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Transpersonal Psychology: Integral · Esoteric · Meditation
Samatha (Pāli), śamatha (Sanskrit; also orthographically romanized to shamatha) "calm abiding," comprises a suite, type or style of Buddhist meditation or concentration practices designed to enhance sustained voluntary attention, and culminates in an attention that can be sustained effortlessly for hours on end.[1] Samatha is a subset of the broader family of samādhi ("concentration") meditation practices.[2]
The Tibetan term for samatha is shiney (wylie: zhi-gnas). According to Jamgon Kongtrul, insight may be garnered by an exegesis of the etymology of śamatha and shiney:
The Tibetan term is shiné [shi-ne] (shi-gnas) and the Sanskrit is Shamatha. In the case of the Tibetan, the first syllable, shi, and in the case of the Sanskrit, the first two syllables, shama, refer to "peace" and "pacification". The meaning of peace or pacification in this context is that normally our mind is like a whirlwind of agitation. The agitation is the agitation of thought. Our thoughts are principally an obsessive concern with past, conceptualization about the present, and especially an obsessive concern with the future. This means that usually our mind is not experiencing the present moment at all.[3]
The semantic field of shi and shama is "pacification", "the slowing or cooling down", "rest".[4] The semantic field of né is "to abide or remain" and this is cognate or equivalent with the final syllable of the Sanskrit, thā.[5]
General discussionEdit
Buddhists consider meditation to be an act of concentration on a particular object or idea, sometimes in conjunction with inquiry into the nature of the object, as with wisdom (P: paññā, S: prajñā) or insight (P: vipassanā; S: vipaśyanā) practices (such as those encountered in the dzogchen tradition).[6] Therefore, meditations from other religious traditions are sometimes referred to as a variation of samatha meditation that differ in the focus of concentration, such as breathing, scriptural passage, mantra, religious picture, a rock, body (as a representation of death), and so on. In this sense, samatha is not a strictly Buddhist meditation. Mindfulness (sati) of breathing (ānāpāna: ānāpānasati; S. ānāpānasmṛti[7]) is the most common samatha practice. Samatha in its single-pointed focus and concentration of mind is cognate with the sixth "limb" of aṣṭanga yoga', rāja yoga which is concentration (dhāraṇā). For further discussion, see the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali.
For Buddhists, samatha is commonly practiced as a prelude to and in conjunction with wisdom practices.[6] Traditionally, in Buddhist meditation there are forty objects of meditation, although the breath as an object of meditation enjoys the widest popularity traditionally. Samatha can include other samādhi practices as well.
Samatha is commonly used in Theravada Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and various branches of the Pure Land tradition.
In the early suttasEdit
The Buddha is said to have identified two paramount mental qualities that arise from wholesome meditative practice:
- calm abiding (Pāli: samatha) which steadies, composes, unifies and concentrates the mind;
- insight (Pāli: vipassanā) which enables one to see, explore and discern "formations" (conditioned phenomena based on the five aggregates).[8]
Through the meditative development of calm abiding, one is able to suppress the obscuring five hindrances. With the suppression of these hindrances, the meditative development of insight yields liberating wisdom.[9] Moreover, the Buddha is said to have extolled serenity and insight as conduits for attaining the unconditioned state of nibbana (Pāli; Skt.: Nirvana). For example, in the Kimsuka Tree Sutta (SN 35.245), the Buddha provides an elaborate metaphor in which serenity and insight are "the swift pair of messengers" who deliver the message of nibbana via the noble eightfold path.[10]
In the Four Ways to Arahantship Sutta (AN 4.170), Ven. Ānanda reports that people attain arahantship using calm abiding and insight in one of three ways:
- they develop calm abiding and then insight (Pāli: samatha-pubbangamam vipassanam)
- they develop insight and then calm abiding (Pāli: vipassana-pubbangamam samatham)[11]
- they develop calm abiding and insight in tandem (Pāli: samatha-vipassanam yuganaddham), for instance, obtaining the first jhāna and then seeing in the associated aggregates the three marks of existence before proceeding to the second jhāna.[12]
In the Pāli canon, the Buddha never mentions independent samatha and vipassana meditation practices; instead, samatha and vipassana are two "qualities of mind" to be developed through meditation. As Thanissaro Bhikkhu writes, "when [the Pāli suttas] depict the Buddha telling his disciples to go meditate, they never quote him as saying 'go do vipassana,' but always 'go do jhana.' And they never equate the word "vipassana" with any mindfulness techniques. In the few instances where they do mention vipassana, they almost always pair it with samatha — not as two alternative methods, but as two qualities of mind that a person may 'gain' or 'be endowed with,' and that should be developed together.[13] Similarly, referencing MN 151, vv. 13-19, and AN IV, 125-27, Ajahn Brahm (who, like Bhikkhu Thanissaro, is of the Thai Forest Tradition) writes that "some traditions speak of two types of meditation, insight meditation (vipassana) and calm meditation (samatha). In fact the two are indivisible facets of the same process. Calm is the peaceful happiness born of meditation; insight is the clear understanding born of the same meditation. Calm leads to insight and insight leads to calm."[14]
Nonetheless, some meditation practices such as contemplation of a kasina object favor the development of samatha, others such as contemplation of the aggregates are conducive to the development of vipassana, while others such as mindfulness of breathing are classically used for developing both mental qualities.[15]
Contemporary Theravāda interpretationsEdit
In the "New Burmese Method" or "Vipassana School" an approach to samatha and vipassana was developed by Mingun Jetavana Sayādaw U Nārada and popularized by Mahasi Sayadaw. Here samatha is considered an optional but not necessary component of the practice—vipassana is possible without it. Another Burmese method, derived from Ledi Sayadaw via U Ba Khin and S. N. Goenka, takes a similar approach. The Thai Forest tradition deriving from Ajahn Mun and popularized by Ajahn Chah, in contrast, stresses the inseparability of the two practices, and the essential necessity of both practices. Other Burmese traditions popularized in the west, notably that of Pa Auk Sayadaw, uphold the emphasis on samatha explicit in the commentarial tradition of the Visuddhimagga.
A 2008 book by Richard Shankman entitled The Experience of Samadhi: An In-depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation comparatively surveys the treatment of samatha in the suttas, in the commentarial tradition of the Visuddhimagga, and among a number of prominent contemporary Theravāda teachers of various orientations.[16]
In the Indo-Tibetan traditionEdit
Relevant sūtrasEdit
A number of Mahāyāna sūtras address śamatha, usually in conjunction with vipaśyanā. One of the most prominent, the Cloud of Jewels Sutra (Ārya Ratnamegha Sutra, Tib. 'phags-pa dkon-mchog sprin-gyi mdo) divides all forms of meditation into either śamatha or vipaśyanā, defining śamatha as "single-pointed consciousness" and vipaśyanā as "seeing into the nature of things."[17] The Sūtra Unlocking the Mysteries (Samdhinirmocana Sūtra), a yogācāra sūtra, is also often used as a source for teachings on śamatha. The Samādhirāja Sūtra is often cited as an important source for śamatha instructions by the Kagyu tradition, particularly via commentary by Gampopa,[18] although scholar Andrew Skilton, who has studied the Samādhirāja Sūtra extensively, reports that the sūtra itself "contains no significant exposition of either meditational practices or states of mind."[19]
Factors in śamathaEdit
In a formulation originating with Asaṅga (4th CE), śamatha practice is said to progress through nine "mental abidings" (S. navākārā cittasthiti, Tib. sems gnas dgu), leading to śamatha proper (the equivalent of "access concentration" in the Theravāda system) and from there to an exceptional state of meditative concentration called the first dhyāna (Pāli: jhāna; Tib. bsam gtan) which is often said to be a state of tranquillity or bliss.[1][20] Thus, it furthers the right concentration aspect of the noble eightfold path. The successful result of samatha is also sometimes characterized as meditative absorption (samādhi, ting nge 'dzin) and meditative equipoise (samāhita, mnyam-bzhag), and freedom from the five obstructions (āvaraṇa, sgrib-pa). It may also result in the siddhis of clairvoyance (abhijñā, mgon shes) and magical emanation (nirmāna, sprul pa).[21]
Asaṅga delineates the nine mental abidings in his Abhidharmasamuccaya and the Śrāvakabhūmi chapter of his Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra. It is also found in the Mahāyānasūtrālaṅkāra of Maitreyanātha. The system of the five faults and eight antedotes originates with Maitreyanātha's Madhyānta-vibhāga. The whole system is elaborated further in the three Bhāvanākrama texts (particularly the second one) of Kamalaśīla, a later author, and by generations of Tibetan commentators.[22] Thus the following shamatha formulation derives originally from the Yogācāra tradition.
