRA-guided therapy was an independent predictor for improved survival.
This study also showed that EDRA may be a possible tool to assess whether triplet chemotherapy is beneficial for a patient. The paclitaxel-carboplatin-gemcitabine triplet has failed to show benefits over the paclitaxel-carboplatin doublet.20-22 If a patient shows EDR to gemcitabine or if a patient does not show EDR to both paclitaxel and carboplatin, the patient who receives triplet therapy may not show any survival benefit but additional toxicity. Therefore, a patient may benefit from a triplet therapy when the patient does not show EDR to gemcitabine or show EDR to both paclitaxel and carboplatin. There were only two cases of triplet in this study and this hypothesis should be evaluated in a larger clinical trial.
In conclusion, this trial was the first case-control study of first-line chemotherapy guided by EDRA in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. It was possible to choose a combination of taxane and platinum which did not show EDR in most cases and to obtain a good response.
We thank Helen Ju for the kind revision of the English style of manuscript. We also thank Ju-Hee Nho, RN, MSN, OCN for data management.
This study was awarded a best oral presentation prize at 22nd annual meeting of Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology and Colposcopy.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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15 December 2009
Machteld Hiemstra
In its decision of 17 September 2009 the Appeal Committee of the Dutch self regulatory body concerning pharmaceutical advertising, upheld the decision in first instance that a refund system set up by Pfizer for their products Detrusitol and Toviaz is allowed. This decision is a clear departure from earlier decisions in which the mere existence of a refund system would be qualified as unlawful advertising.
On the basis of the refund system, patients either do not need to pay the price difference between the fixed reimbursable price and the actual price of prescription drugs to the pharmacist or they will be reimbursed. The pharmacist must either fill in a form or provide such form to the patient to send to a third party who will make the payments. This case was initiated by a pharmacist.
This is an important decision as under the Dutch reimbursement system medical practitioners are under great pressure to prescribe medicinal products on the basis of active substance rather then brand name. Patients will only receive full reimbursement (directly or via their pharmacy) for medicinal products indicated by health care insurance policy unless a prescription contains a brand name. Pharmacies are not allowed to simply deliver a generic version if a branded medicinal product is prescribed. In such a case, a pharmacist, prescribing doctor and patient will mutually decide whether the branded product is necessary for treatment.
The Appeal Committee ruled that compensation schemes set up by pharmaceutical companies are as such not in conflict with the relevant legislation or self regulatory statute. So long as the rules on medical advertising are adhered to, pharmaceutical companies are free to determine and use mechanisms resulting in competition on prices for end users/patients.
The Committee considered that the refund system does not constitute unlawful advertising, mainly because patients were not confronted with any promotional elements within the context of obtaining payments. Further, the Appeal Committee considered that medical practitioners were not involved and would, when becoming aware of the option for patients to be refunded, not be influenced in making professional choices based on the best indicated medicine. As pharmacists do not receive any compensation for providing forms to patients or filling in forms to receive reimbursement, the services requested from pharmacists do not constitute unlawful advertising either.
The issue raised by the pharmacist, that the refund mechanism is in conflict with the legislation determining fixed prices for reimbursement of medicinal products, was not dealt with by the Appeal Committee. This is because the issue falls outside the competence of the Committee which is strictly limited to pharmaceutical advertising.
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There are dozens of weight loss supplements on the market, but are they effective and are they always safe to use? Most diet products can help you lose some weight, but not all supplements are equally effective. Prescription medicines, over-the-counter products and herbal supplements work in different ways, and some can cause severe side effects. Natural products usually come with fewer side effects than prescription supplements do, but they are not always as effective.
There are some safety considerations to keep in mind when taking any weight loss supplements. You should not take them during pregnancy or when you are breastfeeding. If you are taking any prescription medication, it is best to check with your health care provider before starting to take diet supplements. Some diet pills can affect the way certain prescription medicines work.
If you take weight loss pills, try to have realistic expectations. They can help you lose weight but don't expect to just add a supplement to your diet and everything is fixed, you will need to make changes. In the long run, it is important to make permanent changes to your eating habits and lifestyle. This will allow you to have the most successful and satisfactory results from your diet.
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Definition of synchronicity
1 : the quality or fact of being synchronous
2 : the coincidental occurrence of events and especially psychic events (such as similar thoughts in widely separated persons or a mental image of an unexpected event before it happens) that seem related but are not explained by conventional mechanisms of causality —used especially in the psychology of C. G. Jung
synchronicity was our Word of the Day on 09/10/2010. Hear the podcast!
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Recent Examples of synchronicity from the Web
There's a touch of synchronicity about JAY-Z's much hyped 14th album 4:44 (Roc Nation), which sits at No. 4 on the midweek chart.
Having worked together in uncounted bands and situations, Sommers and Hall early in the evening locked into profound rhythmic synchronicity and never let go.
The guests at last week's fete saw some impressive entertainment, including slender jets that knitted together as a basket weave, in changing colors, and ranks of fountains rising and falling in split-second synchronicity with the musical dynamics.
And in a twist of historical synchronicity, the appeals court issued its decision on the anniversary of the death of Martin Luther King, Jr., whose movement pushed the Civil Rights Act into law 53 years ago.
There is little room for soloists to hide in Mozart, and the pair opened the three-movement concerto with perfect synchronicity in the Allegro.
The couple see the timing of this second child as a poignant synchronicity.
But there was also a degree of synchronicity between the two.
Okposo said instant synchronicity with Tavares and Nielsen did not surprise him.
