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In probability theory, to say that two events are independent intuitively means that the occurrence of one event makes it neither more nor less probable that the other occurs. For example:
- The event of getting a 6 the first time a die is rolled and the event of getting a 6 the second time are independent.
- By contrast, the event of getting a 6 the first time a die is rolled and the event that the sum of the numbers seen on the first and second trials is 8 are dependent.
- If two cards are drawn with replacement from a deck of cards, the event of drawing a red card on the first trial and that of drawing a red card on the second trial are independent.
- By contrast, if two cards are drawn without replacement from a deck of cards, the event of drawing a red card on the first trial and that of drawing a red card on the second trial are dependent.
Similarly, two random variables are independent if the conditional probability distribution of either given the observed value of the other is the same as if the other's value had not been observed. The concept of independence extends to dealing with collections of more than two events or random variables.
In some instances, the term "independent" is replaced by "statistically independent", "marginally independent", or "absolutely independent".[1]
Independent events Edit
The standard definition says:
- Two events A and B are independent if and only if Pr(A ∩ B) = Pr(A)Pr(B).
Here A ∩ B is the intersection of A and B, that is, it is the event that both events A and B occur.
More generally, any collection of events—possibly more than just two of them—are mutually independent if and only if for any finite subset A1, ..., An of the collection we have
This is called the multiplication rule for independent events.
If two events A and B are independent, then the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the unconditional (or marginal) probability of A, that is,
There are at least two reasons why this statement is not taken to be the definition of independence: (1) the two events A and B do not play symmetrical roles in this statement, and (2) problems arise with this statement when events of probability 0 are involved.
The conditional probability of event A given B is given by
- (so long as Pr(B) ≠ 0 )
The statement above, when is equivalent to
which is the standard definition given above.
Note that independence does not have the same meaning as it does in the vernacular. For example an event is independent of itself if and only if
That is, if its probability is one or zero. Thus if an event or its complement almost surely occurs, it is independent of itself. For example, if event A is choosing any number but 0.5 from a uniform distribution on the unit interval, A is independent of itself, even though, tautologically, A fully determines A.
Independent random variables Edit
What is defined above is independence of events. In this section we treat independence of random variables. If is a real-valued random variable and is a number then the event {} is the set of outcomes that correspond to being less than or equal to . Since these are sets of outcomes that have probabilities, it makes sense to refer to events of this sort being independent of other events of this sort.
Two random variables and are independent if and only if for any numbers and the events {} (the outcomes where being less than or equal to ) and {} are independent events as defined above. Similarly an arbitrary collection of random variables – possible more than just two of them — is independent precisely if for any finite collection and any finite set of numbers , the events are independent events as defined above.
The measure-theoretically inclined may prefer to substitute events {} for events {} in the above definition, where is any Borel set. That definition is exactly equivalent to the one above when the values of the random variables are real numbers. It has the advantage of working also for complex-valued random variables or for random variables taking values in any topological space.
If any two of a collection of random variables are independent, they may nonetheless fail to be mutually independent; this is called pairwise independence.
If and are independent, then the expectation operator has the property
and for the variance we have
so the covariance is zero. (The converse of these, i.e. the proposition that if two random variables have a covariance of 0 they must be independent, is not true. See uncorrelated.)
Furthermore, random variables and with distribution functions and , and probability densities and , are independent if and only if the combined random variable has a joint distribution
or equivalently, a joint density
Similar expressions characterise independence more generally for more than two random variables.
Independent σ-algebras Edit
The definitions above are both generalized by the following definition of independence for σ-algebras. Let (Ω, Σ, Pr) be a probability space and let A and B be two sub-σ-algebras of Σ. A and B are said to be independent if, whenever A ∈ A and B ∈ B,
The new definition relates to the previous ones very directly:
- Two events are independent (in the old sense) if and only if the σ-algebras that they generate are independent (in the new sense). The σ-algebra generated by an event E ∈ Σ is, by definition,
- Two random variables X and Y defined over Ω are independent (in the old sense) if and only if the σ-algebras that they generate are independent (in the new sense). The σ-algebra generated by a random variable X taking values in some measurable space S is, by definition, the smallest σ-algebra that contains all subsets of Ω of the form X−1(U), where U is any measurable subset of S.
