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Manziel leads Aggies to victory
ARLINGTON, Texas — Johnny Manziel tiptoed the sideline for a 23-yard touchdown on Texas A&M's first drive of the game.
The Heisman Trophy-winning quarterback known as Johnny Football and the 10th-ranked Aggies were just getting warmed up in the Cotton Bowl. There were plenty more highlights after that nifty run.
In his first game since becoming the first freshman to win the Heisman, Manziel set a Cotton Bowl-record with 516 total yards and accounted for four TDs as the Aggies capped their first SEC season with a 41-13 win over 12th-ranked Oklahoma on Friday night.
With first-year coach Kevin Sumlin and their young star quarterback, the Aggies (11-2) fit right in with the SEC after leaving the Big 12. They broke the SEC record with their 7,261 total yards this season (the first over 7,000 after 633 in Cowboys Stadium). They also averaged more than 40 points a game.
And they capped their debut season with an overwhelming victory in the only postseason game matching teams from those power conferences. It is the Aggies' first 11-win season since 1998, when they won their only Big 12 title.
The chants of "S-E-C!, S-E-C!" began after Manziel's 33-yard TD pass to Ryan Swope with 4 minutes left in the third quarter for a 34-13 lead. They got louder and longer after that.
Texas A&M led by only a point at halftime, but scored on its first three drives of the second half — on drives of 91 and 89 yards before Swope's score on a fourth-and-5 play.
Oklahoma (10-3), which like the Aggies entered the game with a five-game winning streak, went three-and-out on its first three drives after halftime.
SEC teams have won the last five Cotton Bowls, all against Big 12 teams, and nine out of 10. That included Texas A&M's loss to LSU two years ago.
Manziel set an FBS bowl record with his 229 yards rushing on 17 carries and completed 22 of 34 passes for 287 yards.
Oklahoma, led by quarterback Landry Jones in his 50th career start, had only 312 total yards.
Jones completed 35 of 48 passes for 278 yards with a touchdown and an interception. He won 39 games and three bowls for the Sooners. His career started on the same field in the 2009 season opener when he replaced injured Heisman winner Sam Bradford in the first college game played at Cowboys Stadium.
Already with a 24-yard gain on an earlier third down, the Aggies had third-and-9 on their opening drive when Manziel rolled to his left and took off. When he juked around a defender and got near the sideline, he tiptoed to stay in bounds and punctuated his score with a high-step over the pylon for a quick lead.
Officials reviewed the touchdown play, but it was clear by the replay shown on the huge video screen above the Cowboys Stadium field that Manziel stayed inbounds.
Manziel added a 5-yard TD run on a bootleg play in the second quarter, and capped the scoring with a 34-yard pass to Uzoma Nwachukwu with 9 minutes left in the game.
The first TD run was Manziel's school-record 20th of the season. He became only the fourth FBS quarterback with 20 TDs rushing and 20 passing in the same season.
The other 20-20 quarterbacks were Auburn's Cam Newton and Florida's Tim Tebow, who like Manziel are Heisman winners from the SEC, and Nevada's Colin Kaepernick.


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After uncovering an illegal deal, the European Union ruled that Apple pay over $14.5 billion in back taxes to Ireland. The EU's antitrust regulator found that the country and the tech giant had made an agreement that allowed Apple to pay less than 1 percent in corporate tax for over a decade. Apple plans to appeal the decision. Hari Sreenivasan speaks with EU Commissioner Margrethe Vestager. Continue reading
Anti-trust authorities have been active of late: several big merger deals have been stopped dead in their tracks. Continue reading
Comcast announced Thursday its plans to acquire Time Warner Cable in a $45.2 billion deal that would merge the top two U.S. cable operators. Continue reading
The Supreme Court has ruled that a sportswear company may proceed with its lawsuit against the National Football League. Ray Suarez talks to Marcia Coyle of the National Law Journal for more on what the case will mean for competition in the world of sports merchandise. Continue reading
The House Judiciary Committee voted Wednesday to revoke the health insurance industry's limited antitrust exemption, which exempts the industry from federal oversight of business practices such as price fixing. Continue reading
In other news, the Treasury Department called for a central electronic system to track risky financial instruments, including credit default swaps, and the Commerce Department reported retail sales fell for the second month in a row. Continue reading
The European Union leveled a record $1.45 billion fine on the Intel Corporation Wednesday for using illegal sale tactics to shut out its competition in the computer chip business after an eight-year antitrust probe. Continue reading
A proposed Delta-Northwest airline merger comes at a tumultuous time for an airline industry facing high fuel prices and questions over safety procedures. An airline analysts describes the possible implications of the mega-merger and whether consumers will benefit. Continue reading
Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson ruled that Microsoft violated federal antitrust laws by using its power to stifle competition and hurt consumers. Continue reading

subset: commoncrawl


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Spring Whale Watch
Robins are the harbingers of spring for some, but here in Oregon, our seasonal messengers are bigger, grayer and wetter.
Spring is marked by the great gray whale migration, when approximately 19,000 of these magnificent mammals make their way past the Oregon Coast on a 12,000-mile journey from Baja, Mexico, to the their summer feeding grounds in the Bering Sea.
The annual spring Whale Watch Week, sponsored by Oregon State Parks & Recreation Dept. and part of its Whale Watching Spoken Here program, takes place March 25-31, 2017. It's the perfect time to learn about these large sea creatures, which can be 40 to 50 feet long (12.2-15.2 meters) and weigh as much as 40 tons (36,287 kilograms).
During Whale Watching Week, trained volunteers are on hand at 24 locations to answer questions and help you find the best whale watching spots during the bi-annual Whale Watching Week. Keep your eyes peeled for 15-foot whale babies, born over the winter, swimming north with their mothers.
Visit the Whale Watching Center in Depoe Bay or the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport to learn about gray whales and their habits. You can also book a whale watching tour with one of the coast's charter companies.
Editor's Tip: For a great coastal hike with majestic views of migrating gray whales, check out the Cape Lookout Whale Hike.
about author Eileen Garvin
Eileen Garvin lives and writes in Hood River. When she's not hunched over her keyboard or digging in the garden, you can find her mountain biking, kiteboarding, hiking, skiing or camping somewhere in Oregon.
Is any of the information on this page incorrect?
These maps and directions are for planning purposes only. You may find that construction projects, traffic, or other events may cause road conditions to differ from the map results. For travel options, weather and road conditions, visit tripcheck.com, call 511 (in Oregon only), 800.977.6368 or 503.588.2941.
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Can you see whales the last week of September? says…
Planning a vacation the last week of Sept @ Depoe Bay. Will we be able to see whales?


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The animatronic raptor which will be used in upcoming fourth entry of 'Jurassic Park' movie series is seen in a warehouse.
A new picture from "Jurassic World" has just landed online. While the previous official stills didn't reveal much, this photo shows a first look at one of the creatures in the film. It shows Velociraptor in what seems to be a warehouse.
The photo was uploaded on the social media like Twitter and Instagram. "This is an actual Velociraptor for the upcoming film Jurassic World! #jurassicworld #dinosaur #universalstudios #StevenSpielberg #Velociraptor #HYPE," the caption reads.
The movie is directed and co-written by Colin Trevorrow. "Jurassic World takes place in a fully functional park on Isla Nublar. It sees more than 20,000 visitors every day. You arrive by ferry from Costa Rica. It has elements of a biological preserve, a safari, a zoo, and a theme park," he explained. He added, "There is a luxury resort with hotels, restaurants, nightlife and a golf course. And there are dinosaurs. Real ones. You can get closer to them than you ever imagined possible. It's the realization of John Hammond's dream, and I think you'll want to go there."
The fourth installment of "Jurassic Park" franchise will arrive in the U.S. on June 12, 2015. Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard play the lead roles. He portrays a scientist who's doing behavioral research on Velociraptors and trying to "figure out the limits of the relationship between these highly intelligent creatures and human beings."


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Chex The Partymakers
The front cover features a color picture of two drinks in front of a crystal bowl filled with Chex Mix against a black background. The title "Chex the Partymakers" is written in silver lettering at the top. The back cover is a plain black color with the printing information written in the lower right corner in white lettering. The front end page consists of a paragraph describing Chex cereal and a picture containing three boxes of Chex cereal. The following inside pages feature various recipes that are separated into five categories including Open House, Come as you are, Buffet, Come for dessert and Holiday fare. There a pictures of different recipes throughout the entire pamphlet. Some of the recipes that are depicted consist of Appetizer Meatballs, Cheese Crunchies, 7-UP Christmas Bowl, Party Mix, Western Chex Brittle, Orange Date Bread, Stuffed Eggplant, Peachy Pecan Cake and Wheat 'n Spice Doughnuts.View this piece: jpg pdf
Donor: Sliker, Shirley Brocker
Brand Name: Ralston, Purina, Bran Chex, Rice Chex, and Wheat Chex
Publisher: Ralston Purina Co. (St. Louis, Mo.)
1980 (ca.)
25 p.
21.6 x 14 cm
Language: English
Key Terms:
Copyright: Permission is granted from the copyright owner/holder.
Citation: Chex The Partymakers . The Alan and Shirley Brocker Sliker Collection, MSS 314, Special Collections, Michigan State University Libraries. Available at http://www.lib.msu.edu/exhibits/sliker/detail.jsp?id=7061


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Jim Carrey's New Model Girlfriend
Radar Online reports that the 49-year-old I Love You Philip Morris actor has found love again—with 24-year-old former America's Next Top Model contestant Anchal Joseph. The actor and his youthful new love interest were spotted in New York on Thursday night, walking hand-in-hand after watching a performance of the Laura Linney play Time Stands Still.
Joseph, who was born in New Delhi, India, was eliminated from the seventh season of ANTM, but continues to pursue a modeling career in New York.
To put the age difference in perspective, Carrey—who broke up with McCarthy, 38. last April—became a grandfather last year when his daughter, Jane, gave birth to a son. Jane is 23—a mere year younger than Joseph. Maybe he's trying to give Hugh Hefner a run for his money?
Check out Anchal working her stuff on ANTM in the video below. Do you think Carrey's new relationship is appropriate? Let us know in the comments section.
Photo: Splash News Online