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'synchronicity.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
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It happens to everyone sooner or later: A certain number pops up wherever you go; an old friend you haven't seen in 20 years since high school appears the same day you're looking at her picture in a yearbook; you're singing a song and turn on the radio - and the same song is playing. Such coincidences, here described by Thomas Ropp in the Arizona Republic, March 29,1999, are examples of synchronicity. The concept is linked to the psychology of Carl Jung. Jung didn't coin the word (the "simultaneousness" sense of "synchronicity" was already in use), but he gave it special importance in his writings. Jung believed that such "meaningful coincidences" play an important role in our lives. Today, some people even look to synchronicities for spiritual guidance.
First Known Use of synchronicity
circa 1889
Medical Dictionary
Medical Definition of synchronicity
: the coincidental occurrence of events and especially psychic events (as similar thoughts in widely separated persons or a mental image of an unexpected event before it happens) that seem related but are not explained by conventional mechanisms of causality—used especially in the psychology of C. G. Jung
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Bed and Breakfasts in Co Limerick
Limerick the city is itself a historic city with King John's Castle and the hunt Museum. This is the "capital" of this county which comprises pretty countryside and places to visit such as the Celtic Gardens at Kilcornan, the ancient monuments around Lough Gur and Askeaton.
Click here to search for Bed and Breakfasts in Co Limerick using our interactive map.
Almeda B&B, Limerick City, Co Limerick
The Almeda Bed & Breakfast provides affordable guest accommodation in the city of Limerick, County Limerick. The B&B is just a short walk from the centre of the city and convenient for the airports and attractions. The bed and breakfast rooms are all en suite and include a TV, tea/coffee making facilities and a hairdryer. An extensive breakfast menu is included in the price. Each full breakfast has one hot dish served with fresh baked bread and tea or coffee. We also offer free Wi-Fi and parking for our guests. Almeda Bed & Breakfast in Limerick City, Ireland is about a 10 minute walk from the centre of Limerick City. It is also conveniently located on the direct route to Cork and Kerry, with Shannon Airport only a 15 minute drive away. We are situated just 5 minutes from the bus and train station and we're on the main bus route. It is also just about 5 minutes walk from Mary Immaculate Teacher Training College; the Crescent Shopping Centre and the Regional Hospital. Also walking distance to restaurants, pubs, take aways, off licence, swimming pool, laundry, hairdresser, beauty salon, Omniplex and other amenities. For more information please visit our website. Rates: 30 per person per night. 60 per room per night based on 2 people sharing. Children are welcome. Sorry, no pets. Off street parking. Wi-Fi/internet access.
Ash Hill Bed & Breakfast, Kilmallock, Co Limerick
Ash Hill Bed & Breakfast is set in a wooded estate and working livestock farm close to Kilmallock in Co Limerick the South of Ireland. Our luxurious bed and breakfast makes a wonderful retreat and our location is perfect for those who want a bit of rest and recuperation while taking in the beautiful Irish countryside. The main residence is a large comfortable Georgian house (c. 1780), which looks out onto an 18 stable stone yard. All of our guest rooms have been decorated and furnished to keep in with the traditions of this wonderful house and to ensure that guests have a relaxing and comfortable place to stay. Evening meals at Ash Hill can be provided for by prior arrangement. Ash Hill is situated in some of the best foxhunting country in Ireland, the middle of the Co. Limerick hunt and close to the Scarteen, Duehallow and Tipperary hunts. Hunting holidays can be arranged, but book early as the most popular hunts fill quickly. For guests on vacation who wish to see the sights of Ireland we are in easy driving distance of Blarney Castle, Bunratty Castle, the Burren, the Rock of Cashel, Lough Gur and the Kerry coast. Whatever your plans, Ash Hill can provide an excellent respite from the trials of your vacation. Experience the old-world splendour of a time long gone, as you relax in our spacious and beautifully appointed rooms. For more information please visit our website. Rates: From 80 per room per night based on 2 people sharing. Children are welcome. Pets allowed. Dinner is available by arrangement.
Shanagarry Bed & Breakfast, Newcastle West, Co Limerick
Tourist Grading: Bord Failte Approved
Shanagarry Bed & Breakfast is a bungalow providing comfortable and welcoming bed and breakfast accommodation just outside the Limerick town of Newcastle West. There are lots of amenities within a close proximity and many interesting things to do and places to visit. On arrival you will receive tea/coffee and cookies. The guest bedrooms are light and airy and come equipped with a TV, Wi-Fi and hairdryer. In the morning, guests can help themselves to a variety of cereals, bread and scones accompanied by a cooked breakfast ranging from scrambled eggs on toast to the full traditional Irish Fry of bacon, sausages, eggs and more. Outside the B&B there is a lovely garden which is the ideal spot to relax on a hot day. As our home is situated halfway between Limerick and Kerry and within an hours drive of Shannon or Kerry Airport, Shanagarry B&B is an ideal stopover on your travels or base in which to explore the West Coast i.e. the Cliffs of Moher, or the majestic Shannon Area. Newcastle West is probably best known for its Mineral Water - known all over the globe as Ballygowan spring/sparkling water. There is a good choice of restaurants/pubs locally (all within 5 minutes in the car) where you enjoy anything from a toasted sandwich to a full dinner or better still the pint of Guinness. There is also an extensive park called The Demesne within walking distance from our house and is very popular with locals and visitors alike for walks, picnics, walking the dog or just to get away from the hustle and bustle of everyday life. For more information please visit our website. Rates: From 32 to 35 per person per night. Children are welcome. Sorry, no pets. Off street parking. Wi-Fi/internet access. 3 Star Fáilte Ireland Approved.