To practice śamatha, one must select an object of observation (ālambana, dmigs-pa). Then one must overcome the five faults (ādīnava, nyes-dmigs):[21][23]
- 1. laziness (kausīdya, le-lo)
- 2. forgetting the instruction (avavādasammosa, gdams-ngag brjed-pa)
- 3. laxity (laya, bying-ba) and excitement (auddhatya, rgod-pa). Laxity may be coarse (audārika, rags-pa) or subtle (sūksma, phra-mo). Lethargy (styana, rmugs-pa) is often also present, but is said to be less common.
- 4. non-application (anabhisamskāra, 'du mi-byed-pa)
- 5. [over]application (abhisamskāra, 'du byed-pa)
Using the eight antidodes (pratipakṣa, gnyen-po) or applications (abhisamskāra, 'du-byed pa):[21]
- for laziness:
- 1. faith (śraddhā, dad-pa)
- i. contemplate faults of distraction (vikṣepa, rnam-par gyen-ba)
- 2. aspiration (chanda, 'dun-pa)
- 3. exertion (vyayama, rtsol-ba)
- 4. pliancy (praśrabdhi, shin-sbyangs)
- 1. faith (śraddhā, dad-pa)
- for forgetting the instruction:
- 5. mindfulness (smṛti, dran-pa)
- for laxity and excitement
- 6. awareness (samprajaña, shes-bzhin)
- for non-application
- 7. application (abhisaṃskāra, 'du byed-pa)
- for overapplication
- 8. non-application (anabhisaṃskāra, 'du mi-byed-pa)
Six powers (bala, stobs) are also needed for śamatha:[24]
- 1. hearing (śruta, thos-pa)
- 2. thinking (cintā, bsam-pa)
- 3. mindfulness (smṛti, dran-pa)
- 4. awareness (samprajaña, shes-bzhin)
- 5. effort (vīrya, brtson-'grus)
- 6. familiarity (paricaya, yong-su 'dris-pa)
Four modes of mental enagagement (manaskāra, yid-la byed-pa) are said to be possible:[21]
- 1. forcible engagement (balavāhana, sgrim-ste 'jug-pa)
- 2. interrupted engagement (sacchidravāhana, chad-cing 'jug-pa)
- 3. uninterrupted engagement (niśchidravāhana, med-par 'jug-pa)
- 4. spontaneous engagement (anābhogavāhana, lhun-grub-tu 'jug-pa)
The Nine Mental Abidings (navākārā cittasthiti, sems-gnas dgu) are:[21]
- 1. placement of the mind (cittasthāpana, sems 'jog-pa)
- 2. continuous placement (samsthāpana, rgyun-du 'jog-pa)
- 3. re-placement (avasthāpana, slan-te 'jog-pa)
- 4. close placement (upasthāpana, nye-bar 'jog-pa)
- 5. disciplining (damana, dul-bar byed-pa)
- 6. pacifying (śamana, zhi-bar byed-pa)
- 7. thorough pacification (vyupaśamana, nye-bar zhi-bar byed-pa)
- 8. one-pointedness (ekotīkarana, rtse-gcig-tu byed-pa)
- 9. placement in equipoise (samādhāna, mnyam-par 'jog-pa)
- (10. śamatha, the culmination, is sometimes listed as a tenth stage)
Śamatha in mahāmudrā and dzogchen Edit
Śamatha is approached somewhat differently in the mahāmudrā tradition as practiced in the Kagyu lineage. As Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche explains,
In the practice of Mahamudra tranquility meditation ... we treat all thoughts as the same in order to gain sufficient distance and detachment from our current mental state, which will allow us to ease naturally into a state of tranquility without effort or contrivance... In order for the mind to settle, we need to suspend the value judgments that we impose on our mental activities... it is essential that we not try to create a state of tranquility but allow the mind to enter into tranquility naturally. This is an important notion in the Mahamudra tradition, that of nondoing. We do not do tranquility mediation, we allow tranquility to arise of its own accord, and it will do so only if we stop thinking of the meditative state as a thing that we need to do actively... In a manner of speaking, catching yourself in the act of distraction is the true test of tranquility meditation, for what counts is not the ability to prevent thoughts or emotions from arising but the ability to catch ourselves in a particular mental or emotional state. This is the very essence of tranquility meditation [in the context of Mahāmudrā]. . . The Mahamudra style of meditation does not encourage us toward the different levels of meditative concentration traditionally described in the exoteric mediation manuals. . . From the Mahamudra point of view, we should not desire meditative equipoise nor have an aversion to discursive thoughts and conflicting emotions but view both of these states with equanimity. Again, the significant point is not whether meditative equipoise is present but whether we are able to maintain awareness of our mental states. If disturbing thoughts do arise, as they certainly will, we should simply recognize these thoughts and emotions as transient phenomena.[25]
For the Kagyupa, in the context of mahāmudrā, śamatha by means of mindfulness of breathing is thought to be the ideal way for the meditator to transition into taking the mind itself as the object of meditation and generating vipaśyanā on that basis.[26]
Quite similar is the approach to śamatha found in dzogchen semde (Sanskrit: mahāsandhi cittavarga). In the semde system, śamatha is the first of the four yogas (Tib. naljor, Wylie: rnal-'byor),[27] the others being vipaśyanā (Wylie: lhag-mthong), nonduality (advaya, Tib. nyime, Wylie: gnyis-med),[28] and spontaneous presence (anābogha or nirābogha, Tib. lhundrub, Wylie: lhun-grub).[29] These parallel the four yogas of mahāmudrā.
Ajahn Amaro, one of the abbots of Abhayagiri Monastery and a longtime student in the Thai Forest Theravādin tradition of Ajahn Chah, has also trained in the dzogchen semde śamatha approach under Tsoknyi Rinpoche. He found similarities in the approaches of the two traditions to śamatha.[30]
Relationship with vipaśyanāEdit
Dzogchen Pönlop Rinpoche clearly charts the developmental relationship of the practices of śamatha and vipaśyanā:
The ways these two aspects of meditation are practised is that one begins with the practice of shamatha; on the basis of that, it becomes possible to practice vipashyana or lhagthong. Through one's practice of vipashyana being based on and carried on in the midst of shamatha, one eventually ends up practicing a unification [yuganaddha] of shamatha and vipashyana. The unification leads to a very clear and direct experience of the nature of all things. This brings one very close to what is called the absolute truth.[31]
See alsoEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wallace, A: 'The Attention Revolution', Wisdom Publications, 1st ed., 2006, p.6
- ↑ Wallace, A: 'The Attention Revolution', Wisdom Publications, 1st ed., 2006, p.131
- ↑ Ray, Reginald A. (Ed.)(2004). In the Presence of Masters: Wisdom from 30 Contemporary Tibetan Buddhist Teachers. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala Publications. ISBN 1-57062-849-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) p.69.
- ↑ Ray, Reginald A. (Ed.)(2004). In the Presence of Masters: Wisdom from 30 Contemporary Tibetan Buddhist Teachers. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala. ISBN 1-57062-849-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) p.69.
- ↑ Ray, Reginald A. (Ed.)(2004). In the Presence of Masters: Wisdom from 30 Contemporary Tibetan Buddhist Teachers. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambhala. ISBN 1-57062-849-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) p.70.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Wallace, A: 'The Attention Revolution', Wisdom Publications, 1st ed., 2006, p.164
- ↑ although this term is also used for vipassanā meditation
- ↑ These definitions of samatha and vipassana are based on the Four Kinds of Persons Sutta (AN 4.94). This article's text is primarily based on Bodhi (2005), pp. 269-70, 440 n. 13. See also Thanissaro (1998d).
- ↑ See, for instance, AN 2.30 in Bodhi (2005), pp. 267-68, and Thanissaro (1998e).
- ↑ Bodhi (2000), pp. 1251-53. See also Thanissaro (1998c) (where this sutta is identified as SN 35.204). See also, for instance, a discourse (Pāli: sutta) entitled "Serenity and Insight" (SN 43.2), where the Buddha states: "And what, bhikkhus, is the path leading to the unconditioned? Serenity and insight...." (Bodhi, 2000, pp. 1372-73).
- ↑ While the Nikayas identify that the pursuit of vipassana can precede the pursuit of samatha, a fruitful vipassana-oriented practice must still be based upon the achievement of stabilizing "access concentration" (Pāli: upacara samādhi).
- ↑ Bodhi (2005), pp. 268, 439 nn. 7, 9, 10. See also Thanissaro (1998f).
- ↑ Thanissaro 1997
- ↑ Brahm (2006). Mindfulness, Bliss, and Beyond, Wisdom Publications, Inc.
- ↑ See, for instance, Bodhi (1999) and Nyanaponika (1996), p. 108.
