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Sept. 22, 2004 - For the past three years, Pima County Deputy Sheriff Joe Harvey has pored over documents, drained his life savings and spent countless hours defending himself against charges of beating a confession out of a suspect.
In September 2001, the highly decorated 14-year veteran patrol officer was fired for using excessive force in an arrest made almost two years before.
Harvey, 43, who has always maintained he did nothing wrong, fought his firing and was cleared a year later after 11 days of hearings by the county's Law Enforcement Merit System Council, which voted unanimously to reinstate him with back pay.
Instead of putting Harvey back to work, the Sheriff's Department placed him on paid administrative leave and appealed the ruling in Superior Court, which denied the appeal last October.
The department appealed the case once more to the Arizona Court of Appeals, which heard oral arguments Sept. 7. A decision on that case is pending.
At the center of the Sheriff's Department's case against Harvey is the man he arrested in 1999, petty burglar and three-time felon Michael Kollmann, who was ultimately convicted in the incident.
The details of the Kollmann case are well documented. The following account was taken from the Sheriff's Department homicide investigation on the night of the incident and its Shooting Review Board report three months later.
In the early morning hours of Dec. 28, 1999, a clerk at a Circle K at Cortaro Farms and Thornydale roads called 911 about a suspicious car parked at one of the store's gas pumps. Kollmann was asleep in the car, which was stolen, and had a warrant out for his arrest for violating probation. Methamphetamines and marijuana were later found in his system.
Pima County Deputy Sheriff Chris Rogers, one of several deputies responding to the call, approached the car and began to question a bleary-eyed Kollmann. When he couldn't provide any ID, Rogers asked him to step out of the car.
Instead, Kollmann revved the engine and "the vehicle then lurched forward… pushing Dep. Rogers against the pumps." Two other deputies at the scene and the convenience store clerk stated that they believed Kollmann was about to crush the deputy.
Rogers, fearing for his life, fired twice into the car, hitting Kollmann once in the neck. Miraculously, the bullet missed all vital structures.
The wounded man fled, leading deputies on a 15-mile high-speed chase through Oro Valley and the Northwest. Harvey, a squad leader in the Foothills District who was working in Catalina that night, got a call on the radio advising him there had been an "officer involved shooting." He joined the chase, which ended when officers cornered Kollmann in a cul-de-sac in the 8100 block of N. Midnight Way.
"… when (Kollmann) first stepped out of the vehicle his hands were up," Harvey told department homicide detectives that night. "And then he started to move his hands down… he didn't put 'em (sic) in his waistband or in his coat. We didn't give him a chance to."
Another deputy tackled him and then so did Harvey. "My understanding was there was an officer involved shooting and I wasn't quite sure who had done the shooting. Deputy Rogers did say (the suspect) tried to run him down but I didn't know if the suspect had also shot at him… In my mind, the suspect was armed and dangerous and he was trying to get away from us after he tried to kill another officer by running him down or by shooting him."
Once on the ground, Kollmann continued to fight. "I was extremely concerned that he had a weapon on him. That he would pull it out and during the struggle someone was going to be shot, either myself or the other deputies," stated Harvey. "So I butt-stroked him in the head with (the rubber end of) my shotgun." He stated he did that once more and then once in the back. "We were finally able to get his hands out and handcuff him." They found no weapon.
Now subdued, Kollmann was bleeding heavily. Harvey cut away part of the man's shirt and applied pressure to his throat to staunch the bleeding. "Then I started to talk to him. Asked him his name and where he lived. Asked him why he was in Tucson because he said he lived in Phoenix. He said he was here to visit his mother. Got his mother's name and address. Then I asked him why he ran. He said he was scared. I asked him why he tried to run over the deputy. Again he said he was scared." Harvey asked if he'd been drinking or using drugs. Kollmann replied that he'd smoked "quite a bit" of marijuana that night.
Harvey's sergeant, Roland Youngling, who had just arrived on the scene, observed that the suspect's eyes were glassy and had started to roll back in his head. He testified at the Merit System Council hearings that he saw the deputy slap Kollmann, repeating, "… come on buddy… wake up… wake up."
"My guy was bleeding out. I was trying to keep him conscious and find out what happened," Harvey told the Northwest EXPLORER.
Five months after his arrest, Kollmann sent two rambling letters from the Pima County Jail to the Sheriff's Department charging that Harvey and Rogers used excessive force and violated his civil rights.
In a June 1 reply to Kollmann, Sgt. Brad Foust, supervisor for the department's Internal Affairs Unit, wrote, "The incident you refer to was previously reviewed by the Department's Shooting Review Board and the deputy involved was exonerated of any malfeasance at that time. No further action will be taken in this matter."
In early December 2000, Kollmann, then 27, was tried for attempted murder of Deputy Rogers, assault on a police officer and felony flight.
The judge in that criminal case ruled Kollmann's answers to Harvey on the night of the arrest inadmissible in court. Jurors acquitted him of trying to harm Deputy Rogers but did convict him of felony flight. The judge sentenced him to three years in prison. A few weeks later, Kollmann filed an excessive force complaint against Pima County, Chris Rogers and Joe Harvey.
Over the next weeks or months, that lawsuit came to the attention of Pima County's Risk Management Director David Parker, who had been a San Diego cop 20 years earlier.
Parker, whose current job is to prevent and control financial losses to the county, testified at the hearings that he became worried about Harvey after speaking to an unnamed county investigator who told him Harvey had butt-stroked Kollmann in the head during the arrest.
Parker drew up a chronology of five other claims against Harvey, which were settled by the county at a cost of $227,438. Two were traffic claims - one a high-speed chase of a suspect - for which Harvey never denied responsibility. The other three were lawsuits claiming excessive force during arrest incidents.
"I noticed a pattern that, to me, looked like always having to win the situation at the moment," Parker testified at the hearing. "I also noticed that a shotgun was involved in several cases where I wasn't sure a shotgun was appropriate."
Upon questioning by Harvey's attorney Mike Storie, Parker conceded that he had not investigated the deputy's role in any of the three lawsuits and was unaware that the Sheriff's Department had cleared him in every instance.
Instead, the Risk Management director contacted the Sheriff's legal advisor at the time, Gerard Guerin. "I asked him to make sure the Sheriff's Department knew about it and to take whatever action they believed was appropriate."
Some time after that, Sheriff Clarence Dupnik and his senior command staff acquired a transcript of the Kollmann criminal trial.
In it, Kollmann's defense attorney cross-examined Harvey about the questions asked of his client on the night of the arrest.
Q: When you asked him the questions why he ran, that was maybe so you could get an incriminating response from him, yes or no?
A: I was trying to find out what happened.
Q: Well, that was to get an incriminating response from him though, right?
A: That is correct.
"What I was trying to say was anything you ask him can potentially be incriminating," Harvey told the Northwest EXPLORER. "I thought the guy was dying, there might be other parts of this case we want information about." As far as he knew at the time, the man had tried to kill one deputy already.
That testimony became the crux of the sheriff's case against Harvey.
"… it's my judgment that that conduct - and I'm talking about the hard slapping to the face under the circumstances to elicit the confession, in my judgment - and I'm not a lawyer - is a violation of a 1983 Civil Rights Act and is very egregious in and of itself," the sheriff testified at the hearings. "And that act alone, in my judgment, warrants termination."
A decade ago, the sheriff himself was named in a civil rights violation lawsuit, Cooper v. Dupnik. In 1986, Sheriff's Department deputies mistakenly took Michael Cooper into custody and grilled him for hours despite his requests to remain silent and call a lawyer. The department had received information from Tucson police fingerprint technicians, which wrongly identified Cooper as the "Prime Time Rapist." Cooper lost his job and apartment as a result.
In a lengthy 1992 ruling, the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit quoted Sheriff Dupnik as condoning such techniques if his deputies were trying to "save somebody else's life."
The court found in favor of Cooper, describing his experience as a "totalitarian nightmare," and a violation of his rights against self-incrimination and guarantee of due process.
According to newspaper accounts, the county and the city of Tucson paid $550,000 to settle the case in 1993.
In Harvey's case, the three deputies and a sergeant who were eyewitnesses to the Kollmann incident each testified that the deputy did nothing wrong.
"They paint this picture that I'm some rabid dog that goes out and beats on people," Harvey told the Northwest EXPLORER. "That's not true."
Lt. Terry Parish, Harvey's district commander on the night of the Kollmann arrest, served on the Shooting Review Board that looked into the incident a few months after it happened.
"I frankly have a difficult time referring to this as deadly physical force," he testified at the hearings.
He called it "remarkable that (Harvey) was able to accomplish his purpose without injuring this guy, and that purpose, making sure he didn't come out with a weapon and shoot the deputy standing there."
Parish said that to his knowledge, Kollmann suffered no injuries other than the shooting by Deputy Rogers.
"Did you review the medical reports?" asked Deputy County Attorney Leslie Lynch.
"No, it would have been an issue for the (shooting) board of inquiry if there were medical reports."
Lynch pressed the lieutenant further. "Is it unreasonable in your opinion for Sheriff Dupnik to believe that Deputy Harvey's purpose in slapping Mr. Kollmann that night was to elicit incriminating statements from him?"
"If you look at it in its entirety, I would say that's not an accurate assumption," Parish replied.
But Harvey had a history of disciplinary actions, mostly for profanity and car accidents, as well as a substantial number of complaints over 14 years of nights working the streets.
The Merit System Council report identified 79 complaints, 26 of them for excessive force.
