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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Sigma1 receptors (σ1Rs) represent a structurally unique class of intracellular proteins that function as chaperones. σ1Rs translocate from the mitochondria-associated membrane to the cell nucleus or cell membrane, and through protein-protein interactions influence several targets, including ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors, lipids, and other signaling proteins. Several studies have demonstrated that σR antagonists block stimulant-induced behavioral effects, including ambulatory activity, sensitization, and acute toxicities. Curiously, the effects of stimulants have been blocked by σR antagonists tested under place-conditioning but not self-administration procedures, indicating fundamental differences in the mechanisms underlying these two effects. The self administration of σR agonists has been found in subjects previously trained to self administer cocaine. The reinforcing effects of the σR agonists were blocked by σR antagonists. Additionally, σR agonists were found to increase dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens shell, a brain region considered important for the reinforcing effects of abused drugs. Although the effects of the σR agonist, DTG, on dopamine were obtained at doses that approximated those that maintained self administration behavior those of another agonist, PRE-084 required higher doses. The effects of DTG were antagonized by non-selective or a preferential σ2R antagonist but not by a preferential σ1R antagonist. The effects of PRE-084 on dopamine were insensitive to σR antagonists. The data suggest that the self administration of σR agonists is independent of dopamine and the findings are discussed in light of a hypothesis that cocaine has both intracellular actions mediated by σRs, as well as extracellular actions mediated through conventionally studied mechanisms. The co-activation and potential interactions among these mechanisms, in particular those involving the intracellular chaperone σRs, may lead to the pernicious addictive effects of stimulant drugs.
We recently reported on the reinforcing effects of sigma receptor (σR) agonists in rats that had a history of cocaine self administration. That rats would self administer a σR agonist was a surprising outcome. Several previous studies had demonstrated that σR agonists were ineffective in behavioral procedures that were indicative of reinforcing effects (see below). Thus, the present paper explores the finding of reinforcing effects of σR agonists further with regard to its implications for the role of σRs in the abuse of cocaine, drug abuse in general, adaptations to cocaine exposure, and the potential treatment of stimulant abuse.
There have been a number of comprehensive reviews that have focused on the potential of σR antagonists as treatments for stimulant abuse (e.g. [
The present paper will provide a brief overview of the history of research on σRs and the current understanding of the cell biology of σRs. We will then review the literature on σR agonists with a focus on effects indicative of abuse liability – e.g. effects on dopamine (DA) in brain regions critical for reinforcing effects, locomotor stimulation, subjective discriminative-stimulus effects, self administration, and place conditioning – in light of the finding that σR agonists can be self administered. Finally, we will further examine several results with cocaine focusing on σRs that may have implications for the reinforcing effects of σR ligands.
As the history of σR research clearly indicates, there have been a number of false starts, quirks, and obstacles due to the need for refinement of techniques and a better understanding of the ligands used to assess actions at σRs. Consequently, the present review will focus on ligands that are currently understood to be relatively selective for σRs and will only when necessary include studies conducted with drugs that were previously thought to be σR ligands but have been proven less selective.
The initial proposal by Martin and colleagues [
The σ1R is an integral membrane protein predominantly expressed at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The σ1R possesses two membrane-spanning domains at the N-terminus and the center of the protein [
The C-terminus of the σ1R possesses chaperone activity that prevents protein aggregation [
Since the early proposal of the sigma "opioid" receptor [
One of the major loci where σ1Rs cluster is the ER subdomain physically associating with mitochondria (mitochondria-associated ER membrane: MAM) [
A recent study demonstrated that σ1Rs are also highly clustered at the thin layers of ER cisternae adjacent to the post-synaptic plasma membranes of the ventral horn spinal motor neurons [
The demand for elucidating the molecular mechanism by which σ1Rs regulate plasma membrane events is expanding as various novel roles are unveiled for σ1Rs in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels [
Cellular stress or σ1R agonists are shown to mobilize σ1Rs at the ER membrane [
Some ER chaperones are known to translocate from ER to other intracellular organelles, or be released to the outside of cells [
σ1Rs may also modulate plasma membrane proteins by controlling their folding and secretion at the ER level. Virtually all plasma membrane proteins are synthesized at the ER. Newly synthesized proteins are properly folded with the aid of ER molecular chaperones followed by entering the ER-Golgi secretory pathway for further modifications and the delivery to the final destination (e.g., plasma membrane) [
σ1Rs may affect a wide range of cellular functions by regulating cell morphologies. Earlier studies found that σ1Rs promote neurite sprouting in PC12 cells. Selective σ1R agonists, though having no effect of their own, were able to enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite sprouting. Additionally, NGF as well as chronic treatment with σ1R agonists were shown to up-regulate endogenous σ1R expression in PC12 cells; the process is essential for promoting neurite sprouting by σ1R ligands [
Recently, the impact of σ1Rs on synaptic plasticity and the consequential effects on neuronal function have begun to be elucidated. In σ1R deficient hippocampal neurons, aberrant morphologies have been observed [
A wide variety of compound structures bind to the σR, which has made the study of structure-activity relationships difficult [
In a recent study primarily focused on the effects of σR agonists on DA neurotransmission, Garcés-Ramírez
A number of studies have suggested a multiplicity of binding sites beyond the sites commonly accepted as σ1 and σ2Rs [e.g.
What constitutes agonist and antagonist actions at σRs, and which ligands function in each of the two manners, have been significant problems throughout the history of research on σRs. The review by Walker
In regards to modulation of neurotransmitter release and possibly uptake, σRs have been shown to interact with GLU, ACh, DA, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), norepinephrine (noradrenaline, NE), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems. Some of these neuromodulatory actions could be of interest when related to reinforcing or dependence-producing actions of drugs, and will be described below.
Several fundamental physiological functions have been related to DA neurotransmission, which notoriously underlies drug addiction as well as many different pathological conditions. Brain areas related to DA transmission express σRs [
As mentioned above, early difficulties in precisely delineating selective ligands for σRs have to be considered when examining contrasting results described in the literature. For example, (+)-3-PPP, a drug with high affinity for σRs, has been shown to significantly decrease extracellular DA levels in dialysates from the nucleus accumbens (NAC) [
A decrease in DA levels has also been shown with local administration of high doses of haloperidol, a σR antagonist, and the agonist, DTG [
In studies prompted by the finding of reinforcing effects of σR agonists [
GLU neurotransmission, as with DA, has also been implicated in drug abuse, with its role purported to be in the various stages that lead from drug use to addiction [
Several studies implicate σRs as influencing GLU neurotransmission in brain areas that play a role in learning and memory. For example, it has been reported that actions of neurosteroids at σ1Rs can enhance spontaneous GLU release in the prelimbic cortex and hippocampus [
Recent evidence suggests that neurosteroids facilitate long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat hippocampus, an effect suggested as being mediated by neurosteroid activation of neuronal σRs [
BDNF is a member of a family of growth factors found in brain and periphery that support the modification, growth, and differentiation of neurons and synapses. BDNF has been implicated in various processes related to learning and memory and is active in the hippocampus, cortex, and basal forebrain. It has also been implicated in the development of drug dependence [
σR agonists and neurosteroids with affinity for σRs have been shown to modulate ACh neurotransmission, and the stimulation of ACh release by σR agonists has been implicated in the improvement of cholinergic-deficit induced memory impairment. Thus σRs may play a role in modulation of learning and memory processes [
Igmesine potentiated the KCl-evoked release of [3H]ACh from rat hippocampal slices, an effect also produced by (+)-SKF 10,047, but not by DTG. Perfusion of the slices with the σR antagonist, haloperidol, blocked the effects of igmesine and (+)-SKF 10,047 [
The non-selective PCP/σR ligand, (+)-SKF 10,047, also stimulated ACh overflow in hippocampal slices [
As mentioned above, cocaine-induced place conditioning has been blocked by σR antagonists [
The major abused psychostimulants, cocaine and amphetamines, increase NE neurotransmission after systemic administration [
The σR agonists (+)-pentazocine, BD 737, and DTG, inhibited, while other σR agonists, igmesine and (+)-3-PPP, facilitated NMDA-evoked overflow of [3H]NE from hippocampal rat slices, without affecting the basal efflux [
It is interesting to note that several compounds initially believed to selectively target 5-HT neurotransmission possess affinity for σRs, and that this feature may play a role in the rapid onset of antidepressant efficacy, as compared to antidepressants that do not show σR activity [
Several studies demonstrated an effect of σR agonists on the firing of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). For example, a complex relationship between σR agonists and 5-HT neurotransmission has been shown by Bermack and Debonnel [
Pregnenolone and (+)-SKF 10,047 inhibit the GABA-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic currents in rat hippocampal cell cultures [
Several years ago Sharkey
Several studies have examined more closely the interactions between cocaine and a large number of σR ligands [see review by 1]. For example, the σR antagonists, BD 1047 and LR172 blocked cocaine-induced seizures, lethality, and locomotor stimulation [
The first study that established that σR antagonists could block the locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine [
The antagonism of locomotor effects of stimulant drugs poses the question of whether σR agonists have stimulant effects of their own. The selective σ1R agonist, (+)-pentazocine (1.0 to 10.0 mg/kg), did not affect locomotor activity in mice [
Several studies have examined the discriminative-stimulus (subjective) effects of σR agonists. In these studies, the subject is trained using operant conditioning techniques to emit one response (intermittently reinforced typically with food pellets) after administration of vehicle and a different response after administration of a behaviorally active drug. Once subjects are trained to some level of accuracy, typically greater than 90% of responses appropriate to the vehicle and "training" drug conditions, they can be tested with various treatments to assess the degree to which the treatment produces or modifies the discriminative effects of the training drug (see [
Studies of the discriminative stimulus effects of σR agonists were hampered initially by lack of clear indications of which compounds had the selectivity necessary to serve as a standard against which other compounds could be compared. Initial studies with dextromethorphan [
Rats trained to discriminate between s.c. injections of DTG (3.0 mg/kg) and saline generalized fully or virtually fully to PCP and related drugs as well as various opioid receptor agonists and (+)-enantiomers of benzomorphans [
In rats trained to discriminate s.c. injections of cocaine (10 mg/kg) from saline, DTG (1 and 10 mg/kg, 30 min before sessions) was no different from vehicle [
Other drug-discrimination studies demonstrated that the σ1R agonist, (+)-pentazocine, fully substituted in rats trained to discriminate ethanol [
Place conditioning, or conditioned place preference as it is commonly known, is a procedure in which a drug is administered to the subject in a particular environment which typically consists of distinct tactile, visual, or olfactory stimuli. Vehicle is injected when the subject is in a different environment. The two environments are virtually always separate sections of a larger chamber. After several pairings of the environments with the respective injections (conditioning) the subject is given a test of the effectiveness of the conditioning by allowing it unrestricted access to either environment without drug administration. Virtually all of the commonly abused drugs produce a shift in the amount of time allocated within the two sections of the chamber such that the subject spends more time in the section paired with the drug [
An increase in time allocation compared to before conditioning is considered by many to be a measure of the reinforcing effect of the drug in place conditioning. It should be noted that this is a Pavlovian (or respondent) conditioning procedure because two sets of stimuli are paired: the stimuli that arise from being in the particular section of the chamber and those from the drug injection. In Pavlovian conditioning the pairing of two stimuli is considered reinforcement. This type of conditioning contrasts with self-administration procedures which involve operant conditioning in which a response of the subject is paired with a stimulus. In the self-administration procedure following a response with a stimulus, in this case those from the drug that is injected, is reinforcement if the response increases in probability. It is perhaps unfortunate, and potentially confusing, that the two procedures use the same term, reinforcement, to specify its inherent process. It may be a further source of confusion that in the place conditioning procedure the final test of the conditioning involves entry into a section of the chamber, which can be considered an operant response with the stimuli arising from entry into that section of the chamber as its consequence. It is no surprise that the two procedures, operant and Pavlovian conditioning, are comingled and difficult to un-entangle, even in the laboratory.
Several σR antagonists have been shown to block place conditioning produced by stimulant drugs, particularly cocaine. This effect was first reported by Romieu
In another study with mice [
The neuroactive steroids, DHEA (5.0-20.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and pregnenolone (10, 20 mg/kg, s.c.) were similarly inactive with regard to the induction of place conditioning [
The place conditioning data suggest that actions mediated by σRs are necessary for cocaine-induced place conditioning. However, as the agonists were inactive, activation of σRs alone is not a sufficient condition for place conditioning. The results with place conditioning are similar to results described above for the stimulant-induced stimulation of locomotor activity. The σR antagonists were effective in blocking both locomotor stimulation and place conditioning produced by stimulant drugs. On the other hand, σR agonists by themselves were inactive in inducing the effect that their antagonists were effective in blocking.
In an early study, Slifer and Balster [
More recently Martin-Fardon
In examining the potential involvement of σRs in the effects of cocaine we found, as in the study by Martin-Fardon
That the σR agonists would maintain self-administration behavior was surprising nonetheless. Though the study in monkeys by Slifer and Balster [
The antagonism of the self administration of PRE-084 and DTG by the σR antagonists also sheds light on other important aspects of the pharmacology of the σR system. As mentioned above, it has been difficult to clearly establish what can be considered as an agonist or antagonist effect of a σR ligand in preparations other than those involving σR chaperone activity. The self-administration studies show
It is useful to consider the differences between outcomes in the place conditioning and the self-administration procedures. Most drugs that are abused (e.g. cocaine) are active in both procedures. The frequent consistencies between outcomes in the two procedures lead many to consider them as interchangeable predictors of abuse liability, with the underlying assumption that similar mechanisms are involved in both procedures. However, as detailed above σR antagonists block the acquisition of a cocaine-induced place conditioning (e.g. [
With specific regard to the σR influences on place conditioning during its acquisition, the analogous experiment with cocaine self administration has not been conducted. In the two studies of σR antagonists conducted to date the cocaine self administration was acquired prior to the testing. Nonetheless, the implication of the place conditioning studies is that there is a σR involvement in some adaptation to the repeated administration of cocaine, suggesting studies of alterations of central function induced by cocaine and related to σRs may shed light on cocaine abuse and chronic dependence.
As described above, the acquisition of cocaine-induced place conditioning in mice was attenuated by co-treatment with σR antagonists [
Several studies have examined changes in various substrates induced by cocaine, which may be sensitive to modification by actions at σRs. Matsumoto
The linkage of the molecular effects described above to behavioral outcomes is beginning to be elucidated. Romieu
Liu and Matsumoto [
The self administration of methamphetamine has also been shown to alter σ1R systems. In one study [
In a subsequent study [
As the studies of gene regulation demonstrate, there is substantial evidence of the involvement of σ1Rs in behavioral effects of stimulant drugs. Studies of the time course of effects suggest specific changes in fra-2 are followed by an up regulation of σ1Rs, and that those changes are reasonably well correlated with behavioral changes. Causality on the other hand is obviously difficult to conclusively demonstrate. The changes in behavior occur exceedingly rapidly. As a consequence, improved time resolution of demonstrated genetic changes may help determine which brain regions are the most critical for the demonstrated effects. In addition, the application of technological advances allowing direct manipulation of genetic changes will provide tests of hypotheses regarding the importance of the regulation of particular genes. As the first section of this paper shows, substantial and significant advances have accrued in the understanding of the cellular biology of σRs. These advances provide a blue print for further studies that are focused on the cellular mechanisms involved in the changes that accompany exposure to stimulant drugs.
It is likely important to note that the most studied (with regard to σR influence) behavioral outcomes of stimulant administration are locomotor activity and place conditioning. These procedures have exhibited a remarkable similarity in their σR pharmacology. In particular, the behavioral effects of stimulants under both procedures are sensitive to σR antagonism. This sensitivity appears to be extant in both the acquisition and the manifestation of stimulant-induced locomotor sensitization and place conditioning. Further, while σR antagonists can block the effects of stimulants, σR agonists are inactive on their own, though may increase the effects of stimulants. On the other hand, the σR pharmacology of stimulant self administration has been less well studied. However, current evidence suggests that it is different from what has been elucidated so far with the other behavioral procedures. For example, cocaine self administration is not altered by σR antagonist administration, whereas both place conditioning and sensitized locomotor activation are readily blocked by σR antagonists. Whether the acquisition of cocaine self administration is sensitive to σR antagonism has not yet been determined. In contrast to the negative findings in place conditioning, σR agonists alone are self administered, and their administration also shifts the stimulant self-administration dose-effect curves leftward. The above differences in the outcomes with different behavioral procedures indicate that the resultant effects do not represent interchangeable readouts of a singular neurobiological mechanism.
Clearly a more thorough characterization of the behavioral and cellular pharmacology of σR agonists and antagonists, both alone and in combination with stimulant drugs, will help to elucidate the role of σRs in the behavioral changes that accompany exposure to stimulant drugs. As we delve more deeply into the σR cellular mechanisms involved in the effects of stimulant drugs, it is important to remain cognizant of the differences in behavioral outcomes which point to important differences in their underlying mechanisms which may have implications for an ultimate application of this knowledge in the development of medications to treat stimulant abuse.
Potential synaptic actions of σ1Rs.
σ1Rs are ER proteins highly clustered at the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM). Under un-stressed conditions, σ1Rs regulate IP3 receptor-mediated Ca2+ mobilization at the MAM. Ca2+ directly influxed from MAM to mitochondria activates ATP production. When σ1Rs at the MAM are depleted in neurons, it causes various mitochondrial dysfunctions, including aggregated mitochondria, membrane potential changes and increased ROS production. These are followed by cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase-3. The activated caspase-3 induces the cleavage and inactivation of the Rac 1 specific GEF Tiam1, leading to the failure of Rac GDP switching to Rac GTP. The failure of the Tiam1-Rac pathway causes the disrupted cytoskeleton network and actin polymerization, that partly involves reduced activities of capping proteins and branching proteins Arp2/3. Consequently, neurons depleted with σ1Rs fail to promote maturation of dendritic spines and recruitment of AMPA/NMDA to post-synaptic membranes as evident of those receptors remained in the dendritic shaft. σ1Rs may also modulate post-synaptic proteins including a variety of ion channels (Na2+, K+ channels) and G protein-coupled receptors (DA D2, μ opioid receptors) by translocating to the proximity of postsynaptic density.
Homologous competition of radiotracer and nonradioactive DTG at guinea pig membranes.
The tissue was incubated in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0 with 3.0 nM [3H]DTG for 120 min at room temperature. Each tube contained 3 nM [3H]DTG (specific activity 48 Ci/mmol), 200 nM (+)-pentazocine, and 8.0 mg tissue. Non-specific binding was defined by addition of 10 μM haloperidol. Reaction was terminated by filtration through Whatman GFB filters presoaked in 0.05% polyethylenimine. The curve is representative of three independent experiments carried out in triplicate.
Effects of pretreatments with selective σR antagonists on DTG-, PRE-084-, and cocaine-induced stimulation of DA levels in dialysates from the NAC shell in rats.
Increased levels of DA were expressed as the average percent change in basal DA values during the first 30 min after DTG, PRE-084, or cocaine treatment. The top panel shows effects of pretreatments with saline, 1 mL/kg i.p.; BD 1063 (a preferential σ1R antagonist), 10 and 30 mg/kg i.p.; BD 1008 (non-selective σR antagonist), 10 mg/kg i.p.; and SN 79 (preferential σ2R antagonist), 1 and 3 mg/kg i.p., injected 30, 30, 30, 15 and 15 min, respectively, before DTG administration, 5.6 mg/kg i.v. The middle panel shows effects of pretreatments with saline, 1 mL/kg i.p.; BD 1063, 10 mg/kg i.p.; and BD 1008, 10, and 30 mg/kg i.p., injected 30 min before PRE 084 administration, 10.0 mg/kg i.v. The bottom panel shows effects of pretreatments with saline, 1 mL/kg i.p.; BD 1063, 10 mg/kg i.p.; and BD 1008, 10 mg/kg i.p. injected 30 min before cocaine administration, 0.32 mg/kg i.v. The data shown are published results [
Reinforcing effects of cocaine, its modification by σR agonists and antagonists, and their substitution in rats trained to self administer cocaine.
Ordinates: Responses per sec. Abscissae: Dose of cocaine or each substituted drug in mg/kg/injection. Each point represents the mean ± SEM (N = 6). EXT: extinction (responses have no consequences). Panel A: Effects of pre-session treatments with the σR antagonist, BD 1063 (3.2, 10 and 32 mg/kg, i.p., 5 min before sessions) on cocaine self administration; Panel B: Effects of pre-session treatments with the σR agonist PRE-084 (1.0, 3.2 and 10 mg/kg, i.p., 30 min before sessions) on cocaine self administration. Panel C: Self administration of the σR agonists PRE-084 (open circles) and DTG (open triangles up) when substituted for cocaine.
4-IBP: 4-(N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-iodobenzamide
(+)-MR200: (+)-methyl 2-[[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]methyl]-1-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylate oxalate
(+)-3-PPP: 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-
AC 927: N-phenethylpiperidine oxalate
BD 1008: N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamine dihydrobromide
BD 1047: N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine dihydrobromide
BD 1063: 1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride
BMY 14802: α-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinebutanol
BTCP: N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine
Ca2+: Calcium ion
DA: dopamine
DAT: dopamine transporter
DHEA: dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one), σR agonist
DTG: 1,3-di-
ER: endoplasmic reticulum
EXT: extinction
FR: fixed ration
igmesine: σR agonist
Inj: injection
LR172: N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(1-homopiperidinyl)ethylamine
MAM: mitochondria-associated ER membrane
MS-377: (R)-(+)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl-2- pyrrolidinone L-tartrate
NAC: nucleus accumbens
NE: norepinephrine
NET: norepinephrine transporter
PKA: protein kinase A
PCP: phencyclidine
PRE-084: 2-(4-Morpholinethyl) 1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate hydrochloride
Pregnenolone: 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, σR agonist
Progesterone: 4-pregnene-3,20-dione, σR antagonist
Rimcazole: 9-[3-(cis-3,5-dimethyle-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-9H-carbazole dihydrochloride
SERT: serotonin transporter
WIN 35,428: (-)-2ß-carbomethoxy-3ß-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane
σ1R: Sigma 1 receptor
σ2R: Sigma 2 receptor
σR: Sigma receptor