Using this definition, it is easy to show that if X and Y are random variables and Y is Pr-almost surely constant, then X and Y are independent.
Conditionally independent random variables Edit
- Main article: Conditional independence
Intuitively, two random variables X and Y are conditionally independent given Z if, once Z is known, the value of Y does not add any additional information about X. For instance, two measurements X and Y of the same underlying quantity Z are not independent, but they are conditionally independent given Z (unless the errors in the two measurements are somehow connected).
The formal definition of conditional independence is based on the idea of conditional distributions. If X, Y, and Z are discrete random variables, then we define X and Y to be conditionally independent given Z if
for all x, y and z such that P(Z ≤ z) > 0. On the other hand, if the random variables are continuous and have a joint probability density function p, then X and Y are conditionally independent given Z if
for all real numbers x, y and z such that pZ(z) > 0.
If X and Y are conditionally independent given Z, then
for any x, y and z with P(Z = z) > 0. That is, the conditional distribution for X given Y and Z is the same as that given Z alone. A similar equation holds for the conditional probability density functions in the continuous case.
Independence can be seen as a special kind of conditional independence, since probability can be seen as a kind of conditional probability given no events.
See also Edit
- Copula (statistics)
- Independent and identically-distributed random variables
- Mutually exclusive events
- subindependence
- ↑ Russell, Stuart; Peter Norvig (2002). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Prentice Hall.
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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An orbital engineer is an engineer who specializes in the field of orbital engineering; that is, the application of engineering science and technology to objects used or associated with a planet's orbit.
While posing as a crewman aboard Enterprise NX-01, Daniels claimed that he had a brother who was an orbital engineer at Jupiter Station. When it was later revealed that he was actually a time traveler from the future, he told Charles Tucker that he did not actually have a brother. (ENT: "Cold Front")
The ability to maintain operation of orbital tethers is within the confines of the skills possessed by an orbital engineer. When Lillias was having trouble attempting to get a power relay of a mag-lev carriage on-line, in 2372, she said "I'm not an orbital engineer. I can't do this." Fortunately Neelix, who had some experience with such technology, was able to help her by recalibrating the pressure valve. (VOY: "Rise")
Benjamin Sisko considered directing construction of orbital habitats on Earth. (DS9: "The Way of the Warrior")

subset: commoncrawl


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Fairfax Circuit Court Receives NACRC 2007 Best Practices Award
Fairfax County Office of Public Affairs
12000 Government Center Parkway, Suite 551
Fairfax, VA 22035-0065
Contact: Merni Fitzgerald, Director of Public Affairs
703-324-3187, TTY 711, Fax 703-324-2010
Media Pager: 703-324-NEWS (6397)
Sept. 13, 2007
Fairfax Circuit Court Receives
NACRC 2007 Best Practices Award
The National Association of County Recorders, Elected Officials and
Clerks (NACRC) has presented its 2007 Best Practices Award to the Fairfax
Circuit Court. The award recognizes the virtual probate file developed by
Clerk of the Fairfax Circuit Court John T. Frey and the Fairfax Circuit
Court Clerk's Office.
The virtual probate file increases accuracy and efficiency by automating the processing of probate documents and eliminating time-consuming manual processes. Previously documents were typewritten, manually stamped and sent off-site to be microfilmed. Now, information is entered into a database, electronic documents are created and users sign on an electronic signature pad one time. Documents and indexes are immediately available for public review. Subscribers to the Fairfax Circuit Court's secure remote access system can search, retrieve and print probate documents from home or office 24 hours a day, seven days a week, without coming to the courthouse and without the assistance of a clerk.
NACRC is a professional organization of elected and appointed county administrative officials, who network on a national level to share information and ideas. This year's nominations focused on the automation and modernization of records, but nominations also included best practice topics such as electronic recording, leadership, data entry, workflow methods and timely Internet access of records. The annual Best Practices Award recognizes innovations in the field.
Further information on the virtual probate file procedure is available by contacting the Circuit Court Clerk's Office, 703-246-4111, TTY 711.