- ↑ The Experience of Samadhi: An In-depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation by Richard Shankman. Shambhala: 2008. ISBN 1590305213
- ↑ "How to practice Calm-Abiding Meditation," Dharma Fellowship, [1],
- ↑ Collected Works of Chogyam Trungpa, Vol. II Shambhala Publications. pg 19
- ↑ "State or Statement?: Samādhi in Some Early Mahāyāna Sūtras." The Eastern Buddhist. 34-2. 2002 pg 57
- ↑ The Practice of Tranquility & Insight: A Guide to Tibetan Buddhist Mediation by Thrangu Rinpoche. Snow Lion Publications; 2 edition. 1998 ISBN 1559391065 pg 19
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Meditative States in Tibetan Buddhism By Lati Rinpoche, Denma Locho Rinpoche, Leah Zahler, Jeffrey Hopkins Wisdom Publications: December 25, 1996. ISBN 086171119X pgs 53-85
- ↑ Study and Practice of Meditation: Tibetan Interpretations of the Concentrations and Formless Absorptions by Leah Zahler. Snow Lion Publications: 2009 pg 23
- ↑ Study and Practice of Meditation: Tibetan Interpretations of the Concentrations and Formless Absorptions by Leah Zahler. Snow Lion Publications: 2009 pg 5)
- ↑ Meditative States in Tibetan Buddhism By Lati Rinpoche, Denma Locho Rinpoche, Leah Zahler, Jeffrey Hopkins Wisdom Publications: December 25, 1996. ISBN 086171119X pgs 54-58
- ↑ Mind at Ease, by Traleg Kyabgon, Shambhala Publications, pgs 149-152, 157
- ↑ Pointing Out the Great Way: The Stages of Meditation in the Mahamudra tradition by Dan Brown. Wisdom Publications: 2006 pg 221-34
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ Unbounded Wholeness by Anne C. Klein, Tenzin Wangyal. ISBN 0-19-517849-1 pg 349)
- ↑ Unbounded Wholeness by Anne C. Klein, Tenzin Wangyal. ISBN 0-19-517849-1 pg 357, 359
- ↑ Ajahn Chah's 'View of the View'", in Broad View, Boundless Heart by Ajahn Amaro.[3]
- ↑ Ray, Reginald A. (Ed.)(2004). In the Presence of Masters: Wisdom from 30 Contemporary Tibetan Buddhist Teachers. Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Shambala. ISBN 1-57062-849-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) p.76.
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On 24 March, the World Council of Churches (WCC) Commission on World Mission and Evangelism pre-assembly event invoked renewed thinking and commitment on evangelism, disassociated from the forces of oppression, and grounded in humility and respect for all.
Written by Maurice Malanes
Some 300 church leaders from various parts worldwide will be gathering in Manila from 22 to 27 March for a pre-assembly of the World Council of Churches' (WCC) Commission on World Mission and Evangelism.
The third Congress of the Lausanne Movement has been meeting in Cape Town, South Africa since the beginning of this week. Delegates from 200 countries have been discussing evangelism in diverse contexts, styles and cultures. The theme of the event is "God in Christ reconciling the world to himself" (2 Corinthians 5:19).
Christian mission is about sharing both the Gospel and material goods, the general secretary of the World Council of Churches (WCC) Rev. Dr Olav Fykse Tveit has said preaching in Edinburgh on Sunday, 6 June.
"This eucharist service [in which] we are sharing together the gifts of God" reminds us that "the highest wisdom in life is to share", Tveit told the congregation at Edinburgh's St Mary's Cathedral, of the Scottish Episcopal Church.
The need to keep together evangelism and the quest for social justice was highlighted by a representative of an ecumenical mission body speaking at an international church conference in Edinburgh on 3 June.
Bishop Geevarghese Mor Coorilos, from India, voiced a "growing concern that the prophetic voice [of the church] has been gradually diminishing in ecumenical circles including the World Council of Churches (WCC)". Coorilos is the moderator of the WCC's Commission on World Mission and Evangelism.
Written by ANiSA Associate
As Christians what do we understand as evangelism? What's the message that we give through evangelism? How do we give that message?

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Police are investigating the death of a man who reportedly died due to a self-inflicted gunshot wound in his car inside a Burbank parking structure, authorities said.
Around 2:30 a.m. Sunday, police responded to the parking structure at 651 N. San Fernando Blvd., after reports of a man down inside a vehicle in a secluded area of the building, said Burbank Police Sgt. Darin Ryburn.
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Dog's tale is one of international intrigue
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Democrat Bernie Sanders endorsed former rival Hillary Clinton for president in a belated show of party unity on Tuesday, saying it was critical that Democrats come together to defeat Republican Donald Trump in the Nov. 8 election.
A tropical storm in China has left 10 people dead and 11 missing, reports said Monday, after it lashed Taiwan with typhoon-grade winds and rain.
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China on Monday repeated its position that sovereign countries should resolve disputes through direct dialogue, one day before the Hague ruling of the West Philippine Sea (South China Sea) arbitration case.
The Dallas gunman is thought to have been plotting a major bomb attack, authorities said Sunday after 200 were arrested in a new night of protests over police violence against blacks.
WASHINGTON, United States - A father accidentally shot and killed his 14-year-old son at a Florida gun range on Sunday, police said.
RIYADH - Suicide bombers struck three cities across Saudi Arabia on Monday, killing at least four security officers in an apparently coordinated campaign of attacks as Saudis prepared to break their fast on the penultimate day of the holy month of Ramadan.
DHAKA/KUALA LUMPUR - Until late 2014, Nibras Islam appeared to acquaintances to be a typical student: fun-loving, in and out of love, and keen on sport, especially soccer. Women found him handsome.
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A tiger attacked and killed a zookeeper in its cage at a Spanish animal park Saturday, the local Red Cross service said.


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(Reuters) - Diamond Foods Inc DMND.O said it will miss Monday's deadline to file restated financial statements, which could lead to a delisting from Nasdaq, sending its shares down 5 percent.
Diamond, the maker of Emerald nuts, Pop Secret popcorn and Kettle potato chips, said it is in the process of preparing a restatement of its financial statements for fiscal 2010 and 2011 after an investigation uncovered improper accounting.
The accounting scandal, which revolved around the timing of payments to walnut farmers, claimed the jobs of Diamond's CEO and CFO and scuttled the company's plan to acquire Pringles potato chips from Procter & Gamble (PG.N).
Kellogg (K.N) bought Pringles instead, making it the largest snack food company behind PepsiCo Inc (PEP.N).
Diamond had until Monday to file reports for the last three quarters, but said it will be unable to file them on time.
The company also said it will be unable to hold its annual meeting by a July 31 deadline, which would also make it subject to delisting by Nasdaq.
Diamond plans to request a hearing to appeal Nasdaq's delisting determination and seek an extension to hold its annual meeting.
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Reporting By Martinne Geller in New York; editing by Jeffrey Benkoe and Maureen Bavdek


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JAPAN Airlines (JAL) has started using a Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft on four out of five weekly services between Tokyo (Narita) and New Delhi, effective May 1.
The remaining flight will continue to be served by a B777-200ER aircraft with 245 seats. In comparison, JAL's Dreamliner is configured with 42 business-class and 144 economy-class seats, translating into a 19-per cent reduction in capacity on the route.
Yasushi Isomura, country manager – India, JAL said: "We are making the best use of the Boeing 787's long-range capability to serve markets with promising business demand. With the introduction of the Dreamliner, we are expecting to attract a lot of corporate business and leisure travellers."
Susrita Banerjee, managing director, Fly Faraway Kolkata said: "Deployment of more fuel-efficient aircraft between India and Japan is welcome, as travel between the two countries is increasing substantially due to joint investments in industries such as light engineering and energy. If airline costs are lowered, ticket prices should remain low. We should also see some MICE movement from Japan to India soon."
by TTG Asia reporters
by Marissa Carruthers
by Pamela Chow
by S Puvaneswary


text:
Bring on 2014!
Happy New Year Wednesdailies
Good morning Mile1! Tuesday: 11 miles 1:36:16 - 8:45 avg. pace - fartlek + mile cool down. Feel like I could use some speed work :> Ended the year on a good note - reached my mileage pledge on the last day of the year [by my count] while enjoying a solid run to close 2013. My wheels were spinning nicely and I feel like I could benefit by adding some strides / reps [200m] to improve my turnover. Wore my Santa hat one last time and was greeted warmly by a group of coeds as I went thru the OSU campus.
We have guests and today will be spent watching football and assembling a model airlplane kit with my son. Food, fun and drink will be the order of the day. Haven't decided if I'll begin my self-imposed running break now or in a few weeks. We'll see, but today I'll likely rest. Run inspired!
Good morning masters
Happy New Year !!
10.2 miles to begin the new year and a new day. Another unexpectedly great morning to be out there. Even though it was cold again there was very little wind to contend with. Five layers, a sweat shirt, and a wind-breaker made life good.