text:
Does your tyke have bike anxiety? Purdue University's industrial design program may have just the thing for you.
It's called Shift, a prototype that just took first place in the 9th International Bicycle Design Competition in Taiwan. Arguably, the vehicle could be called a tricycle, since it has three wheels, but that doesn't seem to have been a problem for the competition's judges. And the two rear wheels are only inches apart, so the tripod effect is kept to a minimum. Certainly, the Shift doesn't have the wheel span of your average bicycle with training wheels.
That's actually the point, though. The Purdue team behind the Shift cooked up the design with toddlers in mind as a way to help youngsters learn how to ride a bicycle. "Most children learn how to ride a bike on training wheels, but these simply keep the bike from tipping," Scott Shim, a professor at Purdue who developed the concept along with a pair of students, said in a statement. "Our bike allows children to learn how to balance themselves as they ride instead of looking back to see if their parent is still holding the bike."
Here's how it works: When the Shift is parked or moving slowly, the tops of the rear wheels tip inward, providing a wider base and thus a more stable platform. As it picks up speed, the wheels move into a parallel alignment and eventually to a point where they have a single point of contact with the ground, shifting the balance from the bicycle to the child.
The striking design, with its Z-shaped frame, beat 853 initial entrants (and 24 finalists) from 56 countries at the Taiwan competition. Shim said his team is now waiting to hear more from manufacturers who have expressed an interest in producing the design.
And there must be something inherently appealing about tricycle design--the second-place finisher was a three-wheeler--with the single wheel in the rear and a large box in between the front tires--built with an eye toward environmentally conscious mail carriers.

