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READY IN: 25mins
Recipe by swtpea1974
Slightly spicy dish traditionally served during rahmadan. I had it when a classmate brought it for his demonstration speech this past semester. I loved this dish, but have not made it myself yet. Would be good I think with rice and a salad.
Ingredients Nutrition
- egg roll wrap
- 1 lb lamb or 1 lb hamburger
- 5 potatoes
- 2 tablespoons cilantro
- 1⁄2 teaspoon onion, chopped
- 1⁄2 teaspoon curry powder
- 1⁄2 teaspoon cinnamon
- salt
Directions See How It's Made
- Wash meat, dry and cook;.
- break into small pieces.
- Boil potatoes;cut into small pieces.
- Mix meat,Potato,cilantro,Onion and seasonings.
- Place small amount in corner of an egg roll wrapper; fold wrapper in.
- half so it is triangular in shape.
- Use milk to seal.
- Deep fry.


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Wednesday, December 23
- Christmas: Finding Time to Relax...
23 comments:
I wouldn't say Monopoly is ever relaxing (coming from a competitive household) but the rest of the box is amazing! I didn't even realise Lush did a Frozen bath bomb, I am going to HAVE to try that out as soon as I can! I am not off until Christmas Eve evening (boo) then we have a lot of family to see. I am well and truly looking forward to putting my feet up on 28th- I will finally be able to chill then!!! Have a lovely Christmas xReplyDelete
Wow the hair stylers look awesomeReplyDelete
Candice | Beauty Candy Loves
I'd agree with what someone said above, Monopoly is definitely not a way to relax, I've seen full blown arguments break out because of it haha.ReplyDelete
nevertheless everything else is spot on. I love nothing more than to have a Lush bath and do my nails to relax. x
This is SO my type of relaxing box!! I love the colour of the hairdryer and straighteners! We all need to relax one day around this time of year or you get so hectic! xxReplyDelete
I have the same mug as you have! Its perfect for hot chocolates, which are an essential for relaxing :) The Whittard caramel hot chocolate sounds amazing.ReplyDelete
Merry Christmas
Oh wow what an amazing bundle of goodies to help you relax! Your year sounds as hectic as mine, I have one more day to survive before I can de-stress but will be starting off with a lush bath of course!! I hope you have the most wonderful Christmas :) xxxReplyDelete
Hi there! Wow, that's an amazing box to receive! I hope you will have a wonderful Christmas eve but I'm sure you will.. you at least have the products for it! X Sjoukje from www.lemontierres.comReplyDelete
What an amazing hamper, such a nice Christmas thing to receive! Would be happy with the bath bombs alone, also good shout on the bath - it's an essential!ReplyDelete
The Makeup Directory
What a brilliant idea, whoever thought up this is a genius. Often I make packs like this up for presents but they aren't as good as this. The perfect present, I will definitely be using these Lucy xReplyDelete
What a lovely little set but seriously, hot chocolate and marshmallows are always the winner! ;) Have an amazing Christmas lovely <3ReplyDelete
Don;t feel very festive this year (I think it's because it's too warm). Anyway wanted to wish you a merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Can't wait to catch up with you soon xReplyDelete
Caz | Style Lingua
Loved the post!ReplyDelete
<3: Jasmin N | Little Things With Jassy
You lucked out there! That's an amazing gift! I love the monopoly that it has the dog on it as I was always the DOG DOG or sometimes the boot.ReplyDelete
Corinne x
That pamper basket is an amazing idea!!! Im relaxing with a cup of tea, a lush bath bomb (of course), and Arthur Christmas (the movie) <3ReplyDelete
BCfactor Blog
What an amazing lot of goodies! Definitely full of pamper items, although Monopoly stresses me out haha! Unless I'm the banker in which case I'm (literally) in the money.ReplyDelete
Touchscreens & Beautyqueens
I ended up playing Monopoly twice on Christmas, although I think that'll be it until next year! These goodies sound perfect for some me time, especially the magazines :)ReplyDelete
Velvet Blush
Such a lovely post it's so important to just relax at this time of year, as it's so easy to get caught up in all the stress.ReplyDelete
Spot on! Monopoly is never relaxing on my house but the rest is right on track. Might have to try Lush's Frozen Bath Bomb now. I love your photos!ReplyDelete
This is really amazing!!!ReplyDelete
I am all about Lush baths and magazine time to relax! Hope you had the best Christmas lovely <3ReplyDelete
How cute is this pamper Box Karen, Hope you had a lovely Christmas & a relaxing few days off! I can't wait to see you & Carolin :D Hope you have an amazing New Years & I LOVE THE lush bath bomb, and how amazing are the hair & nail bits :DReplyDelete
Serene | I Am Serene L
I don't blame you for turning out properties that doesn't have a bath, I would too. I never understood why have a bathtub is important back when I was in Malaysia but I can't be without one now.ReplyDelete
Reflection of Sanity | StayLean Tea Australia Giveaway
Monopoly is definitely not relaxing. Someone always ends up yelling and throwing the board across the room. Hilarious!ReplyDelete
Angie | Chocolate & Lipstick | Beauty, Fashion & Lifestyle Blog

subset: commoncrawl


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This retreat is full with a short wait list. To be added to the list, submit a registration and deposit.
This silent retreat specifically addresses the practice needs of new and experienced meditators in the challenging years of early adulthood. The format includes daily meditation instruction, group and individual meetings with teachers, opportunities for questions and discussion, as well as afternoon yoga sessions offered by Emily Carpenter. The course will end with a day of optional activities centered on supporting community and integrating the practice into our daily lives.
A Message from IMS's Guiding Teachers
Inevitably, there'll be some noise as IMS's project to renovate the Catskills is underway. (Its completion is currently scheduled for late August 2013.) The work, however, will take place primarily indoors during regular construction hours, usually Monday – Friday, 7:00am–4:00pm.
In the Retreat Center meditation hall, the impact of any renovation noise is further reduced by an air circulation and conditioning system that allows fresh air to move around without opening the windows.
The teachers at IMS decided to continue offering retreats throughout this building period, knowing that conditions for practice are rarely perfect. We trust that these particular conditions can be met with the equanimity and grace with which we meet a range of conditions in our lives.
All of us at IMS look forward to supporting you on retreat.


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See Pic!
Search Results for: victoria's secret
May 31, 2017
Victoria's Secret Angel's Workouts — You Can Copy To Get As Toned As They Are
A Victoria's Secret model is synonymous with having a tight and toned body. Their strong muscles are serious workout inspiration for the summer ahead — copy their exact workouts below!
March 20, 2017
Victoria's Secret Models Party It Up In Las Vegas & It Was Totally Lit — Pics
Victoria's Secret supermodels graced Wynn Las Vegas over the weekend and partied like total rock stars (and with actual rock stars!). On Friday afternoon, besties Taylor Hill, Jasmine Tookes (ya know, the lucky gal who got to wear the million dollar fantasy bra), Romee Strijd, and Lais Ribeiro kicked off their weekend festivities at the…
March 9, 2017
The 2017 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Will Take Place In Shanghai
The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show is on the move once again, and this time our favorite Angels are heading to China — another exciting first for the brand! Here's everything you need to know about the big show.
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Sara Sampaio For Moroccanoil: Victoria's Secret Model Signed As Ambassador
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The Weeknd & Selena Gomez: 'Sparks' First Flew At Victoria's Secret Show In 2015
Selena Gomez and The Weeknd's romance was 'inevitable,' a source EXCLUSIVELY tells HollywoodLife.com. The pair first met at the 2015 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show and had an instant connection. Wow — this story keeps getting better and better.
December 12, 2016
Victoria's Secret Model Josephine Skriver: How To Be Sexy
If anyone knows a thing or two about how to feel confident and sexy, it's the Victoria's Secret Angels. After walking the runway in Paris at the 2016 VS Fashion Show, HollywoodLife caught up with model Josephine Skriver to find out what makes her feel sexy.
December 7, 2016
Bella Hadid's Shocking Confession: Victoria's Secret Rejected Me In 2015
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December 6, 2016
Victoria's Secret Model Taylor Hill's $6 Drugstore Hair Must Have
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December 5, 2016
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show: Best Moments From The Sexiest Runway Of The Year
Is it hot in here, or is it just the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show?! Once again, all of the sexiest supermodels took to the runway in Paris to show off their hottest holiday looks, and they totally blew us away. We have the top 5 moments from the big night, right here!
December 5, 2016
Bella Hadid Freaking Out Before Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Airs: Why She's Nervous
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December 5, 2016
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016 Live Stream — Watch Online For Free
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December 5, 2016
Victoria's Secret Model Workout — Exact Fitness Routines Of Gigi Hadid & More
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December 5, 2016
Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Outfits: SHOP The Exact Looks On The Models
The VS Angels and major models like Gigi & Bella Hadid and Kendall Jenner are going to totally rock the runway at the 2016 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in some of the hottest lingerie looks — and you can shop their sexy, festive style right here, (Angel wings not included). Plus, find out how to score $20 off your entire order!
