text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 28, 2011
|Filing date
|Oct 27, 2004
|Priority date
|Oct 27, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hans Hannu, Per Synnergren
|Original Assignee
|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (84), Non-Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (6), Classifications (15), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to structure and operation of terminals which receive transmissions in the form of media streams.
2. Related Art and Other Considerations
Public Land Mobile radio Network (PLMN) is a generic term for a mobile wireless network that is centrally operated and administrated by an organization and uses land-based radio frequency transmitters or base stations as network hubs. PLMNs can stand alone and interconnect with one another or connect to a fixed system such as the PSTN.
In the near future there will be an increasing traffic load on the packet switched part of the PLMNs, such as GSM/GPRS, UMTS (WCDMA) and CDMA2000. One service that utilizes packet switched bearers is referred to as Push to talk over Cellular (PoC). Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) is currently being standardized and agreed upon in an industry consortium known as the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) forum. See, OMA PoC User Plane, OMA-UP-POC=V0—1-20041005-D, Draft Version 1.0.9 Oct. 2004, incorporated herein by reference.
Push-to-talk over Cellular (PoC) is being developed for handsets in networks such as GSM/GPRS networks, EDGE networks, UMTS, and CDMA systems. PoC is basically a voice chat for cellular telecommunication systems. PoC provides quick one-to-one or group communication, providing something like a short instant messaging service which feels like "walkie talkies".
PoC enabled handsets will most likely be equipped with a PoC-button. The PoC button may (for example) be: a dedicated hardware button; an assigned button on a standard keypad; or, a software button used in e.g. pressure sensitive screens. When the PoC button is pressed, the handset is connected directly to another user or user group. The first releases of PoC provide half-duplex service, although full duplex may be available at a later stage.
Combinational services enrich the Circuit-Switched (CS) voice service of today, with images and video-clips. The images and/or video-clips would utilize the packet switched (PS) part of the PLMNs when being transferred from one user's client to another user's client.
Much effort and investment has been made to develop a fully packet switched solution for voice communication. Such solution is often referred to as Voice over IP (VoIP) since it is assumed that the Internet Protocol (IP) will be used to carry the media. Now this work will be reused to further enhance VoIP. It is anticipated that in the near future it will be possible to offer combinations of, for example, PoC with video and/or images, and VoIP with video and/or images, even over current deployed PLMNs.
Services that combine voice and image/video (regardless if the voice is packet switched or circuit switched) sometimes go under the name Push to Show services.
Devices that receive media streams (including media streams which are provided or are part of Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) and/or Push to Show services) generally have a buffer, commonly known as a jitter buffer, for temporary storage and (when necessary) reordering of packets. The jitter buffer typically serves to smooth out interruptions in the media stream in order to provide downstream equipment in the receiver, e.g., a speech decoder, with an essentially continuous stream of data. Conventionally the jitter buffer has a play out pointer which locates or identifies a position in the jitter buffer from which data of the media stream is to be read out or "rendered". Jitter buffers are generally known in the context of reception of media streams and elsewhere, as evidenced by the following (all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties): US Patent Application Publication US 2003/0152093; US Patent Application Publication US 2004/0037320; US Patent Application Publication US 2004/0062260; US Patent Application Publication US 2004/0073692; US Patent Application Publication US 2004/0076190; US Patent Application Publication US 2004/0156622; US Patent Application Publication US 2002/0120749; U.S. Pat. No. 6,747,999; U.S. Pat. No. 6,684,273; U.S. Pat. No. 6,658,027; U.S. Pat. No. 6,418,125; U.S. Pat. No. 5,350,271.
Adaptive jitter buffers presently have only one single play out point that is estimated and changed during a session. This means that such jitter buffers have one algorithm that continuously tries to estimate the optimal amount of data that should be in the jitter buffer. One common approach is for the adaptive jitter buffer algorithm to use averages of statistical measures like standard deviation and variance to find out the optimal play out point for the jitter buffer for every point in time. The drawback is that such "averaging" algorithms do not react well to changes of channel settings, media settings or other settings that will abruptly change the characteristics of the transport or the media.
Algorithms for adaptive play out buffers commonly adapt the size of the buffer prior to the session, and try to keep the same buffer size from there on by adaptively changing either the transmission rate or the encoding rate of the media stream. The basic idea is that the receiving side is continuously sending information about its jitter buffer status to the streaming server. The streaming server can then adapt the rate of the media stream according to the received information. The drawback with the streaming approach is that it needs relatively large jitter buffers (in the order of a few seconds) to perform the adaptation due to the "rather slow" mechanism of reporting back the buffer status, which make this approach less useful for real-time services.
Applications utilizing the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) use the RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) for synchronizing RTP streams, for example an audio stream with a video stream as in video-telephony service. Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) is described, e.g., in IETF, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications", RFC 3550, July 2003, incorporated herein by reference.
One problem is how to accurate set the media (e.g. audio, video, image) playback/rendering point to optimize the end-to-end (E2E) content delivery performance. This problem may arise in various situations. For example, the delay of the path of transfer may drastically change due to changes of transport related settings or states in the nodes involved in the transport. As a second example, the media type may change to a type that needs more or fewer bits in the jitter buffer to work properly. As a third example, a media type may be added during the media session, which call for added delay in the jitter buffer due to synchronization.
A channel type switch such as that which occurs in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) is one illustration of the first example problem situation for a packet switched audio service, such as VoIP or PoC. WCDMA is described, e.g., in 3GPP, "Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Radio Resource Control (RRC), Protocol Specification", TS 25.331 V4.13.0, March 2004. Consider
The PoC includes a concept called "user plane adaptation" which provides an illustration of the second example problem situation. The user plane adaptation algorithm collects information about the capacity of each terminal's downlink using the Session Description Protocol (SDP). From that information the PoC server informs all terminals of how much bandwidth the media stream can consume.
The way the bandwidth of the media stream is altered in PoC is by changing the number of speech coder frames in one IP packet. The SDP-parameter used for this purpose is a 'ptime' (packet time) parameter. The ptime parameter describes the amount of time the playback of the media in the IP packet will take. By altering the value of ptime from 20 ms to 160 ms, the bit rate of an IP stream conveying AMR5.15 frames can be reduced from 22.0 kbps to 7.6 kbps.
The implication for the jitter buffer when changing the ptime parameter is that the frequency of media reception is changed as well as the amount of media that is changed. Therefore different ptime values call for different jitter buffer depths. A drastic change of ptime may happen if Mobile IP handover is performed so that RObust Header Compression (ROHC) is enabled.
An illustration of the third problem situation occurs when a service is ongoing and sending one type of media and another media type is activated, e.g. a combination of VoIP and real-time video. Under such circumstances of adding a new media type, the play out point in the jitter buffer for the media stream may have to be changed. The reason is that video typically needs longer buffering time than voice. For instance, a low bandwidth scenario may have a video rate of four frames per second and therefore each frame corresponds to 250 ms of media. If the jitter buffer must hold three frames to achieve reasonable quality this means that 750 ms of video is stored in the jitter buffer. Therefore, when adding synchronized real-time video to VoIP the application has to delay the speech in the jitter buffer for as long as the buffering of the video stream by adjusting the play out point.
What is needed, therefore, and an object of the present invention, is an improved technique for reading out media stream data from a jitter buffer.
A terminal receives transmissions in a form of a media stream The terminal comprises a jitter buffer which receives data comprising the media stream and a buffer manager. The buffer manager makes a selection between plural playback pointers as an operative playback pointer from which the data comprising the media stream is played out of the jitter buffer. The terminal can take various forms, and may be (for example) either a wireless terminal which receives the media stream across a radio interface, or a wired terminal (e.g., wireline terminal).
In one example implementation, the buffer manager makes the selection between the plural playback pointers as a function of one or more of the following: (a) layer 2 interactions; (b) media type, (c) media settings; (d) service type; (e) time.
In an example implementation, the buffer manager updates at least one of the plural playback pointers. The manner and timing of the updating of the least one of the plural playback pointers can occur in any of a variety of ways. For example, the buffer manager can update the at least one of the plural playback pointers when the jitter buffer is receiving data comprising the media stream. Alternatively or additionally, the buffer manager can update the at least one of the plural playback pointers when the at least one of the plural playback pointers is the operative playback pointer.
In an example embodiment, updating of the at least one of the plural playback pointers can be as a function of at least one of: (1) estimated intervals of experienced path of transfer delays; (2) media type; (3) combination of media types; (4) services combinations.
In one example implementation wherein the media stream is acquired by the terminal at different times over channels of different channel type, the selection between the plural playback pointers as the operative playback pointer is based on the channel type of the channel which is carrying the media stream. For example, a first of the plural playback pointers is used for play out of the media stream when the media stream is acquired over a dedicated channel, and a second of the plural playback pointers is used for play out of the media stream when the media stream is acquired over a common channel.
In another example implementation, the selection between plural playback pointers is based on an amount of time that playback of a packet of the media stream will take. As an example, a determination regarding the amount of time that playback of a packet of the media stream will take makes involves by obtaining a parameter from the media stream, such as (for example) a ptime parameter of Session Description Protocol (SDP).
In yet another example implementation, the selection between plural playback pointers depends on whether plural types of media are included in the media stream. For example, a first of the plural playback pointers is used for play out of the media stream when only one type of media (e.g., audio) is included in the media stream, whereas a second of the plural playback pointers is used for play out of the media stream when more than one type of media (e.g., video combined with the audio) is included in the media stream.
The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of preferred embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the various views. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as particular architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail. Moreover, individual function blocks are shown in some of the figures. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functions may be implemented using individual hardware circuits, using software functioning in conjunction with a suitably programmed digital microprocessor or general purpose computer, using an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and/or using one or more digital signal processors (DSPs).
In one specific example implementation the core network 14 is a connectionless external core network and comprises Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 20 and Gateway GRPS support node (GGSN) 21. The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Service (SGSN) node 20 is tailored to provide packet-switched type services. The Gateway GRPS support node (GGSN) 21 provides the interface towards the packet-switched networks (e.g., the Internet, X.25 external networks). The Gateway GRPS support node (GGSN) 21 translates data formats, signaling protocols and address information in order to permit communication between the different networks. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 20 provides packet routing to and from a SGSN service area, and serves GPRS subscribers which are physically located within the SGSN service area. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 20 provides functions such as authentication, ciphering, mobility management, charging data, and logical link management toward the user equipment unit. A GPRS subscriber may be served by any SGSN in the network depending on location. The functionality of Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 20 and Gateway GRPS support node (GGSN) 21 may be combined in the same node, or may exist in separate nodes as shown in
The core network 14 connects to radio access network 10 over a radio access network interface depicted by dot-dashed line 22. The radio access network 10 includes one or more control nodes 26 and one or more radio base stations (BS) 28. In an example, non-limiting implementation in which radio access network 10 is a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), the radio access network interface depicted by dot-dashed line 22 is known as the Iu interface, and the control nodes 26 take the form of radio network controllers (RNCs). In other implementations of radio access network 10, the control nodes 26 can have other names, such as base station controller (BSC), for example. In any event, it should be understood that, for sake of simplicity, the radio access network 10 of
For brevity it is assumed in the ensuing discussion that each base station 28 serves one cell. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, however, that a base station may serve for communicating across the air interface for more than one cell. For example, two cells may utilize resources situated at the same base station site. Moreover, each cell may be divided into one or more sectors, with each sector having one or more cell/carriers.
A wireless terminal 30 communicates with one or more cells or one or more base stations (BS) 28 over a radio or air interface 32. In differing implementations, the wireless terminal 30 can be known by different names, such as mobile station or MS, mobile terminal or MT, or user equipment unit (UE), for example. Of course, whereas for ease of illustration only one wireless terminal 30 is shown in
In the example UMTS implementation mentioned above, radio access is preferably based upon Wideband, Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) with individual radio channels allocated using CDMA spreading codes. Of course, other access methods may be employed.
Of particular interest herein is the fact that, for or in conjunction with services such as Push to talk over Cellular (PoC), the wireless terminal 30 has a jitter buffer 40 which has plural playback pointers, as hereinafter described.
Example constituent components and functionalities of a generic representative wireless terminal 30 are illustrated in
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) 62 is a transport service which is provided to a software application (such as application 70) that uses an IP network for communication. The UDP transport service provides additional functionality on top of the IP network transport function. UDP transport service operates end-to-end on a data flow. The UDP protocol 62 is not involved in intermediate nodes in the IP network, only the nodes where the data flow originates and terminates.
The Real Time Protocol (RTP) 64 is performed by an application 70. The application 70, like various other functionalities of a terminal platform portion 72 of wireless terminal 30 (including protocols in protocol stack 56), is preferably executed by one or more processors which comprise wireless terminal 30. In some example implementations, application 70 and jitter buffer 40 may be integrated into terminal platform 72. The application 70 serves, e.g., to remove RTP headers and to pass a frame and a timestamp of the frame to jitter buffer 40. Examples of applications which perform such functions are: network audio conferencing tools; network video conferencing tools; IP telephony tools; and packet switched streaming tools
The terminal platform portion 72 of wireless terminal 30 includes the jitter buffer 40 which operates under control of a buffer manager 80. The jitter buffer 40 is preferably implemented in software (e.g., by instructions executed by one or more of the processors comprising wireless terminal 30), and uses hardware memory allocated to application 70 when running on terminal platform portion 72. Under control of buffer manager 80, jitter buffer 40 stores data of the media stream in a way to smooth out interruptions in the media transfer, thereby preferably feeding speech decoder 82 with a continuous stream of data. Also, jitter buffer 40 operating under control of buffer manager 80 performs re-ordering of packets (if needed), and removes or discards duplicate frames by using the timestamps of the frames.
