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Reality Television and Politics in the Arab World: Preliminary Observations
TBS Journal, Fall 2006
Arab Reality TV: Promoting Pan-Arab love or stoking the flames of nationalism? (Photo of Star Academy courtesy IBA Media.)
The most popular and controversial television programs in the Arab world are "reality" shows like Super Star and Star Academy, broadcast by satellite to viewers from Morocco to Iraq. These shows claim to be live, non-scripted and therefore "real". Many rely on audience participation in the form of voting for favorite contestants. In the wake of controversy triggered by Super Star and Star Academy, some observers have hailed reality television as a harbinger of democracy in the Arab world. This article explores the complex ways in which Arab reality television can be described as political and poses questions about the role of reality programs in the Pan-Arab public sphere. Based on fieldwork, textual analysis, and interviews with television producers and market researchers, this article concludes with preliminary observations on the political implications of Arab reality television.
Reality television (1) entered Arab public discourse in the last five years at a time of significant turmoil in the region: escalating violence in Iraq, contested elections in Egypt, the struggle for women's political rights in Kuwait, political assassinations in Lebanon, and the protracted Arab-Israeli conflict. This geo-political crisis environment that currently frames Arab politics and Arab-Western relations is the backdrop to the controversy surrounding the social and political impact of Arab reality television, which assumes religious, cultural or moral manifestations. This article explores the connections between Arab reality television and the political, economic and socio-cultural forces that animate contemporary Arab public discourse. It offers observations on how public contention about reality television articulates these forces to issues such as inter-Arab relations, democratization and political participation. The article concludes with questions, to be addressed in future research, about the ways in which public contention around reality television overlaps and spills into Arab political life.
Specifically, this article offers preliminary analysis of public discourse surrounding three reality television programs, Super Star, Al Ra'is, and Star Academy, used as comparative case-studies to map the dynamics of contention in the Pan-Arab public sphere. The analysis is based on seven months of fieldwork in Beirut and Dubai in 2004 and 2005, including more than 100 interviews with people involved in production, promotion, evaluation, and research on the audience of Arab reality television programs, in addition to textual analysis of around 50 hours of the programs themselves.(2) This initial research indicates that reactions to Arab reality television fall in two broad camps. On one hand, there is a large group of young people and adults who follow reality television programs, some of them more or less regular viewers, others avid fans, making some reality television shows the most popular programs in Arab television history. On the other hand, there is a relatively small but vocal minority of religious leaders and political activists who have condemned reality television because in their judgment it violates Islamic principles of social interaction and/or facilitates cultural globalization characterized by Western values of individualism, consumerism, and sexual promiscuity.
This article recognizes that opinions on reality television in the Arab region are more diverse than the two broad categories mentioned above, including those who dismiss reality television on the grounds that it is contrived dramatically, mediocre artistically, or simply not very interesting. To that end, it seeks to distinguish competing political, religious and economic discourses that are compelled into public debate on the impact of reality television on Arab societies. This article is drawn from a working book manuscript,(3) and therefore it is best construed as offering a set of preliminary observations rather that definite interpretation. These observations will focus on the overlaps between popular culture and politics in the context of the public controversy surrounding reality television, within the framework of the relationship between the broad categories of "politics" and "entertainment."
Politics and Entertainment
Long treated as two distinct and separate spheres, the realms of politics and entertainment have become increasingly related in mass mediated societies where they both rely on celebrity and public recognition. The overlap is probably most pronounced in the United States since 1992, when presidential candidate William Jefferson Clinton played his saxophone on MTV. This issue took surreal dimensions nearly a decade later when World Wrestling Federation ex-star Jesse "The Body" Ventura won the governorship of Minnesota as a third party candidate against two powerful mainstream opponents. In the late 1990s, US television, from celebrity gossip shows to serious network news, was abuzz with rumors of Hollywood stars and business tycoons running for political office: Warren Beatty, Clint Eastwood and Donald Trump were imputed political ambitions, rumors that most of them did nothing to undermine. Even after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, when pundits proclaimed the end of both innocence and insouciance, and the return to more serious matters of state, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born Mister Universe turned Hollywood action hero, was elected governor of the American state of California. Michael Moore's Academy Awards diatribe against George W. Bush in 2004 was watched by millions throughout the world, triggering widespread commentary in the international and Arab press. The United States continues to be, in the words of Neil Gabler, the "republic of mass entertainment."(4)
Elsewhere in the world, the connection is less patent, but signs of it exist everywhere. The transformation of Cicciolina from porn-star to member of the Italian parliament, Bob Geldof's crusade for debt relief in the developing world, and Indian movie stars dabbling in politics, are all indications of blurring boundaries between entertainment and politics, with most "cross-overs" being from the former to the latter. In Egypt, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, newspaper cartoons and comedic television programs have long been a platform for caustic political satire, with the special Ramadan broadcast of Tash ma Tash, a Saudi television comedy, stirring controversy in Saudi Arabia at the time of this writing.(5) The connection between politics and entertainment in the developing world sometimes takes indirect forms. In India, the television broadcasts of the historical Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata, were concomitant with a changing political landscape, and by some accounts, to the redefinition of politics in India.(6) In Latin America, telenovelas often take on politicized socio-economic themes.
In most of the non-Western world, cultural production is an arena where various forces struggle to define national identity in ways that are more contentious than in the West. For example, the commoditization of the female body in popular culture, which in the West is often marginally discussed as a moral issue, creates major controversies in the non-Western world, where women's roles are central to historical memory and national identity. In short, the impact of entertainment television on public discourse in developing countries(7) is explained by "popular culture's ability to produce and articulate feelings [that] can become the basis of an identity, and that identity can be the source of political thought and action."(8)
That popular culture creates identities with political potential, or perhaps more accurately, that it integrates already existing group identities and serves as a platform for their exaltation in public discourse, is made clear by the controversy surrounding Arab reality television. Reality television broadcasts are public events in Arab countries, compelling various actors to articulate competing social identities and political agendas in a process of public contention whose objective is to favor one or another vision of the good society.(9) Because of its high visibility, popular culture in general and reality television specifically, is a magnet for contentious politics because the upheaval over its implications for Arab societies stands for a larger, ongoing debate about Arab-Western relations and socio-cultural change. The overlap between popular culture and politics exposes fault-lines in Arab societies as the popularity and controversial status of reality television brings to the surface latent socio-political tensions.
To illustrate these processes of contention, this article takes three reality television shows as case-studies. The first is Super Star, the Arab version of Pop Idol or American Idol, the second is Star Academy, the Arab version of Fame Academy, and the third is Al Ra'is, the Arabic version of Big Brother(10) . The first was produced by Future Television, a Lebanese channel owned by the family of the late Rafiq al-Hariri; the second was launched by the Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC); the third was broadcast by the Dubai-based, Saudi-owned Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC). Superstar and Star Academy were shot in Lebanon, Al Ra'is in Bahrain. The first two have been extremely popular among Arab audiences and have garnered record advertising rates, with Star Academy being unequivocally the most popular and probably the most controversial satellite television program in Arab history. The third program, Al Ra'is was shut down one week after it went on the air in 2004, due to intense controversy including street demonstrations in Manama, Bahrain's capital. Public discourse around these programs illustrates how various groups use them to articulate and legitimate competing ideological agendas. In particular, after exploring the emergence of nationalist speech in tandem with reality television broadcasts, my observations focus on how business and religious leaders, among others, use the visibility of reality television to increase the public's exposure to their views.
Reality Television and Inter-Arab Rivalries
Developments in the Arab media industry during the last 15 years are dominated by a trend towards regionalization.(11) Nationally oriented terrestrial television channels and national daily newspapers remain popular and influential in some Arab countries, but regional satellite television channels such as Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya, LBC and MBC, and regional newspapers such as Al Hayat, Asharq Al Awsat and Al Quds Al Arabi, all three London-based, have a strong following and usually set the terms and rhythm of Pan-Arab public discourse. Like other regional media industries in Latin America and South East Asia, Arab satellite television tends to produce programs that appeal at once to city dwellers in Baghdad and Casablanca and to rural viewers in the Egyptian sa'id and the Lebanese jurd, although it is mostly focused on urban middle-class viewers that appeal to advertisers. Additional trends underscoring Arab satellite television's trans-regional mode of address include (1) the development of what is now known as "white Arabic," a media compatible, simplified version of Standard Modern Arabic that is becoming a lingua franca for regional public discourse, (2) the advent of stars with regional appeal (whether they are journalists, program hosts, singers, or to a lesser extent, actors) and (3) the standardization of production practices in Beirut, Cairo and Dubai.(12)
At another level, the rising popularity of television formats that Arab channels purchase from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom and then adapt to Arab audiences has brought to Arab screens a flurry of what can be called "hybrid" programs because they combine a "global" format developed in Western Europe or the United States, with "local" content that appeals to the cultural sensibilities of specific audiences. In 2004 and 2005, many media executives in Beirut and Dubai said to me that "the gossip in the [satellite television] industry used to be about who is creating what, and now the gossip is about who is purchasing which format." In my interviews with satellite television professionals, there were no indications of dissatisfaction with this situation, since in most cases importing program ideas and adapting them is less arduous than creating original programs(13) Clearly, television format adaptation suits satellite television channels because it allows them to bypass several steps in the production process and to fashion programs for a Pan-Arab audience living between Rabat and Baghdad. The resulting productions mix elements from "East" and "West" and draw on the cultural repertoires of various Arab countries. The cultural hybridity of these programs, and many of them belong to the reality genre, contributes to unpredictable audience reactions and, as we shall see shortly, heated public debates.(14)
Regionalization is well established in the Arab satellite television industry as a business and marketing strategy. Many promotion and marketing managers I spoke with in Beirut and Dubai wax lyrical when conjuring up visions of a Pan-Arab audience whose millions of viewers transcend inter-Arab divisions. Politically and culturally, however, regionalization is skin deep, as demonstrated by expressions of rivalry between Arabs from different countries during the 2003 broadcast of Future Television's Super Star. Launched with great success in 2003, this Arabic version of Pop Idol raised Future Television's stature both nationally and regionally as thousands of Arabs auditioned to participate in the program and millions watched and voted for their favorite contestants. Super Star rested on the basic premise of singers performing on stage in front of three jurors. Elias al-Rahbani, member of Lebanon's most famous musical family, donned edgy eyewear and black turtlenecks to play the role of juror-in-chief, a convincing if a bit contrived copycat of Simon Cowell, the acerbic music producer and jury leader in the American version of the show, American Idol.(15)
As it reached its final weeks, Super Star's competition turned from an artistic competition between individual contestants to an international rivalry in which each contender was primarily performing as a representative of their country.(16) From the early weeks of the program, viewers could see the flag waving by the in-studio audience, and text messages feeding into television tickers depicted patriotic statements often accompanied by icons of national flags whose on-screen appearance was made possible by Multimedia Messaging Service. Even before the last couple of weeks when the competition intensified significantly, there were reports that voting was occurring on national bases, which meant that the wealthy inhabitants of the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates) would give Super Star contestants from those countries an edge in the competition. However, with the presence of the jury, artistic talent was a determining factor,(17) and the three semi-finalists were a Jordanian woman, a Lebanese man and a Syrian man. This combination of nationalities created controversy. When the Lebanese competitor was eliminated in the semi-final, riots broke out in Beirut and fans stormed the stage in protest, as Lebanese converged to the studios in large demonstrations. Fuelling this discontent was a rampant rumor that Syrian political pressure led to the elimination of the Lebanese candidate. Syria, euphemistically dubbed by Western news agencies as Lebanon's "power broker," in fact micro-managed all Lebanese affairs until Syrian troops withdrew from Lebanon in April 2005 under the combined pressure of massive street demonstrations in Beirut and United Nations resolution 1559 co-sponsored by France and the United States. Until the withdrawal, the head of Syrian military intelligence in Lebanon was the de facto ruler of the country, and the Lebanese believed that very little happened in Lebanon without Syrian approval or intervention. It was therefore not surprising that Lebanese viewers were suspicious about the transparency of the process that led to the elimination of their national contestant.
In addition to these complicating issues between Lebanon and Syria, modern Jordanian-Syrian relations have been riddled with tension for various political reasons, including Syrian resentment about the Hashemite monarchy's historically compromising stance towards Israel. The voting frenzy surrounding Super Star became a competition between these countries. When Super Star fever reached Syria itself, telecommunications companies installed billboards on Damascus thoroughfares promoting the Syrian contestant and exhorting Syrians to perform their national duty and vote for him. In interviews with Western press agencies, Syrians on the street were unequivocal: They were voting for him because he was Syrian. The fact that he was a good performer was just fine, but his national identity was the primary motivation for their participation in the show.(18) Special mobile telephone lines were devoted to the endeavor. In Jordan, rumors spread of a full-fledged national mobilization. King Abdallah himself was reported to have instructed officers in the Jordanian armed forces to issue orders to the soldiers under their command to vote for Diana Carazon, the Jordanian candidate who ultimately was crowned "Superstar of the Arabs." Businesses exploited the situation as a marketing opportunity, with an ice cream parlor offering free ice cream for those who vote for Diana Carazon, and a car dealership took an ad in the daily Al-Dustour advertising a 2003 sedan that it would give to Diana Carazon.(19) Jordan's telecommunications companies, who were poised to make large profits from their share of the voting bills,(20) entered the fray, with Fastlink and Mobile Com pledging "full support" and launching a daily print advertising campaign urging readers to support the Jordanian contestant and vote for her(21) .