subset: commoncrawl


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text: A fantastic range of furniture inspired by the farmhouses of France. This Antique French Bedside comes in solid wood and features a lovely distressed effect on the paintwork to enhance that antique farmhouse feel. So add some aesthetic beauty in your wonderful home today with this stunning piece that will also work exceptionally co-ordinated alongside our Shabby Chic furniture.


text:
TEL AVIV (Oct. 6)
Jewish forces were today in full command of two heights east of Gaza and south of Faluja which were captured by the Egyptians yesterday, it was officially announced here.
A Jewish counterattack last night rolled the Egyptians out of Tel el Kuneitra and Kirvet Nahaza which they had seized earlier in the day in unexpected truce violations. The Israeli Government, meanwhile, has notified U.N. truce observation headquarters of the Egyptian attacks.
An Israeli communique in Jerusalem revealed that there was considerable Egyptian troop activity south of that city yesterday, with attacks coming from Sur Bahir. Further west, in the direction of Bethlehem, Egyptian gunners shelled Jewish positions for two hours.
An Israeli Government spokesman today denied a statement by the Greek Government that two Israeli Spitfires on maneuvers from an Israeli base which made a forced landing on the island of Rhodes were armed. The spokesman said the Greek claim was inaccurate.
Minister of Immigration Moshe Shapira today revealed that 50,000 Jews have entered Israel since the proclamation of the state May 15 and that 20,000 had arrived during the period from January to May. An additional 50,000 will enter by the end of this December, Shapira added. He said Israel hopes to admit 120,000 Jews next year and thus force the closing of the European DP camps for Jews.
Pavel Yerahov, Soviet Minister to Israel, yesterday visited President Weizmann at his home in Rehovoth. On Monday, James G. MacDonald, U.S. special envoy to Israel, called on the President. Dr. Weizmann also received Maurice Bisgyer, executive secretary of B'nai B'rith. Earlier, Bisgyer visited the badly damaged B'nai B'rith Children's home in Jerusalem.
A group of American and Canadian Jewish leaders–including Bisgyer, Rep. Emanuel Celler and Harry Friedman of the American Red Mogen David, and David Croll and Dr. Leon Harris of Toronto–are inspecting Israeli military hospitals. In a statement to the press, Celler said that an announcement would soon be forthcoming from Washington which would leave no room for doubt that the U.S. favors Israeli possession of the Negev.
In New Year's broadcasts from Jerusalem, Chief Rabbi Isaac Herzog sent greetings to world Jewry, Israeli military governor Dr. Bernard Joseph reiterated opposition to foreign rule for Jerusalem, even in the guise of international control, and Mayor Daniel Auster reported on the progress made in the city during the siege. In Jerusalem as elsewhere throughout Israel Rosh Hashanah was celebrated in khaki, with the synagogues filled to capacity with service personnel and civilians.