In addition to the plural playback pointer feature described herein, the jitter buffer 40 may optionally have other capabilities or characteristics such as being adaptive, e.g., adjusting its depth according to one or more characteristics of the channel over which the media stream is received. Service knowledge may be utilized as input to the jitter buffer 40 or to buffer manager 80 to help with certain tasks such as determining with how many packets jitter buffer 40 should be filled to secure the continuous stream of data from jitter buffer 40.
The terminal platform portion 72 of wireless terminal 30 may also include a sample buffer 86 which is connected between speech decoder 82 and digital to analog converter (DAC) 88. In an example implementation, sample buffer 86 can buffer at least one hundred sixty samples of speech with 8 kHz audio bandwidth between the speech decoder 82 and digital to analog converter (DAC) 88, and may be even larger in order to hold a few extra milliseconds of speech. For VoIP, the sample buffer 86 can be on the order of 480 samples, and for PoC the sample buffer 86 can be over 1000 samples (160 samples=20 milliseconds). The digital to analog converter (DAC) 88 is connected to media playback device(s) 90, such as a speaker or head-set (perhaps via, e.g., an amplifier).
As shown in
In other embodiments, whether wireless or wireline connection, the protocol stack may have a different composition depending, e.g., upon the nature of the particular access technology (e.g., GSM/GPRS, WCDMA, Ethernet, etc). For example, for a GSM/GPRS system the protocol stack for the terminal would be essentially the same as that of
Since it is apparent that the terminal may take either wireless or wireline forms, it should also be apparent that the terminal may be any of myriad devices or appliances, such as mobile phones, mobile laptops, pagers, personal digital assistants or other comparable mobile devices, SIP phones, stationary computers and laptops equipped with a real-time application, such as Microsoft netmeeting, Push-to-talk client etc.
Buffer manager 80 has a locator function for each of the playback pointers. In particular, for playback pointer1 the buffer manager 80 includes a playback pointer1 locator function 121 and for playback pointer2 the buffer manager 80 includes a playback pointer2 locator function 122. For whichever of the playback pointers is selected to be operative at the moment, the respective playback pointer locator function points to, keeps track, or indicates the position in jitter buffer 40 from which the media stream is to be retrieved, read, or rendered.
The position in jitter buffer 40 from which the media stream is to be retrieved can be expressed in terms of time, bytes, or number of frames, for example. In the computer/terminal or processor comprising the terminal platform, there is a memory pointer that points to a start or beginning of the buffer as well as the playback pointer. The playback pointer points a certain number of bytes from the start of the buffer. So when data fills up the jitter buffer 40 to the position indicated by the playback pointer, such triggers removal and sending of data from the jitter buffer 40 to the speech decoder 82.
As an optional feature, one or more and preferably both of the playback pointers are adjustable to point to different locations in jitter buffer 40 at different times. This adjustability is illustrated in
Which of the playback pointer1 and playback pointer2 is operative at any given moment in time is determined by playback pointer selector 112. The playback pointer selector 112 of buffer manager 80 thus makes a selection between the plural playback pointers (e.g., playback pointer1, playback pointer2, and any other playback pointers) to determine an operative playback pointer from which the data comprising the media stream is played out of the jitter buffer 40. In one example implementation, the playback pointer selector 112 of buffer manager 80 makes the selection between the plural playback pointers as a function of one or more of the following: (a) layer 2 interactions; (b) media type, (c) media settings; (d) service type; (e) time. These playback point selector factors are shown as input to playback pointer selector 112 from selector factor box 150 in
In operation, frames of a media stream are received and passed through the protocol stack 56. For the wireless terminal of
When a device such as speech decoder 82 (which is fed by jitter buffer 40) is ready for further data from the media stream, playback control function 100 of buffer manager 80 receives a playback prompt as indicated by playback prompt arrow 160 in
Data from the media stream is then rendered from the position indicated by the operative playback pointer. Should the playback pointer selector 112 determine that playback pointer1 is the operative playback pointer, then data obtained from the position indicated by playback pointer1 is read out from jitter buffer 40 and utilized as the rendered data which is applied to the next device (e.g., speech decoder 82), as depicted by dashed-double dotted line 161 in
In one example implementation in which media is acquired at different times over a dedicated channel and a common channel. In such example implementation, playback pointer1 can be the playback pointer utilized for a dedicated channel. In one example version of this implementation, the playback pointer1 can be set with input from the estimated jitter during a talk-burst considering the jitter. Such can be done by looking at the time of arrival and the RTP timestamp. On the other hand, in such example implementation the playback pointer2 can be the playback pointer utilized for the common channel. In one example version of this implementation, the playback pointer2 can be set with input from an estimation of the channel-switch. The estimation can be done by looking at a glitch in time when channel-switching is anticipated (see threshold B of
As mentioned above, the playback pointer1 can be set with input from the estimate jitter during a talk-burst considering the jitter, by looking at the time of arrival and the RTP timestamp. The RTP protocol has a RTP timestamp which uses a "sample" clock. If 160 samples are sent, then the RTP timestamp field is incremented by 160. For example, the first packet has a timestamp of 160; the second packet has a timestamp of 320; the third packet has a timestamp of 480; and so forth. In view of the known sampling frequency, these timestamps correspond to 20 milliseconds, 40 milliseconds, 60 milliseconds, etc. At the same time a clock in the terminal platform can measure the time when the packets arrive. The terminal platform clock may read (for example) one hour, four minutes, and 400 milliseconds for the first packet; one hour, four minutes, and 423 milliseconds for the second packet; one hour, four minutes, and 445 milliseconds for the third packet; and so forth. thus, when receiving the first packet, the end-to-end delay may be considered to be [(one hour, four minutes, and 400 milliseconds)−20 milliseconds]=one hour, four minutes, and 380 milliseconds. Making a similar calculation for all packets and subtracting one hour, four minutes, and 380 milliseconds leaves 0 milliseconds, 3 milliseconds, 5 milliseconds, which is the jitter for which the jitter buffer 40 should provide protection.
Thus, the jitter buffer 40 with its plural playback pointers, maintained and operated as above summarized, solves many problems including the three problem situations previously discussed. Solution of the first problem situation is exemplified by an audio session (VoIP) over WCDMA with PS-RAB. If the radio channel that the wireless terminal 30 camps on when starting to send media is the CELL_FACH (see
If wireless terminal 30 resides on the dedicated channel when the media transfer starts, no time consuming channel switch is needed. Therefore, the playback point can be set low, i.e. by use of playback pointer1 in
The choice of which playback point to use can in this example be made by calculating the time since the last media transfer. The reason for this is that a channel switch (back to the common channel) is performed a certain amount of time, tdownswitch, after the last media transmission. So by keeping track of the time after the latest transmission, tlast
Strategy 1:
As used herein, tlast
As a variation, it is possible to replace the measurement of time with layer 2 interfaces to the radio. Layer 2 information is exchanged in the radio signaling. In some implementations the tdownswitch timer value can be signaled to the remote terminal (e.g. over the air interface). In other implementations, the value of the tdownswitch has to be measured or preconfigured.
The jitter buffer 40 with its plural playback pointers also addresses the second problem situation previously discussed. Recall that in the second problem situation the SDP-parameter "ptime" (packet time) describes the amount of time the playback of the media in the IP packet will take, and that a change in the ptime parameter may affect frequency of media reception as well as amount of media. The ptime parameter is part of the SDP protocol which is sent in SIP messages during session set-up for the service. In this second problem situation, playback pointer1 can be utilized as the operative playback pointer when the value of ptime is a lower number (such as 20). On the other hand, playback pointer2 can be utilized as the operative playback pointer when the value of ptime is a higher number (such as 160). In such case, the algorithm or logic that selects playback pointer is reflected by Strategy 2:
Strategy 2:
The jitter buffer 40 with its plural playback pointers also addresses the third problem situation previously discussed. Recall that in the third problem situation a first type of media (e.g., audio or voice) is being received and then another type of media (e.g., video) is also received, and that video typically requires longer buffering time than voice. The playback pointer1 can be used when only audio is being received, whereas playback pointer2 can be used for the audio buffer when the audio is combined with e.g. video. The algorithm or logic that selects which playback pointer is the operative playback pointer is reflected by the following Strategy 3:
Strategy 3:
As explained and illustrated above, each playback point can be continuously estimated and updated using one or several input parameters. The continuous update of one of the playback point mentioned may be performed always, or only when receiving media, or only when the media buffer is operating using that specific playback point.
The input parameters used for estimating the playback points may be estimated intervals of experienced path of transfer delays, media type and/or combination of media types, service combinations such as VoIP and Presence and interactions with lower radio specific layers in the terminal.
The playback pointer selector 112 selects which playback point to use at every point in time. In so doing, playback pointer selector 112 can use an algorithm that is also dependent on several input parameters. The input parameters can be, for example, layer 2 interactions, the media type, media settings (e.g. ptime), the service type and time.
The structure and operation described above improves the end-to-end (E2E) content delivery performance. As the media path of transfer is not static, and ordinary adaptive jitter buffer solutions neither catch the drastic change nor set the playback/rendering point to an outliner point. The latter would unnecessary decreases the crucial (especially for PoC) E2E experienced content delivery time.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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|Serial data mapping apparatus for synchronous digital hierarchy
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|Jitter buffer and lost-frame-recovery interworking
|Mar 15, 1999
|Aug 1, 2002
|Vladimir Pogrebinsky
|Jitter buffer and methods for control of same
|Nov 5, 2001
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|Media binding to coordinate quality of service requirements for media flows in a multimedia session with IP bearer resources
|Aug 29, 2001
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|Synchronization in packet-switched telecommunications system
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|Kenetec, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for determining jitter buffer size in a voice over packet communications system
|Jun 21, 2001
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|Mcgibney Grant H.
|Centralized synchronization for wireless networks
|Apr 9, 2002
|Dec 19, 2002
|Monitoring Technology Corporation
|Data recording and playback system and method
|Oct 9, 2001
|Feb 13, 2003
|Harris John M.
|Control of jitter buffer size and depth
|Feb 25, 2002
|Jun 19, 2003
|Pang Jon Laurent
|Methods and systems for managing variable delays in packet transmission
|Feb 8, 2002
|Aug 14, 2003
|Gupta Sunil K.
|Method and system to compensate for the effects of packet delays on speech quality in a Voice-over IP system
|Feb 13, 2002
|Aug 14, 2003
|Colavito Leonard Raymond
|Adaptive threshold based jitter buffer management for packetized data
|Mar 11, 2002
|Sep 11, 2003
|Globespanvirata Incorporated
|Clock skew compensation for a jitter buffer
|Feb 28, 2003
|Oct 2, 2003
|Peter Goldstein
|Method for the setting of a jitter buffer in a media gateway
|Apr 30, 2002
|Oct 30, 2003
|Eckberg Adrian Emmanuel
|Techniques for jitter buffer delay management
|Jul 31, 2002
|Feb 5, 2004
|Bapiraju Vinnakota
|State-based jitter buffer and method of operation
|Aug 21, 2002
|Feb 26, 2004
|Dickson Scott M.
|Early transmission and playout of packets in wireless communication systems
|May 1, 2003
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|Leblanc Wilfrid
|External Jitter buffer in a packet voice system
|Sep 30, 2002
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|Dowdal John Thomas
|Calculation of clock skew using measured jitter buffer depth
|Sep 30, 2002
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|Multi-level jitter control
|Sep 30, 2002
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|Packet prioritization and associated bandwidth and buffer management techniques for audio over IP
|Oct 21, 2002
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|Nagendra Goel
|Method and apparatus for improved play-out packet control algorithm
|Dec 14, 2001
|Apr 22, 2004
|Jim Sundqvist
|Method and a communiction apparatus in a communication system
|Apr 24, 2001
|Jun 24, 2004
|Antti Kurittu
|Methods for changing the size of a jitter buffer and for time alignment, communications system, receiving end, and transcoder
|Feb 10, 2003
|Aug 12, 2004
|Kent Larry G.
|Audio stream adaptive frequency scheme
|Mar 4, 2004
|Dec 23, 2004
|Scott Martin Raymond
|Clock synchronisation over a packet network
|Apr 16, 2004
|Dec 30, 2004
|Fano Andrew E
|Controlled multi-media program review
|Oct 31, 2003
|Jan 13, 2005
|Mark Scott
|Method, system, and computer program product for managing jitter
|Aug 22, 2003
|Feb 24, 2005
|Thomas Kallstenius
|Remote synchronization in packet-switched networks
|Nov 26, 2003
|May 26, 2005
|Cormack Christopher J.
|System and method for allowing time-shifted access to multiple programs at the same time
|Jul 28, 2004
|Oct 6, 2005
|Paul Lesso
|Clock synchroniser and clock and data recovery apparatus and method
|Aug 2, 2005
|Dec 15, 2005
|Leblanc Wilfrid
|Interaction between echo canceller and packet voice processing
|Jul 6, 2004
|Jan 12, 2006
|Balazs Godeny
|System, method, and apparatus for creating searchable media files from streamed media
|Nov 26, 2003
|Feb 16, 2006
|Oran David R
|Method and apparatus for analyzing a media path in a packet switched network
|Jan 21, 2005
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|Method and system for transporting data over network
|Jul 2, 2008
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|Nikon Corporation
|Image playback apparatus, image recording apparatus, and methods thereof
|Feb 26, 1999
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|Method and system for time synchronization
|Dec 2, 2003
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|Radio access network, radio communication method, synchronous server and node
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|Method for estimating relative skew between clocks in packet networks
|Jan 10, 2000
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|Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
|A synchronisation method and arrangement
|Sep 1, 2000
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|Dec 28, 2001
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|Time synchronization in computer network
|David Mills, Internet Time Synchronization: the Network Time Protocol1,2,3 Electrical Engineering Department University of Delaware, pp. 1-14.
|Flavis Cristian, IBM Almaden Research Center, A Probabilistic Approach to Distributed Clock Synchronization, CH2706, 1989 IEEE, pp. 288-296.
|International Preliminary Report on Patentability mailed Jan. 2003 in PCT Application No. PCT/SE01/02798.
|International Search Report mailed Mar. 25, 2002 in PCT Application PCT/SE01/02798.
|Martin De Prycker et al., Terminal Synchronization in Asynchronous Networks, CH2424-0/87/0000-0800, 1987, IFFF, pp. 0800-0807.
|OMA PoC User Plane, OMA-UP-POC=V0-1-20041005-D, Draft Version 1.0.9 Oct 2004.
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|Petr et al, "Priority Discarding of Speech in Integrated Packet Networks", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 7, No. 5, Jun. 1989, pp. 644-656.
|William H. Press et al., Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, 2nd Edition, Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1988, pp. 658-665.
|Written Opinion and International Search Report mailed Jan. 30, 2006 in corresponding PCT application PCT/SE2005/001556.
|Written Opinion of the International Preliminary Examining Authority mailed Aug. 23, 2005 in corresponding PCT Application PCT/SE2004/001150.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 28, 2008
|Jan 29, 2013
|Intel Corporation
|Techniques to synchronize packet rate in voice over packet networks
|Jun 22, 2009
|Oct 8, 2013
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Method for audio and video control response and bandwidth adaptation based on network streaming applications and server using the same
|Jun 2, 2014
|Aug 11, 2015
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|Apple Inc.
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|U.S. Classification
|370/516, 370/429, 370/412
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 3, 2005
Owner name: TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL), SWEDEN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HANNU, HANS;SYNNERGREN, PER;REEL/FRAME:016231/0624
Effective date: 20041102
|Dec 27, 2011
|Certificate of correction
|Dec 29, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Hunter Hayes Performs With Stevie Wonder at Academy of Country Music Awards [VIDEO]
Louisiana's own Hunter Hayes was up for six awards at the Academy of Country Music Awards in Las Vegas. He didn't walk away with a trophy but he was selected for what we think was the highest honor of the night. He performed with the legendary Stevie Wonder!
Subscribe to 99.9 KTDY on
And here's Hunter doing 'Superstition' at a Pennsylvania amusement park in 2012.
Subscribe to 99.9 KTDY on

