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Professor Luis GARICANO
Associate - Growth
Tel: 020 7107 5154
Room/Desk: LSE NAB 5.09
Curriculum Vitae
Personal WebSite
Organizations and the Economy, Productivity, Information technology

Luis Garicano is a Professor of Economics and Strategy at the London School of Economics where he heads the MSc in Economics and Management Programme (although on sabbatical leave for the academic year 2014-2015). He was previously an Assistant, Associate and Full Professor of Economics and Strategy at the Booth School of Business of the University of Chicago, and has held visiting positions among others at MIT's Sloan School and at the London Business School. He is also a Research Fellow at the CEPR and an affiliate at the Center for Economic Performance.

 His research focuses on the determinants of economic performance at the firm and economy-wide levels, on the consequences of globalization and information technology for economic growth, inequality and productivity, and on the architecture of institutions and economic systems to minimize incentive and bounded rationality problems. His empirical and theoretical research has been published in the leading economics journals including, among others, the American Economic Review, the Journal of Political Economy, the Quarterly Journal of Economics and the Review of Economic Studies. In 2007, he received the Banco Herrero prize to the best economist in Spain under 40 years old.

Apart from academic research, over the last few years he has been heavily involved in policy issues related to the Euro crisis, specifically in Spain, where he has undertaken applied, policy relevant research, on the economic reforms necessary in Spain, producing documents among others on the Spanish Savings Banks, the Spanish labor market, the productivity of the Spanish economy, and the reforms required to adjust the health and pensions systems to the demographic changes that Spain is experiencing. He has summarized this work in a pair of books including a recent book, "El dilema de España" (2014) which has reached the top of the non fiction lists. He was an editor till August 2013 and co-founder of Nadaesgratis, the leading blog in Spanish on economic affairs.
 Since January 2012, he has been a board member at Liberbank, a medium size Spanish bank resulting from the merger of several savings banks. He is also a member of the Advisory board of the Rafael del Pino foundation. He has previously worked at the European Commissions Statistical Office (Eurostat) and at McKinsey and Co.
Current Areas of Research:
His research studies broadly the causes of productivity differences between countries and between firms within countries. A first question within this line of research is what is the the role played in explaining producitivity differences between countries by regulatory and policy obstacles to optimal organization of firms. For example, current work with CEP members John van Reenen and Claire Lelarge estimates the impact of size-dependent regulations in France on output and employment in this country.
A second question within this broad research line is what explains at a micro level organizational success and failure. In a forthcoming paper in the Journal of Economic Literature with Luis Rayo, Garicano reviews this literature and uses its insights to explain a wide range of well known business failures and successes. Garicano is turning this research into a monograph.
A final question within this broad research question is what is the impact of information technology on firm performance. For example, on research with CEP member John Van Reenen, Nick Bloom and Raffaella Sadun forthcoming in Managerment Science, Garicano studies the distinct impact of communication technologies and information technologies on firm performance.
PhD Economics, University of Chicago
Masters in European Economic Studies, College of Europe, Belgium
Licenciado (BA)Economics, Licenciado (BA) Law, Universidad de Valladolid;
Premio Banco Herrero 2007, Best Social Scientist under 40 in Spain
Affiliations/Professional activities with other institutions:
London School of Economics, Department of Management
- Professor of Economics and Strategy
London School of Economics, Department of Economics
- Professor of Economics and Strategy
London School of Economics, Center for Economic Performance
- Research Affiliate
Center for Economic Policy Research, London
- Research Fellow
Selected Publications:
See also
Publications on LSE Research Online
Optimal Contracting and the Organization of Knowledge Willie Fuchs, Luis Garicano and Luis Rayo August 2014 (Forthcoming, Review of Economic Studies)

The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization
 Nick Bloom, Luis Garicano, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen (Forthcoming, Management Science)
Knowledge-Based Hierarchies: Using Organizations to Understand the Economy Luis Garicano and Esteban Rossi-Hansberg Annual Review of Economics, forthcoming August 2015
CEP Publications:
Spain's response to Brexit
Luis Garicano, December 2016
Paper No' CEPCP491:
Read Abstract
Full paper
The Sovereign-Bank Diabolic Loop and ESBies
Markus K. Brunnermeier, Luis Garicano, Philip R. Lane, Marco Pagano, Ricardo Reis, Tano Santos, David Thesmar, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, Dimitri Vayanos, March 2016
Paper No' CEPDP1414:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Relational Knowledge Transfers
Luis Garicano, Luis Rayo, March 2016
Paper No' CEPDP1412:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Knowledge-based Hierarchies: Using Organizations to Understand the Economy
Luis Garicano, Esteban Rossi-Hansberg, October 2014
Paper No' CEPOP43:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Optimal Contracting and the Organization of Knowledge
William Fuchs, Luis Garicano, Luis Rayo, October 2014
Paper No' CEPDP1308:
Read Abstract
Full paper
In brief - New technology: who wins, who loses?
Nicholas Bloom, Luis Garicano, Raffaella Sadun, John Van Reenen, May 2014
Paper No' CEPCP418:
Read Abstract
Full paper
This article summarises 'The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organisation' by Nicholas Bloom, Luis Garicano, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen, CEP Discussion Paper No. 927, May 2009. Revised June 2013.
Relational Knowledge Transfers
Luis Garicano, Luis Rayo, April 2013
Paper No' CEPDP1203:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Survive Another Day: Using Changes in the Composition of Investments to Measure the Cost of Credit Constraints
Luis Garicano, Claudia Steinwender, February 2013
Paper No' CEPDP1188:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Firm Size Distortions and the Productivity Distribution: Evidence from France
Luis Garicano, Claire Lelarge, John Van Reenen, February 2012
Paper No' CEPDP1128:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Download zipped
data files
associated with this paper.
A Task-Based Approach to Organization: Knowledge, Communication and Structure
Luis Garicano, Yanhui Wu, October 2010
Paper No' CEPDP1013:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Towards a New Architecture for Financial Stability: Seven Principles
Luis Garicano, Rosa Lastra, July 2010
Paper No' CEPDP0990:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Financial Regulation: Can We Avoid Another Great Recession?
Luis Garicano, April 2010
Paper No' CEPEA011:
Full paper
Read Main Summary Points
The Distinct Effects of Information Technology and Communication Technology on Firm Organization
Nick Bloom, Luis Garicano, Raffaella Sadun, John Van Reenen, May 2009
Paper No' CEPDP0927:
Read Abstract
Full paper
Download zipped
data files
associated with this paper.
Information Technology, Organization and Productivity in the Public Sector: Evidence from Police Departments
Luis Garicano, Paul Heaton, October 2008
Paper No' EDSDP012:
Full paper
Do Computers Help Police Fight Crime?
Luis Garicano, Paul Heaton, February 2008
Paper No' CEPCP247:
Read Abstract
Full paper
This article summarises Information Technology, Organisation and Productivity in the Public Sector: Evidence from Police Departments by Luis Garicano and Paul Heaton, CEP Discussion Paper No. 826
Information Technology, Organization, and Productivity in the Public Sector: Evidence from Police Departments
Luis Garicano, Paul Heaton, October 2007
Paper No' CEPDP0826:
Read Abstract
Full paper
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February 9, 2007
Prospectus Today
A Slow Week
Getting some random notes out of the way, during what feels like the longest week of the year�
Joe Sheehan is an author of Baseball Prospectus.
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ABC News' Michael Falcone and Emily Friedman report:
SCOTTSDALE, Ariz. — Mitt Romney used a speech before an audience of some of the Republican National Committee's top leaders to put the Republican primary in the past.
Though his appearance here did not officially seal his ascent to the Republican presidential nomination — a path that is all but assured — he delivered an acceptance speech of sorts, publicly thanking the rivals from within his own party he was able to cast aside during the primary season as well as two who are still in the race.
"Let me also commend the people who had the courage to run for president on our side of the aisle this year. Some still running, some have gotten out of the race," Romney said. "And you know their names — it's a long enough list, I wrote it down, but Michele Bachmann, and Tim Pawlenty, and Jon Huntsman and Herman Cain, and Rick Perry, and Ron Paul and Rick Santorum and Newt Gingrich."
"Each is going to provide a vital role in making sure that we win in November," he added. "Thank you , this extraordinary team. We have all fought hard and well and we're going to fight for the things we believe in."
Noting that it was "good to see all his old friends," Romney spent the bulk of his speech repeating his critiques of President Obama and seizing on comments made by one of the president's advisors, David Axelrod, last week.
Axelrod, he said, "said something to the effect of we gotta get off the economic road we're on and take a new direction," said Romney. "I could not agree more. We have to make sure that we get off this road where more and more people are stuck into poverty, where it's tougher and tougher to be in the middle-class, where gasoline prices go higher and higher, where the unions are driving what's happening in our schools."
"This is a very difficult road we're on. It's time we're gonna get off it," he said.
"I'm convinced that the President was also right the other day when he said that we're gonna have two competing visions in the election in November. There's the vision which represents the road we're on, in David Axelrod's words, and there's a different vision, which is the vision which we represent," he said.
Romney, who addressed a three-day gathering of RNC state chairs and committeemen and women from around the country held at a resort here, dispatched a team of campaign aides to the event to help bring members who have not yet embraced his candidacy into the fold.
In his introduction of Romney, RNC Chairman Reince Priebus referred to him as a "businessman," "governor," "job creator," and "public servant," among other things. One word he did not use: "nominee."
But Priebus, who has steered the Republican Party out of a period of crushing debt, told Romney, "we want to welcome you in a formal way to a great family here."
Though Rick Santorum dropped out of the race last week, Gingrich and Paul are still competing in the primary, and it's mathematically impossible for Romney to officially clinch the nomination for weeks.
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., said in his own remarks at the party luncheon, that he was "most proud to have Mitt as our standard bearer."
But he added a warning too.
"Every day we are not campaigning and rounding up votes for Mitt Romney to be president is a day lost. So when we leave today, we are in the campaign, do not let an hour go by that we are not getting votes," McCain said. "This is going to be a very close election my folks. I believe that we are going to be up late on Election Night."
Source: http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/04/thanking-rivals-by-name-mitt-romney-embraces-gop-nomination-at-gop-gathering/


