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Come review the Project Management certifications available for the Project Management Institute PMI® at Montgomery College. Printable Flyer for Project Management Open House.
Montgomery College's Workforce Development & Continuing Education Department has been designated as a Global Registered Education Provider by the Project Management Institute. Now listed as a premier resource for project management training and development in Maryland, WD&CE offer employees the professional certification needed to compete in today's fast-paced and highly technical workplace. Courses may be taken as open enrollment for individuals or contract training classes for businesses seeking the nationally and internationally recognized Project Management Professional (PMP)® Certification . Montgomery College offers a series of Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)® certification exam preparation classes and PMP® certification exam preparation classes. Montgomery College does not administer the exams. For more information on applying for the CAPM® certification or PMP® certification exams go to http://www.pmi.org
Schedule of Project Management Classes ►Printable Flyer Project Management Classes ►
Project Management Professional (PMP) ® Certification: This course thoroughly prepares students for the Project Management Institute (PMI)® certification exam. It is designed for experienced project managers who want to increase their skills and apply a standards-based approach to project management. Upon completion of this course, students may apply to take the PMP® Certification exam. Prerequisites: Project Management Fundamentals (PMP-019) and A Practical Approach to Project Management (PMC-013) or previous project management education and a minimum of 4500 hours (3 years) project work experience.
Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) ® Certification: This course is designed for entry-level to senior members of a project team who contribute specialized skills such as scheduling, logistics, or cost estimating. This credential signifies that the individual has the knowledge of the principles and terminology of the library of global standards, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) Fifth Edition, Project Management Institute, Inc. 2013. Prerequisite: Project Management Fundamentals (PMP-019) and A Practical Approach to Project Management (PMC-013).
We also offer courses to fulfill the required continuing education courses or PDUs for individuals who have the PMP®.
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I don't know how it is in other European countries, but I would say that in Britain the health of our theatre is heavily dependent on university-trained talent. Anyone who has ever been involved in the National Student Drama festival will know that it is a great cultural jamboree. Students get to act in, write, direct, design and crew their own productions; there also used to be, and I hope still is, a daily newspaper packed with news, views and opinions. And, even if some of the talent involved in the festival winds up in banking or ball-bearings manufacture, at least everyone is exposed to the giddy delights of putting on a play.
Today student theatre is a nationwide affair. In my generation, Oxford and Cambridge had a head start because of their theatre tradition, and also because there were fewer universities around. But I still gratefully remember the opportunities offered by the established clubs. One was that of working with real pros. As a naive 18-year-old, I played a Roman citizen in an Oxford University Dramatic Society Coriolanus: since it was directed by Anthony Page (just starting out at the Royal Court), designed by Sean Kenny and featured Susan Engel as Volumnia, I felt I was learning something about the disciplines of professional theatre. Cambridge, at that time, had an even greater advantage. Students ran their own theatre, the ADC, and through the Footlights comedy club produced annual revues. It's no accident that the National Theatre directorship has been in the hands of Cambridge graduates since 1973, or that Footlights, through a long litany of famous names from Michael Frayn to Emma Thompson, has had a big impact on popular entertainment.
Some will see this as damning proof of Oxbridge elitism. I see it rather as evidence that the ancient universities were pretty nifty, even without the benefit of formal drama departments, at giving students the freedom to experiment and the resources to do so. What you could do then, and presumably still can, is discover whether you had any aptitude for acting, admin, directing or stage-managing. Luckily for myself – and others – I soon discovered that I lacked the confidence and skill to be an actor. But I'm still glad I had the chance. One of my biggest thrills was appearing in a college reading of a play written by a fellow-student at St Catz. The play was Afore Night Come by David Rudkin, which a year or so later was in the rep of the RSC and which looks more and more like a modern classic.
What has changed since my day is the proliferation of university drama departments. In the early 1960s there was a handful of them at Bristol, Manchester, Hull and Birmingham. Now most universities seem to possess a specialist department, and the ones I occasionally visit leave me astonished at their sophistication. I go to York every autumn, where Michael Cordner genially presides over a beautifully equipped new theatre, film and television department and where I do a "masterclass" that involves directing students in a scene from a farce or comedy they are studying: I've never quite recovered from the challenge of directing the amazingly complex dual dinner-party scene from Ayckbourn's How the Other Half Loves in front of the author himself.
But, while the departments I encounter at York, Warwick and Roehampton are very well-run, I also hear stories elsewhere of a growing rift between the study of drama as part of English Literature courses and the emphasis on devised work and performance art in specialist Theatre Studies. I hope this is exaggerated – otherwise we are in danger of producing a generation of graduates whose knowledge of theatre is confined to the particular demands of improv, physical theatre and group creation.
What encourages me, however, is that theatre is now taken seriously as an academic pursuit by universities. And, even when it is pursued purely as a part-time hobby, it offers an invaluable preparation for life. It cheers me to know that Nick Clegg once acted in a student production of Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape and therefore fully understands what awaits a man in old age confronted by the dreams and hopes he signally failed to realise.
Essential reading: Raw talent: 50 years of the National Student Drama Festival by Andrew Haydon (Oberon); Footlights! 100 years of Cambridge Comedy by Robert Hewison (Methuen).

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ST HELENS will be among the areas worst hit by the welfare reforms, with changes to benefits stripping the average working age adult of £630 per year, researchers say.
The borough is listed at 29th in a table showing towns and cities that will be most blighted by the reforms in 2014/15, following a study by academics at Sheffield Hallam University.
It is estimated that the impact will cost the borough's economy £71million a year.
Knowsley, meanwhile, which includes areas such as Whiston and Prescot, is listed at third, losing £75million a year, according to researchers.
A study suggests older industrial owns in the north, seaside towns and some London boroughs will feel the deepest impact of the controversial policies, which included the so-called bedroom tax and changes to council tax benefit.
St Helens is 20th on the list of areas worst affected by changes to housing benefit and Knowsley is second.
In terms of incapacity benefit losses, St Helens will be the 19th most severely affected.
The research shows that when the welfare reforms have come into full effect they will take almost £19bn a year out of the economy.
But the impact of the reforms varies a lot from place to place. The worst affected face financial losses that are twice the national average and four times as much as the least affected places.
Much of the south and east of England outside London escapes comparatively lightly.
However, the three regions of northern England alone can expect to lose around £5.2bn a year in benefit income.
According to the university: "As a general rule, the more deprived the local authority, the greater the financial hit."
Professor Steve Fothergill from Sheffield Hallam's Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, who led the study alongside colleague Professor Tina Beatty, said: "A key effect of the welfare reforms will be to widen the gaps in prosperity between the best and worst local economies across Britain."


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4th of July here means a great trail race that benefits a small school's sports booster program. The race is called the Black Bear Run. Easy trail run through some dense woods. A few small hills but they're sandy hills since this area is the old shoreline area when Lake Michigan was much larger. My hill work at home paid off very nicely.
I had a feeling that I could put in a good effort and had a shot of beating my PR from 2012. I didn't run it in 2013 due to the raging PF issue.
The kilometers clicked off smoothly and I was feeling good. Working hard enough to know I had strength and wind for the hills and a decent kick for the last stretch. I have to give a HUGE shout out to Senior Runner here. He posted tips a while back and two in particular caught my attention. The forward lean I've been working hard on and that was one of his tips. The second one made a huge difference in my running because I run so many hills each day. He mentioned that you don't throw your arms back in a pumping motion going up a hill. You thrust them forward to help propel you up the hill. I started working on that technique right away and I must say, it has made a tremendous difference in my ability to tackle the hills. I kept repeating in my head to maintain my forward lean and thrust up the hills and in my view, it made a big difference. Thanks, Senior Runner!!!
For this 6K race I had my A goal, B goal, and C goal. I nailed the A goal! Took 2 minutes 40 seconds off my PR! I hit the 5K mark and looked at my watch (no Garmin all summer) and knew I was super close to hitting my A goal so I picked it up as much as I still had left in me. Once I felt like I was going to hurl, I knew I was pushing as much as I could. The last 500m are down hill and I could see the giant clock ticking away and I was pushing hard to get there.
I really couldn't believe I did it because it meant I ran 30 seconds per mile faster than the last time I ran this race and over 2 minutes per mile faster than the 5 mile suckfest where I was DFL the previous weekend. I was ECSTATIC!!!
And it gets better! They posted the official results today and I am first in my age group (AG)! I've never done that! And there were 8 other runners besides me! Look if you'd like! I'm the 40-49 AG. http://black-bear-run.com/wp-c...Kagegroupresults.txt
And it still gets better! My husband took pics of me as I was headed to the finish and I'm FLYING!!! First flying pics ever!!! Both feet - OFF THE GROUND! And it's in more than one picture so it's not a fluke. I'm number 104 - white hat, red shirt.
Flying AGAIN! Look!
And I really was/am so happy with my finish time!
I finished at about 9:35 am, 25 minute drive home, shower, fresh clothes, 10 minutes to our town to watch the parade at 10:30 am! I normally skip the parade because as my son got older he didn't care but this year he was in the parade on a float for his Advance Chemistry class. The teacher is just incredible and rally's the kids into a tight knit group. This class is a two year course at our high school and my son is taking it without taking Chem 1 first. I'm darn impressed to put it lightly. So here's my kid in the parade. He's smiling for two reasons: 1. look at all the pretty young ladies surrounding him! 2. he's about to launch a water balloon at his mom!
If you wonder why this race was so much better than last week....