In the furthest-most four miles the traction was not that great. Probably just as well that I had to back-down a bit in terms of effort because there was no way I wanted to break-down in that remote area....especially at 3:30 AM. The flashlight was on all the time for the chance of ice....and there was some to my surprise.
I had a great sky to entertain me and that included a meteor.
1:42:30 (10:02)
Thoroughly enjoyed
Have a great day friends....work hard
Happy New Year Masters!!!
Wishing all of you a Happy & Healthy New Year with plenty of running miles mixed in and a dash of biking and swimming.
A windy, cold, snowy, and slow 4.3 miles this morning. Thought of NB4 every step of the way, not sure how he does this every morning before the sun comes up.
NB4 - wish I could of joined you for the 10.2 this morning - well done. Careful on the icy roads in the morning.
Miles1 - thanks for starting us off. Did you get out this morning?
Moth - enjoy the time with the family.
tww - another great year for you - well done.
Rick - a shout out to you and hope your having a good day. My New year resolution is to be more consistent on the Master's Forum. Any races on the horizon or just putting in the exercise hours?
BOSNPM - hope DW is feeling better - what is on tap today?
Opus - How is the knee?
TC - send some of the warm weather up north.
dfbourg - start the new year with some miles with some friends?
Liney - staying warm and dry?
Be Well…..
Happy New Year gang
Determined to start it out with a run... 6.5 on a pretty nice day. Low 30's with some wind but not bad. We are supposed to get some weather tonight, we shall see. It has been hard getting here to post but haven't had much to post in the way of running. I am hoping to get more xt into the schedule when things get back to normal. My body is telling me I need to do this. I really took xt off the schedule in 2013 but not intentionally, it was just hard to figure it in and still keep running the same, which wasn't too successful with that either. But that's ok, things happen and you have to be flexible.
Hoping for a great year for everyone, lots of love and laughter and pain free running.
george: great to see you are still at it. We have dry roads down here for now so none of that slip sliding around like you have. Nice going!
nb4: I forget how early you get out there each morning, but has it always been that early? I will always enjoy your running descriptions. Keep 'em coming. So when I am starting out at the 5am time you are done and wondering when everyone is going to wake up.
moth: enjoy the time today with your family and model airplane assembling. It goes so fast.
hi mile1, what's on tap for you today?
Hi to all coming up!
Happy News Years Everyone.
Its going to be a RD for me - its single digits (again). Well, its official --------- I'm registered for the 2014 Detroit Free Press/Talmar Bank International Half Marathon on October 19th.
Mile - Thanks for starting us out.
Moth - Enjoy your RD
NB4 - 3:30am??? You're an early bird. How do you get motivated to run that early???? Whats your secret?
George - Sounds like our weather here in Michigan, good 4.3 despite the weather
Liney - Nice weather to run - 6.5
Have a great day Masters
Mile1: Thanks for firing up the new year!
Moth: Congrats on meeting your mile goal!
NB4: Running at 3:30 AM? I guess there are worse ways to start the new year.
George21: Nice 4!
Liney: Low 30s? HEAT WAVE!! Nice 6.5
LabMom: 9 months to get ready for that half. You'll crush it!
Me: Logged a mostly easy 4.8. Along the way I sprinkled in a few short sprints and a short hard push up two steep sections of hill. I'm already 4.8 miles ahead of this point last year
Happy New Year Masters! This isn't a complaint but just to fill you in on what's going on with me. I didn't run yesterday because my sore throat had gotten pretty severe, I had barely made it to the car to go to work and a stomach flu hit me. It was also severe and I had to call Hubby home from work after blacking out 3 times. I was crawling from the bathroom back to the bed. Haven't been much better today. Not a great way to start the new year but you take what you get right?
The good news the registration opened for the 2014 National Guard Marathon Lincoln Ne at 12:01 am. At 2:15 I finally got in! 2010 they capped it at 8000, last year they capped it at 10,000 and I didn't get in. Bummer! This year they capped it at 12,500 and filled up in less than 12 hours. I'm in! Now the work as soon as I can get back on my feet.
2014 blessings to All, Spunky
Nice early am run, NB4. You were running about 60 minutes after I went to bed. It was a beautiful sky, if cold.
Hi George, glad you could start the new year with an early run. I hope you continue to regain your running health. I am thinking about a marathon in mid-May, but will wait to commit I see how busy I am this Spring.
Hi Liney, you also started the new year with a run! I think a little x-training is always good. I love running, but it does not work all the muscle groups.
LabMom, congrats on your half marathon entry for October. Have you run a half before? enjoy your RD.
Snail... Nice 4.8 ...good idea throwing in the occasional sprints... keeps the fast twitch muscles active.
The New Year started slow for me due to a late night last night. We remain in a winter wonderland with lots of fresh snow and still ice on the trees. I got out for a 3.5 hour ski, that was just lovely. temps were cold (10-15) but sky was brilliant. More snow coming tomorrow... too bad I have to work.
Hi Spunky, congrats on getting in to the marathon! When does it take place? Have you run a marathon before? Get well soon.
Spunky -Hoping for a speedy recovery and that it goes as quickly as it came on.
Snail - Thanks
Rct - Not a 1/2. Back in the 80's I ran about 3 marathons and some 10 milers. I will be doing a hilly 10 miler in August, so this will be good.
Happy New Year Masters! This isn't a complaint but just to fill you in on what's going on with me. I didn't run yesterday because my sore throat had gotten pretty severe, I had barely made it to the car to go to work and a stomach flu hit me. It was also severe and I had to call Hubby home from work after blacking out 3 times. I was crawling from the bathroom back to the bed. Haven't been much better today. Not a great way to start the new year but you take what you get right?
The good news the registration opened for the 2014 National Guard Marathon Lincoln Ne at 12:01 am. At 2:15 I finally got in! 2010 they capped it at 8000, last year they capped it at 10,000 and I didn't get in. Bummer! This year they capped it at 12,500 and filled up in less than 12 hours. I'm in! Now the work as soon as I can get back on my feet.
2014 blessings to All, Spunky
Let me get this straight. You were so sick that you were passing out but you still managed to sign up for a marathon at 2:15 AM.
I think that's pretty hard core.
4 very easy followed by a dolphin dip in the ocean 53 cold! Took a while to warm up, could not get my wife to put her cast in a bag and get in with me!
FF: Wish I would have been in town I would have met you for your run!
Mile 1: Thanks for the start, and thank you!
Snail: Nice 4.8's
RCL: Nice 3.5 on ski's long way! Thank you
Moth A: Nice 11, amentia is men needs a doctor visit!
George: Nice 3.1 and 4.3! Thank you
TWW: A model of consistency!
NB: Nice 10.2 early, big snow on the way?
Liney: Nice 6.5
Nancy: Hi
Spunky: Hope you are feeling better!
EIB, Opus, DAW: Hope all is well!
Good for you for intervening with the druggie at the emergency room. I would've expected nothing less from you (salute)
So sorry to read about your wife. Hope all mends quickly for her.
Two day snow for us beginning tomorrow morning. It should be of the 8 to 12 inch variety before it ends but since it's going to be so cold and windy it could turn things into a mess. I may just call in sick to work :-)
You are absolutely a nut !! I would think you'd have more brains than a dolphin :-) I would have a heart attack if I did that.
Rick (Maine):
Sorry to read about your walking/hiking partner. I hope she mends quickly. From what you've posted through the years she sounds like a "trooper" so hopefully she'll overcome this quickly.
Nice going on 3 1/2 hours of skiing. Good workout and lots of great Maine fresh air.
Batten down the hatches !!
So sorry to read that you don't feel well. Coming from you I would never take that as a complaint. As Sergeant Joe Friday used to say on Dragnet..."Just the facts Mam"
Good going on the 26.2 sign-up (salute)
Snail, Liney, Lab:
My run actually begins at just past 2:30 AM and not 3:30 AM. By the time I was behind the distant reservoir it was 3:30 AM
Nice work this morning on your 6.5 (salute)
How do I do it each day ??
The answer is .....I used to ask myself how I did it each day when I was smoking well over three packs of Marlboro a day. When given a second chance one should indeed be thankful and not squander it.
Good start for you (salute)
I am so happy to see you posting again.
Hopefully this year will see you happy with your running and also see a year that brings good health to you (and yours) along with that running.
I got in 4 miles on the TM before it over heated, then while still warm, I dressed up and finished 3 more miles outside for a total of 7 running. 24F and a blowing wind, but this time I was prepared with a face mask and wind breaker hoodie.
George - we didn't have as much snow down here as you did By Schaumburg. Only a couple inches, but blowing drifts kept the roads covered. Snowing again now, and think this time we are all getting another 6 inches. I'm flying out tomorrow, and I'm already hearing of delays. Hope this won't be a wasted trip because of the weather, we'll see. Hey, do you work for Walgreens? "Be Well" is the company slogan, that's why I ask.