Only nine of the 79 complaints were sustained, and "all 26 use-of-force complaints were either exonerated (his actions were appropriate) or unfounded (he did not do what was alleged)," according to the report.
One of the sheriff's top aides, Assistant Chief Martha Cramer, conceded at the hearings that the department often received false complaints.
"… we get people who want to get deputies in trouble and figure that's a good way to do it."
Merit System Council Hearing Officer Michael Hellon noted in his report that Harvey had "been a patrol deputy far longer than is the norm, that he has worked the most active shifts in the most active districts, and that a partial consequence is that he has received more complaints than is normal for a deputy."
Over his career, Harvey also received 101 commendations and letters. Sheriff Dupnik awarded him the Medal of Valor for saving the life of a pregnant woman who's estranged husband tried to kill her. The deputy also earned a Medal of Merit for pulling an unconscious victim out of a burning trailer.
Yet Harvey had come to be viewed as a financial liability.
"My feeling is if (Harvey) were restored to his job, that we would be subject to negligent retention," Cramer testified at the hearings. "If the County in this case were to keep an employee… knowing that… they might do something dangerous, completely out of line or illegal, then I think they would be retaining that person negligently and would be subject to a lawsuit and probably paying out a lot of money because of it."
Harvey had to go.
"I would say that the decision to terminate him came from the sheriff somewhere during the discussion or provision of the (Kollmann criminal) transcript," Cramer testified at the hearings. "There was a lot of discussion about how this was going to happen, how do we get past the problems that are involved in this and what's the best way to do this, so that we can accomplish the task of making sure that this man is not a deputy anymore."
Later, questioned by Storie at the hearings, Sheriff Dupnik denied he'd made such a decision and couldn't account for Cramer's testimony.
Sometime in early 2001, Cramer tasked Lts. Sanford Rosenthal and Chris Radtke to look into Harvey's history, both the "good and the bad."
In a June 7, 2001 memo to Cramer, Rosenthal wrote that after speaking with three of the deputies involved in the Kollmann arrest, "I believe the use of force by… Deputy Harvey was appropriate and within Department guidelines."
In late August 2001, Harvey was suspended anyway. In early September, the department launched an Internal Affairs investigation and re-interviewed the deputies involved in the Kollmann shooting.
Harvey was fired Sept. 24, 2001. His termination letter cited the Kollmann incident and several peripheral offenses, including being AWOL from duty for up to an hour to drive an intoxicated female friend home, a version of events Harvey has disputed.
"I'm bringing this girl home in her parents' car. I'm back in 15-20 minutes tops," he told the Northwest EXPLORER. "Her mother's in the front yard, there's nothing weird going on." As the squad leader in charge of the swing shift, he made arrangements for another deputy to pick him up and had his radio with him to take calls.
"If I was going to do sneaky stuff, I'm not going to call some deputy to help me. Married guys sneak around. I'm single, I don't need to do that," he said. "I ask who's making this allegation? I was told, 'Joe, we don't know, the commanders won't tell us, they're just ordering us to do this."
The termination letter also cited Harvey's repeated falsifying of jail booking sheets with emergency contacts listed as "Bill Clinton," address, "the White House," which he conceded he did as a "dumb joke" when no other contact information was available. Not one witness at the hearings could think of an occasion where booking sheets were ever used in court. There was also a confrontation with another officer at a shooting at Harvey's apartment complex while he was off duty.
The hearing officer concluded that none of the three incidents merited termination.
The lesser infractions fell away two weeks after Harvey's firing, when a memo by Lt. V. Fontes, of the department's Office of Special Investigations, cited the deputy's use of "excessive force" when he butt-stroked Kollmann as the reason the department's Disciplinary Review Board had recommended termination.
On a local radio show that aired last September, a caller asked Dupnik why a good cop like Harvey was sitting at home when he could be out on the street protecting people. Dupnik characterized Harvey as a rogue cop who "killed two people."
The sheriff failed to mention that in one of those instances, in 1999, he awarded the deputy a Medal of Valor. In the other, in 1992, a suspect reported to be shooting up the neighborhood tried to kill Harvey with a shotgun before the deputy shot him in self-defense. Two of Harvey's supervisors nominated him for the Medal of Valor for bravery in that incident.
Harvey thinks his standing in the department started to go downhill after that 1992 shooting, in which he killed Peter Gilbert Nunez, the nephew of an aide to Sheriff Dupnik. Although the deputy was cleared in the incident, the county later settled a lawsuit brought by the man's mother for $100,000.
"The command staff kept me at arm's length after that," he said. "For years I would put in for things - SWAT, K-9 Patrol." The department passed him over for promotions.
"But I never really wanted to leave patrol," he said. "So it was like throwing a rabbit into a briar patch."
Harvey stayed on the streets.
In the 1999 shooting, Harvey and another deputy, Sgt. Terry Parish Jr., an Oro Valley councilmember and the son of Lt. Terry Parish, each shot a suspect who pulled a gun on his estranged, pregnant wife. Both men received a Medal of Valor from Sheriff Dupnik for their actions in that case.
In April of this year, just before Kollmann's civil suit against Deputies Rogers and Harvey went to trial, Harvey ran into the county's top criminal prosecutor, Rick Unklesbay, at the Rincon Market.
"He said he was surprised we didn't call him as a witness. My ears perk up because this is news to me," Harvey told the Northwest EXPLORER. "He said a detective from Internal Affairs walked over the file on the Kollmann case because they wanted me criminally indicted and wanted him to give an opinion on the case."
Harvey said Unklesbay told him that he'd written an opinion letter verifying "not only did you not do anything criminal, but you showed great restraint in not shooting (Kollmann)."
Harvey's attorney Storie immediately called the prosecutor, who confirmed what he had told Harvey.
A flurry of letters went back and forth between Storie, the County Attorney's Office, the Sheriff's Department and attorney Chris Enos, who was about to defend Harvey in the civil lawsuit filed by Kollmann.
Later, Unklesbay told Storie that he couldn't find the letter and might have given a verbal opinion instead.
The county hired attorney Richard Davis to look into the matter. No letter was ever recovered.
Like Sheriff Dupnik and Leslie Lynch, Unklesbay could not speak on the matter because the case is still in litigation.
Even without the Unklesbay letter, Kollmann's long awaited excessive force suit evaporated like rain in the desert. The judge in the case heard Kollmann's evidence and that afternoon delivered a directed verdict clearing Harvey of any wrongdoing.
"There wasn't anything there," Enos said in an interview. "The court ruled that the force Joe used was justified and there was no evidence to show (he) did anything wrong."
The civil jury found in favor of Deputy Rogers. Kollmann got nothing.
In a June 1 letter to Sheriff Dupnik, Kollmann's own lawyer in the case, attorney David Hardy wrote, "We lost fair and square," and Harvey's "been cleared about as convincingly as a person can be in court."
In an interview, Hardy said it was the first and only such letter he'd ever written.
"I read through the file. The arguments made for firing him were awfully thin," he said. "I think they were worried about their liability in the Kollmann case. It was obvious there were no grounds for firing him at all. They didn't have guts enough to say it, so they drummed up a bunch of chicken feed to throw at him.
"They should have been good losers about it instead of continuing on a course where they've got to know they're going to lose, and at taxpayer expense," he said.
The county has now spent almost twice as much to get rid of Joe Harvey as it spent on claims filed against him.
Since March 2003, Harvey's been receiving his $49,500 annual salary to sit at home. There is also the matter of the deputy's $73,964 in back pay. Legal fees and expenses to date are in the neighborhood of $280,000.
"The gods do not give all virtues to one man; some of us are good at one thing, others at other things," Hardy wrote to the sheriff. "Deputy Harvey strikes me as the type of fellow who makes decisions and acts… if my butt or those of my family are ever on the line, please send Deputy Harvey! And that's from the fellow who sued him."
After Harvey's termination, the department went after his peace officer's certification. Because of the many legal proceedings involved in the case, the Arizona Peace Officers Standards and Training Board waited until August of this year to review it and make a determination.
All law enforcement officers in the state must be certified by AZPOST.
On Aug.18, the board declined to revoke Harvey's certification.
"The board reviewed the case and voted to take no action regarding Deputy Harvey's certification," said Tom Hammarstrom, AZPOST's executive director. Given the "totality of the circumstances, the board could not sustain a discipline action. Those elements weren't there.
"Did the behavior violate rules of the board? Excessive force would be one. Civil rights violations are, of course, federal matters."
Hammarstrom said. "One side of the story was the fear that the officer slapped him in an effort to extract information. The other side was that the slapping and questioning was to keep (Kollmann) awake." The board took the position that Harvey was attempting to keep the suspect conscious until paramedics arrived.
Sheriff Dupnik is a member of the 13-member board but did not attend that meeting.
The department's second legal appeal in the Harvey case was heard two weeks ago in the state Division Two Court of Appeals, but not before a draft opinion damaging to Harvey was published in the local press.
Attorney Lyle Aldridge, representing the Sheriff's Department, told the court that the Merit Council did not have the authority to overrule the sheriff's judgment and reinstate the deputy.
"It's important that the decision remains with the Sheriff," Aldridge said. "He's the one who's answerable to the voters."
In 1999, the Pima County Board of Supervisors adopted a new rule giving its Merit System Commission broader authority to decide employment issues for public workers.
"Within days, Sheriff Dupnik filed a special action," challenging the new rule, said attorney Barry Corey, who represented the Council. At that time, the same court denied relief to the sheriff.