December 1, 2016
Gigi Hadid: Copy Her Exact Cat Eye At The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show
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December 1, 2016
Get Kendall Jenner's Exact Hairstyle At The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show
Victoria's Secret is known for their bombshell waves, but Kendall Jenner rocked a hairstyle with a bit of a modern twist — slightly less curly and more "bendy." Get the exact how to from her hairstylist below!
Kardashian Vaca


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This page has definitions of integration and cloud related acronyms and terms that I have touched with my blog posts. Below is not Wikipedia-style circumlocution, but short and efficient description. List is always under constructions as e.g. Microsoft pushes acronyms out on almost daily basis.
In EAI and B2B artifacts may include following items
- Non-functional requirements (e.g. performance requirements)
- Exception descriptions (what to do if unexpected event happens)
- Source and destination data schemas
- Data mapping tables including rules between schemas
- Business rules that are evaluated during integration orchestration
- Protocols and standards in use (like UBL 2.1)
BPIA – Business Process Integration and Automation
As intra-enterprise application integration (EAI) and inter enterprise integration (B2Bi) has become commodity in enterprise computing they are more often used from Business Process point-of-view. This has led to rise of Business Process Integration and Automation as major concept in enterprise computing.²
iPaaS – Integration Platform-as-a-Service
iPaaS is a cloud-powered integration platform. Pricing is typically a monthly fee based on messaging volumes or amount of integration and there are no licensing cost. As traditional on-premises integration platforms, also functionality and features of different cloud integration platforms vary a lot.
WABS – Windows Azure BizTalk Services
Windows Azure BizTalk Services is an extensible cloud-based integration service that provides Business-to-Business (B2B) and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) capabilities for delivering cloud and hybrid integration solutions. The service runs in a secure, dedicated, per-tenant environment that you can provision on demand.¹
WAAD – Windows Azure Active Directory
Windows Azure Active Directory is an identity and access management cloud solution. It combines core directory services, identity governance, security and application access management. Windows Azure Active Directory also offers to developers an identity management platform to deliver access control to their applications, based on centralized policy and rules.¹
WAMFA – Windows Azure Multi-factor Authentication
Mulfti-factor authentication is an extra layer of authentication, as well as a user's account credentials, to secure employee, customer, and partner access. Windows Azure Multi-Factor Authentication can be used for both on-premises and cloud applications. Multi-Factor Authentication delivers strong authentication via a range of easy options, including mobile apps, phone calls, and text messages, allowing users to choose the method that works best for them. Support for multiple methods ensures that users can always be reached for additional authentication.¹
WASB – Windows Azure Service Bus
Service Bus is a messaging solution for applications. It sits between components of your cloud app or between your cloud and on-premises applications and enables them to exchange messages in a loosely coupled way for improved scale and resiliency.¹
² http://student.bus.olemiss.edu/files/conlon/others/Others/__BookChapter_SocialMEsia_EBusiness/Conversation%20Support%20for%20Business%20Process%20Integration.pdf


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Game Shows are Winners With Your Guests Which Means a Jackpot for your Casino. Casinos can use our game shows for many things:
- Entertainment Stages
- Player Development
- Floor Promotions
- Traffic Building
- Private Events/Banquets
Benefits People love game shows Give them a chance to participate in a "Live" TV game show and you will reap the benefits. While we normally like to get a lot of people involved, in the case of Casino and other promotions, the stakes are usually higher, so the chance to be called and win real cash is always a draw. And the people who will stop makes it more worthwhile.
Game shows make a natural companion to all kinds of promotions and venue events because you can combine high energy emcees, powerful promotional announcements, attractive displays, fabulous prizes, and a competitive nature that excites your guests that can ultimately lead to incremental sales at a retail level.
How it works While we adapt to any situation, in a casino promotion, we suggest scheduling a "Game Show Month". Each week you will have your Player's Club register people for a chance to be called up to play the featured game show of the week for a chance to win the specified dollar amount that you specify. We (or you) will call names up to play the featured game.
We provide all of the technical and production design, the host, technical director, the props, and any necessary AV. Of course we conform with your gaming rules.
Note that we also adapt game show material to your audience and adjust the level of difficulty according to your needs. While no casino wants to give away money, we are sure you want to show your guests that prizes are being given away so they invest more time and money with you.


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Labor Management Institute's core business is education, research and consulting to healthcare and other organizations to address staffing, scheduling and other workforce management needs. We look at budgeting, scheduling, daily staffing and the management information systems, which enables managers to address such needs as excessive overtime, sick calls, other unexpected absenteeism, turnover, recruitment and retention.
5001 American Blvd. W | Suite 805, Bloomington, MN, 55437, United States


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VIENNA, June 3 (Reuters) - Russia has a long-term goal of maintaining oil production at current levels of around 10.5 million barrels per day and expects oil prices to fluctuate between $60 and $70 per barrel in the next three years, the country's energy minister said.
"Prices that we are seeing today are quite comfortable for the global oil industry and the market," Alexander Novak told a seminar in Vienna on Wednesday with OPEC oil ministers and chief executives of global oil majors.
(Reporting by Dmitry Zhdannikov; Editing by Dale Hudson)
Copyright 2017 Thomson Reuters. Click for Restrictions.
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Blue and Red Berry Smoothie
Recipe by MsSally
Yet another oatmeal smoothie. This is a great healthy breakfast full of antioxidents.
Top Review by Bev I Am
This is an excellent start to your morning! I was a little hesitant about having oatmeal in my smoothie, so I decided to give it a little grind on it's own in the blender before adding the rest of the ingredients. I made the recipe as directed, using fresh blueberries and also used an entire 6 oz container of Light Fat Free French Vanilla Yogurt. It was so good, I wanted a second! Thank you, MsSally!
See Discussion:19 Reviews
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄3 cup oatmeal
- 5 tablespoons non-fat vanilla yogurt
- 1⁄2 cup orange juice
- 1⁄2 cup frozen blueberries
- 6 frozen strawberries
Directions See How It's Made
- Blend till smooth. Enjoy with a straw.


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You Here : Home > Windows
C-Uneraser 3.21
OS Support:
WinXP, WinVista, WinVista x64, Win7 x32, Win7 x64, Win2000, Windows2000, Windows2003, Win Vista, Win98, WinME, Win95
Old version
June 3 2010
C-Uneraser 3.21
Unerase files and folders in a few easy steps! C-Uneraser makes file recovery safe, simple yet reliable. The convenient step-by-step wizard guides users through the entire process of discovering and undeleting lost files and folders, while C-Uneraser sophisticated data recovery engine allows for reliable detection and recovery of deleted and missing information even on badly damaged disks.
C-Uneraser is safe for novices while providing access to advanced features for computer experts. Its newly developed fully guided data recovery wizards allow new computer users to undelete files quickly and efficiently without the risk of an error. Classic Explorer-like user interface allows advanced computer users to access all the powerful features of C-Uneraser such as the ability to use ISO images, upload recovered files over FTP, or creating a virtual image of the disk being recovered.
Under the hood, C-Uneraser features a sophisticated data recovery engine that allows users to recover deleted files and data missing from the disk after a system accident, hard drive corruption, or an accidental reformatting. In order to provide the best possible recovery rate, the data recovery algorithm combines information it gathers from the file system with blocks of data it reads directly from the hard disk while performing the complete scan of the disk surface. This slow, comprehensive approach allows C-Uneraser to reliably detect and recover files that are completely invisible to many other data recovery tools.
C-Uneraser successfully undeletes erased files and deleted folders, recovers missing information from healthy, damaged, corrupted, formatted and inaccessible disks. Data recovery software supports all types of storage media including desktop and laptop hard drives, external disks, USB storage devices and memory cards formatted with all types and revisions of FAT and NTFS file systems. C-Uneraser supports all versions of Windows up to the latest Windows 7.
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Citrus kale salad is a bright, healthy side dish recipe that features baby kale, a more tender version of the thick kale used for kale chips. The citrus dressing is delicious!
I recently discovered baby kale at the grocery store. I was excited to see that there's more to kale than the big, tough greens I get from my farm share.
I noticed the baby kale on Star Market's new MyMixx, My Savings app. The app showed that Olivia's Organics greens were on sale for $2.50 a package, so I went exploring the Olivia's options during my trip to Star Market. I had never seen kale this small.
Baby kale is perfect for a raw salad recipe because it's so tender. This citrus kale salad pairs baby kale with oranges and a few veggies for good measure. The lemon lime dressing is bright and flavorful. This recipe is a powerhouse of nutrients, but it tastes sweet and refreshing. That makes it the ideal side dish in my book!