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#16 Cabled Tunic by Michael Kors
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#16 Cabled Tunic
Errata available: vogueknitting.com
Can also be knit in Filatura di Crosa/TSC Zara.
Sized for X-Small/Small, Medium/Large and 1X/2X
Knitted Measurements:
- Bust 44 (49, 54)"/111.5 (124.5, 137)cm
- Length 31 (31.5, 32)"/78.5 (80, 81)cm
Additional Gauge:
39 sts = 5" over cable panel following chart using #7 needles.
From pattern description:
"Oversized allover cable pattern pullover with angled armholes, twisted ribbed bands at lower edges of body and sleeve and normal rib for turtleneck."


text:
Neve Campbell Up For Singularity
She'll star with Josh Hartnett
She'll next be seen getting the run-around from ol' Ghostface in Scream 4, but Neve Campbell is looking to both the distant past and the near future when considering her next job. She's in negotiations to join Roland Joffe's Singularity.
Joffe is working on the time-spanning drama, which will star Josh Hartnett as a British captain in colonial India circa 1778, and also as an archaeologist who falls into a coma in 2015.
Campbell is close to signing on for the role of Hartnett's wife in the future tale, a fellow archaeologist who gets into difficulty while trying to unearth a ring from a sunken ship.
Olga Kurylenko, Claire van der Boom and Bipsha Basu are also all part of the cast. The director could use a serious kudos injection after the embarrassment that was Captivity's controversial poster release and disappointing budget. Joffe kicked off shooting last month in Australia and will also film in India, and we'll find out if Singularity can help his reputation some time next year.


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Manager Hurdle addresses the current state of 2014 Pirates
Pirates manager Clint Hurdle will depart for Bradenton, Fla., Thursday and arrive a month before pitchers and catchers report to spring training.
While speaking at a charitable fundraising event at the VFW in Natrona Heights on Monday night, Hurdle noted that when he arrives in Florida there likely will be a number of lingering questions surrounding the Pirates' 2014 roster.
Hurdle said the club still is exploring the trade and free agent markets for potential fits at first base.
The Pirates would like to add a proven quality left-handed bat to complement Gaby Sanchez, who has been productive against left-handed pitching.
"I know (Pirates general manager) Neal (Huntington) is continuing to have conversations, looking outside our organization for a possible fit," Hurdle said. "One thing is we're not desperate. We're more than willing to make a trade if we're making a fair-value trade."
Andrew Lambo is one internal option who could potentially fill the left-handed first baseman role. The 25-year-old slugged 32 home run between Double-A and Triple-A last season.
Primarily an outfielder throughout his minor league career, Lambo played first base in winter ball and took reps at first base during the Pirates' minicamp in Bradenton earlier this month.
"We believe Lambo needs to be looked at," Hurdle said. "We don't have anybody in our minor league system now that is a first baseman and is ready to go to the big league club."
Hurdle, like the fans he addressed, still is waiting on decision from starting pitcher A.J. Burnett, who has yet to announce whether he'll return to pitch in 2014. Hurdle said he has not spoken with 37-year-old free agent since November.
"Neal continues to have the meaningful conversations that need to be had," Hurdle said. "From my understanding, A.J. is doing everything he has done every other winter except for saying he's coming back. He's trying to make that decision.
" He knows how we feel. I've spoken to him, personally, all the way up to the middle of November. Then I felt like I was getting in the way. He needs quiet. He needs time at home."
Hurdle said the club did have serious discussions about trying to retain first baseman Justin Morneau, who joined the club via trade on Aug. 31 from Minnesota but signed with Colorado as a free agent.
"Morneau was a tough call for us," Hurdle said. "We liked what he brought. We liked the presence, the leadership, the bat-to-ball and the quality of the at-bat. … For $13 million guaranteed that was a little more than we thought would fit for us."
Hurdle addressed the crowd for 40 minutes, then fielded questions. The Pirates manager was welcomed by a standing ovation from those attending and noted that 2013 "needs to be the start of something. … It can't be a one-year, feel-good (story)."
All proceeds from the event, hosted by Alex Mellon Entertainment will benefit Blake and Blair Sopcak, whose home was flooded on Aug. 28 in Sarver.
Travis Sawchik is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. Reach him at email@example.com or via Twitter @Sawchik_Trib.


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Anonymous tipsters are being urged to 'dob in' housing fraudsters via a dedicated hotline in a Yorkshire-wide crackdown.
Bradford Council is teaming up with other local authorities and social landlords across the Yorkshire and Humber region to try to stamp out illegal sub-letting in social housing.
It's also fraudulent for a social housing tenant to provide false information in order to get a tenancy, or to stop living at their home without ending the tenancy.
Across the UK, there are an estimated 98,000 housing association and council homes occupied by someone who should not live there.
Housing fraud takes up valuable housing spaces which deprive other families and individuals of the homes they need, a council spokesman said.
Martin Stubbs, assistant director of the revenues and benefits service at Bradford Council, said: "We are looking forward to working with other local authorities and organisations in the fight against fraud.
"We would urge people to help us stamp it out by coming forward and reporting their suspicions."
Karen Lee, director of Incommunities' Neighbourhood Services, said: "We are committed to cracking down on any Incommunities tenants who are found to be involved in illegal sub-letting.
"We would urge anyone who may be aware of such a practice at one of our properties to contact either our 24-hour reporting line – (01274) 254274 – or the Bradford Council contact number."