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Australian Unity hopes to tempt institutional investors into retirement villages with the launch of an unlisted fund that will draw on the group's experience in running both property funds and aged-care facilities.
The combined financial services, healthcare and aged-care operator plans to capitalise on both increased demand for units in retirement villages as the population ages, and a sharp decline in asset prices over the past couple of years.
The new fund was launched alongside Australian Unity's results for 2009-10. The mutual group reported revenue of $934 million for the 12 months ended June 30, up from $617 million a year after a merger with Lifeplan Funds Management and growth in all its business lines. Profit after tax was $17.1 million, compared with $1.1 million in the same period a year earlier.
Funds under management jumped from $5.8 billion to $10.3 billion during the year. The retirement village property fund was a natural move for the group, which has run a health property trust for more than a decade, but it was a long time coming.
"We had wanted to do this for some years but the prices were not right,'' said Australian Unity group executive, investments,
The new fund is expected to generate long-term average returns of about 10 per cent with returns divided evenly between income from the villages and capital appreciation.
The number of Australians aged 70 and over will increase from 2.1 million this year to 3.7 million in 15 years' time, when they are expected to substantially boost the numbers who choose to buy a unit in an retirement village.
The Australian Financial Review


text:
Quotable: Heidi Fleiss Is Thankful For Abortions
"I hope I never have babies. That would kill me. Every minute I'd be, 'Is the baby OK?' I'd worry too much. Thank God for abortion. I don't mean to offend anyone but I wouldn't be a good mother. I shouldn't have kids."
– Heidi Fleiss revealed that she'd terminate any accidental pregnancy during a candid talk with Stephen Baldwin on Britain's "Celebrity Big Brother." [Starpulse]