Citrus Kale Salad
$.96 per serving
- 6 cups baby kale
- 1 cup chopped red cabbage
- 1 cup thinly sliced radish
- 2 small oranges sliced and broken into segments
- 1 tbs lemon juice
- 1 tbs lime juice
- 2 tbs olive oil
- 1 tbs honey
- 1/2 tsp salt
In a large serving bowl, mix together the baby kale, red cabbage, radish, and orange segments.
In a small bowl or jar, stir together the dressing ingredients.
When ready to serve, pour some of the dressing over the salad and toss to coat. Taste and see if the salad needs more dressing. You'll probably have a little dressing left over. (Store it in the fridge for another day.)
Serve immediately.
Citrus Kale Salad Price Breakdown
This citrus kale salad costs a total of $5.76 to make, or $.96 per serving. For me, the sale price of $2.50 on the kale brought my actual cost down to $.71 per serving. Try this bright, delicious salad for a burst of nutrition and flavor.
Download the MyMixx app to get grocery savings right on your phone.
This is a sponsored conversation written by me on behalf of Star Market. The opinions and text are all mine.


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UK To Sell Public Buildings For One Pound
"Councils will be asked to identify unused sites, such as old hospitals, empty pubs and disused police stations."
"This plan follows the publication of a report by Lewisham Council chief executive Barry Quirk, which argues that handing public assets to communities leads to better services and stronger communities."
"Communities Secretary Ruth Kelly will argue that 'if you give local people more power, you'll get a better result'".
"The outcome is 'better services, greater satisfaction with the neighbourhood, and greater satisfaction with the local authority', she will say."


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Generally speaking, a career in Engineering would be most suited for people who love Math and Physics
Careers begin here
International admission information and career center
Generally speaking, a career in Engineering would be most suited for people who love Math and Physics
Biomedical Engineering, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Bio Engineering are good options for combining Biology and Engineering
Reading articles in our Gyan area will allow you to learn latest admission and career trends
If you are passionate about your subject, you can create a job that doesn't exist
The ideal way to find out if you wish to pursue a particular career is by doing internships in different fields. But not everyone has the opportunity to do internships and work in the real world. How then does one decide what field one should be in? Reading about different majors and careers gives one a good idea of whether or not a specific field interests them. Below you will find the most popular majors and after studying them in detail you will be in a better position to make a decision. The videos listen below will tell you a lot about the services we provide, test prep strategies and so on. Through the Gyan section below you will get access to the latest study abroad trends, loans and scholarships, visas and so on.
What it's about:
Animation majors learn a broad range of animation techniques, both traditional and contemporary. Your training covers a broad range of drawing, sound, acting, film, and storytelling skills, along with current software applications.
What the study of this major is like:
Do you enjoy telling stories? Do you love to draw? Do you visualize the characters and settings in some of the works you read? If so, animation might be a good major for you. The field of animation offers many ways to use your imagination, including writing stories, designing characters, and re-creating the worlds that the characters inhabit.
As an animation major, you'll first receive a firm grounding in the principles of art, and you'll explore a variety of ways to develop and tell stories. You then learn the techniques (practical as well as creative) of cinema and how to apply these techniques to both traditional and computer-assisted filmmaking.
As you advance in the program, you are introduced to various animation software packages (for example, 3D Studio Max and Maya for three-dimensional modeling and animation; Flash, Photoshop, and After Effects for compositing; Toonz for digital ink and paint). These and other software systems become part of your toolkit as you gain experience in making your own films. You'll finish with a fourth-year thesis film.
Your courses consists of lectures and demonstration, accompanied by many hours of practice in and out of the classroom. Early in the program, you concentrate on drawing, a skill that will help you master the more advanced techniques taught later on. Ideally, animation programs challenges you to enlarge your visual vocabulary and storytelling abilities. To do so, you should have a passion for your studies and a willingness to work long hours outside of class-qualities that will serve you well in the professional world.
All strong animation programs emphasize a solid foundation in art while also teaching skills and techniques that are in demand in the real world. Because there are a number of specialization within the animation business (for example, storyboard artist, character designer, and 3-D modeler), programs may differ in the concentrations they offer.
As you progress through the major, your assignments will become more complex and instructors will review your work periodically to see how well you are integrating the skills you have learned with your creative ideas. At some colleges, passing these reviews is a requirement for continuing in the major. Your final project, the thesis film, along with a portfolio, will serve as your "resume" in the industry.
Career options and trends:
Art director/production designer*; storyboard/concept artist*; background/layout designer, character designer, 3-D animator (computer)*; 2-D animator, stop-motion animator, game designer, production coordinator.
Jobs are increasingly freelance in nature, with staff hired from project to project. Some portions of productions are being outsourced overseas. Developing multiple skills will give you a competitive advantage, particularly during economic downturns. In addition to film, television, advertising, and advertising productions, there are opportunities in the creation of computer games and in Web design.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
Art history majors study how works of art were created, how they were interpreted by their first audiences, and what they mean to us now. Through visual analysis and extensive reading and writing, majors achieve an understanding of the context of majors achieve an understanding of the context of art-time, place, culture, influences, and traditions-and develop the ability to describe art and its meaning to others.
What the study of this major is like:
This major teaches you to differentiate among art-works by their style, materials, workmanship, and other characteristics. You can then identify (and seek to understand) the artists, cultures, and/or periods that produced the works. In addition, you consider how individual works of art and groups of works may express or symbolize ideas or emotions. Like archaeologists and anthropologists examining artifacts, you explore what a work of art reveals about a society's culture, rituals, and other aspects of civilization. Often your discover that the art's original value and meaning resulted from its connection to specific religious, political, or social practice.
In your first and second years, you generally take introductory art history courses, along with liberal arts courses in science, English, math, and history. Because art varies widely among societies (both past and present), art is often studied in association with a particular time and place (for example, Renaissance art, East African art). Thus the study of art generally includes some account of the religious, political, economic, literary, and intellectual history of the culture in which a work was created. You will read about art patrons, critics, and viewers, as well as artists. Frequent field trips to local museums augment classroom slide presentations.
After the introductory courses, you take smaller lecture courses that explore art in more detail. Seminars help you develop and refine advanced skills in research and presentation. In your fourth year, you usually have the option of writing a thesis under the direction of a faculty member. Many art history majors also take courses in area related to their particular interests, such as history, anthropology, or literature. In addition, many study two or more years of a foreign language as a way of understanding other cultures.
Art history majors usually enjoy the benefits of working in a relatively small department where your needs can be dealt with individually. Study-abroad programs are common, and you should have opportunities to participate in internships at museums, galleries, and historic sites. Keep in mind, however, that while internships in museums are attractive, many involve work in education departments that may be isolated from the museum's curatorial activity. Smaller museums often offer more interesting opportunities. Commercial galleries may hire some summer staff, although summer is generally their slow period.
Career options and trends:
Teacher (college or high school); museum curator*; museum management/staff (education, installation, registrar, etc.)*; commercial gallery operator/assistant*; art editor; art appraiser.
Art history majors graduate with a liberal arts degree that has trained them in observation, analysis, and communication. This preparation may qualify you for many jobs in business and government. A master's degree is generally required for employment in museums, archives, auction houses, and galleries, and for teaching in high school; a Ph.D. is essential for positions as museum curators and directors, and as instructors at the college level. Art conservation usually requires specialized training and knowledge of chemistry.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
This major prepares you to work in all aspects of film/or video production, producing, media writing, production management, directing, lighting, cinematography and/or videography, editing, and sound recording and mixing. The major also provides a strong foundation in media literacy, history, and theory.
What the study of this major is like:
Terms used in film and/or video production can be confusing. Although "film" programs traditionally use motion picture cameras and celluloid (film) to capture images, they are increasingly incorporating digital video. "Video" generally refers to single-cam-era production using either analog or digital videotape, and is similar to filmmaking in the way its production is organized.
Most programs is cinematography/film/video provide a mix of media studies and production courses. In media studies, you explore film and video history, theory, and analysis. You learn the language, theories, and politics of using images and sound to communicate. Because media making is a social and cultural practice that overlaps with many other disciplines, most programs require a foundation in liberal arts. In production courses, you are taught basic techniques: the creative use of lenses, lighting, cameras, and film stock; the theory and practice of editing; and the art and technology of sound design and recording. Once you master the basics, you move on the intermediate and advanced production work. In many programs, you studies culminate in a thesis project, which often becomes part of a demo reel-a viewable collection of your work-that can help you in your job search.
Programs may offer concentrations in one or more areas, such as editing or cinematography. In all programs, you can expect to work as a crew member on other students' projects. By crewing for other students, you can focus in one area of production or expand your skills in several areas. For example, if you are interested in sound design, you can volunteer, to record and mix students' projects. You should seek as much practical production experience as possible because anything you work on can be included in your demo reel.
In media studies, most courses consist of both lectures and screenings, and assignments include writing research papers. Typical production courses require two two-hour lectures and one two-hour lab per week. Labs, which have fewer students than lectures do, involve hands-on learning and the screening of student projects. You generally shoot required projects outside of class.