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- You are here:
- Curry College - Home /
- Directory Bios /
- Donald B. Gratz
Donald B. Gratz
A.B. Wesleyan University
Ed.M. Harvard Graduate School of Education
Ph.D. Boston College
Currently Director of Graduate Programs in Education and Chair of the Education Department, Don Gratz has more than 35 years experience in both K-12 and college education. For more than a decade, he was Director of National School Reform for the Community Training and Assistance Center (CTAC) in Boston. In this capacity, he provided technical assistance and support to many school districts across the country in accountability and assessment, school improvement, community involvement and other areas. These districts included Cleveland, Ohio; Denver Colorado; Newark, New Jersey; Palm Beach County, Florida; Salt Lake City, Utah, and a range of districts in California. Among other activities, he also served as a professional evaluator in California's first Underperforming Schools initiative, and led the research teams for two national studies: a study of the takeover of the Newark Public Schools by the state of New Jersey, and a study of the Denver Public School's pilot of Pay for Performance for Teachers.
Dr. Gratz has written and spoken widely on educational issues, including charter schools, assessment, accountability and (most recently) performance-based pay for teachers. During the past year, he has presented to the National Education Association's Summit on Performance Pay in Washington, D.C., and the Mass. Association of School Personnel Administrators annual conference. His recent book is titled The Peril and Promise of Performance Pay (Rowman & Littlefield, 2009), in which he discusses the issues raised by the current drive towards paying teachers based on their performance. Recent articles include Looming Questions in Performance Pay (Phi Delta Kappan, May, 2010), The Problem with Performance Pay ((Educational Leadership, November, 2009), and Purpose and Performance in Teacher Performance Pay (Education Week, March 11, 2009). Some of his writing also appears in college textbooks and compendia.
In 2009, Dr. Gratz completed ten years as a member of the Needham, Massachusetts school committee, having served two terms each as vice chair and chair. He also served as Vice Chair of The Education Cooperative serving 19 communities south and west of Boston. He is currently a member of the Board of Governors for Quincy College in Quincy, Massachusetts. He has also been active in community development initiatives in the past, serving on a variety of boards such as the Jamaica Plain Neighborhood Development Corporation, the South Shore Welfare Advisory Board, an Office for Children local council, and similar organizations.
- View the complete Directory


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Coaching and developing frontline leaders
Social service organisations across Scotland are increasingly using coaching and mentoring as a means of supporting professional learning and development. Anne Tavendale, SSSC Adviser, ... Continue Reading →
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Connected learning in health and social care Are you up for a challenge? The Continuous Learning Framework (CLF) urges social services workers to take responsibility for their own ... Continue Reading →
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In today's rapidly changing world of work, learning is no longer a one-off exercise we do when gaining a qualification. More and more, we are expected to be able to adapt and take ... Continue Reading →
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SSSC Help CentreThe SSSC help centre is here to answer your questions on things that matter to you. In this issue Ian Fricker, SSSC Project Officer answers your questions about how ... Continue Reading →
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It is now four years since we published the Continuous Learning Framework (CLF). Since December 2008 you have given us lots of examples of how the CLF is making a positive difference ... Continue Reading →
Having a CLF conversation
The Continuous Learning Framework (CLF) sets out what people working in social services need to be able to do their jobs well now and in the future and what their employer needs to ... Continue Reading →
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Linda Paterson at Clackmannanshire Council tells us how they've integrated the Continuous Learning Framework (CLF) into their own performance review and development (PRD) system. Why ... Continue Reading →
Getting to the root of social work practice skills and personal capabilities
With the SSSC Continuous Learning Framework (CLF) rolling out in services across Scotland we aim to showcase how you're using it in practice, bringing you regular examples in SSSC ... Continue Reading →


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1194 Casimir the Just, dies suddenly (poisoning is suspected) and is replaced by his son Leszek (known later as Leszek the White)(*4)
Concerning the Szczerbiec- Details do not allow me to draw this more accurately but the Pommel shows a flowering vine, with the top vine sprouting a flower inside. The grip (or handle) has three sections: Top- is a dragon rampant facing dexter, Middle is a picture of the Madonna facing sinister, Bottom- is the image of a gryphon with a man's head facing (bearded) sinister (a banner stands in front and his left front paw rests on a cup or chalice). The left guard square- has a picture of christ facing dexter. The right guard square has a picture of an eagle displayed and facing sinister. The guard itself has leaves going from left square to right square and the writing is definitely Latin although not transcribable on this system. For a full black and white picture I suggest looking at pg 171 of the Area Handbook Series: Poland: A Country Study written by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress
1203 Jews allowed to own land in Galicia.
1205 The Order of Knights of the Sword was founded in Livonia, east of Prussia.(*1)
1207 Leszek the White places Poland under the Holy See. By doing such he placed Poland more into the system of the vassal kingdoms of the church which opposed the imperial power. (*4)
1210 was the year that the fourth Grandmaster of the Teutonic Knights was elected. It was Hermann von Salza, who transferred the order to Europe, first establishing it in Hungary and later in Prussia, where he laid the foundations for its power and settled the conditions according to which it rose and fell.(*1)
1214 Leszek attempts to ally regions of Catholic Kingdoms by marrying a Hungarian prince to a Polish Duke's daughter. Unfortunately, this event fails when Daniel (Son of Roman of Volynia and Halicz, a powerful prince who, first supported by Poland, perished in 1205 in a mysterious conflict with Leszek) secures the succession of his father.(*4)
1222 Henry The Bearded grants the Teutonic Order the village of Losice.
1224 Konrad of Masovia creates the Brothers of Dobryn. In that same year they were defeated terribly by Prussian forces.(*1)
1225 In his attempt to safeguard his lands from Prussian Barbarian invasions, Konrad of Masovia invites the Teutonic Order of Knights to settle on the Borders of Poland.(*3)
1226 Konrad enlists the aide of the Knights of the Cross in conversion of the Prussians. The German's accepted and intended to establish a great German state on the ruins of both Lithuania and Poland.(*1)
1227 Leszek attempted to force Prince Swientopelk to render hommage to him and as a result was killed by Swientopelk. Thus the dynastic throne was up for grabs.(*4). Election of Pope Gregory IX.
April 23, 1228 Prince Conrad of Mazovia donates the Chelmno Lands to the Order of Teutonic Knights but maintains the authority over the Knights.
1229 Because of Frederick II Hohenstaufen's entry into Jerusalem, the Archbishop of Caesarea places Jerusalem under Interdict.
1230 Members of the Teutonic Order plant themselves on the Vistula river and settle the city of Thorn (or Torun, Polish).
1231 Conrad of Mazovia encourages a small detachment of the Teutonic Knights to enter into the Prussian lands. This was the first step of the Order to decimate the Lettic Prussians and establish their own State.
December 28, 1233 The Chelmno Charter is created and grants the Chelmno city statutes. This is the first written document concerning Torun.
1234 A false document(*2) was prepared and presented by the Grand Master to Pope Gregory IX as the deed of donation from Konrad. This left Konrad in a rather difficult situation. In all reality, he had invited one of the largest powers in Europe into his lands and realized that they had taken the reign of power away from him in one swift blow.
1238 The Order of Knights of the Sword joins the Teutonic Knights under Grand Master Hermann Von Salza.
1239 The Franciscan monastery probably settled just outside the walls and established the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and other monastical buildings.
Princess Kinga, daughter of Hungarian King Bela IV was betrothed to Boleslaw the Bashful, prince of the Krakow-Sandomierz province.
1241 The Mongol Batu Khan, grandson of the terrible Genghis Khan, after the conquest of Russia, invaded and devastated southern Poland as far as Silesia. (*3). These individuals were also known as Tartars or Tatars.
Cracow was burned to the ground by the Mongols and they continued until they took most of Little Poland and Silesia(*11).
Description: The Tartars- The Tartars came through the world like a horde of wild beasts. they left not one thing alive nor one green blade of wheat standing. They were short, dark men of shaggy beards, and long hair twisted into little braids, and they rode on small horses which they covered with trophies that they had gained in war. Brave they were as lions, courageous they were as great dogs, but they had hearts of stone and knew not mercy, nor pity, nor tenderness, nor God. On their horses they carried round shields of leather and iron, and long spears often trailed from their saddles. About their shoulders and thighs they wore skins of animals. Some decorated their ears with golden rings-here and there one wore a gold ring in the nose. When they traveled, the dust rose high into the sky from beneath the hoofs of their little horses, and the thunder of the hoofbeats could be heard many miles away. They were so numerous that it tok days for the whole horde to pass any one given point, and for miles behind the army itself rumbled carts bearing slaves, provisions, and booty- usually gold.(*5)
Description: Trumpeter of krakow- He was a very young man, perhaps nineteen or twenty, and wore a dark cloth suit that was caught at the knees with buckles, like the knickerbockers of a later generation; dark, thick hose extended from the knees to the tops of his soft, pointed sandals, and a short coat falling just below the waist was held together in front by a belt. The head covering was of leather and something like a cowl; it fell clear to his shoulders and ran up over the head in such a way that only his face and a bit of hair were visible. (*5)
During the 12th century, Krakow's Jews prospered as merchants, traders and tax-farmers, and by century's end they were sufficiently important to have become mintmasters to princes, issuing coins with not only monarchs' names but also their own in Hebrew. Then in 1241, Mongol invasions so decimated Poland that its princes sought Western immigrants to repopulate their realm. These newcomers came primarily from Germany and brought with them their discriminatory guilds and their infectious hatred of the Jews.(*15)
1242 Wroclaw is chartered under German Law, Law of Magdeburg. Recognizes the corporation of Wroclaw.(*7)(*10). Prince Alexander Nevsky (Russian Prince) defeats the Teutonic Knights at Frozen Lake Peipus in Estonia (*10) Retreat of Tartars from Poland. Although the Mongols continue to plague Poland for the next 50 years. (*11)
1243 Boleslas V, called the Chaste becomes the uncontested master of Little Poland. It is also at this time that Konrad of Masovia and Henry of Silesia (called the Bearded) are the elder line of the Piasts.(*4) At the end of Frererick Barbarossa's reigh of the Teutonic Knights, he was more concerned about the fresh conflicts of Italy and in the Crusades as well as his conflicts with the Papacy. Later that year, Konrad of Masovia dies.
1252 First recorded knowledge of the Salt mines of Wieliczka. Evidence supports that at one time they were one of the principal sources of revenue to the Polish Kings.
1253 Stanislas, Bishop of Cracow, the victim of Boleslas the Bold, was canonized.
Poznan is chartered under German Law, Law of Magdeburg. Recognizes the corporation of Poznan.(*7)
1254 The celebration of Stanislas gathers the princes of Poland together in Cracow.
1255 Description-Boleslaw Wstydliwy wg pieczeci: The photograph depicts a knight in the Polish Military drawn on paper. The outfit he wears is a pyramid style helm with nose guard. He wears a full body suit of ringmail which covers his head and arms (howerver there are metal elbow guards included). The tunic he wears is sleeveless and goes to just below knee level. It has many folds and is gathered at the waste by a belt (roughly two fingers wide) There is a simple buckle and the belt drapes to below waist level using the "Dangle Tie" method.
The second belt worn over the tunic is attached high on his right hip (probably connected in some manner to the tunic gathering belt) and slopes down below his left hip where his sword is scabbarded. In his left arm he clutches the standard shield with the Polish Eagle emblazoned on the front (other references have shown the field of the shield to be red with the eagle turned left faced and done in white with black detailing).
His footwear is a knee length metal boot done in a series of scale bands which interlink either at the front or sides into a pair of pointed toed shoes. He is wearing spurs which seem to connect.(*4)
1257 Plans for the rebuilding of Cracow are started based on a system of grids.
Lajkonik pageant -- A traditional pageant connected with the history of the Tartar invasions of Cracow in the twelfth century. Legend says that a local bargeman, after defeating the chief of the Tartars, put on his clothes and triumphally entered the Main Market Square with an entourage during the Corpus Christi procession. To commemorate that event, the Lajkonik pageant sets off every year on the octave of Corpus Christi. Lajkonik's costume was designed by Stanis�aw Wyspia�ski at the end of the nineteenth century. The procession makes a round of the Main Market Square, and then Lajkonik is treated to a glass of wine by the Mayor of Cracow.
1260 Construction of the Church of St Johns was started.
1264 The area known as the "New Town" was established and granted city status, however, the Old Town Councilors made certain not to include Vistula River access so as to keep the New Town from engaging in international trade.
In 1264, Boleslav the Pious issued a charter giving the Jews complete freedom, permitting them to earn livelihoods in a wide variety of ways and imposing heavy penalties on anyone who harmed them bodily.
The Jews in Krakow were living so well that by the time of Casimir the Great (1333-70), this most enlightened monarch would come to be called "King of the Serfs and the Jews."(*15)
1265 Jewish liberties first confirmed by a charter.
1279 Leszek the Black takes the throne when Boleslas V dies.
1282 Przemysl II is nominated as hier to Danzig Pomerania by the Duke of Danzig Pomerania, son of the famous Swientopelk.
1288 Leszek the Black dies and establishes Henry IV of Breslau (grandson of the hero of Lignica) as ruler.
Discovery of rock salt in Wieliczka's vicinity (Kopalnia Soli Wieliczka -- the proper polish name). A mine is sunk and Queen Kinga is documented as being the finder of its location:
1290 Henry IV dies prematurely and leaves the throne to Przemysl II, Duke of Great Poland, and the duchy of Breslau, not to Bohemia, but to his cousin, Henry of Glogow. In this way, Henry would inherit 3/4 of Poland when Przemysl passed away. Thus uniting Poland as it had not been for years and also gaining access to the Baltic Sea again.
June 26, 1295 Archbishop of Gniezno, James Swinka, the principal promoter of the restoration of the Kingdom, with the approbation of the Holy See crowns Przemysl king of Poland.
1296 Przemysl is assassinated and Poland is once again thrown into turmoil.
(*1) Sienkiewicz, Henryk. Knights of the Cross, Vol. 2. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1899.
(*2) Lewicki, A. Dzieje Narodu Polskiego. Warsaw, 1899. Page 82.
(*3) The United Nations Series: Poland. Edited by B. E. Schmitt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1945.
(*4) Halecki, O. A History of Poland. Barnes and Nobles Inc, 1993.
(*5) Kelley, Eric P. The Trumpeter of
Krakow. Macmillan Company, 1928.
Descriptions of Costumes were taken from another source by an Author named Matejko. The book was Costumes in Poland of Other Days.
(*6) Matejko, Jan. Costumes in Poland of Other
Days. Krak'ow, Wydawn: Literackie, 1967.
Also known as "Dresses of Poland." Covers costume period from 1228-1333. An interesting note is that these are the pictures that are the same ones used in Racinet's full color Pictorial History of Western Costumes (1987).
(*7) Davies, Norman. Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland. Oxford: Clarendon, 1984.
(*8) Grzebieniowski, Tadeusz. Pocket Polish
Dictionary Langenscheidt, 1958.
All names were copied from Dictionary. Names with + are added names found in other sources.
(*9) Benet, Sula. Song, Dance, and Customs of Peasant Poland. New York: AMS Press, 1903.
(*10) Milosz, Czeslaw. The History of Polish Literature. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.
(*11) Poland: A Country Study. Edited by Glenn E. Curtis. Washington DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1992.
(*12) Winter, Nevin O. Poland of Today and Yesterday. LC Page and Company, 1913.
(*13) http ://anthropologie.unige.ch/~puissant/LP/ADAM/poland.txt.
(*14) History and Society in Central Europe,
Vol II: Nobilities in Central and Eastern Europe: Kinship, Property
and Privilege. Edited by Janos M. Bak. Budapest: Hajnal Istvan
Alapitviny; Krems: Medium AEvum Quotidianum Gesellschaft,
Although the editors' original intention was to initiate an annual publication series, the second volume under review had to wait three years and had to be published with the help and cooperation of the Medium AEvum Quotidianum Society of Krems, Austria. Being about twice as bulky as its predecessor, this volume contains eight studies that stretch over nine centuries and cover a wide variety of topics concerning the social history of Hungarian, Czech, Polish, Bulgarian, and Austrian nobilities during the medieval and early modern periods.
(*15) Funke, Phyllis Ellen. Contemporary Krakow: This Medieval City.
(*16) Leszek z Szezytna. Notes on Polish History, Part IV (1145-1194; Bibliography).
(*17) Dornberg, John. "Wieliczka Salt Mine." Smithsonian Magazine 24: 12 (March 1994): 96.