Based on its prior ruling, Corey asked the court to reject its draft opinion in the Harvey case.
"Mr. Aldridge has said the employee prevailed so the sky is falling, the system's broke, but that's not the truth. It worked the way it was supposed to," Storie told the appellate judges.
The court's decision on the matter is pending.
"The worst that can happen is they send it back to the (council)," to decide the matter under the old standard, Storie said.
After three years of eating, breathing and sleeping his case, and every day walking "on shifting sand," Harvey only wants to clear his name and get back to the job he loves.
"I made a conscious decision to marry this job years and years ago. It's like she fools around on you but you still love her and don't want to let her go," he said. "If I don't go back, then why fight to clear my name? Why go through this hell, this nightmare?"
Harvey grew up in a tough neighborhood on the south side of Tucson. His father beat him until the age of 7, and then abandoned the family.
"I told myself someday I was going to be in a position where I was going to defend myself. "People told me you're no good, you're never going to amount to anything," he said. "Now my department tells me you're no good, you're a criminal, you're out of here. I can't run away from that. I have to do everything I can to prove I didn't do those things - if they say I beat a confession out of a guy - I can't let that go - that didn't happen.
"At every turn I've won - how many times do I have to keep proving I didn't do anything wrong?"
THE DISPUTE: Timeline
Dec. 1999: Petty burglar and felon Michael Kollmann shot by Deputy Chris Rogers who believed Kollmann was about to crush him against a gas pump island with his car. After a 15-mile chase, Deputy Joe Harvey arrests Kollmann, hitting him with the rubber end of his shotgun in order to subdue him. Harvey asks him why he ran and other questions and slaps the suspect as he begins to lose consciousness. Detectives interview all participants and eyewitnesses that night.
March 2000: Shooting Review Board reviews Kollmann arrest and finds no wrongdoing by either deputy.
May 2000: Kollmann files jailhouse complaint with Internal Affairs charging excessive force was used in his arrest.
June 2000: IA replies that the matter was investigated and the complaint is considered closed.
Dec. 2000: Criminal trial convicts Kollmann of felony flight but acquits him of trying to harm Dep. Rogers. He files a civil lawsuit against Pima County, Deps. Rogers and Harvey for excessive force.
Early 2001: Pima County Risk Management/Sheriff's Department command staff learn Harvey hit Kollmann in the head with the butt end of his shotgun while arresting him.
June 2001: Lieutentant tasked to investigate Harvey writes memo finding Harvey's actions justified.
Aug. 2001: Harvey suspended.
Sept. 2001: IA launches another investigation of Harvey, who is fired a few weeks later. Harvey appeals his firing to the Pima County Law Enforcement Merit System Council.
Oct. 2001: Disciplinary Review Board finds Harvey used excessive force in the Kollmann arrest.
Dec. 2001: 11 days of county Law Enforcement Merit System Council hearings begin.
July 2002: Merit Council releases 32-page report on Harvey case.
Sept. 2002: Council votes unanimously to reinstate Harvey with back pay.
Dec. 2002: Back pay hearing held.
Jan/Feb. 2003: Sheriff files special action to keep Harvey off payroll.
March 2003: Superior Court denies special action. Harvey reinstated.
Sept. 2003: Superior Court denies Sheriff's Department appeal to overturn Council's reinstatement of Harvey. Sheriff Dupnik characterizes Harvey as a murderer on local radio show.
March 2004: Sheriff's Department files second appeal with state Division Two Court of Appeals.
May 2004: Kollmann loses civil lawsuit after the court finds in favor of Deps. Harvey and Rogers.
Aug. 2004: Harvey's attorney files defamation lawsuit against Sheriff Dupnik for his remarks on radio show. AZPOST declines to revoke Harvey's law enforcement certification.
Sept. 04: Division Two Court of Appeals hears oral arguments; draft opinion damaging to Harvey leaked to local media. A decision is pending.


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Ever wondered what it takes to paint an aircraft? We take a look behind the scenes as Monarch aircraft G-OZBZ is given a fresh new look before it enters into service in the Monarch fleet.
The story in numbers:
• Monarch aircraft model A321 – registration G-OZBZ
• 9 days to paint the aircraft fuselage & fin
• 10 to 12 aircraft painting specialists, each with 10 to 20 years experience
• 360 litres of primer & paint
• Paint layers no more than 250 microns (0.25mm) thick on completion
First step, checks and scaffolding
The first task was to fly G-OZBZ down to a specialist aircraft painting company in Bournemouth called Airbourne Colours. The A321 would spend about 9 days being stripped down and repainted by a team of 10 to 12 highly experienced specialist painters each with 10 to 20 years experience. The team in Bournemouth would be in constant communication with Monarch operations teams and engineers during this time.
When G-OZBZ first arrived at the painter's hangar, a Monarch engineer carried out an acceptance check on the aircraft. This check included removal of window wipers and a series of other tasks such as disconnecting batteries.
Next, the painting specialist's hangar supervisor and a Monarch engineer worked together to check on the condition of the current paintwork and assessed any damage. While this check was carried out, a team put scaffolding into place around the aircraft. There had to be enough scaffolding to give access to every point of the aircraft during the painting process.
Second step, masking and stripping
There are two kinds of paint job that you can give an aircraft – a strip or an abrade (otherwise known as a 'rub'). A strip involves the use of chemical washes to remove the paint back to bare metal. During a 'rub' the aircraft fuselage (the body of the plane) is sanded back to a smooth finish ready to accept paint.
Generally the fuselage and fin are stripped as these are made of metal but the engines and wings and rubbed as they are made of composite materials.
G-OZBZ needed a fuselage strip and repaint, so the next step was to cover or 'mask' all the areas which needed to be protected from sanding dust and paint overspray, for example the cockpit and cabin windows. As the wings weren't being painted (just the ends were to be painted yellow), these were also masked. Masking was also applied to sensitive items such as ports, antennae, aerials and engine intakes.
The metallic areas were then chemically stripped back to bare metal, a process which includes a power wash and alkaline shampoo. The tail fin and engine cowlings (covers) are made of composite materials, so these were abraded, followed by a solvent wash. Once all the paint was removed and sealants checked and repaired or replaced, Monarch engineers carried out a bare metal inspection to check the state of the aircraft before painting commenced.
Then, it's time to paint
After masking, a team of 10 to 12 people hand-sprayed primer to the fuselage.
Once the primer was dry, a layer of white paint was applied to the fuselage.
Next, yellow paint was sprayed on to the tail and once dry, the indigo was applied to the underneath of the fuselage and Monarch's famous spotty M logo was added to the tail.
There are a number of mandatory markings and Monarch titles that need to be put on the aircraft. These are a combination of decals (industrial stickers) and paint. The Monarch title for instance was applied by placing a massive spray mask (or stencil) over the fuselage and spraying the mask with paint.
Aircraft paints are designed to be tough in order to withstand extreme environmental conditions as well as corrosion, chemicals, and rain erosion. However, unlike paint you might use to protect your home, aircraft paints also need to be incredibly lightweight and the completed paint job was allowed to be no more than 250 microns thick (0.25mm or about 0.01 inches).
Taking all the primer, white, yellow, purple basecoat and the clear coat together, the total amount of paint used was about 360 litres.
Finally, it's very important to the safe and efficient operation of commercial aircraft that we know how much everything weighs. When the painting was complete, G-OZBZ was given a 'calculated reweigh', which compared the thickness of the new paint to the original paint. These figures were sent to a loadmaster company to produce accurate trim data for the aircraft, which will be used eventually by the pilots and other people in operations.
Ready for take off!
What do you think of the final result? Does G-OZBZ look presentable? Share your thoughts in the comments below
Great article, I love how Monarch takes the time and effort to connect with their audience. Definitely one of the best users of social media in the industry. Fab stuff.

subset: commoncrawl


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The boat wallpaper
Oh-so-beautiful wallpaper.
What a lovely illustration. I love her hair as the waves. This is a glicee print, so archival and ready to slip in a frame.
There's something about this that I just love. It makes me think of Pinnocchio, and has enough whimsy, menace and adventure that it'll make for a curious curiousity in whatever capacity in whatever home.
I love boats, makes me wonder if I was a sailor in a past life.


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What's Hot in Docs?
From crowd funding, to worthy subject matters, Sarah Cooper looks at the issues that have been getting the documentary world talking at this year's Sheffield Doc/Fest.
Restricted Content
Registration is required to read the entire article and to gain access to other restricted areas of the website


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Partner & Chief Creative Officer, McKinney Daniele Fiandaca, Head of Innovation, Cheil Worldwide | 09 Aug 2013
Big Data doesn't necessarily tell the truth, it can be manipulated. I am not saying that statistics and research are not valid. If the data is good and can be used in the correct way to give you insights, not answers, then I am fine with it. The lie of Big Data is that it gives you answers. It doesn't. Big Data gives you insights, from which you need to derive insights. It doesn't tell you as a marketer or an agency 'go do that', which is what people think. It also keeps people away from using their instincts and common sense at times.
Jonathan Cude joined McKinney in 2003 as Group Creative Director from Wieden+Kennedy. He was made Chief Creative Officer in 2008. As Partner and Chief Creative Officer, Cude's team has won virtually every major award from Cannes Lions and One Show Pencils to IAB MIXX Awards (including the inaugural best of show) and 12 Effies.