BOSNPM - 53 deg water is really cold. That's like Navy Seal bath water though, so good job aclimating.
RcI - skiing sounds like fun! i feel you pain about going back to work.
Spunky - I agree with Snail, that's hard core determination gettting yourself registered for NGM. Rest up!
Snail - Ha! 4.8 miles to the positive. Sounds like you surpassed goal by 200% already! Nice work.
Labmom - Wooooohooooo! Registerd for the Detroit Free Press HM! Everyone seems to like the Hanson Brothers plan, and I believe they have a run shop in the Detroit area. Not that is what you want to do or not, but it's a parallel thought that came to mind incase you were thinking about HM plans. The important thing is you signed up! Great job, I'm excited For you.
Liney - wishing you the best. it's hard sometimes to fit running and/or cross training into a daily schedule. That's going to be my biggest challenge in 2014, so let's keep each other motivated!
NB4 - good job with the adventurous 10.4 Deep in the early morning frost. you have me interested in a midnight run now.
Moth - I vote for a break now because it will be harder to step back closer to race season.
hope all is well with everyone else. Happy New Year!
Better late than never I guess. Another TM 6 today and most likely again tomorrow. I would rather be outside but with my Fit For Duty physical in 5 days the last thing I need is to twist, sprain, or break something trying to run on ice/snow.
BOSN: Speaking of which I'm sorry to hear about DW. Hopefully her recovery is quick. NB4 thinks you should be smarter than a donphin but I think you are part dolphin.
Falcon: Hope the inventory is going well. I went to high school in Hickory.
NB4: Steady as always with both the miles and giving others the benefit of your experience.
LabMom: Congrats on the half! I'll enjoy following your training.
George: HNY to you too. If I end up returning to the States I plan to take advantage of the indoor pool on base to work on my swimming. I also have a nice Trek that collected more dust than miles last year. Wouldn't mind fixing that too.
Spunky: Congrats on getting in...now BACK TO BED! WOW.
RCL: Got a chuckle out of the comparison of you and NB4.
Mile1: Maybe a new TM for you in 2014? GL with your trip.
Snail: So 2014 is already better than 2013.
Guess I need to get back to work. I hope to have more time tomorrow.
Take care and Happy New Year everybody.
Happy New Year all! I started it off on a whim doing the Great Lengths Resolution Run today. It wasn't scheduled to start until 1, and didn't in fact get off until a bit late, but it was a casual (manually timed) little run that the running club organizes. Today dawned sunny if cold, here, and I layered up a little, and drove over there. It was a lot of fun. The course runs around a lake, so there was a bit of cold breeze off of the water at a couple points but mostly in spite of the tree cover, it felt very comfortable. I took along a change of top, after reading a suggestion from someone on these forums, so I even felt pretty comfy for the after-race nosh. There was no charge for this, since the club uses it to promote their beginning running and general membership. I need to renew my membership for the year.
So far here it's been just about a perfect start to 2014. We may get a bit of cold rain later this week, I hear, so it was extra nice to get outdoors, at least for one of the week's runs.
Happy New Year everyone. Wishing you all a wonderful year filled with happiness and, well, isn't that what's most important. Happiness includes it all - family, friends, health and, of course, running. Started the year off with a mid-day, easy 5 miler with dd. Then dragged dw and Riley for a walk....OK, Riley really didn't argue with me. : -) Plan is 7 tomorrow and maybe rest on Friday, depending on how the leg feels (wasn't good today). Also expecting snow tomorrow night and Friday with frigid temps.
Mile - thanks for starting our new year off. Smart move getting warmed up on the TM before going outside.
Moth - congrats on meeting your yearly goal. That takes discipline. Hope you enjoyed the rest and your guests.
NB4 - excellent start to the new year with 10.2. Don't know about being in a remote area at 3:30 AM. Kind of scary. Too many movies with that scenario. : -)
George - nice 4.3 in "the weather". Happy New Year to you.
Hi Liney. Nice 6.5. I agree with the XT. I think my body is finally putting it's foot down and telling me I need to add it.
Labmom - congrats on signing up. That is very exciting. A great distance to race. Hope you enjoyed the rest day.
Snail - ha, ha. Great 4.8 with hills.
Spunky - Sorry to hear you are sick and passing out is scary. But, seriously, you got up at midnight, crawled to the computer and signed up at 2:15AM??? Me thinks you deserve a new pair of running shoes for that.
RCl - excellent ski workout. Looks like you continue to get hit with one storm after another. Wishing you well.
BOS - Nice 4 with a dip. Never heard the expression "dolphin dip". Sorry to hear about your dw. Wishing her a speedy recovery.
Simmons - smart move playing it safe. A few days on the mill won't do any harm, unless you go crazy.
linda - welcome to the Masters. Your run today sounds like a great way to start off the new year.
Happy New Year Pudov, gship, Opus, Marsh, Kona, EIB, DAW and anyone else I am missing.
Happy New Years Masters! I brought in the new year with a 2 hour 45 minute trail run in shorts. I hadn't been on the trails since about mid-November. It was great to be back in the woods.
Happy New Year Masters!!
Still on the DL (some self-imposed time off in order to give my right calf more time to get back to normal). I'll possibly do a run after getting the recycling taken out on Friday morning or wait and try some TM miles over at KS on Saturday.
Wishing all the Masters and their families a happy & healthy (good running of course) 2014!


text:
What's New in this Release?
We are pleased to announce the new release of Aspose.Slides for .NET 4.4.0, which includes a pivotal and long awaited feature support for converting PPT to PPTX presentation. The ground breaking feature support for creating and updating charts has also been provided in this new release. Other new important features like pattern images extraction and accessing the auto shapes properties are also included in this new release. This release includes plenty of new and improved features as listed below
• Improved Tint and Shade color operation
Other most recent bug fixes are also included in this release
Newly added documentation pages and articles
Some new tips and articles have now been added into Aspose.Slides for .NET documentation that may guide you briefly how to use Aspose.Slides for performing different tasks like the followings.
- PPT to PPTX conversion: http://www.aspose.com/documentation/.net-components/aspose.slides-for-.net/ppt-to-pptx-conversion.html
- Creating a Chart from Scratch: http://www.aspose.com/documentation/.net-components/aspose.slides-for-.net/creating-a-chart-from-scratch.html
Overview: Aspose.Slides for .NET
Aspose.Slides is a .NET component to read, write and modify a PowerPoint document without using MS PowerPoint. PowerPoint versions from 97-2007 and all three PowerPoint formats: PPT, POT, PPS are also supported. Now you can create, access, copy, clone, edit and delete slides in your presentations. Other features include PPT/PPTX printing, PPT to XPS format, saving PowerPoint slides into PDF, adding & modifying audio & video frames, using shapes like rectangles or ellipses and saving presentations in SVG format, streams or images.
More about Aspose.Slides for .NET
- Homepage of Aspose.Slides for .NET: http://www.aspose.com/categories/.net-components/aspose.slides-for-.net/default.aspx
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Thursday, June 14, 2012
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June 16, 2012 at 11:34 PM
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The Coryell County Republican Party is planning a fish fry fundraiser at 5:30 p.m. Aug. 24 at the Civic Center in Gatesville.
Congressman Roger Williams is the keynote speaker.
Following dinner, office holders and candidates will be invited to speak. Confirmed to attend are Tom Pauken, a candidate for governor; U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz's regional director, Lela Pittenger; Todd Staples, agriculture secretary; Justice Rex Davis, 10th Court of Appeals; and Eric Opiela, a candidate for secretary of agriculture.
Reservations are required. Tickets paid in advance are $35 and $40 at the door. Reservations must be received by Aug. 20. Reservations can be made with Ed Thompson, 703 Cedar Drive, Copperas Cove or email email@example.com.
J&M Catering of Gatesville will prepare the meal. For more information, call Ed Thompson at (254) 547-4881 or (254) 290-1550.


text:
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Did you save the cord blood?
A new and popular method now. Saving the umbilical cord blood, banking it, freezing it should you need to regenerate tissue in the future. I personally did not save my cord...
Started by Sapphire on 07/09/2009 in Hot Topics
Last update on 07/10/2009 by Traci


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2014 NHRA: John Force Gets 140th Funny Car Win And First In Norwalk
Posted by: newsla on Jul 07, 2014 - 07:05 AM
2014 NHRA: John Force Gets 140th Funny Car Win And First In Norwalk
It took eight tries but Funny car legend John Force added another race track and NHRA national to his winning collection. Force raced to victory at the 8th annual Summit Racing Equipment NHRA Nationals securing his unprecedented 140th Funny Car win and moving into the No. 2 position on the Mello Yello Funny Car point standings.