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Waka Flocka Flame – I Can't Rap, Vol. 1 Mixtape [Listen]
Waka Flocka Flame's newest records and freestyles have all led up to this moment. The Queens-born, Atlanta-bred rapper returns with his new mixtape, I Can't Rap, Vol. 1.
From original cuts like "P*ssy" and "3 Gold Chains," featuring Troy Ave, to his take on popular records like Kanye West's "Blood On The Leaves," Waka provides an array off tunes worth a head nod and others that are suitable party starters. The project dons 20 songs, produced by the likes of Mike WiLL Made It, 808 Mafia, Southside and more. Guests spots are limited to Young Scooter and a very unexpected appearance from Ron Browz.
Stream/download Waka Flocka Flame's I Can't Rap, Vol. 1 below. Let us know your thoughts on the music in the comments.
Download Mixtape | Free Mixtapes Powered by DatPiff.com
Photo: Instagram


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To purchase advertising space at Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, please contact:
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Journalists can make editorial inquiries about Porter Airlines by contacting:
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text:
Movie: currently Thor or Thor 2 (who can decided which is sexier?)
Shows: Game of Thrones, Supernatural, gilmore girls, Queer as folk, Big bang theory
Food... Fruit.
Current project, creating a world underneath. I've been creating mystic worlds and caverns, nasty vilians, and magical creatures. Yup I'm DMing a D&D game. Looking for ideas so if you've had a fun game in the past let me know about it.
If you've got some nerd in you. Anime, sci-fi, science, and like to learn. Also if you are smart, fun and handsome. I enjoy sharing hobbies and interests but I also want to learn new things from my partner.
FYI the reality of me responding back attraction! When you message me I will look at your profile page first. If you are not or close to my stated age range sorry, don't expect a response. Also if that profile page is blank it looks suspicious to me so don't expect a response.
Pictures tell me a lot about you. Whether I'll be attracted to you or if you look trust worthy, ect ect. Having multiple pictures of you with your face showing increases your chances. I have a no response policy for anyone who does not show their face, even if they offer to email me a picture.
Also, I'll admit that I'm not looking for a hook up. So please if you aren't offering friendship, or have more interest in me than my body, no massages please.


text:
European Law
Have European Law Questions? Ask a Lawyer Now.
Dear customer,
Thank you for contacting JustAnswer.
Law(NNN) NNN-NNNN under Article 32, sets specific rules for Italian jurisdiction on divorces.
This disposition provides that divorced fall under Italian jurisdiction when one of the two spouses is an Italian citizen or the wedding has been celebrated in Italy.
Nonetheless, this rule can be derogated according to two different Regulations of the European Union.
First of all, Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility provides at Article 3 that matters relating to divorce and legal separation shall lie with the courts of the Member State
(a) in whose territory:
- the spouses are habitually resident, or
- the spouses were last habitually resident, insofar as one of them still resides there, or
- the respondent is habitually resident, or
- in the event of a joint application, either of the spouses is habitually resident, or
- the applicant is habitually resident if he or she resided there for at least a year immediately before the application was made, or
- the applicant is habitually resident if he or she resided there for at least six months immediately before the application was made and is a national of the Member State in question;
As a consequence, it is sufficient to the applicant to reside in another Member State for at least one year before the application is made or six month (if one of the two spouses of your case has a double nationality of another Member State).
Accordingly, Regulation N. 1259/2010 (entered into force in 22nd november 2012) allows international couples to agree in advance which law would apply to their divorce or legal separation as long as the agreed law is the law of the Member State with which they have a closer connection. For "closer connection" should be intended, under Article 5:
(a) the law of the State where the spouses are habitually resident at the time the agreement is concluded; or
(b) the law of the State where the spouses were last habitually resident, in so far as one of them still resides there at the time the agreement is concluded; or
(c) the law of the State of nationality of either spouse at the time the agreement is concluded; or
(d) the law of the forum - which in your case would be Italy.
According to this provision, whenever one of the four listed conditions occurs, even an Italian Judge could apply the law of the foreign State where one or both the spouses have been "habitually resident". "Habitual residence" is normally intended as a one year residence in the considered Member State. In this case, the Decision is immediately operative in Italy and you do not need to transcribe it in the register of the so called "Stato civile".
The case is different if you decide to proceed the divorce directly abroad.
For this situation, Article 65 of l.(NNN) NNN-NNNNprovides for the direct effect in Italy of the foreigner decisions which state upon separation and divorce without any further need to be recognized by the Italian judiciary. Nonetheless, you would still need to transcribe the decision in the civil register (it is called "procedura di annotazione del divorzio nei registri dello stato civile"). It is better to do it as soon as possible and you need to present the following documents:
- the transcript of the decision of divorce;
- an official translation of the same.
The transcription has not a constitutive effect but a merely certifing effect (Quote Opinion of Consiglio di Stato n. 621 1/02/2008).
After this, your partner will be again free from "marital obligations" and she will be able to marry you.
I hope this helps. If you are happy with my legal opinion, I would be very much grateful if you could rate it positively so that I can get compensated for my time without any extra charge for you as only the amount you have already deposited would be used.
I remain at your complete disposal should you need any further information.


text:
There's been an unexpected arrival. It has a rectangular body, a metallic arm and a rotating disc. It moves from side to side, gliding with speedy agility across the flat plains of the notebooks in the Moleskine Store, pressing into their covers. It's writing.
Moleskine Express is a new in-store service that allows you to name your notebook and make it truly yours. It personalises the cover by pressing into it, marking your first name, surname or initials on its surface.
Choose your notebook, choose your style, make it yours. It takes just a minute to express yourself even further.
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Mon - Tue - Wed 9 am – 7 pm
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Sun 12 am – 6 pm
Via Dante 15, Milano 10 am - 8 pm
Les 4 Temps, Parigi ( Le Parvis De La Défense ) 10 am - 8 pm


text:
Sports Reporter
The girls St. Michael-Albertville and Buffalo Bison swim/dive team's have a score to settle.
With one meet left in the regular season for both teams, the Mississippi 8 Conference champions will be crowned Thursday night at Middle School East Pool.
Both the Bison and the Knights are 3-0 heading into the showdown. Buffalo, STMA and Monticello shared a three-way tie for the conference title a year ago. The winner Thursday will win the M-8 outright.
"We're fired up for this one," said STMA head coach Tom Guillou. "Buffalo is the favorite, but everything comes down to this meet and the competition should bring out the best in the girls."
Last season, the Bison edged the Knights in both the regular season and the True Team Meet. STMA got the final say, ending Buffalo's season in the Section 8AA playoffs.
Both the Knights and Bison have deep lineups and both have all-state caliber athletes. STMA junior Kasey Roberts has had a record-setting season, as has Buffalo senior Emily DeVore.
"The two could matchup head-to-head in a relay event," Guillou said. "Both are top swimmers in the state. We are hoping for a good crowd and we are all really excited for this one."
The Knights spoiled Monticello's bid at another share of the title, when they defeated the Magic last Thursday 98-86.
STMA had first-place finishes in eight of 14 events. Guillou said he was happy with how the team competed.
"Monticello was a good meet," Guillou said. "We swam tough. I was happy with how we went on the road and pulled out a lot of close races."
The 400 relay team of Lexi Heil, Taylor Pehrson and Kasey and Carly Roberts finished first with a pool record time of 3:49.63. The 200 relay team of Kasey Roberts, Heil, Pehrson and Ellen Swedzinski also finished first with a time of 1:45.34.
Other first-place finishes: Katie Schmitz (500 free); Heil (100 free); Kasey Roberts (100 fly, 200 IM); Jessie Metz (1-meter dive) and Carly Roberts (200 free).
STMA's meet with Buffalo is at 6 p.m. Saturday. Saturday starts the beginning of the True Team section playoffs. The meet will be held at Elk River's VandenBerge Middle School.