- it was 60F at the start and about 50F in the woods on the trails (heaven) vs. 85F and pavement last week
- I got a great nights sleep and had slept well the 3 nights prior vs. last week of 2-3 hrs sleep per night
The part of the race I'd like to mention are the volunteers that put on full bug jackets and head nets to staff the water stop in the middle of the woods. The bugs were something out of a horror movie. I got 3 in my mouth and managed to spit out 2. Big furry mosquitoes. When they get as big as they are this year, we all swear they either have fur or feathers. These ones felt furry. Kudos to those water stop volunteers!!!


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At a ceremony today, Embraer president and CEO Mauricio Botehlo and senior vice president Luis Carlos Affonso pulled the wraps off full-scale mockups of the company's very light and light jets to reveal their names–the Phenom 100 and 300, respectively. Yesterday, Embraer disclosed it had selected the Garmin G1000 integrated avionics system for the airplanes, both of which will be certified for single-pilot operations. Separately, the company announced that the Legacy business jet will now be known as the Legacy 600 to bring it "more in line with the company's new executive jet naming structure." The fuselage mockups of the eight-seat Phenom 100 and nine-seat Phenom 300 feature similar interiors, both designed by BMW Group DesignWorksUSA.
Embraer Reveals Names for Its Executive Jets
- January 17, 2007, 6:30 AM


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Feed Your Coffee Habit Without The Jitters
Are you a coffee addict? Maybe you wish you could take the mind energizing properties of your morning latte and transfer them to your body? A friend of mine just returned from a weekend spa getaway raving about this fabulous body scrub:
Body Coffee claims the benefits of the coffee bean actually extend far beyond the boundaries of the paper cup. Coffee beans are also apparently a wonderful free radical scavenger, a gentle exfoliant, an astringent, a UVA/UVB protector and a terrific cleanser.
Available in lotions, bars, scrubs and oils, Body Coffee products can be ordered from either their online store or from spa facilities and retail outlets around the world.
For more tips on getting the most out of your spa experience, check out our story on Spa Etiquette 101.


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MINNESOTA NEWS ROUNDUP: Three teens arrested in Willmar murder
Three teenagers are in custody in Kandiyohi County in connection with the death of a grandmother this week in Willmar. Formal charges could be filed today against the two 17-year-old suspects and the 16-year-old, all from Willmar It's believed 79-year-old Lila Warwick was killed during a burglary attempt. Authorities say she suffered multiple stab wounds and neck injuries consistent with strangulation. Sheriff's officials doing a welfare check Monday found Warwick dead inside her home, where she lived alone. Funeral services are Saturday in Willmar.
A man drowned in a Clay County gravel pit last night. A group of friends was jumping off a raft and swimming in the Felton Gravel Pit when the man went under. Rescue crews recovered the man's body after about an hour of searching. Sheriff Bill Bergquist says it's a popular spot, even though no trespassing signs are posted. He says people generally go there to party. The man was 26 and from Fargo. His name has not been released.
The Beltrami County Sheriff's Office has released more information in a Wednesday hit-and-run that killed a 25-year-old Bemidji man. Christopher Strong was found dead on Grange Road early Wednesday morning, and police have identified the make of the car that killed him. Sheriff Phil Hodapp says they are looking for a maroon red Chevrolet Monte Carlo, which is likely to have significant front end damage, and are hoping for a tip that will lead investigators to the driver that left the scene.
Day two of We-Fest country music festival at the Soo Pass Ranch near Detroit Lakes, and a lot of law officers and security officers are patrolling the grounds to keep festival-goers safe. Coordinator John Gourley says with 30,000 fans spending the weekend camping, they want to make sure everyone is okay. The State Patrol brings in extra troopers from across the state to help keep the highways safe, and Becker County deputies and Detroit Lakes police patrol the roads outside the grounds. Keith Urban and Gary Allen are on stage tonight, and tomorrow night Darius Rucker and Carrie Underwood will wrap things up.
Governor Dayton and legislative leaders are talking about a possible special session for storm relief. Dayton's Deputy Chief of Staff, Bob Hume, says they're working on a bipartisan agreement to pay the state's share of disaster funding. Under the disaster declaration President Obama signed for 18 Minnesota counties, the federal government will pay three-quarters of the cost to repair public infrastructure damaged in the June storms and flash floods. Local governments and/or the state must pick up the remainder. The governor's office wants an agreement limiting the special session to storm relief. That's likely because Republicans have been clamoring for a special session to repeal a warehousing sales tax that takes effect next year. Dayton has said it can be dealt with during the regular session which begins next February.
A Moorhead man has been charged after a fight erupted into a road rage incident. Clay County Sheriff Bill Bergquist says two men got into an altercation Tuesday night at a park, then left in separate vehicles and continued the fight at a drag strip near Sabin. Court documents say 35-year-old Shukry Mohammad rammed the victim's vehicle several times and then tried to run him over. He faces charges of assault with a dangerous weapon and criminal damage to property. The victim, who was treated for a broken jaw, was cited for disorderly conduct
Seventh District Congressman Collin Peterson is blasting U-S House Republicans for an agreement on a nutrition bill that he warns would cut 40 billion dollars from food assistance programs. The Republican-controlled House sidestepped the controversy over food stamps last month, passing a Farm Bill that made no changes in the program and leaving the food stamp cuts for separate legislation. Peterson says House Republicans' latest move demonstrates "they have no interest in compromise or actual legislating." Congressman John Kline declined comment, but his spokesman notes the Second District Republican voted for the Farm Bill twice this year -- once when it included food stamps and once when it did not. The Senate passed a bill with much smaller cuts to food stamps, now known as the SNAP program.


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The Southern African Development Community (SADC) said the vote reflected the will of the people despite other monitors saying that it was neither free nor fair.
Zanu-PF now has a two-thirds parliamentary majority which means that Mr Mugabe can change the country's constitution.
Do you agree with the southern African observers endorsement? What do you think of the result? Was the election free and fair? What does the future hold for Zimbabwe?
This debate is now closed. Thank you for your comments.
The following comments reflect the balance of opinion we have received so far:
Many voters were dead people and ghost voters. Most of who voted for Zanu-PF. The constituencies were reduced in urban centres where the literate people want change and democracy. The President has been all over the country trying to buy votes by donating computers. The chiefs and other traditional leaders have been given recognition by Zanu-PF government to solicit votes. Chiefs were given cars, cellphones, and allowances and their homes are electrified. Ngcuka questioned the role of the Chiefs in the elections but I am not sure got a concrete response. They play a very crucial role because people respect them and we have cases where they threaten people with evictions if they don't support Zanu-PF. The appointment and the composition of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission leaves a lot to be desired. There is absolutely no independence and impartiality in the whole thing. Zanu-PF lost these elections by a wider margin and they know it. The election officers can be witnesses on the irregularities which were in the elections. It is sad that we are being taken for ride. We know the truth and the truth shall redeem us.Vusi, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Mugabe had the world at his feet in 1980 and look what he has done with what was and could still be if anyone cared a wonderful country. The only people who can change things in Zimbabwe are Zimbabweans and until they stand up for what they believe in they will continue to be ruled by thugs and thieves and just be another banana republic.Mike, Muscat Oman
Are elections 'free and fair' to the western world only if MDC had won? Long live Zanu-PF! Long live Mugabe! Kagiso, Moshupa, Botswana
The BBC World television's coverage of the Pope's illness and death over the weekend, to the exclusion of all other events, made at least one person happy - Robert Mugabe.Brady Ridgway, Kinshasa, DRC
The issue of whether the poll was free and fair or not is one that can be debated until the cows come home. The issue at hand here is what Mugabe is going to do now that he is back in power. Zanu-PF seems to be concerned only with political power without caring much about what they do with it. Personally, I am disheartened at the thought of five more years of the trash we have gone through during the last five years.
On the other hand, Zimbabweans also need to decide to do now that the vote has been stolen from them. We are very fond of sitting down and wailing our heads off and doing nothing when called to stand up and be counted for our rights. Bob Marley put it aptly in his song Get up, stand up.
He also warned us in his song Zimbabwe that: "Soon we will find out who is the real revolutionary, cause I don't want my people to be tricked by mercenaries." This has clearly happened, now what are we going to do about? Chances are we will set a new milestone which will come to pass and nothing would have changed. Many are already talking about 2008 - that is a long way away.Leslie, Harare, Zimbabwe
I strongly believe the election was very free and fair, and the result was as expected. The major problem of the MDC stems from its lack of a clear strategy to deal with the country's economic ills. All they (MDC) talk about is rule of law, human rights, democracy, etc. Terms that mean a lot in the international arena but absolutely nothing to the majority of Zimbos.Baba vaFreddy, Harare, Zimbabwe
The people of Zimbabwe have spoken. It is time for the leaders to deliver basic necessities such as clean water, sanitation etc. Zimbabwe is a beautiful country with lots of potential. The leaders of the MDC and Zanu-PF must put aside their differences and work towards a common goal which is to improve the lives of ordinary Zimbabweans. Bruce, Cape Town, South Africa
With the rural of Matabeleland being free to express their bitterness of the 1983 atrocities through the ballot of 2000, 2002 and 2005 elections, and with the town young people able to express their votes of protests against economic hardships, I feel in all honesty, the elections were free and fair. There was no intimidation at all against rural people unless you say that the rural of Matabeleland are more sophisticated than Mashonaland and Masvingo and the majority of Midlands.