Super Star stimulated patriotic feelings among its viewers that were exploited by political leaders and the corporate world. As an Associated Press wire report described it, "Arab 'Idol' [was] a Battle of Nations."(22) This battle was all the more visible because of the enormous Pan-Arab audience that Future Television's flagship program attracted: More than 30 million viewers watched the finale of Super Star 1,(23) and 4.8 million voted, 52 percent for Diana Carazon.(24) The division of passions and votes according to national affiliations undermines claims that Pan-Arab satellite television is uniting Arabs "from the (Atlantic) Ocean the (Persian) Gulf" in one community of feeling. While there are burning issues with transnational appeal, such as the plight of Palestinians and Iraqis under occupation, they appear to cede the way, even if temporarily, to more provincial affirmations of patriotism in the course of voting in popular reality television programs such as Super Star.
1. The boundaries of the reality television genre are notoriously porous. In this article the moniker "reality television" refers to programs that have defined themselves as "reality television," which applies more to Star Academy and Al Ra'is than to Super Star. However, the latter was included in discussions of reality television in Arab public discourse, and therefore in this study.
2. Because of space considerations, it is impossible to include verbatim material from the interviews and detailed textual analyses in this chapter, which will have to await the book-length treatment.
3. Marwan M. Kraidy, Screens of Contention: Arab Media and the Challenges of Modernity, book manuscript in progress.
4. Neil Gabler, Life the Movie: How Entertainment Conquered Everyday Life (New York, 1998).
5. Tash ma Tash is produced privately for Saudi TV, but was broadcast by MBC during the 2005 Ramadan season. Other controversial Ramadan programs include Al Hawr Al-Ayn, a Syrian dramatic series broaching the phenomenon of terrorism in Arab societies, also broadcast by MBC, which generated heated debate from the mainstream Saudi press to radical Islamist internet fora.
6. Arvind Rajagopal, Politics after Television: Hindu Nationalism and the Reshaping of the Public in India (Cambridge, 2001)
7. For discussions of this issue in various regions of the world see Nestor García-Canclini, Consumers and Citizens: Globalization and Multicultural Conflicts (Minneapolis, 2001) and Jesus Martín-Barbero, From the Media to Mediations: Communication, Culture and Hegemony (London, 1993) for Latin American; for India, Walter Armbrust, Mass Culture and Modernism in Egypt (Cambridge, 1996) and Lila-Abu Lughod, Dramas of Nationhood: The Politics of Television in Egypt (Chicago, 2005), for Egypt; Marwan M. Kraidy, Hybridity, or the Cultural Logic of Globalization (Philadelphia, 2005), pp 116-147, for Lebanon, and Patrick D. Murphy and Marwan M. Kraidy, Global Media Studies: Ethnographic Perspectives (London, 2003) for various other regions and countries, including Lebanon and Mexico.
8. John Street, Politics and Popular Culture, (Philadelphia, 1997), p. 10. Also, the globalization of American political campaigning and electioneering practices, with their heavy reliance on television, should also be mentioned as a factor tightening the connections between politics and popular culture worldwide.
9. "Visions of the good society" include an Islamist order based on the life of the salaf, or ancestors from the early days of Islam, and the freedom to make money for media corporations.
10. The Arabic name adds another layer to the Orwellian connotation of the name Big Brother, since Al-Ra'is means "president" or "leader" in Arabic, and has the same root with the word ra's, Arabic for "head."
11. For more on the regionalization of Arab media, see Jon Alterman (1998) New Media, New Politics? (Washington, DC), Marwan M. Kraidy (2002). Arab Satellite Television Between Globalization and Regionalization, Global Media Journal, 1, 1, Naomi Sakr, Satellite Realms: Transnational Television, Globalization and the Middle East (London, 2002), and Marwan M. Kraidy and Joe F. Khalil (2006, forthcoming), "Current Trends in the Arab Television Industry," in Media Globe: Trends in International Media, Y. Kamalipour and L. Artz (Eds.), Lanham, MD, Rowman and Littlefield.
12. Made possible by satellite technology, this regionalization is driven by economic calculations. In news, regionalization has created an "anywhere but here" trend whereby satellite television channels tend to criticize all governments, politicians, etc, except those from the country in which they are based. It is well known, for example, that Al Jazeera's editorial line, which is critical of Arab governments, rarely raises questions about Qatari affairs, especially government performance. However, Al Jazeera's relentless criticism of Saudi Arabia's rulers creates a kind of "asymmetrical interdependence" between Qatar and Saudi Arabia by giving more influence to the former. In that context, the creation of Al Arabiya by the Saudis aims at restoring the asymmetry to its fullness between Qatar and Saudi Arabia by undermining Al Jazeera's influence. For a detailed discussion of these issues, see Marwan M. Kraidy and Joe F. Khalil (2006, forthcoming), "Current Trends in the Arab Television Industry," in Media Globe: Trends in International Media, Y. Kamalipour and L. Artz (Eds.), Lanham, MD, Rowman and Littlefield.
13. The logistical complexities inherent in reality television programs has led to the rise of the position of "executive producer" in Arab television to supervise all the "story producers" and other "producers" whose task focuses on a single aspect of a reality show. For this insight I am indebted to Joe Khalil, who was recently creative director for a reality television program at MBC in Dubai.
14. For a detailed discussion of hybrid media programs, see Marwan M. Kraidy, Hybridity, or, the Cultural Logic of Globalization (Philadelphia, 2005), pp 97-115.
15. The discussion will refer mostly to the first installment of Super Star in 2003, later dubbed Superstar 1 in light of newer seasons of the program. When subsequent installment are discussed, they are referred to as Super Star 2 or Super Star 3. Simon Cowell is the acerbic leader of the panel of judges in American Idol, the US version of the same program.
16. Among other reports on this issue, see Bassem Mroue, "Arab world's version of American Idol has nationalistic bent"
17. I discovered that there is a consensus among media professionals and journalistic critics of television that Super Star featured "real voices," while Star Academy featured contestants with flamboyant or camera-friendly personalities, but with lower-caliber voices. Press commentary expresses the same consensus.
18. "Arab Idol a Battle of Nations," Beirut, Associated Press, 18 August 2003. For a more detailed treatment of how Super Star was received in Syria, see Tyler MacKenzie, The Best Hope for Democracy in the Arab World: a Crooning TV "Idol"? Transnational Broadcasting Studies (13), 2004.
19. "Arab Idol a Battle of Nations," Beirut, Associated Press, 18 August 2003.
20. In order to vote, viewers call "toll" numbers, with a charge several times higher than the price of a normal phone call. Profits are divided according to pre-set agreements between television channels and telecommunications companies.
21. "Pan-Arab song contest fuels passions in Jordan," 17 August 2003, Jordan Times.
22. Idol a Battle of Nations, Beirut, Associated Press, 18 August 2003.
23. Maalouf, Lynn (2004, January 14). "Western television craze makes assured debut on region's networks," Daily Star.
24. Abou Nasr, Maya (2004, 4 February). "Who wants to be a Superstar? 12,000 do," Daily Star. According to the same source, the fever carried through into the next season: Responding to casting calls on the screens of Future Television, 60,000 people applied and 40,000 auditioned for Super Star 2.
25. Habeas, Abed, "Palestinian singing finalist tunes into nationalism," Associated Press/ Boston Globe, 23 August 2004
26. These include Western press reports and newspaper articles throughout the Arab world.
27. MBC staff ––from management to the producers and directors involved in Al Ra'is–– were reluctant to discuss the issue during personal interviews I conducted in Dubai in 2004 and 2005. However, information gleaned in fieldwork leads me to believe that there were factors internal to MBC that contributed to the controversy, to be discussed in the book-length treatment. Other factors to be explored in the larger study could include ever-present tensions between the majority Shiis and ruling Sunnis in Bahrain.
28. MacFarqhar, Neil, "A kiss is not just a kiss to an angry Arab TV audience," The New York Times, 5 March 2004.
29. Reality television's claim to be "real" is an issue that has received significant scholarly attention, for example in Mark Andrejevic, Reality TV: The Work of Being Watched (Lanham, MD, 2004) and Annette Hill, Reality TV: Audiences and Popular Factual Television (London, 2005). In my ongoing book project mentioned in the first note, I argue that this issue is even more important in the Arab context where defining social reality is a highly contentious matter as it is at the heart of issues of cultural and religious authenticity and Arab and Islamic relations with the Western world.
30. MacFarqhar, Neil, "A kiss is not just a kiss to an angry Arab TV audience," The New York Times, 5 March 2004.
31. "The reality of Reality TV in the Middle East," www.albawaba.com/ news/printArticle.php3?sid= 271966&lang=e, 7 March 2004.
32. "The reality of Reality TV in the Middle East," www.albawaba.com/ news/printArticle.php3?sid= 271966&lang=e, 7 March 2004.
33. "The reality of Reality TV in the Middle East," www.albawaba.com/ news/printArticle.php3?sid= 271966&lang=e, 7 March 2004.
34. The socio-economic arguments could be described as "emergent" while Islamist claims can be said to be "established," a distinction admittedly in need of elaboration. While in this case the show was canceled, the fact that Gulf Arab politicians opposed public claims that shroud themselves in religion is significant, as is MBC's rhetorical gesture to use "Arab" as "opposed" to "Islamic" in its corporate statement, even when there is connotative overlap between the two adjectives.
35. "The reality of Reality TV in the Middle East," www.albawaba.com/ news/printArticle.php3?sid= 271966&lang=e, 7 March 2004.
36. Al Hawa Sawa was a match-making program produced by Arab Radio and Television (ART) in which 8 single women competed for a marriage proposal. The program was shot in Lebanon.
37. MacFarqhar, Neil, "A kiss is not just a kiss to an angry Arab TV audience," The New York Times, 5 March 2004. Al-Hawa Sawa, an Arab reality television pioneer, featured a group pf unmarried women competing for a husband.
38. Because a large section of the Lebanese population is Francophone and some of it Francophile, the low-cost pirate cable operations offer a variety of French channel as part of their line-up.
39. While the discussion moves between Star Academy 1 (2003-2004) and Star Academy 2 (2004-2005), the first installment was a greater Pan-Arab media event, but the latter was more explicitly politicized in the wake of Hariri's assassination.
40. Personal interview with Roula Saad, Director of Promotion, Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation, Adma, Lebanon, 5 July 2005.
41. In addition to LBC boss Pierre al-Daher, whom I interviewed on July 5, 2005 and August 21, 2005, and Director of Promotion Roula Saad (5 July 2005), these include Sebouh Alavanthian (5 July 2005), director of the programming department, and Ronny Jazzar, president of Star Wave, an LBC affiliated production and promotion house (mid-July 2005).
42. Personal interviews I conducted with audience researchers at IPSOS-STAT OMD and PARC in Dubai and Beirut, June 2004 and June 2005, confirm what Sebouh Alavanthian, Director of the Programming Department at LBC, claimed: that Star Academy was successful with all demographic segments, although it particularly drew young viewers.
43. The overwhelming majority of text messages come from countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council, mostly from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates, which suggests a positive link between income levels and volume of text-messages.
44. Personal interviews conducted by the author with audience researchers at IPSOS-STAT OMD and PARC in Dubai and Beirut, June 2004 and June 2005.
45. The Kuwaiti information minister did lose his job in March 2005, in a cabinet reshuffle triggered by (among other factors) the powerful Islamic bloc in parliament wanted him out, and the new Minister stated he will reactivate a "unit" at the Ministry to "monitor" music videos and reality TV shows for offensive content. It is useful that Kuwait was then witnessing the peak of the struggle for women's political rights, which mobilized the Islamist political constituency.
46. Al-Dakhil, Mounira Mohammad, "Destructive Academy is Harmful to the Family," al-Riyadh, 27 February 2005.
47. This site was very active during the first season of Star Academy but has since then been taken off the World Wide Web.
48. While the Permanent Committee has issued opinion about mass media issues in the past, this is to my knowledge the first time that an entire fatwa is devoted to a single television program.
49. Technical developments such as Multimedia Messaging System (MMS) have encouraged national identification by inserting on the television ticker, a coloured flag of the country from which the call was made.
50. Interviews with five media professionals involved in the program indicate that there are other factors having to do with the interlocking media and political elites in Saudi Arabia, but these sources requested anonymity and asked that this issue not be discussed in detail at this time.
51. In a compromise with the Islamists, Star Academy 2 finalists did not give a concert in Kuwait. The concert given by Star Academy 1 finalists in Kuwait was the lightening rod of the Islamists. Some might also say that the law giving Kuwait women their political rights compromised with the Islamists when it stipulated that women's political participation was to be framed by vaguely mentioned "Islamic principles."
52. See for instance, the 7 March 2004, episode of the news show Al-Hadath, in which a Saudi journalist, a Lebanese advertising executive, a Lebanese psychoanalyst and LBC's Director of Promotion and Marketing, debated the program, interspersed with reports about the reception of Star Academy in various Arab countries.
53. There were many articles in the Western and Arab press presenting this argument, the latest being Carla Power, "Look Who's Talking," Newsweek International, 8 August 2005, pp 50-51. While this argument is worth considering, we should certainly be cautious not to exaggerate the democratizing impact of reality television, or at least give some time for systematic research on the topic before we make optimistic claims.
54. Again, caution is advisable in evaluating the political impact of this video clip, in distinction from its political connotations.
55. In hindsight, the visuals of the video clip bear an uncanny resemblance to the Beirut demonstrations in the spring of 2005, with the exception that in the video clip many Arab flags were waived while in Beirut all flags were Lebanese.
56. Various news stories in the Lebanese and Pan-Arab press in the second half of February 2005, including Annahar, Assafir and Al-Hayat.
57. At that time tensions between Syria and Lebanon reached their peak since the early 1990s, as there was a widespread suspicion that Syria contributed one way or another to al-Hariri's death. What occurred on the Star Academy 2 stage reflected popular discontent with Syria in Lebanon. Contrary to the clapping and dancing that usually accompanies the exit of a losing contestant, the amphitheater where the primes are shot was fully silent as the Syrian contestant stepped out.
58. I am referring here to Tyler MacKenzie, The Best Hope for Democracy in the Arab World: a Crooning TV "Idol"? Transnational Broadcasting Studies (13), 2004.
59. The amount of profit derived from voting is the best-guarded secret in the industry, and even journalists who cover the media offer informed speculation. Everyone I interviewed however agrees that significant profits are made from voting, and that in some cases they exceed advertising revenues.
60. " In Saudi Arabia and Lebanon, as in most other Arab countries, the media elite interlocks with the political elite, either through business or family relations."
61. A detailed discussion of the many ebbs and flows of this debate can be found in Patrick D. Murphy and Marwan M. Kraidy, Editors (2003). Global Media Studies: Ethnographic Perspectives. London: Routledge.
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Excellent article, very well structured and very true
Gulnar WAKIM
wooooow amazing!!
zainab zein
Fascinating insight - have you come across Taylor.P and Harris J.'s Critical Theories of Mass Media? (Open University Press, 2008) They argue that the profusion of reality TV in the west actually promotes 'explicitness without understanding' and a shift towards the 'politics of banality.' It will be interesting to see if cultural values in the Arab world can give the reality TV vehicle a significant political dimension or if authorities come to realize that its actually a powerful distraction away from real social issues.