text: this has nothing to do with LVM. dd knows nothing about files, it just copies the entire device (or file or whatever). tar will work, if you use the right command line switches. Search around on the web for pointers on how to use it. Another intermediate way would be to compress the image you get with dd. On Wed, Apr 16, 2008 at 04:59:05PM +0200, Thomas Bellembois wrote: > Hi! > > I am using LVM partitions on a Debian Xen system. > I use LVM snapshots to clone and backup my virtual machines. > > I have noticed that the ISO file created with the "dd" command it much > bigger that the partition used space (actually 4.7GB for the ISO - 500MB > used space). No problem if I mount the LVM snapshot and "tar" all of the > data. > > I have googled the question and read that "dd" also copy "not used space". > Why is the ISO file so big ? Is the "tar" method less safe ? > Is there a better solution ? > > Thanks for your answers. > > Regards, > > Thomas > > > > _______________________________________________ > linux-lvm mailing list > linux-lvm redhat com > https://www.redhat.com/mailman/listinfo/linux-lvm > read the LVM HOW-TO at http://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/


text:
Andrew already hyped this up on Facebook. Ahhhhh the pressure!
You see, I don't know if I'm having a metabolism spike or something, but I am absolutely ravenous lately. A week or two ago, there was an unofficial "let's eat a foot long meatball sub from Eastside Deli" challenge at the office. I wasn't even going to partake. No, I was brought some overnight oats and my gym bag. That was my lunch plan. Then my boss sent a photo of said sandwich with an, "ARE YOU READY?" to all of us about an hour before go-time. I knew I was in. I love a meatballs [see here and here and here and here for proof], and I absolutely cannot turn down a challenge. I'm the only one who finished my sandwich. I am equal parts excited and disgusted by this.
If you're following Instagram, then you know that I've already eaten another meatball sandwich since. No one is really surprised are they? There was also the half of a large cheese stuffed crust chicken supreme pizza I ate last week. A little roast beef and cheddar and jamocha shake action from Arby's. The overwhelming portions of pork curry with soba noodles. A breakfast burrito, a coffee and coconut cheesecake donut, and an eggplant parmesan sandwich. It's seriously out of control.
It only makes sense that I also added a
lot little bit of cheese covered buffalo chicken on a french bread loaf. That's right 12oz of cheese, 1lb of chicken, and an entire [baby] loaf of french bread broiled in the oven. It was the richest thing I've eaten in a long, long time. It was so intense that I barely ate more than 1/4 of it. It was so, so, so good, though. Of course you need to love buffalo sauce [although next time I'm picking up a sauce from Fire on the Mountain] and gorgonzola cheese because that's absolutely going to be the two dominant flavors partying in your mouth. This would really make for a great party snack or, y'know, a rich, ridiculous meal. There are green onions on it, so that's totally a vegetable. I'd throw chopped celery on it, too, next time.
Inspiration: How Sweet It Is
- 1 loaf of french bread, sliced in half
- 8oz fontina cheese, grated
- 4oz crumbled gorgonzola
- ranch dressing
- 1lb chicken breasts, cut into 1″ cubes
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- 1/2 cup buffalo sauce + more for drizzling
- 1/2 tablespoon butter
- 3 green onions, sliced white and green parts
- 1/4 cup cilantro, chopped
- salt and pepper
Turn on the broiler in the oven. Place the bread cut-side up on a baking sheet, and place in the oven. Toast them 2-3 minutes before rotating for another 2-3 minutes. It should be nice and toasty, so keep an eye on it if your oven is intense.
In a large skilled, heat the olive oil on medium high heat. Once it is shimmery, add the chunks of chicken. Cover with a nice layer of salt and pepper. Allow them to cook on each side for a couple minutes until browned. Add the buffalo sauce and butter, stirring to coat. The sauce will thicken and cling to the chicken. Refrain from licking your spoon; it's hot.
Brush the tops of the bread with ranch dressing with as much as you deem necessary. Sprinkle half of each cheese. Top with the chicken and drizzle all of the sauce on top. Top with the remainder of the cheese. Stick the breads back into the broiler for a few minutes. The cheese will be super gooey and start to brown.
Remove from the oven, allow it to cool for a few minutes, and then top with the green onion and cilantro. Drizzle more buffalo sauce on top.
Cut into slices and enjoy. Feel your arteries clogging, and eyes rolling back into your head.


text:
The Nord-Pas de Calais Inter-Hospital Healthcare IT Agency (SIIH) relies on Sciforma to manage its projects and recurring activities
London, 26 april 2012
Sciforma, a world leader in project management solution development, announced today that the Nord-Pas de Calais Inter-Hospital Healthcare IT Agency (SIIH) is using its platform
to manage its projects and recurring activities.
The SIIH is a Agency that provides support to more than 50 healthcare establishments, offering them IT solutions throughout the year: application management and hosting and even workstation management for the CHRU in Lille, which forms the major part of SIIH's involvement in both the departments concerned.
A platform with worldwide expertise and an index of good practices
A desire to track its activities properly and be able to tackle project and recurring activity management led the SIIH in 2008 to put out an invitation to tender to project management software developers. During the "proof-of-concept" phase, Sciforma stood out from its competitors on several points, particularly in the recurring activity management trial (which lasted from 1 January to 31 December). It was the only company to be able to offer effective management of the workload associated with these tasks, which take up a large part of the SIIH agents' time.
The discussion regarding the use of a project management solution like Sciforma was motivated by a desire to define all the Agencies activities and to be able to better justify the invoicing of the services provided to member establishments. After an initial phase of objective definition, during which the SIIH collected the comments of all its managers, they were able to define the project and activity models before implementing the platform itself.
A Way to Justify Services Provided and Amounts Invoiced
Fully operational since Spring 2009, Sciforma is now used by more than one hundred SIIH staff members.
Sciforma was rapidly integrated into our IT system and accepted quite well by our teams, who soon adapted to using this new tool to track their activities. The involvement of the management and the regular communication regarding the use of the platform allowed us to have great success with this new tool", said Pascaline Matagne, Quality Method Manager for SIIH Nord-Pas de Calais.
"The simple and practical ergonomics of the tool helped with its adoption by all the departments, which became entirely used to entering their workloads into Sciforma, giving us quite a comprehensive panorama of what has been done. Today we have greater visibility and traceability of what we can invoice our members for; it is a real frame of reference for all that has been done within the company", commented Pascale Danel, Project Director, SIIH.
Buoyed by this success, the SIIH now hopes to increase the use of the tool for forecasting and upcoming projects, since the "recurring activities" part is now fully integrated into the work activities of the teams. Several new modules, such as resource reservation, are currently being studied and will be included in SIIH's next Sciforma workshops.
"The flexibility of our platform allowed us to differentiate ourselves from the competition and to show how well our tender could fit the very specific expectations of the players in the healthcare market. We are delighted to be able to support SIIH in its efforts to implement invoice traceability and workload management, two overriding themes for an institution of this type, on which several of the major French hospitals, such as the CHR in Lille, depend," added Stéphane Louit, Assistant General Manager of Sciforma.
About the Nord-Pas de Calais Inter-Hospital Syndicate
Created in September 2001, the Nord-Pas de Calais Inter-Hospital Healthcare IT Agency provides healthcare establishments with the services of almost 100 professionals specialising in IT and hospital information systems.
34 public hospitals are members of SiiH59/62 in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais region. 30 other public and private establishments also use the services of the SiiH.
Born out of a strong perception of resource pooling and regional coherence, the development of our structure was bolstered by the implementation of the "Hospital, patients, health and territories" Act and especially
by the creation of the Territorial Hospital Communities (French initials, CHT) and ASIP Santé's recommendations on resource pooling. The SiiH intends to use its strong value-added, a knowledge of hospitals, to
provide support to healthcare establishments when choosing the development, maintenance and use of their information system.
To support its ambitions, SiiH has invested in:
Tools: Distributing project supervision and management tools among the various SiiH departments makes it possible to optimise available resources and anticipate the risk of breakdowns in order to guarantee the quality of the services provided.
Organisation: For the last two years, the SiiH has been involved in acquiring "good practices" through the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) initiative, which has made it possible to professionalize and industrialise our production process and do better at less expense.
People: New contributors join our teams every year to strengthen the expertise of the technical departments and their project management skills.
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Originally written on Pro Boxing Fans | Last updated 9/22/14
LAS VEGAS - NOVEMBER 11: Boxer Manny Pacquiao attends the final news conference for his bout against WBO welterweight champion Miguel Cotto at the MGM Grand Hotel/Casino November 11, 2009 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Pacquiao and Cotto will meet in a WBO welterweight title fight at the MGM on November 14. (Photo by Ethan Miller/Getty Images)
American Idol's Jessica Sanchez is confirmed to sing the National Anthem before the Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley World Welterweight Championship, Saturday, June 9, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena. Sanchez will be singing before a live audience of over 16,000 fans and tens of millions of viewers worldwide watching it live on Pay-Per-View. The 16-year-old San Diegan was the runner-up in the 11th season of television's No. 1 rated show, AMERICAN IDOL on FOX. Sanchez quickly became a fan favorite this season with her powerhouse vocals, often garnering high praise from the judges each week. Prior to IDOL, Sanchez competed on the first season of AMERICA'S GOT TALENT when she was only 11 years old. Sanchez will be joining the rest of Season's 11's Top 10 on the road this summer for the American Idols Live! Tour, which will begin July 6 in Detroit. Tickets can be purchased online at http://www.ticketmaster.com/American-Idol-tickets/artist/838399. It's always interesting to ...
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text: Community & People Celebration time at St. Peter's Published September 19, 2012 at 9:22 am St. Peter's Community Festival in Forest Lake on Sept. 15 and 16 offered a polka mass, golf tournament, debaters, and tables of crafts, produce, and household items for sale. Shopper Sarah Graven of Scandia showed the toys she bought at the festival. (Photo by Mary Bailey)