There was no vote rigging unless you say the rural dead people in the voter register of Matabeleland were not able to vote from graves and it was only the Mashonaland, Midlands and Masvingo dead voters who were able to vote from the grave. Let's be honest with ourselves, knowing very well that we will have to answer for all these lies one day when we depart from this earth.Anonymous, Harare, Zimbabwe
The opposition (MDC) is stupid. Why did they agree to participate in these elections in first place? They knew very well that the results will be on Mugabe's favour.Dumisani, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
The rural folk are really letting the entire nation down. Most of them are inadequately educated and fed with all sorts of stories of how Zanu will be able to see who votes for it and who does not and how those people would not be given food aid. It's time great strides were made to rid them of this cruel intimidation.Anonymous, Harare, Zimbabwe
What is fair? And in whose sight? England's? America's? Germany? Why should they have a say in Zimbabwe affairs? Zimbabwe for Zimbabweans. Long live President Mugabe. Milton Bruce, Georgetown, Guyana
Another sad story, we are doomed once again for another five years of struggle. This election has a serious implication on Zimbabwe's future. I wonder what our kids will survive on? It pains me lot. I thought my vote was going to change things for the better and for the good of our kids. It's a shame that they have rigged the elections again.Keshor Chitambira, Harare
The people of Zimbabwe voted peacefully. Yet others are gathering wood for a dangerous fire. Why? To continue painting the picture that Africans are brutal? If the Zimbabweans did not fight while voting why would they fight after? It would only be because someone motivated the fights or the war, which the people of Zimbabwe are not interested in.
What would the overdeveloped nations do if African states demanded their freedom from colonial rule, which is in the name of the Commonwealth of Nations? Maybe one should ask a lighter question. What is Zimbabwe's real problem today? Is it true that Zimbabwe's problems are land issues? Any African state that will go against the British rule incorporated with other developed nations, will find itself in Zimbabwe's situation.
The real problem in Zimbabwe is freedom. Zimbabweans are fighting for their freedom to be free from the Commonwealth rule, which is under the British Monarch. Because Zimbabwe wants to break free from the British Commonwealth of chains Britain together with other overdeveloped nations cause more cruel measures against Zimbabwe. Archie Kasalika, Oslo, Norway
Like Jonathan Moyo has said, you can't waltz into the State House on the back of peoples' anger and frustration just because you are the 'Opposition'. MDC are in no way ready to form a government to lead a country like Zimbabwe and to all those crying foul: Zanu-PF is still the most popular Party in Zimbabwe. The coverage of this election has been one-sided and very negative but I want to applaud all those Zimbabweans that voted in what was a remarkably peaceful election. The rest of you, leave us Zimbabweans to sort out our own problems.Zvinaiye Mutandiro, Surrey, UK
Congratulations to MDC! I can see that their strength forced Zanu-PF to bow down for democracy and allow at least a partially democratic election process. They must also note that the reason for Mugabe's victory is not only due to rigged votes, but also due to the MDC's defects. What appealing policy does the MDC provide to the rural Zims?
I think that MDC not dealing with the land issue is very portent. They must note that many African governments sympathise with Mugabe, despite his flaws, because there is no African who would like to see children of the ex-colonizers still owning more than 60 percent of the agricultural land. MDC must come up with an appealing plan about the land.Samuel, Edmonton, Canada
The African Union (AU), the 13-member regional Southern African Development Community (SADC) and government delegations from Zambia, Mozambique and Malawi joined economic powerhouse South Africa in saying Zimbabwe's poll was free, credible and reflected the will of the people.Flynn, USA
Pius Ncube for Pope! Surely a Zimbabwean Pope would rid us of this dictator.Mike S, Perth, Australia
Why should there even be elections in Zimbabwe? It's a waste of time! Everyone knows what the outcome will be... The election was not "free and fair"! There is no way it could be! So Mugabe has won! It's not a surprise! Can you imagine what would happen if he didn't? I can't, because there is no way he would have lost! The elections were rigged. Will the Zimbabwean people ever fight and defend their vote? no. Zimbabweans are peaceful people, in general they are not violent and I really don't think they'll do anything about it... I don't know what will happen in Zimbabwe, but I don't think there will be any change for the better any time soon.Anonymous, Australia
This election was rigged. It's a pity the world just looks and let the poor citizen suffer. I wonder if such was a dictator was in a European country would be allowed to stay in power.Godfrey Mushandu, Crawley
Although political violence claimed 447 Iraqis in the four weeks preceding the polls and although more than 20,000 innocent civilians had similarly been killed since the US and British-led invasion forces stormed the country in 2003, the alliance still celebrated the event as free and fair. but why not in Zimbabwe?? Our elections were free and fair. those who are saying they were not free and fair are biased Hamilton, South Africa
I applaud the courage of Morgan Tsvangirai and his supporters and the millions of decent Zimbabweans, both white and black, who have opposed this vile tyranny for so long and with such little real support. That elections under a barrage of bombs and bullets in Iraq were 'free' renders this question academic; Zimbabwean elections were orders of magnitude freer!Murozvi
The United States and Great Britain are responsible for Mugabe's rise to power and should share responsibility for the death a depravation he has brought to both white and black Zimbabweans.Christopher Campbell, Stamford, CT
I think the results represent the will of the majority. Were the people manipulated? Probably, but that's how it works everywhere in the west also, just maybe in a subtler way. Personally I am happy about the result. Mugabe is one of the few presidents who doesn't bow to the US, and English pressure. It is such a shame that while seemingly promoting "human rights", what the west really wants is to further its economic influence in the country.
It's the usual choreography: if a government doesn't do what the west wants, divide and rule. Support the opposition through world wide media, create tension (maybe even sell arms to both parties) and disrupt the national integrity of the nation, and when the country is chaotic enough, come in as a "saviour", giving aids and loans, lifting bans, and introduce modern economic slavery. It's a shame what democracy has been turned into. Tony, USA
There can surely be no doubt that this election was a fraud, albeit a cleverer fraud that all the previous ones. The question is where to now? If Pres Mbeki and his government give their stamp of approval to this crude and cruel charade they will stand condemned of betraying the very values they proclaim and which ushered in democracy in SA. This is not about the West, colonialism and all the rest of the now irrelevant ideological baggage of 'Third worldism', it's about respecting the basic dignity of ordinary Africans. What chance an "African renaissance" if the one great hope for Africa - SA itself - proclaims itself on the side of the thugs while, in full view of the world, they are putting the boot into the face of the common man?Tony McAdam, Melbourne, Australia
Does it matter if they were free and fair? Zanu-PF has got the majority they wanted, now he can do what ever he wants with the constitution, I feel sad for all of us who have to bare it allBrian K, Harare, Zimbabwe
Now that Mr Mugabe is fully confident for having won this so-called election, are some people not worried of him leading the country into an acute poverty, while the international community is decorous rather than issuing resolution?Chernor Jalloh, Almeria, Spain
For Mugabe and his select beneficiaries the result is perfect - his vision is to revert to the systems of governance, the society and subsistence lifestyle that existed in the land prior to 1890 - before foreign influence brought with it foreign ideas that have not and will not work in a continent that is trapped in the past. The past is the inevitable future for countries such as this. Muzungu, ex-Africa
From the very first Zimbabwe elections in 1980 the western Press has mendaciously wished Mugabe away. But why does he keep winning? Why does he keep getting standing ovations when he addresses international forums? The answer is that he articulates the aspirations of the downtrodden. He democratised land ownership in Zimbabwe. He defended the DRC. He continues to expose the double standards of the West. If the Iraqi elections were free and fair then Zimbabwe's elections were perfect. Right or wrong, the results reflect the will of Zimbabweans. Respect us enough to believe that we know what we want. We want Mugabe.Charles Majange, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
It's surprising to hear how normal people can be fooled by Mugabe that they can get to the extent of discussing about elections-2005!People of Zimbabwe only need to rise up and face the Mugabe regime with demonstration within and outside Zimbabwe! Mostly in all the major towns! And then I believe we can have help from the outside world.
Mugabe is an evil man who is acting like possessed, until we sacrifice ourselves to confront him with strong demonstrations then we can as well live and forget about democracy in our beloved country. The truth is MDC has been winning all the elections since we had the referendum! I don't need to explain this! Or else if we can't demonstrate lets pray to the Almighty God to create oil wells in Zimbabwe so that we can also have the US coming to our rescue in getting rid of this despot Mugabe, Iraq is a good example!
Forget about Thabo Mbeki he is another despot leader in the making and he is getting the training form his dear teacher Robert Mugabe! MDC without delay let's go to the streets!AGM, Auckland, NZ
The elections were free and fair. MDC have only themselves to blame. They came late in the contest and had not prepared enough banking on the unpopularity of Mugabe in the West and amongst their supporters. That was not enough. They had more than 50 legislators in the last parliament but it is hard to see what they achieve on the ground.
For five years they concentrated on supporting the west on their campaign to demonise Mugabe and completely forgot about the electorate who have had to make do in very difficult times. The MDC could have achieved a lot if they had not left the people behind. In the end, it is the Zimbabwean people who vote and not the international community represented by Britain and America. Tigere Mubaiwa, Bristol, England
Like the Tsunami but on a larger scale Zanu-PF are out to destroy lives. After winning the elections which were definitely not free and fair the foreign community (monitors) have given Mugabe the licence to continue making his own people suffer. I lived in Bulawayo until the economy fell apart and could not get work, then decided to migrate to the UK. My family have all spilt up to other countries namely Botswana, Canada and the UK. We need help to remove this dictator.Anthony D, London, UK (ex Bulawayo, Zimbabwe)
A weekend with two sad events, the death of the pope and the re-election of a man who has participated in the murder of his own people.