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I am looking for someone that believes in honesty, loyalty, can have fun but also be serious. He has to have good family values, as for me family comes first. I don't put a lot of stock in whats outside I look for whats inside. I am also looking for a companion NOT a hook up or one night stand, I want a forever man.
Right now I am looking more for a friend then a relationship as I am not sure what the future holds for me. If you want to know more message me.
I am a sports fan and love to watch sports. Don't like it oh well.
I am honest and don't take a lot of bs off any one, its in the genes.
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my dad(passed)
Can a man really keep a commitment forever when he says he wants it as much as you?
Wondering if I will ever find someone that wants me for more then sex, women have brains also

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I have my variables stated globally, and at the end of each function, I want them to be updated globally, so that the next function is using the right numbers.
Does return do this? How do I go about using it?
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I have my variables stated globally, and at the end of each function, I want them to be updated globally, so that the next function is using the right numbers.
Does return do this? How do I go about using it?
what? I'm not 100% sure what you are asking, but return just returns a value from a function
So if I go...
return num;
it will take the variable that num and return it to where it was declared?
maybe. perhaps if you explain exactly what it is you are trying to do with a small accompanying code sample we can show you how to get the effect you are after.
Ok, I was asking the wrong question, sorry.
If I want to return a variable, does it need to be stated with the function?
As in, should it look like this?
More importantly, if I have a variable stated globally, every time I do something to it like change it's value (such as v = 15), wouldn't it be 15 in the next function I use it in? Regardless of returning it or not?Code:
#include <iostream>
int main(int num);
int sta();
int num;
using namespace std;
int sta()
cout<<"Number is "<<num<<endl;
int main(int num)
num = num + 1;
return num;
yes. If a variable is global, you can access it from everywhere and in a single threaded program then your last statement above would be true. Your code is flawed mind you.
Oops, nevermind, I figured out what I was doing wrong.
I was using return properly, but I wasn't in the right spot.
Sorry for horribly vague questions.
Yeah, that was kind of pseudo/very crappy code I threw together, then I realized I was pretty much doing it right already, but I was thrown off by a simple mistake elsewhere in my code.
Thanks everyone!
You really don't have to use the return to access the new data of num it is global so any function that modifies it will actually modify it and the next time it is used it will have those modifications done already I would recommend to you not to use globals they can get you into trouble sometimes.