text:
Romney might have asked the wrong question. But a report from the non-partisan Congressional Research Service shows that federal lands have played no part in the US's recent energy boom – quite the reverse.
We need to learn as much as we can about the origins of the US's shale energy boom, which is re-aligning the global industrial landscape in America's favour by luring investment and jobs from Europe, Asia – and quite plausibly Australia.
The realignment has started to overtake the globalisation of the 1990s and 2000s. German chemicals giant BASF told TheWashington Post it had invested $US5.7 billion in new plants in America since 2009 because that's where its industrial customers are investing.
Australia's resource riches do not make us immune. Cheap energy, cheap capital and the cheapest labour in the West are the reasons GM and Ford are investing billions of dollars in the US – and not rushing to invest in Australia (or Europe).
This process may have barely begun. The shale gale is barely half a decade old. Yet already the US has eclipsed Russia to become the world's largest natural gas producer, and the International Energy Agency predicts it will surpass Saudi Arabia as the world's largest oil producer later this decade. UBS estimates the energy boom can add half a percentage point to GDP growth in the US for five years.
Where is it coming from? So far, entirely from non-federal – that is, state and private – lands. The CRS documents list this in a report, "US Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Federal and Non-Federal Areas", issued a month ago.
The 1.1 million barrel a day increase in US oil production between 2007 and 2012 comprises a 1.2 mbd increase on non-federal lands and a reduction of about 70,000 barrels a day on federal lands.
Of course, the post-Gulf oil spill moratorium played a role in this. Still, the amount of production on onshore federal lands is miniscule – just more than 7 per cent of production on non-federal lands. As a result, the federal lands share of total US oil production fell to 26 per cent in 2012 from 33 per cent in 2007.
The disparity is even more pronounced in gas, which has been produced from shale for longer than oil. Gas production on non-federal lands jumped 40 per cent to 24.2 billion cubic feet from 2007 to 2012.
On federal lands and offshore areas, production fell 23 per cent to 4.25 bcf. As a result, the federal share plunged from 27.8 per cent to 17.7 per cent.
There many valid reasons for this. Some federal lands – national parks, defence lands – may be unsuitable. Caution is called for after a huge oil spill. Yet there does seem to be validity to Romney's charge. The CRS found that the time to process drilling applications on federal lands blew out to 307 days in 2011, from 218 on 2006. By contrast, some states approved applications in as little as 10 days.
The lesson from this for Australia is that government can have a positive, neutral or negative impact on energy policy. From a distance it appears that energy policy in Australia has been preoccupied with setting up an unwieldy carbon tax in isolation from our main trading partners, and in fostering the development of giant liquefied natural gas projects, mostly offshore and mostly for export.
Progress in exploiting our rich resources of "unconventional" gas – shale and coal seam – has been patchy, with the notable exception of Queensland, and the cost of domestic energy is rising.
We used to be part of an Asia Pacific climate change grouping focused on technological solutions, which would have given us an earlier heads-up on the potential of shale to boost the economy and cut carbon emissions. That ended with the Rudd government in 2007. Shale has helped the US cut emissions faster than any country. Perhaps we've been on the wrong track.
The Australian Financial Review