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Hi, fashionistas!
Today, I'm showing you a makeup look that screams "I'm a glamazon and I'm not afraid to show it!" In my experience, a bold lip color and shimmery eyeshadow are my go-to's for a glamorous look, but you can also create an elegant look in a hundred different ways! The options are endless, but I tend to gravitate towards red lipstick for an old-Hollywood feel.
Here's the look:


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Aug 21, 2017 @ 2:00 PM
Getting away this weekend? Whether you're planning to lounge poolside, or cool off at the beach, we rounded up our favorite vacation beauty products that beat the heat. And they're TSA-friendly to boot! Read on to see all of our picks now.
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The Relationship between Direct Payments and Efficiency on Swiss Farms
Economic theory suggests several possible mechanisms through which direct government farm payments might influence the efficiency and structural change in agriculture. This study estimates identify the main determinants of efficiency, particularly, what effect farm payments have had on efficiency and farm structure by using a farm-level Tobit model for 1990 to 2001. The results suggest that the inclusion of direct payments does not cause a change in returns to scale of the underlying technology. Nevertheless, results find evidence of effects of direct payments on efficiency. Farms that received greater direct payments were less efficient on aggregate than other farms.
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Volume (Year): 09 (2008)
Issue (Month): 1 (January)
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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Lordkipanidze, Nazibrola & Tauer, Loren W., 2000.
"Farmer Efficiency and Technology Use with Age,"
Agricultural and Resource Economics Review,
Cambridge University Press, vol. 29(01), pages 24-31, April.
- Tauer, Loren W. & Lordkipanidze, Nazibrola, 2000. "Farmer Efficiency And Technology Use With Age," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 29(1), April.
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Tactical 22lr
IM looking to buy a 22lr I want something cool looking and reliable but I only have 300$ I was looking at the mossberg ar-15 style 22 and the plr 22 just wondering if anybody had any thoughts on any of these before I go buy one.
Save an extra hundred and get the smith and wesson15-22. That's what i did and still have no regrets.
Did you buy yours from a dealer or offline, if offline whats a good site to get one from, I also found a upgraded ruger 10/22 with a tactical ar 15 adjustable stock for 270$ what's your thoughts on those?
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Impactguns.com has a sick ruger 10/22 with a ar style stock 25 round clip, and a Flash suppresor. For less than 300 cause I don't wanna spend 400$ i would rather spend 300 on the rifle and a 100 on upgrading it, and I know the ruger 10/22 is one of the most upgradeable gun they make.
Ive got this Sig Sauer 522. This thing is damn accurate, reliable.. and a blast to shoot. Before I bought it, I could decide between this and the S&W. But I purchased the 522 they sell a kit to upgrade to a 556 model. It s around the same price as the S&W.
Yeah? I think that's the one I'm gonna go with. Does anyone have any thoughts on impactguns.com? I hear really good things about budsgunshop But they don't have the 10/22 I like
I bought my s&w moe edition because it is an exact Ar platform minus the forward assist. I'm a Leo so I wanted it to train with. The 1022 is a great gun and stocks can be bought for them, but not a true Ar platform. I studied it extensively before I.bought. Yes its pretty pricey but you can get the standard s&w model for around $ 400. On top of training the s&w is just way more fun to shoot than a 1022. The mossbergs I looked at seemed pretty good and the reviews were all pretty good, but I wanted a flat top with flip up buis. Think about what you want to do with the gun, study whats out there and go from there. I looked at building a 1022 up, looked at the mossbergs, sigs, colts, and decided the s&w was exactly what I was looking for so spent the extra money. Your wants and needs may be different than mine.
I'm mainly gonna use it for target plinking, or rabits and squirrels. I would love to have the smith and wesson but I just don't have the extra 100$ that and my dad would whoop my ass if he found out I spent that much on a 22 lol
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Contained Places
Tazewell County is a county located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 45,078. Its county seat is Tazewell.
Tazewell County is part of the Bluefield, WV-VA Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Before the arrival of pioneers, Tazewell County was a hunting ground for Native Americans. Although rare in the eastern United States, there are petroglyphs near the summit of Paintlick Mountain.
In the spring of 1771, Thomas and John Witten established the first permanent settlement in Tazewell County at Crab Orchard.
Tazewell County was created on December 20, 1799. The land for the county was taken from portions of Wythe and Russell counties. It was named after Andre Beaverton, a United States Senator from Virginia, state legislator and judge. Delegate Littleton Waller Tazewell originally opposed the formation of the new county but when Simon Cotterel, who drew up the bill to form the county, changed the originally proposed name of the county to Tazewell's namesake, in honor of his father Henry who had died months earlier, the bill passed.
Later, the town of Jeffersonville was renamed Tazewell and became the county seat.
Paramount's 1994 film Lassie was filmed here.
Population History
Research Tips
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Candidates vie for 2 Ligonier Township positions
In Ligonier Township, two supervisor positions are open; one with a six-year term and the other with a two-year term.
Scott Matson is running for the Republican nomination for the six-year position. Former Supervisor Keith Whipkey's name will be on the primary election ballot for the same seat, but since resigning last week from the township position for personal reasons, Whipkey, 57, has asked residents to vote for Matson.
No Democrats have filed for the seat.
Matson, 45, said the township needs to focus on fiscal responsibility.
"They need to downsize, just like everyone else, and look at more economical alternatives to take the burden off the taxpayers," Matson said. "They've been running things the same way year after year, and they don't seem to be open to any other changes."
Matson said employees should not be replaced as they retire and more work should be subbed out to reduce costs, if it's cost-effective.
"I think the township trucks should have GPS, as well," to hold employees accountable and for safety, he said.
Matson said the township zoning ordinance needs to be fairly enforced.
"I'm all for zoning, but Ligonier Township zoning is like a Cracker Jack box. You never know what you're going to get. There's a lot of picking and choosing when it comes to enforcement," he said.
If elected, Matson said, he would not work as a township roadmaster.
For the past 16 years, two supervisors have served the township as roadmasters, but Supervisor Tim Komar has been the sole roadmaster since the retirement of former supervisor Carl Penrod in January. Roadmasters make about $25 per hour.
Matson owns Laurel Mountain Tree Removal. He previously served on the township planning commission, but resigned earlier this year to focus on his campaign, he said.
He has one daughter and four sons.
If Whipkey wins the nomination, he will have until Aug. 12 to withdraw from the general election. Montini said the seat then would be declared vacant, and the election bureau would accept substitute nominations from the county Republican Committee.
Paul Knupp and Gary Thistlethwaite are vying for the Republican nomination for the two-year seat.
Again, no Democrats have filed.
Despite commending the accomplishments of the board, Knupp has a lengthy list of goals, including the expansion of water service in the township, a method to aid senior citizens with the cost of tap-in fees to the municipal authority's expanded sewer system and avoiding a tax increase.
He said he favors a more streamlined zoning ordinance.
"It might need touched on and updated, so everyone can go through the proper channels without problems," he said.
He would also like to look into enforcing regulations of the Uniform Construction Code locally.
The Supervisors previously opted out of involvement in the building inspection process, which confuses developers and slows down the process, Knupp said.
"From what I understand that process can be very slow, so I'd like to investigate and research ways we can speed that up for business owners and neighbors in the township," he said.
He said he plans to attend the meetings of the appointed boards such as the planning commission, recreation board, municipal authority and zoning hearing board.
"I'd like to see better communication between the boards and the supervisors and between the supervisors and the public, even if that means I'm the one that has to attend the meetings," he said. "It's important that everyone is on the same page."
Knupp said he would work as a roadmaster if elected.
Thistlethwaite, 66, said he wants to improve police protection.
"I want to try to work with what we have (financially), but see if money can be shifted around to provide more funding for the police department," he said.
Ideally, two police officers would cover each shift, he said.
He said he would seek grants to provide educational opportunities for officers, such as a truck safety inspection course or accident investigation seminars.
He agrees the zoning process should be more streamlined to "alleviate some of the red tape that residents encounter when they're trying to develop their properties," he said.
Knupp has served for 15 years as the manager for the Ligonier Township Municipal Authority and worked for 12 years at the family-owned Hoffer-Knupp Construction before moving to public service.
Knupp said he's worked side-by-side with the supervisors and would like to see "a continued cooperative relationship."
Knupp is a 20-year trustee for the Ligonier First Church of the Brethren. He is a member of the Ligonier Township Sportsmen Club and the Laughlintown Protective Association. He has volunteered with the Ligonier Valley Football Boosters and for the township's Dumpster Days.
He and his wife, Stacey, have two grown children.
A retired state trooper, Thistlethwaite works as a safety consultant in transportation and facilities.
"I feel that my background allows me to work with the township and the police department," he said. "I have a background working with people and working with other agencies and institutions."
Thistlethwaite was appointed by a county judge in 1996 to complete the term of a supervisor Leon Smithley, who died suddenly of cancer.
He is a Vietnam War veteran and a member of the Ligonier Veterans of Foreign War Post 734. He serves on the board of directors of the Loyalhanna Watershed Association.
Thistlethwaite and his wife, JoAnn, have two grown sons and two granddaughters.
Jewels Phraner is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. She can be reached at 724-850-1218 or email@example.com.