The cinematography and film/video production major is time-intensive. You often work on projects during the evenings and on weekends. Because you're most likely to get a job through skill and experience, you should take advantage of all on- and off-campus opportunities, such as volunteering at a public TV station, and also seek internships or media jobs in the summer. Students sometimes earn course credit for participation in extracurricular activities.
This major can be costly, because you will probably have to buy some of the gear. While all programs provide major equipment, most expect you to purchase your own light meter, computer hard drive, and film/tape stock and to pay for film lab services. But there is always a market for used equipment, and you can often purchase items at reduced cost from graduating majors.
Some cinematography/film/video programs emphasize production for "the industry," while others focus on film/video as an art form. Commercially oriented programs use Hollywood production techniques and tend to stress narrative fiction or broadcast news; little attention is given to avant-garde work. An arts-oriented program, in contrast, challenges you to explore your own vision and may also emphasize experimental or documentary production. Most programs strive for a balance. Some programs emphasize individual production and require you to write, direct, and edit your own projects. Other programs operate on a crew-oriented basis: only a few student projects are picked for production, and the other students crew on these films.
Career options and trends:
Independent film/videomaking*; camera operator, director of photography*; sound editor, designer, mixer; apprentice or assistant editor; production assistant*; producer; director or assistant director; production manager, screenwriter.
Employment in the industry depends on ability, as evidenced in a demo reel, or in previous jobs or internships, rather than on a college degree. However, college training is often the best way to acquire job-qualifying skills, contacts, hands-on experience, and a demo reel. Technical positions other than entry-level ones may require membership in a union or guild.
The job market in film/video is competitive. There are far more job seekers than positions, but that should not discourage you from pursing this major. Students who commit to the profession, who excel in the production skills, who develop a good work ethic, and who are attentive and enthusiastic do get jobs. Moreover, the field as a whole is projected to grow as the entertainment market expands and computer and the Internet provide opportunities for interactive productions.
Small or independent filmmakers may provide the best job prospects for beginners, because they are likely to grow more quickly as digital technology cuts production costs.
Many graduates do not hold full-time or staff jobs but work freelance; but even those who work on a television series can have months of downtime each year.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
Culinary arts and chef training programs prepare you for a career in the food service industry as a chef, executive chef, pastry chef, restaurant manager, food and beverage director, food service director, or restaurateur. Chefs today are managers of people, products, and facilities. They have a responsibility to provide quality food and experiences in a safe, sanitary environment.
What the study of this major is like:
Training to be a chef requires discipline. The filed demands a strong work ethic; empathy; a dedication to excellence; and self-assessment, organizational, multitasking, and timing abilities. A successful chef is good at following through on projects, always aware that the job must get done.
Like many academic programs, programs in culinary arts require dedication to research, reading, writing, and computation. However, as a chef-in-training, you must work long hours, under the critical eye of instructors and the dining public. Most colleges insist you follow the conservative uniform and grooming standards of the industry. In chef training programs, you work with others, performing as part of a team, and you are evaluated and receive critiques as a group member. At most colleges you will spend 15-40 hours a week in the kitchen (depending on the semester), beginning as early as 5 a.m. and often working into the evening. At the same time, you must complete assignments for courses in cooking, liberal arts, and management.
Training programs include internships that can be anywhere in the country. Traditionally, internships are paid positions, although some are not. Most students use these real-world experiences as a way to obtain permanent jobs after graduation.
Many colleges offer degrees in culinary arts and related services. As you investigate the schools you are considering, keep in mind their philosophies and methodologies. Most programs require hands-on experience, although some emphasize it more strongly than others. In some programs, general education course are optional. Other programs include both cooking and liberal arts courses.
Recently, some colleges have started offering bachelor's degrees in culinary arts. Besides stressing the technical skills that can make you a successful chef, they encourage you to be a decision maker, team builder, manager, and leader.
If you think you'd like to be a chef, you should pursue a balanced education. A chef must understand the finances of an operation, be well read and able to design restaurant menus that match a profiled guest, know how environments affect human behaviour, and be a good communicator.
Career options and trends:
Cook; sous chef; executive chef; food and beverage director; restaurant manager; restaurateur.
Increasingly, serious chefs are seeking certification through the American Culinary Federation as chef de cuisine, executive chef, pastry chef, or master chef. A certificate in sanitation from the National Restaurant Association is also useful.
Since dining out has become essential to the American lifestyle, the culinary business continues to grow, even during tough economic times. Job opportunities are expected to be about average through 2018. Finding a position should not be difficult, although many positions are part-time, resulting in high turnover rates as people leave the profession for full-time positions. Competition should be keen for jobs in the top kitchens of higher end restaurants which pay better but have low turnover.
A bachelor's degree is becoming the standard for positions at the chef level, and within the next decade or so, a master's degree may be necessary. The major companies are winning the battle for customers, so even though 80 percent of the restaurants in the United States are privately owned, restaurants chains have the ability and cash flow to reward their employees. The chains are therefore likely to offer the most career opportunities.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
Dance majors learn to use their bodies in motion as instruments of artistic expression. As a major, you receive intensive training in the art of dance, in a liberal arts context, to prepare you for a career as a dancer or a choreographer. You'll study dance from several perspectives: technical, choreographer, aesthetic, historical, anatomical, cultural, anthropological, and therapeutic.
What the study of this major:
To pursue a B.F.A. degree in dance, you will take a number of studio courses in technique, choreography, partnering, company repertoire, main stage performances, and notation-a curriculum that trains students to become performing and creative artists.
In contrast, a B.A. degree in dance, which emphasizes courses in liberal arts subjects such as English, history, literature, and music, can prepare you for a career as a performing and creative artist and as a dance educator, administrator, historian, or critic. The B.A. is usually stronger preparation if you plan to go on to grad school or simply want to have more career option.
The B.A. program usually requires a minimum of 12 credit hours in ballet, modern, as jazz dance technique courses. In-depth training in technique is essential, but a breadth of experience is also important. Technique courses may include other kinds of dance, such as ethnic, folk, social, tap, historic, or character dance.
Course work in anatomy and kinesiology (the anatomical study of movement) will enhance your technical skills by teaching you how the body moves and how to avoid injury. Courses in rhythmic analysis, percussion accompaniment, and music resources sharpen your sensitivity to rhythm and help you find or create appropriate accompaniment for your choreography. In dance notation courses, you analyze movement and record it, and read movement scores. In a course on dance philosophy, you may learn principles of aesthetics that you can apply to choreography. And when you study dance history, you'll be encouraged to develop an appreciation for dance as an innate (inborn) and universal form of human expression.
Dance majors should expect to choreograph throughout college-at first, simple dance studies and improvisation; then, later, at least one fully staged work. You learn to design costumer, to light dances, and to help produce concerts. You also learn to work cooperatively with others, to direct, to evaluate choreography (including your own), and to accept and benefit from criticism.
And you perform! Some performances are informal presentations for teachers and classmates; other are theater productions before the public. If possible, take advantage of courses on teaching methods. Although many professional dancers may not plan to teach, almost all eventually do.
Daily classes in dance technique, rehearsals, and performances will cut deeply into your study time for academic subjects. To be a successful dance major, you need to have time management and stress management skills, the ability to focus clearly on the task at hand, and a commitment to produce quality work under deadline pressure.
At some colleges, the dance major is housed in the department of physical education rather than a department of fine arts, dance, or theater. Such programs usually emphasize kinesiology, physiology of exercise, health science, nutrition, and physical therapy.
Career options and trends:
Professional dancer and/or choreographer; dance teacher; dance critic; dance scientist/kinesiologist/physical therapist; dance historian/reconstructor; dance arts administrator; dance therapist.
Certification is required for teaching, and physical therapists and dance therapists are licensed health professionals with graduate degrees in their fields.
The field is overcrowded with professional dancers and choreographers-only the most talented find regular employment. Many performance opportunities depend on funding from public and private organization; such support it not expected to keep up with rising production costs. On the other hand, there is a great need for dance educators in public and private elementary and secondary schools. There are few positions in dance criticism or dance therapy; but opportunities are expanding in the fields of dance/arts administration, dance science, dance history and reconstruction, and dance kinesiology (which usually require a master's degree.)
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
Digital art majors use the computer as the primary means of making art, including interactive installations, digital photography, animation, sound and video. Students are trained in various software applications and technical skills along with the fundamentals of studio art, such as drawing, design, and color theory.
What the study of this major is like:
Digital artists make art in inventive ways, using any form of digital technology available. In this major you will gain both the artistic skills and the technological expertise you'll need to create hybrid art forms, and to stretch the boundaries of what art can be.
In a typical four-year program, the sequence of courses usually begins with foundation classes such as drawing, design, and color theory. You'll also take an intro course in which you study the history of the computer's use in art and learn basic programming skills.