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The seaside town of Ito, Shizuoka Prefecture, is well known for its dark, sandy beaches, hot springs, giant koi carp and spectacular summer fireworks displays.
But it also holds one of the strangest and silliest traditions in the region — the Tarai-nori Kyoso, otherwise known as the Washtub Boat Race.
Every first Sunday of July, more than 200 participants frantically paddle large rice-scoop-shaped oars as they barrel down Matsukawa River inside 1-meter-wide traditional Japanese wooden washtubs.
It is as ridiculous as it sounds.
A tradition with vague beginnings, the event is believed to have been conceived in 1955 by the chairman of the Ito Tourism Association, who, according to Shingo Kasai of the association, "came up with the idea when he saw a washtub left in front of a local hotel."
Such tubs were once used to wash clothing at the banks of the river, now they are kept by hotels for this event.
Seven races will take place, including team races, a kids race and an international one. And in the spirit of daftness, many participants don weird costumes. It's a 400-meter-long battle of the paddle, with token prizes to be won. Because of its popularity, though, participating is in the luck of a draw. Staying at a hotel in the area, however, will automatically up your chances in the lottery, which has made the event particularly popular with tourists.
If you don't get to race, you can still enjoy the beach and onsen and head to a riverside flea market, which will also be held on the same day.
Tarai-nori Kyoso takes place in Ito, Shizuoka Pref., on July 7. The first race is at 9:40 a.m. For more information on how to enter call any Ito hotel or the Ito Tourist Association at 0557-37-6105. For more information, visit the event's website (Japanese only) For English information on the area, visit: www.itospa.com/tour_guide_e/index.html.


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Posted by Bob on October 16, 2000
In Reply to: Help me posted by emma barrett on October 16, 2000
: Hey Guys,
: Does anyone know the derivation of the expression, "in a coon's age". I used it and suddenly was made aware that it might have a racial overtone to it. What is the derivation of the expression? And further, does anyone know of a sight to help with future colloquial questions?
Sroll down the page to the discussion of this phrase 9/30/00.


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Chautauqua Cardi Wrap by Shannon Mullett-Bowlsby
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Digital edition available$4.19 from Interweave
Chautauqua Cardi Wrap
This pattern is available from interweave.com for $3.30.
Beginners will enjoy the straight swatch of fabric as they master the stitchwork of this five-panel cardi wrap. Advanced crocheters can customize two panels. The resulting garment, with no curves to stitch, is a pleasure to wear.
22 sts and 11 rows = 4¾" over blocked cables and lace panel
21¼ sts and 16 rows = 5" over blocked twists panel
16 sts and 15¼ rows = 4" over Celtic knot panel.
For more information, see: https://www.interweave.com/store/chautauqua-cardi-cr...