Propaganda is a powerful tool and a combination of this, of the repression of the opposition, the threat of starvation and potentially some rigging of the election results has given Mugabe the power to ensure that Zimbabwe will suffer for many years after his retirement through his empowerment of a puppet second assembly. The only hope for Zimbabwe is now that in time they can achieve a more moderate climate for all its people to work together to restore what was once a healthy nation.Stewart Lunn, Madrid, Spain
The Zanu-PF election victory is the proverbial long rope. With a ruined economy and bad relations with those that can afford to help, Mr Mugabe needs a miracle to deliver on his electoral promises. More intriguing from a regional viewpoint will be the Quiet Diplomacy Camp's next move as Zimbabwe's economic problems continue hurting its neighbours. I'm sure that the Quiet Diplomacy advocates will soon learn that it is economics, and not politics, that is the study of scarcity. It is much easier to turn a blind eye to a neighbour's bad politics than it is to ignore his ruined economy affecting yours. Lloyd Kaseke, Johannesburg, South Africa
Does anyone out there know that people are really starving in Zimbabwe? It's disgusting how Africa and the rest of the world have seemingly abandoned Zimbabweans. You have the rest of Africa, led by Thabo Mbeki continuously defending Mugabe's legitimacy. On the other hand, there is the Western Powers, lead by the UK and the US castigating Mugabe.
The truth of the matter though is that only the ordinary Zimbabweans, including those emigrants who were not allowed to vote, know what life really is like in Zimbabwe. And we all know that a free and fair election will never be possible as long as Zanu Pf is in power. The recent elections were a non-event. But the struggle will continue nonetheless. And we shall solider on with or without the outside world's help. Because at the end of the day, its is us that are starving, not you! Fungai Dzuda, Harare
We are deeply saddened by the outcome of the poll. We believe there might be something that was done for them to win the poll but the truth is these people are not wanted by many Madyirapanze Chitova, Harare, Zimbabwe
Rhodesia was God's Country. The Garden of Eden. I was there for 5 years during the War. Zimbabwe sums up African corruption. A country that was a bread-basket has become a financial disaster through corruption. Do not write off African debts until they have control of corruption.Julian, Tarporley, England
It's rather entertaining that Zimbabwe gets criticism from the US. Talk about pots and kettles.Steve, UK
This is the biggest elections fraud by Zanu pf ever witnessed in the world as far as elections are involved. Mugabe lost all seats in Bulawayo, Masvingo and some parts of Mashonaland but he manipulated all the results in favour of him. He is a thief who has stolen from the people of Zimbabwe.Pavel, Harare
How can you even ask if the elections were free or fair?? What we want to know is: is the international community still going to feed the thieves? Let them starve, then they may just get up and show their own wish!Anonymous
Fair elections? A moot point. One thing is for sure - life isn't fair. If Zimbabweans want to change things they need to do what is necessary. Unfortunately, starvation and violence often catalyse change, so using these as an excuse to avoid transformation doesn't wash as an argument. You can't help people who don't want to help themselves.Susan, Cape Town, South Africa
The country is in a shambles, the people have been lead down a path to wrack and ruin ... you don't have to be a rocket scientist to know that the only way to win an election with that track record is to control it ! John C, Singapore
Zimbabwe is a disaster and has been for years. Mugabe is a despot and tyrant who has raped his country and its peoples of wealth and rights. When are the so-called leaders of the free world, i.e. Bush and Blair, going to have the moral courage and fortitude to remove Mugabe and his evil regime from power?
Don't hold your breath Zimbabwe, I fear you have more time yet as a downtrodden nation ruled by corrupt and evil men and the world will look on and wring their hands in frustration but will do nothing about it. What a sad and corrupt world we live in.Brian Vickers, Javea, Spain
It seems an irony that the United States only concerns itself with free and fair elections in its favourite pet projects, the Middle East and the ex-Soviet block. It's time Zimbabwe's neighbours (especially South Africa), the African Union, the European Union, the United Nations and the United States address this issue. Zimbabwe is a disaster. Natalie Renew, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
I feel that Zimbabwe's future is not in good hands. I don't think the election was fair and I feel dreadfully sorry for people who didn't vote for him. If the world was a fair place many people like him wouldn't be in power.Anonymous, Alicante, Spain
I believe the elections were free and fair. There could have been anomalies here and there I don't know but in Bulawayo things were very normal. I am glad also that Jonathan Moyo won in Tsholotsho as that is a good sign that what people want is somebody who will work for them. MDC should get that lesson and concentrate on working and serving the people and they will get the support. All we need, I believe is politicians who will focus on developing where they have control over.Hlo, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
It's been an extraordinary week; an 84-year-old Pope has billions of followers holding their breath, 81-year-old Prince of Monaco has the tiny isle all-eyes-watery, and 81-year-old Robert Mugabe has a whole African generation of potential in a gripping vice. What a wonderful world!Saj, Spain
We are dealing with two parties who differ in what they want. The man in the urban areas wants jobs since his livelihood depends on it. On the other hand the man in rural areas depends on better farming land especially with the drought years that have become the order. The poor have found a saviour. You worry so much about the situation in the country.
It was caused by MDC's stay-aways action. Remember they forced most employers to award 200% plus increases in wages. This had a ripple effect to the already fragile economy. Are you serious you want this man to lead? I think it is better to work with Mugabe than the man you think. He is not a credible leader. He has made enough money for his family on the basis of change. Freddy, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Zanu-PF did not start rigging these elections now. They started as early as 2002 presidential elections. Also people in the rural areas were intimidated. More so those who were aligned to MDC were fired from the government e.g. if you were anti-Zanu you couldn't get a job in the government. Voting was just but an exercise in futility. It was a fishing expedition in the desert where there is neither fish nor water.
More so uprising against Mugabe won't work because he is in charge of the state machinery who can do anything they want whilst the international community is waffling and watching helplessly or otherwise harassing ordinary Zimbabweans in the diaspora.Joseph Raisi, Francistown, Botswana
In the last month's build up to the election one would say the campaign was free and fair as the opposition was given space in the media and in accessing its supporters. From the point of an outsider this would be considered to be good democratic practice. The voting day was one of the most peacefully I have ever witnessed in this country. However, there are more salient and disturbing features about the Zimbabwean political scenario which outside miss all the time.
The Zimbabwean electorate particularly the rural folk are easily duped into believing very absurd intimidating innuendos by the ruling party functionaries. For example the rural folk are threatened with starvation or eviction from their rural homes if they vote for the opposition. They are also threatened with claims of the ruling party functionaries as having abilities to know whom they would have voted for. This is quite serious in rural areas. AMM, Gweru, Zimbabwe
There is no democracy in Zimbabwe as evidenced by the recent elections. Going to the polls is not significant in Zimbabwean politics as Zanu-PF cheats.Barbra Mhashu, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
I voted on Thursday, and then came to South Africa on holiday. At registration I noticed that there were seven Valintines on the roll. In fact there are only two eligible Valintines left in Zim. My grandfather James died in 1988, my mother Margaret died in 1989, my uncle David and his wife Margot immigrated to Australia in 1990, my sister Barbara got married in 1993.
However my father-in-law Frank Coates who has lived in Zim for the last 50 odd years and has voted in the last three elections was not allowed to vote as he had been removed from the role. This is just my family. I would appreciate the observer missions explaining how this is possible. I would be interested to know who my family 'voted' for.
I can't believe that these elections were free and fair. In 2000 I told the provincial registrar that the role was wrong, I completed a form requesting the role be corrected. In 2002 I highlighted to MDC these errors in the role. I know they raised concerns over these names, yet in 2005 the role still has not been corrected.Stuart Valintine, Mutare, Zimbabwe
With yet another manufactured victory for Mugabe the people of Zimbabwe and the region are the ones who will continue to suffer. When will African leaders realise that the AU, peer review mechanisms, and talk of human rights and democracy remains a laughable sham as long as dictators like Mugabe escape censure and continue to be embraced. Werner van Wyk, South Africa
Firstly I find it amazing that armchair election monitors can judge whether an election is free and fair based on a few snippets on the news. How many of these monitors have actually interviewed people on the ground in Zimbabwe or taken the time to analyse the actual legal and logistical process of the elections? I also find it amazing the idea that an election can only be considered free and fair if the opposition wins.
Why is there such a big deal about names of dead people on the voter role? Does this not happen in every country? Besides, in every Zimbabwean election less people have voted than are on the voter role. If Mugabe was truly a tyrant and dictator why would he bother holding elections and why would he make things more difficult for himself by letting the opposition win any seats at all in parliament?