In subsequent classes these foundational skills are incorporated with technologies that include interactive art and design, time-based media (sound, video and animation) and web design. Some programs offer internships as elective. Seniors usually take one or two capstone classes or complete a senior project, thesis or portfolio.
This is a time-intensive major-you should expect to work very long hours. Successful students usually spend most of the day and night working in the labs. Most courses are project based with a series of assignments that teach practical skills while you complete a finished product such as a video or animation.
Some classes involve team projects to simulate real world commercial jobs. Team projects also accelerate learning-when you work in the lab or studio with other students rather than on your own, you learn much more as you help each other solve problems. When everything works right you learn a little; when things go wrong and you have to figure out why, you learn a lot.
Like most other art programs, you will also learn from critiques of your work by peers and professors.
As you explore colleges, you'll see that some house this major in the computer science department. Such programs emphasize the programming side of the field, and usually require applicants to have strong math skills. Other colleges will house the major in the art department, and while computer proficiency is expected, they will be more interested in seeing a portfolio of your basic art skills.
Some programs combine courses from different academic department. These programs incorporated aspects of visual and performing arts, computer science, and cultural theory. The goal of an interdisciplinary approach is to give you a broad-based artistic, technical and theoretical background that will prepare you to work in various media and adapt to rapidly changing technologies. Other programs focus more on providing training in current software applications or a particular media, such as computer animation, game art or computer music.
Most programs will allow you to specialize in a particular area or opt for a more comprehensive study of the discipline. Keep in mind that in the digital world, what is state-of-the-art today will be old hat tomorrow. It's best to look for a program that balances practical training with the fundamental concepts that will prepare you for a life-long career.
Two-year associate degree programs in digital art provide training in computer graphics, sound, and animation, and prepare you for technical support positions in the field or for transfer to four-year programs.
Careers to options and trends:
Animator*; video artist; graphic artist/designer*;game designer*; illustrator; special effect artist; web designer.
This field is expanding and always changing-many student and up doing things that they never heard of as freshmen. Until recently degree requirements were minimal to nonexistent in the game industry; but with more colleges offering this major, more companies will look for graduates with a degree in the field.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that through 2018, multimedia artists and animators should have more job opportunities than most other types of artists.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
The major in drama and theater arts cover many aspects of staged plays, including theater history, literature, and criticism; acting and directing; lighting, scenery, and costume design; stage management; playwriting; and art administration. Your may specialize in one area while you obtain a broad foundation in many of the other areas.
What the study major is like:
The first thing to decide is whether to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree. In a B.A. program, you gain a broader education, but may have difficulty competing with B.F.A. graduates in the professional world. But although the B.F.A. prepares you more rigorously for a theatrical profession, you may be less able to explore other areas of interest while you're in college.
You can generally choose from a wide variety of theater-related courses. In dramatic arts courses, you study dramatic style and structure, theories of criticism, and the functions of theater artists, technicians, and managers. Theater history and dramatic literature courses cover Western theater from ancient Greece to the twentieth century. In directing courses, you learn how to analyze a script's style, form, and action, with the goal of translating the text into a staged production.
Introductory acting courses teach the fundamentals of relaxation, trust, sensory awareness, group interaction, and reaction, and response. Improvisations, group exercises, and monologues are usually included. In advanced acting courses, you generally do scene work of increasing complexity in various classical and contemporary styles.
In courses in speech and voice, you practice phrasing, dialect, and breath control. Stage movement (sometimes taught as dance) develops relaxation and expressiveness. Theater history and criticism courses, often taught as lectures, involve considerable reading, discussion, and paper writing. Design and production courses are typically more hands-on; usually the lecture portion is coordinated with a laboratory session in which you work with tools and materials. For a concentration in arts administration, you study business and public relations/communications, in addition to taking theater courses.
Theater students and faculty members are typically opinionated and creative; class discussions and projects can be high-spirited. To add to the excitement, you may study, in a single day, contemporary theater in an acting course, and end by rehearsing a performance art piece.
But the wide range of work is not only a blessing; if you do not have good organizational skills and time management skills, it can also be a curse. The greatest challenge that majors face is being committed to too many production projects. You must be able to withstand the rigors of nightly rehearsals, while still participating fully in your classes. Developing time management skills and the ability to take care of yourself (proper eating and sleeping) may be the most important thing you can do to ensure success as a drama and theater arts major.
The presence of a graduate theater program at an institution may have both advantages and disadvantages. Faculty members connected with a graduate program tend to be more high-powered, and production standards tend to be more professional. On the other hand, the graduate program may overshadow the undergraduate program. The size of a program may also make a big difference: larger programs may offer a greater variety of courses and more chances to act, direct, and design, whereas at smaller colleges, there may be more production opportunities.
Career options and trends:
Actor, director, technician, or designer*; drama teacher; business manager, marketer, or publicist for theater*; arts educator at regional theaters*.
Competition for jobs is fierce in the performance segment of the industry. Versatility in one way to expand your career possibilities. Although technicians and arts administrators usually find more work than actors, directors, and designers, all theater student should be able to multitask. For example, touring companies might hire actors who have the technical skills to set up and strike, or take down, a set. Regional theaters may hire graduates to teach in their educational programs or to participate in work-shops or other short-term projects. Taking jobs in related areas can often open doors for future work in your specialty.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
This major prepares you for a career as a designer of commercial fashions, clothing, and accessories. You are trained in all aspects of fashion design, including sketching, creative design, computer applications, draping, and flat pattern drafting. You also learn how to communicate design ideas through storyboards and fashion shows, and how to work effectively in a diversified, global industry.
What the study of this major is like:
The fashion and apparel design major is generally hands-on, immersing you in a working environment from day one. From sketching to pattern making, you explore the many areas of design, under the instruction of industry professionals.
In your lower-level courses, you are introduced to figure-sketching techniques and to pattern drafting. In later courses, you explore such topics as color and design theory; textiles; and industry practices, including fashion groups, storyboards, and the development of collections. In computer-aided design (CAD) work, you learn how to design garments and construct patterns using techniques that are wide-spread throughout the industry. Most programs require a capstone course in which you develop a complete collection. This is the final course you take, and it prepares you to begin interviewing for jobs. You should leave the program with a comprehensive portfolio and real-world experience.
Expect to work hard; majors sometimes have to pull all-nighters to complete their projects. Fashion and apparel design is a highly technical industry that requires attention to detail and patience. Measurements must be exact, sketches must be proportional, and patterns must be precisely. Majors often find that the technical requirements are the most challenging. But programs are developed with these challenging. But programs are developed with these challenges in mind, and you generally have step-by-step guidance.
You will find many two-year fashion design programs leading to an associate degree, and some four-year programs leading to a bachelor's degree. The fashion design curriculum is similar in the two programs, but the first two years of B.A. programs provide a broad liberal arts background.
Programs can also be categorized by type of approach: training-based and theory-based. Elements of both types are essential for success in the industry. In the training approach, you have more opportunity to practice the skills you study in the classroom. As you construct garments from start to finish, you absorb the nuances of design, discover and solve problems, and perfect your technique. A theory-based education, in contrast, gives you a broader understanding of the industry as a whole-its history and its future.
Career options and trends:
Designer or assistant designer; pattern maker; grader; visual merchandiser, textile designer, technical designer; illustrator; stylist; costume designer. As the fashion industry incorporates computer technology into every aspect of design, traditional ways of creating garments are being revolutionized. Majors in fashion should become proficient in as many of the software programs used in the fashion industry as possible. Since two-thirds of salaried fashion designers work in either New York or California, a willingness to relocate may be necessary.
As in all design fields, fashion majors face a lot of competition. Demand for designers should remain strong, however, because style-conscious consumers will always want something new to wear. The best opportunities will be in design firms that specialize in stylish, affordable, mass market clothing; opportunities will be limited in firms that cater to more specialized, higher-end customers.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
Students majoring in the fine and studio arts learn to create images, objects, and environments using a variety of techniques and media. As you work on a number of structured assignment and independent studio projects, you sharpen your visual understanding and enhance your critical-thinking skills. Most likely, you will begin with an introduction to design and then choose a medium, such as photography of ceramics, for focused study.
What the study of this major is like:
Art classes in this major take place in studios outfitted with the equipment you'll need for a particular medium, such as charcoal drawing or woodworking. Your instructors are practicing, exhibiting artists and designers. In most programs, a basic design course is a prerequisite for upper-level courses. You will probably be required to take a series of art history courses as well, although some colleges emphasize art history more than others. By designing and producing artwork of your own and by studying the work of others, you learn to understand the ideas, values, motives, and vocabulary of artists, and you develop an appreciation of the way art was, and is, created and the important social and cultural role it plays.