Back Row: Left to Right: Tracey Davison, Pam Caussin, Pat Davidson, Brenna Sawyer, Doug Clegg
Front Row: Left to Right: Karen Billings, John T. Frey, Shannon Scott, Linda Zehner
For more news and information, visit www.fairfaxcounty.gov/news.


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Meow! 12 Cute Cat-Inspired Clothing and Accessory Items to Purr Over
These feline-inspired finds will soon be your go-to fall fashion pieces!
-Diana Denza
In Breakfast at Tiffany's, Holly Golightly remarked of her red tabby, "Poor cat, poor slob without a name." She hardly could have expected decades later, Karl Lagerfeld's white Siamese would have two maids and cat-adorned items would be the latest in fashion.
Read Get Great Skin NOW for Under $15!
Kitties are hawt! We've scoured the web for the best feline-inspired finds. These 12 pretty kitty picks are the cat's meow, so get your paws–and wallets– ready!


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DISCLAIMER: This site is not officially endorsed by any branch of the United States Armed Services, nor the Department of Defense.
It is run by military dependents, and is in no way a reflection of opinions of any particular branch of service, unit,
battalion, or organized military installation.
Parris Island Family & Friends Support Center. We hope you enjoy your stay here!
Owner: MarineWife332


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ORACLE Racing and America's Cup Media Day
By ORACLE RACING Comms
Yesterday was a big day in San Francisco, for both ORACLE Racing and
the America's Cup. The team hosted a press conference for about 50 media
to announce its arrival and promote the attributes of San Francisco Bay
as the ideal host venue for America's Cup racing.
ORACLE Racing will be sailing on San Francisco Bay for the month of
June helping America's Cup Race Management advance its digital systems
and refine the configuration of the racecourse.
The press conference at the Golden Gate Yacht Club opened with
Friday's team video of the near capsize, which can be viewed here: High 5!
That put the audience on the edge of their seats and led master of
ceremonies Jonny Moseley, the 1988 free-ski Gold medalist, to say,
"Spectacular San Francisco Bay and extreme boats is the kind of cool
sailing I'm interested in."
ORACLE Racing's representatives James Spithill, Russell Coutts, John Kostecki, Kurt Jordan and Dirk Kramers all agreed.
"These are the most physical boats we've ever raced," said Spithill.
"There is a huge reward for sailing these boats well. We think these are
the perfect boats for taking this sport to another level."
"We'll have a lot more maneuvers, which will be very different than past America's Cups," said Kostecki.
But it was Coutts who (unwittingly at the time) summed it all up
best. "You have to find the edge but not go over it," said Coutts. "The
closer you design a boat to the edge the faster it will go."
On the water
After the press conference members of the media were given a safety
briefing from team member and round-the-world racer Simeon Tienpont.
The media then got a close up view of "the edge" when they were taken
for a full-drenching adrenaline rush on the two AC45s. The speed
astounded everyone who stepped aboard.
Julia Prodis Sulek of the Mercury News put the new-look
event into perspective, "Forget the idea of stuffy blue blazers and a
slow-motion snooze fest when the America's Cup yachting race comes to
San Francisco Bay." (Read the full article at: America's Cup sailing goes extreme.)
For intrepid journalists such as COMCAST's Jaymee Sire and Mark
Matthews of ABC7, their onboard interviews with Spithill were the
fastest they'd ever conducted. Not in terms of time, but speed. The No. 4
boat reached a top speed of 27 knots as they conducted their
interviews. (Watch Sire's interview, Meet ORACLE Racing's America's Cup team, and Matthews' interview, ABC7 hops on board ORACLE Racing catamaran.)
The intensity of the action impressed Captain Cynthia Stowe of the
U.S. Coast Guard, whose West Command includes the Bay Area. "I've never
had a ride like this. It was tremendous out there, it was so fast,"
Stowe said. "We were right on the water, it was something else. We went
25 knots out there with two extra people on board. It must be a young
man's sport. They're jumping around on the boats going as fast as they
are, it's pretty intense." (Watch the video: Coast Guard Captain Cynthia Stowe.)