Daniele Fiandaca is Head of Innovation at Cheil Worldwide. As is known, Cheil Worldwide acquired McKinney last year. Prior to joining Cheil, Fiandaca ran his own consultancy, Digital Fauna. In the course of his career, Fiandaca has dealt with a wide array of clients, including Apple, ASICS, COI, Converse, Johnson & Johnson, Lufthansa, MINI, Nike, Pepsico and Samsung. He started his career at Profero, where he helped grow the agency from a small London shop to a 300 person global agency with offices in over 10 countries.
In conversation with exchange4media's Priyanka Mehra, Cude and Fiandaca speak about why big data doesn't work for them, simplifying communication and more...
Q. What is McKinney's approach to innovation taking forward from the 'McKinney 10 per cent' philosophy?
Jonathan Cude: McKinney is all about people. 'McKinney 10 per cent', as it is known, is all about encouraging employees to set aside time to invent and build anything they want; McKinney has a very builder and innovative bend. A lot of agencies want to do things like this, but can't do it because of the way they are set up. They can't just get their employees to set aside 10 per cent of their time aside to innovate; just to use their time on how they want to do things differently. In fact, we have made it a mandate by including it in their time-sheets.
With the advent of digital, instead of spinning off an e-McKinney or i-McKinney, we inserted digital into the mainstream agency. This has kept us ahead of all other agencies.
Q. What is your approach to Big Data?
Jonathan Cude: Big Data doesn't necessarily tell the truth, it can be manipulated. I am not saying that statistics and research are not valid. If the data is good and can be used in the correct way to give you insights, not answers, then I am fine with it.
Have you heard of the saying: 'There are Lies, Big lies and Statistics'? The lie of Big Data is that it gives you answers. It doesn't. Big Data gives you insights, from which you need to derive insights. It doesn't tell you as a marketer or an agency 'go do that', which is what people think. It also keeps people away from using their instincts and common sense at times.
Daniele Fiandaca: I hate Big Data. As a term if you can ask people what Big Data is, they don't have answers, and anything that confuses people is not a good thing. It was invented by consultants on the premise that there is so much data, you need the right tools to get the right insights. We've always had data, so what is new is that the volume has increased, that's all. What is really interesting to me is real time data, and if Big Data can help me get that, I'd love it.
Q. How do integrate strength within the agency globally?
Daniele Fiandaca: You have to know each other at a senior level. What is great about Cheil is that we have regular meetings, we have a global planning workshop, where the best brains from around the world come and share stuff; so within the global team we know where there are pockets of skill sets. We also build centres of excellence such as the Digital Centre of Excellence that we have in the UK to help leverage our strengths and resources.
Q. Cheil Worldwide acquired McKinney last year. How has the acquisition helped McKinney?
Jonathan Cude: One of the reasons why we wanted to be with the Cheil organisation was the scale and ability, moreover it is still an independent agency which isn't a WPP or an Omnicom. The spirit of the agency is something is something that we wanted to be part of and access the talent. One of things that we didn't have the ability to do at McKinney prior to joining Cheil was global reach and scale. If a pitch came up, clients have said to us in the past 'we love you guys, but you just don't have the global reach and scale'. That is no longer an issue.
Q. What is your approach to simplifying communication in the complex media world today?
Jonathan Cude: When all else fails, just simplify, just go back to media. And what is media? It is an idea where people meet, this opens up everything; you are then not struggling to find platforms. It goes back to knowing your audience and how and where they live. People don't meet on a billboard. Clients are important in making the decisions when it comes to experimenting with new media.
Q. Are clients experimenting enough with new media?
Jonathan Cude: Small clients go either risky or very conservative, because they have a small amount of money. It may feel risky at the moment because you have to go all in with small resources; you can't slice small resources. Big clients can slice up their budgets, but clients that try new things are the ones that succeed; the biggest risk of all is not taking a risk, it is being invisible. Good advertising is all about what people care about.
Programming HeadRadio Mango


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Rimmel London Extra Wow Lash Mascara
Rimmel London Extra Wow Lash Mascara Reviews
not the best mascaraFirst of all, the brush isn't very good. The formula is very clumpy and causes my eyelashes to stick together. It only works well for me when i wipe off a lot of the mascara off of the brush. — 5 years, 6 months agomihshelle | 182 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 0 of 1 people said helpful
nothing specialfor the 4 dollar price tag, u cant expect much. i dont like the design of the brush, it tapers at the end but was not designed great, so its not the best at catching the small lashes on the ends. The mascara clumos up at the tapered end and u have to wipe it off before applying. Once its on, it looks fine, nothing dramatic, but does help with lengthening, although it seems to make my lashes look a little mroe sparse.. — 5 years, 10 months agokatiecourtney | 172 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 2 of 3 people said helpful
It's awesome!I ran out of this really fast but I guess that's to be expected due to the price. I would compare it to the Illegal Length mascara by Maybelline, they both work well. My lashes look longer and fuller without looking too clumpy which I hate. I'm pretty picky when it comes to mascara and this one works fine for me! Great mascara for a great price! Highly recommended. — 4 years agoalexagarrison | 14 reviews
This review is: Helpful | Not helpful | Inappropriate | 0 of 0 people said helpful
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"Wickedly hot..." GREY'S LADY. He fascinated her. She wanted him. She seduced him. She had him. Now she's ready to go her own merry way. But he's determined to possess her, body and soul. What can bring a ruthless, powerful gentleman to his knees?
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Haruka Amami from "The Idolmaster" sends her greetings from Angelic Island! She waves merrily, posing on her star-shaped stand, wearing her sweet pearly-white bikini dressed up with ruffles and bows; there's even a delicate golden necklace for her to wear. Two tiny seashells and a starfish are also included to decorate the base as you like. Make her yours today!
Please note a prototype is shown; the production version may vary. Mass-produced products may show minor inconsistencies in paint and finish, which are not considered defects.


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SHEPHERDSVILLE - It has a rich history which needs to be preserved. And members of a small group is hoping to gather the resources to save and to restore the last African American schoolhouse in Bullitt County.
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NEW YORK (Sep. 11)
Rabbi Alexander Schindler, president of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations (UAHC), has called on Foreign Minister Yitzhak Shamir of Israel "not to yield to the demand of the Aguda Party" for a change in Israel's Law of Return that would hold invalid all conversions made by Conservative and Reform rabbis.
Schindler said in a letter to the newly-elected leader of the Herut Party, who is now seeking to form a new government to succeed Premier Menachem Begin's, that non-Orthodox Jews "constitute the overwhelming majority of American and world Jewry. The proposed change would in effect rule us all out of the Jewish fold and would shatter that unity which is essential to our survival."
The American Reform Jewish leader recalled that Begin, "while personally sympathetic to a more traditional point of view, nevertheless always understood that the passage of such a law would plunge the Jewish world into a kulturkampf whose only result would be national suicide."
For this reason, Schindler continued, "as Prime Minister, Mr. Begin always insisted that this matter never be subject to party discipline. As a consequence, the effort always proved abortive. When Knesset members were permitted to vote as their conscience dictated, they rejected any change in the Law of Return. I beg you not to make Jewish unity a bargaining chip on the table of political power."


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Starting out
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C Tutorial
Source Code
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Bitwise And in C and C++
integral-value & integral-value;& is a bitwise operator; it operates on each individual bit of its two arguments, performing an and operation. For each bit position in the two values, if the bits of both arguments are set to 1, then the result has a bit of 1 in that bit position. Otherwise, it has a value of 0.
For example, if you have binary 0010 and 0110, then bitwise and of the two values returns 0010.
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Christina Milian Flaunts Toned Bikini Body on Instagram (PHOTO)
Christina Millian is on a mission to get back into her best shape yet. She posted a past photo of herself in a teeny red bikini on Instagram, all in an effort to keep her motivated and focused.
The social media correspondent for NBC's The Voice captioned the photo: "This will be my body by spring! You ready?!"
Milian, 31, is taking advantage of the New Year by jumping on board with millions of others and taking on a fitness and diet regimen to get herself back into her pre-baby bod.
The new mommy tweeted about her motivations to get back into her favorite revealing bikini within a few month's time.
"I'm determined to have this body back #throwbackthursday," she tweeted.
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Take CableTV.com's Advice and Make DIRECTV Your Next TV Service Provider
If you're looking for a new TV
service, DIRECTV has been rated the best among television services
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Wave, May / June 2014
What is measles?
Measles, also known as reobela, is a viral infection that causes a rash, high fever, and cough. It is caused by the measles virus, a member of the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae.
Measles can lead to a number of health problems, including sore throat, ear infection, diarrhea, or pneumonia. Sometimes, measles may lead to inflammation of the brain and seizures. Although death from measles is rare in Canada, it is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths in children worldwide, according to Health Canada.
Are measles, roseola and rubella the same thing?
No. Measles, roseola (also called baby measles) and rubella (German measles) are all caused by different viruses and are distinctly different diseases. Roseola and rubella are often mistaken for measles.
I understand cases of measles in Canada are on the rise. Why?
Although immunization is recommended, many children get measles each year because they have not been vaccinated. A number of cases this year have been attributed to unvaccinated people becoming infected while travelling in countries where immunization rates are low, and then returning home where they then spread the virus. There have also been cases of people becoming infected locally. There have been eight laboratory-confirmed cases of measles reported in Manitoba as of May 6.
How do measles spread?
Measles is spread through the air by coughing or sneezing. It can be transmitted from four days before the rash appears to four days after. Measles usually lasts between 10 and 14 days.