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25 Lessons I've Learned (about photography)
3rd Edition, Paperback, Text Only
by Lorenzo
About the Book
Husband, father, and corporate employee— Lorenzo's life revolved around home, work, and his daily commute from the suburbs to the city.
Then, one day in the Spring of 2005, he found himself staying at The Little Church in midtown Manhattan in the wake of a marital separation. Living in virtual isolation for three months, he had a rare chance to re-examine his life.
Quite unexpectedly, he found himself wandering around the city to take photographs, a passion he had let slide in the years of pursuing a career and starting a family. During his nightly sojourns through the streets of New York City, he was reminded of some important life lessons—lessons too easily forgotten in the blur of everyday existence.
Now one of the premier up-and-coming photographers on the streets of New York City, 25 Lessons I've Learned about Photography (Life) chronicles Lorenzo's journey into the amazing world of digital photography and how it helped him to reconnect with the world around him, and to live a life that is truer to one's self.
In this unique book, which bridges word with image, he describes how the deceptively simple rules of photography can also be applied to the art of living. Inspirational and poetic, this book will not only spark readers' creative energies, but also reawaken their passion for life.
"In many of my conversations on great photographers, I frequently mention Lorenzo's work. His sequential photographs…are nothing less that a visual urban poem. It has been my pleasure to watch Lorenzo's rapid growth as a leading photographer of our time."
Jim Van Meter, Rochester, NY, USA
"Lorenzo is a master. His body of work is some of the very best online and may very well be some of the best being done in the medium today. His street work follows in the tradition of Paul Strand, Cartier-Bresson, Garry Winogrand and Larry Friedlander. Lorenzo's 25 Lessons are…as seminal as Ansel's dissertation on the zone system. I found them to be reenergizing, perceptive and extremely useful. I have been touched by his story, his writings and by his work. I can't imagine anyone not being so."
Barry Shapiro, Los Angeles, CA, USA
"Lorenzo…has a passion for life, photography and writing. He is a linguistic genius, a storyteller through words and pictures. He captures with his camera the world as he sees it, its feelings, love, beauty and all it has to offer..."
Brenda George, Adelaide, Australia
NOTE: As with most of Lorenzo's other books, 25 Lessons I've Learned is currently being sold wholly at cost to prospective buyers, readers and all those who likely will enjoy and be inspired by this important story about life.
25 Lessons, the kindle version, has been Amazon.com's #1 best-selling photo essay in 2010.
Features & Details
- Category Biographies & Memoirs
5×8 in, 13×20 cm
116 Pages
- Publish Date Dec 18, 2008
- Tags how to, street photography, New York City, 25 Lessons I've Learned, 25 Lessons, self-determination, NY, lorenzodom, lorenzo, memoir, photography, inspiration, inspirational
About the Creator
Lorenzo is an expert and author on street photography, and an award-winning street photographer. As the Photography Examiner for New York for the Examiner.com, Lorenzo chronicles what's up, what's new and what's notable in the world of photography in NYC. In 2008, he was chosen to be the HP Be Brilliant Featured Artist and he became the best-selling author of 25 Lessons I've Learned (about photography). Since taking up digital photography in 2005, his photography has been featured in fotoMAGAZIN, Germany's premier photo magazine, and his photos have been cited and published by over 350 other blogs, websites, and print publications. Today, Lorenzo has over 30,000 photographs on flickr.com—where his photos have been seen over 6 million times and where he ranks as one of the site's most popular photographers. He has been called an "Internet photography sensation" by Time Out New York and is considered a "Flickr star" by Rob Walker, Consumed columnist, for the New York Times.
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Phyllis Johnson Photographer Lorenzo Dominguez has the uncanny ability to find beauty in his surroundings. Also gifted in the use of words, his book, 25 Lessons I've Learned (about photography), (blurb.com) is much more than the typical tech manual on photography. It's more like a roadmap for using your heart, soul and senses to capture images through the lens of a camera.
When a change in life events had him soul searching, Lorenzo took to the streets of New York with his camera, photographing every night using his digital "point-and-shoot" cameras. He was mesmerized by the color and movement of the city and feels that "pictures see what we do not see." His mantra is that the craft is liberating and everything possesses its own beauty. He stresses the allure of black and white images because they emphasize form. Inspired by paintings of the masters, they train his eye for the use of color in photos.
"25 Lessons I've Learned (about photography) rekindles passion in photographers and photojournalists. Reading Lorenzo's advice can spark and stir the Muse to grand proportions. He offers strong advice to always have your camera ready to shoot. He also advises shutterbugs to employ their imagination and see the world with child-like eyes. One main ingredient he specifically looks for in his subjects is attitude. This is apparent in many of his photos. The choice of backgrounds is as important as the people in them. Read his book and you will fall in love not only with photography but also in the area in which you live, regardless of its socioeconomic standing.
Serving as a mentor, Lorenzo covers the importance of persevering, staying calm and seizing the moment. Any successful person can confirm this. His eye for the unusual, results in extraordinary shots worthy of emulation. From contrast to optical illusion, he inspires others to lighten up and think outside of the box.
Photographing the Big Apple, a city with "aesthetic milk and honey," he found that it offered him endless wells of inspiration. An honest and often candid view of life is what he peddles on Flickr, a photo sharing site, and elsewhere. His desire is to help others do the same. He challenges fellow photographers to "make something out of nothing." It's a thought that sounds Seinfeld-like in sentiment. Perhaps there's a kinship with the show about nothing; he likewise emphasizes the importance of employing humor in the craft.
25 Lessons Learned (in Photography) will fire you up to dust off your camera and hit the street running. You will gain a fresh perspective on seeing things you've never noticed before or previously took for granted. Not only is his book valuable for writers and photographers, but anyone who needs a fresh outlook on life.
Phyllis Johnson- photojournalist and author www.phyllisjohnson.net


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iPads for Christmas
Steve Jones
, 2010/12/13
There's a contest going on, today through Friday, and you can win a copy of
SQL Monitor
from my employer Red Gate Software.
Oh yeah, in order to use your new software
like we do at SQLServerCentral
, we'll send you an iPad as well. A 16GB, 3G, iPad.
You can read about the contest in
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An open letter to Indian Land Middle School administration and teachers:
After 12 years in Charlotte, my family finally decided to move "south of the border" last year. Our main priority was finding a home that would position our girls for the perfect middle and future high schools.
Our world has seen the most dramatic changes in the past 100 years. We have gone from the horse and buggy to a vehicle wandering the surface of Mars.
I would also add social advancements to the long list of technological ones, but we still have certain areas where improvement must happen.
Specifically, I refer to language.
I am a recent graduate of the 2017 Learning Lancaster Civics Course provided by Lancaster County.
This course was educational, enjoyable and overall a great experience. I have learned so much regarding Lancaster County – how it works, where and how it spends our tax dollars, and what services it offers.
I am a public school special education teacher. This month President Trump revealed he wants to cut public education funding and to end the Loan Forgiveness Plan for Teachers who teach in high-need areas and in high-need schools.
I do not think it is acceptable to end this program when over 500,000 public employees are about to receive our forgiveness during the next fiscal year. The program was started in order to recruit more teachers and to combat the rising cost of higher education.
After World War II, a fierce but civil rivalry developed between Birmingham and Atlanta as to which would become the unofficial "Capital of the South."
Founded in 1871, Birmingham was a coal and steel town with much of the ownership of the principal industries being in Pittsburgh and other Northern cities. The city's symbol was and is a large statue of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and the forge. In 1950, the city's population was 326,000.
Editor's note: Breanna Pittman, a senior at Andrew Jackson High School, is graduating with the highest GPA in the Lancaster County School District. Here are excerpts from her speech at the county's Celebration of Excellence this month.
Tonight I want to talk about a topic that many people overlook and others just choose to ignore – failure.
Failure is inevitable. It will happen at least once in every person's life. Most of the time you don't even see it coming, and it hits you like a freight train.
The Lancaster County Youth Leadership program graduated 38 students this month. The program, a collaboration between the Lancaster County Chamber of Commerce and the Lancaster County School District, is designed to teach leadership skills and raise awareness of job opportunities and community challenges in Lancaster County, in hopes that these students will return to Lancaster after graduating from college to live and work.
I am writing in response Sunday's column by Athena Redmond, headlined "I'm no fan of the Confederate flag, but I offer this narrow defense of it."
One thing about the Confederate flag – you are either for it or against it. You can't be both. Don't be a fence swinger. Either be on the left or the right side of anything, but not in the middle.
Copyright © 2017
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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THE SQL Server Blog Spot on the Web
I'm also locked in to present a one day "SQL 2k8 for Developers" preconference session and three conference sessions for DevWeek in London in March, along with a number of my colleagues from Solid Quality: Itzik Ben-Gan and Javier Loria. I'm really looking forward to it and would love to catch up with any SQL locals while there. Details are at the DevWeek site: http://www.devweek.com.
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Albon E. ''Al'' Allen, 83, of 1010 Macon Highway died Thursday, Feb. 3, 2000.
A lifelong resident of Clarke County, Mr. Allen was a son of the late William N. and Jessie Crow Allen. He worked in the automobile business and was retired from Heyward Allen Motor Co. He was a U.S. Army veteran of World War II and was a member of Princeton United Methodist Church.
Services will be at 3 p.m. today at Lord and Stephens Funeral Home, West, with the Rev. Russell Repetske officiating. Burial will be in Evergreen Memorial Park.
Survivors include his wife, Evelyn T. Allen; two sons, Larry G. Allen, Watkinsville, and Bob Allen, Colbert; a sister, Agnes Davis, Athens; a brother, Clarence Allen, Athens; and three grandchildren.
Pallbearers will be Glenn Allen, Joshua T. Allen, David Hutchinson, Ricky Allen, Jamey Harrison and Bob Thomas.
In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made to a charity of the donor's choice.
The family will receive friends from 2-3 p.m. today at the funeral home.
Athens Daily News/Banner-Herald
Saturday, Feb. 5, 2000
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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BALTIMORE ( Stockpickr) -- Put down the 10-K filings and the stock screeners. It's time to take a break from the traditional methods of generating investment ideas. Instead, let the crowd do it for you. >>5 Big Stocks to Trade for Big Gains From hedge funds to individual investors, scores of market participants are turning to social media to figure out which stocks are worth watching. It's a concept that's known as "crowdsourcing," and it uses the masses to identify emerging trends in the market. Crowdsourcing has long been a popular tool for the advertising industry, but it also makes a lot of sense as an investment tool. After all, the market is completely driven by the supply and demand, so it can be valuable to see what names are trending among the crowd. While some fund managers are already trying to leverage social media resources like Twitter to find algorithmic trading opportunities, for most investors, crowdsourcing works best as a starting point for investors who want a starting point in their analysis. Today, we'll leverage the power of the crowd to take a look at some of the most active stocks on the market today. >>5 Stocks Under $10 Set to Soar These "most active" names are the most heavily-traded names on the market -- and often, uber-active names have some sort of a technical or fundamental catalyst driving investors' attention on shares. That's especially true now that earnings season is officially underway. And when there's a big catalyst, there's often a trading opportunity. Without further ado, here's a look at today's stocks. Sirius XM Radio Nearest Resistance: $4.20
Nearest Support: $3.80
Catalyst: Earnings >>5 Stocks Poised to Pop on Bullish Earnings Shares of satellite radio stock Sirius XM Radio ( SIRI) are trading more than 1.5% lower this afternoon, following the firm's mixed third-quarter earnings release this morning. SIRI added more than a half-million subscribers in the quarter, boosting its total subscriber count to 25.6 million listeners, a record high. Net income fell more or less in line with analysts' estimates, but 2014 guidance fell short, which is why shares are showing traders a modest decline. From a technical standpoint, SIRI still looks bullish. Shares are pulling back down to trendline support at the 50-day moving average, a level that's acted as a floor for shares since the middle of the summer. For investors in search of a good entry opportunity, it doesn't get much better than this.