text:
WHITE BEAR LAKE — Showing off its depth on Thursday, the top-ranked Stillwater girls' swimming and diving team outlasted White Bear Lake for a 93-88 Suburban East Conference victory at the White Bear Area YMCA.
The Ponies (4-0 SEC, 6-0) held many of their regulars out of the lineup and finished first in just five of 12 events, but had enough firepower to remain unbeaten this season.
"We went with a different set-up and spread the stuff around," Stillwater coach Brian Luke said. "It was a good chance to do that and it worked out real good for that second group of athletes to step up and be the ones who had to win the meet."
Competing with better lane assignments and the increased pressure that goes with it, Abby Kunze collected victories for Stillwater in the 200 individual medley (2:23.26) and 100 backstroke (1:05.39) and Lauren Quickel led a 1-2-3 finish for the Ponies in the 100 butterfly with a time of 1:05.57. Abby Peterson (1:09.82) and Hannah Keller (1:10.09) followed in second and third.
"It's fun for them being in Lane 4 and it's good to see how they handle it," Luke said. "It's funny how some kids compete well in JV and it's good to see what they can do.
"I thought Robyn Doughty's 500, that was a lifetime best for her, and Ava Howard in the backstroke and Olivia Bloomquist in the breastroke are really coming along. That's a couple of eighth-graders looking pretty good — you put them together and they don't weigh as much as my left leg weighs."
Stillwater also finished first and second in diving behind Liz Click (206.85) and Morgan Espelien (157.80), who qualified for sections with her runner-up performance.
"Morgan qualified for sections and Katie Clark made the section team," Luke said. "Morgan is really coming a long ways. This is the first year she's qualified for the section team and that's a cool thing to do as a senior because it shows her perseverance and hanging in there."
The Ponies closed out the meet with a victory in the 400 freestyle relay, with Abby Doeksen, Howard, Anne Campbell and Kunze posting a time of 4:00.10.
Stillwater 93, White Bear Lake 88
200 medley relay — 1. White Bear Lake 2:01.14; 2. Stillwater (Abby Kunze, Margaret Eisenbrandt, Lauren Quickel and Miranda Meier) 2:01.86; 3. Stillwater (Ava Howard, Olivia Bloomquist, Abby Peterson and Carley Christian) 2:05.85.
200 freestyle — 1. Reigh Claire Braaten (WBL) 2:07.64; 2. Robyn Doughty (St) 2:11.08; 3. Anne Campbell (St) 2:11.77; 4. Claire Summary (St) 2:17.76.
200 individual medley — 1. Abby Kunze (St) 2:23.26; 2. Megan Letkeman (St) 2:24.48; 5. Megan Weaver (St) 2:30.82.
50 freestyle — 1. Mikki Suchomel (WBL) 26.58; 2. Miranda Meier (St) 27.12; 3. Abby Doeksen (St) 28.32; 4. Lauren Quickel (St) 28.37.
Diving — 1. Liz Click (St) 206.85; 2. Morgan Espelien (St) 157.80; 5. Natalie Tri (St) 99.40.
100 butterfly — 1. Lauren Quickel (St) 1:05.57; 2. Abby Peterson (St) 1:09.82; 3. Hannah Keller (St) 1:10.09.
100 freestyle — 1. Linnea Johnson (WBL) 57.48; 2. Miranda Meier (St) 59.34; 3. Abby Doeksen (St) 1:00.95; 4. Alex Howard (St) 1:01.00.
500 freestyle — 1. Reigh Claire Braaten (WBL) 5:39.95; 2. Robyn Doughty (St) 5:40.78; 3. Megan Weaver (St) 5:46.92; 4. Ellie Speedling (St) 5:46.97.
200 freestyle relay — 1. White Bear Lake, 1:47.42; 2. Stillwater (Lauren Quickel, Abby Doeksen, Olivia Bloomquist and Miranda Meier) 1:49.00; 4. Stillwater (Carley Christian, Olivia Novotny, Robyn Doughty and Megan Weaver) 1:56.55.
100 backstroke — 1. Abby Kunze (St) 1:05.39; 2. Megan Letkeman (St) 1:06.17; 4. Ava Howard (St) 1:07.33.
100 breastroke — 1. Mikki Suchomel (WBL) 1:13.85; 2. Olivia Bloomquist (St) 1:15.93; 3. Margaret Eisenbrandt (St) 1:18.17; 5. Katie Clark (St) 1:19.23.
400 freestyle relay — 1. Stillwater (Abby Doeksen, Ava Howard, Anne Campbell and Abby Kunze) 4:00.10; 3. Stillwater (Megan Weaver, Alex Howard, Megan Letkeman and Robyn Doughty) 4:02.13.


text:
When 2 people are in bed. One is blindfolded and the others shoves a chunk of cheese up their ass. The blindfolded person then finds the cheese with their nose and sniffs it out.
That chick was so fast at playing cat and mouse
by Chompy Chuck November 06, 2015
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.Buy the mug