"This win today was special to me. I had come to Norwalk decades ago for their Night of Fire events and match races but never won the NHRA event here, and I want to win every race. I came close a few times racing against Ashley and Courtney but I never won the big one at this place. I just couldn't get a NHRA national event win here and I won them all with the exception of Epping so I really wanted this win," said John Force.
Going into race day, John Forces Castrol GTX High Mileage Mustang had qualified second with a thundering 4.016 second run at 322.04 that set the track speed record at Summit Motorsports Park. Crew chief Jimmy Prock and the rest of the team knew just how far they could push the track conditions without blowing away the massive Goodyear slicks under Force's Mustang.
"That Jimmy Prock, I gotta give it to him. He works with the whole brain trust and calls were being made today and they were being made right. Jimmy always swings for the fences and we started out the season killing 'em and setting national records. Then all of a sudden, our choke got stuck and had five straight first round losses but Jimmy made some changes and good calls today and now we're back on track," said John Force.
In the opening round, John was lined up with fellow Mustang Funny driver Tim Wilkerson. Even though John ran faster in qualifying and had lane choice, he knew Wilkerson is a tough competitor. John's Castrol GTX High Mileage Mustang left first and never looked back as it rocketed down the track with a 4.080 second run at 317.72 mph.
John Force then headed into the quarter-finals where he would face Chad Head. Head would have lane choice over Force but crew chief Jimmy Prock knew how much they could push the track conditions and not over power the surface with the 8000-horsepower BOSS 500 engine.
At the first hint of green from the Christmas tree, John's Mustang blasted off the line and led all the way to the finish line. The scoreboards lit up with a 4.217 second run at 279.21 mph. Not the best run during eliminations, but enough to get Force to the semi-finals.
"He's a great kid (Chad Head) but we knew he'd be gunning for us and he wasn't going to back down. He wants to run fast so we let him give it to us. I we try to run the way we think in the heat, we'll be dead. Head smoked the tires down track but so did I but we got the win," said John Force.
The semi-finals would be an epic matchup between John Force and his arch rival Cruz Pedregon. These two diehard drivers have had the most head-to-matches in NHRA history, 93 to be exact. John knew Pedregon would be tough; therefore, he wasn't going to leave anything on the table that would open the door for Pedregon to get around his Castrol GTX High Mileage Mustang.
Both drivers left the starting line with John Force having a slight starting advantage. The two Funny Cars motored down the track, side-by-side with headers flames shooting up over eight feet in the air.
When they crossed the finish line, it could have been anyone's race but the scoreboard said it all as John ran a 4.149 second run to Pedregon's 4.150 pass. This was Force's closest run during eliminations and he expected nothing less from a competitor he has the highest respect for.
"We gave it all we had against Cruz because he is going to go for it and he has enough runs down tricky race tracks so he can get away with it. Cruz knows the drill in being a competitive racer and that's why you know he's giving you everything he's got," said John Force.
In the final round, John would go up against Ron Capps. Another formidable competitor, John knew he'd be tough as these two have battled it out a total of 73 times with 16 of those matchups in final rounds. Despite John's 9-7 record against Capps, he wasn't going back down one bit and be denied a long awaited victory at today's race.
Both cars left the starting line with nearly identical reaction times but by mid-track, the John's Castrol GTX High Mileage Mustang was beginning to pull away. As the smoked cleared the win light in John's lane illuminated and the scoreboards told the rest of the story, 4.113 second pass to Capp's 4.135 performance.
"Good day and great weekend for John Force Racing but luck is a big part of this game. I'm just glad I could share it with the fans and my family. When your heart's right, you drive your best. If you go out there and get all jacked up with pressure and it takes over, the body doesn't respond and then you're junk. But when you're happy and the heart's right, the mind does everything right," said John Force.
While the team owner was racing to victory the rest of JFR was battling tough competition and seeing positive results. Brittany Force drove her Castrol EDGE Dragster to a quarter-final finish. In a classis rematch from last week, Brittany lost a close one to reigning Top Fuel Mello Yello champion Shawn Langdon as both cars fought it out on the tricky track surface. Even though this 27 year old is in her sophomore year driving a 10,000 horsepower Top Fuel car, Brittany's primed for a trip to the winner's circle.
"We came out today swinging and ran some great numbers. Even though I would've liked to have gone to the finals again, I couldn't be more proud of my guys and how this Castrol EDGE Dragster has run throughout this weekend," said Brittany Force.
In the opening round, Brittany Force was paired against Spencer Massey. She knew he would be a tough opponent as these two have faced each other in competition eight times in the past with Brittany only winning three of those matches. She was looking to even the score but with lane choice going to Massey, both her and the Castrol EDGE crew had their work cut out for them. With her and Massey being the last pair of dragsters to run, Brittany's crew made some final adjustments in the staging lanes and it paid off.
Both dragsters fired off the starting line like guided missiles with a slight reaction advantage going to Massey. However, Brittany's machine got out on Massey and charged right down the groove for the win. The Castrol EDGE Dragster lit up the scoreboards with a 3.753 second pass at a career best 329.83 mph that was also the top speed for round one and a career fastest speed.
"I'm very excited on how we ran this weekend as the Castrol EDGE Dragster is running pretty consistent and to come out in the first round and outrun all of our qualifying passes with that 3.75 second run at 329.83 mph is awesome and I was very pumped and excited. That's that Castrol EDGE team, putting together a fast race. My crew chiefs Todd Smith, Dean Antonelli and the guys have really worked hard and we needed that to get past the first round and trust me, the first round is always the toughest," said Brittany Force.
Now armed with lane choice going into the quarter-finals, Brittany would face the number one qualifier, Shawn Langdon. Ironically, Brittany had raced him in the quarter-finals a week earlier at the Route 66 Nationals. She knew Langdon would want to avenge his loss from last Sunday.
With track conditions changing due to the rising temperature, crew chief Todd Smith didn't deviate from his game plan and put the Castrol EDGE Dragster back in the left lane. Brittany's dragster catapulted off the line and she was neck-to-neck with Langdon. It was around the 700-foot mark on the track that the 10,000 horsepower Castrol EDGE Dragster began to lose traction and Langdon was able to drive away from Brittany for the win.
"I could feel my car starting to haze the tires and I could see Langdon right out my window and right next to me so I knew there was no time to pedal it. I just kept my foot in the throttle and even if it smoked the tires all the way to the finish line with the engine blowing up, I didn't care, I was trying to get that win," said Brittany Force.
The 2013 NHRA Auto Club Rookie of the Year will leave the Summit Racing Equipment NHRA Nationals still in seventh place with 690 points. Brittany Force and the Castrol EDGE team will have next weekend off before heading to the NHRA Mile-High Nationals in Denver to begin the Western Swing.
Courtney Force got her Traxxas Ford Mustang qualified in the No. 12 spot this weekend with a 4.106 ET at a huge speed of 321.42 mph and went up against Ron Capps in the opening round on Sunday. Force's hotrod pulled the tires loose and went 4.439 ET at 209.95 mph to Capps' 4.104 ET at 315.19 mph.
"We had a rough weekend here in Norwalk. It's been a great four-week stretch with back-to-back races for my Traxxas team. I think we definitely got a good kick-start up in the points. We struggled a little bit this weekend, but I think we've got a good car for this championship hunt and I'm excited," said Force.
Force will stay No. 6 in the NHRA Funny Car point standings after the four-race-swing. This is the fifth straight race that Force has kept a hold on the No. 6 spot in points.
"We fell back a little bit during the race this weekend, but we didn't fall back in points and that's the most important thing. As long as we can stay up there in the top 10 to lock into that championship chase, that's all that matters. It's a little bit of a bummer this weekend, but we'll keep our heads held high. We're going into the Western Swing in a couple weeks and hopefully make some big improvements," said Force.
It was a tough weekend for the Mello Yello Funny Car points leader Robert Hight. As the No. 6 qualifier it would stand to reason that the No. 12 qualifier might be a lesser opponent. Not so in the modern era of Funny Car as Hight faced Cruz Pedregon, a two-time Funny Car world champion and winner of the Toyota Summernationals, in the first round. The Auto Club Ford Mustang was charging away for victory when it lost two cylinders on the left side drastically forcing the Funny Car to the right. The headers scuffed the retaining guardwall just before the finish line giving Hight an immediate DQ for the race.
"I lifted as soon as I felt a problem and I was just trying to keep it in the groove. We just barely grazed the guardwall and bent the headers a little bit. I will tell you what Mike Neff has this Auto Club Mustang flying and it was charging on that run. We were out in front and pulling away. I am proud of my guys for qualifying No. 6 and we got a tough draw in the first round," said Hight, a four-time winner in 2014. "There are no easy round wins. I am glad we still have the Mello Yello points lead heading into an off weekend. My guys earned some time off but I know most of them will probably be in the shop most of the week. We will be ready for the Western Swing and I think we can do some damage at those three races."