Measles is highly contagious and can be spread easily through the air, or through contact with fluids from the nose or throat. The virus can pass from person to person by coughing, sneezing or sharing food or drinks.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms occur seven to 18 days after exposure. The infected person will first get a fever that can peak as high as 39.4 to 40.6 degrees Celsius (103 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit) and last two to four days. The fever is followed by symptoms such as a dry cough, runny nose, red and swollen eyes, nasal congestion, sneezing, and white spots inside the mouth. The rash, which appears three to seven days after exposure, starts on the face, then spreads down the trunk and out to the arms and legs. The rash lasts five to six days.
How are measles treated?
There is no cure for measles. Current treatment focuses on relieving the symptoms and can include:
- Adding moisture to the air with a vaporizer to ease symptoms. Nose drops and cough medicine may help relieve a stuffy nose and cough.
- Giving your child plenty of fluids to drink.
- Dimming bright lights if your child's eyes are sensitive.
- Giving acetaminophen or ibuprofen to control fever. Children under 18 years of age should not take aspirin or products containing salicylate (such as Pepto-Bismol) because of the risk of Reye's syndrome, unless recommended by a health-care provider. Giving a sponge bath with lukewarm water may help bring down a high fever.
When should I call my child's health-care provider?
Call your health-care provider if your child becomes listless or has a high fever that lasts more than four days. Also call if the child has a severe headache, earache, or a cough that lasts four to five days with yellow or green mucous. Seek emergency medical treatment if the child has trouble breathing or has seizures.
It is important to stay home from work, school or child care as measles is highly contagious. If you need to seek medical attention, call before you go so the medical service can take the precautions needed to keep you isolated from all other clients. Keep your child away from people who have not had measles or have not had a vaccination for measles, especially pregnant women.
Can measles be prevented?
Yes. The best way to guard against measles is to get immunized. The same is true for mumps and rubella. The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine contains weakened forms of these viruses that do not cause disease. The vaccine is approved by Health Canada. MMR is now available combined with the chicken pox vaccine (varicella), MMRV.
When you and your child are immunized, you also help protect others because someone who is immunized is less likely to spread infection.
Other precautions you can take include:
- Avoid sharing personal items such as water bottles, lip gloss and cigarettes.
- Cover your nose and mouth with your forearm or tissue when you cough or sneeze.
- Wash your hands often with soap and water or clean them with alcohol-based sanitizer if soap and water are not available, especially after coughing or sneezing.
Who should get immunized?
All children 12 months of age or older should get the MMR vaccine. The vaccine is usually given to children in a series of two shots. The first shot is given between 12 and 15 months of age and the second between four and six years of age.
All adults born in 1970 or later should be immunized with one dose of MMR, unless you have:
- Documented evidence of receiving measles-containing vaccine on or after your first birthday.
- Laboratory evidence of immunity.
- A history of laboratory-confirmed measles infection.
Adults born before 1970 are generally presumed to have acquired natural immunity to measles. However, some of these individuals may be susceptible to measles.
If you are a health-care worker, student, military personnel or traveller, talk to your health-care provider. You may require two doses of MMR vaccine. If you are uncertain about whether you or your child should get immunized, contact your health-care provider or public health office. They can arrange to have you or your child receive a vaccination, which may be given within three days after exposure.
Who should NOT get the MMR vaccine?
- Pregnant women
- Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of the MMR vaccine, or to any of the contents of the vaccine (ex. neomycin).
- Anyone with a severely weakened immune system. But, anyone with HIV infection should check with their doctor about getting the MMR vaccine.
- Anyone who had immune globulins or any other blood products in the past year should speak to their doctor or public health nurse before getting the MMR vaccine.
Anyone who has any of the following should speak with a doctor or public health nurse before they are given the MMR vaccine:
- A severe allergy to eggs
- Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
- A history of convulsions (or family history)
- Anyone who currently has a high fever. (The vaccine can still be given if the illness is mild, like a cold.)
Audra Kolesar is a registered nurse and manager with Health Links - Info Santé, the Winnipeg Health Region's telephone health information service.
The information for this column is provided by Health Links - Info Santé. It is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a health care professional. You can access health information from a registered nurse 24 hours a day, seven days a week by calling Health Links - Info Santé. Call 204-788-8200 or toll-free 1-888-315-9257.


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Home Concert Tickets R&B/Urban Soul James Argent
James Argent Tickets
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|From: Jay McCarthy (jay.mccarthy at gmail.com)
Date: Tue Apr 17 09:03:23 EDT 2007
It appears the moddep requires PLaneT which requires url.ss. But, serialize only uses `collapse-module-path' paths, which do not use the planet function under any path. (The other functionality of moddep appears to be `resolve-mod-path', which does use planet.) It appears the two functionalities of moddep could be split apart. Who owns moddep? Jay On 4/17/07, Matthew Flatt <mflatt at cs.utah.edu> wrote: > At Tue, 17 Apr 2007 08:40:29 -0400, "Jay McCarthy" wrote: > > Interesting. However, I think there still might be a bug. > > > > I've updated and now when I change that file and run mzscheme on it: > > > > ~/Development/plt/src/plt/trunk/collects/net > > jay $ mzscheme -mvt url-structs.ss > > standard-module-name-resolver: cycle in loading at > > #<path:/Users/jay/Development/plt/src/plt/trunk/collects/net/url-structs.ss>: > > (#<path:/Users/jay/Development/plt/src/plt/trunk/collects/net/url-structs.ss> > > #<path:/Users/jay/Development/plt/src/plt/trunk/collects/net/url-structs.ss>) > > > > Perhaps there is a bug in serialize that makes it require itself? > > Try using the DrScheme module browser on "serialize.ss" (with the > unmodified "url-structs.ss"), and I think you'll see that it depends on > "url-structs.ss". > > Most of the chain is missing in the error because the modules are > already compiled to ".zo" form, which means the load nesting doesn't > reflect the require chain. That's something we can improve some day. > > Matthew > > -- Jay McCarthy <jay.mccarthy at gmail.com> http://jay.teammccarthy.org
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DEA CIBELE, lovely and cozy flat
Size38 m²
Floor No.
- Parking available
- Family/child friendly
- Kitchen
- Towels
- Balcony/terrace
- Internet/WiFi
- Dishwasher
- Washer/dryer
Accommodation summary
|Via Cibele, 00175 Roma, Italy
|Property type
|Property ID
|Acceptance rate
|Response time
|A few hours
|Calendar updated
|More than half a year ago
Delightful newly renovated apartment is located within walking distance of Villa Teresa, making it ideal if you are looking for accommodation for more than 4 people, but you want to have the freedom of two neighboring apartments!
The apartment has one bedroom and a living room with kitchenette that contains a sofa bed, there is also a private outdoor courtyard to have breakfast in the morning, or relax a bit, after a' hard day for the streets of Rome!
A well-stocked cafe and classic roman bakery are just 200 m walk away.
In the neighborhood you can also find all kinds of services: restaurants, shops, bars, bakeries, pubs, supermarkets, local market of fruits and vegetables, a swimming pool, sauna and much more emenities at excellent prices (everything here costs half that in the city center!!)
The Subway stop "Porta Furba" (line A, directly connected to the major turist attractions in the centre) is easily reachable 10 minutes on foot.
In 15 minutes you are at the "Piazza di Spagna", from there you can walk to Piazza di Spagna, Piazza del Popolo, Vatican, Trevi Fountain, Pantheon, Piazza Venezia, Colosseum, Roman Forum, Circus Maximus, Campo de 'Fiori , Mouth of Truth, and many famous roman churches and museums in the area.
Or you can use the subway to get to these places fa little faster!
The rent of the apartment also includes:
Distances from the Airports and Stations:
From Fiumicino Airport approximately 1 hour ( by train + subway + 10 min walk)
From Ciampino airport approximately 15/30 min( by bus + subway + 10 min walk)
From Termini Station approximately 25 min ( by subway + 10 min walk)
From Tuscolana Station approximately 15 min ( by subway + 10 min walk)
If you arrive by car:
From Fiumicino Airport (FCO) approximately 1 hour
From Ciampino Airport approximately 20-30 min
From Termini Station approximately 20-30 min
Before your arrival, you will be given all the information needed to easily arrive
House rulesPlease follow some rules because your stay, and that the next guest is nice! Thanks!
Do not smoke in the house, you can do outside in the garden!
No pets allowed
Do not throw any leftovers in the sink and the dishwasher
Do not walk with shoes on the carpets, if you can use slippers, when you're at home, I would be very grateful:-)
Never leave house keys attached behind the door when you leave the apartment
Check-in: from 3pm to 8 pm
Check-out time: before 10 am
(different arrival times to be agreed with the owner)
|Weekly rate for up to 2 guests
|€ 421
|Monthly rate for up to 2 guests
|€ 1263
|Price for > 2 guests
|€ 11 per guest/night extra
|Check-in After
|Check-in before
|On arrangement
|Check-out Before
|Cancellation Policy
Reviews of this property
We were very pleased with our stay at this flat. The rooms were very clean and the location is okay. Daniela was friendly and very helpful. Good value. :))
We stayed one night clean and beautiful apartment with all the comforts, recommended to our next stay in Rome will choose this apartment.
Siamo stati una notte appartemento bellissimo pulito e con tutti i confort, consigliato, al nostro prossimo soggiorno a Roma sceglieremo questo appartamento.
We spent one night in this lovely apartment and we had a great time. House small but cozy, with all the necessary amenities, ideal for a stay of 2 or 4 people. Real Pics propritaria and gentle. Great experience ..