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Myra Krien is the founder and director of Pomegranate Studios (535 Cerrillos Road, 505-986-6164), which offers dance classes and youth outreach programs, as well as the director and choreographer of Mosaic Dance Company. Krien and Mosaic will perform Invaders of the Heart: One Love (7 pm Friday and Saturday, April 24 and 25. $25. James A Little Theater, 1060 Cerrillos Road, 505-986-6164).
SFR: How did you get into Middle Eastern dancing?
MK: My mother was a belly dancer and she studied with a lot of very famous dancers in the Bay Area—Jamila Salimpour, Bert Balladine. I went to classes with her from the time I was a little girl. I started performing when I was 11 and I taught my first belly dance class when I was 14 years old because I was sick of PE. I went and begged my principal to let me start an alternative class. I had both boys and girls in my class and some of them went on to become very successful dancers.
So men can belly dance?
In the Middle East, men belly dance all the time. It's just our culture; we're lucky if we can get a guy to two-step. But in a lot of other cultures, it's different. You know, Latin men dance all the time; they grew up doing it.
You do a lot of educational programs for children, right?
Our youngest students are about 6 years old and we call those our 'seedlings,' and then we have what we call our 'little seeds,' which are kids about 10 to 14. We also have our SEEDs program—a youth mentorship program for social change. SEEDs stands for self-esteem, empowerment and education through dance. It involves three months of financial literacy planning, mentorships from different women in the community, and it offers so much more than just dancing. Dancing is the hook to get the girls involved.
What do you think are the biggest misconceptions about belly dancing?
The biggest one is when you say 'I'm a belly dancer' and you can see someone put 'stripper' across your forehead. It's really unfortunate and I think it has a lot to do with our conception of culture. The dance is sexy but it can also be outright fun. It can be very emotional too. It's very much centered on what is thought of as the emotional body—the shoulder to hip region. Of course love and loss of love come in, but it really has a wide range and depends on who's doing it. We don't really look at our cultural stereotypes. For someone in the Middle East to watch a ballerina, to see a woman take her leg and lift it over her head, is really intense. For them to see a belly dancer, who has her legs very close together, it's sexy for them too, but it has a different definition.
You're also teaching a veil workshop (11 am-2 pm Sunday, March 22. Railyard Performance Space, 1611 Paseo de Peralta, 986-6164). How does the veil work in dance?
The veil is more of an American invention. Usually, in Egypt, women go out and they're covered and when they get to wherever they're going, they take their cover off. So usually when a dancer hits the stage, she'll come out with a veil but it's just a representation of that covering and then she takes it off. In America we started getting into Oriental dance in the 1920s and we had this fantasy about Orientalism. At that time, the silent movies were The Thief of Baghdad, etc., etc., and Hollywood was having this romance with the Middle East. Well, they saw these Hollywood films and were really impressed by what we thought of them. As a matter of fact, the two-piece bra and belt costume that you see so often, that's actually an American invention, but it became a traditional costume after they saw those films. This dance form has been in dialogue for the last 100 years.
What was the traditional belly dance costume before the whole coin-bra thing?
Big pantaloons, a tunic with very long sleeves, a sheer tunic underneath it, a vest that went around it and something tied at the hips—so actually quite covered. The first belly dancers that appeared at the World's Fair were considered quite scandalous because they wore this vest over their sheer tunic and you could see through the tunic. At that time we were in the Victorian Age so this was absolutely shocking. Today people would be like, 'she's so covered.'


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Author Note: Okay… Sorry but I'm starting a new story okay… I didn't particularly like my old one :S so I deleted it… hope any of you who read it don't mind and wont kill me :D…
Disclaimer: I do not own any of the characters mentioned from films in this story, the only characters I do own are the ones I have made up :)
Phoebe-Rose An 18 year old Sixth Former at a local school. Brown hair and blue eyes. Well endowed and naturally pretty. The head cheerleader (yes we have them in the UK) and loved by everyone because she is popular. She hates being popular though, she loves to just relax and unwind with her closest friends, Joanna & Khaylen.
Joanna 18 years old, another cheerleader, and co captain of the team. She is semi popular and naturally pretty. Brown hair and brown eyes, with a sense of adventure. She loves to just hang out with Phoebe and her other best friend Khaylen.
Khaylen 18 years old. Brown hair, green eyes and of course, naturally pretty and she is half cast. She isn't part of the cheerleading team but enjoys watching her girls do their thing. She loves those girly weekends they spend together. Of course she is semi popular as well but ignores the attention.
Daniel 18, and part of the school football team, obviously as captain, what else? Brown hair and blue eyes. He has been dating Phoebe ever since they met at the beginning of year 11 (sixth form) when they were just 16. All of the boys are jealous that he is going out with Phoebe and well the girls are jealous she is going out with him, because he is classed as the buffest boy in their school.
Sam 18 years old and co captain of the football team. Blonde hair and green eyes. He is quite popular as well and he is dating Khaylen. Him and Daniel would always join the girls on their sleepovers, sneaking into Phoebes bedroom via her window. He loves to chill with Daniel and Adam.
Adam 18 (again …) and only into things like hockey, running and not football. He is captain of the hockey team though. He is going out with Joanna. He has blonder hair and blue eyes. He is the best runner in the school and wins a lot of awards for it. He loves to hang out with his best mates Daniel and Sam. When he is not with them or with Joanna he will be training. Other than that he would be sneaking into the girls sleepovers as well.
Main Intro
I'm just one of those normal girls, loves to shop, hang out with her friends, and be with the one I love. I didn't ask to get so lucky in life. I didn't ask to meet that boy. I didn't ask to have the best friends a girl could get. And well I didn't ask to intelligent and not stupid like most people assume I am because im a cheerleader or because I can be pretty without make up or anything. This is sounding rather vain, but it's true. Everyone tells me this all the time. I just smile and act like I couldn't care less about it all. Truth is I care too much about it all, so much that if I lose any of it, then I don't know what I would do…


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Android's snazzy Chameleon launcher is updated to version 1.1, brings many enhancements
0. phoneArena posted on 17 Oct 2012, 06:34
The Chameleon launcher, initially started as a Kickstarter project, is quite different from most other launcher offerings in the Google Play store. It has a fresh user interface which can change the look of your device dramatically, and it also packs a bunch of cool ideas to improve the organization of your features...
This is a discussion for a news. To read the whole news, click here
1. BadAssAbe (Posts: 465; Member since: 22 Apr 2011)
I dont think my Xoom will be able to run this LOL
2. Hemlocke (unregistered)
Pretty cool, but I wonder how much that UI will affect battery life? Anyone know? I would pay $10 for something that looks that cool and different, so long as it works well and doesn't kill the battery (Android's Achilles).
3. protozeloz (Posts: 5396; Member since: 16 Sep 2010)
If not mistaken is no different that having a home screen full of widgets
4. Reluctant_Human (Posts: 904; Member since: 28 Jun 2012)
$10. I'll pass. They would make more profit selling it for $2 and having more people buy it.
5. KingKurogiii (Posts: 5713; Member since: 23 Oct 2011)
i've had this since it was in beta but i haven't been using my Tablet much lately.


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Hi everybody!
Me and my boyfriend are planning to travel through South and Central America this coming spring (no schedule, just going where the wind takes us) .
We have a route planned more or less, the plan is to go Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and then through Central America to Guatemala.
Some time during the trip we would really like to do some volunteer work, prefer with animals. But all I can find when I am googling around is volunteer jobs where you either learn Spanish or you have to pay an amount for accommodation and everything.
We both speak Spanish, he as native and I speak it as my third language, and acommandation is something we prefer to find ourselves.
I would just be very happy if someone could share their experience from some volunteer work around Ecuador, Colombia or Costa Rica.
Thanks in advance!!


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120V single phase whip with L5-20R outlet distributes power from 3 phase distribution cabinet to critical equipment racks. 10 ft. insulated and 3 ft. of removed outer jacket cabling supports hardwire connection to SUBB120 circuit breaker in SUDC208V42P 3 phase distribution rack. L5-20R outlet is compatible with 120V loads and Power Distribution Units (PDUs) supporting a L5-20P plug-in connection.
Tripp Lite SUDC208V42P Distribution Rack


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Sometimes, abstract concepts like net worth and your retirement date are too far removed from being good motivators. In other cases, money as a motivator feels unworthy in comparison to other values in your life. This can make it hard to maintain the good money habits you need for personal financial success.
If either of these is true of you, consider what that financial success allows you to do, such as adding years to your life in a variety of ways.
Reducing Stress
A recent study linked financial stress to higher incidences of sleep disorders, anxiety and depression. It can even lead to more concrete symptoms like digestive problems, migraine headaches and heart trouble. All of these issues are linked with higher mortality rates and shorter lifespans. Staying out of debt and spending within your means reduces that financial stress.
Curbing Small Addictions
The "latte factor" is a method of saving money by cutting out your little addictive spending habits. For many, those habits are things like fast food treats, cigarettes, excessive drinking and sweets. Smart spending in this case also means smart lifestyle choices…and a longer life. You don't have to cut out your favorite indulgences altogether. Just move them from a daily ritual to an occasional treat.
Getting Better Health Care
It's a political "hot button" right now, but the fact is better finances means better health care if you live in the United States. From preventative medicine to top-level treatments to access to the best medicine, you'll live longer if you have the money to pay for services. You never want to have to choose between medical care and another financial commitment.
Having Better Relationships
Fact: people in satisfying relationships live longer than people living alone. Another fact: money is the most-reported reason couples fight. If you make good financial decisions, you'll have fewer reasons to fight with your spouse — leading to a better and longer-term relationship with your partner. Studies show this means adding an average of 3 to 5 years to your life.
Better Retirement
You may have read reports of people dying within a few years of retirement because they had nothing to do with their time. These are true, but only apply to people who live a passive retirement. If you have the money to retire actively — with plenty of travel, volunteerism and money for hobbies — then you can expect a long and happy retirement. The financial habits you build now will help contribute to that happening.
Long lifespan isn't more immediate than retirement savings, but for some people it's a more concrete concept. After all, what's more important than having extra days and years of your life — and the money to live them well?
Want guidance tailored to your personal spending and specific goals? Start your 30 day free trial of HelloWallet.


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5 Things About: Healthy Weight Loss
I have received many questions recently about healthy ways to lose weight and I would like to preface this list of 5 things by saying fad diets and crazy fasts are not the way to go.
- To lose weight you need to be in a caloric deficit, meaning you consume fewer calories than you are expending. Think of it like this: Calories in needs to be less than calories going out. It really is pretty simple.
- To lose one pound a week you need to be in a caloric deficit of 3500 calories. The best way to do this is to combine eating less calories and burning more calories – that means exercise! Cardio is great for burning calories. See these posts for ideas to freshen up your cardio routine.
- You should never eat less than 1200 calories a day. Eating less than 1200 calories slows down your metabolism, since your body thinks a famine is coming. It is not nice to tease your metabolism in this manner. Play nice and eat healthy well-balanced meals loaded with nutrient rich veggies, fruits and grains.
- The longer it takes for you to drop the pounds, the better chance you have of keeping them off. Remember: slow and steady wins with race. This is why you should really think of losing weight as making a life style change rather than dieting. Once you lose the weight, you want to maintain all those healthy habits that helped you shed those pounds in the first place.
- Losing 1 to 2 pounds a week is considered healthy. Losing more than 2 pounds a week is a serious shock to your body. This also means you are not starving yourself or depriving yourself. Fad diets, or diets that have you cut out an entire food group leave you feeling less satisfied and full which leads you to cheat on your diet and then give-up. Remember it is a life style change you are working towards and having a healthy relationship with all kinds of food.
Looking for more tips and encouragement? Check out these diet tips for they will surely help. Of course, reading FitSugar regularly should help too!
Good luck!