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Re: Music for Media. posted by Denis Pavlov posted by Denis Pavlov
1 post on this topic, 445 views
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text:
IBX Business Network Management Team
Meet the team
Nicklas Brändström
CEO, Head of IBX Business Network, Capgemini BPO
Contact me
Nicklas holds a Master of Science in Industrial Engineering and Management from Luleå University of Technology in Sweden and Curtin University in Perth, Australia. Nicklas has been with the IBX Business Network since the company was founded back in 2000 and has held various senior positions over the years. As Head of the IBX Business Network, Nicklas runs the leadership team and manages business orchestration, and he is also accountable for alignment with Capgemini BPO, where he has a position of Vice President.
Rebecca Uddman Moquist
Head of Marketing, IBX Business Network, Capgemini BPO
Contact me
Rebecca attended Berghs School of Communication, which Cannes Lions named the "Best Advertising School in the World". She also holds professional leadership and coaching qualifications from the NFI and the International Coach Federation. As a marketing professional with fifteen years of experience, she has a track record of successfully leading international projects involving cross-border and remote-based teams. In her spare time, she helps out at a number of different volunteer organizations. Rebecca joined the IBX Business Network in 2015.
Stefan Brönner
Head of IT Operations and IT Development, IBX Business Network, Capgemini BPO
Contact me
Stefan holds a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration from the University of Applied Sciences in Würzburg. Upon joining IBX in 2006, he was hired as part of the IBX Business Network after the acquisition of Portum, a company that Stefan founded back in 1999 after having worked for a multinational IT company. Stefan has held several IT roles based around architecture, technology operations and partnerships, including all tasks assigned to a CTO.
Gwynn Watkins
CFO, IBX Business Network, Capgemini BPO
Contact me
Gwynn is a Chartered Accountant from the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants and holds a Bachelor in Management Studies. Gwynn has 17 years of experience in consulting, finance, technology and management roles, working across organizations ranging from Top 5 consulting and audit firms to smaller entrepreneurial organizations. Since joining Capgemini's IBX Group in late 2005, Gwynn has held multiple positions, including Head of Operations, Technology, Consulting and most recently Chief Financial Officer.
Abdülkadir Tekin
Program Director, Head of Global Services and Customer Care (COO)
Contact me
Abdülkadir holds a Master Degree in Business Administration from the University of Lüneburg. He has more than 15 years professional experience in both management and consulting roles. Since joining IBX in 2001 he has run projects around SRM, Spend capture Cloud, Content Platform and eSourcing roll-outs for a variety of major German clients in various sectors including Telecom, Logistics, Manufacturing and Financial Services.
Brikt Grendar
Head of Public Sector Sales, IBX Business Network, Capgemini BPO
Contact me
Brikt holds a Bachelor of Management degree from the Norwegian Business School. He has been with the IBX Business Network since 2008 holding positions in sales and program management with a focus on Public Sector and Supplier Network. Brikt has more than 15 years experience in sales, 8 years with Purchase-to-Pay solutions.
Regine Böhm-Gams
Head of Product Management, IBX Business Network, Capgemini BPO
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Regine holds a Master of Physics from the Technical University Darmstadt in Germany. She has more than 16 years of experience in Consulting and Product Management in the eProcurement and eInvoicing sector. Regine joined the IBX Business Network in 2005, previously working at Trimondo, a start-up joint venture between Lufthansa and Deutsche Post DHL.
Arne Klewitz
Head of Account Management Europe, IBX Business Network, Capgemini BPO
Contact me
Arne holds a Master's Degree in Media Economics from the University of Applied Sciences Wiesbaden. He has over 13 years experience in procure-to-pay processes, consulting and solutions. His role involves managing delivery and driving value for our customers, as well as fostering continuous improvement, innovation and client intimacy. Since joining IBX nearly fourteen years ago, Arne has led several successful deliveries in EMEA and the Nordics in particular.


text:
Promising Picasso Exhibit
Congratulations to the 3rd through 5th grade students from Okatie whose artwork will be on display at the Hilton Head Mall from April 22 to May 6th. Parents, community memebers and visitors are encouraged to visit the exhibit. Students' work from throughout the county will be displayed. From OES the following students have work displayed: Sheila Flores, Rhett Weston, Julia Lingwall, Wei Wang, Stephanie Scavo, Wendy Wang, Allison Reinhardt, Turner McCaffery, Cody Carter, Richard Brannan, Agnes O'Brien, Cameron Holsclaw, Roberto Ramos, Stevi Pounder, Brooke Churchich, Khalil Mitchell, Zoey Miller, Wren Hershberger, Edgar Prada, Joanna Ryba, DJ Snyder, Kimberly DiPietro, Annie Maines, Taylor Brown, and Raquel Araya. Great job boys and girls! Many thanks to Rebecca Maher our art teacher for providing additional opportunties for the students to develop their creative talents.


text:
Hey Boy OnSugar Blog Features Lost Photos
Funny Tribute: Saying "Hey Boy" to Lost!
Funny Tribute: Saying "Hey Boy" to Lost!
OnSugar blog Hey Boy has a knack for saluting various celebrity men, but for the past few days, the blogger collective has been devoted to one thing: Lost! For the finale, the unique site has put its tongue-in-cheek spin on photos from the Lost finale. Click through for its funny take on the men of the departing show.
Photos copyright 2010 ABC, Inc.
0previous images
-26more images


text:
DuraBake? Any good?
I'm thinking of painting - just the receiver - of my AR. Just repainting it black.
Rather than using DuraCoat, which requires a paint sprayer, which I don't have, has anyone used DuraBake, which comes in a spray can?
You can buy a kit from DuraCoat that includes everything you need for $49.95
Manufacturer of DuraCoat Firearms Finishes
If you goes this route be sure to keep the propellant in a bowl of warm/hot water so it doesn't freeze.
No problem. Here is a link to the process I used for my CZ-82. Hope it helps.
Looks like CA357 has moved his Photobucket around, so I can no longer see the photos.
I clicked the link and it brought it up ok. Check post #2 for pics of my CZ-82 and post #8 for the process. If it doesn't work, PM me and I will send it to you.
You can do a good bake on finish for a lot less than $49.95
I did this Bulgy AK74 with this hi-temp, chemical resistant, enamel engine paint.
This paint is only about $8 a can.
Before coating my gun with this paint I did a test on a piece of steel,
after curing I scrubbed it with acetone and the paint didn't budge.
VHT Engine Enamel
Nitrox, how is that duracoat holding up it's been almost a year now?
Like a champ. I have more than 1000 rounds through it and looks the same.
Since this thread has been resurrected, I will tell you that I didn't go with DuraBake, but instead painted two rifles, my AR and my 10/22, with DuraCoat and they turned out great.
|All times are GMT. The time now is 03:22 AM.
Copyright ©2000 - 2017, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.


text:
Smoking cessation health centre
This article is from the WebMD News Archive
Smokers die about a decade earlier on average
24th January 2013 - Women who smoke are now just as likely to die of lung cancer and other smoking-related diseases as men and smokers of both sexes die, on average, about a decade earlier than non-smokers.
These are among the findings from two major studies examining trends in death rates among smokers published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease in the UK. It's estimated it causes more than 100,000 premature deaths every year.
Dr Michael Thun of the American Cancer Society, led a study that tracked smoking deaths over three time periods during the last 50 years. He says the new data confirms that women who smoke have the same risk for death as men.
The analysis included about 2.2 million US adults who were age 55 and older.
"When women smoke like men, they die like men," Dr Thun says.
Smoking rates among US women were among their highest in the late 60s when around one in three adult women smoked. In the UK smoking among women peaked at 45% in the same decade.
The study shows a 23-fold increase in the risk of dying from lung cancer among women smokers between1960 and 2000.
"It takes about 50 years for an epidemic to really get going, and we are just beginning to see the impact of the increase in smoking among women during this time period in terms of deaths from smoking," says Dr Thun.
Smokers who stop early gain years
In a second analysis, researchers determined that people who smoke into middle age lose about a decade of life to the habit, but smokers who stop before the age of 40 regain most of these lost years.
The researchers examined data on about 200,000 men and women over age 25 interviewed between 1997 and 2004, and identified about 16,000 who had died several years later.
They found that smokers who quit in their mid-30s to mid-40s gained about nine years of life. Those who quit from their mid-40s to mid-50s gained about six. Those who quit later than this, but before age 65, gained about four additional years.
Researcher Dr Prabhat Jha, of the Center for Global Health Research at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital, says a key message from this study is that it is never too early or too late for smokers to gain health benefits from quitting.
"Quitting smoking before age 40, and preferably well before 40, gives back almost all the decade of lost life from continued smoking," he says. "That's not to say, however, that it is safe to smoke until you are 40 and then stop."
"That's because former smokers continue to have a greater risk of dying than people who never smoked, but the risk is small compared to the huge risk of continuing the habit," Dr Jha says.
Today in smoking cessation
Mind, body & soul newsletter
health and wellbeing.