PaddockTalk Perspective
Also in NHRA:
2014 NHRA: Arana Gets Redemption In Norwalk Eliminations
2014 NHRA: Morgan Makes Some More Headway In His Home-State Race
2014 NHRA: Enders-Stevens Caps Dominant Weekend With Norwalk Victory
2014 NHRA: Best Pass Of The Weekend Not Enough For Geico/Lucas Oil's Crampton
2014 NHRA: Mopar Motorsports - NHRA Norwalk Race Report
2014 NHRA: Coughlin's JEGS.com/Mopar Dodge Stumbles In Norwalk's Second Round
2014 NHRA: Momentum For Arana Sr Continues Through Norwalk
2014 NHRA: Troy Coughlin's Pro Mod Win Gives Family A Double-Up In Norwalk
2014 NHRA: Mike Coughlin Dials Up National Event Win In Home State
2014 NHRA: Goodyear, NHRA Sportsmen at Norwalk
2014 NHRA: Goodyear, NHRA at Norwalk
2014 NHRA: Win The Ultimate VIP Indy Experience, Courtesy Of Alexis Dejoria Racing
2014 NHRA: The Xo Cafe Team Ends Four Race Stretch In The Top Half Of The NHRA Points Ranking
2014 NHRA: No Worries For Arana Jr After Early Exit In Norwalk
Nemeth, Delehay Highlight Pro Winners At IHRA Mopar Rocky Mountain Nationals
2014 NHRA: Toni McCray takes two wins in Lucas Oil Late Model Twins at Irwindale
2014 NHRA: Morgan Comes Through In The Clutch At Home-State Race
2014 NHRA: Troy Coughlin's Holeshot Win Gives Coughlin Family Three Chances At A Wally In Norwalk
2014 NHRA:Litton, Boychuk Lead Qualifying At IHRA Mopar Rocky Mountain Nationals
2014 NHRA: Racing Hiatus Proves Beneficial For Brogdon In Norwalk
Related links
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2013 NHRA: NHRA Newsmakers: January 10, 2013
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Home > Community > Health Library > Atopic Allergy (Atopy)
Atopy (say "AT-uh-pee") is a predisposition to have allergic
reactions. People who have this predisposition are called atopic (say "ay-TOP-ick").
Atopic people often
have at least one allergic condition, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (hay
fever), atopic dermatitis, hives or angioedema, or food allergies. The tendency
to develop these kinds of allergies runs in families.
Current as of:
February 12, 2016
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine & Rohit K Katial, MD - Allergy and Immunology
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The House is expected to release its bonding bill proposal this morning. Both the House and Senate hope to hold floor votes on the different bonding bill proposals by the end of the week.
Pawlenty show no sign of frustration from a bad week during a Friday stop in Olivia.
It could be a couple of years before Minnesotans notice a difference from the money coming from the transportation bill.
DFL Rep. Jim Oberstar says the transpo bill will yield federal money and blasts Pawlenty for not signing the bill.
It will also give more money to counties.
The acting Transpo Commissioner is unsure of a longer appointment.
Pawlenty names a new commission to overhaul tax code.
A House panel disregards MDH's recommendation on a psych hospital.
Forum Communications says Rep. Urdahl is unhappy with the leadership changes.
The Duluth News Tribune says the Lake Vermilion state park plan is clinging to life.
U.S. Steel has set a March 15th deadline to get a deal done.
Proposed biosciences buildings funding for the U of M hits a snag.
Forum Communications says the birthday bash may lack cash.
Regional businesses are calling for more foreign workers.
Employers are also worried about a requirement to check backgrounds of workers.
The Pi Press says some lawmakers want a voice in curbing greenhouse gases.
Smoking ban supporters don't want the show to go on. Some bars have found a loophole in the law that allows actors to smoke. Every customer is apparently an actor.
Here's what the Minnesota Department of Health has done about the change:
But the performances also have caught the attention of authorities charged with enforcing the ban. Doug Schultz, a state Department of Health spokesman, said the agency is monitoring the situation but has yet to receive a formal opinion from Attorney General Lori Swanson on whether the performances are legal. There have been no formal complaints, he added.
The Pi Press also says most adults at schools may also get added scrutiny.
AP says a proposed coal fired power plant in South Dakota faces Minnesota scrutiny.
Sen. Olson introduces a dock measure in the Senate.
A lawmaker is pushing for pesticide notification.
MinnPost says stem cells may be the next big battle in the Legislature.
Gov. Pawlenty will be in Rochester on Thursday.
The House sets a Wednesday vote on the Mental Health Parity Bill. GOP Rep. Jim Ramstad is mentioned.
GOP Sen. Norm Coleman questions plans to reduce the number of auditors and investigators at its development agency in Baghdad.
A National Park gun ban may be eased. Coleman complained about the ban.
The Star Tribune wonders whether the No Child Left Behind Law will be renewed in current form. GOP Rep. John Kline and DFL Rep. Betty McCollum are mentioned.
GOP Rep. Michele Bachmann is mentioned in this story on the Cottonwood crash and immigration.
DFL Rep. Collin Peterson says he's optimistic the Farm Bill is signed into law in April.
WCCO says Oberstar still opposes a possible NWA merger.
Oberstar is also mentioned in this AP story on the Delta Queen.
The Star Tribune says big spenders are going after issues not candidates.
2008 U.S. Senate Race
MPR says Norm Coleman's campaign is ramping up for the competitive contest.
Minnesota's 7th District held DFL and GOP conventions.
2008 Race for President
It appears that Gov. Pawlenty went to Sedona over the weekend to visit with John McCain.
Pawlenty for VP Watch
Reuters says McCain has a tough choice.
The Salt Lake Tribune wonders whether the Utah Governor's dogged devotion could lead to a VP slot. Pawlenty is mentioned.
The New York Times brings up Pawlenty in this story.
2008 Race for Congress
Democrat John Powers drops his bid for Congress in Minnesota's 2nd Congressional District.
The Uptake has a roundup of last week's DFL debate in the 3rd Congressional District.
The Political Animal writes on whether DFL House Speaker Margaret Kelliher is thinking about running for Governor.
Would the GOP nominee's convention speech conflict with the NFL opener?


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Lovelyn is a sweet 7 inch bear that comes with a matching polka dot sheer ribbon and holds out a heart Choose from white or pink bear. .
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9 El Aziz Osman - Zamalek
Tesis Konumu
MAY FAIR HOTEL is across the street from the French commercial consulat. We are surrounded by many foreign embassies, such as the embassies of Holland, Germany, Poland, and Panama, and close to the Canadian Ambassador's house.uly. At this corner is the Gezira Language School. We are located 50 metres down this street, opposite the French Commercial Consulat.
Distances To:
Midan Tahrir - 2 km
Midan Ramses - 2.5 km
Distances To:
Midan Tahrir - 2 km
Midan Ramses - 2.5 km
Hostelworld Mobil Uygulamaları
Yeni Hostelworld mobil uygulamalarıyla hareket halindeyken rezervasyon yapın.


text:
The Impact of Crisis Sales Promotions on Branded and Unbranded Toys
This paper presents the research findings of a toys brands sales promotions study conducted in Q4 (4th quarter) of years 2007 and 2009 (preand mid- crisis). The primary research objectives were to determine the impact of economic crisis determinants (such as lowered purchasing power, increased unemployment rates, changed purchasing behavior of consumers) on new years' toy sales, in particular the impact on known brands' sales vs. sales of unbranded products. Eight known toys brands promotions sales have been compared to eight unbranded competitive products in different toys subcategories for the two Q4 of year 2007 and 2009. Findings show that although the mean purchase amount had considerably diminished in year 2009, major brands sales were not affected at all.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
Volume (Year): 9 (2011)
Issue (Month): 2 ()
Pages: 185-189
|Contact details of provider:
| Postal: Cankarjeva 5, SI-6104 Koper, PO BOX 345
Phone: 05 610 20 00
Fax: 05 610 20 15
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Prophylaxis of Psychiatric Symptoms During Anti-HCV Treatment
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- How to Read a Study Record
The treatment of chronic hepatitis C with peginterferon and ribavirin is highly effective but is hampered by peginterferon-induced psychopathology.