The issue of allowing external votes is also regularly mentioned as if this is a standard feature of all elections across the world. The word rigged has always been mentioned yet no-one has ever told us how exactly the Zimbabwean elections get rigged. It just goes to show that anyone can make any baseless comment about anything. The WMD saga is another clear example of this phenomenon.Steve, Harare, Zimbabwe
The elections were a total fraud. Zanu-PF cheated and they know it. No-one wants them anymore even in the rural areas and there is no way there could be more voters in the rural areas than in the urban ones. Zanu-PF cheated - they know every Zimbabwean knows it.Taps Moyo, Harare, Zimbabwe
Mugabe needs to realize that the kids he educated during his 25 year reign are ready to take over the state of affairs. He's no longer more capable and educated, so I do question the result and democratic process.Borry Abrahams, Seattle, USA
Numerous countries are crying foul regarding the recent election in Zimbabwe, including the UK. For an ex-Zimbabwean such as me this is rather amusing when you consider that most, if not all, of these countries were either directly or indirectly responsible for bringing Mugabe to power and for keeping him there. How quickly our politicians conveniently forget the very history that they themselves have created. Selective amnesia and hypocrisy are synonymous.Nicholas R Swart, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Asking whether the elections were free and fair is like asking an elephant to ascend Mt Cameroon! Wake up brother Africans, wake up fellow Zimbabweans, there is no such thing as "free and fair" elections in the African context of it. I'm a Cameroonian who grew up most of my life in the states and nowhere have I seen a properly carried out elections, except of course in the US. Once you're a president you don't want anyone else to have a piece of that sweet delicious pie of power. The future of Zimbabwe? Just look at any neighbouring country and you'll have your answer.Asongwe Paul, Bamenda, Cameroon
These elections were obviously rigged but, once again the United Nations will do nothing to actually help. We wouldn't even be writing anything about this right now if Mugabe was taken out of power when he started to brutally kick out white farmers.James Eli Ryan, USA
I think the best answer for the question asked can be provided by the Zimbabweans who took part in voting. All other comments are a mere speculation. Well from what has been said so far the elections were free from violence. It is clear that some people will just not accept every little improvement that Zimbabwe does because they hate the country. We in Botswana are Zimbabwe's neighbours and are actually affected by the hardships that Zimbabweans currently face. We appreciate every little attempt made to restore the Zimbabwe's economy.Bosch, Botswana
It is a pity that African leaders are not sensitive to the situation of their population. I see no reason clinging to power for over 25 years without any meaningful changes in the lives of the masses. Why not leave the scene for others to try. I have the impression that our leaders are greedy, selfish and good for nothing.Paul Rotimi, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
It is no secret that any election in any third world country can only be certified free and fair if a USA and Western powers' favoured candidate has won it.Eneas Mwanyangapo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
When only 50% of the people have voted and a majority of them were denied voting rights how can you say the voting is free? Chatrapati, Hyderabad, India
All things aside, the elections were indeed 'free'. Free from intimidation, violence, and all those other images conjured up by the outside world. Here, on the ground, we voted and our fingers are showing red ink to show it! Fairness is a matter of opinion, because usually people only talk about fairness after the results come out. What we deserve as a country is a pat on the back, just this once.Ziso, Gweru, Zimbabwe
Whatever hardship Zimbabweans are experiencing presently, they must hang on, look up to the future and continue to vote. The younger generation should examine Mugabe's positive and negative sides and correct the wrongs.Adeleke Babalola, Ibadan, Nigeria
These could never be free or fair elections. We have spoken to two members of our family in the last week and their domestic servants have been locked up on trumped up charges, so they could not vote during the elections.Anonymous, UK
I believe that if the majority of the Zimbabweans really don't wish for Zanu PF rule it is possible to go and vote in mass for the opposition. You cannot have mass rigging of the election if the majority of people are against the regime. G Caccia, Harare, Zimbabwe
I have a 'Rhodesian' husband, and 2 brothers obliged, but proud to have served in the Rhodesian war. Of course the election will be rigged - African democracy - 'one man, one vote, once.' Sadly ordinary Africans there will suffer - many are now nostalgic and sorry most of the whites have fled. The White farms were some of the most productive in Africa - maize was exported - even to S Africa. And, the farmers did not steal the land most paid, some in the 1980s & 1900s, and all invested and improved their farms. A vote is worthless if you are starving. Pauline Rosslee, Wiltshire, UK
As long as President Robert Mugabe's ruling Zanu-PF party remains the only dominant political party in the country, the election can never be fair. It is only fair for his own Zanu-PF's members to be elected and re-elected through the means of intimidation, fear and manipulation against other political parties. It can be fair for only his own political justification.Christopher Xaphakd, Minnesota, USA
Mr Mugabe's heavy criticisms of the West shouldn't blindfold us to believe that there is nothing good he can ever do. The just ended elections were well organised and proceeded in a free and fair manner. No violence was reported during the polls, so we have to say a big congratulations to Mugabe. Emmanuel Wembenyui, Brisbane, Australia
When a third world country goes to polls, there are big meddling of richer countries in the name of observing such polls. They become part of a process for the elections to go wrong and rigged. The exit poll results they announce while voting goes on is a dirty trick to bend the results in favour of trouble-makers. Mugabe is right in saying that this election is between Blair and Zimbabwe. C Sachidananda Narayanan, Tirunelveli, India
Should anyone believe that the elections in Zimbabwe will be fair and free that person/s should have their minds read. I have friends in Zim who have found out that their own dead relatives are on the voters role and we don't need to wonder too much about where their votes will end up. As long as Mbeki and others like him silently support Mugabe and his cronies nothing will change. The West should wake up and realize that you are dealing with Africa, where dishonesty and corruption is a game being played by most of the leaders on this dark land.TJ, Randburg, South Africa
No of course the elections won't be fair. But it doesn't matter to Blair and Bush that the despot is turning Zimbabwe into a Country with no hope. The only way for Zimbabwe to survive is for them to strike oil, then and only then will the decent people of Zimbabwe get the help they need.John Heavens, UK
I can't believe this question even needs to be asked.Lee, Bromley, Kent
Why, 25 years after independence, is there still massive controversy concerning poll rigging and voter intimidation surrounding the elections within an African state when the incumbent government have been in power for 25 years and had plenty of time to bring about a true democratic state, should they have wanted to? For those who know little about the Zimbabwean situation does that not say it all? Bruce Tapping, London
There is more to an 'election' than counting votes. Mugabe and his regime have suppressed the opposition and violated their basic human rights. A culture that does not genuinely value liberal democracy and its principals can never experience true freedom and fairness.Michael, California, USA
I am a Malawian born in Zimbabwe but currently studying in Malaysia. The Zimbabwe elections are sickening to say the least. Free and fair elections don't come on voting day but through a process. Therefore, if the process is not fair how can you expect the voting to be free and fair? 30 seats for the ruling party is already an unfair help for the oppositionWilliam Chirwa, Kuala Lumpar
No, of course not. May the Zimbabwean people overthrow their tyrant soon. However, if Mugabe were a pro-western tyrant rather than an anti-western one, the reduction in violence and limited opposition access to the media would have been greeted as signs of "fledgling democracy", as has been the case recently with regard to Egypt and Saudi Arabia.Nick Gotts, Aberdeen, Scotland
As an African, I think it is about time Africa stopped making using Western objections to regimes like Mugabe's as an excuse not act. Africa should take responsibility for her own destiny. How many totalitarian regimes have truly free elections?! Simabel, London
I do not think the elections will be fair. Over a quarter of the population of Zimbabwe are in exile and cannot vote. Many of these people have left the country in fear of the ruling Zanu-PF. My vote would have gone to MDC if I was at home. Sarah Charsley, Portishead, UK
I was one of the first people to vote. It is my democratic right to do so and I don't believe in mourning without taking action. To whoever wins I say congratulations, though I do wish my supported party wins.Herbert Majoni, Harare, Zimbabwe
What are free and fair elections? Can somebody compare the elections in Iraq and the elections in Zimbabwe?Duma Gates, Manzini, Swaziland
Zimbabwe's election will not be free and fair because Mugabe is surrounded by uneducated war veterans who are aware that Mugabe's downfall will spell doom and poverty. I can assure you that they will do everything to rig this election.Patrick Daka, Lusaka, Zambia
Europe and US refuse to understand African realities. Land is too sensitive to be equated to western democracy.Joseph Kaasa, Mwaduti, Tanzania
Elections will be fair but the West won't accept the outcome.Haggai Sichalwe, Lusaka, Zambia
Africa has foolish leaders. People are dying in Sudan and yet they say it is a lie. I am an African and a media specialist. I know the objectivity of western media. The question is are all these reports of sickness, rape, tribal wars, corruption, official stealing, gross underdevelopment, poor economy, unemployment, election rigging in Africa false or true? It is time we solved our problems rather than blaming a photographer who reproduces reality as it is.Adie Paul Ingiona, Ogoja, Nigeria
I wish that all Africans think about development for all rather than just for their family. Mugabe should have worked out long back that it is only we Africans don't think about the past - we need food at the present moment. We forget our past. Poverty should now rule the countries in Africa. We should be able to see which way is better for ourselves. Malopa, Beira, Mozambique
I have a feeling that the elections won't be free and fair. Zanu-PF is going to use its old tricks such as intimidation, violence and threats in order to win the election and to prevent MDC supporters from voting.James Mayane, Botswana
Polls in the world have always been free... you don't have to pay to cast a vote. But talking of fair - even churches are not fair in their decision making.David Lulasa, Nairobi, Kenya
Fair? In Africa there is no time when someone can claim elections are free and fair. There is so much hunger such that people stop thinking for the country but for themselves - who ever can promise them manna they will vote for that person. To a large extent the western world has contributed a lot to the political instability in Africa for having preferred a candidate whom they want to win. If that candidate fails to win then the elections were not free and fair, as long as this stand doesn't change Africa will never have free and fair elections.Douglas Banda, Kitwe, Zambia
Are you kidding? No way will the people of Zimbabwe get a free and fair election. The people of Zimbabwe, my fellows, have been the great loser in this bizarre political situation. Mugabe plays the strong card of the fighter against the British Empire and the British themselves. Zimbabweans are subjected to vital food being used as political weapons - no Zanu-PF supporter, no food. It is a very outrageous situation for my people and Mugabe so far has the connivance of South Africa and other neighbouring countries.Patrick Mulenga, Livingstonia, Malawi
I do not support Mugabe's clinging to power but I hate MDC's marriage of convenience with the USA and UK. The West only hate Mugabe because he evicted white farmers from our land otherwise how can their silence over Darfur be explained. Charles Mitelo, Lusaka
To be perfectly honest I don't think Zimbabweans realize just how precarious our situation is politically, economically and socially. Whilst change is certainly long overdue, the situation as it stands now is explosive to say the least and a sudden change could be calamitous. Shingi, Harare, Zimbabwe
I don't know if this election will be considered free and fair when MDC wins it. But what I know is that as long as the West is against Zanu-PF it will not be considered free and fair by the West.Stephen Mator, Liberia/Ghana
Zimbabwean elections will simply not be fair! This is because the government in power is not fair, so it cannot conduct a fair election.Chigbu Uchendu, Uturu, Nigeria
The fact that Blair and Bush want a change of regime in Zimbabwe does not mean that election cannot be free there. Stop exporting you abuse culture now termed "Democrazy".Diouf, Dakar, Senegal
When will Africa be free from this shame of sit tight rulers? Someone misruling his people for 25 years! And still contesting in a charade called an election is beyond description. I am not a Zimbabwean but you need no prophet to tell you that Mugabe will win again. He will die in office like his compatriots like Mobutu, Enyadema and may be, Gadafi. It is quite appalling that this is happening in the 21st century. Lack of credible opposition due to lack of political education is the albatross of my people. I am weeping.Akinbode, Onitsha, Nigeria
Even in the grim of things in Zimbabwe, there is optimism. Change is possible. I am disheartened by people who seem to give up. I have voted this morning, and I feel I have done my part, and exercised my right. Voter apathy will be retrogressive for Zimbabwe.Freddie Chando, Harare, Zimbabwe
Obviously the elections will not be free and fair as the ruling party Zanu-PF, like any ruling party in Africa, has more access to state resources including among others the print and electronic media. However the president must be congratulated for being more tolerant to the MDC than before. We certainly had a much more peaceful pre-election period and current indications are that the polling will also be peaceful.