text:
AN MP's plea for a public inquiry into controversial plans to expand a York travellers' site has been rejected by a Government Minister.
York Outer Tory MP Julian Sturdy asked the Government to call in City of York Council's proposal to create an extra six pitches to relieve overcrowding at the 12-pitch site at Osbaldwick, which he claims has been badly managed by the local authority.
But Local Government Minister Brandon Lewis has now told the MP that, while he noted his continuing concerns, the scheme had been given planning permission by the council in November "and the application was properly for the council to decide".
He said the Secretary of State had no powers to review the case and consider fresh representations, but the Homes and Communities Agency had been working with the council to ensure satisfactory site management arrangements were in place at the site.
He said the Government was currently considering whether further steps could be taken to improve planning policies for such sites, and he offered to meet the MP to discuss the wider issues he had raised.
Mr Sturdy said he was disappointed the Secretary of State had no powers to review the case or consider fresh representations.
Mr Sturdy said: "To my mind, the council's decision to approve their own planning application for the extension and the way it has been conducted has sadly left public trust in the local authority at an all-time low in the communities surrounding the site."
He said he remained determined to do whatever he could to prevent spades hitting the ground until the council could show it could adequately manage the site, and he had taken the Minister up on his offer of a meeting.
Osbaldwick Independent councillor Mark Warters said he was disappointed that what was described as Government rhetoric about a new approach to planning over travellers' sites had not been matched by action.
Coun Linsay Cunningham-Cross, Labour cabinet member for crime and stronger communities, said: "Through this action, the Government has signalled the correct process and decision was made.
"We welcome this outcome and look forward to improving the quality of the site and the management of it for the benefit of the whole community."


text: Incomplete This article/section is not complete. Help the Cube Wiki by adding information, photos, videos, etc. Minecraft: Ultra Hardcore Cube Ultra Hardcore 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 This lists all episodes produced and accessible for the ninth season of Cube Ultra Hardcore. Retrieved from "http://cubemc.wikia.com/wiki/Cube_Ultra_Hardcore_(Season_9)/Episodes?oldid=28821" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Categories: Cube UHC Episodes Series UHC Cube UHC Episodes YouTuber Ended Series Statistics and tables Videos Solo UHC Season


text:
Vaikunta Chaturdasi festival at
Vishwanath Temple
in Varanasi is
unique as Bhagvan Vishnu is allotted a special place in the temple on the day. Vaikunta Chaturdasi 2017 date is November 3. The belief is
that offering prayers on Vaikunta Chaturdasi will help in attaining Vaikunta –
symbolically Moksha.
On the day, Shiva and Vishnu are worshipped together. Bel patra or bilva leaves are offered to Vishnu and Tulsi is offered to Shiva on the day.
Devotees offer Gangajal (water from
akshat, chandan, flowers, bilva leaves, Tulsi to both Vishnu and Shiva on the
day in the temple. The most important offering on the day is earthen lamps and
wicks made of cotton. Ganga River
Please note that the day is also observed as Kashi Vishwanath Pratishta Diwas.


text:
Wednesday, Sept. 26, 2012 5 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.
Location: Fields Pond Audubon Center, 216 Fields Pond Road, Holden, ME
For more information: Holly Twining; (207) 989-2591; maineaudubon.org/events/2012/harvest-moon-canoe/
Float along the lake shore as waning day becomes moonlit night. Loons, eagles, and bats may grace your trip. Bring your own canoe or kayak or rent one of our canoes for $5 for this naturalist-guided excursion. Heavy rain or thunder would cancel the trip, and your payment would be refunded.


text:
Seth Rogen and Elijah Wood share screen in the 'Make Some Noise' video which is clipped from upcoming 'Fight for Your Right Revisited' mini movie.
Beastie Boys have just debuted a music video for their latest single "Make Some Noise". It features A-list cameos like Seth Rogen and Elijah Wood. The former channels his inner rap star, rocking a black fedora and shades, and finishing off his look with some huge bling-blings. The latter, meanwhile, goes more casual with red T-shirt and matching cap.
The music video is clipped from Beastie Boys' mini movie "Fight for Your Right Revisited" which is released to celebrate their 25 year-anniversary of their career. The full film will have more celebs ranging from Susan Sarandon, Orlando Bloom, Kirsten Dunst and Amy Poehler.
"Make Some Noise" is the first single from "Hot Sauce Committee Part.2" which is slated for United States release on May 3. Featuring Nas and Santigold, the CD reportedly was supposed to be released in 2010 under the title "Hot Sauce Committee Part.1", but it got delayed due to Adam Yauch's battle with cancer.
Beastie Boys' "Make Some Noise" music video


text:
We stock an extensive Mercedes front and rear bumper assemblies, plastic bumper covers, steel bumpers.
We offer up to three years warranty and 30-day low price guarantee on all used 1998 Mercedes CLK320 mirrors.
Whether you need the Mercedes CLK320 front bumper mirror or rear bumper cover, we can help you get a genuine Mercedes bumper that
will match your 1998 Mercedes CLK320 car or truck exactly like the original did. Our long-term warranty ensures that you get
only high quality used CLK320 bumpers that are 100% reliable, clean, and that are best in price.
Buy a used 1998 Mercedes CLK320 bumper from a trustworthy salvage yard! For more information, contact us by
phone or browse our 1998 Mercedes CLK320 inventory.


text:
Research Fellowships, 2018
University of Cambridge - St John's College
|Not specified
|Full Time
|Contract Type:
|Placed on:
|8th August 2017
|2nd October 2017
|★ View Employer Profile
Applications are invited for Research Fellowships in Education Studies and related fields intended for outstanding researchers early in their careers. The Fellowships offer an opportunity to carry out independent research in a stimulating and supportive academic environment. Applications will be accepted from any graduate of a university within or outside the United Kingdom.
All candidates should note that these Research Fellowships are extremely competitive and typically less than one candidate in 100 is successful.
Successful candidates are expected to be either graduate students, probably in the latter stages of their research leading to a PhD, or post-doctoral researchers who have been awarded their PhD after 1 October 2016. Candidates who do not fulfil these criteria are unlikely to be considered.
For details please see https://sjcamrf.flexigrant.com
Applications must be submitted online and received by 14.00 BST on Monday 2 October 2017.
Share this job
Advert information
Type / Role:
Subject Area(s):
South East England


text:
Title: Ballentine, Mathew
URL: http://ballentinephotography.com
Description: My name is Mathew Ballentine and I am a local photographer in Arizona. Let me just start by saying I love photography. I am a strong believer that for anyone to be great at what they do they need to have a passion for it.
Date Submitted: 05/19/11
Listed / Last Time Edited: 12/02/11
Main Category: > Family Photography
Second Category (if any): B
Linkedin (if any):
Number of visitors we sent to this photo site: 132 time(s).


text:
Over the past three years, a team of researchers has focused on finding ways for teachers of inclusive classes to check their students' comprehension during lessons. Suggestions for monitoring comprehension in inclusive classes is the key component of teacher workshops developed by University of Miami professors: Jeanne Shay Schumm and Sharon Vaughn and special education teacher Michelle Canner Sobol.
In addition to tests, all teachers need informal ways to find out if students understand what they teach, so they can adjust their lessons to meet students' needs. With the broader range of ability and skills in an inclusive classroom, this task becomes both more difficult and more necessary. Research has shown that the lower a child's achievement, the greater his reluctance to ask questions. Many low-achieving students are embarrassed to say they don't understand.
Creating a non-threatening atmosphere so that all students feel comfortable asking questions is important, but students also need to learn and practice self-monitoring skills.
Traditional ways to check understanding include posing frequent questions and using effective questioning techniques such as waiting for an answer, asking high-level questions and being sure to distribute questions equitably around the class. Circulating around the room to check seat work in progress and providing immediate, corrective feedback are effective even when teachers check many students quickly.
Other methods this team has used successfully to enable teachers and students to monitor understanding include:
- asking students for thumbs-up or thumbs-down after presenting a key concept.
- calling on individual students to summarize main points at frequent intervals during a lesson.
- asking students to repeat directions in their own words.
- asking, "Would anyone like to take a risk and ask me a question ?"
- giving students a written assignment to summarize or review what they have learned. This might take several forms: lesson reaction sheets, or K-W-L worksheets that record what students know about a topic, what they want to know and what they learned from the lesson.
- letting students work together to discuss a topic, compare notes from a lesson, or summarize the key points.
- teaching a guided lecture procedure to help students listen actively, think about a lesson, and then work in a group to decide what is important? taking notes after the lesson is over.
- giving a fake pop quiz to help students rehearse and review information before a real quiz or test. It can be open- or closed-book, done individually or in pairs, but it must be unexpected and it must not affect the student's grade.
"Are They Getting It?", Intervention in School and Clinic, Volume 32, Number 10, January 1997,pp. 168-171.
Published in ERN March/April 1997 Volume 10 Number 2