Prevention of peginterferon-induced psychopathology with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) (paroxetine) has been shown to be effective in patients treated with interferon for malignant disease. The aim is to study the effects of prophylactic treatment with escitalopram (another SSRI) on peginterferon-associated psychopathology in patients treated with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C.
|Hepatitis C
|Drug: Escitalopram Other: Placebo
|Phase 2 Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary Purpose: Prevention
|Official Title:
|Prophylactic Treatment of Peginterferon-associated Psychopathology. A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial on the Effects of Escitalopram (Lexapro®) in Patients Treated With Peginterferon and Ribavirin (POPS Study)
- Occurrence of peginterferon-induced psychiatric disturbance
- Occurrence of major depression
|Estimated Enrollment:
|Study Start Date:
|August 2005
|Study Completion Date:
|December 2009
|Primary Completion Date:
|June 2008 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
|Active Comparator: 1
Drug: Escitalopram
OD 5mg for 2 weeks; OD 10mg for 24 weeks; OD 5mg for 2 weeks
Other Name: Lexapro
|Placebo Comparator: 2
|Other: Placebo
Detailed Description:
The treatment of chronic hepatitis C with peginterferon and ribavirin is highly effective but is hampered by peginterferon-induced psychopathology.
Prevention of peginterferon-induced psychopathology with SSRI's (paroxetine) has been shown to be effective in patients treated with interferon for malignant disease. The aim is to study the effects of prophylactic treatment with escitalopram on peginterferon-associated psychopathology in patients treated with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C.
Design: double blind, randomized controlled trial with two arms, maximum 40 patients per arm. Patients, starting with peginterferon and ribavirin, will be randomized to receive escitalopram therapy 10 mg per day (however, 5 mg in the first two weeks) or placebo.
Study population and selection: eighty patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys 180 microgram) and ribavirin (Copegus 400 mg twice daily) will be included in the study.
Aims of the study:
- to asses whether prophylactic treatment with escitalopram avoids significantly the occurrence of peginterferon-induced psychiatric disturbance; defined as an increase of two points on observer-based rating scales reflecting anxiety (BAS:BriefAnxietyScale), loss of concentration, depression and loss of impulse control (Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale: MADRS), and
- to assess the frequency of major depression according to DSM IV criteria, in the escitalopram and placebo-treated patients.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 70 Years (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male and female patients between 18-70 years of age
- Evidence of chronic hepatitis C by detectable serum HCV-DNA
- Hepatitis C genotype 1,2,3 or 4
- Indication for antiviral therapy of hepatitis C according to current clinical guidelines
- Written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
- History or other evidence of severe illness, malignancy or any other condition which would make the patient, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study
- Abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Presence of contra-indications for antiviral therapy
- Concurrent psychiatric axis I diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM IV) criteria, as the presence of a major depressive episode, bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder.
- Concurrent use of psychotropic drugs such as MAO-inhibitors, St John's wort, Lithium and 5 HT-agonists and antiepileptics.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00133276
|Erasmus MC University Hospital
|Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands, 3015GD
|Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1100DD
|Radboud University Hospital
|Nijmegen, Netherlands, 6500 HB
|Principal Investigator:
|Robert J De Knegt, MD
|Erasmus MC University Hospital
|Responsible Party:
|Dr. R.J. de Knegt, Foundation for Liver Research
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00133276 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|August 22, 2005
|Last Updated:
|February 18, 2010
Keywords provided by Foundation for Liver Research:
Hepatitis C
Psychiatric side-effects
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Hepatitis C
Liver Diseases
Digestive System Diseases
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
Virus Diseases
Flaviviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors
Membrane Transport Modulators
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Neurotransmitter Agents
Serotonin Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
Antidepressive Agents
Psychotropic Drugs
Antiparkinson Agents
Anti-Dyskinesia Agents
Autonomic Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents
Muscarinic Antagonists
Cholinergic Antagonists
Cholinergic Agents
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on August 18, 2017


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Contained Places
Miami-Dade County (commonly called Miami, Miami-Dade, Dade County, Dade, Metro-Dade or Greater Miami) is a county located in the southeastern part of the State of Florida and is the southeasternmost county on the U.S. mainland. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 2,496,435, making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States. It is also Florida's third-largest county in terms of land area, with . The county seat is Miami.
Miami-Dade County is included in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The county is home to 35 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas. The northern, central and eastern portions of the county are heavily urbanized with many high rises up the coastline, as well as the location of South Florida's central business district, Downtown Miami. Southern Miami-Dade County includes the Redland and Homestead areas, which make up the agricultural economy of Miami. Agricultural Redland makes up roughly one third of Miami-Dade County's inhabited land area, and is sparsely populated, a stark contrast to the densely populated, urban northern Miami-Dade County. The western portion of the county extends into the Everglades National Park and is populated only by a Miccosukee Tribal village. East of the mainland in Biscayne Bay is also Biscayne National Park and the Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserves.
Native peoples
The earliest evidence of Native American settlement in the Miami region came from about 12,000 years ago. The first inhabitants settled on the banks of the Miami River, with the main villages on the northern banks.
The inhabitants at the time of first European contact were the Tequesta people, who controlled much of southeastern Florida, including what is now Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and the southern part of Palm Beach County. The Tequesta Indians fished, hunted, and gathered the fruit and roots of plants for food, but did not practice any form of agriculture. They buried the small bones of the deceased with the rest of the body, and put the larger bones in a box for the village people to see. The Tequesta are credited with making the Miami Circle.
European explorers and settlers
Juan Ponce de León was the first European to visit the area in 1513 by sailing into Biscayne Bay. His journal records that he reached Chequescha, a varianth of Tequesta, which was Miami's first recorded name. It is unknown whether he came ashore or made contact with the natives. Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and his men made the first recorded landing when they visited the Tequesta settlement in 1566 while looking for Avilés' missing son, shipwrecked a year earlier. Spanish soldiers led by Father Francisco Villarreal built a Jesuit mission at the mouth of the Miami River a year later but it was short-lived. After the Spaniards left, the Tequesta Indians were left to fend themselves from European-introduced diseases like smallpox. By 1711, the Tequesta sent a couple of local chiefs to Havana, Cuba, to ask if they could migrate there. The Cubans sent two ships to help them, but Spanish illnesses struck and most of the Indians died.
The first permanent European settlers arrived in the early 19th century. People came from the Bahamas to South Florida and the Keys to hunt for treasure from the ships that ran aground on the treacherous Great Florida Reef. Some accepted Spanish land offers along the Miami River. At about the same time, the Seminole Indians arrived, along with a group of runaway slaves. The area was affected by the Second Seminole War, during which Major William S. Harney led several raids against the Indians. Most non-Indian residents were soldiers stationed at Fort Dallas. It was the most devastating Indian war in American history, causing almost a total loss of population in the Miami.
After the Second Seminole War ended in 1842, William English, re-established a plantation started by his uncle on the Miami River. He charted the "Village of Miami" on the south bank of the Miami River and sold several plots of land. In 1844, Miami became the county seat, and six years later a census reported that there were ninety-six residents living in the area. The Third Seminole War was not as destructive as the second one. Even so, it slowed down the settlement of southeast Florida. At the end of the war, a few of the soldiers stayed.
Birth of Dade County
Dade County was created on January 18, 1836, under the Territorial Act of the United States. The county was named after Major Francis L. Dade, a soldier killed in 1835 in the Second Seminole War, at what has since been named the Dade Battlefield. At the time of its creation, Dade County included the land that now contains Palm Beach and Broward counties, together with the Florida Keys from Bahia Honda Key north and the land of present day Miami-Dade County. The county seat was originally at Indian Key in the Florida Keys; then in 1844, the County seat was moved to Miami. The Florida Keys from Key Largo to Bahia Honda were returned to Monroe County in 1866. In 1888 the county seat was moved to Juno, near present-day Juno Beach, Florida, returning to Miami in 1899. In 1909, Palm Beach County was formed from the northern portion of what was then Dade County, and then in 1915, Palm Beach County and Dade County contributed nearly equal portions of land to create what is now Broward County. There have been no significant boundary changes to the county since 1915.
The second-costliest natural disaster to occur in the United States was Hurricane Andrew, which hit Miami early Monday morning on August 24, 1992. It struck the southern part of the county from due east, south of Miami and very near Homestead, Kendall, and Cutler Ridge (now the Town of Cutler Bay). Damages numbered over US$25 billion in the county alone, and recovery has taken years in these areas where the destruction was greatest. This was the costliest natural disaster in US history until Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf region in 2005.
Name change
On November 13, 1997, voters changed the name of the county from Dade to Miami-Dade to acknowledge the international name recognition of Miami. Voters were acting pursuant to home rule powers granted to Dade County, including the ability to change the name of the county without the consent of the Florida Legislature. The change in name also addressed a source of public dissatisfaction with the name "Dade" which was chosen to honor of Francis L. Dade, who had been killed in the Dade Massacre in the 1830s. The Dade Massacre did not occur in South Florida, but rather, in the West Central part of the state, in present day Sumter County, Florida, near Bushnell. There is also a Dade City, Florida, which is closer to the site of the massacre.
Population History
Note: Monroe
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