Park Lodge, Abbeyfeale, Co Limerick
Park Lodge is a modern spacious luxurious home, tastefully decorated with a pleasing and tranquil atmosphere. It is an ideal base for touring the South West, convenient to Ballybunion, Tralee, Killarney, Dingle and Crag Cave. Below are just some of the major facilities that we offer the visitor at Park Lodge. All rooms have en suites, televisions, hairdryers and tea/coffee making facilities if required. Extensive breakfast menu. Luxurious sitting room for guests use. Central heating throughout the house. Laundry facilities if required. Garden for guest use. Private parking. Babysitting service. Cot available. Beautiful views of The Feale Valley from the room windows. Minutes walk to the town. There is good trout fishing in the River Feale and golf courses nearby. Nine miles northwest of Abbeyfeale is Listowel - a thriving town and nine miles west is the well known Kerry seaside resort of Ballybunion. Abbeyfeale itself boasts some thirty pubs, excellent restaurants, horse riding, festivals and picturesque walks. Further a field are the coastal resorts of Ballybunnion (18 miles), and Tralee (25 miles), with its indoor swimming complex, the famous Killarney Lake (29 miles), Crag Caves (10 miles) all well worth a visit. For more information please visit our website. Rates: 50 per person per night. 75 per room per night based on 2 people sharing. Children are welcome. Sorry, no pets. Off street parking. Wi-Fi/internet access. 4 Star Fáilte Ireland.


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Listen to free music played by Brilliam
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station and start listening to @Brilliam.
Brilliam sunrise the day after the day that was the best day jam of all time
Dec 4, 2010 at 11:08 am via YouTube | AMAZON | ITUNES
Brilliam also this
Sep 9, 2010 at 3:45 am via YouTube | AMAZON | ITUNES
Brilliam i was trying to show this song to my roommate! it isn't anywhere!
Brilliam i still blip. balearic may be soooo 2008 or w/e but hey this is waht summer sounds like IN MY MIND FOR ALWAYS
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Brilliam Written by a Gen Xer, covered by a baby boomer, relevant to no generation more than older Generation Y-- what's up with that?
Brilliam it's like CSS was like "cover a track called knife? oh, we thought you meant pretend we WERE the knife." that cymbal hit + that synth + the singing?!?
CSS – Knife (Covered for Grizzly Bear)| play
Brilliam The most annoying single of the year remixed into the best spacey club jam of the year:
Brilliam how a band called "the zombies" isn't massively massive is completely beyond me. especially with wonderful songs like this.
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Atari Teenage Riot – Speed| play
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Brilliam The bassline in this song I am CONVINCED they lifted for the dying song in Mass Effect. Listen for it. It's about a minute in.
DJ Vadim feat. Motion Man – The Terrorist| play
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Brilliam THIS KIND OF LOVE IS LIKE A GUILLOTINE: I LOST MY HEAD TO A CAUSE GREATER THAN ME
Brilliam remember when this was in that missy elliott song? you'll know it when you hear it
Brilliam Thanks @Phist, I needed that K. Blow song today. SO GOOD. Makes me want to listen to this (now officially this the first song I've ever blipped twice)


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Spend the Summer in the Cool MountainsPosted in Uncategorized on May 21st, 2012 by Sally
If you haven't made a reservation for your summer vacation come stay with us. The weather is great, 70s during the day and 40s at night. There are still plenty of fish in the creek, with the last days of catch and release. June 2nd starts catch and keep so there will be plenty to smoke on the grill. The swimming hole is warming up so as soon as the temperature warms a cold plunge in the creek will be a favorite summer past time. Our tomatoes are at least 4 feet tall with plenty of tomatoes. We should have tomatoes by early June! Our other crops are doing well and we will soon have yellow or purple cauliflower, beets, onions and plenty of lettuce.


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The following is an open letter to Mayor Bryan Baum, Gabe Santos, Katie Witt and Alex Sammory.
I'm writing because I want this to become part of the public record.
First, go and find out my deceased beloved's full name:
Then know that I fully understand the references being made on the Times-Call website.
I believe the persons behind it are Chris and Brigette Rodriguez - who eagerly and enthusiastically supported all of you.
My wife was a beautiful woman - through and through.
Attacking anyone using such vile means should bring shame upon the people they associate with.
I know this is being done anonymously because it's cowardly and they would not dare do it to my face.
Your supporters have gone too far - and done it with glee and in public. The Lehmans are undoubtedly aware and in my opinion complicit.
What a hideous thing to encourage.
Tuesday, July 20, 2010
Who Baum, Santos, Witt and Sammoury associate with
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No. ________________________
In The
Supreme Court of The United States
In re Jane Doe Petitioner,
United States, Respondent.
Jane Doe
9999 Street
Washington, DC
Telephone Number: 917.523.9163 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Pro Se Litigant
- Is the Non-political Remedy of Permanent Injunctive Relief Available Under Article IV § 4 (The Guarantee Clause)?
- Did the United States Fail to Protect States from Invasion During the 2016 Elections?
- Is the Court Obligated to Uphold the Rule of Law Without Regard to Political Consequence?
- Does Allowing Current Members of U.S. Congress to Ratify 2016 Federal Election Results Enlist Members De Facto in a Scheme Orchestrated by an Invader?
[ X ] All parties appear in the caption of the case on the cover page.
Petitioner Seeks to Prove:
Contrary to well-settled law, injunctive relief—a non-political remedy—is available under Article IV§ 4 pursuant to the Court's powers of judicial review.
The Court has reason to permanently enjoin Congress from ratifying 2016 federal election results, since the United States failed to protect States' cyber territories from foreign invasion.