Art schools offer a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree, while liberal arts colleges usually offer a Bachelor of Arts. Both degrees have their strengths. A B.F.A program allows you to become immersed in art. Classes tend to be three or four hours long. After completing foundation courses in your first two years, you focus on your concentration (for example, painting, sculpture) for two or three years before graduating. In contrast, a B.A. program allows you to maintain a focus on art but also explore other serious interests-which are likely to serve as inspiration for the images and objects you will create. B.A. classes are generally shorter, around two hours. When you graduate, you might have done only one or two years of independent work (less than in the B.F.A. program), but you have benefited from and exposure to a multitude of issues and ideas.
Not all studio programs offer the same choices of media. Even in a single medium like painting, the philosophy of programs can differ greatly. Some colleges stress conceptual or contemporary references to shape the curriculum. Others might emphasize the traditional materials and techniques. It may be useful to review images of student and faculty work, which are often available on a college's Web site.
As a major, you balance structured, in-class assignments with independent, outside work. Instead of term papers and exams, you receive feedback through individual and group critiques and portfolio reviews, in which you learn to take and give criticism. You are encouraged to read art magazines and be aware of current exhibitions in galleries and museums. A good student learns to work steadily throughout the semester. In the studio, don't expect to cram to make up for lost time; creativity cannot be rushed. You spend long hours and many late night working. In effect, the studio becomes your second home and part of your social life.
While in the program, you can seek employment in galleries, studio apprenticeships to artists, and internships in architecture firms or museums. Both the B.A. and B.F.A. prepare you for continuing work toward a Master of Fine Arts. The major also provides preparation for a fulfilling career as a practicing artist or commercial designer.
Career options and trends:
Art teacher*; commercial artist: museum curator; architect; gallery preparatory*; art therapist; studio artist; art editor or critic; art restorer/conservator, art director or administrator*.
A master's degree is generally required for employment in museums and galleries, and a Ph.D. (usually in art history) is required for positions as museum curators and directors. A master's in art education is the usual requirement for teaching in high school, and a master of fine arts (M.F.A.) for teaching at the college level. Art restoration and conservation usually requires specialized training and knowledge of chemistry.
Making a living solely from producing art is extremely difficult; most working artists have a side-line. One source of employment is the growing number of city and country arts councils that need staff for a variety for position, including management and teaching; art therapy is also a growing field, but it required further specialized education.
The interface between computers and art is the most important trend, for both creating art and teaching art. Illustrators are increasingly using technology, which has created new opportunities to work with animators, game designers, and in broadcast media.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
The major in fisheries explores the biology and ecology of fishes and other aquatic species; the bodies of water that are their habitats; and the human use, management, and production of aquatic species. Courses cover both basic science and applied aspects of commercial and recreational fishing activities.
What study of this major is like:
Fisheries management is a science-based field that requires you to understand and apply principles of biology, ecology, statistics, and social sciences. Professionals who work in fisheries management do not simply sample, assess, and stock fish populations; they also improve habitats for certain species to protect biodiversity (for example, helping endangered species recover) and interact with the public. Fisheries managers must also be able to communicate technical information in person and in writing.
You begin your studies by establishing a strong foundation in fields such as biology, chemistry, mathematics, and English. You will also probably take an introductory course in natural resources management in your first year. Your second-year studies generally include plant and evolutionary biology, physical sciences, and social sciences, with an introduction to principles of fisheries and wildlife management. Through your first two years, the prime method of instruction is lecture, supplemented by laboratories in biology and chemistry and some field-work in natural resources management. Many majors tend to feel most challenged by course work in chemistry and calculus.
In your third and fourth years, course content becomes more fisheries-oriented; fieldwork and hands-on learning is more important. Your third year generally includes foundation courses, such as field techniques, ichthyology (the study of fishes), and key courses as freshwater ecology, human dimensions of fisheries and wildlife management, aquaculture, and a capstone course in fisheries management. The capstone course generally combines everything you have learned; groups of students devise action plans for solving real-world problems in fisheries management. In your third and fourth years, classes are smaller and you have more opportunities to interact personally with your professors and with other majors. In fact, major typically study in groups and socialize after hours. Many of them enroll in the local chapter of a professional society and begin to feel part of the profession.
You will be encouraged to learn from practical experience by volunteering to help graduate students with fieldwork or laboratory work, by participating in internships in fisheries management agencies or nongovernmental organizations, or by conducting independent research projects. In these activities, you can identify and explore areas of technical specialization. You can also establish professional contacts that may prove helpful if you look for an entry-level position after graduation: Of students graduating with bachelor's degrees, roughly one-quarter move on to graduate studies and three-quarters obtain entry-level jobs in the field.
Some of the programs emphasize fisheries science, which encourage you to solve management problems by understanding fish ecology. Science-based programs are essential if you are considering going to graduate school and pursuing a challenging career in fisheries science. Other programs stress instruction in practical fisheries management and aim to product entry-level managers for state or federal fisheries management agencies. Programs may also differ in the amount of hand-on learning available and in the opportunities for participation in research and internships. Often, universities with graduate programs in fisheries offer more opportunities for learning outside formal classes.
Career options and trends:
Fisheries manager*; conservation officer; fish ecologist; fish culturist*; endangered species management officer; environmental consultant; fisheries research scientist; fisheries and wildlife journalist.
Many state and federal fisheries management agencies require their employees to become certified fisheries scientists under program administered by the American Fisheries Society. Certification requires formal education and professional experience. Although entry-level jobs can be obtained with a bachelor's degree, an advanced degree will lead to a more rewarding career.
Not all jobs focus on management of sport and commercial fisheries, and many address recovery of endangered species, public education, development of public policy, and other areas. Most jobs in fisheries combine physical work outdoors with intellectual engagement-that talents, skills, and energies of fisheries managers seldom go unused.
Private-sector employment has grown in response to our increased awareness of environmental issues. Fisheries professionals are employed by environmental consulting firms, forest products companies, public utilities, and conservation groups. Aqua culturists can work in both public agencies and private firms.
Employment of captains and crews in the fishing industry is declining, because of foreign competition, stock depletion, and habitat destruction. The good news is that these same factors should spur demand for professionals trained in fisheries science and management.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
The graphic design major is about visual communication-how it is created and how it is perceived. Graphic designers plan and create print, film, and electronic communications composed of images and typography; their work ranges from books to multimedia programs, CD covers to film titles, logos to Web sites.
What study of this major is like:
Graphic design programs vary widely from colleges to college, and a course title in a catalog does not necessarily describe the course content. But regardless to content distribution or course names, the graphic design major should prepare you to solve design problems; understand audiences; handle tools and technology (including offset printing, photography, and interactive media); apply concepts such as visual organization, information hierarchy, symbolic representation, and aesthetics; understand design history, theory, and criticism from a variety of perspective (including art history, linguistics, and communication and information theory); and know basic business practices (such as organizing design projects and working productively with teams).
If you expect to go into advertising, you should enroll in a program that includes additional course work in marketing, audience and/or user evaluation, art direction, copywriting, and communications theory. If you want to work in time-based or interactive media, select programs with additional courses in storyboarding, computer scripting, sound editing, and interface design. For a career in planning and strategy development, seek programs that teach team problem solving; systems analysis; writing for business; and the application of management, communications, and information theories.
As a graphic design major, you learn primarily by completing hands-on projects in classes of 15-25 students. Design majors work long hours and must be self-motivated. Assignments are usually open-ended, with many right answers; they require you to think through different approaches and a variety of solutions. Your work is then evaluated by your classmates and instructors, based on how well you fulfilled the requirement of the assignment and on whether you showed an understanding of the audience and the context for which the item was intended. This approach is frequently used in all design and studio courses, and you have to learn not to take the criticism personally.
Exhibitions, auctions of visual work, costume balls, and design competitions are extracurricular activities in most colleges. Most design profession through clubs, portfolio reviews, field trips, internships, sponsored projects, or conferences. Generally, design programs have strong networks of graduates who can help you make the transition from college to work.
According to the accreditation requirements of the National Association of Schools of Art and Design, a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in graphic design requires at least 65 percent of your course to be studio art and design instruction, with at least 25 percent of those courses to be specifically related to graphic design. The B.F.A. is considered to be the professional degree for graphic design practice. In Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science programs (B.A., B.S.), you will find a higher percentage of general education/liberal arts courses, and a smaller percentage of graphic design courses as part of the total art and design requirements. Two-year associate degree programs prepare you for technical support positions in the field and for transfer to four-year programs in degree.
Career options and trends:
Art director*; graphic designer in design group or studio*; interactive/multimedia designer*; Web designer *; illustrator; exhibition designer; advertising agent; package designer; designer; design strategist/planner; print production pre-press designer.
In a knowledge-based economy, those who make information comprehensible are valued. Success in the field of graphic design depends on talent, education, and work ethic, and students who graduate at the top of their class find jobs. Rapid technological change has created specializations in the field; as a result, specialist are in demand and more graphic designers are likely to obtain a graduate degree.