MDC has been able to campaign in area which were previously no-go areas including Gokwe where I stay. Their rallies were without incident and interference from Zanu-PF supporters. MDC has also enjoyed a small measure of media coverage unlike in the past. In summary while the playing field is not level and favours the ruling Zanu-PF the current environment is good enough to make MDC win if it has popular support.
It is wishful thinking for any opposition party in southern Africa to have a level playing field in elections. All opposition parties that managed to topple incumbent governments in southern Africa (Zambia and Malawi are good examples) did so in conditions worse than currently prevailing in Zimbabwe. It is time MDC proves its popularity or Zanu-PF will be absolved of rigging elections.Kanaveti Jongwe, Gokwe, Zimbabwe
Of course the elections won't be free and fair. What a silly discussion.Zibusiso Ndlovu, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Mugabe's government has not relieved the suffering of the poor in Zimbabwe since he began 25 years ago so it is time for a change. His government is corrupt and oppressive; this is obvious to even the most ignorant observer. No doubt he will win the next election and continue to build his retirement palace where he will retreat while the country burns. TC, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Robert Mugabe is a dictator masquerading as the leader of a democratic government. He stridently attempts to write off all criticism of him and his cronies as western racist/imperialist attempts to discredit what he claims is a true African democracy. He is a liar and a cheat (thousands of registered voters will vote for Zanu-PF in this election, despite the small problem of being dead!) His extreme paranoia, homophobia, and megalomania place his mental stability in serious question. Free and fair? If the answer to this question wasn't so sad it would make me laugh.Simon Cherumai, Harare, Zimbabwe
A web search will show that recent opinion polls in Zimbabwe all demonstrate that Zanu-PF has far more support than MDC - and also that the European and US media coverage suppresses this fact as strictly as if they operated under centralised censorship. Of course they don't, they all quite freely and independently see that this unmentionable reality has no place in their imperial narrative of support for the MDC and disapproval of Zimbabwe's election. British concern over Zimbabwe's democracy and land reform is especially hypocritical - Britain's contribution to Zimbabwe's land problem and its contribution to Zimbabwean democracy was the Rhodesia racist dictatorship.Brendan Tuohy, Te Whanganui-a-Tara, Aotearoa
I lived in Zimbabwe in the early 1980s and am shocked to see how the once prosperous country has fallen apart under Mugabe. Of course the elections are not fair - they are being conducted under the tyranny of this man. The most incredible issue is the lack of international criticism for the outrageous support South Africa provides to the Mugabe regime.Andrew Jarmolkiewicz, UK
Will Zimbabwe's elections be fair? Are you blind, with the majority of the population eating only if they vote for ZANU PF?N Bentley, London, UK
In Africa the elections are only free and fair when the opposition wins. How do you accuse Mugabe of dictatorship while keeping silent about Museveni and Kagame; the darlings of the West? If you want to criticise be consistent. An African, USA
Robert Mugabe and Britain need each other and are to blame for the situation in Zimbabwe. Like many a demagogue who bravely fought against British colonialism, he knows he can pull out the anti-British card to win supporters in the Third World. The British political establishment for its part plays into his hands by some of their rhetoric - because he knows that many of the British Tories who attack him were supporters of the Smith regime. The losers are the people of Zimbabwe and the democratic process.John P, UK
How can the election be fair when Mugabe makes laws that prohibit free speech of the press, accuse whites as being racist colonists and take their land forcefully and do even more horrible things to blacks if they don't agree with him. How can you expect these elections to be fair when Mugabe himself says that the opposition will not be tolerated. Sadly enough though, the Zanu-PF party will win because of fear and terror for those who vote against him.Jon B, MN, USA
I was born in Zimbabwe in 1980 and my uncle and his family still live in the country so we hear of the problems on a continual basis. After reading some of the comments posted on this BBC site, I've come to realise that there are some very naive people in the world. This election will not be free and fair - and by that, I mean it will not be run on true principles of democracy.Douglas Davies, Johannesburg, South Africa
A hidden electoral role, the intimidation of election supervisors who are randomly labelled MDC supporters, hundreds of thousands of dead people registered to vote whilst almost four million living, breathing Zimbabweans in the Diaspora are denied the right to vote. This election is a complete scam and the result ought to be treated with contempt it deserves.Tim Eae, Australia
I doubt if any of the elections in Zimbabwe have truly been fair. If it was fair why have observer missions been barred from Zimbabwe, why have the NGOs been kicked out, why has the media been restricted? This is not the climate of a democratic election. Gail, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Is it not interesting that those who say the elections will not be free and fair are not Zimbabwean residents. Obviously they are missing the horrors of political violence that marred the 2000 and 2002 elections. If MDC has a majority, as they claim, how can they be outnumbered by Zanu-PF if it's a minority. Mugabe is obviously very popular and commands a majority. So can everyone respect the wishes of Zimbabwean voters and the let the country progress. Iraqis recently had a "free and fair" election under blazing guns and bombs. Food for thought.Vimbai Mhofu, Harare, Zimbabwe
What we should be asking is whether the BBC's coverage of Zimbabwe is free and fair. It seems to me there is an agenda to discredit Zimbabwe and Mugabe based on white farmers losing the land they illegally obtained during colonial control. Let us never lose sight of what Ian Smith did with the support of the white population leading up to 1980 before we so willingly try to destroy the country.Stephen Collison, Australia
One thing that surprises me is that the western governments and media has exaggerated the Zimbabwe issue even above the Darfur (Sudan) crisis. In Africa the opposition is always in difficulties, media access, use of government resources and outright vote rigging are common in Africa, but the BBC want to make us believe Zimbabwe's situation is unique. Let's face it the real problem is that Mugabe repossessed land which the whites had stolen from blacks. It's surprising that even BBC never mentions that whites stole the land and Britain refused to pay for its return. It's no wonder most African leaders (and followers) support Mugabe secretly - so as not to lose western aid. Shimwami Mulenga, Lusaka, Zambia
There is no doubt the elections will not be fair. Mugabe, once a bright hope for African politics, has lost his grip on reality in his attempt to keep a grip on power. Intimidation, violence and blackmail will be the means which he will regain power while his people are starving and having to try and eek out a living with inflation at 600%. It's a shame and until there are free and fair elections, conditions in the country will not get any better.Jason Robinson, Dublin, Ireland
Why is it always that, the so-called "West" is always waiting to see Africa fail. Will Zimbabwe's elections be fair? Is it always so 'fair' in your countries?Joelle, USA
Mugabe is a scar on the face of Zimbabwe. He is opposed to democratic means and will do anything to get his own way. He is not fit to lead a country if he doesn't give a damn about its people. The sooner this man is removed from power the better. Why can't Bush issue a warning like he did with troops in Beirut - oh, maybe there is no financial gains for him here. Alan, Northern Ireland
Fair elections in an autocratic government? You have to be kidding to ask. The old man has failed the country with his incompetence and corruption, and he is too proud to admit it. Rhodesia used to be bad, but this regime is even worse. It is time for change. Its neighbours and the rest of the world should demand change for the good of Zimbabwe's people.Ian Yee, Austin, Texas USA
The events in Zimbabwe show how far we in Southern Africa are from stabilising a region still recovering from decades of oppression and its consequential apathy. The fact that the international community (including South Africa) can stand on the fence whilst turning their back on such gross human rights violations and political dysfunction truly displays how much further Africa has to trudge, and how imperative it is for the global community to walk besides her. Having personally seen how far my country has travelled in the past decade, only now to witness such injustice taking place on our border, leaves me vexed. Gavin Silber, Cape Town, South Africa
Mr Mugabe has been running elections (and influencing their outcomes) for a quarter of a century. I see no signs that he has become a reformed character, so the answer must be a resounding no, Zimbabwe's elections will not be fair.John, England
"Free and fair" politics is an empty phrase when one of the major issues in Africa continues to be a growing racism that seeks to pit black against white instead of seeking co-operative progress. They apparently fail to realize that they threaten to seriously harm social, technical and economic progress in Africa.John Holmes, Canada
It is difficult to answer the question of whether Zimbabwe's election will be 'free and fair' or not. This is because, anything short of victory for the opposition MDC is unacceptable to Britain and its Western Allies. Even if the best satellite in the world showed a massive victory for Zanu-PF, the MDC and the West will say it was rigged.