Abbiamo trascorso, una notte in questo delizioso appartamento e ci siamo trovati benissimo. Casa piccola ma molto accogliente, con tutti i comfort necessari, ottima per un soggiorno di 2 o 4 persone. Foto reali e propritaria gentilissima. Ottima esperienza..
Highly recommended, friendly and helpful person. Apartment perfect and clean ... Compliments.
Consigliatissimo, persona gentile e disponibile. Appartamento perfetto e pulitissimo... Complimenti.
- Quality assured accommodation
- Every host is verified by telephone
- Secure payment via SSL encryption


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Convictions based on violent offenses can carry some of the harshest penalties under Ohio law. For this reason, it is imperative to consult with a criminal defense attorney at the earliest stage of the prosecution or investigation. The penalties for these crimes range from light prison sentences and fines for less serious offenses to the death penalty for conviction of aggravated murder. Because the penalties can be harsh, it is important to consult with an Ohio criminal defense attorney as soon as possible.
The crime of kidnapping is defined in Ohio Revised Code § 2905.01. It states that it is illegal to restrain the liberty of another person through force, threat or deception, or by any means in order to:
This crime is a felony, but can be charged as a felony of the first or second degree.
The crime of abduction is defined in Ohio Revised Code § 2905.02, which states it is illegal to:
Furthermore, it is illegal to do anything prohibited in the above three sections with a sexual motivation. The crime of abduction can be charged as a felony of the second or third degree, depending on which prohibition is violated.
The crime of unlawful restraint is defined in Ohio Revise Code § 2905.03, which states it is illegal to:
The crime of unlawful restraint is a misdemeanor of the third degree.
The crime of assault is defined in §2903.13 of the Ohio Revised Code and occurs when a person knowingly causes or attempts to cause physical harm, or serious physical harm, to another person or a person's unborn child.
Assault can be a misdemeanor of the first degree, or felony of the third, fourth or fifth degree, depending on the victim and place where the offense occurred.
The crime of aggravated assault is defined in Ohio Revised Code § 2903.12, and occurs when a person causes serious physical harm to another or to another's unborn, or causes or attempts to cause physical harm to another or to another's unborn by using a deadly weapon, when provoked or in the heat of passion or rage.
The crime of aggravated assault is either a felony of the third or fourth degree, depending on the victim.
Ohio Revised Code § 2903.03 defines the crime of voluntary manslaughter. This offense occurs when a person knowingly causes the death of another person or the unlawful termination of another's pregnancy while under the influence of sudden passion or in a sudden fit of rage, either of which is brought on by serious provocation on the part of the victim.
Voluntary Manslaughter is a felony of the first degree.
The crime of involuntary manslaughter is defined in Ohio Revised Code § 2903.04, and occurs when a person causes the death of another or unlawfully terminates the pregnancy of another by:
If the death or termination of the pregnancy occurred during the felony, then the crime is a felony of the first degree. However, if it occurred during the misdemeanor then it is a felony of the third degree.
Murder is defined in Ohio Revised Code § 2903.02, and occurs where a person purposefully causes the death of another person or unlawfully terminate another person's pregnancy. A person can also commit this offense if they cause the death of another person from the commission of a first or second degree felony. According to Ohio Rev. Code § 2901.22, a person acts purposely when it is his specific intention to cause a certain result, or, when the gist of the offense is a prohibition against conduct of a certain nature, regardless of what the offender intends to accomplish thereby, it is his specific intention to engage in conduct of that nature.
The crime of aggravated murder is defined in Ohio Revised Code § 2903.01, which states it is illegal to:
Also, the crime specifically applies to purposely causing the death of a law enforcement officer whom the offender knows or has reasonable cause to know is a law enforcement officer when either of the following applies:
Below are the basic penalties for convictions of violent crimes in Ohio, although these basic sentences may be enhanced or amended depending on the individual circumstances of the case, including the offender's criminal history, age of the victim, or whether a different, mandatory sentence is imposed.
If you would like to consult a Cleveland criminal defense attorney regarding your criminal charges, you can contact Thomas G. Haren at Haren Law, LLC at (216) 503-2232.
Please remember that this is not legal advice. It is presented for informational purposes only.
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These tires came with my Cadillac and have provided excellent wear and performance. There is still quite a lot of tread remaining and they do not show any cracks. However one of the tires has developed a annoying whomping sound like it has a flat spot and a scrubbing feeling while turing and accelerating. The whomp is especially noticable at city speeds (30 to 40 MPH). I had the dealer balance and rotate the tires but it just moved the noise to another part of the car. I had an independent mechanic inspect them and he affirmed that the was a high spot in one of the tires. These tires have a lot of tread on them however I find that I have to replace them if I am to enjoy the quiet and smooth ride of this Cadillac.
By Vehicle | By Tire


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THIS week we are taking a look at one of the Weymouth area's longest-running and most successful football teams – Upwey and Broadwey FC.
Interest was sparked by a photograph sent in by reader Barry Kerslake, who asked for names of the players.
We were then contacted by John Restorick, the son of Norman Restorick who helped get the team back on its feet in 1948 after the Second World War.
John has decades of club documents and photographs, including immaculate match graphs, committee minutes and individual match reports.
Upwey and Broadwey historian Sue Virgin also got in touch with details, records and photographs and here is a selection for your interest.
One vital document that John found was the team sheet for the Mr Kerslake's photo, which was taken on March 9, 1957 and was before a home match against Blandford which the Upwey and Broadwey team lost 3-1.
The 'remarks re: referee' column has just one word – 'poor'. The players that day were J Morris, E Saban, B Kerslake, J Stone, D Groves, T Pitman, R Pitman, H Squibb, D Bryant, G Carter and W Sheppard.
As the men returned from the war the cricket and football clubs flourished once more. Football found a home at The Plot, which was a field between Southbrook House and Prospect Place.
A public footpath ran down the northern side of the field linking the Dorchester Road at its junction with Prospect Place to Church Street, emerging between Southbrook House and the disused chapel. The field's owner gave permission for this to become the home ground of the Bincombe and District Youth Football Club run by William Beck from Ropers Buildings.
In 1948 Norman Restorick took over, kicking off the Upwey and Broadwey FC.
A hut was provided as changing rooms and goal posts erected on the gently sloping ground. Several springs ran through the field and in wet weather the lower part of the pitch turned into a mudbath.
In their first season Don Legg (the youngest of five sons from Icen Farm) was top goal scorer.
His impressive 36 goals during the season helped to place the club in the fourth section of the Dorset League.
The following season saw the club establish themselves as quite a force to be reckoned with in the minor leagues.
However, sadly, the club never made it to the heady heights of the Combination League because of the quality of their pitch.
The club officials at this time included chairman M Taylor; secretary Norman Restorick; S Carter; S Masters and Fred Strange who was trainer for many years. Bert Hart was ground caretaker, living close by in Chesterfield Place. In July 1960, the team disbanded partly due to lack of volunteers to manage the club, but in the 1970s and 80s the three local pubs, The Masons, The Ship and Royal Standard, had teams who played in the Pubs League.
In June 1989 Upwey & Broadwey Football Club reformed by the Reynolds family of Roy, Ralph and Steve and used Redlands as their home ground.
Sadly, it disbanded yet again in 1997 due to lack of volunteers to manage the club, but bounced back in 2006 when Upwey & Broadwey FC was reformed by Steve Reynolds at Redlands.
The team plays in Dorset League Division III.
Anyone interested in becoming involved or helping, to ensure it doesn't have to disband again, should contact Steve on 01305 816442.
• Upwey & Broadwey history will once again be on show at an exhibition on Saturday and Sunday March 8 and 9 at the Memorial Hall in Victoria Avenue.
The villages have seen many changes over the years – from being two separate villages with their own shops, businesses and communities to the largely urban area of today.
The weekend sets out to remind visitors of the days when the villages were almost self- sufficient, with bakers, grocery stores, schools, social groups and sports teams.
Organiser Sue Virgin said: "The enthusiastic response to previous history events and the generosity of so many people, in sharing their photos, memories and information, has made this a joy to put together.
"The exhibition has a wide variety of displays – there'll be something for everyone. Come along and enjoy a trip down memory lane or find out about life in the villages in days gone by."
The exhibition is at the Upwey & Broadwey Memorial Hall, Victoria Avenue, Upwey, on Saturday, March 8, and Sunday, March 9, March from 10am to 4pm. Admission is free and refreshments are available.


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Experts Still Divided After Iraq Study Group Recommendations
[Sorry, the video for this story has expired, but you can still read the transcript below. ]
- In-depth Coverage: Iraq in Transition
- James Dobbins on engaging Iraq's neighbors
- Frederick Kagan on adding troops to end the violence
- Eric Davis on encouraging economic projects
- Michael Vickers on training Iraqi security forces
- Peter Galbraith on decentralizing Iraq
- Phyllis Bennis on withdrawing U.S. troops
RAY SUAREZ: Several weeks ago, the NewsHour ran a series of discussions on ideas for Iraq. Now that the Baker-Hamilton Iraq Study Group has issued its recommendations, we've brought back our discussion participants for their thoughts.
They are: Phyllis Bennis, who advocated an immediate U.S. withdrawal; Peter Galbraith, who proposed decentralizing Iraq; Michael Vickers, on training the Iraqi army; Eric Davis on bolstering reconstruction; Frederick Kagan on sending more American troops; and James Dobbins on the use of diplomacy.