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2005 Ford Five Hundred SEL 3.0L Starter circuit, intermittent
Hello all. Well this one has been on going for months and
the customer is 88 years old and thinks it's a ghost of her
passed away husband. I know, it does get worse.
24 Replies Received (View Replies)
24 Replies Received (Hide Replies)
Related Documents & Media
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Message Closed w/FIX
Vehicle Data
2005 Ford Five Hundred SEL


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Product Description
The iPad Mini Universal Kneeboard Folio™ C (including clipboard) is the perfect high quality leather, rotating aviation kneeboard, lapboard and everyday case for your iPad Mini and virtually all 7 to 8 inch tablets! Now you can bring your iPad Mini with you into the cockpit of any airplane, train, car or truck where it can be held secure on your knee and lap. High quality, rich leather wraps the outside while soft and protective micro-fiber material lines the inside.
The iPad Mini / Tablet is held by adjustable clips that fit almost any 7 to 8 inch tablet. All of the ports and controls remain accessible so the iPad can be charged, synced and controlled when it is in its case.
The iPad Mini Universal Kneeboard Folio C was designed for the demanding and exacting needs of pilots and the cockpit environment, and available for all. It is designed to accommodate all preferences for how you like to use it - both right and left hand, attached to the right or left leg, as a traditional kneeboard with the clipboard on the outside or as a lap desk. The cover can be wrapped fully around the case so that only the iPad is available on your leg for those cockpits or spaces that have minimal space. The choice is yours. Any way you choose to use it, your iPad will be secure in its place.
- Made of high quality, genuine leather for a rich, luxurious feel
- iPad Mini low-profile rotating cradle provides solid rotation with stops every 5 degrees to secure the iPad Mini where you want it
- Two aluminum rails on the underside of the case frame your leg and hold the wide elasticized Velcro strap to hold the case securely and comfortably to your leg
- Four rubber pads on the rails allow the case to sit on a desk or table securely
- Can be used as a kneeboard or lapboard
- The MyGoFlight clipboard secures with magnets to the cover when used as a lap desk or to the outside of the cover when used as a kneeboard
- Cover can fold underneath the case to get out of the way in tight environments
- Leg strap is removable when using as an every day case
- Case strap is positionable to allow various desk-top configurations for tilting the iPad Mini in position for the iPad in either landscape or portrait positions
The built-in stand feature enables you to prop your iPad Mini at almost any angle on a table or other flat surface. A low slant is perfect for reducing wrist strain while typing on the iPad Mini on-screen keyboard. A higher angle gives you a perfect position for watching movies or photo slideshows or when typing with a wireless keyboard. When the stand is not needed it stores neatly against the case and turns into the case's closure system. This keeps the front of the case closed and your iPad Mini screen is protected when not in use.
Remove the strap and you have a beautiful every day case to hold and use your iPad Mini - one investment in a case can be used as a kneeboard/lapboard and as a protective case both.
- Dimensions: 8"L x 5.75"W x .75"D
- Kneeboard/Lapboard: Yes/Yes
- Material: Genuine leather
- Colors & Finish: Black Leather
- Port Access: All ports accessible
- Clipboard: Yes
- Aluminum Rails On Back: Yes with rubber feet
- Leg Strap: Yes
- Apple Smart Cover Compatible: No
Other Information
|Part #
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|iPad Type
|iPad Mini 1-3, iPad Mini 4
Customer Reviews
Write Your Own Review
Summary of Customer Ratings & Reviews
Overall Rating
(Out of 1 Reviews)
- I was disappointed that this product was not as well thought out as some of the other MyGoFlight products. I would like to have been able to buy this without the clipboard. For everyday use the kneeboad is great. Lots of compliments on its nice appearance. The detachable clipboard becomes easily detached when the kneeboard is open and charts and map are attached so I don't fly with it.
- Pros: The more you handle it the more luxuriously it looks due to the natural oils of your skin, skids work well even without the str
- Cons: There is a leather pocket on the inside which leaves a smudge right in the middle of the screen, this pocket should have been re
Showing Reviews 1 - 1
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"Service, Selection, and Prices were were excellent! Marv's is my new Aviation Store! - Susie (A320)"


text:
Twelve companies submitted competitive bids on the project to construct a new T-hangar building and taxilanes at Washington Regional Airport.
The bids, opened Thursday afternoon, range from a high of over $1.1 million to just under $750,000.
Brian Boehmer, assistant city administrator, said the bids will be evaluated before a recommendation is made to the city council on awarding a contract.
The estimated cost for the hangar and associated grading, paving and marking of taxilanes was $1.2 million, including design and engineering fees.
The new hangar is designed to house two large and 10 small planes.
Cannon General Contractors is the apparent low bidder. The company submitted a quote of $748,478.96.
Other bidders included:
R.V. Wagner Inc., $799,000; J.H. Berra Construction, $867,500; Kolb Grading, $882,068; Friese Construction, $921,000; Demien Construction, $942,360.77;
R.G. Ross Construction, $958,000; Gershenson Construction, $959,220; Steve and Associates, $975,040.73; Kozeny Wagner, $1,112,000; Lamke Trenching & Excavating, $1,145,951.20; and KCI, $1,166,708.51.
Since 2009, the city has accumulated approximately $550,000 in nonprimary entitlement grants through the Missouri Department of Transportation's Aviation Division, leaving a local match of about $650,000.
The hangar will be paid for by the city, which plans to refinance some bonds, according to Boehmer.
The city plans to reimburse the fund through rental fees collected from those renting hangar space.
The taxilanes and apron areas around the hangar will be funded by the aviation entitlement fund grants.
Last year, the city awarded separate contracts to CMT to design the hangar and taxilanes.
Under a tentative time line provided by CMT, construction could begin in late June.
Based on a 130-calendar day construction schedule, the project should be completed by November.
Currently, the Washington Regional Airport has 20 single hangar units and four large units.
There is a waiting list of more than 24 pilots seeking hangar space.


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Howard County Arts Council & No Boundaries to Present 'HOW TO SUCCEED,' 5/30-6/1
The No Boundaries theatre troupe, in cooperation with the Howard County Department of Recreation and Parks and the Howard County Arts Council, will present How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, the classic musical satire of corporate life and office politics.
The No Boundaries theatre troupe provides a means of creative expression for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The group has been performing since 1997, presenting a Broadway show each year that gives every participant the opportunity to sing, dance, and act in front of an audience. The performers and volunteers spend eight months preparing for the show, attending weekly rehearsals at the Howard County Center for the Arts' black box theatre. No Boundaries has grown into a group of participants who socialize outside of the rehearsals and enjoy community theatre together as well as bus trips to see shows on Broadway. Their Howie Award-winning director, Wayne Larrivey, has based the program on a barrier-free philosophy where individuals with disabilities can come together and pursue artistic endeavors in a completely accessible environment.
Show dates are Friday, May 30 and Saturday, May 31 at 7 p.m., and Sunday, June 1 at 2 p.m. at the Howard County Center for the Arts' black box theatre. Seating is limited, with tickets available through the performers.


text: This podcast is 100 percent Persian. Consider it a primer for the Obama Administration as it sizes up Iran's leaders. First, a report on the BBC's new Persian language TV station. Then Persian-language radio from the Voice of Israel. After that, a profile of Iranian-American spy novelist Salar Abdoh. We round things off with writers Firoozeh Dumas ("Laughing Without an Accent") and Azar Nafisi ("Reading Lolita in Teheran" and "Things I've Been Silent About").


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Have Relationship Questions? Ask a Counselor for Answers ASAP
Cmon... we're jus talking about no condom for oral sex!! I mean, oral sex with a condom, jeez... I'd rather watch porn.
this beautiful precious whore seems like her value to me is existential. allow me to elaborate.for years as I wandered this empty world, with a poor social network and lack of meaningful relationships, questions began to arise when it came to me and women. Am I inept? unattractive physically? lack personality? simply unlucky? lack charisma? As these questions consumed my thoughts I began to decline as far as productivity. I dropped out of college even, due to this and depression. I wondered if I was depressed due to this issue or something underlying. Then there was a time.. while manic, where these questions disappeared, I was brimming with euphoria and confidence. I became absolutely convinced that the past was simply due to bad luck and I can change it. I felt more appealing, more attractive. And for some reason, people started complimenting me more during this phase. So many people called me handsome. Before when they called me handsome I didn't believe it and thought they were just being nice. Now it just stroked my ego.
But the confidence eventually wore down, probably around te time I came to this site... because during the whole span, I never found what I was looking for. oddly enough sometimes when I was out amongst my peers and women, and observed some guys and their girlfriends, I never felt jealous. it's as if I wanted something more... some ideal beautiful relationship with perfect love and synergy/chemsitry with a BEAUTIFUL woman. I sometimes imagined traveling the world with said women, enjoying life... some odd fantassies.
Ayway, as the confidence waned, I came among this whore. Who I began to love once I started to think she loved me. Of course, her being a whore and me at times having to pay for her "not to work" created more existential questions. It almost felt as if this was the first time someone had loved me. Love only matters when it's from both sides. In the past I had loved some, thought they had loved me, only to come to the realization eventually that I was just fooling myself.
With this whore, I still haven't been fooled, but there's doubts... and it feels like I'm close to the breaking point. I'm 24.. I feel old, I'm not as young as the number. To feel empty for so long is just... not natural. and if this whore turns out not to love me, yet again I'll feel that horrible feeling in my gut of never having experienced mutual romantic love. At this point it would become tormenting and painful. Like a cruel joke for me to be so gullible Maybe I am.
I have almost everything except this it feels like. I have cats (lol), I have my immediate family, I have my friends, in my dad's business I can start making 500K a year in 2-3 years... it seems like everything is there, yet some people wonder why sometimes I'm blue and unmotivated.
It's because of THIS!!! I JUT WANNA BE LOVED ALICIA :'( ... even if by a WHORE :'(
is't it beautiful? :)


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I'm writing a blog this season. We're calling it "Destination Unknown", and the plan is....well, there is no plan. Generally speaking, I intend to write about whatever hits me on a given day, and while the initial entry is about the 54 point quarter from Tuesday night, I suspect I'll be writing about non-basketball related stuff more often than not.
On a related note - and most of you probably are well aware of this - Conrad Brunner does a magnificent job on our website and I encourage you to take a look. Far and away the best site in the NBA, at least in my view.


