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Group 24 - Tippmann 98 Custom - Gate 3
After taking the Tippmann 98 custom apart, the individual pieces were separated and analyzed in much more depth. Each component was looked at individually which allowed us to determine the materials that were used in the marker, along with the manufacturing processes for each piece. These observations gave a better understanding of how the marker was made and what was involved during the manufacturing.
Cause for Corrective Action
Our group has faced little to no challenges leading up to this point of the project. We have been completing all of our work ahead of schedule which allows us to take our time on the individual parts for the project. It also gives us more time to focus on other classes that we are in.
The one problem that we ran into was our grade on gate 2. We weren't pleased with what we got because we felt that we put in the work necessary work for a decent grade. We found out that we had the correct information but it wasn't clear. As a group we discussed way to improve for the next gate. We came to a conclusion that we are going to make sure each question is answered and elaborate on them so the information is clear.
We have been meeting every Monday at 5 o'clock and discussing what will be completed during that week. Meeting in the beginning of the week has worked best for us we are allowed to use our time management skills to complete the assignment by the end of the week. Doing this gives the editors time to look over the work on the weekend and then our wiki manager can post it online for everyone to look at.
As we are approaching thanksgiving we plan to get as much work done before so we won't have work over the short break or when we get back. In order to achieve this goal we will be starting the next part of the project before the break.
Overall the group has been excelling and hope to continue at this pace. If a problem were to come up in the finishing gates of this project we will stick to our original plan of working it out amongst ourselves. A meeting would be mandatory for all members and we would discuss the problem and steps that need to be taken in order to overcome it. We enjoy the project a lot, so we are going to keep putting in our best effort in order to accomplish our goals.
Component Summary
In Table 1 is a list of all of all of the Tippmann 98 Custom's components, with their part number, function, materials used, manufacturing processes used:
Here is a part diagram for the Tippmann 98 Custom:
Product Analysis
The scale below is used for the complexity scale for each component:
- 1 point-not symmetrical
- .5 point-holes
- 2 points-compound part
- 1 point-hollow/inner cavity
- 1 point-thread
- 2 points-direct involvement with energy flow
- 3 points-valves
- 1 point-each material used
- 1 point-each manufacturing process
The following scale was used for the interaction complexity, which is the relationship with the component interactions within the marker.
- Interaction with another component- 1 point per direct interaction
- Flow of material from one component to another -1 point per flow
- Flow of energy from one component to another - .5 points per flow
The higher the score is the more complex the component is. The above scale has a direct relationship with the component function, form, and manufacturing methods. The more component functions and manufacturing methods involved the more complex the product is going to be. If the component from is not symmetrical and has multiple materials, it entails that the component will have a high score on the complexity scale. If multiple materials are going through the component then the interaction score is going to be high.
Marker Casing:
Component Function
The function of the casing is to act as a strong outer casing in order to protect the inner components of the marker. The marker could not be used without the casing because it is used position and guide each component inside of the marker. The casing helps bring each sub-system in the marker together to complete the action of exporting a paintball. The handle is located towards the back of the casing, this way the user can have a comfortable place to place their hand while in the field of play. The casing is also used as a form of aesthetics because it is the only component that the user can see. This shows how human energy is associated with this piece. It is used to help make the marker look like "gun, brings all of the components together, and it is what the user holds when the marker is in use. The environment that the marker is associated with would be large fields or places of paintball competition.
Component Form
The general shape of the casing is that of a "gun" where the handle is located in the back, handle in the front for another hand to be placed, and then a barrel. This shape is ideal because it allows easier marketing for the marker. Using a gun shape allows a consumer to know the function of the marker at first look. The left side casing is not exactly the same as the right, but they are very similar. The only differences are the aesthetics on the outside and the inner dimensions vary minimally so the inner components can operate. It is three dimensional so the other components can be placed inside of the casings.
The dimensions of the marker are 19.6 inches long, 1 inch wide, 7 inches in height and it weighs 1.2 pounds. The shape of the casing is based on the aesthetics and the assembly of the inner components. In order to keep the size and weight of the marker to a minimum, the casing is designed so that all of the components fit inside the marker and all space is utilized. The handle is located towards the back of the casing, so it can maximize comfort and ease of use. The material used for the casing is an aluminum alloy. The main reason that an aluminum alloy was used was because of its large strength to weight ratio. The lighter the marker is the easier it is to hold and use, but it also has to be able to withstand different forces being applied.
The outside factors of the environment and society have an impact on why aluminum alloy was used for the casing. The environment where the marker is being used is constantly changing so it has to be able to tolerate a lot. If the marker is used outside so it has to be resistant to corrosion from rain, also the marker will be dropped at times so a strong casing is needed to protect the inner components from becoming damaged. If the casing wasn't reliable the marker would break a lot, resulting in unhappy users which could potentially fail the product. Aesthetically, the casing gives the marker a "mean" look to it. The casing is black which helps the marker look "mean" but also so it cannot be easily seen in the field of play. If a bright color was used, you would not be able to hide as easily because marker would stick out. The surface finish is a dull finish to help add to the look but also to make it easier for cleaning.
Manufacturing Methods
The manufacturing process used to make the casings was metal casting. The reason that we think metal casting was used because of the material and complexity of each side of the casing. Metal casting works by pouring a liquid metal into a vacant mold then letting it sit for a while to allow the metal to solidify. The inside of each casing involves many different indentations and cavities, which would be too complex to mill out or use any other different type of manufacturing process. The mold is probably split into two, a top and a bottom, once the material has solidified the top can be lifted off and then the casing be removed. This process is economic and environmental because the mold is continually being re-used. This helps eliminate any waste that could potentially harm the environment. The metal casting process is rather simple, so it can be adapted in different places of manufacturing.
Component Complexity
The complexity of the casing relies mostly on the category of its component form. The casing has many different designs on the inside of the casing in order to hold all of the inner components in place.
- Component Complexity- 6 holes, 1 thread, 1 material, 1 manufacturing process, not symmetrical
- 6+1+1+1+1=10 is the score of the component complexity
- 6+1+1+1+1=10 is the score of the component complexity
- Interaction Complexity-2 material flowing thru, 1 energy flowing
- 2+.5= 2.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
- 2+.5= 2.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
Feed Elbow:
Component Function
The main function of the feed elbow is to guide the paintballs into the housing of the marker. This is the only function that the feed elbow possesses, but it plays a key part in the overall function of the marker. For most markers a hopper(large container for paintballs)is connected to the feed elbow. Without a feed elbow the only way that the marker could be loaded would to be to slide a paintball down the barrel. This shows the importance of the component, because it allows for much faster use when in action. The environment in which the feed elbow functions ranges from temperatures just above freezing to high temperatures on summer days. When the marker is in use it functions when people are running around with the marker, but it won't function if the marker is being held upside down.
Component Form
The general shape of the feed elbow is irregular but is symmetric in the vertical direction. From the top you can see the hole where the ball is guided thru from the hopper, and also a slight bend in the shape. At the base of the elbow are small pins which allow it to be connected to the marker and then eventually latched to the front sight. It is three dimensional so that a ball can be slide thru the hole on top. The hole on top of the elbow measures to 1 inch the height is 2.5 inches and the width is approximately 1.2 inches.
The shape of the elbow is correlated with the purpose of it because it needs to remain simple, so the ball can easily be placed in the correct position, but also not interfere with the function of the marker. The paintballs are fed by gravity so the feed is just there to guide the ball thru it. If the elbow feed was located directly above the marker then the user would not be able to use the sight. This is why the feed has a slight bend in it, so it can be position on the side of the marker and still allowing the balls to fall into the marker. The feed weighs about 1 ounce and that is mainly because it is made out of plastic. The plastic that makes up the elbow is one that is very strong and durable. This is important because the feed is located on the exterior of the marker which makes it exposed to environment around it. When used outside it needs to be able to withstand the weather and any other actions taken in the field of play such as dropping the marker.