Flast v. Cohen, 392 U.S. 83 (1968) ………………………. 9
New York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144, 112 S. Ct. 2408, 120 L. Ed. 2d 120 (1992) ……………………………12
New York v. United States, 112 S. Ct. 2433 (1992) 13 Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962) ……………………. 15 Bush v. Gore, 531 U.S. 98 (2000) ………………………. 17
28 U.S.C. § 1331 ………………………………………………… 8 42 U.S.C. § 1983 …………………………………………………8 U.S. Constitution, Article IV § 4 …………………………12 U.S. Constitution, 12th Amendment ……………………..9
) Jane Doe, ) Plaintiff, ) vs. ) ) United States of America ) Defendant ) ) ) )
This court has jurisdiction and authority to provide injunctive relief under the following statutes and laws: 28 U.S.C. § 1331, 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Plaintiff was a registered voter in a national election held on November 8, 2016, whereby Donald J. Trump and Mike Pence were selected as President and Vice President of the United States. Several other candidates were selected to serve in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Plaintiff is challenging the constitutionality and lawfulness of current federal officials' planned exercise of power (Flast v. Cohen) in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment beginning on January 3, 2017, and culminating soon after Friday, January 20, 2017. During that period of time, representatives of the political branches of government will exercise their powers to officially install into federal offices persons unwittingly made party to a fraudulent election by a third party seeking to undermine the "people's" republican form of government.
There exists compelling evidence that operatives acting on behalf of a third party (named as the Government of Russia) illegally and repeatedly invaded U.S. election systems, extracted hundreds of thousands of voter records, and engaged in other criminal acts of cyber terrorism, yet to be discerned, during the 2016 election cycle to materially influence congressional and presidential election outcomes.
While it cannot be ascertained—due to the nature of clandestine cyber-attacks1—the degree to which cyber invasions were or were not determinative of election results, there exists clear and convincing evidence that some elected officials who prevailed in the 2016 elections were "selected" by a foreign power rather than "elected" in accordance with states' electoral voting processes, since untampered popular vote totals could not be discerned.
Plaintiffs request the Court permanently enjoin the President of the Senate, Members of the U.S. Senate, Members of the U.S. House, and other persons in the U.S. Government from:
- 1) Swearing in on January 3, 2017, persons newly elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate;
- 2) RatifyingonJanuary6,2017,electoral votes cast by state electors and transmitted to the President of the U.S. Senate;
1 FBI Cyber Crime website:https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/cyber.
- 3) Swearing in of Donald J. Trump on January 20, 2017.
- 4) Procurement and issuance of performance bonds to persons elected to federal office on November 8, 2016; or
- 5) All other acts commensurate to the peaceful transition of power following a valid election.
Is the Non-political Remedy of Permanent Injunctive Relief Available to the Court Under Article IV § Section 4 (The Guarantee Clause)?
The hacking of the 2016 elections provides a new context for examining the intent of our Founding Fathers as it relates to the Guarantee Clause. Article IV § 4 provides:
The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against invasions and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
Plaintiff comes before the Court seeking a judicial remedy in the form of a permanent injunction under Article IV § 4 (The Guarantee Clause) to prohibit persons elected to federal office in 2016 from taking office based upon hacked election results.
The Court has long held that questions arising under Article IV § 4 "are political, not judicial, in character, and thus are for consideration by Congress or the Executive Branch and not the courts.2 In New York v. United States, Justice O'Connor, writing for the Court, questioned the conventional wisdom that cases under the Guarantee Clause are summarily nonjudiciable:
2 Cases Under the Guarantee Clause Should Be Justiciable, by Erwin Chemerinksy: http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1696 &context=faculty_scholarship.
The view that the Guarantee Clause implicates only nonjudiciable political questions has its origin in Luther v. Borden . . . . This view has not always been accepted. In a group of cases decided before the holding of Luther was elevated into a general rule of nonjusticiability, the Court addressed the merits of claims founded on the Guarantee Clause without any suggestion that the claims were nonjusticiable . . . . More recently, the Court has suggested that perhaps not all claims under the Guarantee Clause present nonjusticiable political questions . . . . Contemporary commentators have likewise suggested that courts should address the merits of such claims, at least in some circumstances. (New York v. United States, 112 S. Ct. 2433 (1992).)
The remedy plaintiff seeks is judicial in nature and would not be within the authority of the executive or legislative branch to grant.
Did the United States Fail to Fulfill the Mandates of the Guarantee Clause by Failing to Protect the States from Cyber Invasion During the 2016 Elections?
The 2016 primary and general elections fail to comply with constitutional standards, since the federal government failed to protect states and election systems in the states used to capture and calculate votes from invasion by third parties who evidenced an intent to skew election results in favor
of candidates of their choosing. The United States has changed in incalculable ways since our Founders ratified the U.S. Constitution. The population of the U.S. has increased exponentially, and the nation has greatly enlarged its land mass. The U.S. has developed technologically in ways that simply could not have been foreseen when the Constitution was drafted. The constitutional guarantee to protect states from invasions would today necessarily include invasions of any of a state's territories, including cyber and other territories.
Is the Court Obligated to Uphold the Rule of Law Without Regard to Political Consequences?
Section IV § 4 guarantees that the federal government will assure and provide States the following protections: 1) a republican form of government; 2) protection against invasion; and 3) protection of legislatures and executives from domestic violence.3
The Court may exercise its power of judicial review to examine cases involving the political branches of government (Executive Branch and Legislative Branch) and enjoin unconstitutional acts.
3 What does Article IV, Section 4 really mean? by The American Way, http://www.theamericanview.com/q-what-does-article-iv-section-4-really- mean/.
The U.S. Government failed to protect State cyber territories from invasion. The failures enabled invaders to taint, extract, and manipulate election data in a manner and to the extent only the invaders know.
Should the Court Concern Itself with Creating an Extraordinary Political Conundrum?