So at the end of the day, free and fair has a new definition - 'what the West wants', and Africa is paying heavily for this western hypocrisy, because in defiance, most Africans will prefer to vote a bad nationalist ruler than a western puppet. I certainly see Zanu-PF having a landslide victory, for just one reason, lack of a true Zimbabwean opposition party!Chidi Nwamadi, Toulouse, France
I think President Robert Mugabe is a courageous man for fighting for the common man if only other African statesman did the same. Its about time the indigenous people were given the establishments used during colonial rule, long live President Robert Mugabe !Kime Dashol, Gaborone, Botswana
Elections can never be considered free if those outside the country are denied the vote. However, despite the massive machinery that Zanu-PF has, including abuse of state resources, TV, radio and the print media the majority of Zimbabwe will surely vote to prevent Zanu-PF gaining the 2/3 majority it needs to temper with the constitution. The reason is simple, Zimbabweans are an educated lot and you cannot continue to lie to them. They know the source of their problems. Zanu-PF leaders still assume that there are addressing the same audience of the 1970s yet this is the 21st century! Chipo Mbanjwa


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5 a.m. Golf: Alfred Dunhill Championship final round(in Mpumalanga, South Africa).--Golf
6:30 a.m. Soccer: English Premier League: Chelsea at Tottenham.--USA Net.
7 a.m. Tennis: Davis Cup final: Great Britain at Belgium.--Tennis Ch.
7:30 a.m. Motor sports: Formula One Abu Dhabi Grand Prix(in United Arab Emirates).--NBCSN
9 a.m. Talk: Sports Highlights (d.; on Cox cable channel 47 and Verizon FiOs 17 in Newport News and nnpstv.com).--NNPS
9 a.m. Soccer: English Premier League: West Brom at West Ham.--USA Net.
9:30 a.m. Soccer:...


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Pretoria - Water marks, UV light, tilting bars and latent images are some of the major security features on the new Mandela banknotes that will start circulating in the country by the end of the year.
The notes, which have been redesigned, will also be printed on a stronger paper to ensure a longer duration in circulation.
The notes feature the face of icon Nelson Mandela on the one side and the Big Five on the other.
When the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) launched the communication and awareness campaign on Wednesday it spelt out that it had put in everything to discourage counterfeits.
The range is themed "One of a kind" and has R200, R100, R50, R20, and R10 notes.The first phase of the R32 million campaign had already started.
"We are already training banks and others in the cash handling industry how to identify and verify their authenticity," the bank's head of communications Hlengani Mathebula said.
"We intend to introduce the notes into circulation by the end of this year," SARB governor Gill Marcus said.
The notes would circulate side by side with the existing ones.
"There is about R100 billion worth of currency in circulation at the moment, so phasing that out could take any amount of time," she said.
Marcus said both the new and existing notes would remain legal tender until the withdrawal process was complete.
"Our currency is in co-circulation in other countries in the region so the swop could take a while."
The campaign involved visiting those countries that used SA bank notes, and it would also be taken into the remote rural areas for awareness.
The security features on the new series of notes would be identified with the look, feel an tilt approach.
The watermark - including Mandela's face and a see-through feature on the animal - can be seen when the note is held up to light.
For the "look" feature, there is micro text of the denomination on the animals that can be seen under a magnifying glass.
The unique serial numbers, consisting of letters and numbers, can also be seen under UV lighting, as can a variety of animals and people figures. The "feel" feature incorporates raised features on the banknotes.
These include the denomination numeral, the main motif on the front and lines for the visually impaired - one for the R10 note, two for the R20, three for the R50, four for the R100 and five on the R200 note. When tilted, the denomination changes colour. The R50, R100 and R200 notes all have a colour shift that can only be observed when the notes are tilted.
"A country's currency is a fundamental component of its national identity. It should be a reflection of its culture and heritage and the country's banknotes have reflected aspects of its culture and heritage since the inception of the SA rand in 1961," said Marcus.
The communication campaign will run until March but the awareness campaign will be ongoing with people at taxi ranks, pension pay-points and spaza shops being familiarised with the notes.
Pretoria News


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Campaign Drives New Workers To Construction Industry
August 7, 2006
Business Roundtable, an association of 160 CEOs of leading U.S. companies, will rollout a broad-based effort to recruit and train up to 20,000 new construction workers in the Gulf Coast region by the end of 2009, and will help continue the region's recovery from last year's hurricanes. The Gulf Coast Workforce Development Initiative works cooperatively with local businesses, construction trade groups, labor unions, community organizations, academic institutions, and federal, state, and local government.
In August, it will launch the "Gulf Rebuild: Education, Advancement and Training" - or "GREAT" - campaign to promote the program and recruit regional trainees for a four-week course of entry-level training.
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IBM Network Analytics Accelerator
IBM Network Analytics Accelerator provides a single end-to-end view of the customer, network, services and handsets to help Communications Service Providers monetize their growing volume of network data by gaining detailed insight to quality of service, customer behavior and customer experience. It combines speed, scalability, smart network performance and customer insight analytics in one simple-to-use offering. The Network Analytics Accelerator has been specifically designed to provide a single end-to-end view of a communication service provider's network, services, handsets and customers. It offers the depth and breadth of detailed history on a rich set of correlated data, bridging business and network data to identify patterns and trends in network performance and customer behavior.
Purposefully designed
The Network Analytics Accelerator is a combined solution from IBM and Ventraq composed of a high-performance analytical database and best of breed network intelligence software designed to be production data load-ready in as little as 12 weeks. It contains pre-packaged KPIs/KQIs based on telecom best practices that are designed to accelerate time-to-value. It leverages a well-defined data integration approach that automates the integration of new data sources from the network and the business as much as possible. This approach delivers exponential value out of integrated data through incremental investment in the solution.
The Network Analytics Accelerator running on the IBM PureData System for Analytics appliance correlates detailed transactional data coming from across the network with enriching data from other relevant sources from the network and business. This allows it to deliver unparalleled insight to the customer and network value chain. It also provides the ability to fully analyze that data (both current and historical) — on-demand and across multiple dimensions — through a powerful business intelligence and ad-hoc query layer. This gives users immediate access to the data which is of greatest importance to them, and allows them to ask questions they didn't think they could ask, and get answers in a timeframe previously unattainable.
Real-world uses
The Network Analytics Accelerator solution provides a single repository of data that can be leveraged by multiple user groups. It offers a load once, use many, approach that drives operational efficiency and synergy. The same data sources can support multiple use cases relevant to the line of business and operations teams. The ability to deeply analyze the complete data-set and combine various KPIs/KQIs without limits can support multiple and varied use cases from marketing, customer care, network operations and finance. It provides the ability to view the same customer and transaction from completely different perspectives.
The Network Analytics Accelerator combines the performance of IBM PureData System for Analytics appliances with proven network analytics from Ventraq in one easy-to-deploy solution. This combination enables near real-time, on-demand data analysis and delivers rapid time-to-value on an appliance platform that is fully scalable to support tactical, strategic and predictive analytics.
Products powered by Netezza technology
- IBM PureData System for Analytics, powered by Netezza technology
A simple appliance for serious analytics that delivers optimized performance of complex analytics and enables complex algorithms to run in minutes not hours. Learn more
- IBM® Netezza® Replication Services
Resilient, high-speed data replication from a primary system to one or more geographically dispersed target systems with robust disaster recovery. Learn more
- IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator
A workload optimized appliance add-on enabling the integration of business insights into operational processes driving winning strategies. Learn more
Contact IBM
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- Email IBM
Or call us at: 1-877-426-37741-877-426-3774
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NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- It is said that the ancient Greeks had a knack of wrapping truths in myths, the better to communicate everyday truths. An interesting concept, but one that won't wash with our investment experts, who were invited to pick their biggest retirement planning myth and debunk it, whether it be how much money you'll really need to retire comfortably or the virtues of paying off your mortgage early.
The ancient Greeks wouldn't approve, but they're not around to help you with your retirement anyway. Here's a look: Myth No. 1: $1 million will guarantee a stable retirement.
Expert: Nicole Rutledge Regili, lead adviser with Orlando, Fla.'s Resource Consulting Group Not necessarily! First, $1 million today does not buy you what $1 million would buy you 20 years ago, thanks to inflation. Second, $1 million may or may not be your "number." That number is determined by many variables, but spending and portfolio returns are the most prominent. Here's what I mean: Someone earning about 7% annualized for 20 years and spending $200,000 per year would need around $2.2 million in the bank, whereas someone earning this same 7% but spending only $100,000 per year needs only half as much, $1.1 million. There's a similar relationship with the rate of return your money is earning. If your portfolio is invested very conservatively and earns 4% per year, and you want to spend $200,000 per year, you would need closer to $3 million. Myth No. 2: Health care is your biggest expense in retirement
Expert: Chris DeGrace, vice president, SunTrust Investment Services ( STI) Health care certainly is a big cost, but the No. 1 expense is actually taxes.
Because many people are drawing on assets that have enjoyed tax deferral during their working years, they are forced to pull money out of those accounts at ordinary income rates. It's very important to determine a strategy that enables you to draw down retirement income across all accounts available in the most tax efficient way. Ideally you want to let the tax-deferred accounts grow as long as possible. In addition, one would want to focus on the basis of the taxable assets to decide what funds to spend.


text: Critically acclaimed actress-director Nandita Das, who impressed the Tamil audience in Mani Ratnams Kannathil Muthamittal, is all set to make her comeback to Kollywood. Well, the credit for bringing her again goes to producer-actor Udhayanidhi Stalin.Nandita Das has been roped in to play an important role in upcoming Tamil film Neer Paravai. It is said that director Seenuramasamy of Thenmerku Paruvaakatru fame met the actress in Bangalore and narrated the story. As the 41-year-old found her character interesting, she gave a nod to act in the film.The shooting of Neer Paravai has been started recently in Tiruchendur and Nandita Das will be joining in the second week of May to shoot her portions in the forthcoming film. The film stars Vishnu and Sunaina in the lead.