Economically, the material used for the feed elbow is plastic which is relatively cheaper than metals. There are not much aesthetics associated with feed elbow because it is there for functionality. The position of the elbow is more important than the actual aesthetics of it. The color is black, the same as the casing, in order to keep one solid color throughout the entire marker. It is important that the finish inside of the elbow feed is smooth so that the paintballs can fall with minimal friction and so they don't break in the process.
Manufacturing Methods
The feed elbow was manufactured by the method of injection molding and then milled. What makes us believe that injection molding was used was not only because most plastic components are usually associated with injection molding but there is a flash line down the middle of the feed. This line shows that a mold was present in the manufacturing process and where it was separated. The use of plastic impacts the manufacturing process. It has an economic impact because plastic is cheaper than metal and injection mold allows us to re-use the plastic that is taken off or not used. Injection molding is preferable because it uses plastic in its entirety and also makes it easier to break down the feed into different molds. We believe that two different molds were used, one for the hole and then the second for the bent part. Once the bent part was molded, it was milled to precision so the feed fits perfectly onto the marker, then the two molds were combined. The environmental impact of injection molding is that it allows you to re-use any extra plastic taken off. This means no toxic waste into the environment.
Component Complexity
The complexity of the feed elbow is basic because it is a simple component that doesn't have many functions.
- Component Complexity-4 holes,1 inner cavity,1 material, compound surface, 2 manufacturing process
- 2+1+1+2+2=8 is the score of the component complexity.
- 2+1+1+2+2=8 is the score of the component complexity.
- Interaction Complexity-1 connection, 1 material flowing (paintball)
- 1+1=2 is the score of the interaction complexity
Expansion Chamber:
Component Function
In order to understand the function of the Expansion chamber, you will need to understand how a paintball marker works. The potential energy source used to fire the marker is CO2, and it is most efficient when it is in its gaseous state. But when in the compressed CO2 tank, it takes the form of a liquid, and needs time to transform states once exiting the tank. This is where the expansion chamber takes effect. The main purpose for the expansion chamber is to increase the time CO2 has to transform into a gas by increasing the distance the gas has to travel to the power tube. The expansion chamber is placed in between the gas line, which connects to the actual CO2 tank, and the vertical adapter, which connects to the power tube. Without the chamber, the gas line would be directly connected to the power tube, so it adds about twice the length the gas has to travel, giving it more time to convert fully to a gas. This really makes the marker more efficient, especially when the weather is colder, which makes the CO2 take longer to change states. Along with increasing the time the CO2 has to convert, the expansion chamber also acts as a front grip for the replacing the stock front grip of the marker. So it is both for functional and aesthetic purposes.
Component Form
The expansion chamber has the look of a normal from grip for a marker. It is approximately 3" long, with a diameter alternately changing from 1.25" to 1.5" 3 times. It also has a threaded piece on the top to be able to screw into the marker that is 0.5" long and 0.75" diameter. The component shows axial symmetry almost throughout the whole part, with the exception of the bottom, which is slightly slanted to add room for the gas line insert.
The alternately changing diameter in the expansion chamber allows for 3 fingers to grip the component rather well. The overall length of it is also specific to allow room for an average hand to hold it comfortably. The added section on the top and bottom are for the functionality of the part, allowing for the input and output of CO2.
The component weighs about a quarter pound, and is made up of some type of metal alloy, perhaps stainless steel, and then coated in a protective black paint. The manufacturer probably decided this material due to the conditions that a paintball marker is exposed to, which varies from sunshine to rain, mud and paint. Stainless steel would decrease the chance that the part rusts, and also makes it able to withstand bumps and direct hits without a problem. So from a regional weather standpoint, and a safety standpoint, stainless steel is a good choice of material. The protective coat of paint also adds to the protection of the part from rust and rain.
The expansion chamber also changes the look of the marker, making it more aesthetically pleasing for some. First off, it changes the path of the gas line, so instead of having it go all the way up to the power tube of the marker, it goes straight across to the bottom of the marker, getting a rid of the curved gas line and making it straight, which makes the marker look more rigid. The expansion chamber itself has a shiny black finish to it, replacing the dull plastic front grip that comes stock, so the part matches the marker, but adds a little bit of gloss to make it stand out. The smooth finish is aesthetically pleasing, but also serves a functional purpose, creating a nice area for your hand to grip on to. This part was designed with both functionality and aesthetics in mind.
Manufacturing Methods
Looking at the expansion chamber closer, it is obvious that multiple manufacturing processes were used in the making of this part. Most notably turning, and drilling. Evidence of turning can be seen by the small horizontal lines that go around the entire circumference of the part, and also because it is symmetrical about the center axis. It also has threads, which are made my turning, and a couple groves, which can also be made by turning. Evidence in drilling can be seen in the bottom part of the expansion chamber, where the gas line is inserted, and also in the top where the gas exits. Both look to be drilled because they are in a circular pattern, giving evidence that it was made by a spinning bit. Both drilling and turning make perfect sense when manufacturing, due to the shape of the product. Since it is axis-symmetric, turning is a perfect process.
Economic factors definitely had to have an influence in the manufacturing process as well, specifically with the choice of material. There are materials that are more durable, lighter, and would be better at insulating the CO2 then stainless steel is, but they would be much more expensive and less available. For example, titanium would be lighter, and more durable, but would be much more expensive. Stainless steel is also readily available in our region, so it is an easy choice of material from a global standpoint. From a societal point of view, it is also used widely in the U.S. so the user does not have to question its durability or strength.
Component Complexity
The expansion chamber is responsible for guiding the energy that fires the paintball. So the complexity of the expansion chamber is mostly dependent on the function.
- Component complexity-1 hollow cavity,2 thread,2 energy flow,2 manufacturing process
- 1+2+2+2=7 is the score of the component complexity
- Interaction complexity-2 direct connection (marker, gas line), 1 material flow, 1 energy flow
- 2+1+.5=3.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
- 2+1+.5=3.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
Component Function
The sear of the Tippmann 98 Custom is one of the smaller components of the system, but it holds a very important internal function. It holds the main bolt system back against the main axial spring and, in doing so, translates human input into mechanical signals, activating along with the trigger to release the bolt system. By doing this the Sear acts as both a lock, and a release for the other components of the Marker. Located within the marker, where compact spaces direct its movement, its slight and sturdy translations allow for the control of the system. It is clear that this component of the marker is strictly mechanical, and does not have any visual appeal to the consumer other than its undetected function. The sear is located on the inside of the marker and connects the trigger system with the bolt. Since it is located inside the casing, it is protected from the outside environment.
Component Form
Visually the sear has some compound surfaces, but has distinct corners along all edges. Its side-surfaces are entirely flat, whereas its top and bottom surfaces are curved as to create the proper orientation of the lock end with respect to the trigger end. In the center of the side there is a non-elliptical hole going completely through the sear. Along with this somewhat unique detail, there is a small hinge for a spring located on the bottom of the sear. The metallic material and the unique shape of the hole would suggest that a casting method was used rather than a subtractive process such as drilling, and the lack of flash or seams would suggest investment casting. The sear is technically 3 dimensions, but due to its mirror-style symmetry along its major axis, and it's orientation within the marker, the component functions primarily in two dimensions.
The Sear measures approximately 2 inches in length, .3 in. width, and has a maximum height of .5 inch. The hole has a general radius of .1 in and a major length of .1 in. Its general dimensions are crucial to its function, mainly because it serves as a bridge between the trigger and the main bolt system. Because of its role in locking back a spring, the material used has to be sturdy and rigid within the marker. The sear itself weighs in at an estimated 15-25 grams, an amount that most likely coincides with the strength of the sear spring. This spring orients the sear by applying a force upon the hinge of the sear, such that the sear retains its position about a pin that is structured through the hole of the sear. This component, being a part of the interior functions of the marker, has no aesthetic purpose, and it is obviously a component made for strictly functional reasons. Its dark color is a result of its material composition, and the grey color would suggest the use of steel.