It is well-settled that the court does not entertain questions that are political in nature (Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962)). The federal court's power of judicial review is to examine the facts of the case and render judgment within the jurisdiction of the court's judicial powers. Plaintiff requests the court review a constitutional matter and provide a remedy in the form of permanent injunctive relief even though it will give rise to an extraordinary political conundrum that will require the political branch of the U.S. Government to hold a new election, which is the same remedy the Supreme Court in Austria4 and the Ukraine5 ordered following foreign intervention into their elections.6
4 Austria's Top Court Throws Out Presidential Election Result, Orders A Do-Over, NPR (July 1, 2016): http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo- way/2016/07/01/484300814/austrias-top-court-throws-out- presidential-election-result-orders-a-do-over
2004:Yushchenko wins Ukraine election rerun, BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/27/ne wsid_4408000/4408386.stm.
A ruling granting permanent injunctive relief will have the unintended consequence of compelling the President and the Executive Branch—many of whom were beneficiaries of the cyber hacks—to join together, devise procedures for holding new elections, enact revote legislation and implement measures to ensure state and federal elections are tamper-free. Without such remedies, the door to undermining America's democracy will remain wide open.
Does Allowing Members of the U.S. Congress to Ratify 2016 Federal Election Results Enlist Members De Facto in an Illegal Scheme Orchestrated by an Invader?
The Twelfth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides a list of requirements Secretaries of State, the President of the U.S. Senate (Vice President of the United States), Members of the Congress, and Members of the Executive Branch must complete to accomplish a peaceful transition of power.
Political leaders charged with transition-of- power responsibilities have also taken an oath of office promising to uphold the U.S. Constitution and comply with this nation's laws and now must make a difficult choice due to third-party cyber invaders. Political leaders must either comply with Amendment Twelve of the U.S. Constitution and ratify electoral votes significantly determined by hackers or comply with their oath of office to uphold the Constitution and thereby refuse to help perfect the criminal acts of cyber terrorists. Never has the Court's counterbalancing influence been more needed.
Voting Is the Hallmark of American Democracy.
Although the right to vote for electors may not be enshrined in the U.S. Constitution—("[t]he individual citizen has no federal constitutional right to vote for electors for the President of the United States."] (Bush v. Gore))—citizens in the Republic of America view the right to vote as an inherent right.
Voting is the bedrock of the U.S. electoral process outlined in the Constitution's Twelfth Amendment. Without the citizens' votes, Secretaries of State could not determine which party's electors to seat for the Electoral College and, consequently, which electors are entitled to vote for the President of the United States.
There is a reason citizens wrongly believe the right to vote is enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. Citizens regard voting as the mechanism by which they participate in our republic. Never has the importance of the people's right to vote been more evident than now. During the 2016 election, third- party hackers committed criminal and terroristic acts, invaded our cyber territory, and interfered in U.S. elections in a manner we have yet to fully discern. (See Appendix A—Limited Number of Election Hack Scenarios.)
The people's vote is their voice, and that voice was muted by hackers who undermined the U.S. electoral process in 2016.
The Federal Government and States Have Long Known State Voting Systems Are Subject to Invasion by Third-party Actors.
America is a sovereign nation that has a government, territories, and population. With the advent of computing, new territorial boundaries emerged in the form of cyber territory: Encroachment upon a nation's sovereign boundaries is a criminal act:
Rule—1: Sovereignty
A State may exercise control over cyber infrastructure and activities within its sovereign territory.
1. This rule emphasizes the fact that although no state may claim sovereignty over cyberspace per se, states may exercise sovereign prerogatives over any cyber infrastructure located on their territory, as well as activities associated with that cyber infrastructure.
2. The accepted definition of "sovereignty" was set forth in the Island of Palmas Arbitral Award of 1928. It provides that "Sovereignty in the relations between States signifies independence. Independence in regard to a portion of the globe is the right to
exercise therein, to the exclusion of any other State, the functions of a State."
3. It is the sovereignty that a state enjoys over territory that gives it the right to control cyber infrastructure and cyber activities within its territory. Accordingly, cyber infrastructure situated in the land territory, internal waters, territorial sea (including its bed and subsoil), archipelagic waters, or national airspace is subject to the sovereignty of the territorial state.7
The American system of voting utilizes various methods to capture and count votes, including paper ballots, optical scan paper ballot systems, direct recording electronic (DRE) systems, ballot marking devices and systems, punch card voting systems, mechanical lever voting machines, and online balloting by military and overseas Americans. Some electronic voting systems create a paper audit trail and some do not.
Computer experts, advocacy organizations, think tanks, and security experts have perpetually warned states and the federal government that state election laws, policies, processes, and machines that
7 Tallinn Manual Sovereignty by Martin Walls (June 12, 2015): http://insct.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Tallinn-Manual- Sovereignty.pdf.
together create America's voting system during a federal election are plagued by numerous vulnerabilities and irregularities that allow for voter suppression, manipulation, and invasion by third- party actors who have sinister intent.
In 2016, Cyber Terrorists Criminally Invaded Several States' Cyber Territories
The Guarantee Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires the United States to protect all its territories from invasion. While Founding Fathers could not have envisioned today's technological society, protection against invasion applied to all of the nation's borders and today includes cyber territories:
Protection against invasion was a continuation of an established centralized foreign policy and defense under the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. The Framers understood that protection of the borders was essential to both the security of the people and the viability of the economy.8
On multiple occasions throughout the 2016 election cycle, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. Intelligence Community, which is composed of 16 agencies, warned that third-party
8 What does Article IV, Section 4 really mean?, The American View: http://www.theamericanview.com/q-what-does-article-iv- section-4-really-mean/.
actors, alleged to be Russian, were interfering in U.S. elections and invading election systems.9
Intelligence reports reveal that the President of the United States and members of Congress were briefed about the cyber invasions throughout the 2016 election cycle, and Secretaries of State were also made aware of third parties' continuous efforts to breach U.S. election systems. The alarms were numerous and included a stream of reports and news articles:
- The Chicago Tribune publicized that the Illinois State Board of Elections reported that hackers—believed to be of foreign origin—had obtained personal information from over 200,000 voter records beginning in June 2016.10
- An intelligence report titled FBI/DHS Summary Report: GRIZZLY STEPPE – Russian Malicious Cyber Activity, published on December 29, 2016, by the Federal Bureau of Investigation tells of widespread election hacking. The report provides technical details regarding the tools and infrastructure used by the Russian civilian and military intelligence
9 Joint Statement from the Department of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security: (October 7, 2016): https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/10/07/joint-statement- department-homeland-security-and-office-director-national.