And one of the subtitles of the Iraq Study Group's report is "The Way Forward." Ambassador Dobbins, did it offer a way forward?
JAMES DOBBINS, International Security and Defense Policy Center: I think, if you were looking for this group to come forward with some bold, new program that nobody had thought of before, you're going to be disappointed.
If what you were looking for was a group of wise and experienced people to apply commonsense realism and a certain pragmatism to the problem and try to come to a common bipartisan decision, you're going to be pleased with the result.
It is a way forward that can be supported across the political spectrum, which has some hopes of improving the situation or at least retarding the deterioration that we've been seeing continually for three years.
RAY SUAREZ: Phyllis Bennis, did it offer a way forward?
PHYLLIS BENNIS, Institute for Policy Studies: It didn't offer a way to end the war. It was not designed to end the war. The goal of the Iraq Study Group was not to end the war.
What it did was to propose a bipartisan consensus of what we might say is the economic and political elites of the United States, to say, "This is how we can take the issue off the agenda for both parties, make it not an issue for the 2008 elections, and have the current crisis in Iraq, that's so much dominating the news and the front pages, be transformed into a long-term, maybe even permanent, sustainable, less obvious occupation."
That's not an answer; that's not what the American people voted for this last November when they voted to end the war.
RAY SUAREZ: Ambassador Galbraith?
PETER GALBRAITH, Former State Department Official: The strategies that were recommended for Iraq were wildly unrealistic.
The report recommended centralizing Iraq, a country that basically has a constitution that creates powerful regions, is a road map for partition. They imagined that could be undone, as if the people who voted for that in the first place would wake up and change their minds.
Secondly, they proposed training Iraqi army and police, overlooking the fact that Iraq is in a civil war. In fact, the words "civil war" do not appear in the 98-page report.
And, of course, in circumstances of civil war, the Iraqi army and police are not, as the report imagines, neutral guarantors of public safety. They are fighters in a civil war. We can train them to be more effective killers, but we cannot train them to want to have a more inclusive Iraq.
RAY SUAREZ: Michael Vickers?
MICHAEL VICKERS, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments: I think the report largely is headed in the right direction, in the sense that it takes account of American politics. It takes account of Iraqi politics, and it adds this external dimension.
One doesn't have to agree with all the recommendations in the report, but if there is to be a unitary state in Iraq in the future, then you have to have a sustainable strategy. And it has to be one where you build national institutions.
And there may be a debate about whether Iraq is going to remain whole, but this is at least a plausible way forward.
RAY SUAREZ: Professor Davis?
ERIC DAVIS, Professor, Rutgers University: Yes, well, I think there's much to commend the report, from a political and diplomatic standpoint, but it still doesn't deal with the elephant in the room as it were.
The Iraqi economy is devastated; there's large-scale unemployment. On page 23, the report admits that unemployment may be as high as 60 percent.
And I was happy to see today in the Washington Post that the Defense Department has finally recognized the contribution that unemployment makes to the ongoing insurgency. And it was interesting, recently talking to an American officer who spent a lot of time in al-Anbar Province, he said that, when he went to local notables to ask them what was necessary to quell the insurgency, invariably they always said, "Find jobs for angry young men."
RAY SUAREZ: And finally, Frederick Kagan?
FREDERICK KAGAN, American Enterprise Institute: We've done a good job of putting together a panel where every one of us has a different elephant in the room. For me, the elephant in the room is security.
The fact of the matter is that it's never been the primary mission of the U.S. military presence in Iraq to establish security for the people of Iraq, and that's a fundamental failure. When you go back to Counterinsurgency 101, establishing security for the population is key.
And I absolutely agree that the unemployment is a major issue. I absolutely agree that the political situation is a major problem. There is no prospect for having forward progress on any of that until the violence can be brought under control.
I believe that we can do that. I believe that the ISG report offers a way not to do that, because the problem is: We can embed a lot of trainers and we can work on training the Iraqi security forces, but there is the problem that they're operating in the context of a civil war, which is going to make them less effective, and there's also the question of time lines.
You don't just train people up overnight. There's going to be a gap. And if we pull forces out of their tasks of patrolling and providing minimal security that they're doing now and embed them as trainers, violence is going to increase. I don't think we have time to allow this process to go forward.
Assessing the numbers of troops
RAY SUAREZ: Well, we had the conversations well before the Iraq Study Group made its findings known. And there are six of you. Three of your ideas were embraced; three were specifically rejected out of hand.
And, Frederick Kagan, advocating more American presence in Iraq was directly dealt with. They said there just aren't troops to do that.
FREDERICK KAGAN: Well, it was dealt with in a very off-handed way. And one of the things that troubles me about the report is you have 98 pages. Eight of them were devoted to the security problem. But, in my view, the security problem is the number-one problem that we're facing right now.
The proposal for increasing troops was sort of flipped off. You know, there was an exaggerated, in my view, estimate of the number of forces that would be required, no basis offered from what that estimate came from.
And then there's the blanket assertion that the Army and the Marines couldn't possibly send any more forces, which I think is demonstrably untrue. So I think, you know, really the proposal was dismissed out of hand, wasn't put in its context, wasn't examined in any depth.
And so, you know, I don't take the rejection of it very seriously.
JAMES DOBBINS: I mean, the report did specifically state that a temporary increase in troop strength might be desirable, so they left the way open. But they were skeptical, clearly, that this could be sustained for very long against a background in which the war is wildly unpopular in this country and in Iraq.
Neither the Iraqi people nor the American people are likely to sustain a substantially larger American troop presence in Iraq for a very long period of time. So it's against that background that the very logical position that Fred has put forward ultimately didn't carry the day.
RAY SUAREZ: So that was a political conclusion rather than a strictly military one?
JAMES DOBBINS: I think it was.
MICHAEL VICKERS: And for that matter, the security situation is inextricably linked to politics. If you can solve some of the Iraqi political problems, the security situation becomes manageable. If you can't, as the ISG report quotes a senior American general, all the forces in the world aren't going to change that.
PHYLLIS BENNIS: I think the identification, though, of what the problem is, is crucial here.
The occupation itself is fomenting an enormous level of violent resistance to that occupation. It's within that protective environment that terrorist forces are operating.
The terrorist forces are those -- I define as those who are killing civilians, who are committing crimes against the Iraqi civilian population. They are operating within an environment in which 61 percent of Iraqis say they support military attacks against U.S. troops.
They don't support the attacks against Iraqis, but that gives them the ability to move; it makes it impossible to identify them and eliminate them as a fighting force.
So if we're serious about stopping the violence that is devastating the lives of so many Iraqis right now, we have to be serious about the environment in which those attacks are taking place, and that has everything to do with the existence of the occupation. Sending in more troops is going to only exacerbate the situation, not make it better.
ERIC DAVIS: Well, one program, if I could say, that has been successful is the Commanders' Emergency Response Program. It's suggestion 68, which you just dealt with.
That is a program that was designed to go to violent areas, use money seized from the Baathist regime, and put people to work. And ask any Army officer; that program is wildly successful.
We keep saying to the Iraqi government it has to create its own institutional capacity, it has to be more effective. It's only going to be more effective if it can get its economic house in order.
And why not take a program that's been successful and try to expand it and then build on that by involving local notables, building a bottom-up, not a Halliburton, you know, KBR top-down approach, but a jobs program, like we did here in the New Deal, like the Marshall Plan?
RAY SUAREZ: Quick response.
PHYLLIS BENNIS: We need to have that kind of support for economic support for Iraq, but it can't happen while we are occupying the country. We owe Iraq an enormous debt. We owe compensation, reparations, real reconstruction.
But while we are occupying their country, I don't think that can be a viable solution. We have to get the U.S. troops out; then, that's only step one. Then, we make good on the rest of our obligation.
Sectarian violence, security woes
RAY SUAREZ: But your suggestion sort of smokes all these other ones, that these things, in effect, won't work until these people are free of each other.
PETER GALBRAITH: Well, precisely. What good has the commanders' emergency response fund -- it hasn't actually reduced violence in these areas, because the violence is, in fact, communal.
It is a civil war in which Sunni insurgents -- now, they don't represent most of the Sunni population, perhaps, but they are the people who count -- have targeted Shiite civilians and provoked a civil war. The Kurds simply want out.
How do you build Iraqi security forces, when the Iraqi army consists of battalions, all of which are defined by sect or ethnically, which are not national instruments? They are instruments of the particular group.
And the police? The police are the death squads. Now, if you want to put that country back together, if you want to build national institutions, what you have to explain -- and, of course, what the Iraq Study Group did not even remotely explain, because they didn't even face up to the reality, they didn't even use the word "civil war," they didn't discuss the concept, you have to explain how you're going to put that country back together again.
Do you intend to use U.S. troops, those extra troops you'd like to have, Fred, to disarm the Shiite militias? Are we prepared to take on the Shiites, who are three times as numerous as the Sunnis? Should we become the police of Baghdad?
And then, Phyllis, to come to your point, it seems to me, whether you're for this war or against it, you have to ask the question: What are we accomplishing? We aren't accomplishing anything in the south.
PETER GALBRAITH: Why should we be there? We aren't stopping the civil war in Baghdad. Why should we be there? There are some places where we can accomplish something, and I think we have a debt to the people who supported us, who were the Kurds.
JAMES DOBBINS: But, I mean, Peter is right that Iraq is fragmenting. Unfortunately, we don't actually have sufficient influence to determine where that fragmentation ends.