Because of the necessity for the sear to be rigid, is of metallic composition, most likely consisting of iron or steel, a decision that was likely balanced according to the cost of material and the resultant weight of the component. Thus, the Economics of the marker were placed in scope with the functionality of the components. The metallic seer needed to be made at a certain weight with as little waste as possible. Also, due to the small size of the sear, precise and cost-efficient machining needed to be considered for the mass production of small components. Investment casting, while appearing to be the method used, may have been a costly choice for mass production of this small part. It is possible that instead of this, the sear component was simply machined. However this process may also have resulted in non-retrievable waste.
Manufacturing Method
As mentioned before, the sear appears to be created as a result of investment casting. Evidence for this lies in the fact that the part shows no flash, no extraneous marks, and is lacking any evidence of rough machining processes. Its metallic composition would not be easily cut or milled without damage to the machine, and so it would seem that investment casting was the best viable option. Because it is a small part, it might be the case that very many of these are made at once, on a single frame or compound mold, such that there is a much slower required rate of manufacturing than some of the other, larger parts of the marker. Only minimal amounts of milling, if any, would be required after this step to come up with a final process.
From the categories above, the most pertinent category for the complexity exists within the function of the sear. Whereas the form of the part gives evidence for the complexity, it is the function of the sear that determines its required shape. Both the bridge and stopper functions of the sear require it to be of a shape that acts perpendicular at both ends of the component and requires it to be able to move about its center. For these reasons, the sear has both curved and flat edges, as well as a non-elliptical hole located at its mid-section.
- Component complexity- 1 hole, compound part, 1 material, 1 manufacturing process
- .5+2+1+1=3.5 is the score of the component complexity
- Interaction complexity-3 connections (spring, bolt, trigger), 1 component energy
- 3+.5=3.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
- 3+.5=3.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
Power Tube:
Component Function
The power tube serves as a vital part to the paintball marker. Its main function is to control the CO2 and release it with the necessary amount of force to shoot the paintball. The power tube also houses some CO2 to allow the marker to be shot quickly when needed. A velocity screw is found on the side of the power tube to allow for the user to adjust firing velocity to their preference. A higher velocity means the paintball will travel farther at the expense of accuracy. The power tube has both importing and exports flows of compressed air. While the CO2 is entering the power tube with relatively low pressure it leaves with a much larger amount of force and pressure. The power tube is an internal part that doesn't act under any extreme conditions.
Component Form
The power tube is in the general shape of two attached cylinders each of different diameters. It has two screw holes on the one side of it and a velocity screw on the other. It possesses x-axis symmetry if the screws on the one side are not taken into account. The part is primarily three dimensional in that it has to house the CO2. The part is roughly 3 x 1 x 1 in. for the larger cylinder and 2 x .5 x .5 in. for the smaller cylinder. The shape of the power tube allows it to take the CO2 and force it through a smaller area to allow for propulsion. It weighs almost 3 ounces and is made of a plastic polymer with internal parts made of some metal alloy. When manufacturing the part they had to take into consideration that they needed a stable material that wasn't too heavy or too expensive. Also, the part isn't very complex geometrically therefore the simplest methods, which usually are the cheapest, could be used. No specific material properties are needed for the part to function other than the ability to hold a compressed gas. The main factors that influenced the component material were economic and global. Material choice was influenced by economic factors of life span and price. They manufacturers needed a material which wasn't too expensive but wouldn't deteriorate much over time and need to be replaced. A global influence was finding an abundant material that can be readily used and mass produced. Using a material that would need to be shipped in from other areas would make the part expensive and inefficient. Being an internal part the power tube doesn't have any aesthetic purpose and is without surface finish other than what the manufacturing process creates itself. The plastic in which the part is made out of is black and therefore the part is primarily black.
Manufacturing Methods
The power tube is made primarily by injection molding with a plastic substance. Also drilling is used to put in the screw holes and then it is turned for the screw hole threads. Evidence of the injection molding is present on the outside of the part. You can see riser marks all over the part and also a stub from which the part was broken off the mold. Material choice and shape had a large impact on the method because injection molding is one of the most efficient ways of creating relatively small plastic part that isn't too complex for a simple mold. This part is needed for every marker of this model so the economic factor of production cost impacts the manufacturing decisions. Also the need to make the part to last so that the plastic doesn't just break and get thrown into landfills is an environmental factor that played a part in the manufacturing.
note-the power tube is not meant to be disassembled so we are taking it as it is seen
- Component complexity- not symmetrical ,1 hole, compound part, 3 thread, 1 energy flow, 1 material, 2 manufacturing
- 1+.5+2+3+2+1+2=11.5 is the score of the component complexity
- Interaction complexity-2 interactions with another component (bolt, expansion chamber), 1 material flow (CO2), 1 energy flow (CO2)
- 2+1+.5=3.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
- 2+1+.5=3.5 is the score of the interaction complexity
Solid Model Assembly
For the solid model assembly the bolt system was chosen to be modeled. The reason for this was because the bolt system is a one of the most important parts of the marker. We thought that it would be better to visual where each bolt (front, back and insert) are located and how they were assembled. Autodesk Inventor Pro was the CAD program of choice because it provides 3-D modeling which can be used to help visualize the bolt system assembly more easily.
|Part Name
|Part Name
|Front Bolt
|Linkage Arm
|Rear Bolt
|Rear Bolt Insert
|Bolt Handle
For a closer look, here are the actual part and assembly files in Autodesk Inventor: File:Group24Inventorfiles.zip
Engineering Analysis
Design Revisions
After dissecting the marker there are some revisions that could be made in order to help improve the functionality of the marker.
Battery Powered
One component that we would like to change within the marker would be the way that it is powered. By changing the form of energy which powers it from carbon dioxide to electricity, it would impact both the user and the environment. One benefit to the user would be that it makes the marker much lighter. Inside the marker, at the handle, there is a lot of unused space where the battery could be located. This means that the design of the marker does not need to be changed and the user would not have to adapt. An economic impact would be that it would be cheaper for the user. Every time the carbon dioxide tank is emptied you need to pay to refill it. If a battery was used, you would only need to first purchase the battery, and from then on you can just recharge it after each use. Environmentally, every time a paintball is fired using carbon dioxide, excess carbon dioxide is released into the air which affects the air around us and the ozone layer. Using electric power will eliminate this harmful action and still complete the same function of shooting a paintball.
Strengthen Ball Latch
When taking the marker apart we noticed that the rubber piece, known as the ball latch, was worn out. The ball latch is designed to hold the paintball in place without letting it fall down the barrel. If this piece becomes warn, the balls will fall with no control which could potentially damage your marker. In order to solve this problem a spring loaded system can be used. It would be designed in a similar way as the latch but a spring would be located under the lip. Also the material of the ball latch would change from a rubber to more rigid material so it could not become easily worn. This design will still hold the ball in place and serve as the same function. Once the marker is triggered, the force of the ball will push the spring down allowing it to be released. This revision will help improve the reliability of the marker because you will not have to worry about firing multiple balls at once. The consistency will fall into a social impact because the safety of the marker is now improved with the insurance of only one ball being fired at a time. The economic impact to the user would be minimal because a small spring is the only item being added and a slight design change, see figure 8.