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Cliplight Rep of the Year
February 21, 2011
Shown left to right is Linda Appler, director of sales/marketing, Cliplight Manufacturing, Toronto; Jim LeFlore, co-principal and Russ Graddick, sales, Southland Marketing Inc. (SMI), Alpharetta, Ga., and Paul Appler, director of research & development, Cliplight. SMI was Cliplight's Diamond-Top Sales Per Capita and Platinum Top Sales award winners at the 2011 AHR Expo.
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Rising freshmen, sophomores and juniors from outside the Hall County school district will have a chance to enroll in any open seats at the districts' three high school International Baccalaureate programs plus the new science, technology, engineering and mathematics program for the 2013–14 school-year.
With only a few months to go until the end of the 2012-2013 school year, Northeast Georgia's 15- and 16-year olds might be wondering where and when the task of earning a driver's license could happen this summer.
Lawmakers in the Georgia House of Representatives voted Thursday to lower the grade-point average requirement for students seeking state HOPE grants
She arrived in Gainesville at 7 feet, 6 inches tall, 14 feet long and weighing 2,200 pounds Friday afternoon at the intersection of Green and Academy streets, one of Gainesville's heaviest-trafficked sites.
It is Flowery Branch High School's first year as a global studies charter school.
It has come down to this moment. The Rock at Gainesville High School is painted with "King of Courts" and "Macon It Happen" and once stark-white poster boards are now painted with bright red and black numbers and names.
A retired Hall County Schools electrician surrendered Tuesday night to the Hall County Sheriff's Office after investigators uncovered discrepancies in maintenance and repair invoices.
The president of one technical college in Georgia and vice presidents of two others have been named as finalists to become the next president of Lanier Technical College.
For a fourth year, a distinguished award ceremony will recognize six local residents who have made a difference in their community and for its children.
Each year, school districts in Northeast Georgia's Pioneer RESA area honor an individual who has a strong commitment to improving educational outcomes for students with disabilities by presenting the Philip Wright Award.
Preliminary architectural drawings of a possible Mundy Mill area school will be available for the Gainesville Board of Education to review at its next meeting March 18.
When President Barack Obama ordered broad federal spending cuts known as sequestration last Friday, the Gainesville Board of Education and Superintendent Merrianne Dyer knew where cuts might occur within the Gainesville City Schools system.
Sgt. Earl Roach was packing up his office at East Hall High School last week.
Children at the Boys & Girls Clubs of Hall County celebrated reading with a Latin flair on Friday.
He said the Boys & Girls Clubs of Hall County provided the strength to refuse the societal mold of coming from a single-parent home.
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It isn't another iteration of the Bud Bowl, but Super Bowl XLVI will have a decidedly '80s feel on Feb. 5. It seems that Matthew Broderick is going to reprise his Ferris Bueller persona for a mystery commercial.
No word yet on what the spot is for -- not even your best friend's sister's boyfriend's brother's girlfriend heard from this guy who knows this kid who's going with the girl knows -- but the tease eenacts the first scene from t he 1986 classic.
The "big reveal" won't happen until Super Bowl Sunday, which gives you some time to learn the clarinet. Never had one lesson!
[via Vulture]


text:
CyFlow™ CD4 FITC
|Target Species:
|Field of Interest:
|Regulatory Status:
|Alternative Name:
|Leu3a, T4
|Flow cytometry
|Species of Origin:
|Emission Maximum:
|518 nm
|Excitation Maximum:
|490 to 495 nm
|Product number:
For Research Use Only
Price excludes any applicable taxes plus shipping costs
|HLDA Workshop
|HCDM (former HLDA VIII)—WS Code M241
|100 tests
|2 N-terminal domains of human CD4 fused to human IgG1 Fc
|The mouse monoclonal antibody MEM-241 recognizes CD4 antigen, a 55 kDa transmebrane glycoprotein expressed on a subset of T lymphocytes (''helper'' T-cells) and also on monocytes, tissue macrophages and granulocytes.
|Background Information
|CD4 (T4) is a single chain transmembrane glycoprotein and belongs to immunoglobulin supergene family. In extracellular region there are 4 immunoglobulin-like domains (1 Ig-like V-type and 3 Ig-like C2-type). Transmembrane region forms 25 aa, cytoplasmic tail consists of 38 aa. Domains 1,2 and 4 are stabilized by disulfide bonds. The intracellular domain of CD4 is associated with p56Lck, a Src-like protein tyrosine kinase. It was described that CD4 segregates into specific detergent-resistant T-cell membrane microdomains. Extracellular ligands: MHC class II molecules (binds to CDR2-like region in CD4 domain 1); HIV envelope protein gp120 (binds to CDR2-like region in CD4 domain 1); IL-16 (binds to CD4 domain 3), Human seminal plasma glycoprotein gp17 (binds to CD4 domain 1), L-selectin . Intracellular ligands: p56LckCD4 is a co-receptor involved in immune response (co-receptor activity in binding to MHC class II molecules) and HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus; CD4 is primary receptor for HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120). CD4 regulates T-cell activation, T/B-cell adhesion, T-cell diferentiation, T-cell selection and signal transduction. Defects in antigen presentation (MHC class II) cause dysfunction of CD4+ T-cells and their almost complete absence in patients blood, tissue and organs (SCID immunodeficiency).
|The reagent is designed for Flow Cytometry analysis of human blood cells. Recommended usage is 20·µl reagent·/ 100·µl of whole blood or 10^6 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (2 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
|Storage Buffer
|The reagent is provided in stabilizing phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution, pH ≈7.4, containing 0.1% (w/v) sodium azide.
|Avoid prolonged exposure to light. Store in the dark at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.
|Do not use after expiration date stamped on vial label.
| Millan J, Cerny J, Horejsi V, Alonso MA: CD4 segregates into specific detergent‑resistant T‑cell membrane microdomains. Tissue·Antigens. 1999·Jan; 53(1):33‑40. <·PMID:·10082429·> | Foti M, Phelouzat MA, Holm A, Rasmusson BJ, Carpentier JL: p56Lck anchors CD4 to distinct microdomains on microvilli. Proc·Natl·Acad·Sci·USA. 2002·Feb·19; 99(4):2008‑13. <·PMID:·11854499·> | Clapham PR, McKnight A: Cell surface receptors, virus entry and tropism of primate lentiviruses. . J·Gen·Virol. 2002·Aug; 83(8):1809‑29. <·PMID:·12124446·> | Brdicková N, Brdicka T, Angelisová P, Horváth O, Spicka J, Hilgert I, Paces J, Simeoni L, Kliche S, Merten C, Schraven B, Horejsí V: LIME: a new membrane Raft‑associated adaptor protein involved in CD4 and CD8 coreceptor signaling. J·Exp·Med. 2003·Nov·17; 198(10):1453‑62. <·PMID:·14610046·> | Zola H, Swart B, Banham A, Barry S, Beare A, Bensussan A, Boumsell L, D Buckley C, Buhring HJ, Clark G, Engel P, Fox D, Jin BQ, Macardle PJ, Malavasi F, Mason D, Stockinger H, Yang X: CD molecules 2006: human cell differentiation molecules. J·Immunol·Methods. 2007·Jan·30; 319(1‑2):1‑5. <·PMID:·17174972·> | Manasa J, Musabaike H, Masimirembwa C, Burke E, Luthy R, Mudzori J: Evaluation of the Partec flow cytometer against the BD FACSCalibur system for monitoring immune responses of human immunodeficiency virus‑infected patients in Zimbabwe. Clin·Vaccine·Immunol. 2007·Mar; 14(3):293‑8. <·PMID:·17267593·> | Anderson AE, Sayers BL, Haniffa MA, Swan DJ, Diboll J, Wang XN, Isaacs JD, Hilkens CM: Differential regulation of naïve and memory CD4+ T cells by alternatively activated dendritic cells. J·Leukoc·Biol. 2008·Jul; 84(1):124‑33. <·PMID:·18430785·> | Karlsson KR, Cowley S, Martinez FO, Shaw M, Minger SL, James W: Homogeneous monocytes and macrophages from human embryonic stem cells following coculture‑free differentiation in M‑CSF and IL‑3. Exp·Hematol. 2008·Sep; 36(9):1167‑75. <·PMID:·18550257·> | Hovden AO, Karlsen M, Jonsson R, Aarstad HJ, Appel S: Maturation of monocyte derived dendritic cells with OK432 boosts IL‑12p70 secretion and conveys strong T‑cell responses. BMC·Immunol. 2011·Jan·5; 12:2. <·PMID:·21208424·> | Kanderova V, Kuzilkova D, Stuchly J, Vaskova M, Brdicka T, Fiser K, Hrusak O, Lund‐Johansen F, Kalina T: High‐resolution antibody array analysis of childhood acute leukemia cells. Mol·Cell·Proteomics. 2016·Apr·1; 15(4):1246‐61. <·PMID:·26785729·>