Stuart Streuli of Sailing World magazine summed up the
sailor's perspective in his first-hand account. Streuli is an
experienced sailor, having raced on monohulls such as TP52s and
NYYC/Swan 42s, so he jumped at the opportunity when Coutts invited him
to steer.
"I wasn't sure what to expect when I took the helm," Streuli wrote on the Sailing World website.
"Coutts either has a fair amount of confidence that I can sail or—and
this is more likely—a lot of confidence his boat is quite easy to steer.
And it was. The helm was surprisingly light, but not without feel. The
boat tracked upwind better than any boat I've ever sailed." (Strueli
also posted two videos of his ride, which can be viewed at AC45 Ride and At the helm of the AC45.)
Over the edge
After the media entertainment, Coutts and Spithill engaged in
demonstration races to illustrate why San Francisco Bay will be the
perfect venue for the Cup. With the media watching ashore from the
Golden Gate Yacht Club, America's Cup Principal Race Officer John Craig
set up a trial racecourse that featured reaching, running and beating.
It was in the second pre-start, however, when Coutts demonstrated
where "the edge" lies with a dramatic capsize that sent him and crewman
Shannon Falcone into the water.
"We got caught in the pre-start at the wrong angle and paid the
price," said Coutts, who fell approximately 20 feet through the lower
part of the front element of the wing and into the water. "The boats are
spectacular, hard to sail. They're gonna test the best sailors in the
world. Luckily I had the crash helmet on."
Falcone fell a shorter distance, but injured his ribs. "It was all in
slow motion," said Falcone, one of the strongest members of the team.
"I didn't think it was going to go all the way over."
Falcone walked under his own power to an ambulance waiting shoreside
and drove himself home after a check-up and X ray. He has sore ribs, but
no breakages. (Watch the video: ORACLE Racing capsizes.)
"It'll take a few weeks to heal," Falcone said today. "But I can't
wait to get back out there and back out kiteboarding. This has ruined my
The video was picked up by NBC and broadcast nationally during this morning's Today show, the top-rated U.S. morning program.
All photos: Guilain Grenier/ORACLE Racing
America's Cup promoters put wind in Ed Lee's sails
By C.W. Nevius, San Francisco Chronicle // June 14, 2011
Organizers for the 2013 America's Cup are no dummies. They knew they
could hold a long, boring news conference to promote the event. Or they
could invite media and city officials for a sail on the bay, put them on
an incredibly cool vintage sailboat, and have high-tech catamarans rip
past them at warp speed.
As you might guess, they picked the latter, and the passengers'
ear-to-ear grins conveyed one message - we're sold. Among them was Mayor
Ed Lee, who is not exactly Capt. Jack Sparrow.
"This is my first time on a real sailboat," Lee said. "I'm converted."
Link to article: America's Cup promoters put wind in Ed Lee's sails
Competitor slate to be revealed tomorrow
The America's Cup Event Authority has scheduled a press conference
for Wednesday, June 15, at which the official competitors for the 34th
America's Cup will be formally welcomed by the Honorable Edwin M. Lee
to San Francisco, site of the first two 2012 America's Cup World Series
events; and home of the 2013 Louis Vuitton Cup - America's Cup
Challenger Series - and America's Cup Finals.
Joining Mayor Lee will be Iain Murray, CEO and Regatta Director,
Americas Cup Race Management, Richard Worth, Chairman, America's Cup
Event Authority, Russell Coutts, CEO, ORACLE Racing, and Representatives
of the Challengers for the 34th America's Cup including Artemis Racing, China Team, Emirates Team New Zealand and others.
A life without lead
By Paul Cayard, Seahorse Magazine // July 2011
On the America's Cup front the AC45s have just finished their
training sessions in New Zealand. Artemis Racing, Oracle, Emirates Team
New Zealand and Team China spent the better part of six weeks learning
how to sail and handle a 45ft cat with a hard wing rig. Every aspect of
operating the boats, from match racing to fleet racing, launching and
retrieving the boats, wing-in and out procedures and mooring the boats
overnight with wing up, was experienced.
I was onboard as the guest for one day of match racing and was amazed
to see how similar the match racing in multihulls was to that in
monohulls. The most similar part is the final phase of the pre-start
with the lead/push approach working just the same as in monohulls. Terry
Hutchinson and our team have done a great job in getting up to speed
with the competition in this new class.