Increasingly, basic layout and design work is being outsourced to design firms overseas. Higher-level graphic design jobs that focus on "strategic design"-developing communication strategies for clients and firms-require proximity and will remain in the United States. Graphic designers with skills in Web site design and animation will have the best opportunities, as will those with knowledge or experience in marketing and business.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
This major provides academic preparation for professional practice as an interior designer. You learn how to create indoor environments that are both beautiful and functional; they are intended to improve the quality of life, increase productivity, and protect the health and safety of the public.
What the study of this major is like:
Interior design majors study all aspects of the built environment: scale, proportion, arrangement, light sources, acoustics, temperature, textures, colors, and materials. Because interior design projects are complex, you learn to employ a systematic process, you balance the client's needs and resources, on the one hand, with the goal of creating safe, attractive, and practical interior, on the other.
To design successful interior environments, you must be trained in building construction, materials specification, lighting techniques, technical drawing, and business practices. You learn to analyze problem areas; develop detailed design solutions; and organize and oversee the project to completion. You must be familiar with building codes and fire regulations. And because interior designers usually function as members of a team rather than as individual designers, you need to be able to work well with other professionals.
Programs usually consist of a series of design courses that culminate in a senior thesis. Generally, studio courses use a hands-on approach; the professor presents a problem and you work on a solution, discussing and evaluating your progress with the instructor. As you advance through the program, you will be expected to demonstrate increasing skill in tackling such problems.
Undergraduate majors receive a generalized education in interior design. Nevertheless, some programs may emphasize architecture or environmental design, whereas others stress fine arts or family and consumer science. Programs with an architectural focus generally concentrate on three-dimensional design, construction practices, and large-scale commercial projects. These programs tend to prepare you for wok in large architectural and interior design firms. Programs that concentrate on fine arts or family and consumer sciences usually focus on the decorative aspects of the field-fixtures and furniture, selection and layout, and coordination of finishes. Also some programs feature residential design, while others highlight commercial and/or institutional design. However, standards ensure that all accredited programs prepare you for entry-level professional work in either residential or commercial/institutional design.
Career options and trends:
Interior designer*; furniture designer; lighting designer; facilities manager; real estate broker; trade show exhibit designer, product representative.
Interior designers work for interior design firms, architectural firms, department and home furnishing stores, theme parks and resorts, and hotel and restaurant chains. Some designers do freelance work full-time, part-time, or in addition to a salaried job. Beginning designers usually receive on-the-job training and normally need one to three years of apprenticeship before they advance to higher-level positions.
Ergonomics and "green design" are trends to watch. Ergonomic design is important for an aging population and workplace safety, and concerns for environmental quality and the needs of people with allergies and asthma are driving demand for green design.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
The music performance major allows you to achieve a high level of technical proficiency and musical sensitivity. You are trained to play a musical instrument or to sing professionally both as a solo and ensemble performer.
What the study of major is like:
Most music performance majors have already taken part in musical activities in high school, except perhaps for singers, whose a "instrument" are not available until their voices mature. Most programs test new student to determine their background and skills. Tests may include an audition and both a written and an oral exam. If you lack necessary skills, you may have to enrol in catch-up courses.
In addition to performance work and related instruction, the major include core courses in music theory literature, and history. Traditionally, you attend weekly private lessons in your chosen instrument (or in voice) with your concentration instructor. You also participate in master classes, studio recitals, and solo recitals. Instrumentalists take part in chamber music coaching and performances; vocalist take part in opera coaching, workshops, and performance; and all students participate in rehearsals and large-ensemble performances.
In music theory and aural skills courses, you study harmony, rhythm, counterpoint, sight singing, ear training, melodic and harmonic dictation, improvisation, and analysis of musical structure. Mastering theory and aural skills helps you understand the way a piece of music is put together. In music history and literature courses, you will survey music through the ages and explore books and documents related your concentration. Other courses may cover repertoire, music education, conducting, composition, and jazz studies.
Voice concentrates may need to take Italian, German, Russian, and/or languages of many operas. Nonpiano concentrates must take an introduction to keyboard harmony. And almost all performance programs require you to do 25–50 percent of your courses work in the liberal arts. Therefore, you must come to college with the same study skills, writing skills, and academic background as liberal arts majors.
For performance majors, time is precious; large blocks of it (besides the hours you spend in classes and studying) must be set aside for solitary practice. When you are not off practicing and studying, you often perform both on and off campus and participate in competitions – leaving you very little free time. Your social life will probably center on a small group of friend who share your goals and serve as a support group.
Among various colleges, striking differences may exist in mission and atmosphere. For example, a single- purpose conservatory that enrols top students will differ significantly from a four-year liberal arts college. Professionally oriented performance schools sometimes foster intense competition. Whereas some students thrive in such an environment, others prefer a less intense, more nurturing educational setting. You should examine your options carefully to find the right fit.
Career options and trends:
Orchestral musician; solo musician; ensemble musician (string quarter, jazz trio, etc.); church musician; orchestra or opera company manager, music technician/producer; music teacher (private); music teacher (public school or college); music therapist.
Performing arts are risky career choices, because they are competitive and compensation for artist is notoriously low. The recording industry is reporting a downturn in sales and earnings, and symphony orchestras and opera companies are facing decreased contribution, endowment income, and ticket sales.
Longer term, the pendulum will swing the other way and conditions should improve all around. All signs point to a future with plenty of audience for the work of performers. Teaching music shows promise, as there has been no falloff in the desire to study music. The American string Teachers Association (ASTA) projects a need for 5,000 string teachers over the next several years.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
This major consists of two related areas of study – music theory is the study of the materials, processes, and structures of music. in some institutions, the two are combined into a single major; in other institutions, they are separate.
What the study of this major is like:
As a music theory and composition major, you learn to understand and discipline of music theory can be compared with subjects such as linguistics and psychology: you explore the principles that help determine the results, whether in music, or in human behaviour and language. Studying music composition is similar to studying creative writing: you combine knowledge of the principles and techniques with imagination to produce a work of art.
In beginning theory courses, you will read works on the topic by leading scholars (for example, Rameau, Schenker, Forte) When you first take composition, you may study under the guidance of a master teacher, who sets tasks or goals for you and then analyses your work and suggests possible improvement. For both theory and music composition, you typically examine the literature – including scholarly writings and original score – and enhance your musical skills. Advanced composition courses usually offer you more opportunities for creative expression.
Musical skills courses include ear training and sight signing, and training in voice or in your instrument. Like all music majors, you participate in a student ensemble, band, choir, or other group. You cannot become a good musician.
Although some programs combine music theory and composition in a single major, other programs adders them separately. But differences among individual professors of music theory and of composition are usually more significant than differences among programs. To figure out which program is probably best for you, you should talk to professors about their teaching style and expectations.
Career options and trends:
a bachelor's degree in this major dose not prepare student for specific careers, except possibly as a private teacher, middle, and high school requires a music education degree and state certification, and teaching at the college level usually requires a doctorate degree.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
This liberal arts major is for those who want a generalist approach, rather than a career-specific orientation, to the subject. You study music from various perspectives: the historical development of musical styles; ear training and musicianship; the structures and theory of music; composition; music technologies; performance instruction; and music teaching.
What the study of this major is like:
Most music programs require at least four courses in music history, in which you study the musical styles and genres of different periods, as well as the most important composers. You may do advanced work in the music of a period or of a composer, the extent of change in music of a period the next; and the connection between music and the society in which it was created. More and more colleges are teaching music produced outside Europe and North America-for example, traditional Chinese music and music of the West African coast.
Music theory courses assume that you are familiar with the fundamentals of music (rhythmic and pitch notation, key signatures, and scales). In a minimum of four theory courses, you learn the principles of four-part music. You then practice these principles in weekly writing exercises. Theory courses also teach methods of analysing music in depth. You may do advanced work in counterpoint, analysis, or the history of music theory; or begin work in composition. In composition courses, you may use computer programs to synthesize music electronically.
The music major almost always includes work in basic musicianship-piano, sight singing, score reading, keyboard harmony, and melodic and harmonic dictation. All programs provide you with opportunities to perform in ensembles, and many require you to do so. Individual voice and instrumental lessons, as well as conducting courses, are available at many colleges. Some programs offer a music performance work (for example, in voice, violin, trumpet, or percussion). These programs often lead to the Bachelor of Music degree rather than to a liberal arts degree with a music major.
Instruction style may vary according to the aspect of music you are studying. Your courses may be research-oriented or lab-oriented, or you may work mostly one-on-one with your professors. The music major can be demanding, because it requires you to take numerous courses and spend many hours studying and rehearsing, both in and out of the classroom. But majors generally have a strong sense of community and of working towards a common goal. Because colleges sponsor recitals and concerts by faculty members and guest artists, students frequently meet and talk extensively with professional performers and also participate in the management of these concerts. Many colleges offer music majors the opportunity to present their own recitals when they are in their fourth year.
Colleges vary widely in their approach to the study of music. Some schools are conservatories that emphasize performance and composition. Other colleges focus on the historical and theoretical study of music. Still others seek a balance between practice and theory.