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Australian shares closed flat despite local data indicating continued improvement in labour market and ongoing growth in the construction sector.
The benchmark S&P/ASX 200 Index dipped 0.1 points, or just 0.02 per cent, on Wednesday to 5316, as big falls from mining stocks and three of the big four banks offset gains in healthcare, energy and retail.
Local shares followed Wall Street higher at the start, but pulled back as investors grew cautious ahead of some important announcements expected in the United States and China later in the week.
Minutes from the US Federal Reserve Open Market Committee's December meeting are due for release before the Australian market opens on Thursday. At the December meeting it was decided to start reducing the central bank's monthly asset purchases from $US85 billion to $US75 billion. It is hoped the document will shed light on how quickly and aggressively the FOMC will proceed in scaling back its massive stimulus program.
Nomura North America economist Lewis Alexander said he "expects the FOMC, under [incoming chairman Janet] Yellen's leadership, to increasingly link prospects for future interest rate rises to prospects for inflation." Mr Alexander noted that for this reason the Federal Reserve may be less forthcoming in providing forward guidance during Ms Yellen's tenure, even though this is an approach she has advocated in the past.
Banks mixed as construction growth cools
Locally, the Australian Industry Group/Housing Industry Association Australian Performance of Construction Index showed that in December the construction sector expanded for the third month in a row. However the pace of growth slowed, with the index down 4.4 points to 50.8, after recording 55.2 in November - the second-highest rate of expansion since the survey began in 2005.
Residential and commercial construction expanded, while the engineering sub-sector contracted. Confirmation of the downturn in demand for engineering construction was negative for mining services stocks.
Among mining services stocks on Wednesday, Bradken fell 4.6 per cent at $5.58, Ausdrill lost 5.9 per cent at 96.5¢, and Decmil Group shed 3.8 per cent to $2.29. Forge Group was the worst-performing stock in the ASX 200, dumping 15.6 per cent to $1.11.
Quest Asset Partners fund manager Troy Cairns said that despite a dramatic correction in mining services over the past few months it is still tricky find good value stocks in the sector. "Mining services stocks deserve to trade on a lower than market average price-earnings ratio because it is very difficult to consistently grow earnings in an industry prone to such strong cyclical headwinds.
"Another obstacle to picking winners in the mining services sector at the moment is that companies are at risk of squeezing margins too aggressively to win jobs, which could cause problems down the track."
The major mortgage lenders were mixed, with Commonwealth Bank of Australia the only one of the big four banks to close higher, up 0.2 per cent to $77.88. Westpac dipped 0.1 per cent to $32.04, ANZ Banking Group fell 0.5 per cent to $31.71, and National Australia Bank lost 0.3 per cent to $34.40.
Miners continue fall
Magellan Financial Group jumped 5.5 per cent at $11.48. It was the second day in a row of strong gains since the funds manager reported its funds under management grew by $587 million in December.
Telstra Corporation was flat at $5.28. Fund managers and analysts predict the telco giant will sit on its multibillion-dollar cash pile until after a new deal is finalised with government enterprise NBN Co.
Healthcare was the best-performing sector, up 0.6 per cent, with Sirtex Medical the best-performing stock in the ASX 200, soaring 16.1 per cent to $13.24. Sirtex rose after reporting December quarter sales of its radioactive liver cancer treatment were up 18.7 per cent on the previous corresponding period, rebounding from a declining growth rate over the previous three quarters.
Mining was the worst-performing sector, down 0.6 per cent ahead of trade data due for release in China, the largest export market for Australian resources, on Friday. The big miners have been slugged over the week as the spot price for iron ore, landed in China, has weakened to $US133.80 a tonne down from $US135 per tonne on Friday.
Resources giant BHP Billiton dropped 0.5 per cent to $37.04, main rival Rio Tinto lost 1 per cent to $65.35. Iron ore miner Fortescue Metals Group shed 0.9 per cent to $5.39,
OceanaGold fell 0.6 per cent to $1.64 having joined the fray of goldminers planning to cut production in 2014 after the spot price of gold crashed 28 per cent in 2013. On Wednesday the precious metal was lower at $US1227.55 per ounce.
Junior goldminer Silver Lake Resources dumped 13.7 per cent 56.5¢. Analysts said the company is under pressure to reduce the cost of developing its Murchison Goldfields project, which was greenlighted at a time when the commodity price was above $US2000 per ounce.
Retail outlook too early to call
In other economic news, Australian Bureau of Statistics data showed job vacancies trended down by 0.3 per cent in November, having fallen roughly 2 per cent over the three months to November.
ANZ Bank analyst Savita Singh said that along with other recent labour demand measure the data was encouraging. "The decline in mining labour demand has moderated in recent quarters which is a positive sign given that weakness in the mining sector has been a headwind to overall labour demand."
Australia's biggest oil producer Woodside Petroleum rose 0.6 per cent to $37.88 as Brent crude oil lifted to $US107.43 a barrel.
Retail stocks were mixed. David Jones was flat at $2.98, Myer Holdings rose 0.4 per cent to $2.74, and Harvey Norman fell 0.6 per cent at $3.20. The Reject Shop dropped 0.8 per cent to $17.09.
"Initial reports indicate the retailers had a decent Christmas and the January clearance period is off to a good start, but ultimately we need to wait for trading updates and February reporting season to get real visibility on performance," Mr Cairns said.
"Retail stocks ran following the August interest rate cut on the expectation that low interest rates and improved consumer sentiment would flow through to people spending more at the shops. Retailers that fail to show like-for-like sales growth without excessive discounting denting margins will be at risk of getting punished by investors."
The biggest food and liquor sellers were both higher. Woolworths rose 0.3 per cent to $33.87, while Wesfarmers, owner of Coles, added 0.6 per cent to $43.92.
Foodstuffs maker Goodman Fielder was unchanged at 66.5¢ after announcing plans to sell its meat and pizza businesses. The closure of its New Zealand meat factory is slated to cut 125 jobs.
Crown Resorts rose 2.1 per cent to $17.20 as it was revealed the regulator will fast-track its application for a Sydney casino license.
Virgin Australia Holdings gained 1.3 per cent to 38.5¢, having reported improved yields on airfares in first half of financial year 2014 compared to the previous corresponding period. Rival Qantas Airways rose 0.9 per cent at $1.10. Opposition infrastructure spokesman Anthony Albanese said Labor would block any move to repeal the Qantas Sale Act, which would allow increased foreign ownership of the national carrier.


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Sasha Is A Dirty Girl
video courtesy of: Video courtesy of: foundrymusic.com
Description: Sexy Sasha from Foundry Cams has outdone herself in this video. She's decked out in a black shirt (which she quickly loses) and the tiniest pair of black panties.
Views: 344667 Date: October 11, 2007 Favorited: 41


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DIRECTV's TV Service is Recommended by CableTV.com
If you're looking for a new TV
service, DIRECTV has been rated the best among television services
available in your area. That ranking is based on
evaluations taken directly from independent consumer surveys. It's the
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When you choose a cable company in Dakota, IL that CableTV.com recommends, you're more likely to be happy with the level of service and support you receive. That's because dependability and quality customer service are both factored into our TV provider rankings, so you can easily evaluate your options and choose a provider that meets your needs.


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Eladi Churna is an effective Ayurvedic powder mix. Eladi Churna comprises mainly of Indian spices. Eladi Choornam is used in the treatment of digestive complaints of Kapha imbalance.
Eladi Churna is also known as Eladi choornam, Eladi Choorna, Eladi Chooran etc.
Many Ayurvedic textual reference of Eladi Churna is available. But most of the companies manufacture this herbal formula from Kerala Ayurveda text book – Sahasra Yoga
Eladi Choornam ingredients –
Ela (Cardamom),
Nagakesara – Mesua ferrea
Maricha – Black pepper
Pippali – Long pepper,
Ginger, – all in the gradually increasing proportion.
Fine powders of these spices are mixed together and kept inside a container.
Eladi Churna benefits –
Eladi Churna is traditionally used in the treatment of excessive salivation, anorexia, vomiting, pain abdomen and throat discomfort.
Those who complain of throat irritation and phlegm when they get up in the morning, they can take a small pinch of this powder with honey or hot water at night, after food.
For the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis, Eladi Churnam – 20 grams is mixed with 100 ml of Ayyappala Keratailam and applied locally.
Effect on Dosha – Balances Kapha and Vata at the level of oral cavity, stomach and intestines. May cause increase of Pitta.
Eladi Churna dose – 1 – 3 grams with sugar.
Diabetic people may take it along with water.
Eladi Choornam is advised after food.
Eladi Choornam side effects – People with gastritis and peptic ulcer may feel burning sensation in stomach and increased gastric irritation.
Care should be taken in chlidren and pregnant women.
This Ayurvedic medicine should only be taken after prescription by Ayurvedic doctor.
Companies that manufacture Eladi Churna –
AVN, Kottakkal, AVP, Gurukul, Mukthi, Zandu.
एलात्वक् नागकुसुम तीक्ष्णकृष्ण महौषधम् । भागवृद्धं क्रमाच्चूर्ण निहन्ति समशर्करम् । प्रसेकारुचि पार्श्वार्ति छर्दि कण्ठामयापहम् ॥ सहस्रयोग
elātvak nāgakusuma tīkṣṇakṛṣṇa mahauṣadham | bhāgavṛddhaṃ kramāccūrṇa nihanti samaśarkaram | prasekāruci pārśvārti chardi kaṇṭhāmayāpaham || sahasrayoga