10 Illinois Election Official Say Hack Yielded 200,000 Voters, Chicago Tribune (August 29, 2016): http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-illinois-state-board- of-elections-hack-update-met-0830-20160829-story.html.
Services (RIS) to compromise and exploit networks and endpoints associated with the U.S. election, as well as a range of U.S. government, political, and private sector entities. This activity by RIS is part of an ongoing campaign of cyber-enabled operations directed at the U.S. government and its citizens.11
A CBS News website article titled More State Election Databases Hacked Than Previously Thought, dated September 28, 2016, reveals that government officials were growing increasingly concerned about Russian efforts to disrupt or influence the 2016 election. The report also claimed that a total of about 10 states had their systems probed or breached by hackers, similar to the election systems breaches that had already occurred in Arizona and Illinois.12
Political leaders who were aware of the cyber- terrorist activity failed to stop the invasions into state election systems or develop stopgap measures that would have allowed for easy detection of voter fraud activity by hackers or other parties. As a
11 FBI/DHS Summary Report: GRIZZLY STEPPE–Russian Malicious Cyber Activity: https://www.us- cert.gov/sites/default/files/publications/JAR_16- 20296A_GRIZZLY%20STEPPE-2016-1229.pdf.
12 More State databases hacked than previously thought, CBS News (September 28, 2016): http://www.cbsnews.com/news/more-state-election-databases- hacked-than-previously-thought/.
result, election results were characterized by several anomalies.13
Positive Unintended Political Consequence of a Permanent Injunction
While the rule of law may preclude the Court from contemplating the political ramifications of its actions during judicial review, permanently enjoining persons elected to federal office in 2016 will have the positive and unintended consequence of requiring the political branches of government (Executive Branch and Legislative Branch) to fulfill their constitutional obligation to devise election standards and approaches that protect states' cyber territories against encroachment, as required in Article IV § 4. Should a cyber terrorist manage to defeat state election systems' safeguards in the future, properly instituted procedural safeguards can enable the speedy detection of illegitimate votes, manipulation of vote totals, unauthorized removal of voters from registration files, and other sinister acts of which only the hackers are aware (Appendix A).
The hacking of the U.S. elections in 2016 was unprecedented in scope and contaminated the election process to such an extent that it is impossible to determine the reliability of election outcomes for the highest offices in our nation.
13 A Fair Election? Serious, Hard-to-Explain Questions Arise About Trump Vote Totals in 3 Key States, Alternet (November 18, 2016): http://www.alternet.org/election-2016/fair-election-
serious-hard-explain-questions-arise-about-trump-vote-totals-3- key .
A third party invaded State election systems across the nation, extracted voter registration records, tampered with data, disseminated data, and as a result, no one can determine conclusively—due to the extraordinary and massive nature of the cyber invasions—if or the extent to which foreign hackers determined election outcomes.
The highly charged nature of America's political environment has pitted party interests against national interests and has rendered some political guardians unable to act and others unwilling to act to remediate the effects of the unprecedented attack on our sovereign nation's most important process—the election of top leaders who determine national policy, oversee military and intelligence assets, manage our economy, oversee our government, and chart our future.
The President of the United States has responded to the election cyber attacks by expelling Russian diplomats. But the acts of retaliation do little to mitigate the injury to state, electors, and voters. The risks of allowing such an openly tainted election to stand poses incalculable and extraordinary risk to the preservation of our Union and the perception of the United States on the world stage.
Petitioner requests that the Court issue an Extraordinary Writ of Mandamus permanently enjoining political leaders from proceeding with transition of power duties contained in Amendment Twelve of the United States Constitution and other duties stated in this petition.
Dated this 2nd day of January, 2017
Jane Doe
I hereby certify that on January 2, 2017,
I sent a copy of the Petitioner's Opening Brief by mail to:
The Solicitor General of the United States U.S. Department of Justice, Room 5616 950 Pennsylvania Ave, NW
Washington, DC 20530-0001
Signature: Jane Doe Date: January 2, 2017
I certify that the total number of pages I am submitting as my Petitioner's Opening Brief is 30 pages or less or alternatively, if the total number of pages exceeds 30, I certify that I have counted the number of words and the total is 3688, which is less than 13,000. I understand that if my Petitioner's Opening Brief exceeds 13,000 words, my brief may be stricken and the appeal dismissed.
Signature: Jane Doe Date: January 2, 2017
Limited Number of Election Hack Scenarios by Brian Fox-CAVO
SCENARIO I — Hack Early, Reap Later
during the primary elections. The goal of the change is to install software that will run during the general election, and will change the way the votes are counted during that election. This type of attack often generates a sense of safety and security among the election officials, because when they hand count and otherwise audit the results of the primary election, the results match perfectly. Election officials then believe that the machines are working and have not been tampered with. When the votes are tallied for the general election, the hack is activated, and the counts are skewed.
This type of attack can be carried out by an individual, who shows up to vote at a precinct.
SCENARIO II— Hack and Reap
In this scenario, the election equipment is used as normal, but at tally time, the memory card associated with the tally is modified (this can be done in seconds, but not likely by a voter). Once again, the counts are skewed, and the election results are different than they would have been. However, after this has happened, ballots are either destroyed or discarded, so that there is no record or auditable verification of the false count.