Cycle Feed
The marker right now has feed tube that gravity feeds the ball into the barrel. That means that once a ball is fired the force of gravity allows another ball to fall in the same exact spot. This type of feeding system is not reliable because at times the balls may become jammed in the hopper and resulting in a dry fire. Our group has proposed the idea of a cycle feed as shown in figure 9. This design would improve both the reliability and performance of the marker. The way it would work would be that the spindle would spin after each shot. The spindle would use the excess carbon dioxide from the previous shot to spin itself. The ball would then drop down the hole into the barrel. The environmental impacts of this improvement would be that it would prevent dry firing which means less carbon dioxide released into the air. Also by using the excess carbon dioxide to spin the spindle it releases minimal to no carbon dioxide. This new design will appeal to users who either like the aesthetics of it or had previous problems with the marker. This is an economic impact to the makers of the marker because more people would purchase it.


text:
Virginia Beach, VA
November 26, 2013 (Norfolk, Virginia) -- Two projects designed by Clark Nexsen have earned design awards from the Virginia Society of the American Institute of Architects (VSAIA). The firm was honored to receive two of the seven awards presented in the architecture category this year. The VSAIA Awards for Excellence in Architecture were presented at the 2013 Visions for Architecture gala at the Jefferson Hotel on Friday, Nov. 8, 2013. The Virginia Society AIA awards recognize the very best work by designers working from Virginia.
Clark Nexsen received an Honor Award for architecture for the Health and Human Sciences Building at Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, North Carolina. The facility offers a "successful contrast to the natural setting out of which it grows" and "carefully pushes in the hillside contours, preserving a sensitive environment and gracefully stepping down the site," according to a written statement from jurors in the competition.
The firm also received a Merit Award for architecture for Park Shops at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina. Clark Nexsen modernized Park Shops, one of the oldest spaces on NCSU's campus, in a way that both preserves and celebrates its history and texture.
The jury for the architecture category was chaired by Thompson E. Penny, FAIA. The jury considered aesthetics, adherence to the client program, proven and projected building performance, and concept development.
Held annually, the VSAIA Awards for Excellence (also known as the Design Awards) celebrate projects that contribute to the built environment as clear examples of thoughtful and engaging design. This year 29 projects were chosen for design excellence from 139 submissions. The winning projects are featured in an exhibition at the Virginia Center for Architecture in Richmond, Virginia called Design 2013: A Retrospective of Winning Work running through Jan. 5, 2014.
About Clark Nexsen
Clark Nexsen is an integrated design firm providing architecture, engineering, planning, and interior design services to a broad range of sectors. In 2013, Architect magazine ranked the firm 11th in the Top 50 firms in the nation and Building Design+Construction magazine ranked Clark Nexsen in the Engineering/Architect Giants Top 20. With 450-plus employees in 11 office locations in Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Texas, and Washington, D.C., Clark Nexsen is committed to providing design excellence to clients throughout the U.S. and overseas. For more information on the firm, visit www.clarknexsen.com or find them on Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn.
For more information, contact Cat Brutvan at 919-576-2100 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
ReFo: Cardinals @ Jets, Week 13
It would have been the height of irony if a matchup between the two team's arguably in the deepest funk league-wide had put forth a spectacular game at MetLife Stadium. Clearly the football gods were not in a particularly sarcastic mood and instead we were given a matchup that was startling in its ineptitude, particularly at the quarterback position.
In spite of what was at times a depressingly poorly played game, there was still plenty to talk about from this one, not least of which was the Jets finally getting out the shepherd's crook to yank the much maligned Mark Sanchez from the game. His departure brought in Greg McElroy who orchestrated the two best drives of the game as the Jets wound off five minutes for the game's only touchdown and then the game's final 7:55 to close out the victory. Prior to this efficiency the Jets and Cardinals had traded failed third-down conversion, after interception, after three-and-out. An advert for the quality of the NFL this certainly was not.
This loss now drops the hapless Cardinals to their eighth straight defeat as their 4-0 start drifts further and further into distant memory, even the fine play of Kerry Rhodes on his return to New York could not spark the Cardinals to shrug off their now two-month long slump.
Arizona – Three Performances of Note
Rhodes Does Everything He Can
There are few greater motivators for playing well as a sportsman than looking to prove a point against a team or coach that gave up on you. That was the situation Rhodes (+6.9) found himself in this week, and he came up with an exceptional performance that in any other week and with any other offense would surely have been a game-winning performance. Rhodes collected a pair of interceptions to take advantage of some abysmal passing early in the game from Sanchez, and created another turnover from Kahlil Bell in the fourth quarter. In spite of setting the Cardinals up in Jets' territory with each of these turnovers, the offense could only come up with precisely three points from those drives. You can't ask a safety to do any more than Rhodes did in this game to give his offense every chance to win.
Improvement at Tackle
They was very little to get excited about for the Arizona offense yesterday, and even the excitement of improved play at the offensive tackle spot this week still has to be tempered somewhat. You cannot fault the performances of Nate Potter (+1.3) and Bobby Massie (+3.3) who between them allowed only one hit (by Potter), but you do have to consider the pass rush they were keeping out. Once again the Jets were utterly inept as pass rushers, pressuring Ryan Lindley on only seven of his 33 drop-backs, which only serves to highlight just how bad Lindley was in this game. In spite of the pass rush this is still noteworthy, as Massie's improvement continues with his fifth straight positively graded game in pass protection and his second 'perfect' game of pass protection. His first came in the Cardinals' Week 2 win over the Patriots, so maybe the Cardinals should play on the east coast more often.
Playing His Part in the Story of the Game
The story of this game was the abysmal play by both starting quarterbacks, and much as Mark Sanchez will be thrown under the microscope his counterpart for Arizona was as bad, if not worse. With yet another abysmal performance blighted by inaccuracy, misreads and poor decision-making, Lindley now has a scarcely believable passing grade of -17.0 after his first three games as an NFL quarterback. Even for a raw rookie that is just not even remotely good enough and this is the prime example of why 'blooding' rookies was never a universal practice in the past. Clearly the Cardinals see some talent in Lindley — why draft him otherwise — but you can see the anguish in every miss he makes and the frustration building in the offense as even the simplest passes in the playbook go awry. With the defense they have the Cardinals simply need to survive this season and get some belief back into the team. Without Kevin Kolb they do not have a quarterback on the roster capable of bringing anything positive to the team this season, and throwing Lindley to the wolves is unlikely to do him, or the team, any benefit at this point. Getting in a veteran free agent to do a passable job and give some direction to a young quarterback like Lindley, who is quite clearly a deer in the headlights, would surely be a beneficial short-term move?
New York – Three Performances of Note
Move Over Sanchez — Time for Broadway Greg?
Prior to this Sunday's game-winning performance, Greg McElroy was most notable as a New York Jet for "telling it how it is" and slating the Jets' locker room at the conclusion of last season. Now he is the game-winning quarterback who rescued Mark Sanchez' (-3.1 passing) mess against the hapless Cardinals and led the Jets on two crucial drives. Once again Sanchez showed his trademark inaccuracy and poor decision-making to debilitate the New York offense early in the game, as he welcomed home former Jet Rhodes with a pair of interceptions in the first quarter. He sprinkled into his performance some of the throws that should have made him the savior of the Jets' franchise, but for a team set up to capitalize on mistake-free football his big mistakes and inability to get points on the board for three quarters finally broke Rex Ryan's patience. Is this the end for Sanchez, or will he be given one last reprieve? At this point the Jets have nothing to lose but some potential stability, efficiency and an unwillingness to make mistakes from McElroy in an audition for next season — it may be too good an opportunity for the Jets to pass up.
Back to Form on Defense
After their humiliation at the hands of the New England Patriots on Thanksgiving, you had to believe that this once proud Jets defense was hurting and eager to make amends. Well, against the Cardinals' rudderless offense they did just that, holding them out of the end zone and allowing only field goals off short fields and a ballsy fake field goal in the final two minutes of the first half. On the defensive line Muhammad Wilkerson (+3.7) was back to form with three stops in the running game and his third sack of the season. Meanwhile at linebacker, returned to the lineup against a team without even the remotest threat of burning him for a touchdown in coverage, Bart Scott (+3.3) impressed in run defense, as we have seen so many times before, and he even collected his first multiple sack game in the past five years. However, as you have to temper the performance of the Cardinals' tackle for the lack of edge rush the Jets bring, you also have to temper the excitement at this strong Jets defensive display against an offense as bad the Cardinals bring to the field at present.