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Mary Kay by BDazzle
Stone Mountain, GA
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About this pro
How does your service stand out?
I'm unique because my main focus is YOUR desire and vision. I am more concerned about what YOU like and how YOU feel. At no point will it EVER be about me other than performing the services requested.
What do you enjoy about the work you do?
I LOVE MAKING OTHERS FEEL BEAUTIFUL!!! Being 'made-over' will change the way a lady presents herself to the world, but (most importantly) she views herself in a different light. I love that being a MAKEUP ARTIST gives people the confidence they need to be successful in whatever it is that they are doing.
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Here's a price list for my most requested services... Go All Out with my Total Makeover $70 includes: Foundation and Powder Brow Contouring ($5 extra for arching) Eye Shadow (two colors) Lips Blush Strip Lashes **$10 extra for Individual Lashes Try a New Look with a Mini Makeover $50 includes: Powder Brow Contouring ($5 extra for arching) Eye Shadow (one color) Lips Strip Lashes **$10 extra for Individual Lashes All About the Eyes Makeover $30 includes: Brow Contouring ($5 extra for arching) Eye Shadow (two colors) Strip Lashes **$10 extra for Individual Lashes
What education and/or training do you have that relates to your work?
I LOVE being a Mary Kay Independent Beauty Consultant! She provides you with EVERYTHING you need to be a SUCCESS! With so many videos and audio in my possession; I am never behind in the art of makeup.
How did you get started doing this type of work?
My mother was big on appearance! She made sure I possessed all things needed to keep me presentable. EVERY SUNDAY I was getting my hair braided by the neighborhood Hair Braider. (Lol. Memories). She was also a loyal Avon fan when I was about 7. Whenever she placed an order; she received samples. She always got for me some lip tint and smell goods. This is where it ALL began. I grew up having a passion for BOTH hair and makeup.
What types of customers have you worked with?
The most common artistry I perform are my Total Makeovers. For just $70 you receive: Foundation and Powder, Brow Contouring/Fill-in, Eye Shadow (up to 3 colors), Lips, Blush, and Strip Lash application. One FULL application for a Diva to look her ABSOLUTE BEST! Price:$70 **$20 extra for Individual Lashes I also perform vow renewal ceremonies, proms, birthday makeovers, weddings, and just the everyday working Lady who would love to just pamper herself.
Describe a recent project you are fond of. How long did it take?
One of my favorite Mary Kay saying is that "All women are wearing shirts that says, "Make Me Feel Important". 58,808! ThatâÃÂÃÂs the new Mary Kay record for the most number of makeovers conducted in 24 hours! ThatâÃÂÃÂs right âÃÂàduring the Mary KayÃÂî Makeover Day on March 8, 58,808 women attended events in your homes, training centers and the live event at our World Headquarters in Dallas! What an amazing number! And hereâÃÂÃÂs another amazing numberâÃÂæ. 11,640, the number of Independent Beauty Consultants who participated in the makeover day!
What advice would you give a customer looking to hire a provider in your area of work?
You should hire me because I OWN my passion as a Makeup Artist and Beauty Consultant! My passion pulls from my love for making others feel beautiful about themselves. I am very professional and young lady with a belief that YOU are my reason for existing. It is you that I am here to serve. By allowing me to provide my passion to you; it gives me the drive to continue in my duty as servant to others.
What questions should customers think through before talking to professionals about their project?
Everyone is beautiful! You don't necessarily have to wear makeup to be beautiful, however you shouldn't be afraid of it either. I am the one makeup artist who loves to show women ways to wear makeup and still look natural and not 'made up'. I am also a Mary Kay Beauty Consultant so I specialize in maintenance of skin care. We as women should care more about our appearance because the saying is so: "The First Impression Creates A Lasting Impression!" Let's work together to always make this quote true...EVERYDAY!!!
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PEARLAND, Texas - Students and teachers held a moment of silence at Dawson High School on Thursday to mourn the loss of one of their own.
Pearland police said Folabi Akanbi died Wednesday at Silverlake Elementary, 2550 County Road 90.
Officials said the 17-year-old collapsed on the playground court during a pick-up basketball game with friends. Paramedics took Akanbi to Memorial Hermann, where he was pronounced dead, investigators said.
As flags flew at half-mast at Dawson High School one day later, a crowd clad in black gathered to mourn the loss of Number 79 on the Dawson Eagles team.
A makeshift memorial started around the parking spot the teen's car occupied one day before. Classmates left behind letter jackets, cleats, flowers, and notes.
The standout lineman was well on his way to a promising future. He recently signed a letter of intent play football for Montana State.
Counselors have been made available to talk with students during this difficult time.
Details on an official memorial have not yet been released.
Copyright 2013 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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$2.50 Sale: $2.24
Item Discontinued
After Cindy & I finished visiting the Jimi Hendrix Memorial we stopped by my house to drop off her luggage and visited for a bit & then we were off to Issaquah WA. before heading up to Snoqualmie Falls.
The journaling reads: "Next stop... Issaquah. I drove Cindy around showing her the places that I lived, my parents lived, & we visited my husbands 95 yo G.ma Arlene. One of the places Cindy just had to go was McDonald's because it has a fireplace inside."
There's an inside joke with all the pictures of the toes, how it got started & why we did that. But that's for another LO where I'll explain it in detail.
Thanks for looking!
$0.93 $0.74
$0.79 $0.44
$2.50 $2.24
$2.49 $1.87


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"Let it go! Let it go! Can't hold it back anymore…"
And in 11 words I have every reader doing one of two things—cringing that they will now have that song in their heads the rest of the day, or thinking of their child/grandchild singing this song with pure joy over and over and over again!
How did Disney's "Frozen" do it? In addition to shattering box office records exceeding $1 billion in revenue worldwide, holding sixth place for highest-grossing movie of all time, this movie seems to be magical. In my household, an animated girl who shoots frozen fractals out of her hands can make a 5-year-old clean her room, not fuss during teeth brushing and prompt her into the best behavior in order to get yet another chance to watch this movie. In fact, we never even bought a sweater for her this winter because she runs around declaring, "the cold never bothered me anyway!"… Braids are back in style… And the soundtrack, seemingly singing largely about ice, is a billboard chart topper at 2.1 million copies.
Amazing. Or is it? It does not take much examination to see that there are very basic marketing fundamentals at work in this movie that we could apply to our businesses this summer to replicate this contagious attraction.
Here are a few observations I have gathered:
It's simple: The story is really just about two girls and ice but they create much impact.
Often firms spend a lot of time (and money) attempting to make their marketing such that has never been seen before and in doing so it is not authentic and can even be confusing. Explore the practices you take for granted every day, the stories that live inside your 4 walls that make your firm what it is, and begin with that. What makes your business successful is probably quite simple—the key to successful marketing is taking that simple concept and playing it out creatively, consistently and continuously so it "sticks" in the minds of your clients and prospects.
It's sentimental: Who doesn't have a childhood memory of playing with a sibling/friend and then that relationship changes?
Every firm has a history and a position in the marketplace to which they can credit their success. As you change and grow, your marketing efforts need to communicate what has changed—do not assume prospects, or even your clients, know. Also, take an emotional approach to your marketing—play on the sentimental appeal of your audience. Some things to consider are photos that vividly depict what life looks like when your form has been involved (the end result) or a campaign that reckons back to a simple time.
Unexplainable Enthusiasm: Even in the midst of tragedy, a snowman who loves heat can be counted on for levity.
Marketing goes well beyond the website you produce and the collateral you distribute. Marketing is a behavior at its core and that behavior must be clear and consistent to build a "brand" around that. Do you/your colleagues bring energy and enthusiasm to the project/deal/client even when there are issues or conflicts? After the project is completed, true marketing strategy asks, "Was it an enjoyable experience?" and if not, how can we change that to make it better?
Self-empowerment: …Have you heard the song? Clearly, this is the key theme.
Your marketing needs to capture the true talent, possibility, power and strength of your organization. Often, we mistake marketing for sending out an eblast on your latest transaction, getting an up-to-date website and sponsoring an event where our client base is likely to be, while missing the real story that you should be marketing. What makes you an admired company? How are you different? What do you solve for a client? Market that with passion.
Honesty: This movie was filled with honest feedback from friends, family and strangers.
We could use more honest conversations from our internal team, our clients, competitors and trusted advisors. This feedback is great material to build our marketing efforts because we can capitalize on what makes us unique, appreciated and valued. In the absence of these conversations or structured feedback, we are making it up and that never results in authentic marketing.
Lasting things do not happen over night: There is bewilderment that Anna wants to marry a man she just met—it is just not realistic.
And often our expectations for marketing results are not either. After a marketing campaign has been redefined and restructured, let the results unfold as the momentum grows. If you take an approach of analysis of every marketing action and the direct result to sales, it is discouraging and defeating to the entire program. Make a commitment to a timeframe to evaluate the success as a whole, including strengthening your brand, clarity of your firm's offerings and building your prospecting opportunities.
While I have no expectation of building a snowman in June in Phoenix, I do believe we can take a refreshed approach to our marketing to make it highly memorable and effective. The beauty is that sticking to fundamentals of marketing and being creative with your approach does not cost more.
Danielle Feroleto is the president of Small Giants LLC, specializing in marketing and business development services for the commercial real estate, architectural and construction industries. For additional information please contact her at 602-314-5549 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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One More Time (Honey) came from a family who rescued her from a life tied to a tractor in a field. She was thin, wormy and nursing a foal (who later passed away). They rehabilitated her and brought her here for us to find her a FOREVER-ONLY home. Shes healthy, happy and MAN is she an fantastic little trail horse! Shes smooth as butter to ride and will take you anywhere you want to go! Great ground manners, the kids can ride her in the round pen and can take her camping on the weekends, but shes sturdy enough that an adult can ride as well!... (read more)
Watch Sold!! One More Time - 2002 14.1 Gaited Spotted Saddle Pony Mare - FOR Sale!!
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We outbid the meatmen at auctions to save horses, ponies, donkeys & mules from slaughter in Canada. After they come home, they're rehabilitated, retrained, and rehomed to families that will love and appreciate them for the rest of their lives!
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Oh, to be nine months old and dressed like a fairy tale princess! Baby Maddie didn't get to dress up like just one princess either; she had a whole day of donning costumes during her photography session. Her mom found the set pieces and costumes and worked closely with the photographer to set up a variety of scenes from Snow White to Cinderella to Little Red Riding Hood. The kid looks adorable as can be, and I'm jealous of her outfit changes and new princess wardrobe!
Photographed by Wendi Riggens.
Check out more photos from the shoot after the break.
(Laughing Squid via Neatorama)