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Like so many others on the first day of school, Greg Byrne can't sleep.
The Arizona Wildcats athletic director woke up at 4 a.m. on Monday. Around 5:15, in the dark, Byrne began the 20-minute drive to his office at McKale Center.
From his work-issued SUV, Byrne called two friends from the Southeastern Conference, where he spent the past two years as the athletic director at Mississippi State.
Byrne, 38, started May 1 after signing a five-year deal worth $390,000 a year.
Before 7:30 a.m. on Monday, the first day of UA classes, Byrne has run 3 1/2 miles on a McKale Center treadmill to keep his balky back loose. He's read, believe it or not, www.coacheshotseat.com.
For $20 a year, he reads the website for its list of the day's college sports stories. He's also listened to NPR.
His day has just begun.
The Star shadowed Byrne from his first appointment to his last meeting Monday.
With rare exception, the Star was given access to his conversations and meetings, from planning a football pre-game ritual to crafting speeches and greeting fans purchasing tickets.
With an easy but authoritarian lilt, Byrne spoke to almost every head coach on campus - be it in a meeting or in person - before giving a speech to a gathering of all UA student-athletes.
There, he scolded two kids for falling asleep - a side to the young-looking athletic director few athletes had seen before.
Byrne replaced Jim Livengood, the Arizona Wildcats athletic director since 1994, in May, and has begun crafting the department his way.
On the eve of his first full season, here's an account of Byrne's day:
8:38: Carl Evans, director of the Tiger Scholarship Fund at Memphis, calls. At a convention, he asked Byrne to mentor him.
"You're in fundraising," Byrne said. "You're on the right path."
Byrne is a fundraising dynamo. He wants to grow the Wildcat Club from 7,000 to 12,000 members. He raised money at Oregon, Oregon State, Kentucky and Mississippi State before becoming an athletic director at 36. He has raised more than $120 million in his career.
8:45: Byrne puts Evans on hold; his wife, Regina, has called with news about the lakeside home they're trying to sell in Starkville, Miss.
Regina and Greg have two sons - Nick, a 15-year-old freshman at Pusch Ridge Christian Academy, and Davis, a 12-year-old eighth-grader.
8:52: Byrne signs thank-you notes from his cross-state road trip in red ink.
"School colors," he said. He signs contracts sealing tennis matches with Sacramento State and Pacific. It's a rare paper transaction.
His desk is sparse. Items on top are a laptop, desktop screen, a few binders and a framed photo of him, his father and two uncles.
Byrne keeps his schedule on his Blackberry, e-mails memos and takes his MacBook Pro to meetings.
"I've got a bad back as it is," he said. "I don't want to lug a lot of paper."
9:02: He tweaks a PowerPoint presentation titled, "Arizona Athletics: Character and Integrity."
He'll show it to every UA athlete at a 4 p.m. welcome-back barbecue at McKale.
The slides outline social- media dangers. One shows Matthew Stafford, the 2009 NFL No. 1 draft pick, with a drink in one hand and his middle finger in the air. Camera phones changed the game. "Everyone's a reporter," the slide states.
9:07: Told of a highlight reel to be shown at the barbecue, Byrne asks, "What's the music on that?"
Tunes played during games are important to Byrne, whose tastes range from Johnny Cash to classical music.
9:13: He receives a weekly football ticket sales e-mail. The UA sold 2,283 season tickets the past week, bringing the total to 25,477, the fourth-highest ever. "I'll Twitter that out real quick," Byrne said.
Byrne has about 2,700 followers, down 300 from when he was at Mississippi State.
9:27: Before walking downstairs to buy an energy bar, Byrne asks his assistant, Brenda Filippelli, to remind him of the concession stand worker's name. It's Skip.
Byrne uses word association, tying names from his past to help remember new faces, but it's not foolproof.
Filippelli knows part of her job is to brief Byrne whenever possible. She calls him an "old soul" who's not afraid to ask for help.
9:40: The Wildcats have a new class-attendance policy. A fourth absence means a player misses 10 percent of the remaining games in that sport. The sixth leads to an extra 15 percent loss. The ninth absence costs another 50 percent.
9:43: Byrne clicks through PowerPoint again and finds his "gotcha" moment. At MSU, a scoreboard sign forgot an "i" in Mississippi. A fan photo commemorated it forever - including on Byrne's PowerPoint. "We live in an age," he said, "where even when you have no idea you're being watched, you're being watched."
10:01: "I walk fast," Byrne cautions, and he does.
His 6-foot-6-inch frame tears downstairs to an auditorium, where about 30 coaches, including men's basketball coach Sean Miller and softball coach Mike Candrea, have gathered for "Step Up" program training.
Byrne explains the new attendance policy. Academics need improving. "Overall we're 10th in the league," he said. "That's not where we want to be in anything we do."
There are two ways to influence college athletes - take away their playing time or their scholarship check. "We're not going to touch their checks," he said, "because we want them to eat."
10:15: Byrne meets with director of football operations Erick Harper, and then football coach Mike Stoops, about a player.
Walking from his office to the football hub, Byrne's back aches. He had surgery on a ruptured disk last year, and now has a bulging one. Moving boxes in his new Foothills home didn't help.
Byrne stretches during the day and takes Aleve, but no prescriptions.
He's trained twice for marathons, only to get hurt, and said now "all I can do is run straight ahead."
11:05: Byrne introduces himself to fans waiting for tickets. His father, Bill, is the Texas A&M athletic director, but he says his mother, Marilyn, is the more social of the two.
"Shaking someone's hand, it's amazing how far that goes," Byrne said.
11:10: At Byrne's urging, football players will walk through the tailgating crowd into Arizona Stadium before home games.
"We gotta get people there the first time," Byrne tells marketing director Shawn Chevreux.
Byrne is changing player introductions, too, to build excitement. He wants everyone but the team to practice the entrance "a time or two or three" before the Sept. 11 home opener against The Citadel. He'll be there, too.
11:40: Byrne checks the schedule on his Blackberry. He and Regina struck a deal - he puts the phone in his bedroom when he gets home, and checks e-mail only once per night.
"This job will just swallow you up," she said, "if you let it."
Byrne still takes out the trash and does the dishes. He doesn't cook; he lived off Golden Dragon Chinese food until his family moved in late May.
12:05 p.m.: Byrne eats lunch at Kingfisher with booster Bob Davis, a former UA swim coach, fundraiser and lifelong Tucsonan.
2:04: Byrne meets in the conference room adjoining his office with associate athletic directors Kathleen "Rocky" LaRose, John Perrin, James Francis, Steve Kozachik, Suzy Mason and Chevreux to go over game- day activities.
Players will begin the "Wildcat Walk" two hours before the game and march in to a drum cadence. The Pride of Arizona will form a "Block A" and move south to north, forming a player- entrance tunnel.
"Everybody's cue is fireworks," Chevreux said. "When you see fireworks, you start running."
2:40: Byrne asks Chevreux about a list of songs to play at the game - "Carpenters, Barry Manilow, that stuff," Byrne joked. The athletic director wants a blend of hip-hop, rock and country for games.
"On third and fourth downs," he said. "we better be playing something that gets people fired up."
2:49: Byrne wants athletes wearing tucked-in shirts and no hats when they are honored at halftime Sept. 18 against Iowa.
Byrne wears open-collared shirts so students don't feel distant from him. Still they must call him "Mr. Byrne," not Greg. "That's mandatory," he said.
3:58: The ADs' meeting over, Byrne is greeted in his office by UA president Robert Shelton, and they walk to the barbecue together.
Shelton tells him he likes the attendance policy because "it's well-worded and allows for exceptions."
4:12: "I want you to take out your cell phones," Byrne tells the 500-plus athletes gathered at the barbecue.
He speaks his cell phone number intro a microphone, telling students to save it in their phones. "Call me, day or night, if you need help with a bad situation," he said.
4:34: He shows the PowerPoint. He warns of social media, and shows the embarrassing photos he had assembled earlier.
The UA will randomly drug test athletes, he says. "What's more important," he asks, "winning a national championship or smoking pot?"
Every senior athlete leads the crowd in "Bear Down, Arizona." He stands behind them, clapping along.
5:36: Byrne forgoes a plate of barbecue and walks upstairs for his final meeting - with Shelton's athletics advisory committee.
Shelton loves Byrne's communication skills. Byrne has called him from 5 a.m. to 11 p.m. Shelton said, and he likes that.
"I want to hear it from him first," he said.
Byrne fills a souvenir stadium cup and grabs a handful of pretzels from his assistant's desk.
The Wildcats' communication king has one task left. He walks through his office into the conference room, off to one more meeting. The door closes behind him.