Grinding Out the Win
The one unit involved here that entered this game was some sort of credit was the Cardinals' defense that, with a moderately capable offense, may have had Arizona in contention for that playoff spot they seemed destined for after a 4-0 start. Their strength, however, has been their pass defense this season and the Jets took advantage of their relative weakness against the running game to, eventually, do just enough to walk away with the win off the back of their ground game. Without the penetrating force of Calais Campbell at RE the Cardinals were short of a presence up front, outside of the early impact of Dan Williams (+1.4 run defense) who had a really good battle with Nick Mangold, with the nose tackle edging it. This was not a pretty performance by the Jets, this was not a textbook, clinical opening up of an attacking defense, but it was enough and the hard work of their tackles and guards saw them through. With the space to build up a head of steam, Shonn Greene (+2.3 rushing) ran hard and his smart decision to get down at the 1-yard line ensured the Jets' victory.
Game Notes
– The three missed tackles forced on the ground in this game by Beanie Wells were his first since the Cardinals' Week 15 win over the Browns last season.
– Deep passing was not at its best in this game. On passes aimed more than 20 yards downfield the three quarterbacks on show combined to go 0 of 10, with three interceptions.
– Including the six targets yesterday, Arizona QBs have completed only 56 of the 115 (48.7%) passes they have targeted to Larry Fitzgerald this season.
PFF Game Ball
His performance was fitting of a victory against a team that gave him away for a pair of picks just two years ago, but Kerry Rhodes will just have to settle for our game ball instead.
Follow Ben on Twitter @PFF_Ben


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Penis Led vs. PooNannie Wise: Establish & Sustain Healthy Relationships
A2Z Personal Growth Enterprises
Wednesday, February 20, 2013 from 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM (EST)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
Enter Your Grown Zone
with Alfred Edmond Jr. & Zara Green
Monthly LIVE Discussions
Better Choices, More Self Love and Healthier Relationships
February Discussion:
Penis Led vs. PooNannie Wise: Establish & Sustain Healthy Relationships
"Penis Led vs. PooNannie Wise", in recognition of February's association with romance and relationships thanks to Valentine's Day, will be a no-holds barred discussion on the choices, actions and standards that must be set and enforced in order to establish and sustain healthy, mutually respectful, romantic relationships.
Wednesday, February 20, 2013
Doors open 6:30pm, 7:00pm - 9:30pm
Registration IS REQUIRED and very LIMITED!!!
No On-Site/At Door Registrations
Shetler Studios & Theatres
544 West 54th Street, 12th Floor
(betweet Broadway and 8th Avenue)
New York, NY 10036
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When & Where
Shetler Studios & Theatres
244 W 54th St
New York,
Wednesday, February 20, 2013 from 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM (EST)
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Kohei Uchimura won his third straight title and Koko Tsurumi claimed her record-tying fifth consecutive crown at the National Individual Gymnastics Championships on Sunday.
Uchimura, the all-around world champion, rebounded from fourth in Saturday's preliminaries to collect a two-day winning total of 182.200 points at Yoyogi National Gymnasium.
Koji Uematsu took second with 179.925, while Koji Yamamuro was third with 178.825.
Tsurumi, winner of the uneven bars silver and the all-around bronze at the worlds, earned a total of 116.000 to tie Keiko Ikeda and Mari Kosuge for the most consecutive wins.
Fourteen-year-old Natsumi Sasada finished second, 2.050 behind Tsurumi. Yoshino Taniguchi was third with 113.250.


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Our longest and best cruise - 34 days of pleasure: Ryndam Cruise Review by Steph'n'Dave
Overall Member Rating
Our longest and best cruise - 34 days of pleasure
Destination: Transatlantic
Embarkation: Tampa
To start our holiday we flew with WestJet from Moncton to Tampa - a good flight. Comfortable seats and excellent in flight staff.
We were booked into the Riverwalk Sheraton and found the hotel comfortable and its restaurant to have good food as we ate there for the two days we stayed. We had a room with a balcony overlooking the river and spent time watching the activity on the river.
The downside of the hotel occurred after we had left on our cruise. We had been warned here on cruise critic about crooks who used equipment to scan charge cards and passports that have embedded technology. Before we left home we purchased covers to protect our charge cards and passports. When we More arrived at the hotel to check-in (our room was already paid) we were asked for a charge card to cover incidentals - which is normal procedure. When my husband's card was scanned he was told 'it was not working'. He then pulled out a back up card which is never used but after he pulled it out he was told his original cards was now fine and working. This was the only time and place this backup card was brought out. Internet is never good in the middle of the Atlantic and we did not bother to try checking our bank information until about two weeks after sailing - because we were not using our cards. It was a shock to see that almost $1000 had been run up on my husband's back up charge card - after we had left the hotel and embarked on the ship! These charges were in Tampa and other locations in Florida. My husband immediately contacted his charge company and that card was cancelled and the charges reversed. I hope the businesses that lost money track down the thief or thieves and charge them.
We took a taxi to the ship around 11:00 a.m. and our luggage was promptly taken and we were only waiting a short time before having our photo taken and our cabin keycard issued. We went to our cabin - dropped off our carry on cases, put our money and passports in our safe and headed off to the Rotterdam dining room for the 'welcome back luncheon'. We went back to our cabin after lunch and the first of our suitcases was already there and by the time we had it unpacked, the other cases had arrived. Absolutely excellent service.
We were delighted to find we had the same Captain, Werner Timmers, and the same Hotel Director, Simon de Boer on this cruise. The captain has a great sense of humour and is very personable and visible to the passengers. Simon has become a friend of myself and my husband - who appreciate both his kindness and his teasing. He is the heart and soul of the ship.
We were delighted to find a lot of the crew we had met in the fall were still on board and very pleased that they remembered us too.
The Ryndam is a small ship (approximately 1200 passengers and 500 crew members). It is also an older ship that has recently had a refit and new carpets were visible in many locations. It is extremely well maintained. We found the ship very clean - and the first three days after each embarkation (we were on for 3 back to back cruises) the cleaning was constant and repeated over and over again to ensure that embarking passengers were not bringing illness aboard. There were middle of the night checks (while passengers were sleeping) by crew to test for any bacteria. These were the healthiest cruises we have ever been on as a result of the hard work of the crew.
I saw an earlier review that stated otherwise. As far as I am concerned (and others in our ship roll-call who saw the review agree)it was a pack of lies by someone hiding behind a handle who was not willing to sign their name to their review. I am more that willing to state my name and give an honest review of our cruises. When one is in a port of call - the ship is open to the elements - flies or birds can come on board temporarily on Lido deck - but these do not remain there. I never saw the Lido deck other than clean.
The food on the Ryndam is excellent whether one is in the Rotterdam dining room or the Lido cafeteria. There is terrific variety in the menus and in 34 days we were never bored with the food and could eat something different every dinner - never repeating ourselves unless we wanted to do so. The quality and freshness were excellent, we were especially delighted with the wide variety of sugar-free desserts available to my diabetic husband. We have never found this variety on any other ship or cruise line. We were amazed by the number of specialty regional meals, deck barbeques, chocolate evenings and other offerings in addition to all the regular dining choices. Even more impressive was the sizing of the meals and variety of healthy options so that one could enjoy all the wonderful meals without gaining a lot of weight.
The first two days after embarkations - the Lido was not self-serve - to prevent any health issues. It means more work for the crew but certainly paid off in having a healthy ship with healthy passengers and crew.