Because of the way our Electoral College works, in both of these scenarios, the place to attack is within states that are expected to vote about 50/50 between the two major parties. In those states, find a couple of larger precincts to hack, where you expect the vote to be overwhelmingly for the candidate that you do not want to win. Steal 10% of the votes cast there for your candidate, and you've not changed the precinct results, but you have changed enough votes to change the state's results.
About the Author—Brian J. Fox
Brian J Fox is an American computer programmer, entrepreneur, consultant, author, and free software advocate. He was the original author of the GNU Bash shell, which he announced as a beta in June 1989. He continued as the primary maintainer for Bash until at least early 1993.
In 1985, Fox and Richard Stallman began Stallman's newly created Free Software Foundation. At the FSF, Fox authored GNU Bash, GNU Makeinfo, GNU Info, GNU Finger, and the readline and history libraries. He was also the maintainer of Emacs for a time, and made many contributions to the software that was created for the GNU Project between 1986 and 1994. He is founder of CAVO and pioneered the initial OS vote tabulation systems.


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While my best friend's wedding gave me a taste of just how stressful being in the wedding party can be, the day itself was incredibly beautiful. Not only was the venue beautiful, but all of us friends celebrating had a great time, too. The top photo is practically everyone's new Facebook cover photo, since it captures the happiness and goofiness we all emit when we are together. But so much fun (and my niece getting a pretty owwie boo boo the other day from the dog) also calls for some personal R&R. And I'm more than happy to share some steps with you.
Tag: Love yourself
Retail Affliction and How to Overcome It
Regardless of your body shape or size, one thing most, if not all, of us women deal with is the difficulty that comes with shopping for clothes and shoes. With the minuscule irritations that come with the process, other than a temporary sense of frustration (or blind rage, if you're me), we all also tend to develop negative images of ourselves which affect more aspects of our lives than maybe we ever realized. My insecure thoughts as a preteen and teenager due to my inability to connect with others my age mutated into the way I viewed myself overall, which then linked into my fashion (or lack thereof) all the way until college.
When I tried clothing on in a store and things didn't fit, I shut down and gave up after one store. I hated myself to the point where I would have rathered worn my baggy cargo shorts until they looked like Tarzan's loincloth than keep trying to look for new clothes and wear my shoes until the soles burned out rather than get new pairs. Clothes shopping literally enraged me, which shouldn't be the case.
With that said, here are some tips that I've found helpful in my own journey over the past year and that I hope you find useful as well.
- Don't be afraid to browse other stores if nothing fits at one store. Like I mentioned before, the lack of universal sizing standards is absolutely ridiculous, and several department stores like JCPenney and Boscovs sell several different brands for you to explore. You're bound to find at least find one item that will work as long as you keep trying things on and searching with an open mind.
- Challenge yourself to browse items outside of your fashion comfort zone. Believe me, I know this one is difficult. We all find that one pant cut we know will fit or that one color that acts as our go-to, so it's much easier to grab those at the store and go instead of explore new options. If you have the ample time to spend in a clothing store, grab a little bit of every style that catches your eye even for a second and bring it in the dressing room. You never know which looks you'll slay until you try!
- Spend a minute or two taking in the view you see in the mirror and experiencing your thoughts/feelings in those moments. Whether it's a piece that works on you or doesn't, look in the mirror and acknwledge the thoughts and feelings that come with that reflection. If your shirt makes you look wider than you'd like, what about it makes you feel that way (cut, rouching, color, etc.)? If your pants fit perfectly, how are they cut to make you look and feel so good? Stand and look at yourself in just that new bra and your jeans and take in your half-bare self so you can finally look at that and say, "This is pretty nice." Be in the shopping experience rather than just trying to grab something quickly.
- Make it fun! This sounds cliche, but it really does help if you can manage to make it fun. When I'm in a dressing room and trying on pants, sometimes I'll start wiggling my butt if I think the pants fit well. Even if something is too big or small, I'll take a silly mirror selfie and laugh at how silly it looks. If you have a friend with you, make your own fashion show and strut to that 360* mirror like you're owning New York Fashion Week (even at a Forever21). I always get a good laugh this way.
There are obviously other ways you guys cope with difficult shopping trips, so leave them in the comments!


text:
Sydney needs more inner-city homes: developer
Sydney needs to provide more homes close to the CBD if it wants to reach its potential as a global city, a major property developer has warned.
Mirvac's CEO Susan Lloyd-Hurwitz made the comment as the company marked the opening of the first stage of its Harold Park development at Forest Lodge in inner-Sydney.
More than 1,200 homes are being built on the site to house about 2,500 people.
The opening coincided with the release of data showing Sydney's house prices had increased 17 per cent in one year.
Ms Lloyd-Hurwitz said expanding west was not the only way to accommodate Sydney's growing population.
"For the first time since the white settlement of Sydney the demographic centre has moved east, last year," she said.
"That's a momentous milestone. It means the city is coming back in with higher density."
She said an increasing number of people were choosing to live in the inner-city.
"If Sydney is going to reach its potential as a global city, the most basic of human needs, shelter, needs to be well served," she said.
"We've got a growing population increasing in density.
"People are preferring to live in locations close to employment, recreation and major transport nodes."
Sydney Lord Mayor Clover Moore said the Howard Park development would provide affordable housing options for city workers.
"We are very pleased that we've been able to achieve affordable housing on this site," she said.
"We do urge the Government to develop a policy so we're able to provide more affordable housing for those essential workers."
Harold Park Paceway attracted thousands of punters to the trotting events it hosted from its opening in 1902 until its closure in 2010.