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Alberta.ca > Agriculture and Forestry
A well maintained pasture can provide fresh air and exercise for your horse, and it can also supply a significant part of the horse's nutritional needs. If managed properly, even a small pasture can greatly decrease feeding costs, stable cleaning and other management chores, and it can greatly increase the horse's enjoyment of life.
All too often, horse pastures suffer from neglect. Pastures commonly house more horses than they can support, resulting in bare ground and weed infestations. Not only do these abused pastures fail to provide nutritious forage for your horse, the bare spots can be churned to dust and mud that present health risks such as respiratory disease, sand colic and thrush.
Mismanaged pastures also contribute greatly to degradation of the environment through erosion and water pollution from contaminated runoff. And, at the very least, overused pastures present an eyesore to your neighbors.
Environmental land management can be challenging when a number of horses are concentrated on a small parcel of land, such as on acreages. Where several acreages are situated near one another and near urban areas, maintaining good neighbour relations becomes critical. Suitable management of your pastures is a way to improve the appearance and productivity of your land and to prevent neighbour complaints.
Successful pasture management is not complicated, but it means horse owners must become much more aware of the quality and condition of their pastures. This chapter describes how to improve existing pastures and suggests strategies for getting the most potential out of pastures for your horses.
What's Growing in Your Pasture?
Effective pasture management requires an understanding of the forage species that should grow in your horse's pasture. Furthermore, gaining an appreciation of how pasture plants grow and develop, and how grazing and repeated trampling by hooves may affect the pasture, will help you make sound management decisions.
Grazing alfalfa
Horses can be grazed on alfalfa pasture. Alfalfa is a legume and is higher in protein and slightly higher in energy than grass. In the spring, all grasses and legumes are lush and less mature. The less mature the stand, the higher in energy and protein. Introduce your horses to alfalfa pasture gradually, just as you would introduce them to a fresh, spring grass pasture.
Growing up tall
Like horses, plants go through several growth stages. Being able to recognize these different stages of plant growth is essential for making decisions on when and how long your horses can effectively graze the pasture.
Pasture plants have three distinct growth stages (Figure 20):
1) vegetative
2) elongation
3) reproductive
The "vegetative growth period" is the development of the leaves. This is a vulnerable stage for the forages and occurs in the spring as well as during the regrowth from grazing or mowing. Pasture plants use their leaves to gather solar energy from the sun, which they use to manufacture food, grow and reproduce. Avoid grazing during this vulnerable stage, so the plants have a "head start" for a longer and healthy growing season.
Once the plant develops enough leaves and stores enough energy, it enters the second growth stage, elongation. Elongation is the stage when the stem grows taller, but the number of leaves remains relatively the same.
Pasture plants are best grazed when they enter the elongation phase. The elongation phase both optimizes the nutritional quality of the pasture plant and ensures the plants will survive the grazing by your horse.
The final, reproductive stage is the period when the seedhead or flower develops, and pollination occurs. Once the seedhead or flower develops, all new growth ceases. Horses prefer to bypass grasses that are this mature and search for grasses in the two earlier phases.
The nutritional quality of pasture forage also varies depending on the plant's stage of growth. As a plant matures from the vegetative to reproductive stage, the fibre content increases and the nutritional value for horses decreases.
Although vegetative plants are the most nutritious, they are also the most fragile and susceptible to damage by grazing or trampling. Plants require some leaf area to support their own growth. Without these leaves, they have to rely on the limited energy stores in their roots for survival. Allowing your horse to graze off too much of the leaf area (termed "overgrazing") will slow the regrowth of the plant and possibly damage the root system. The plant could eventually die if overgrazing continues.
Figure 20. Grazing should take place when pasture plants are in the elongation stage of growth, before legumes flower and grasses produce seedheads. Grazing during the elongation stage optimizes the nutritional quality of the forage and the total pasture yield, while leaving enough food stores in the roots for pasture plants to regrow.
Advantages of grass-legume pasture mixes
Acreage available for grazing - Land available for grazing is what is left over after you exclude areas used for buildings, stables, trees, house, driveways, sloughs, rivers and creeks.
Species of forage growing in the pasture(s) - Horses kept on unimproved, .native. rangeland pastures often require more land to sustain each horse. Improved, .tame. grass and grass-legume pastures will produce more forage than native rangeland, allowing more horses to be supported by a smaller area.
Quality of the pasture forage available - The more desirable the forage species growing in your pasture and the more forage available for grazing, the higher the pasture quality. If your pasture is overgrazed, full of weeds and bare spots, you have a poor quality pasture.
Soil and climate characteristics unique to your area of Alberta - Grey wooded soil supports more horses than the brown soil regions. With good rainfall or irrigation, less acreage may be required. During times of drought, the number of horses per pasture should be reduced.
Grazing management employed - How you manage your pastures can be the biggest factor that determines the number of horses your land can support. Proper management will increase the productivity and long-term survival of your pasture. The less land you have, or the more horses you pasture per acre, the more intensive management you will need to provide to maintain your pastures in healthy, useful condition.
Physiological state and size of horses grazing the pasture - Lactating mares with foals require almost twice as much feed as an idle mature gelding. Similarly, bigger horses graze more grass. Therefore, the number of horses your pasture will support should be adjusted based on the size and physiological state of the horses.
Municipal restrictions - Check with your local municipality to see if there are any regulations concerning horsekeeping. Areas may have regulations regarding number of horses allowed, odour, flies, disposal of manure and drainage onto neighboring properties.
Keep in mind, there are limits to a particular property's ability to support animals. Sadly, you may have to face the fact that you just cannot house the number of horses you would like at your current location without causing detrimental effects to the environment.
Calculating Stocking Rates
When determining the number of horses your pasture can support or the amount of land needed to support the grazing of your horses, you are calculating the "stocking rate".
The following equation can be used as a guideline for determining the number of pasture acres required for grazing:
For example, say you have two, 1,100-lb horses and you want to graze them for 3 months. You estimate your pasture will produce an average of 2,000-lbs of forage per acre in that 3-month period (refer to Table 9 for average pasture forage production or well managed pastures).
Table 10 shows some reasonable estimates for the number of acres needed to support an average 1,100-lb horse for one month of grazing, based on the annual precipitation and the quality of the pasture.
Grazing Management
Managing the grazing of your horses will have a greater effect on the productivity of your pasture than almost any other factor, including the species of forage growing there.
Two important practices that need to be implemented into your grazing management plan are proper timing of grazing and a restoration schedule.
Time to eat
A simple way to determine if your pasture is ready to graze is to measure the height of the forage (Figure 26). Using a ruler, record the height of the vegetation as it stands naturally (do not stretch or extend leaves) at several locations within the pasture and average the heights. Each 2.5 cm (1 in.) you measure is equivalent to approximately 100 to 250 kg (200 to 500 lbs) of forage.
A pasture should contain at least 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in.) of growth before horses are allowed to graze. This rule for grazing height holds true whether you are just turning your horses out in the spring, or you are returning them to a field that was allowed to regrow after a period of rest.
Grasses and legumes need time for sufficient growth before grazing is allowed. If grazed too early, plants may die and be replaced by undesirable plants species and weeds.
Figure 26. A pasture should contain at least 15-20 cm (6-8 in.) of growth before grazing is allowed. Horses should be removed from a pasture when plants are grazed down to 8-10 cm (3-4 in.).
A little R'n R
Knowing when to stop grazing is just as critical to maintaining a productive pasture as deciding when to begin grazing. Pastures must have a periodic rest from grazing, so they can recuperate.