I owe a special thank you to Avinash - one of the excellent chefs on board - for sharing recipes of some of our favourite dishes.
WINE STEWARDS and BAR SERVICES
In the past we have opted for open dining. This time we switched to traditional dining simply because our favourite wine steward was working in the traditional part of the dining room. Roy Nunga is an absolute gem. We arrived for dinner and the first thing he said was 'I have some of that Moscata wine you liked, Stephanie'. This was 6 months after we had last seen him but he remembered us and what we enjoy drinking. My husband loves red wines and Roy suggested different ones that Dave might like and he never disappointed. In all honesty - I probably drank more wine in that 34 days than I drank in the last year - simply because Roy was so adept at finding wines I would enjoy. Roy and our waiters Rudy and Yohannes definitely added to our dining pleasure - anticipating our wishes and just being nice friendly people.
In the bars - we found the staff to be always friendly and helpful - even if just looking for a glass of ice water rather than a cocktail.
We picked cabin 359 again as we had that cabin on our fall trans-Atlantic cruise.
This cabin is on deck 6 and is an inside cabin. We joke that we have the largest balcony on board as we just leave our cabin - walk a few steps and are out on the deck to stroll around the ship or sit in one of the many lounge chairs to read. We also picked that cabin because it is just a short walk to the atrium. The Sjoelen (Dutch shuffleboard) games are there and we both became quite addicted to them on the previous cruise. Our cabin was comfortable (beds and pillows are excellent, there is more storage area than we could actually fill. We had three suitcases with us as well as carry-on luggage and there was still free space when everything was unpacked. Our cabin stewards Johar and Ronald for the first 16 days and Ronald and Wayan for the second 16 days did a marvellous job of keeping the cabin neat and tidy and still found time to refill fruit bowls and make towel animals every evening. We are big people and found we had sufficient room in our cabin to be comfortable - even with the addition of a fridge (for Dave's insulin) and a fan (I have temperature problems) for me. The laundromat is just down the hall and the location of our cabin is quiet - who could ask for more?
We were definitely spoiled for choice on ship. The Cruise Directors (Eric for the T/A and Kieron for the European cruises)were both excellent and their staff was very hard working. There were port lectures and other lectures of interest. There were cooking demonstrations and entertaining tips and hints. There were our much enjoyed trivia contests and there were loads of games and activities. I don't think we have ever been as active on any cruise in the past as we were on this cruise. We played Baggo, and Golf putting and entered Sjoelen tournaments. There were dozens of active choices available. I don't know when some of the entertainment staff (of Location staff as they are now calling it) ever get to sleep as there were things to do from early in the morning until evening.
The library on board is excellent and we read more than a dozen books while on this cruise. There are a variety of games available at the library - really something for everyone. As well one could borrow Ipods and do a self guided tour of the ship and its artwork - something we have done in the past. There were computer courses available as well as computers and internet time for the folks who like to keep in touch with home and friends while cruising.
There was a variety of music around the ship ranging from a fabulous violinist and piano duo who entertained in the Explorer lounge, a guitarist/singer who entertained in the Mix, a dance group who played in the Ocean bar for those of us who love traditional and ballroom dancing, a group in the Crow's Nest who played for the younger crowd, a pianist/singer who entertained in the evenings and of course DJ music in the Crow's nest too.
There were some wonderful guest entertainers in the showroom, ranging from magicians, jugglers, impressionists, musicians and singers. Some of our favourites were Stringfever - 4 English guitarists; Al Brown -singer/entertainer; Zambara (a local cultural show that came on at Palma de Mallorca);Shirley Domingues - a harpist; and Penny Mathisen a singer with a gorgeous voice.
The production entertainers - the singers and dancers of the Ryndam - were fantastic. There are all new production shows on board and they are not to be missed. They are some of the most unique and outstanding shows I have ever seen - as good as anything on Broadway or the West End. The four singers all have lovely voices on their own but also harmonize beautifully. The shows are all new - adding video to the productions and absolutely fantastic costumes. I have never seen as many costume changes as in these shows and all of them have played to enthusiastic audiences. In the past I used to get bored with some production shows but these are new and innovative and exciting - do not miss them !
A big thumbs up to the Ryndam orchestra too. They did a great job - working with so many different guest performers - with a wide variety of music and had a great sound.
I have read a negative review of the service on board and I am here to say - it is not true. We had fabulous service everywhere on ship.
Our cabin stewards were wonderful and very accommodating and our cabin was always in excellent condition.
Our dining room waiter Rudy and his assistant Yohannes were terrific. They made sure there was always brown bread or rolls on our table (white is not good for diabetics) and they were efficient, accurate and more importantly - were fun. Holland America staff is well trained - but they are also people and we enjoy talking, teasing and having fun with them.
We talk to everyone and we were treated like guests - not just customers - and there is a big difference in that. We felt welcomed, wanted and we were definitely pampered.
I've mentioned Roy, our wine steward, before. He added to our pleasure at dinner time with the wines and the conversation. My white wine was always chilled and waiting for me and Dave's red wines were ready for him and Roy had suggestions for the next bottles as these ones emptied. He never disappointed because he provided wines that we enjoyed, in a price range we could afford.
The 'Maitre d's' welcomed us and other waiters and staff that were looking after other tables always spoke to us as well. The gentleman with the ginger and mints as we left the dining room knew what we liked and it was ready for us when he saw us coming. There might be 1200 guests on the ship - but we were always made to feel special.
We ate breakfast and lunch in the Lido most of the time and the staff there was wonderful too. It is self serve but it was hard to do that there as someone would say - I'll get your tea or let me carry your plate for you. People were so helpful. We would have staff come to the table and say - can I get your coffee for you - and have to say No thanks - some one else is already doing that. We were well and truly spoiled.
The ladies and gentlemen in the serving lines got to know us and what we liked and I must admit I ate more turkey bacon than I would have at home as Trishna really spoiled me at breakfast.
Staff met us at entrances with sanitizing liquid - even though self serve machines were there - and we stayed healthy - as did the other guests on board. We saw other staff from housekeeping working hard keeping the ship clean and the public bathrooms spotless. I have never seen as much constant cleaning and polishing on a ship as on this ship - and it was beautiful.
The front desk was awesome. It was a delight to see staff I had met before on other cruises and I especially appreciated their patience with me as I must have de-magnetized my keycard about 8 times on this cruise. Between my magnetic bracelet and having the camera get close to my key card -- I must have been there at least once a week to get a replacement card. I owe a special thanks to Angelo who was there for the T/A part of our cruise. We started our cruise as two star mariners but would have enough to become 3 stars after the first week. Our agent had told us the star change would probably not happen until after the second cruise and the information on it said about 10 days after it ended -- but Angelo contacted the Mariner section of HAL and we were awarded our 3 stars after the first part of our cruises. Now we are working to get up to 4 stars. I really appreciated his efforts for us. As well, when we discovered the charges that had been run up on my husband's card - the staff at reception immediately called through to the charge company for him so he could get this situation corrected.
The photography department on ship was much appreciated. Because my husband and I have been on a lot of cruises in the last 7 and a half years -- we have dozens of photos. Both of us really do not want more until we slim down. No thank you was accepted politely without people pushing us to have photos. We have been on ships where staff was really pushy -- not here. They were very pleasant.
I only visited the Spa once. I had an excellent massage and later stopped by for a minute to purchase a spa product. Usually I visit more often but this trip we seemed to be always doing something and I was so totally relaxed on this cruise that I did not feel a need to de-stress in the spa.
Housekeeping was really efficient in more ways than one. One day I was doing laundry and one of the machines was not working. In less than a half hour -- people were checking on it and it was immediately repaired. I wish we had repair people like that at home -- where one can wait for a week for a service man to come and fix something. They really kept on top of things on the cruise -- any problem was quickly looked after.