The development, due to be completed by 2017, will also feature cafes, a light rail station and a three-hectare park.
The first, newly-opened precinct is one of six stages and features one, two and three-bedroom terraces.
It has been named Locarno after a horse that came from last place to win the 1980 Miracle Mile event on the Harold Park racetrack.
Topics: housing, housing-industry, population-and-demographics, annandale-2038, glebe-2037
First posted


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A plan to run septic lines near ancient burial grounds has raised concerns about damaging the sacred site and polluting nearby tributaries.
By Blair Emerson, Star Tribune, June 27th, 2015
The ancient American Indian burial mounds that curve along a slope in the Old Village of Afton embody a snake or a fish long seen as a powerful and eternal symbol in many Dakota and Ojibwe legends.
But in recent months, a plan by Afton officials to install a $4 million sewage system has raised concerns about the preservation of those sacred mounds, located only a few hundred yards from the St. Croix River.
The city, after recent pressure from the state archaeologist, has assured residents and state officials that the project's septic lines won't damage the mounds. Yet some residents are pushing the city to move the proposed lines to avoid disturbing the mounds and potentially polluting nearby tributaries and groundwater wells.
While it has been debated whether human remains are actually located there, the mounds still hold a cultural significance for Indians, said Bruce White, a historian and anthropologist who specializes in American Indian history in Minnesota.
"You don't have to find human remains for it to be culturally significant," White said.
Although most of the mounds are no longer visible, and may have been destroyed by previous construction, the city should still avoid digging nearby, said Scott Anfinson, the state archaeologist.
"When we're talking about burial sites, we always want to err on the side of caution," said David Mather, a national register archaeologist at the Minnesota National Historical Society. "This isn't a problem that's unique to Afton — it's a problem that happens all over Minnesota."
Earlier this month, Anfinson wrote a letter to city officials asking that a proposed lift station near the mounds be moved. He also has asked the city to provide him with a map showing where the septic lines would go, to ensure that they steer clear of the burial site. Finally, he asked that an archaeologist be on site.
Anfinson said in a recent interview that the "greatest threat" to the mounds was another city project, one that calls for establishing stormwater ponds nearby.
"I told the city I wanted them to move the stormwater ponds so they would be at least 20 feet away from the mounds," he said.
Afton officials assured the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency's (MPCA) Citizens' Board in a meeting last week that construction work will, indeed, be at least 20 feet from the mounds.
City Engineer Todd Hubmer also said that the city has "agreed to make some adjustments" to the project setbacks and "have an archaeologist on site during construction to notify us of any findings."
Groundwater concerns
The threat to the burial mounds is just one of several environmental issues troubling residents in Afton and the neighboring cities of Lake St. Croix Beach and St. Mary's Point.
The sewer project, which includes a 25-acre sewage treatment facility, has been a source of constant — and sometimes tense — debate.
Afton officials say it will help the city's failing septic systems and help clean up the St. Croix River.
"We are confident we selected a site that is fit for this project," said Afton City Administrator Ron Moorse.
But some residents fear it will pollute nearby tributaries and groundwater wells.
Plans call for building the facility in a grassy field at 2318 St. Croix Trail South. Several groundwater wells are nearby, as is Valley Creek, a trout stream that extends from Afton to the St. Croix River.
Jim and Kathy Golden have lived near the proposed treatment facility site for 12 years. Kathy Golden said that when she and her husband found out about the project they became concerned about the environmental impact on the nearby creek and the well they and some neighbors draw their drinking water from.
"We almost thought about bailing when they put together this septic [project]," she said.
Similar concerns have ben expressed by residents in Lake St. Croix Beach and St. Mary's Point. The MPCA recently compiled a standard environmental review of the plan, and the process gathered more than 30 public comments.
"We assessed those comments … and came to the conclusion that the project doesn't have significant environmental effects," said Kevin Kain, MPCA's manager of the project's environmental review.
Last week, the MPCA's Citizens' Board reviewed the project and determined there was no need for further research. By a 6-1 vote, the board granted a permit allowing the city to move forward. It also rejected a request by several cities for a contested case hearing, which would have required a judge to review the project issues and decide whether it should proceed.
As for the concern over the Indian mounds, the board passed an amendment requiring Afton officials to seek perspectives from the Minnesota's State Historical Preservation Office and the Indian Affairs Council before issuing a construction permit.
Moorse said the project is expected to begin this fall.
Blair Emerson is a Twin Cities freelance writer. Her e-mail address is email@example.com


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Long is the road
that leads to battle
Longer the one
that brings me back home
We are led in line
to the slaughter like cattle
From war I get to wear
the title of gome
I was taught to fight,
but not to be violent
Like teaching to speak
then keeping me silent
I was taught loyalty and fealty
to every tyrant
I was after all an ignorant aspirant
What little they know of the demon in me
They look and only see what they want me to be
A puppet soldier,
slave to their every command
Blind loyalty from us,
they always demand
I will not acquiesce to being robbed of my will
I stand at attention but
I will not stand still
To prove I have a choice,
any man I'd kill
So my deed be scripted
on paper with quill
So I'm gathered with some comrades of mine
Under the moonlight at a quarter past nine
Whilst the victims to-be with their families do dine
This power and loyalty I will take and make mine…
Never subject to all of man's laws
Their impeccable system so full of flaws
To me this world is "No freedom from birth"
'cause once you arrive you are bound with a girth
But Thanks to the heavens! I'm not of this earth
I live life doing all that brings mirth
'cause aside from that, what else is life worth?
Instead of being chained I'd rather drown in a firth
They steal me from peace and keep me bound
So the world, from me will hear no sound
The more they torture us the more we abound
So they kill me to send fear to all those around
Ignorant men! deadly as the hound
All the evil they do will always rebound.