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My name is Marissa. Umm, I'm 23.
Here are some traits that describe me rather well, both positive and not so positive:
Friendly, sweet, introverted, quiet, wise-ish, polite, relatively obedient, a good listener, kind of socially awkward, anxious, animal lover, bookish, a little obsessed when it comes to fandoms...
Speaking of fandoms and my current obsessions... My fandoms include Game of Thrones, Doctor Who, Supernatural, Sherlock, Harry Potter, Battlestar Galactica, The Big Bang Theory, How I Met Your Mother (Pre-finale), The Following, Teen Wolf...
The TV shows I'm currently watching, as in the shows that are running right now are as follows: Doctor Who, Scandal, The Flash, The 100, Game of Thrones, Supernatural, Sherlock, Pretty Little Liars, Teen Wolf, How to Get Away With Murder (disregarding Viola Davis' over-dramatic acting), The Following, Mistresses, Bates Motel, Looking, The Big Bang Theory, and Ground Floor.
I love books. Entering a different world with only words and your imagination as a guide is just wonderful. Lately, I've been in the YA universe, so...The freaking Maze Runner trilogy is incredible. Divergent trilogy, The Hunger Games trilogy (although I'll admit Katniss is a cylon in the books). Every book written by Ellen Hopkins because she is the most amazing writer. JK Rowling, of course, because the level of awesome that the Harry Potter series is cannot be adequately put into words. Over 9000? No, I'm not doing that. X_X
I currently have two tattoos. The first being the Dark Mark, from Harry Potter. The second is the Slytherin crest, also from Harry Potter. I'm sure you can understand my level of obsession now. I have a small list of future tattoos, all of which are fandom-related. I also have my tongue pierced. That's as far as my body modifications go. I am a big fan of tattoos and piercing, most any body art is beautiful to me.
I've only been in a few relationships, been in love twice. I have never been engaged. I've been hurt before and am a little wary, but you most likely won't see it. I need help with follow through. I may really like you but it's the whole "me not knowing you in real life" thing that makes me extremely nervous.
I am not looking for a monogamous relationship. I'm actually not looking for a relationship at all. I just like talking to people.
Books: The Harry Potter series will always be my number one series of all time. The Fault in Our Stars is still the only non-fantasy novel to make me cry. Perry Moore's Hero is my favorite YA gay fiction novel. Ellen Hopkins is my queen. She writes YA and Adult real life stories in prose. Her writing is absolutely breathtaking. I've met her three times and am still shell-shocked. :) The Divergent trilogy, The Hunger Games... Anyway, so as you can see here, all of these books are YA fiction. I'm trying to get into adult fiction that's not just historical fiction. I swear!
Movies: I prefer comedies, sci-fi, and musicals.
As far as "favorite" movies go, for comedies, I suppose Anchorman, Blades of Glory, The Other Guys, and Fanboys, would be my favorites.
For the sci-fi category, I love Back to the Future, Star Wars (the original trilogy), Star Trek, Ben-X, Gamer, Serenity, and Dredd. Oh, and does Battle Royale count as a sci-fi? It's in my "Thrillers" folder... *And yes, I did just go through my movies folder.*
Musicals, I don't really think we need to go into much detail here. Not many people are into musicals as much as I am, so let's just say, I freaking love musicals and I've seen both RENT and Wicked (FANTASTIC SEATS, too) and they were both absolutely incredible.
Shows: Freaking Game of Thrones is my main fandom right now. I am absolutely in love with the show. As stated above, I have yet to read the books, so if it comes up in discussion, please no spoilers. I am rooting for either Daenerys or Arya to take the Iron Throne. I have a feeling it's going to be someone equal to the shittiness of Joffrey though. We all know his younger brother isn't going to last too long, right? RIGHT?
Music: I'm really really picky when it comes to music. I don't really listen to current music unless I'm in the car with my sister. I usually listen to 103.5 BOB FM and Spotify's 70s, 80s, and 90s Decades lists. If you want some current artists, I like...Starkid, Vallejo (TX band), is Portishead still current(?), Pentatonix (Obsessed!), Arcade Fire (recently discovered), Silversun Pickups, Muse, Birdy, Simon Curtis, A Great Big World, Dido, Adam Lambert...
Yeah, not really a fan of bands that aren't from the earlier eras. Music today infuriates me most of the time. Also, I hate 99% of all country music and rap/hip-hop disgusts me. :/
Food? I really love Greek/Mediterranean food, although I'm the only one in my family who eats it, so I don't ever get to eat said food. I also love Chinese food. :) Okay, to be honest, I'll eat most anything. I just don't eat fish (tuna excluded) or shrimp.
2. Books!
3. My pets.
4. My sister.
5. Music!
6. New experiences.
Your result for The Harry Potter Wand Test...10", Willow, Veela
You scored 37 wisdom, 33 bravery, 37 emotional, and 6 martyrdom!A willow wand signifies that you care deeply about emotions, art, and intuition, and that you have a particular knack for charms. The veela hair as a wand core means that you are slightly unpredictable but very powerful.
Or...I'm on my computer, doing something. Surrounded by kitty cats.
There, that's endearing and not awkward at all. XD


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Basso & Brooke were the first ever winners of London"s prestigious Fashion Fringe Award in 2004. They won the competition with a collection that was sexuality exuberant, using digital prints that appeared classic and Liberty esque but on closer inspection were an orgiastic carnival of sexual liberation and allegories of power.
With a selection panel that included among its members Rosemarie Bravo, Alexandra Shulman (Editor in Chief, Vogue UK) and Hamish Bowles of US Vogue, this award was instituted and directed by Colin McDowell for in order to discover and launch particularly promising up and coming designers. Soon after winning the prize, Basso & Brooke entered a production and distribution agreement with the Aeffe Group, who also represent the Alberta Ferretti, Moschino, Narciso Rodriguez, Jean Paul Gaultier and Pollini brands.
Two people from very different cultures and design disciplines Chris, fashion; and Bruno, Graphic design, create the label. They are the pioneers of the digital print process in fashion.
Christopher Brooke Born in Newark, Nottinghamshire UK in 1974, Chris studied fashion at Kingston University graduating in 1995 with 1st class Honours degree before completing an MA in womenswear at Central Saint Martins in 1997. The year after, he went on to assist Joe Casely Hayford before meeting Bruno Basso in 2002 and setting up the label. Chris has also had worked on personal commissions for Victoria Beckham, Kylie, Pink, Robbie Williams.
Bruno Basso Born in 1978 in Santos, SP, BRAZIL, Bruno has been working since 1998 in creative environments as graphic designer, art director, curator, producer. He studied Journalism at the Catholic University of Santos between 1996 1999 and then Advertising in the University of St. Cecilia, Santos 2000 2001.
For Fall 2012 designers are inspired by a wide range of influences, from the elaborate details of brocade and metallic gold embellishments to the dynamic mix of military chic and power pantsuits. Colo
By Courtney Lynne
I am an analyst by profession and researching is my passion. I also love to share my knowledge. Contact me on Google + and Twitter. Find us on Google+


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Hard Wired to Connect
The training offered by Awareness in Action, provides the vision and ability to apply the techniques of mindfulness, meditation and compassion into our working life. As well as feeling the immediate helpful benefits of such techniques myself, which is my own direct measure, I also find it useful to understand mechanisms of how such techniques actually benefit myself and others. I thought I'd try and share some of the research and insights, hopefully in an accessible way.
Our brain is made of billions of tiny switches (called neurons) which fire hundreds of times per second like spark plugs in a car engine, when we move, have emotions, think or reflect.
A recent discovery of a smaller group of these neurons is called mirror neurons. They are beautifully described by eminent scientist Dr Ramachandran as 'Ghandi neurons'. Like a network of virtual reality simulators they recreate the sounds, perceptions and movements of others onto our own internal body representation – your emotions become my emotions your movements become my movements. Through them we spontaneously empathise, relate and can respond to needs of others. They naturally map other peoples actions, moods and feelings onto ourselves - this also provides an efficient mechanism for us to learn quickly from others, as we embody the actions of others in ourselves through watching.
We are, simply speaking, hard wired to connect with others.
We are, simply speaking, hard wired to connect with others
Mirror neurons respond, perhaps surprisingly, based on the goal or perceived intention of the person performing the action - random actions by others don't seem to cause them to fire. This means we unconsciously copy or imitate the emotional states of others with a sense of their intentions, this is what provides us with social cues as to how to respond. We have a felt sense of where someone's at and therefore can respond accordingly.
This unconscious or implicit imitation also occurs more strongly when we are with people we like or for people we perceive to be powerful. A leader will capture our attention so their emotions will be particularly contagious. However, its impact is also more subtle, for instance college student subjects who watched a video about old people were unaware that they walk more slowly to the exit at the end of a study.
This implicit or unconscious imitation has profound implications for team dynamics. It is the basis for emotional contagions – how we inherit people's moods in a team meeting or why a workplace has a particular mood tone. It's also why stress can become such an infectious corrosive atmosphere or how an empathic nurturing environment can spread, both with their subsequent impact on team dynamics.
As we develop self awareness and transform our responses through mindfulness, meditation and compassion, the process immediately benefits ourselves as it 'turns on' part of the nervous and brain systems that calm us and allows us to see situations and ourselves clearly. Conversely studies show that destructive emotions, distort our perception. Both types of perception, distorted or clear has obvious subsequent consequences in what decisions we make and how we create, relate and work within teams.
Any effort on our part to apply these techniques is also 'seen', by other peoples mirror neurons. As mentioned, their nature is to automatically pick up on other peoples emotional states, whether it's a state of balance and openness or in a more dysfunctional condition. So by developing self awareness we immediately benefit ourselves and in the process help others.