I have said earlier that the ship was the destination and holiday for us -- the ports of call were just icing on the cake. We had 19 ports of call between Tampa and Dover. We visited some of them but not all of them as we had been to many of them quite a few times in the past. I will comment under that section about the ports we visited.
British immigration boarded the ship in A Coruna and processed all the passengers before we reached Dover. This was quick and efficient and better still -- saved long line ups and delays when we left the ship. Disembarkation was well organized. We opted to leave at the earliest possible time and said our good-byes and walked off to get our luggage and then board a bus. We had booked a tour with 'International Friends' which was a day long tour. We went first to Canterbury and spent several hours there and then continued on to lovely Leeds Castle for a three hour visit there. After that it was on to London where we were taken to our assorted hotels and to the airport for those flying home that evening. We were at our hotel by 6 in the evening and would highly recommend this tour as an excellent way to get from Dover to London.
This cruise was a holiday and a celebration for us. We had my birthday, Dave's birthday and our anniversary in a 9 day period in April. They were very special occasions -- because of Simon de Boer -- and gave us memories we will always treasure. We were certainly spoiled beyond anything we have experienced in the past and in all honesty, hated to leave the ship when we reached the end of our voyages. It was without doubt the best cruise we have ever experienced and I say that after nearly 400 nights on ships in the last 8 years. We have never had a bad cruise -- some better than others- but at the end of them we were ready to come back home. This time we would happily have stayed on for another 34 nights if it had been possible. I fully believe that the cruise was wonderful because of the Hotel Director Simon de Boer and his wonderful staff. Attitude comes down from the top. Simon's standards are passed down and the staff we met and the experiences we had on ship were all outstanding. We look forward to an opportunity to cruise with him again. The highest rating it is possible to award here is 5+ stars. If there was a higher rating -- I would be giving it.
Stephanie Chazalon ( Steph'n'Dave) Less
Published 05/17/13
Cabin review: I359 Large Interior Stateroom
We have had this cabin for four cruises now - the fall trans-Atlantic, the spring trans-Atlantic, the round trip from Barcelona, and the Barcelona to Dover trip. We were offered an upgrade to ocean view for part of this last vacation but did not take it as we are very comfortable in this cabin. It is in an ideal location as far as we are concerned. It is a comfortable size and had loads of storage room. It is quiet and about midway between the atrium and the stern elevators. There is a laundry room just down the hall - but not close enough to be noisy and we only have to go a few steps to go out onto the promenade deck and walk around or sit on the lounge chairs. We have the advantage of a 'balcony' that covers both sides of the ship that way. We like being reasonably close to the atrium as we can play Sjoelen when we like as well as take advantage of one of the large desks there to either work on the computer or play cards.Read All Large Interior Stateroom (I) Reviews >>
Port and Shore Excursions
Read Cruise Critic's Ryndam Review >>
Wheelchair Access Notes - Exce...
Not a Vacation
Highly disappointed
Cruising Faith Restored
Fantastic Food, Fantastic Serv...
First HAL Cruise; Disappointed
Value for Money
Bogan ship for bogan people
We Loved it!
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Hospitality Foundations
Program Code: 2121
School: School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts
Credential: Certificate
Program Type: Post-secondary program
Program Length: 1 year/ 2 semesters
Start Date: Fall
Location: Progress Campus
Email: email@example.com
Telephone: 416-289-5000, ext. 2569
Program Overview
This Hospitality Foundations program has been specially designed as a pathway to enable international students to enter the School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts and then transition into one of our diploma programs.
In the Hospitality Foundation courses, you learn both the core job skills required to work in the dynamic hospitality industry as well as the language skills to communicate successfully in English to colleagues, employers and guests.
Program Outline
|Course Code
|Course Title
|Introduction to Math 1
|Progress Campus
|Sanitation, Safety and Hygiene
|Progress Campus
|Life Skills and Job Readiness 1
|Progress Campus
|Foundations 1: Developing College Communications Skills
|Progress Campus
|Course Code
|Course Title
|Theory of Food Fundamentals
|Progress Campus
|Introduction to Math 2
|Progress Campus
|Life Skills and Job Readiness 2
|Progress Campus
|Foundations 2: Building College Communications Skills
|Progress Campus
Career Opportunities
Program Highlights
- Smaller class sizes allow for more individualized attention.
- There is a carefully measured pace to the delivery of this Hospitality Foundations program.
- You enjoy specially crafted learning experiences that are delivered by sensitive and experienced instructor and professors.
- The program places a strong emphasis on the use of English in all of its aspects.
- Upon successful completion of this program, you are invited to join any program of your choice in the School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts.
Career Outlook
- Front desk agent
- Room agent
- Room attendant
- Host
- Server
Admission Requirements
Academic Requirements
- Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) or equivalent, or mature applicant status (19 years or older)
- Applicants to Centennial College post-secondary programs in the areas of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts, with scores of 140 or 141 on the Centennial College English Skills Assessment, are advised to take this program first as a pathway to their program of choice.
How to Apply
Applicants cannot apply directly to this program.
This program is an "Alternate Offer" for applicants who apply to, but do not meet admission requirements for a Centennial College post-secondary program in the area of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts.
Tuition and Fees
Fees noted below are estimates only. Tuition is based on two semesters, beginning Fall 2015.
|Tuition (2 Semesters)
|Incidental Fees


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About the Book
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Bryn Mawr College, 2011.
I introduce the concept of physical philosophy and apply it through the context of physical activity.
I examine exercise as an intentional action that engages both the body and mind. Aware-action is my term for deliberate physical movement to the best of one's capabilities, an essential component of wellness.
Features & Details
6×9 in, 15×23 cm
56 Pages
- Publish Date Apr 30, 2011
- Tags wellness, exercise, fitness, embodiment, philosophy, health, movement, activity, flow, Zen, physical, aware-action
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Hanoi's authorities are set to launch a ceremony to announce the National Tourism Year 2010 and commemorate the 999 th anniversary of the Thang Long-Hanoi capital on October 10.
According to the Hanoi People's Committee, the ceremony will be attended by representatives of the Council for Promotion of Tourism in Asia (CPTA) and the Tourism Promotion Organisation for Asian Pacific Cities (TPO), ambassadors and representatives of several Hanoi's sister cities around the world.
Besides the official ceremony, numerous art performances of art will take place in the city's centre from October 9-11.
City dwellers and travelers will have an opportunity to enjoy Chinese traditional operetta, love duets of Bac Ninh, martial art shows, a calligraphy competition and a tourism exhibition./.
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Publication permit No. 46/GP-TTĐT, Ministry of Information and Communications.
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BP Comment Quick Links
February 29, 2008
Prospectus Matchups
The 2008 Transient All-Star Team
Americans are a transient lot. On average, we move 13 times in a lifetime (note: number exaggerated to enhance premise). Our ballplayers are no different; they are often found switching teams. Because of this, it became necessary for me to create the Transient All-Star Team back in 2005. In order to be eligible for this esteemed body, a player must simply be with a different franchise in 2008 than he was at the conclusion of the 2007 season. In the past, I named a player at each position for each league. This year, I'm doing something a little different: presenting the best candidates at each position, discussing their qualifications, and naming just one player overall. As we shall see, the word "best" is relative at some of the positions, while at others, the field is so crowded it is quite difficult to pick a top contender.
The nominees are: Paul Lo Duca, Nationals; Brian Schneider, Mets; Jason Kendall, Brewers; and Mike Rabelo, Marlins.
First Base
The nominees are: Darin Erstad, Astros; Chris Shelton and Ben Broussard, Rangers.
Second Base
The nominees are: Tadahito Iguchi, Padres; Brendan Harris, Twins; and Kazuo Matsui, Astros.
Third Base
The nominees are: Miguel Cabrera, Tigers; Troy Glaus, Cardinals; Dallas McPherson, Marlins; Scott Rolen, Blue Jays; and Pedro Feliz, Phillies.