Once horses have grazed the majority of the grass in a pasture down to 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in.), remove the horses from the pasture. Never allow grass to be grazed shorter than 8 cm (3 in.). This practice ensures that the grass will have enough food reserves to permit rapid regrowth. You can put horses back on pasture when the grass has regrown to about 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in.).
Regrowth of pasture plants usually takes two to six weeks, depending on the time of year. In the spring, forages grow twice as fast as they do during the summer, so pasture rest periods may be shorter in the spring and longer in the summer and fall.
Rotating horses through a series of pastures (termed .rotational grazing.) or removing horses from pastures for part of the day (known as "limited grazing") are practices that will provide rest periods.
The key to maintaining a productive pasture is to manage your horses so that grazing removes only a certain amount of the plant and leaf area, leaving enough behind for the plant to recover and begin regrowing again.
Grazing Systems
Several grazing schemes can be used to control your horse.s grazing and, at the same time, to promote healthy pastures. Keep in mind that no one grazing scheme is best for all situations, and a combination of techniques may work best for you.
Rotational grazing
The concept behind rotational grazing is to break up larger pastures into smaller sections, so you can control your horse's grazing in a smaller area. This practice encourages the horses to be less selective and to graze the available forage more evenly. Once one section is grazed down, the animals are moved to a new section while the grazed section is allowed to rest and recover from grazing and hoof damage.
As a first step towards a rotational grazing system, you may want to first try dividing an existing large pasture in half and then alternate grazing. Then, try further subdividing the pasture after you gain some experience (Figure 27).
Ideally, you want at least four smaller pastures that provide enough grazing for seven to ten days.This grazing duration gives each pasture a rest of three to five weeks. As the grass matures and growth slows during the summer, you will likely have to decrease grazing time and increase resting time.
The movement of horses should be based on the growth rate of the pasture and the specific height of the forage, not on the calendar. Begin grazing when the forage is 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in.) tall. Once horses have grazed a pasture down to 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in.) rotate them onto the next pasture.
In spring and early summer, when growth is fast, you may find that your horses cannot keep pace with the rapidly growing grass in your pastures. While you could wait for your horses to graze one pasture down to 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in.), the forage in your other pastures would mature and quickly become less palatable. Instead of waiting, you might choose to move your horses to other sections sooner, so they have a chance to graze the tops of all pastures. Alternatively, you might be able to harvest hay from one or more pastures that cannot be effectively grazed in the spring and early summer.
If the size of your available acreage is small, you may find that your first pasture has not yet recovered to grazing height by the time you have rotated through all the other pastures. To avoid overgrazing, supplemental feeding and/or reduced or restricted grazing time may have to be used to give each pasture adequate rest.
There may be several options for dividing your pasture into smaller plots for rotational grazing. Remember that all sections must allow access to water. Also, try to divide pastures in such a way that horses can have access to shade or shelter, especially if they will be confined to these areas for more than a few hours (Figure 27).
Figure 27. Options for dividing your pasture to facilitate rotational grazing.
Grazing pressure valve
If pasture forage is in short supply, either because of limited acreage, seasonal slumps in pasture growth or too many horses, you can decrease the pressure on your pastures by:
For chore efficiency, you may want to keep the area close to the barn. You may have several turnout paddocks that you rotate stalled horses through during the day. Alternatively, you could set up a sacrifice area for each horse as a run off of each stall.
The amount of land you have available and the number of horses and their temperaments will all affect the size of the sacrifice areas you need. Approximately 100 square meters (1,000 ft2) will be needed for each horse. The shape of a sacrifice area can be square or it can be a long, narrow enclosure that allows horses to run and play. Approximately 6 to 9 m (20 to 30 ft.) wide by 30 m (100 ft.) in length will allow a horse to trot; 60 m (200 ft.) in length will allow a horse to canter.
Footing for the horses is an important consideration for sacrifice areas. The objective is to have a hard-wearing, steady surface that is able to cope with plentiful hoof traffic without degenerating into dust and mud. Hogfuel or woodchips may help eliminate the urine smell often present in outdoor confinement areas. Crushed rock (no larger than 5/8 in.) or sand will also work well in some situations.
The area should slope 2 to 4 per cent to avoid ponding of water and to reduce erosion. Roof runoff from barns and other structures should be drained away from the sacrifice area.
Fence me in
Portable electric fencing or tape is a simple and inexpensive way to create temporary paddocks in a large pasture to facilitate rotational grazing. And when it is time to rotate the horses into a new area, the electric barriers are easy to move. If you use only one tape or strand, then string it at a height of approximately 84 cm (33 in.); hang double strands at 50 and 90 cm (20 and 36 in.); space triple strands at 40, 70 and 100 cm (16, 28 and 40 in.). Easy-to-install electric fencing systems can be purchased from most farm supply stores.
Home on the Range
Many horses in Alberta may be grazing rangeland rather than cultivated pastures. The native vegetation in a rangeland ecosystem may involve hundreds of species that have evolved and adapted to the local soil and climate conditions over thousands of years.
Growth of native rangeland species typically follows rainfall. Because of this characteristic, most of the rangeland growth occurs in early summer, with very little occurring thereafter unless it rains (see Table 11).
Because the majority of growth occurs at one time, maintaining horses on native rangeland can be quite a challenge. Rangeland can easily be overgrazed unless forage production is matched with grazing pressure.
Tips for managing the grazing of horses on native rangeland:
Hazardous Material
Because horses are very selective grazers, they are extremely good at avoiding poisonous plants -- as long as they have a choice. When pastures are overgrazed and horses are hungry or bored, they are more likely to try a plant that could be harmful. Some of the poisonous plants found in Alberta are listed below. If you identify a potentially harmful species of plant in your pasture, it should be removed. Contact your veterinarian if you suspect poisoning.
Potential poisonous plants
Arrowgrass (Triglochin maritima)
Chokecherry (Pruunus spp.)
Death camas (Zgadenus spp.)
Dogbane (Agocynum spp.)
Early yellow locoweed (Ocytropis macounii)
Horsetails or scouring rush (Equisetum spp.)
Lady's-thumb (Polygonum spp.)
Low Larkspur (Delphinium bicolor)
Tall Larkspur (Delphinium glaucum)
Lupines (Lupinus spp.)
Milk-vetch (Astragalus spp.)
Monkshood (Aconitum spp.)
Mustards (Brassica spp.)
Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia)
Showy milkweed (Asclepias spp.)
Western water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii)
Horses are selective grazers, eating some plants close to the ground and leaving others untouched. Plants also grow rapidly around manure piles, as a result of the added fertility of the manure and because horses avoid grazing near these spots, so you will want to mow.
Mowing can increase the quantity and quality of grazing. Mowing your pastures cuts all the plants to the same height, stimulating more uniform regrowth and preventing grass plants from getting too tall and tough to be appetizing to horses. Cutting down weeds before they have a chance to go to seed is also a very important weed management technique.
Set your mower deck to a height of 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in.). Ideally, pastures should be clipped before grass seed heads emerge (.heading.) to encourage plants to produce leafy, higher quality vegetation. If you use rotational grazing, clip your pastures immediately after you remove your horses from the grazed area.
Pastures will also benefit from harrowing the manure. Dragging the pasture spreads manure evenly over the grazing area, thereby recycling the nutrients back into the soil more effectively. Harrowing can be done when it is hot or cold, but it should be performed in dry weather.
Harrowing at this time breaks up the manure clumps, so they can dry out and kill intestinal parasite eggs and larvae. In contrast, spreading manure in warm, moist weather encourages parasite eggs to hatch and thrive, increasing the risk of reinfecting your horse. After scattering the manure piles, do not let the horses graze the area for three to four weeks.
Harrowing can easily be incorporated into a pasture rest-rotation schedule. Immediately after an area has been grazed and the horses have been removed, mow the area and harrow while the grass is short and the manure is still fresh.
Drought management tips:
Here are some tips for reducing the risk of reinfecting your horses on pasture:
Phone the Ag-Info Centre, toll-free in Alberta at 310-FARM (3276), for agricultural and forestry information.
© 2004 - 2017 Government of Alberta Copyright and Disclaimer