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Instead of showing off her assets on the dancing pole, Minaj joined the boys in enjoying the view and throwing money.
An NSFW music video was released for 2 Chainz's aptly titled single "I Love Dem Strippers". Strippers get plenty of on-camera time as 2 Chainz and the song's featured guest Nicki Minaj enjoy their performance and throw out dollar bills.
Directed by Benny Boom, the video also sees fellow Atlanta rappers T.I. and Young Jeezy enjoying the view. Minaj joined the males in the audience seat instead of strutting her stuff like the girls. "Yes that's why I'm crowned Queen/And I ain't looking for the Prom King/These h**s' career's ain't promising/Killing these b****es, crime scene/Oooh, that's how a b**** do it," she rapped.
"I Love Dem Strippers" is lifted from the 2 Chainz's major label debut "Based on a T.R.U. Story", due to be released on August 14. Speaking of the single, 2 Chainz told Rap-Up TV, "That song is just a natural organic song for anybody from my region."
He continued, "We're slightly infested with strip clubs, but it's a beautiful thing when you learn the art of it as far as the pole tricks and things like that." His single "Beez in a Trap", which also features Minaj, proclaims his love of strip clubs as well.
2Chainz's "I Luv Dem Strippers" Music Video Feat. Nicki Minaj


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On Saturday at 1pm you will find me not in Golders Green, but outside Downing Street standing shoulder to shoulder with people from every ethnic and religious background. We will eclipse the anti-Semitic march led by Joshua Bonehill-Paine.
Doubtless when the worst happens, be it in weeks, months or years, we'll again have to suffer crocodile tears and bold statements from a government that will nevertheless be held responsible by the front line law enforcement community for its failures, as set out above.
The coinciding of Pride 2015 with the landmark equal marriage ruling by the US Supreme Court is a cause of celebration for many, and quite rightly too. However, the arguments used by radical liberationists to attack Pride, and equal marriage, betray both a deeply flawed understanding of the mindset of many LGBTQ* people in the West
The closure of police stations and the demise of community policing will inevitably mean that the only contact the public will have with police officers will just be in stressful situations such as when they are the victims of crime, involved in an accident or indeed rebuked, reported or arrested. Police will be seen as remote, authority figures as is the case in so many countries. At present however, police retain the support of the public. Although politicians treat them as such, the public are not fools.
Little wonder then, that just before a general election, it has been politically expedient to shine the 'cover up spotlight' on a battered, bruised and demoralised police service.
With over 36,000 cash machines in the UK, victims would be able to send short text-based messages directly to the police in a discreet way and help them receive assistance from a specialist officer. Such an innovation would help those who may be controlled by their partner, and are fearful of visiting a police station in case they're seen.
Our criminal justice system has long discriminated against those who have lost family members at the hands of the police. Instead of being recognised as victims, such families are victimised from the very first meeting with the police onwards.
Make no mistake, moderate British Muslims have been expressing their concerns as to the rise of Islamic extremism in the UK since the 1990's and could well argue that they have already made a significant contribution to curbing the excesses of fanatical, Islamist groups.
The introduction of gunfire detectors will help to save lives. Cutting the response time of armed officers, alongside providing them with accurate information about the location of an armed individual, will ensure incidents are dealt with as quickly as possible. During a time of tight financial constraints, the use of such technology offers a smart solution that is relatively low cost when taken in the context of the billions spent annually on anti-terror activities.
While remembering both officers came from different units, this rings alarm bells of a possible more wide-spread culture where attempts are made to falsely discredit, alienate and drive out officers who dare to criticise - even if they were right to complain.
At this moment in time UK officers have to contend with the fact that the edifice of British policing is rapidly crumbling, eroded by both cutbacks and politically expedient bile... The death of Neil Doyle will place a further dent in police morale yet of course it is still 'business as usual' as far as devastated but committed Merseyside police officers are concerned.
As counter terrorism awareness week commences front line police officers in London and elsewhere are becoming increasingly fearful that they are likely to become victims of savage targeted attacks on the streets of the UK by fanatical Islamist jihadists.
History doesn't just repeat, it gathers its forces at the borders of ignorance and complacency, ready to stage a guerrilla attack...
The revelation by the Police Federation that the morale of rank and file officers was at its lowest ever level will as no surprise to those struggling to maintain an effective police service in urban and rural areas throughout the UK.
It's good news that crime is falling and our cities, towns and neighbourhoods are becoming safer. But there is much more to be done. It is alarming to see that the very people we depend on are being beaten up just for doing their job. They need to be treated with respect.
Make no mistake, I am all for ensuring the police service isn't top heavy and is more able to respond to the ever changing needs of those it serves, but I would plead with the next Government to think hard about what policing means to the British public and encourage them to move quickly away from thinking about policing purely in the terms of numbers and figures.


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The University Events Calendar and Academic Calendar are not currently available.
We apologize for the inconvenience and are working diligently to restore these features.
The following Academic Calendars are available:
Campus address
720 4th Avenue South
St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498
(320) 308-0121
St. Cloud State University, a member of Minnesota State.
St. Cloud State University is committed to legal affirmative action, equal opportunity, access and diversity of its campus community (Full Statement).
© 2017 St. Cloud State University


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Discover Chamblee
Over the decades, the city has been transformed into a progressive and vibrant international city. From the South's largest collection of antiques to the extensive collection of auto dealerships at Chamblee's Auto Dealer Row, Chamblee is an exciting city to explore.
Chamblee is easily accessible from I-85 and I-285, providing convenience to downtown attractions and Stone Mountain Park. Chamblee offers comfortable lodging, bargain hunting opportunities and an incredible selection of dining options. The Chamblee MARTA Station (Atlanta's Rapid Transit System) and City Hall are both located downtown, surrounded by a variety of unique antique shops and casual dining.
The downtown district has experienced significant commercial development including lofts and townhomes since 2000, creating an expanding city center, while maintaining its history with vintage buildings and architecture. Visit some of Chamblee's beautiful parks and attend one of their family-friendly events happening throughout the year. You'll discover that Chamblee is a thriving urban city with a diverse community and international flair.
Atlanta's Chinatown Mall is located in the heart of Downtown Chamblee. The mall opened in 1988 and served as a cultural center for the growing population of Chinese Americans in and around DeKalb. The Chinatown Mall has over 30 unique tenants including a supermarket and a herbal medicine shop. One of the mall's most distinguishing features is their food court. Experience authentic cuisine from different regions in China. Each one of them completely different than the other. With the Chinatown Mall and the International Corridor, Chamblee shines in Atlanta's DeKalb as a hub for cultural diversity.
Chamblee is home to the popular Taste of Chamblee Festival happening in early fall. The Festival features cuisine from the incredible variety of international restaurants found along Buford Highway known as DeKalb's International Corridor and other areas of the city. The Taste of Chamblee is the city's largest event featuring some of the area's best restaurants in a family friendly environment. In addition to great festival food, there is an abundance of live entertainment for all types of music lovers. The event is hosted by the Georgia Lions Lighthouse Foundation.
Chamblee is home to six parks; Clairmont Park, Huntley Hills Park, Keswick Park, Peachtree Park, Shallowford Park and Village Park. Each park has a variety of features, including playgrounds, ball fields, barbecue grills, pavilions/picnic areas, walking trails, and seating areas. The parks, excluding Keswick Park, are designed as neighborhood parks to be used by those living within biking or walking distance. Keswick Park was created to serve as a community park with ball fields, a community building facility and plenty of parking.
For upcoming events and more information, visit http://www.chambleega.com/
Points of Interest
Chamblee Parks


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MOUNT WASHINGTON - After having committed to play baseball at Western Kentucky University back on July 2, Bullitt East senior catcher made it official on Thursday as he signed to play for the Hilltoppers starting in the fall of 2013.
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Craig Aronson '80 Joins Kaufman Dolowich & Voluck's LA Office as Senior Counsel
From Lawfuel.com:
Kaufman Dolowich & Voluck, LLP (KDV), a leading national law firm, today announced that Dean B. Herman, who has more than 30 years of experience in insurance industry and business litigation, and Hee Young Lee, who has represented insurers and policyholders for more than a decade, have joined the firm as partners in its Los Angeles office. They will be accompanied by Craig D. Aronson as senior counsel and Steven S. Son, Andrew C. Johnson and Mikhaile P. Savary as associates...
Aronson, who has been practicing law for 30 years and whose practice focuses on coverage and professional liability, joins KDV from Gaglione, Dolan & Kaplan (Los Angeles) where he was a partner. He is admitted to practice in California. Aronson graduated summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from DartmouthCollege and earned his law degree from the University of Chicago Law School.
Read more at the original publication


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This quote is hidden because you are ignoring this member. Show Quote
Freaking figures. If I love a show, it's doomed. every week I can't WAIT to watch terriers. I have to agree with your guys. Stupid title. A title needs to be evocative. Terriers, quite simply had a stupid title. And the theme song. Annoying. I totally agree that a great intro can go a long way.
That being said, the three shows I can not wait to watch each week and Fringe, 30 Rock and Terriers.
Ah, poop!


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Navigon Adds Turn-by-Turn GPS App for Android
To heck with Google. At least, that's what Navigon seems to be suggesting with the release of MobileNavigator for Android, a voice-enabled, turn-by-turn GPS app for Android-powered smartphones.
The thinking, according to Engadget, is that Navigon is fully aware of Google's awesome, free Google Maps Navigation. But Google's app only works in the U.S.--leaving the rest of the world's hankering for Android GPS goodness free for the taking. And Navigon has been steadily updating its MobileNavigator app on the iPhone side (pictured), and has recently added real-time traffic reports.
Navigon is planning to unveil the Android app on December 10th. The company currently charges $139 for the European version of MobileNavigator on the iPhone, so I expect we'll see similar pricing at least in the short term. It will run on any Android 1.5, 1.6, or 2.0 phone. Originally posted to AppScout.