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A prayer for the first day of school
This semester is the first day of classes at Gordon. This morning in chapel I led us in a responsive prayer, offering thanksgiving and petition to God at the start of a new semester. I offered the prayer in italics, then we all as one congregation read the bold responses.
For the start of a new semester and all the promise that it holds:
We give you thanks, our God.
For the joy we have in seeing friends for the first time in a month:
We give you thanks, our God.
For those with whom we live in dorms, apartments, and houses:
We give you thanks, our God.
For the chance to gather freely in worship:
We give you thanks, our God.
For all that we will learn: in the classroom, in this worship space, in Lane, in labs, in practice rooms, in the library, in relationships, on campus and off campus:
We give you thanks, our God.
For wisdom for all students, staff, and faculty, as we seek to offer God our very best in all that we do:
Lord, please be near us.
For family relationships that we've invested in over the last month but now step away from in some ways:
Lord, please be near us.
For perseverance and diligence in our studies:
Lord, please be near us.
For healthy sleep patterns, motivation to exercise, self-control in eating good, healthy foods:
Lord, please be near us.
For those areas of life in which we struggle, where we despair, and for those things of which we are ashamed:
Lord, please be near us.
Deb Kielsmeier permalinkJanuary 16, 2013 11:52 am
love this!
January 16, 2013 1:51 pm
May I use this in my classes next week?
Jolina Coronel permalinkJune 16, 2013 9:59 am
I am an Incoming freshmen student of TUP so I need prayers to encourage me through ❤ Thank You for this. Would you mind if I am going to copy this prayer ? Thank You for this.


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text:
A MAN was arrested after a pursuit by police officers led to the recovery of a BMW car stolen in Blackwell.
The BMW was taken from outside a house in Linthurst Newtown, in Blackwell, at around 5pm on Friday, January 3.
Minutes after it was reported stolen the car was spotted at Heath End, Belbroughton, and pursued by police to the A456 Quinton Expressway, in Birmingham, where the vehicle was stopped.
Shortly afterwards officers arrested a 26-year-old Birmingham man on suspicion of stealing the car.
He was questioned before being released on police bail until Sunday, February 23, pending further inquiries.
Anyone with information that could help the investigation is asked to call the operational policing unit at Rubery Police Station on non-emergency number 101, quoting incident reference 418-S-030114.
Details can also be passed anonymously to Crimestoppers by calling 0800 555 111.


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I spend a lot of time around cars... Working on them... Customizing them... Making them unique. I can polish a turd pretty well.
I absolutely love to bowl and I probably like to cuddle more than you do.
I love movies and often throw quotes into everyday conversation.
I have extremely eclectic music tastes. Its all over the board... Not the top hits board. Most new music sucks.
I LOVE eating. I'm always up for trying something new.
My career
Crude jokes
Music that doesn't suck
My friends
If you don't have or want kids.
If you're interested, obviously.


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34 35th St., Unit 26, Brooklyn, NY, 11232
Hello everyone,
I will be shooting a test video that will inform my next dance composition that will be used in the FIVE performance next year. I am very excited to be working with the legendary Dawn from The House Of Ebony. Its will be tomorrow at 2pm at Ramis Barquet Gallery. If you cant make it I have included a video from my last casting call.
People: Amanda McDonald Crowley, Junn Omictin, Kenya (Robinson), Marcus Ljungstrom, Marko Tandefelt, Rashaad Newsome, Rebecca Brary, Roddy Schrock, Stephanie Pereira
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text:
Ten years after publishing Don't Let's Go to the Dogs Tonight: An African Childhood, Alexandra (Bobo) Fuller treats us in this wonderful book to the inside scoop on her glamorous, tragic, indomitable mother: Nicola Fuller of Central Africa, as she liked to introduce herself. Nicola was raised in Kenya, where she lived the quintessential life of a white settler child. Her parents didn't go in for displays of affection, but they did give her a sound training in their values: loyalty to blood, passion for land, death before surrender.
Fuller skillfully weaves the story of her romantic, doomed family against the background of her mother's childhood "filled with magical people." Nicola married Tim, bore a perfect baby who never cried, and the dream continued.
In the rebel colony of Rhodesia, Nicola's romantic notions are quickly dispelled. Tim is fired, they lose a newborn son to meningitis, and Nicola falls into a profound depression. But she pulls herself up by her bootstraps, and in search of the ideal property, they become the proud owners of Robandi farm in Mozambique. Once again things go dramatically wrong. Mozambique gains its independence, the border is closed, and white Rhodesia sinks deeper into its desperate battle for survival.
The gloom is briefly dispelled when Olivia is born — "an almost redemptive thing of beauty." But 18 months later she is dead, and Nicola courts death by riding her horse into the guerrilla-infested hills, Tim retreats into silence, and for their daughters it seems that "nothing would ever be OK or safe again." One day they wake up to find the war is over, and with it the dream of White Africa. Nicola bears another child who dies, and this time she sinks into a place where no one can reach her. Yet miraculously she claws her way back, and 30 years after the collapse of Rhodesia, she and Tim live in Zambia, in a house built under the tree of forgetfulness, where the ancestors will help a troubled spirit. "You learn not to mourn every little thing," she says. "You can't, or you'd never, ever stop grieving."


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A polling firm tests the question raised this week by the New York Times and ABC News
"Has Apple lost its cool?"
That was the title of a New York Times blog post Wednesday -- itself a follow-up on a three-minute conversation between ABC News correspondent John Berman and the Times' Nick Bilton the day before. The video, available here and below the fold, is probably not safe for viewing at One Infinite Loop.
But the two pieces raise an interesting question: Has the spate of negative publicity surrounding Apple -- the Gizmodo affair, the Flash brouhaha, the rejected apps, the patent disputes, the Jon Stewart take down -- done material damage to the Apple (aapl) brand?
YouGov's BrandIndex, a public perception research outfit, decided to put the question to something like a scientific test. The index tracks the "buzz" of some 1,100 consumer brands -- including Apple -- by interviewing 5,000 people every weekday and asking them "If you've heard anything about the brand in the last two weeks, was it positive or negative?" Scores can range from 100 to -100.
As the chart above shows, Apple's buzz with the key 18- to 24-year-old demographic reached its 2010 peak on March 18 with a score of 80.2. Since the start of April it's been cooling off, and on Tuesday it stood at 66.1.
"Apple has definitely lost some steam with the adult 18 - 34 demo," says a BrandIndex spokesman, "although they are still doing well."
How does that compare with, say, Google (goog) or Facebook, which have each had their ups and downs lately? See below.
<!-- more -->
Below: The ABC News video.
[Follow Philip Elmer-DeWitt on Twitter @philiped]


text:
March 17 2013
Nathan Fillion's birthday wish. He's asking people to donate to Kids Need To Read.
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text:
gbaji wrote:
Belkira wrote:
There's no sales tax in grocery stores in California...?
On basic food? No. Non food items are taxed though. So a can of soup, bag of frozen veggies, rice, meat, etc are all not subject to sales tax. Some exceptions apply when you get into single serving bottles and cans of stuff (plus we have CRV on those kinds of things), but as a general rule buying food in a store and preparing it yourself is "rewarded" by you not paying taxes for it, while anything that is prepared is subject to sales tax.
Huh. In Tennessee all that was taxed, just at a lower rate. We didn't have an income tax, though. And I believe, but could be wrong, that restaurant food was taxed at the same lower rate.
Oh, hey! I just looked at a random receipt in my purse and it looks like we don't get charged tax on food stuffs here in Hawaii, either! But there is an income tax, and food here is so **** expensive it doesn't matter.


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We Cut Stone....Not Quality
Since 1984, Stone Cutters by J.S. Anderson Inc. has been helping to upgrade large businesses, historical landmarks, monuments, and residential homes in many states. We enjoy cutting and manipulating rock, always creating a piece of art that lasts forever.
For more than 25 years, we have been providing Northeast, Pennsylvania, with professional stone masonry services at great prices without sacrificing great quality. From interior or exterior repair, to complete constructions, we specialize in all types of masonry work.Stone Cutters by J.S. Anderson Inc provides chimney repairs in Pocono Pines, Pocono Lake and surroundings.
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