text:
Mathie Delois debuts on Green Martian with the superb "Direct Force EP". Mathies started to produce his own music in 2004 and releases his very first EP back in 2006, which brought him the title of best producer of the month at the end of the year and an appearance on the front page on the website Fiber Online.
The original mix of "Recycled" is one of those tracks that comes around every so often where the sweet spot has been nailed right on the head. Pure progressive flow here with a perfect combination and fusion or sounds and frequencies alike. The track coolly fades in with a subtle kick and synth arp, the bass completely transforms the atmosphere and a warm lush vibe prevails, top, top tune!
The remix provides a fresh approach with much of the original sounds utilised very well in creating a much more uplift in the vibe. Sweet melodies get us started here and a superb synth riff adds weight before the track gets really flowing with the basses taking full control. Another all round straight up prog tune that keeps things on point and sure to be a big hit.
1 May 2013 Bonzai Progressive FEATURED RELEASES Green Martian, Mathie Delois


text:
Covering Square Cake W/ Fondant.
Decorating By SugarCoatedCakes Updated 17 Jan 2006 , 9:00pm by mvucic
I always have trouble with the sides of the cake. How do you make it so smooth? Please help I have a cake to make this week.
Thanks so much in advance
I start on the corners and work across the sides. I really haven't had a problem with square cakes.
How nice you have not had problems with square cakes. Thanks.
Good Luck to you!
I have sooo many problems covering round cakes with fondant - but seem to do ok with square cakes - which seems to be totally opposite of what everyone else says! (Leave it to me to be bass-ackwards!) Anyway, what works best for me is to elevate everything. I have the cake on my turntable, I set the turntable on top of a Criscoe can (the can somewhat fits up inside the base of the turntable so it's pretty secure) and then the whole works goes on top of a pedastal cake plate. When I first apply the fondant, it hangs down past the turntable, and then I use my hands to smooth it as I turn the cake, slowly.
Then I use a pizza cutter to cut off the excess, a little bit at a time all the way around.
Like I said, I don't know why, but using this method has helped me cover square cakes pretty nicely. And, I just started making Marshmallow fondant about a month ago! I have been so excited with how well it works, looks, and tastes! (Will be loading some pictures in the next few days!)
Thanks so much for the helpful tips! Elevating it does make sense. I will be elevating next time I cover my cakes.
Thank you for your help and responses
i've also had great luck with fondant and square cakes... i've cut the corners off of my square cakes and it seems to smooth better.... i think i have one in my photos...
just keep pulling and smoothing..
I would definitely elevate the cake as well. It makes it SO much easier. I still can't belive I covered a cross cake with fondant with such success and there's a lot of corners on that thing! (it's in my photos.)


text:
Family and friends are very important to me. I especially appreciate my family and close friends who are with me through life's ups and downs.
I do exercises regularly and I eat healthy as much as I can. I am learning to make new dishes from recipes on the Internet, which is fun. My friends liked the new dishes I made, me too.:) It always feels good to share delicious food with good friends and family, especially when I make it myself.
delicious food
reading good books
how to enjoy time with friends
how to have good time with family


text:
After watching the special screening of John Abraham-starrer Bollywood movie, Madras Cafe in Chennai, volunteers of pro-Tamil outfits denounced the film as 'anti-Tamil' and vowed to not allow its screening in India.
Even as promos of the film started flooding the media early this month, pro-Tamil outfits like the Naam Tamizhar Katchi (NTK) besides Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK) alleged that the film was anti-Tamil.
While PMK chief Ramadoss wanted the state and central governments to ban the movie, others were warned of agitations. Actor-turned-politician Seeman led NTK alleged that the movie portrayed the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and its leader V Prabhakaran in bad light.
Although John Abraham later denied labelling anyone or group as terrorist in the film, it failed to cut ice with the groups. Subsequently, the producers came forward to arrange a special screening for those who had apprehensions about it.
After watching Madras Cafe, on August 18, in Chennai, Seeman said, "The aim of the movie is to portray Prabhakaran as a villain. We cannot accept the movie in any form. The heart of the film is anti-Tamil."
He has urged the film exhibitors not to screen the film. Tamil film director RK Selvamani said the film featured Malayalis as patriotic persons attempting to save a former Prime Minister.(Inputs from PTI)
Continue reading the story on slides...
Tamil Director RK Selvamani Said
Everyone shown as good is a Malayali and almost all Tamils are characterised as villains.
Madras Cafe Plot
Sources in the Tamil film industry said the movie's plot was the killing of Rajiv Gandhi and the events that culminated in his assassination.
Complaint On Madras Cafe
In July pro-Tamil activists filed a complaint to the city police seeking to ban the movie Madras Cafe, on the ground that it portrayed the LTTE in bad light.
John Abraham's Role
Madras Cafe is set in the late 80s and early 90s in India and Sri Lanka and shows military operations against a rebel group in the island, in which Abraham acts as an intelligence agent.
John Abraham Defended
During the Madras Cafe promotional event in Chennai, actor John Abraham had maintained that the film had not taken sides.
Madras Cafe Cast
Madras Cafe has John Abraham and Nargis Fakhri in the lead roles. The flick is directed by Shoojit Sircar.


text:
--Mostly I am relaxed, although I do like to get out and do things. I am a gamer, but given a choice between sitting and leveling a Shaman in World of Warcraft and finding true social interaction outside of my apartment, I would take the latter. I do not like to be in one place for extended periods and it makes the whole living without any roommates a little jarring at times.
--Striking up conversations is exceptionally easy for me, and as long as you have something to say back to me, I will likely be someone you would want to get to know, although that may just be me trying to inflate my importance a little. But I think it might be true, at the very least. And if I can make you laugh within the first 5 minutes of a face-to-face contact, then we're already off on the right foot.
--I would love to hear from anyone and everyone and am typically not picky about who I talk to. I'm looking for friends, love, chat, even just finding a buddy to just hang out with... frankly, I don't have a preference.
* Skype: email@example.com (can only accept calls)
Movies: Star Wars, anything from the Marvel/DC universe, Star Trek, Blade, Persona 3 series, and others. I don't get to see a lot.
Shows: Star Trek, Babylon 5, Fullmetal Alchemist, X-Files, other various anime, bit nothing terribly current. Don't watch a lot of TV. Mostly Youtube.
Music: Adult alternative, pop, rock, a little rap, many instrumental pieces, video game music, orchestral.
Food: Pie, cheese, tea, pasta, Asian cuisine, exotic weird foods, steak, burgers, Italian food., and only homemade Mexican... because I really don't like it anyway.
Video Games: Final Fantasy, Breath of Fire, Fatal Frame, Mortal Kombat, Persona, Silent Hill, Resident Evil, Star Trek Online, World of Warcraft, Bravely Default, Pokemon, and many others.
I watch a lot of Youtube series. It is essentially my version of TV.


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Mary Molar Visits Hickory Point School in Northbrook
Second graders at Hickory Point School in Northbrook cheer along with Mary Molar, who is played by nurse Gayle Mastrianno. The character helps encourage students to have good dental health.
Posted By Gail Kahover, Northbrook District 27 Communications Director, Community Contributor
Copyright © 2017, Chicago Tribune


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Szechuan Dan Dan Noodles
Recipe by EdsGirlAngie
I love Asian noodle dishes, especially the spicy ones! This one's just hot enough; add more heat if you like. I also like the flavor of both the sesame oil and sesame seeds in this dish, and I toast the seeds until they're nearly brown. This makes a nice and quick side dish for dinner, or a tasty light lunch.
Top Review by teresas
I gave this a 5 * while DH gave it a 3*. I loved all the flavors including the vinegar. I did decrease the vinegar during step #2 and did a taste test and added the rest of the vinegar for the tartness. I love hot and spicy dishes and this didn't disappoint me. DH was surprised that it was cold and not hot. I think that's what disappointed him the most. I should have warned him a head of time. I did use wide rice noodles because that is what I had in the cupboard, so I was on a hunt to use them up when I found this recipe. Thanks for posting. :)
See Discussion:6 Reviews
Ingredients Nutrition
- 1⁄2 lb dried Chinese egg noodles (in a pinch, linguine will work)
- 1⁄2 tablespoon dark sesame oil
- 2 teaspoons peanut oil
The sauce
- 1 tablespoon sesame seeds, toasted,plus
- 1 teaspoon sesame seeds, toasted
- 1⁄2 clove garlic, minced
- 1 teaspoon shredded fresh gingerroot
- 1 teaspoon szechuan chili paste
- 2 teaspoons balsamic vinegar or 1 comparable sweetish rice vinegar
- 2 teaspoons rice vinegar
- 2 tablespoons soy sauce or 2 tablespoons tamari soy sauce
- 1 teaspoon red pepper flakes
- 3 tablespoons minced green onions, some green tops included
- 4 teaspoons fresh cilantro, chopped
Directions See How It's Made
- Cook the noodles until al dente, then drain and rinse with cold water; drain again and toss with the sesame oil and peanut oil.
- Combine the sauce ingredients and correct seasoning, adding more heat if you wish.
- Toss with the noodles and garnish with green onion and cilantro.
- This is traditionally served cold or at room temperature.