WARP3 Player Year New Team / Old Team 40.4: Barry Bonds 1993 Giants from Pirates 38.8: Alex Rodriguez 2004 Yankees from Rangers 38.4: Albert Belle 1997 White Sox from Indians 36.4: Ken Griffey Jr. 2000 Reds from Mariners 35.1: Alex Rodriguez 2001 Rangers from Mariners 34.5: Eddie Collins 1915 White Sox from Athletics 34.2: Rogers Hornsby 1927 Giants from Cardinals 32.8: Tris Speaker 1916 Indians from Red Sox 32.0: Jimmie Foxx 1936 Red Sox from Athletics 31.8: Rogers Hornsby 1929 Cubs from Braves
By dint of his sparkling personality and position as player-manager, Hornsby earned his way onto this list twice. Conspicuous by his absence is Babe Ruth, because he earned a lot of his credits as a pitcher. I also took the liberty of removing Rickey Henderson (1993, A's to Blue Jays) and Darrell Evans (1976, Braves to Giants), because their moves came at midseason, and we're concerning ourselves with off-season transients; if you're not as discriminating, they would be ranked ninth and tenth, respectively. This is the kind of company Cabrera is in these days. Here's hoping he can stay in shape and continue to be mentioned in the same context as these all-time greats.
The nominees are: Miguel Tejada, Astros; Adam Everett, Twins; David Eckstein, Blue Jays; Edgar Renteria, Tigers; Orlando Cabrera, White Sox; and Jason Bartlett, Rays.
Left Field
The nominees are: Delmon Young, Twins; Luke Scott, Orioles; Carlos Quentin, White Sox; and Jacque Jones, Tigers.
LF RF CF Scott 5 101 3 Young 0 133 29 Quentin 3 75 0 Jones 2 67 84
There's a similar situation among the Transient All-Star right field candidates:
RF LF CF Ryan Church 0 91 41 Milton Bradley 4 40 15 Jose Guillen 150 2 4 Brad Wilkerson 19 36 1 Geoff Jenkins 0 121 0
And the winner is: Delmon Young of the Minnesota Twins. At 22, Young is the youngest and also figures to play the most. He projects the best with a 4.7 WARP, with the others being in the twos.
Center Field
The nominees are: Torii Hunter, Angels; Andruw Jones, Dodgers; Mike Cameron, Brewers; Nick Swisher, White Sox; Aaron Rowand, Giants; Josh Hamilton, Rangers; Cameron Maybin, Marlins; and Lastings Milledge, Nationals.
Right Field
The nominees are: Ryan Church, Mets; Milton Bradley, Rangers; Jose Guillen, Royals; Brad Wilkerson, Mariners; and Geoff Jenkins, Phillies.
Starting Pitcher
The nominees are: Johan Santana, Mets; Dan Haren, Diamondbacks; Dontrelle Willis, Tigers; and Erik Bedard, Mariners.
WARP3 Pitcher Year New Team / Old Team 41.9: Grover Alexander 1918 Cubs from Phillies 36.6: Roger Clemens 1999 Yankees from Blue Jays 33.4: Lefty Grove 1934 Red Sox from Athletics 30.9: Jim Bunning 1968 Pirates from Phillies 30.6: Kevin Brown 1999 Dodgers from Padres 30.1: Johan Santana 2008 Mets from Twins 28.8: Pedro Martinez 2005 Mets from Red Sox 28.3: Kevin Brown 1998 Padres from Marlins 27.6: Dizzy Dean 1938 Cubs from Cardinals 26.9: Curt Schilling 2004 Red Sox from Diamondbacks
Once again, Ruth is removed from this list because of his hybrid nature. A number of pitchers traded mid-season were also excluded, including Gaylord Perry (1975, Indians to Rangers), Bert Blyleven (1976, Twins to Rangers), Ned Garver (1952, Browns to Tigers), Wes Ferrell (1937, Red Sox to Senators), Dick Radatz (1966, Red Sox to Indians--Radatz was a reliever), and Howard Ehmke (1926, Red Sox to Athletics).
Relief Pitcher
The nominees are: Francisco Cordero, Reds; Jose Valverde, Astros; Eric Gagne, Brewers; and Brad Lidge, Phillies.
And there they are, the best of the uprooted class of '08. As has become custom, we'll check back after the season and see how these picks fared.
Thanks to Bil Burke, Will Carroll, David Laurila, and Jason Par� for their contributions to this column.
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What can you even say at this point about Chicago politics? I'd say I'm happy I live in New York, but things aren't much better here.
On the bright side, if you're a big fan of corruption – or at least willing to overlook it when it occurs in your party – this story is sure to warm your heart.
Last week state Rep. Derrick Smith (D-Chicago) was indicted for bribery. He's accused of accepting $7,000 to arrange a state grant for a day care center. But I'm sure it was "for the kids." In yesterday's Democratic primary race against Tom Swiss, Smith collected three-quarters of the vote. Swiss is a former Cook County Republican Party official, his campaign billboards featured an African American construction worker. Swiss is white and not a construction worker.
Swiss: Next time run as a Republican and don't pretend to be something you are not.
Good grief, what's with people anymore?
There's more here on Rep. Derrick Smith and the corruption that's all but been institutionalized by Chicago Democrats, who will do anything to save a seat. But not to worry, I'm sure the Chicago Democrats who occupy the White House have grown up and only have our best interests in their hearts.
(OK, so I choked on that last sentence a little bit. Sometimes my own sarcasm makes me gag.)


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Went Against My Beliefs !
Well yesterday I broke and went against my beliefs and bought........
you guessed it, a Glock ! Actually this makes the second Glock I ever owned the first one being a Model 30 that I sold because I was going through a rough time. Yesterday I bought the Model 19 and I like it. Actually, I love it ! Holds 16 shots of 9mm power and is small and comfortable, how can you beat that ?
Also got a nice Safariland pancake holster for it, fits like a glove ! As for ammo my dealer had some Remington Bonded Golden Sabres, and I jumped on them. They were 50 ct, 124 gr +P's for $60.00 but well worth it for Police/Law Enforcement ammo. At $30.00 per 25 that's about right. Also got some UMC Ball FMJ 115's for $22.00, and some Federal HST 147 gr. +P's. Today im gonna give
her a nice cleaning to get rid of the factory crud. Other than that she's spotless ! I can't wait until my permit gets here {Had to renew it.}, so I could carry her in that nice holster. Gotta shoot it too, but I'll hold off for now. Maybe I'll just shoot a few shots to make sure she works, ammo's too expensive to waste these days. Funny, im usually a metal head when it comes to guns but the Glock seems to win me over.
Happy Shootin !
Congrats. The only Glock I ever owned was a G19 and I liked it a lot. My buddy has now had it for years and he loves it. He's fired thousands of rounds and I don't think he's ever cleaned it.
Congrats.;) Have 22C and if my government finds no excuse I might have a 19 too.:D
It's about time!
Well all I can say is I own 4 Glocks at this time and I have owned and have been shooting Glock Pistols for about 11 or so years. I am still waiting for my FIRST MALFUNCTION from any Glock I have ever owned. It is the only Gun that I completely trust to protect my life! I sold my last 1911 at the beginning of this year and I will never go back to the 1911 ever again. Just my experience and opinion. //END//;)
Need Pictures
Sir; very good. "Pictures" :) need pictures of the ensembly:)
Model 20 10mm or another Model 30 45ACP. I don't think I want to sell my Sig 1911 for one, but I will save up for it or maybe trade my Taurus Millenium for a 40 cal Glock ? I don't know I like my little Mil-Pro . I'll do it the old fashioned way I guess. Anyone have a Model 20 and find it hard to get ammo or you have to settle for what's there ? That's the only thing that worries me about buying a 10 mm ! Thanks for the congrats guys !
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