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This property has been removed by the agent. It may be let or temporarily removed from the market
3 bedroom semi-detached house to rentEasington Road, BANBURY, OX16
Let Agreed £795 pcm| £183 pw fees apply
Property Description
Letting information:
|Not Specified
|Reduced on Rightmove:
|28 March 2012 (1971 days ago)
Full description
An extremely well situated and recently refurbished three bedroom semi-detached house on the popular Easington development with the benefit of double glazing, driveway parking and a good size garden.
Front door, leading to
Entrance HallRadiator
Living Room 16'10" x 11'11" Windows to opposite aspects, radiator, fireplace area
Separate Dining Room 9'9" x 11'7"Radiator
Kitchen 11'9" x 7'1"Range of new modern units, electric hob, electric cooker, extractor hood over
Utility Room with plumbing for washing machine, space for a dryer
On the first floor
Bedroom 115'5 x 11'3" Two front aspect windows, radiator
Bedroom 212'4" x 9'2"Radiator
Bedroom 39'9" x 6'10" Radiator
BathroomBath, electric shower over, wash hand basin & WC
Gardens to front & rear
Driveway parking for two vehicles
Please note that there are no curtains or lampshades supplied by the Landlords
Map & Street View
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Disclaimer - Administration fees may apply when renting a property in England, Wales or Northern Ireland. For more details, please contact the agent.
Property reference 407317. The information displayed about this property comprises a property advertisement. Rightmove.co.uk makes no warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of the advertisement or any linked or associated information, and Rightmove has no control over the content. This property advertisement does not constitute property particulars. The information is provided and maintained by Stanbra Powell, Banbury.
Please refer to our Renting Guides for further information on how to safely rent a property.
Map data ©OpenStreetMap contributors.


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A drama following a woman who has an affair with a lawyer of a powerful family.
When Sara and Jack have a chance meeting, their attraction is immediate - even though they are both already in relationships. They begin an affair, but Sara soon learns that Jack is a top attorney representing the son of a powerful businessman who her husband is prosecuting in a murder trial.
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Genre: Drama


text: Abyss Stungray Gallery Rulings Errata Tips Appearances Trivia Lores Artworks Names This card has the highest ATK of all Trap Monsters in the TCG/OCG. Retrieved from "http://yugioh.wikia.com/wiki/Card_Trivia:Abyss_Stungray?oldid=3349791" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you've made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. Category: Card Trivia


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Why Live in TennesseeAuthor: Jon Hays Phd. | Category: Nashville Apartments
The Greatest Place to Live in Tennessee
Not only the cost of living is low, but every city has beautiful scenery. One of the lowest costs of living in the state of Tennessee is Johnson City. The location is near the Virginia border. The weather is colder in the winter than any other city in Tennessee. Johnson City is filled with mountains, which makes a great family outing for adults, kids and family pets.
Chattanoga has nice tourist attractions, such as: Rock City, Ruby Falls and Lookout Mountain. One of the "Top 45 Places to Go" in the world is Chattanooga, Tennessee according to the New York Times. This city offers entertainment, such as: restaurants, live events, and plenty of adventurous attractions.
German corporate investors are investing billions of dollars each year in a new manufacturing plant. Cleveland has publications in Business Week, The Wall Street Journal, Forbes Magazines and Great Places to Live Magazine.
The fifth largest industrial city is Cleveland Tennessee. Products, such as Coca-Cola, Dasani Water, and Duracell Batteries are manufactured in Cleveland. Cleveland State College and Lee University are private schools.
The country music capital of the world is located in Nashville. This state has a football team called the Tennessee Titans in the National Football League. The National Hockey League has a team called Nashville Predators. Also, Nashville is famous for a race track that holds NASCAR. University of Tennessee is located in Knoxville.
Tennessee Tech University is located in Cookeville half way between Knoxville and Nashville. Just about 15,000 people go to Cookeville each day to work, attend school or participate in activities during their spare time.
Every year, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park draws millions of visitors known for various famous plants and animal life. People come together visiting this national park to see the beautiful ancient mountains, such as Southern Appalachians. The Great Smokey Mountains National Park offers a wide range of activities for families to enjoy, such as: auto touring, bicycling, hiking, horseback riding and so much more.
Besides apartments in downtown Nashville tn, one of the cities lowest costs of living is Johnson City. The Tennessee Titans is a part of the National Football League. The National Hockey League has a team called Nashville predators. America's most visited national park has beautiful ancient mountains. This city offers restaurants, live events and plenty of adventurous attractions.


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Teaching, Learning, and Technology Committee
This committee will be responsible for identifying and promoting the use of technology in library instruction. Special attention will be given to technologies that enhance learning and can be easily adapted toa variety of different learning environments. Activities will include assisting with programs, writing reviews and articles for the newsletter, and promoting research that relates to our charge. Liaison with ALA committees and groups with similar interests.
Sarah I. Smith (Co-Chair, July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015)
Ms. Elizabeth Marie Johns (Member, July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2015)
Karen Tercho (Member, July 1, 2012, to June 30, 2016)
Steven J. Bertolino (Virtual Member, July 1, 2014, to January 20, 2016)
Joseph J. Eshleman (Virtual Member, July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016)
Mandi Goodsett (Virtual Member, July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016)
Meghann Kuhlmann (Virtual Member, July 1, 2012, to January 20, 2016)
Nicole Tekulve (Virtual Member, July 1, 2014, to January 20, 2016)
Lorelle R. Swader (Staff Liaison, July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2020)
Displaying active committee roster as of 07/01/2014. Last retrieved on 08/18/2017. Members can log in to view full contact information for committee members.


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Lakeland Hospice Foundation gears up for annual motorcycle ride
Bring a motorcycle and get ready for the 11th annual Lakeland Hospice Ride, set for Saturday, September 8.
Registration begins at 10:30 a.m. at the south Minnesota Motor parking lot in Fergus Falls. The ride leaves at noon sharp. It is a free-will donation with all proceeds going to support the Lakeland Hospice Foundation, which raises dollars to help support hospice care in local communities.
Riders will travel about 120 miles through the lakes country, with two planned stops along the way. The ride will end at 5 p.m. at the Ashby Legion with a free-will pork loin supper.
At 6:30 p.m., the Lakeland Hospice Foundation will raffle off a 2012 Harley Heritage, valued at more than $17,000. Tickets are $20 each and give an opportunity to win two $500 and 10 $100 cash prizes. Only 2,500 tickets are sold.
For more information about the ride and raffle, visit www.hospice-ride.com, search for Lakeland Hospice Ride on Facebook or call Tammy at (218) 998-1423.


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Broiled Sesame Salmon
Recipe by Christina P.
My mom clipped this recipe out of the Chronicle years ago and it's been a family favorite ever since! It's SO easy and quick to make and is SO delicious that even people who think they don't like salmon will LOVE it. Just remember not to over-cook the salmon. It should be dark pink and slightly translucent in the center. I've found if I take it out of the oven when it still looks only half done, it's perfect by the time I serve it.
Top Review by Peter J
Beautiful! The idea of the combination marinade / sauce was great and the flavors worked wonderfully with the salmon. The only change I made was to add a little crushed garlic and I omitted the green onion garnish just because I didn't have any on hand, but imagine if I did it would have only further improved an already great dish.
See Discussion:1 Review
Ingredients Nutrition
- 3 tablespoons soy sauce
- 1 1⁄2 tablespoons rice vinegar
- 1 teaspoon maple syrup
- 1 tablespoon lemon juice
- 1⁄2 teaspoon grated fresh ginger (to taste)
- 1 1⁄4 lbs salmon fillets, in 4 equal parts 1-inch at thickest point
- olive oil
- 1 tablespoon unhulled sesame seeds, toasted
- 1 green onion, thinly sliced
Directions See How It's Made
- To make marinade, in a small bowl, combine soy sauce, vinegar, syrup, lemon juice, and ginger; whisk to blend.
- Place salmon pieces in a nonreactive (not aluminum) container.
- Pour marinade over them and turn to coat. Refrigerate 1 hour.
- Preheat broiler. Spray a nonstick broiler pan with olive oil.
- Place salmon, skin side up, on pan and transfer marinade to a small saucepan.
- Broil salmon 4 inches from heat for 4 minutes. Meanwhile, bring marinade to a boil; simmer 2 minutes.
- Turn salmon, baste with marinade, sprinkle with sesame seeds and broil another 4 minutes or until just cooked through.
- Fish and marinade can be served hot, at room temperature or chilled. Spoon a tablespoon of boiled marinade over each piece; garnish with green onion.