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As worn by Taylor Swift
The Pave Moon Choker Necklace features a delicate Crescent Moon Talisman charm created from an original Sequin illustration. Queen of the night, the divine moon is illuminating, bringing clarity and reflection.
Pendant drop length is 0.50".
Black ribbon necklace measures 0.25" x 11" with lobster claw clasp and a 3" extender.
Materials: 22K gold-dipped with antique finish and crystal details; velvet ribbon.
Designed & handcrafted in the USA with components from around the world.


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CROUCHING TIGER HIDDEN DRAGON Is Getting a Sequel!
The Weinstein Company is developing a sequel to the classically awesome Ang Lee directed martial arts film Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon! The film production will start shooting in this coming May in Asia. The script for the film was written by John Fusco (Young Guns, Hidalgo, The Forbidden Kingdom), and the studio is looking at hiring Chinese director Ronny Yu (Warriors of Virtue, Bride of Chucky, Freddy Vs. Jason, Fearless) to develop the project, so Ang Lee won't be back to continue the franchise.
The movie is based on the same material for the Academy Award winning film. According to Deadline, it's based on Silver Vase, Iron Knight, which is the fifth book in the Crane-Iron Pentalogy by Wang Du Lu. Crouching Tiger was based on the fourth book in the series. Fusco had this to say in a statement,
This was an opportunity to explore a lifelong passion I've had for Wu Sia, and if there wasn't continuing source material, I would never have gotten involved.
The sequel revolves around the character Yu Shu Lien, who was played by Michelle Yeoh in the original film. There's no word on if any of the actors will be reprising their roles though. Fusco also went on to explain,
This introduces a new generation of star-crossed lovers, and a new series of antagonists in a battle of good and evil. It has a Knights Errant quality. There is an alternate universe in the books, a martial forest that exists alongside the real world, full of wandering sword fighters, medicine men, defrocked priests, poets, sorcerers and Shaolin renegades. It's so vast and rich, and I found characters from the second and third books in the series to create a most interesting stew while being as true to the source material as I could be.
As soon as the director officially signs on they will start casting the movie. I absolutely loved the first film, and I hope the sequel ends up being just as awesomely majestic. It has to have the same quality of production value as the first film. Anything less than that would be a shame. I'm excited to see how it turns out!


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Apple iPod Nano (old)
Because the newer 'fat' nano's have been released the older versions of this tiny music player can now be had for bargain prices. Sure the newer nano's have a larger screen, but it is still too tiny to watch a movie or tv show from comfortably. The surface of the older nano's do scratch easily but it's a small price to pay since these are going for so cheap now.
I never travel without my iPad. Now my work, reading material, music and movies are all in one spot!Tags: gifts, computers, electronics, books, ipod, movies, music, color, technologyAdded 6 Years Ago from Apple
good product
It's an Iphone.. need I say more :)
We ordered a dozen custom ipods branded with our logo. The service was amazing and the product got a lot of compliments from our friends and customers. Thanks Colorware. You guys rock!Tags: gifts, computers, phones, ipod, color, technology, gadgets, guitars, cell phonesAdded 10 Years Ago from Colorwarepc


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U.N. Ambassador Susan Rice says China and Russia are running of risk of suffering the same sort of international isolation as Syria's Bashar Assad because of their decision to block a U.N. Security Council vote embracing an Arab League solution for the Syrian crisis.
Rice says in a nationally broadcast interview she thinks both Moscow and Beijing "will come to regret" their votes Saturday against the Arab League-sponsored resolution aimed at moving Assad in the direction of a peaceful transition to democracy in his violence-wracked country.
Rice tells "CBS This Morning" she shares Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's view that the failed vote in the Security Council was a "travesty" and said the United States will continue to step up pressure for Assad to step aside.


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Aug '08 - May '09
I wrote a paper in the fall for the international U.C. Berkeley prize in architecture.
[ did anyone else submit a paper to this competition? If so, I'd really like to read it. I'm curious what other people wrote about. Please post it here if it fits in the comments, or post a link to it.]
I just learned on Saturday that I was awarded second place in the essay competition. I have no idea how many entries there were, but in past years there have typically been over 120 essays submitted, which makes me feel good.
And I learned a few weeks ago that I was awarded a travel fellowship from them too, so I'm going to get to travel to London & Dublin to study several buildings I proposed and to participate in a brick volunteering extravagaanza to help rebuild the Cotswall canals [its a long story].
2nd place + 3rd place = 1st place? I'm not sure either.
Its good news either way, and frankly I'm just happy that the little thoughts that flood my brain are being articulated into something that evidently has legs to stand on. For years I've just thought I was crazy.
You can read the 2nd place paper here [I hear its actually not boring. Even my parents who have no interest in architecture enjoyed reading it, which was the real test]: http://brickmasonry.blogspot.com/2009/03/paper-submitted-to-berkeley-essay.html
And read about the architecture travel fellowship that I'll be doing in August here:
well done!
Hi Tyler,
Congrats firstly on the prizes. Secondly, I was wondering if you could give me so insight on what school is like at Dalhousie? I am tying to decide rgiht now between two schools, Dalhousie being one. I noticed on your blog before that you are LEED certified. What do you think of Dalhousie in terms of sustainability research/innovation, do they incorporate it into their teaching, is it a given, or is it not really emphasized? Also would you recommend the program in general in terms of facilites/teaching/support/resources?
I would love to hear some/any of your thoughts, if you have time. My email is email@example.com Thanks!
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My experiences in Halifax in the Bachelor of Environmental Design program.


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May favorite answers to "Why do you do Ironman?"
"I'm probably a little crazy."
"I want to fulfill my potential."
"I do Ironman because I can and others can't."
This video is one hell of a motivating promo for the race! Makes me lose all sense and run out and sign up!
I can see the side of my head for a half second, and several other club members made the video. The guy who says, "I design space ships." was my triathlon club's President last year. :)


text: Not concerned about any specific players yet and won't be for a while. I am really concerned that the organization is once again 29th in overall record, right where they were last year. A losing mentality is a hard thing to overcome. You see those late inning blunders from losing teams that cost games. When a teams believes it is bad, they usually find a way to lose. You don't want your prospects developing in that kind of culture. I have said that before. Learning to win is as important as learning any other skill and we are missing out on that one, totally.