Career options and trends:
Professional or studio musician; composer, music teacher; recording engineer of mixer; art administrator; music publishing editor; film music editor; music therapist; music store manager; music software developer.
To become a music therapist or to teach in public schools, you must obtain certification and meet specific education requirements.
A general music major does not directly lead to careers in the profession, but like all liberal arts majors, it provides a broad, flexible foundation for a variety of occupations or for graduate school. Students at the top of their class who are willing to relocate may obtain music-related jobs after graduation, but the music industry is very competitive.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
The major in photography is for students interested in the art of communicating information, ideas, moods, and feelings through photographic images. You gain a broad background in both the technical and the aesthetic aspects of photography.
What the study of this major is like:
As a photography major, you begin by exploring the fundamentals of design, from, color, and composition. You learn about the nature of light and analyse how three-dimensional space is changed into two-dimensional images. In an introductory courses, you study camera operation and controls (such as focus, shutter speed, and aperture setting) and their effects on photographic images; you also learn about types of cameras; digital,35 mm, medium format, and large format field cameras that produce single negatives. You discuss contemporary issues in photography, as well as photographic history. Critiques (in which you evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a photograph) are an essential part of your learning process.
In lower-level photography courses, your assignments center on depicting specific ideas or situation. As you progress through the major, you concentrate more on your own ideas of what to depict. You create portfolios (a group of photographs on a theme) and study many approaches to photography, such as studio techniques, colour, digital applications, and alternative processes. Taking courses in others arts, such as drawing, sculpture, and painting, can enrich your work. If you are interested in documentary photography or photojournalism, you might take courses in journalism, English, and anthropology. Throughout your studies, you evaluate your strengths and interests in relation to possible career. A final portfolio that showcases your work is the capstone to almost every degree program.
Most photography programs try to balance the technical and the creative aspect of the art. Programs often specialize in one or two areas of photography; fine arts and journalism are the most common. (such courses may also be offered in conjunction with broader art or journalism programs.
The biggest issue facing photography programs is the tension between traditional, "wet" darkroom practice and of the programs you consider. Also, some colleges emphasis the practical, commercial aspects of photography; these programs train you to concentrate on meeting the demands of clients. Other programs, which are based in the fine arts, encourage you to express your personal point of view. Degree programs can range from two year associate degrees to four-year Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, or Bachelor of Fine Arts degrees, each with its own emphasis.
Career options and trends:
Photojournalist; fine art photographer; freelance photographer; commercial or industrial photographer; technical or medical photographer; digital images technician; wedding photographer; portrait photographer; animator; manager of a photo lab.
Mast photographers are either working freelance or running their own business and studios; salaried jobs are increasingly hard to find. Competition is keen, especially for photojournalist and commercial photographers. Fine arts photographers face the same challenge as other artist: how to attract audience who favour their particular type of work. In all areas, good business sense, creative talent, and technological savvy are necessary ingredients for success.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
The apparel and textiles major includes the design, production, marketing, and use of garments, fabrics, and fibers. You learn about technology applications, manufacturing systems, product development, buying, promotional techniques, clothing and material design and customization, and quality control in the apparel and textiles industries.
What the study of this major is like:
This major is typically taught in laboratory, studio, and lecture settings. In most classes you apply what you learn by completing projects or papers. You will probably be expected to make presentations to the class, so good oral communication are an asset. Your work may occasionally be evaluated by industry professionals. Especially in senior-level courses, you will apply critical-thinking skills in analytical and persuasive writing. Many classes invite guest speakers to discuss up-to-date trends and requirements of the industry.
Understanding consumer behaviour, likes, and wants will contribute to your potential success in this field. Therefore, many colleges require internships in which you earn credit while getting first-hand experience in the industry. You can also participate in field trips or off-campus study programs in manufacturing and fashion centers, including retail stores, design houses, textiles factories, museums, and historic sites in areas such as New York, Dallas, and Europe.
This major may be offered in a college of arts and sciences or in a college of family and consumer sciences (formerly home economics), and may lead either to a Bachelor of Science degree (with an emphasis on physical science) or a Bachelor of Arts (humanities). In some Bachelor of Science programs, you take chemistry to fulfil the science requirement. Bachelor of Arts programs usually require fewer core courses and more general education courses. Colleges that focus on retailing do not offer creative course as part of the major. Programs in other colleges may focus on design, product development, or textiles. Many colleges require you to take two semester of foreign language and at least one semester of economics, and to be proficient in computer systems.
Apparel and textiles majors tend to be outgoing and self-motivated. Most colleges host an industry-related organization like Fashion Group International. Depending on the campus, you might participate in the Student Marketing Association, Student Retails Federation, or the Advertising and Public Relations Club. Majors who are active in the community or have a part-time job may conduct fashion shows for fund-raisers, organize clothing drives, or set up programs to recycle textiles, apparel, and shoes.
Career options and trends:
Buyer; product developer; product manager; market researcher; fashion coordinator, fashion reporter, fashion or textile designer; pattern maker, visual merchandising manager.
The apparel and textiles major can prepare you to work as a merchandise coordinator with a national-brand wholesale firm; an in-store sales associate or manager with a major retailer; a production assistant with a manufacturing firm; an educational representative for a fabric, pattern, sewing machine, or notions firm; a textile and apparel advertiser and promoter; or a quality control analyst. With specialized training, you may work as a textile chemist, textile engineer, or museum costume curator.
The apparel and textiles industries are strongly affected by the national economy and consumer spending. In good times, the industry expands so rapidly that firms have a difficult time hiring enough people; but when the economy suffers, the industry may not hire entry-level employees and may even close stores. Be aware that most of the labour-intensive activities (especially apparel manufacturing) have moved to developing countries, where wages are significantly lower.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors
What it's about:
This major covers the design and production of costumes, lighting, scenery, and sound for therater, opera, and dance. Typically housed in a theatre or a preforming arts department, the program enables students to specialize in one or more of these areas while they gain a broad foundation in the related disciplines of acting, directing, and theatre history and theory.
What the study of this major is like:
This major is generally divided into design and production courses. The design company includes introductory and advanced courses in costume, lighting, scenery, and sound design. You'll study script analysis, historical research, fundamentals of visual art, drawing, recording, and design presentation.
In the production courses, you'll learn how to pattern, drape, and fit costume on an doctor's body; construct, paint, and prop scenery; rig, hang, and focus lighting equipment; record sound effect; and place microphones or speakers for sound reinforcement. Introductory courses in these subjects teach basic vocabulary, tool usage, and procedures for design production.
Some departments offer specialty courses in period styles in clothing and architecture; drawing and painting techniques; and advanced crafts, such as millinery, fabric dyeing and modification, makeup, wig construction, scene painting, properties design and construction, model making, and structural engineering for scenery.
Many production courses consist of a lecture class that addresses theory and laboratory sessions in which you have the opportunity to practice what you learn. Labs often provide the labor to implement your designs for department plays. Faculty members evaluate each assignment to determine if you are ready for projects that are more challenging. Ideally, you progress through the program by taking more advanced classes and assuming greater responsibilities in the design and production of plays. Because you'll often have to spend hours doing work outside your course requirement, you should be prepared to balance your academic commitments.
Most theater design and technology programs offer either a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. The B.A program provides a liberal arts education that gives you an understanding of the world that the theater attempts to reflect; the program also prepares you for jobs you can take while pursuing the goal of working full-time in theater. The B.F.A program train you for a professional career courses work. Most B.F.A programs require auditions and/or interview for admission and yarely performance evaluation to remain in the program.
A few universities offer Bachelor of science (B.S) degree in theater, which have stronger science and technology components than B.A programs. A few junior and community colleges offer a two-year associate of arts (A.A) degree in theater design and technology.
Career options and trends:
Regional/professional theater designer (costume, scenery, lighting, sound)*, theater technician (carpenter, scene, painter, tailor or seamster, cutter/draper, electrician, sound engineering)*, technical director/production manager; art director/production designer for film and television; college or high school teacher in theater*.
The skills learned in this major are also useful in designing and working in them parks, film, television, special effects, concerts, circuses, interior design, store and window display, apparel design, museum display and exhibition design, cruise ship tours, party design, parade and float design, architecture, and any business requiring the creation of an environments (such as multimedia and internet) that people can view and interact with.
A bachelor's degree in Education and/or state certification is necessary to teach theater on a high school level. An advanced degree (MFA or ph.D.) is mandatory for teaching at the colleges level. Technicians who have gained production experience can often find entry-level jobs with a bachelor's degree, but designer usually need to attend grad school for addition training.
Because theater is both an art and business, it is subject to the ups and downs of local, state, and national economics and to trends in political ideology. While theater technicians enjoy more job security than actors, directors, and playwrights they still must look for seasonal jobs at a variety of theaters.
Source: CollegeBoard 2012 Book of Majors


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