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YMCA Camp Collins
3001 SE Oxbow Pkwy
CEO Information Not Available
Hours of Operation:
3001 SE Oxbow Pkwy
Gresham, OR 97080
Phone: 503-663-5813
CEO Information Not Available
Robert Stayton, Chief Volunteer Officer
Hours of Operation:
Sunday: closed
Monday: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Tuesday: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Wednesday: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Thursday: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Friday: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.
Saturday: closed
Participates in:
Camping, Family, Teens
Camping, Family, Teens
Copyright © 2017 YMCA of the USA. All rights reserved.
The YMCA is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to put Christian principles into practice through programs that build healthy spirit, mind and body for all.


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Kaitlyn Danielson and Jaron Westholter of Elk River announce the birth of their daughter, Aurora MaryAnn, Wednesday, October 30, 2013, at Maple Grove. Aurora weighed 7 pounds, 9 ounces and was 20.5 inches long.
Grandparents are Mike and Vicki Danielson of Elk River, Tom and Tina Westholter of Big Lake, Tom and Debbie Crandall of Coon Rapids. Great-grandparents are Annabel Hoag of Elk River, Mary Westholter of Elk River, Lawrence Westholter of Elk River and John and Mary Avre of Cambridge.
Westholter Kaitlyn Danielson and


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STATEHOUSE- (July 29, 2014) – State Sen. Ed Charbonneau (R-Valparaiso) will represent Indiana as a member of the Great Lakes Legislative Caucus Executive Committee. The caucus is a bipartisan group of regional lawmakers strengthening the role of state and local legislators in the Great Lakes policymaking process. The caucus provides a forum for the exchange of ideas and information on important issues involving the Great Lakes.
"Protecting the Great Lakes is a significant and important challenge." Charbonneau said. "These five lakes represent 95 percent of North America's fresh water and 20 percent of the world's fresh water. I am honored to be elected to the caucus executive committee."
The Great Lakes Legislative Caucus Executive Committee includes a chair, vice chair and 10 other legislators—one from each of the eight states and two Canadian provinces in the Great Lakes basin.
The caucus also maintains a legislative tracker that monitors bills being considered in state capitols and Washington, D.C., (available at www.greatlakeslegislators.org) and regularly holds Great Lakes policy and training sessions for lawmakers.
Charbonneau and other members of the executive committee will guide caucus efforts in 2015 and 2016.
Click here for a high-resolution photo of Charbonneau.


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I just received a Leap Motion controller and I am really impressed. You could think of this device as a 3D mouse or a sort of a short range Microsoft Kinect. And unlike so many gadgets that sound cool but when you get them fail to actually be exciting, the Leap Motion controller is even cooler than I hoped it would be.
The device is a tiny box (3.125" by 1.3" by 0.5") with a power-on LED that connects via USB to your OS X or Windows system. Plug the controller in, install the correct driver, and you have the ability to move the cursor by simply pointing at the screen (multiple monitors are also supported).
What is so impressive about the technology in the Leap Motion controller is that it can detect all ten fingers simultaneously to an accuracy of 1/100 of a millimeter in x, y, and z at a rate of 200 frames per second and discern gestures such as pinching.
This is a screenshot from Leap Motion's Orientation utility showing its analysis of where my hands were in the space above the controller. Note that all ten fingers are simultaneously detected.
You can download and launch apps designed to work with the Leap Motion from the company's Airspace Store. In the store there's a handful of free apps that demonstrate very effectively how the controller can be used as well as rather more that are priced from $0.99 (such as AirHarp, a harp that can be played by waving your hands) to $99.99 (AeroMIDI which allows you to control and play midi connected software and hardware).
Leap Motion has SDKs available in its developer section for OS X, Windows, and Linux and additional third party libraries and support code for JavaScript, Flash, Processing, .NET, Python, Java, C/C++, and more are available. There's also a process for having apps accepted by the Airspace Store.
While you can drive your computer using the Leap Motion controller its real value lies in applications that take advantage of 3D input. And the fact that you can relatively simply build support for the controller into applications and even Web pages makes the Leap Motion one of the most impressive gadgets I've seen for a while. And at a price of $79.99 it's a lot of tech for the money. Highly recommended.


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Kaytee Yogurt Chips for Rabbits
My bunny absolutely loves these things. He goes nuts for them. They make a great special treat for your rabbit!
These yogurt treats are seriously like crack to my rabbit. He loves them! They are healthy and easy to digest for the bunny. The plastic tub is easy to store. One every couple days is a good rule of thumb.
My bunny loves this stuff. Apparently it is quite tasty. It is compressed so you get a lot of bang for your buck. It is very good for their intestinal track as well.
This treat stick is great for bunnies. My little guy loves this thing. It is a good way to add some variety to your pet's diet.


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Jinks follows Rutledge's remarkable run
Updated 9:05 pm, Wednesday, December 14, 2011
Steele coach Mike Jinks is leading one of the great runs in Greater San Antonio high school football history, and only one area coach has gone through something similar:
Jinks' former coach D.W. Rutledge.
The Knights have won 28 straight games entering Saturday's Class 5A Division II state championship game against Spring Dekaney.
Rutledge is the only area coach who has guided a streak like that.
He led Judson to a 30-game unbeaten streak from 1992-94 and a 28-game winning streak in 1988 and '89 with Jinks at quarterback. He knows firsthand the difficulty in maintaining such a string.
Sports Channel
There are few things, he said, less predictable than the mental state of a teenager, making it a minor miracle to get a team of teenagers to perform every week without fail.The first thing Jinks and Rutledge point to is the strength and stability of their coaching staffs.
When Jinks was a young assistant coach, he wondered why Judson's Jim Rackley and Pete Gibbens would stay for years and years as assistants, even though they could have had head-coaching opportunities earlier.
"Now I know," Jinks said. "When you're part of a special run, you hope it never ends."
Eight of Steele's 10 assistant coaches have been there since the beginning, when the school opened in 2005.
Jinks named five assistants who easily could become head coaches elsewhere.
Offensive coordinator Scott Lehnhoff is one of them, and he cited the continuity as a main reason to stay. Compared to the relationship Steele's coaching staff has, Lehnhoff said they might not be so fortunate somewhere else.
There were plenty of offers to Judson's coaches from other schools during its run.
Including at least one to Rutledge.
In the mid-1990s, shortly after the 30-game winning streak, Texas A&M called Rutledge to coach its tight ends.
Rutledge said it was an opportunity he considered for a while, but he couldn't leave Judson.
Could the dream job opportunity be out there for Jinks?
After Chad Morris won two state championships at Lake Travis in 2008 and 2009, he moved on to colleges. As Clemson's offensive coordinator, he signed a contract extension this week that's worth $1.3 million a year.
Todd Graham was 36 when he left Allen to become an assistant at West Virginia in 2001. He was named Arizona State's head coach on Wednesday, his fourth college head-coaching position since 2006.
Jinks, 39, turned down an offer last year to become head coach at his alma mater Angelo State.
He's already considered as one of the top young coaches in the state. If he adds another state championship, his résumé would top almost any high school coach under 40.
Jinks isn't thinking about it.
He knows he's part of something special that the area hasn't seen since Rutledge was guiding Judson's glory days.
Steele fans will worry about Jinks' next destination every offseason, and it might not be long before there's an offer he can't pass up.
If they can take comfort in anything, it might be that Jinks is cut from the same cloth as Rutledge.
And Rutledge stayed.