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Lebo's Soweto Backpackers & Cycle Tours
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Enjoyment of touring escalates when you are not separated from the landscape you explore by metal, glass and high speeds. Experience the ambience created by aroma, temperature and sound, most of which is denied when you are closed in a bus or car. A more personal interaction is made with people and places when you visit by bike. Browse these listing for a bike tour operator.
A word on Bike Tours:
'It is by riding a bicycle that you learn the contours of a country best, since you have to sweat up the hills and coast down them. Thus you remember them as they actually are, while in a motor car only a high hill impresses you, and you have no such accurate remembrance of country you have driven through as you gain by riding a bicycle.' Ernest Hemingway
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For months, you sacrifice your all to bring about life. And this life belongs uniquely to you. Then the baby is born and suddenly, the baby belongs to everyone else... or so they think.... or so it feels.
Recently I came across a beautifully written narrative called No, Please Don't Visit My Newborn! by Laura Grace Weldon. It might be best to read the article for yourself, but in short, she describes a time shortly after the birth of her first child in which her husband's grandmother visits, takes the baby without asking, then refuses to return upon crying. Laura then explains her mama-grizzly response and how that one moment changed the way she and her husband planned post-birth boundaries in the future.
It was an article that I related to on a very personal level and was shocked by the negative response in the comments. The disappointment that plagued me as I read through is how this recently-having-birthed-mother was judged for selfish grandparent alienation. The conclusion that I've drawn is that culturally, we know very little about maternal health.
And I confess being an uniformed relative.
I remember when my sister had her first child. He was Frank Breech and her water broke the day before a scheduled version as an attempt to turn him. Though I am older than her, I was not aware of the real need for family boundaries and rode with them to the hospital, then sat in the room while the eager parents-to-be consulted the doctor on whether they should attempt a version or opt for a Cesarean (though I knew enough to not comment). I remember them deciding on the cesarean and then waiting an hour after the surgery to visit my new nephew. After we were welcomed to visit, my brother in law handed the baby to me and made a comment:
"Hold his head. Don't drop him."
"I know more about babies than you. Don't worry." I fired back.
Truth be told, I probably did, being the oldest of five children. However, I was far out of line and learned just how far after the birth of my first son a few years later. And let me say, I certainly went to him and apologized.
I was an intruder in every possible way.
I should have driven to the hosptial separately. I should have not have been in the room while they made the decision with the doctor. I should have given them more than an hour to bond with their new son, and I certainly should not have put my BIL's protective instinct in check.
They have not been resentful, but I still feel sad for robbing them of a private family moment.
Fast forward two years later. Aviel was coming into the world, arriving into our arms in a beautiful hospital birth. My mom and my mother-in-law were both in town for his arrival, in the waiting room during pushing, and visiting as soon as they were medically allowed. My father-in-law planned to visit several days after his birth, but my father was unable to make it at that time. What I did not anticipate is how overwhelming it would be to have 3 out of 4 grandparents visiting from abroad simultaneously. After leaving the hospital, guests would be present in our home until 10 or 11 pm. When they would leave, I would cry and cry. (And before I get to far into my story, let me just say that the grandparents were not necessarily doing anything wrong... they were all doting grandparents. It was simply a lot for me, having just birthed and desiring bonding with my brand new baby).
I felt as though Aviel was constantly taken from my arms the minute he finished nursing. Requests to not put him to sleep before feedings were not honored. Diapers were changed, with his chord stump still present, without asking. Pacies were placed in his mouth, again, without asking. Others held him during worship services at our Kehilah (congregation), which had been a special time of bonding for me before he was born.
"This has been great" one of the grandparents said one evening. "We didn't get nearly this amount of time with your nephew when he was born."
"Not at all. Its like we've been living with you."
In that moment, I realized my overwhelmed feelings were not an exaggeration, but a response to a having guest present far more than my recovering body, and heart, needed at the time! And apparently, the situation was characteristically different from the experience that one set of grandparents had with the first grandchild.
Not only that, but at our 2 week appointment, when the nurse explained that Aviel was not gaining weight efficiently and suggested one formula bottle a day, something of my own maternal instinct kicked in strong.
You see, I knew it was too much, but I didn't trust my instinct. I wondered if I was being controlling, and I felt guilty asking grandparents who lived abroad to leave, to return my newborn child, to not grandparent quite. so. much.
When the nurse pointed out that Aviel's health was at risk, and that we might need a feeding intervention that I did not want, that's when my own personal mama-grizzly came out. I then knew I needed to establish some better boundaries for both our sake. I needed some privacy to do skin-to-skin contact and increase my milk supply. I needed some privacy to make sure he was getting full feedings at regular intervals. I needed him in my arms to keep my prolactin and oxytocin high.
I needed him and he needed me.
We needed each other and this wasn't selfish... this was healthful.
As informed as I had been on the physiology of birth, I certainly missed something in understanding what my postpartum needs would be, and that my needs were symbiotic with Aviel's needs.
In the years since, as I've continued to study, I've learned that privacy in those early hours and days is a very important part of overall maternal and baby health, and an area where our western culture is extremely ill informed.
After a women gives birth, her oxytocin and prolactin levels are higher than they will ever be in her life, until she births again. Likewise, estrogen levels are dropping at rapid rates. She is likely sore from the birth, bleeding, and trying to learn how to nurse. With all that is happening in her body, in all honesty, it isn't the time for a huge influx of visitors. She very well may want and need space to work these new emotions, feelings, and body responses out privately. Learning to breastfeed certainly does take some work and doesn't necessarily go well with constant company.
With all that is happening, it should be understood that new mother is extremely vulnerable, almost just as much as a new baby, and the new father follows a close third. If a clash of emotions occurs, I doubt any party is intentionally trying to be be selfish, but either acting out of lack of knowledge (guests), or the extreme hormonal change taking place (mother). While the instinct to bond with a new baby will also be strong in grandparents, no one in the room is processing the birth in as complex biological ways as the mother, and all mature adults should do what they can to support her needs at that time, not only for her well being, but also for the baby. Extended family bonding can come later.
Since this is not something that is common knowledge, I believe falls on the new parents to process the post birth needs as part of the "birth plan" and to communicate expectations in advance. If I could offer some tips based on my previous experience, this is what I would suggest and plan myself this time around:
- Guard the first hour after birth. According to the research of Michel Odent, the first hour after birth is a very sensitive time physiologically for mother and baby. My birth plan for Girl baby includes guarding this time with my whole heart. Ideally, the baby will be with me in skin-to-skin contact, while the chord finishes pulsating. I'd prefer for her to be with either me or Devin, except for minor medical monitoring from our amazing homebirth doctor. I hope that she will mostly be in my arms until after her first nursing. Only after that takes place will it be time for her to meet and greet other loved ones.
- Plan for privacy and practical help. Privacy and practical help are essential for a establishing a healthy breastfeeding relationship. Make sure to communicate what practical help is for you. For me, its not holding the baby, so I can do other things. Its doing other things so I can hold the baby! Its cooking, doing dishes, laundry and and keeping visits short and sweet. Of course you can hold my baby, just ask first, please, and return promptly upon my request!
- Establish clear visiting hours. We'll have time for friends with an extension for extended family. For many, it will help ease emotions to communicate this in advance so hearts can be prepared to not "live with" the new family.
I hope that our postpartum experience will go a little more smoothly this time, and because I do believe maternal health needs run counter cultural, I hope this will serve as a starting point for other women to evaluate with their husbands what the first few weeks postpartum might require for their family to thrive!


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It was also known as the final resting place of the Dragon Smaug, whose bones ended up at the bottom of the lake, and by whom it was destroyed. [1]
Lake-town may have been separate settlements established on the same site, one predating Smaug's destruction of Dale and the Lonely Mountain in TA 2770[2] and the other built afterwards. Uniquely, of all of the towns, settlements, fortresses, and cities of Middle-earth, Lake-town utilized water as its defense. The Long Lake was also surrounded by towering cliffs and high mountains, all helpful natural barriers that had the potential to aid its defenders in a siege (such as the Easterling invasion of the North in TA 3018). While these defenses slowed and diverted Lake-town's human enemies, it did nothing to prepare its inhabitants against Smaug. The villagers would be harassed on a regular basis by Smaug. Smaug would steal an occasional maiden or just burn down their homes.
Lake-town was founded sometime during the Third Age and its inhabitants traded extensively with the Elves of Thranduil's Woodland Realm, the Dwarves of the Lonely Mountain and the Iron Hills, their kin in Dale and Dorwinion to the south, and possibly with the Easterlings (in times of peace, of course). The Men of Lake-town traded with Dorwinion (a human realm on the fertile coastal plain on the west shore of the Sea of Rhûn) in a unique way; wine barrels were floated down from Thranduil's caverns in Mirkwood (the Elves were known as copious wine drinkers, as found in the Hobbit) along the Celduin down to Lake-town, where they were redirected to Dorwinion. The wine was then paid for and filled with the necessary goods before being shipped back north, and the cycle of trade resumed once more. These barrels were also quite large, for they could fit a Hobbit or Dwarf (even the extremely fat Bombur).It is also where Bilbo and the Dwarves travelled in their adventure to reclaim the Lonely Mountain. In the year TA 2941 of the Third Age the town was attacked by the dragon, but Bard the Bowman, who had indirectly learned of a weakness in Smaug's armor that had first been noticed by Bilbo Baggins, slew the dragon. Smaug, livid with bestial fury, had winged his way to the town in the dead of night and promptly began to immolate the wooden matchwood structures there, materials that burst into flame at the slightest provocation. Its inhabitants realized all too late their predicament and while some, including most of the women and children, got away safely on boats, many perished in the maelstrom of fire that ensued. A brave company of spearmen and archers attempted, in vain, to shoot down the dragon, but were mostly immolated themselves. The town was wrecked by the dragon, but afterwards it was rebuilt using some of the treasure that Smaug had stolen, though the town's Master ran off with some of the Gold. Part of the town's population followed Bard to resettle the Kingdom of Dale.[4]
As trading people, the Men of Lake-town knew the Common Speech, Westron. However, amongst themselves they spoke an ancient form of it, which was loosely related to but distinct from the also ancient language of the Rohirrim. Tolkien "translated" Westron into English in his text, so to represent its ancient relative that the Rohirrim spoke he substituted Old English. Thus, Tolkien substituted Old Norse for the language of the Men of Esgaroth (in person and place names, etc.) because it is an ancient relative of English that is related to Old English.
After the town's near destruction following Smaug's rage, its inhabitants rebuilt it with more splendor and grandeur further down the lake. Lake-town is used to refer to the pre-Smaug town upon the Long Lake, while the rebuilt, larger cousin further down the waterway is referred to as Esgaroth. The inhabitants also learned a crucially important, but painful, lesson bought with the blood of loved ones: the town was built to be less susceptible to flame and its military was expanded. These lessons greatly aided it during the War of the Ring.
Portrayal in adaptations
The Hobbit film trilogy
In Peter Jackson's The Hobbit movie trilogy, the clear Eastern design and culture of Lake-town and its inhabitants (including, the military and political leaders) are primarily derived from medieval Russian influences - i.e., the early Rus' states of Kievan Rus' and its successors. Indeed, Lake-town is reminiscent of the old northern Rus' trading city of Novgorod - itself, like Lake-town, also situated on a lake.
Also, as presented in the movies, per the complex nature of Russian ethno-cultural history, Lake-town itself and its people are also infused with Nordic, Finnic, Baltic, and Turkic influences. In the movies, Peter Jackson clearly defines the culture of Lake-town and Dale as a part of the East. Due to the location of Lake-town in the North-East of Middle-earth, these elements are highly appropriate.
Translations around the World
|Foreign Language
|Translated name
|Portuguese (Brazil)
|Cidade do Lago
|Spanish (Spain and Latin America)
|Ciudad del Lago
|Pontelagolungo / Città del Lago
|Bourg-du-Lac / Lacville
|Chinese (Hong Kong)
|Göl Kasabası
|Miasto na Jeziorze
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The Atlas of Middle-earth, The Hobbit, "Lake-town"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B: The Tale of Years (Chronology of the Westlands), "The Third Age"
- ↑ The Atlas of Middle-earth, Thematic Maps, "Languages"
- ↑ The Hobbit