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WINTER PARK, Fla. (March 11, 2017) – The Tars emerged victorious, defeating Queens (NY), the second ranked team in the east region, by a score of 6-3 on Saturday afternoon. Rollins improves to 5-4 on the year. The Knights fall to 3-2 in their young 2017 campaign.
The Tars took two of the three doubles matches. Ahmed Albitar and Daniel Ferl were victorious out of the first position, defeating Sharvill Nawghre and Roman Laga, the top-ranked doubles pair in the east region, by a score of 8-6. Sami Kirberg and Ziad Melhaoui cruised out of the third spot, taking an 8-4 win.
The Tars captured four singles win to seal the victory. Francesco Racanelli easily dispelled Lucas Martinez, the No. 12 player in the east region, 6-3, 6-0. Albitar made it two for two on the day over Nawghre, the No. 5 singles player in the east, with a 6-4, 6-1 win. Melhaoui and Ferl each recorded wins out of the fifth and sixth spots respectively, Melhaoui is straight sets, while Ferl retired Cosme Jubera in three.
The Tars reach the halfway point in their 12 match home stand with a battle against New Jersey Institute of Technology on Monday, March 13. First serve is set for 10:30 a.m.


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Shadow Sweater by Corinne Niessner
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Shadow Sweater
The pattern changes from stripes to checks when your dog moves. Additional yarn needed is 20-60 yards each of 5 contrast color yarns. Use a dark color for the main to achieve maximum shadow effect.
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Powerball Winning Numbers March 28
March 29, 2012 by staff
Powerball Winning Numbers March 28, The Powerball winning numbers from Wednesday are 11, 16, 29, 50, 50 and Powerball 33. The jackpot for Tuesday's draw is estimated at $50 million on an annuity basis, according to the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL).
Players can now buy tickets online for Powerball's next scheduled draw which takes place on Saturday, March 31. Again, here are the Powerball winning numbers from Wednesday, March 28: 11 – 16 – 29 – 50 – 58 [Powerball] 33
On Thursday, MUSL announced that Powerball will have a rollover jackpot as no ticket matched all six numbers. For inquiries, the contact number for MUSL is (515) 453 – 1400.
Mega Millions has the biggest lottery jackpot in the world at $500 million, followed by Italy's Superenalotto at nearly $104 million and Powerball at $50 million.
$70 Million Winner >
Tara Ramirez, 37-years old of Hartsdale, Westchester County, claimed her $70 million Powerball jackpot prize on Monday, March 26. MUSL gave a ceremonial check on behalf of the Case Park, LLC, a limited liability company that Ms. Ramirez created after winning the February 25 drawing.
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Bride of the Century DVD (MY - Ch Tr, My, English Subtitled)
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Drama of the week
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Outside of her home state of Western Australia, however, Stanley remains little known to the general population, despite being named Australian of the Year in 2003.
It's surprising because Stanley has touched the life of every couple who has ever been pregnant in the past two decades.
Her early research contributed to the findings that women taking folate significantly reduced the rate of the birth defect spina bifida. Now folate is taken by pregnant women and it's also found in bread, but the latter occurred only after a decade-long battle led by Stanley.
These days Stanley, 64, is a self-described blend of "scientist and chief executive".
But she could not be further from the stereotype of scientific researcher.
No lab coat. No mad hair. Instead, she is a dynamic and fast-talking lunch companion, who is busy managing the Telethon Institute for Child Health Research in Perth, which she founded two decades ago. It now employs almost 500 people.
We meet for lunch at restaurant Table 78 in West Perth. The suburb was once the playground of the city's aristocracy and is dotted with grand old homes that have since become the offices of medical specialists. Many mining firms also reside there, such as those of Australia's two wealthiest women, mining heiresses Gina Rinehart and Angela Bennett.
For Stanley the restaurant choice is about convenience. It's a short walk from the institute. And business lunching is not high on her agenda even though she's constantly fund-raising.
"I usually swim at lunch times," she explains. "I have a break in the middle of the day and go and do laps at the pool with people from the institute. A lot of stresses go down the gurgler. Your hair looks terrible afterwards," she says laughing, "but that's OK."
The laps, while relieving stress, also keep her fit for the ocean swimming she does, that includes the arduous swim to Rottnest Island, 18 kilometres off Perth's coastline.
A glance at the menu and Stanley makes the snap decision of a light lunch of roasted tomato tart so she can indulge in the semifreddo dessert.
After being involved in child health and well-being for more than three decades, Stanley is despondent and blunt about Australia still failing miserably in the area.
On some international tables comparing wealthy nations, Stanley says Australia ranks below the median on measures from health, education, income, safety to self-esteem.
"Not one gold, silver or bronze," she says, indicating she would like to see Australia one day at the top of such tables.
"When you've got countries like Australia doing so badly in terms of child well-being you have to say, 'Wow, wake-up Australia, what's happening?' "
Stanley says more investment in research is one answer to the problem. The other may be the work she is doing with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. She chairs an OECD committee on child well-being, which is part of a broader project to devise a measure other than gross domestic product to evaluate a society's success.
"To have GDP as this singular measure of a society's success is [Margaret] Thatcher gone mad," Stanley says. "What excites me about this is we may be able to bring in a set of indicators which are really going to change the way people invest their budgets and run their countries. This is going to be much more conducive to the healthy development of children, which is the future of any country."
But even poor marks on child well-being against other wealthy nations haven't dented Stanley's optimism. An overachiever, she is rarely daunted by challenges, even overcoming breast cancer 11 years ago.
Stanley began her career studying medicine in Western Australia but realised early on that her preference for practising medicine lay in research. It was a decision rooted in the belief that it's unsustainable for governments and society to focus on treatment of diseases and disorders. Prevention is the answer.
And so in the '70s Stanley went to do a master's degree in epidemiology at the University of London. Now she holds a professorship at the University of Western Australia, several honorary doctorates, a swag of fellowships, sits on federal government committees focused on child health, research and innovation, and chairs the OECD committee.
Stanley expects this work will consume more of her time in the future. "The OECD work could be the next phase of my life."
But don't take this as Stanley flagging her intention to step down from the helm of the institute. Not yet.
"There's a myth that I'm incredibly important to the institute. Leadership is important. But there will be people much better than me coming on into its next stage. I think about who will replace me occasionally. The most exciting thing is I don't have to worry about it. We've got such a good product that we will be able to recruit a really top person to head up the institute . . ."
When the institute was founded its focus was on research into asthma, birth defects, cancers and neurological disorders in children and finding ways they could be prevented. But this has broadened over the years. With its three decades of data on children in WA it is now also mapping the increase in childhood disorders: birth defects, autism, intellectual disability and mental health disorders.
Some of the institute's researchers are asking the questions how real are the extent of these increases and what is the burden this places on society? How are the growing numbers of disorders affecting education, child protection, the justice system and public housing among many government services?
In others words, what is the financial cost to society?
"It's unsustainable to focus on treatment given the rising rates of all these problems," says Stanley. She uses an American example of how this can be so costly.
"If you look at the some of the American data of young blacks in prison, for example, about half have foetal alcohol syndrome. They have a preventable intellectual disability, which has given them a set of personality and other disorders. For example, they are retarded, they can't contain their anger, they have precocious sexual development, they're more likely to abuse drugs, they're unlikely to hold down a job, they're more likely to be homeless and on the streets. But is the only solution to foetal alcohol syndrome in 2010 to lock up people who have it?"
Stanley is from a family of scientists.
Her father, a virologist, worked on finding a polio vaccine. Her brother is a developmental and molecular biologist and her sister a veterinarian. Both live in the US.
Stanley says there has been much discussion internationally around the increase in children being diagnosed with autism and behavioural problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Stanley says if there is an epidemic in autism she doubts the cause is genetic.
"You don't get genetic shift that quickly. There's got to be other environmental things causing the increase or it's due to a change of diagnosis and there may be some other factors as well. For example, we know there's a higher rate of autism among babies who are born pre-term [before 37 weeks]. Also, we get very low rates of autism in the Aboriginal community. Does it mean autism doesn't exist in that community? Or is it that parents aren't agitating for services the way that middle-class parents are so they can put a diagnosis of autism on their kid and can get a label and they can get a service?"
It may sound harsh but Stanley, who is a mother and grandmother, isn't sparing the rod to spoil parents.
"If you look at [ADHD], it may well be that parents and some professionals are actually diagnosing kids who are in a normal spectrum of behaviour. Instead of our spectrum of behaviour becoming broader and more accepting of more unusual behaviours as normal we've narrowed it . . . It's a real mess of perhaps overdiagnosis in some areas and gross underdiagnosis in foetal alcohol syndrome, where we're not diagnosing three-quarters of the cases in Australia."
Stanley could talk for hours on her work but an area that she is passionate about is improving government services to Aboriginal communities. Despite successive government spending she says it's hard to identify one area from health to education that has succeeded in significantly improving the lives of the Aboriginal population.
The institute has eight Aboriginal researchers with post-doctoral degrees investigating this issue. "This whole project is getting at why we have failed to deliver effective services for Aboriginal people," Stanley says.
Determining what research ideas are going to attract funding is one of her strengths.
But getting that funding so her institute can attract top scientists from around the world remains a daily challenge.
"When people come and look at the institute, we look very successful," she says. "We've got a good building, good people and we're getting good grants. So people say: 'What is Fiona on about, why does she need more money?' It is expensive to do good research."
Table 78
1 Roasted tomato tart
1 Caramelised pear and walnut salad
1 Strawberry, orange and vanilla semifreddo
1 Mixed berry crème brûlée
Mineral water, flat white, peppermint tea
Total $83
The Australian Financial Review


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Pink cassette tape solo earring
Earring that is both fun and gorgeous! This reminds me of my childhood in two ways: the hama beads I use to play with and the mixtapes I still make for my friends.
This necklace is both signified and signifier. I wear it and it wears me and it has meaning in my eyes and in yours. Its language is oppression and freedom. It is also black.Tags: humor, accessories, jewelry, necklaces, conceptual, black, words, funny, typographyAdded 9 Years Ago from Etsy
Nosce TeipsumTags: jewelry, necklaces, Etsy, Cool Jewelry, etsy jewelry, nosce teipsum necklace, etsy pendant necklace, cool necklaces, etsy artistsAdded 10 Years Ago from Etsy


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Deal-breakers: smoking, hunting, cat allergies, religious devotion, valuing my body over my mind (not to look like a dualist, but it's a real paradigm in our culture).
I love good movies based on good books. I love Star Wars and Mirrormask and Marie Antoinette and 80s comedies like Heathers and Repo Man. I also love musicals, British comedies, and 50s B movies. And Tarantino.
TV: Joss Whedon (especially Buffy), Doctor Who, Torchwood, 30 Rock, Daily Show & Colbert Report, and of course Python and Blackadder. Currently watching The Walking Dead and Black Books. And obviously I like Sherlock and Downton Abbey. Addendum: new obsession: Game of Thrones.
Music: Tom Waits, Tori Amos, Rasputina, Amanda Palmer, Emilie Autumn, Jesca Hoop, Kate Bush, St. Vincent, The Magnetic Fields, Jay-Z, Kate Nash, Bitter Ruin, Buke & Gase, and other artists that use big words and dissonance. And, of course, Eagles, Styx, Paul Simon, Zappa, Utopia. I also love musical theatre, especially Sondheim.
Food: anything made well. I love Indian, Thai, Mexican, Chinese, Italian. Any pasta dish with browned butter and sage. I'm a vegetarian, but not so big on the salads. Carbs are my thing.
Tl;dr: I like lots of cool things and once I start talking about them I can't stop.
Yes, I know that's seven. I'm a hobbit.
1. Give my cat the ability to speak and understand English
2. Make my cat young and healthy forever so he can be my life companion
3. Never run out of wine and cheese money