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Hello pretty flowy long sleeve shirt
A featherweight flowy long sleeve A featherweight flowy long sleeve shirt with an oversized round neck and a loose ribbed waistband. This sweet piece features "Hello Pretty" in pink on the front and a small coordinating Plum Pretty Sugar logo at the top of the neck in the neck in the back. Cotton


text:
|Home Software category Just in softwares Submit a program Contact us Link to us
Home > Network & Internet::Network Monitoring > Efficient Surveillance Studio 4.0
Efficient Surveillance Studio 4.0
Video surveillance platform with recording, monitoring and face recognitionCompany: Frankie-Tools
Platform: WinXP,WinVista,WinVista x64,Win7 x32,Win7 x64,Win2000,WinOther,WinServer,Win98
Size: 19729 KB
Price: USD $249.99
Release Date: 2010-11-02
Screenshot URL: http://newworld.newweblab.com/stores/_images/scrsh_3_4.jpg
Category: Network & Internet::Network Monitoring
The program has been created as universal software for security hybrid platforms running concurrently with wireless and wired Internet cameras, Television-boards, capture cards, power-line, and USB webcams. It has web interface with the similar appearance and functionality on the local and remote pcs.
Related keywords:
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Efficient Surveillance Studio Related Titles:Net Monitor for Employees Professional 5.4.6 - Use this software to perform employee monitoring or classroom management
Total Network Inventory 3.4.5 - Build a hassle-free network inventory remotely!
Total Network Inventory 3.4.5 - Build a hassle-free network inventory remotely!
Colasoft Capsa Professional 10.0 - Packet sniffer (network analyzer) for network monitoring and troubleshooting
Capsa Network Analyzer 10.0 - Packet sniffer (network analyzer) for network monitoring and troubleshooting
Capsa Network Analyzer Free Edition 10.0 - Free network analyzer for network monitoring and troubleshooting
Nsauditor Network Security Auditor 3.0.21 - Network Security Auditing for possible vulnerabilities.Over 45 net tools.
DhcpExplorer 1.4.8 - DhcpExplorer allows you to discover DHCP servers on your local subnet or LAN.
EasyFtpClient 2018 - Software FTP for putting online internet site
NBMonitor Network Bandwidth Monitor 1.6.4 - NBMonitor tracks your Internet bandwidth upload and downloads usage.
Dynu IP Update Client 5.3 - IP updater to keep your current IP address in sync with your hostnames
NEWT Professional Network Inventory 2.5.323 - Network inventory information from all your networked computers
Audio & Multimedia Business Communications Desktop Development Education Dwg Converter Games & Entertainment Graphic Apps Home & Hobby Network & Internet News Security & Privacy Servers System Utilities Web Development Others
Copyright © 2000 - 2017 FreeSharewareCenter.com - Freeware and Shareware Download Center.
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The crowd descended on the city centre's indoor Printworks complex and jumped up and down with their umbrellas open.
The mob's organisers had intended to pull the stunt in the complex's Filmworks cinema, but were foiled by staff.
Almost as soon as the mob had formed, it dispersed, in true "flash mob" style.
The surreal phenomenon originated in New York and has spread across Europe.
The Manchester flash mob had been arranged through the flashmob.com website while emails had been sent to participants during the day, telling them to meet at pre-arranged pubs in the city centre.
They were told to bring an umbrella and approach a man in a red shirt drinking a pint of Guinness to be told what to do.
A Filmworks spokesman said: "We were tipped off that they were coming by the police.
"So we pulled the shutters down and made sure we only allowed customers into the building.
Stopped by security
"We were worried it would be a fire hazard."
Organisers then tried to take the "mob" into the Norwegian Blue bar, opposite the cinema, but they were stopped by security guards.
One person who took part said afterwards: "It was brilliant. Four of us travelled into town to take part.
"We'd only just heard about it yesterday and found details on the internet.
"'I've not laughed this much for a long time. It's all a bit of fun as long as no one gets hurt."


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The Get Go - Vita Chambers
I'm so proud of this little island girl. Following in the footsteps of Rihanna and Shontelle, Vita Chambers is a rising star who is currently on tour with Justin Bieber. Her sound is fun and bubbly but she's got more talent than most 16 and 17 year-old girls out there now.


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text: Slings are by no means a new invention — women have been strapping their children to their sides for ages as it provides closeness, comfort and ease. Straight out of the womb, most wee ones crave being held tight or swaddled as it reminds them of their embryonic stage. Aside from the encircled fabrics providing a place for baby, they offer a mother support to go about her business while keeping an eye on her offspring. A popular new mom "must have," there are loads of options in a plethora of styles and colors. Check them out!


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Click here to view the second Kids Works International update for July 2009.
In this update:
- Vital information about the BOOST tour
- BOOST It! Slovakia project report
- Personal update
Click here to view the second Kids Works International update for July 2009.
In this update:
Trust you had a Happy Easter and managed to spend some time relaxing with family whilst celebrating new life because of Jesus! We awoke on Easter Sunday to a 'white' Easter – a 'white' Christmas we get, but a 'white' Easter was a little unusual! The other noteworthy natural event we have recently experienced was an earthquake. We were woken in the middle of the night by a loud rumble, followed by an obvious shaking of our whole house. This lasted about 30 seconds – long enough to wake up thinking 'what the heck is that', work out that it is probably an earthquake and then start thinking 'do I need to get up and check that everything is ok, like does my house now have a huge crack that I can only see from the outside and what do the other houses in our street now look like? ' We survived with no damage (but didn't actually get out of bed to check till the morning), as did the majority of the country.
John's recent trip to Poland and Czech with Connie and Tim (NLI interns) was a success on a number of fronts! They survived (which is always good!) and thanks to everyone who was praying for them! John's driving was apparently ok with only one or two near misses, and no major losses in direction, thanks to the GPS. However, once back home, the length of time it took him to adjust to driving on the left hand side again was more than a little worrying! The trip was very encouraging for us as the main purpose was to carry out initial negotiations for the towns to be part of BOOST Tour 09. In each town, John barely spoke for 10 mins before they were excitedly on board and already making plans for venues, working out if they could use the Tesco (like Coles) car park and how the tour would work. Mid-April, John and Chris will travel to Slovakia to check out some of the towns there. This will also be the start BOOST It! - our 2 year training program for national kids leaders in Slovakia. The national executives of the denomination (not sure of the name but is apostolic) will also be attending this first training event. In all, we will conduct 8 training events in Slovakia during 2008/09.
So things are a little quiet around the Santo house now! All the Aussies have gone home and, although the extra space is appreciated, the lack of company has forced us into watching copious amounts of 'Red Dwarf'. Sad, we know!!
John is headed to


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 5/7/2013 (1505 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
The death of an eight-year-old Manitoba girl continues to be shrouded in secrecy as police and community leaders refuse to discuss any details.
And that has many living in Pukatawagan on edge as the rumour mill churns out several unconfirmed stories about what happened on the isolated northern reserve last weekend.
"There's a lot of speculation going around," said Jermaine Bighetty, 18, in a telephone interview this week.
The Free Press has learned a family member of the victim has been identified as a suspect, although no charges have been laid. RCMP say an autopsy was conducted on Monday, but the cause of death has not been made public. So far, the Mounties have only deemed it "suspicious."
Several residents told the Free Press it appears the girl was smothered in what may have been a wrestling-type move on her. Some have described it as accidental, while others claim it was deliberate.
RCMP wouldn't address specific questions on the case this week, including whether the family member is in custody or has been released pending further investigation and possibly an opinion from senior Manitoba justice officials.
RCMP say members of the Winnipeg-based serious crime unit, Thompson-based major crime unit and the north district crime-reduction enforcement support team have been brought in to assist with the ongoing investigation.
However, Cpl. Miles Hiebert did refute a claim from some Pukatawagan members that a second body, connected to the girl's death, was discovered this week. He said police are only investigating one death.
There was even more silence from Chief Arlen Dumas and council in Pukatawagan, who repeatedly told the Free Press they would provide a statement but ultimately refused to return phone calls.
Over a three-day period, Dumas was repeatedly said to be in "meetings" and unable to speak, even though council members and the band office said he would respond.
Pukatawagan is more than 800 kilometres north of Winnipeg and is one of the most troubled reserves in Canada. Approximately 2,000 people live in the community, which can only be accessed by air or train.
In their only news release on the incident, RCMP say officers were called to a residence last Saturday for a report of an "unresponsive" child. She was rushed to the local nursing station where she was pronounced dead.
The girl's name has not been released.
Bighetty, and several others residents who did not want their names published, told the Free Press there have been other alarming incidents in recent weeks in Pukatawagan, including one connected to the same house where the girl died.