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Howard Moorey
Consultant in Wotton-under-Edge, United Kingdom
Howard Moorey
Consultant in Wotton-under-Edge, United Kingdom
30 years geeking around with Business Development in the Automotive & Finance Industries, now I get to be Social on the Net & help people too. Love it!
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Let's Connect: http://hojomo.com


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What does it mean that high fashion is (claiming to be) inspired by the homeless? What is going on when models trying to appear homeless are paraded up and down catwalks and photographed?
We've seen it on America's Next Top Model, we saw it in W, and now we see it at the Milan Fashion week with Vivienne Westwood's collection.
Models were not only dressed to look homeless. Their clothes were deliberately made to appear dusty and mismatched. Their messy hair and dirty faces were made up to look as if they were covered in frost. Some seemed to have been dressed so as to appear crazy.
They walked, sometimes less than gracefully, a catwalk covered in cardboard boxes. Sometimes they emerged from boxes and pushed shopping carts or carried sleeping bags or bedrolls.
Here's what it looked like (comments below):
So what is going on here? I'll hazard a few thoughts, but I'd also like to hear what y'all think in the comments.
1. Of course we have a trivialization of homelessness. As Tom & Lorenzo note:
…in the candy-colored world of Vivienne Westwood, homeless people are all young with great bodies, high cheekbones and flawless skin, and they all have super-styled hair and brightly colored clothes.
So homelessness is transported, by this show, into something hip adopted by the beautiful people. The painting of the men's bodies and faces to look like they are covered in frost is a particularly insensitive move. Some people actually are freezing to death, but at fashion week, it's just a cool look.
Westwood's press release about the collection stated that she:
…found inspiration in the roving vagrant whose daily get-up is a battle gear for the harsh weather conditions… Quilted bombers and snug hoodies also work well in keeping the vagrant warm.
Here the struggle involved with homelessness is reduced to having the right clothes. With a "snug hoodie," you can stay cozy.
2. Threadbared notes that high fashion's interest in homelessness is a way to soothe (liberal/class-induced) guilt. Homeless chic shows that you see these people; you may even admire them. And, more, you're able to see beyond their circumstances, filth, and frostbite to see beauty in them. Mimi writes that homeless chic:
…just becomes the occasion… to praise your own aesthetic judgment (in this language, finding beauty in ugliness) and moral sensitivity (and in this, magnanimously granting to the indigent Other a sense of humanity through their aestheticization).
3. Finally, dressing like a tramp is only fashionable when you have the choice to do otherwise. That is, actual homeless people are not and never will be "fashionable" in this sense; they will always simply be homeless. Threadbared, again, quoting Judith Williamson:
It is currently 'in' for the young and well-fed to go around in torn rags, but not for tramps to do so. In other words, the appropriation of other people's dress is fashionable provided it is perfectly clear that you are, in fact, different from whoever would normally wear such clothes.
So, dressing up like a homeless person is one way to demonstrate your difference from, not your similarity to, actual homeless people.Lisa Wade, PhD is a professor at Occidental College. She is the author of American Hookup, a book about college sexual culture, and a textbook about gender. You can follow her on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.


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FreakScore is a weighted average of all aggregated professional and user review scores. Read more
This product has a FreakScore of 4.4* out of 10 based on 3 scores.
*Score is uncertain and deviates toward category average due to low number of scores.
Progressive scan DVD player with HDMI up conversion. Plays Read more


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NEXT week the Daily Echo is publishing stories to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the start of The Great War on August 4.
On Wednesday our Echoes section will be a special WW1 edition, as will Saturday's Seven Days magazine, with features on the conflict from at home and abroad. Today we tell the story of Frederick Riggs, VC.
TWO former members of staff at a Bournemouth school have spoken of the 'emotional moment' they found a World War One soldier's final resting place.
Jill Clark and Yvonne Mountford, who both used to work at Malmesbury Park Primary School in Charminster, were inspired to make the journey to Northern France after reading a plaque in the school hall, commemorating Sergeant Frederick Riggs' brave service.
Sergeant Riggs of 6th battalion, the Royal York and Lancaster Regiment, was killed while leading his men against a German attack near the village of Epinoy in Northern France on the morning of October 1, 1918.
He led his platoon through strong uncut wire under severe fire and captured a machine gun, later handling two captured guns and caused the surrender of fifty enemy soldiers before he was sadly killed resisting an attack.
He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.
Sergeant Riggs had previously served in Gallipoli and Egypt, and had been awarded the Military Medal after being badly wounded during the Battle of the Somme in 1916. He also received the 1914-15 Star, the British War Medal, and the Victory Medal.
Born on July 28, 1888, he is described in the 1891 census as an orphan, living in Garfield Avenue, Springbourne.
In the 1901 Census, he is described as the son of Ann Riggs, who was living locally in lodgings.
According to the entry in the Commonwealth War Graves Commission roll of honour, he was the adopted son of Elizabeth Burgum, of 39 Capstone Road, Bournemouth, which is apparently borne out by the Burgum family records.
A pupil at Malmesbury Park School, he went to work at Pickfords, the removal company after leaving, before enlisting in the army in 1914.
It was the bronze plaque in the school hall which led both Mrs Clark and Mrs Mountford to discover his name was one of more than 9,000 recorded on the memorial at Vis-en-Artois, on the Arras-Cambrai road and close to the spot where he tragically died.
After visiting the cemetery, Jill said: "We feel we have in a very small way said our thanks not only to Frederick Riggs but also to all our countrymen who died fighting in this terrible war."
Yvonne added: "It is important that everyone is aware of how they suffered in their struggle for freedom."
The house at 39 Capstone Road was demolished some years ago, but a blue commemorative plaque has been place on the wall at Number 45.
Sergeant Riggs is also commemorated by Riggs Gardens at Wallisdown.


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Property damage from a storm, fire or flood occurs regularly in Houston. Homeowners are left feeling overwhelmed and usually don't know where to start.
After the clean up process has been performed it's now time to start renovating your home. If you have questions about how to do the clean up yourself, here's an article that offers instructions.
A common concern we hear from homeowners that have experienced a loss to their home caused by fire, storm or flooding is how stressful, frustrating and even intimating (for some), the process was dealing with their insurance company.
Our main priority is to help make the process for you as painless as possible considering the circumstances.
We can work directly with your insurance to return calls, send pictures, answer the many questions they'll have, send documents and correspondents via email.
Another common concern most homeowners are faced with is how to find the right contractor to repair their fire, storm or water damaged home.
When choosing a contractor to repair your home finding the lowest bid should not be your main priority.
Many homeowners select a contractor on price and then wonder why the quality of work is lacking, their ability to move the project along in a timely manner is challenging, or something as simple as showing up to work on a daily basis becomes a problem.
Before calling a contractor to restore your home you should have at the very least, a written list of questions that you will be asking in the meeting. Most homeowners fail to ask the same questions in each meeting and will usually realize later (when they're not happy) they "assumed" the contractor who they hired had the same amount of insurance, warranty or protocol for unforeseen property damages.
Fire Damage Pictures Storm/ Water Damage Pictures


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Voi Jeans Windrunner Jacket11th February 2013
A great lightweight jacket from Voi Jeans so we can kid ourselves that winter is going and we don't need a great big thick coat.
Available in sizes small to XXL. Also available in a negative colour switch of mainly grey with blue trim here.
Plenty more Voi Jeans items here.
This Voi Jeans Windrunner Jacket is £50 and delivery is £4.
Scotts Online – online menswear store stocking a solid range of designer brands in an easy-to-use site with free shipping over £50.


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- Score:
- rated 4.37 / 5 stars
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- 60,206 Views
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- Genre:
- Comedy - Original
- sticks
- spider
- powers
Credits & Info
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- May 1, 2010 | 1:06 AM EDT
If you liked this, check these out!
Author Comments
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This series is just too good.
this proves it doesnt take great drawing skills to make a great show. Comedy and just the style fit soo well together. I keep wondering if the one armed guy is going to get bit. Although i have a feeling either nothing is going to happen or he gets an armm on the same side. Still its halerious and everything flows well together 10 of 10 Good Game and keep it up
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I love it.
Wow that so Perfect. I feel so bad for the guy with horns.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Great job
LOL he got paired up with Lefty
Rated 5 / 5 stars
things you make happen make me laugh...
This vid is awesome. Randomly awesome. Dude you are up there with my favs! Keep at it! (cuz if you dont ill die)
Rated 5 / 5 stars
You are so promoted!
i love all of the spider powers videos, and it just keeps getting better


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Kourtney Kardashian and Scott Disick may be on better terms now, but as a new clip from Kourtney and Kim Take New York shows, it was a long road to their reunion.
In the clip from the Kardashians' new E! series, Kim fumes when Kourtney, 31, and Scott, 27, reunite while in New York -- and pack on the PDA.
"This is not even what I signed up for," Kim, 30, snipes after Kourtney reveals her beau is moving into the sisters' posh NYC pad. "This was supposed to be our alone time together." (Watch a clip above)
Kourtney and Kim Take New York premieres January 23 at 10 p.m. (EST) on E!