It would be nice if it ends where Peter would like it, where others, like Les Gelb and Senator Biden, would like it, at three autonomous regions, working together with some coherent central government, providing security for Baghdad and other areas. But we don't have sufficient control to know where the fragmentation ends.
This is an effective vehicle with brakes and an accelerator, but no steering wheel. We can either try to slow the fragmentation down or we can try to accelerate it; what we can't do is determine where it stops.
And the responsible thing at this stage, recognizing the human cost of fragmentation, in terms of the population transfers, the genocide, the much larger scale killing that went on in Yugoslavia, that went on in Afghanistan, and which would go on in Iraq in those circumstances, is to try to slow it down.
Recognizing we can't stop it -- and it may well end up where people like Peter suggests it's going to end up -- but, at this point, slowing it down rather than accelerating it is the prudent choice.
RAY SUAREZ: One thing the report spent a lot of time on, Mike Vickers, is exploring further your notion about turning combat troops, gradually taking them out of the country, in favor of trainers, putting much more emphasis on the Iraqi army and national police. Did they get it right?
MICHAEL VICKERS: Well, indeed it did. And I think they're certainly headed in the right direction.
If you look at our advisory effort in Iraq compared to previous efforts, it's been far more ad hoc, lower quality, lower numbers. The areas where we have the biggest problems, police and others, is where we have almost no presence.
And I don't want to underestimate the difficulty of the problem, but if Iraq is to hold together, this is the only viable path that I see.
Now, there is a psychological dimension to American forces there. I think more, actually, than a physical security dimension, that one has to be very careful about timetables -- and because I agree with Jim totally, is that Iraq is fragmenting. And it's not clear where it's going to end up. And if we did withdraw, I think Iraq would descend into chaos.
RAY SUAREZ: Fred Kagan, how do you begin to make the changes that everyone agrees is necessary over time without setting timetables, without using the Iraq Study Group's recommendation of early '08 for at least starting that process?
FREDERICK KAGAN: Look, none of the things that the people around this table say they want to have happen -- and I agree that most of these things should happen -- can happen until we've gotten security established in Baghdad, none of them.
You cannot have political development. You cannot do reconstruction. And I do not believe that the presence of the U.S. troops in Iraq is what's causing the problem.
What's causing the problem now is the failure that, we've created a security vacuum which we have never tried to fill. The Iraqi army is not going to be capable of filling it in a short period of time.
And so the option is really very stark. Either we undertake actions now to make good mistakes that we've made in the past that have allowed the security vacuum to develop and allowed the security situation to collapse, that will facilitate economic development -- which I think is absolutely essential. I think the CERP program is vital. I totally agree with you about that.
And the reconstruction programs that you say we owe the Iraqi people, I agree with you. We do, and we should be doing that. None of it is possible, in any time frame, until we have established security.
I think we can do that. I've just completed the process over this past weekend of putting together a report, which we'll be releasing on Thursday, that shows how we can do this. I think it's feasible. And nothing else will move us forward.
The role of Iraq's neighbors
RAY SUAREZ: Eric Davis, the report was very critical of economic development initiatives up until this point, but it endorsed them as a general principle, as a necessary pre-condition for fixing the country. So how do you stop doing what we've been doing wrong and start doing what needs to get done?
ERIC DAVIS: Well, first of all, I think you have to have an international effort. I think one of the reasons that Baker-Hamilton stayed away from economics is the American government just doesn't have the money.
We have oil-rich neighbors, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. We have our new ally, Libya. We have Muslim countries like Turkey and Indonesia. We have European Union allies.
If we could get an international development agency, which I think it needs -- the problem is these things are all put as an either/or. It should all be happening together.
The CERP hasn't been effective because it's just this short-term kind of program. It's not something that's really sustained. That has to be then translated into bringing local notables into the process, having them develop sustainable, not top-down. I'm thinking about CHR, the Silver Springs firm that's been extremely successful in Iraq, precisely because it developed projects talking to Iraqis, asking them what they need.
Iran is, by the way, much more savvy than we are. They recently gave the Iraqi government a billion dollar line of credit and signed a whole series of contracts with the Iraqi government designed specifically for economic reconstruction.
They realize the way to hearts and minds and winning hearts and minds is through economic reconstruction. We don't seem to get it.
PHYLLIS BENNIS: But that's why the diplomacy aspect in the report is guaranteed to fail. It talks about the need -- certainly, there should be diplomacy. I absolutely agree with that.
But the way they talked about diplomacy is to create something that they call an Iraq support group, an international group that would be what they call an instrument of U.S. diplomacy -- "instrument" is the word they use -- and then say that all of Iraq's neighbors, including Iran, Syria and everybody else in the region, has somehow an obligation to participate in that.
And if they choose not to, it becomes the basis for imposing new sanctions, for all kinds of punishments. But the point is it's based on the idea of U.S. power imposing the decisions of what the diplomacy should be.
It's the diplomatic side of maintaining a military occupation of Iraq. As long as that exists, we're not serious about real diplomacy, and we're not serious about ending the war.
RAY SUAREZ: Now, Ambassador Dobbins, the report endorsed the idea of getting Iran and Syria involved...
JAMES DOBBINS: Among others.
RAY SUAREZ: ... which was part of your presentation in the original series. And those two proposals have gotten some of the most serious criticism since the issue of the report, that we would talk as a country to nations that we haven't been able to talk to so far on this.
JAMES DOBBINS: Well, we haven't been willing to talk to, in the case of Syria. Syria is perfectly willing to talk to us. They have an ambassador here in Washington; we have an embassy in Damascus. We simply don't have an ambassador, because we've chosen not to.
Iran, it's controversial in both countries. And there's an element of Gaston and Alphonse, in terms of getting that dialogue started.
But the basic principle is: They're the ones who are going to get the refugees; they're the ones who are going to get the terrorists; they're the ones who are going to get the criminality, and the endemic disease, and the commercial disruption of having a failed state on their doorsteps. Those people aren't coming here.
And, therefore, they do have an interest in preventing the worst. And to the extent they're uncertain about whether the United States is going to stay and hold it together, to the extent we look like we're going to diminish our presence and turn responsibility over to the Iraqis and to Iraq's neighbors, they may get more serious.
It's at least worth a try. There's been never a case where we've successfully held together a failing state unless we did successfully involve the neighbors.
Gauging political momentum
RAY SUAREZ: What seems to be attracting the kind of response, attracting the kind of political momentum, that starts to look plausible, now that the Iraq Study Group's findings are sort of sinking into the pores of the American people?
PHYLLIS BENNIS: Well, I would just say that I think the American people -- and it was shown in the last election, but it's also been shown in the polls and in the overall sentiment -- recognizing that this was a war that was illegal, that was waged without international legitimacy, and in the face of massive opposition.
It's now something that has come back to haunt us and cannot continue, and that the only way to end it is to end the occupation. I think more and more people are recognizing that. Unfortunately, the people who were involved in the Iraq Study Group did not reflect that.
RAY SUAREZ: Very quickly?
PETER GALBRAITH: Look, the facts on the ground are that the country is broken up, and what we're doing is largely irrelevant. We're not going to put it back together again.
We're not going to build Iraqi army units, unless you can explain -- and perhaps in your time you might answer this -- how do you get them to behave like Iraqis, when in fact they consider themselves to be Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds? So the reality is that the country is broken up.
RAY SUAREZ: Well, Fred Kagan, that was your cue.
FREDERICK KAGAN: Well, you know, it has happened in the past. If you look at Tal Afar, there something really interesting happened. There was an Iraqi army unit that came in that was Kurdish. The Turkmen were very afraid of it initially.
We had forces there that helped establish security, and the truth is that it worked. This can happen. It can be successful.
What I see is a growing consensus that the force posture of American troops in Iraq is inadequate and our strategy is inadequate. And I hope that, as we go forward, we'll recognize that the options are pretty stark: We can either lose now, with just devastating consequences throughout the region, or we can change our strategy, and what we're willing to commit to this war and make an effort to win.
RAY SUAREZ: Very quickly.
ERIC DAVIS: I think that it was very heartening this morning to see that this Defense Department report is finally saying that we need to be able to develop jobs. And they said, if the United States had had three years and 50 percent unemployment, we'd have militias. We'd have the same kinds of problems as the Iraqis.
MICHAEL VICKERS: There's strong bipartisan support for expanded training and advisory effort. It's the principal security tool to hold the country together over the long haul. It's still high-risk. It may not work. But there's been a noticeable transition to an Iraqi-centric strategy, and I think that's the right way to go.
JAMES DOBBINS: Recognizing that what we're doing now isn't working is the beginning of wisdom in Iraq. And I think that everybody, including the president, has now recognized that.
RAY SUAREZ: Guests, thank you all very much.


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The Spanish tenor will mark his first appearance at the iconic venue since 1996, by headlining a charity concert for the European Society for Medical Oncology.
Spanish tenor Jose Carreras will return to Italy's revered La Scala opera house for a charity concert later this year, marking his first appearance at the iconic venue since 1996. The opera star will headline a benefit for the European Society for Medical Oncology in October.
He last performed at Milan's La Scala in a production of Giordano's Fedora. The cause is one close to Carreras' heart - he underwent treatment for leukemia in 1987 and set up a research foundation for the disease in 1988.
Jose Carreras was part of the "Three Tenors", along with Luciano Pavarotti, who died almost three years ago after battling pancreatic cancer, and Placido Domingo, who sang at La Scala in April just weeks after colon cancer surgery.