The boats were then packed up and shipped to Europe for the first AC
World Series event in Cascais, Portugal in August. It is fun to find a
whole new aspect within our sport. The sailing is exciting. The boats
are very cool and modern. Amazing that I did not discover multihull
sailing earlier!
Note: Thanks to Seahorse magazine for use of this column. Cayard's full column can be read on pages 22-23 of the July issue of Seahorse.
Go to: Seahorse Magazine Photo: Paul Cayard stands next to the daggerboard of an AC45 (Ivor Wilkins/www.americascup.com).
Torvar Mirsky signs with Venezia Challenge
Source: Venezia Challenge // June 6, 2011
Torvar Mirsky has signed an agreement to helm Venezia Challenge to
the America's Cup's adventure. Born in 1986, Australian Torvar began
very early his sport career, bringing home his first victory when he was
only 12. Nowadays, Torvar, just 25, is 5th in the ISAF world ranking
(2nd in 2010).
"It's our first choice" – says Cesare Pasotti, Venezia Challenge's
team manager- "Torvar is young, motivated and extremely skilled, so I
asked to Carlo Magna and Emanuela Pulcino to bring him on board." From
the 14th of June, Torvar Mirsky will train in Palermo, at the Club
Canottieri Roggero di Lauria, Venezia Challenge's official sailing club,
and then in July he will move to Cascais on the AC45.
Link to article: Torvar Mirsky signs with Venezia Challenge
Follow ORACLE Racing


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This is my first script where I want to use the python threading module. I have a large dataset which is a list of dict this can be as much as 200 dictionaries in the list. The final goal is a histogram for each dict 16 histograms on a page ( 4x4 ) - this already works.
What I currently do is a create a nested list [ [ {} ], [ {} ] ] each inner list contains 16 dictionaries, thus each inner list is a single page of 16 histograms. Iterating over the outer-list and creating the graphs takes to long. So I would like multiple inner-list to be processes simultaneously and creating the graphs in "parallel".
I am trying to use the python threading for this. I create 4 threads loop over the outer-list and send a inner-list to the thread. This seems to work if my nested lists only contains 2 elements - thus less elements than threads. Currently the scripts runs and then seems to get hung up. I monitor the resource on my mac and python starts off good using 80% and when the 4-thread is created the CPU usages drops to 0%.
My thread creating is based on the following : http://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/py ... eading.htm
Any help would be create!!!


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Holiday Drinking Strategiesby Toby Amidor in Healthy Holidays, Healthy Tips, December 16, 2011
Booze, booze, and more booze. That's pretty much the theme of most holiday parties. This December, don't guzzle down hundreds of empty calories. Instead, review these helpful tips before heading out to your next shindig.
The Downside of Too Much
When you're in a roomful of colleagues, the easiest way to relax is with a few cocktails. I'm sure you're aware that drinking too much alcohol can lead to calorie overload. Many of us forget that too many cocktails also lead to decreased inhibitions and loss of control. This can result in mindless flirting with your coworkers or losing control of how much you eat.
The Calorie Lowdown
It's important to understand what constitutes one drink. The Dietary Guidelines recommend a maximum of one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. During the holiday season, these guidelines usually go out the window. We need to remember that too much alcohol has been shown to increase the risk of a variety of health conditions including cancer, heart disease, high blood pressure, depression, osteoporosis, and even erectile dysfunction (need I say more?).
So what's considered one drink?
- 5 fluid ounces of wine
- 12 fluid ounces of beer
- 1.5 fluid ounces of 80-proof hard alcohol (like gin, vodka, or whiskey)
Each of these drink servings has about 100 to 150 calories. The problem is, many bartenders tend to pour more than what's considered a serving, so let them know how much you want.
Sobering Strategies
Here are a few tips to follow at your next holiday party:
- Don't drink on an empty stomach. The alcohol will hit you too quickly. Eat something before you leave the house.
- Throughout the party, snack on appetizers. Scout the room before you start drinking and pick out some of the healthier options (like veggies) that you can more mindlessly munch on.
- Avoid the higher calorie mixed cocktails with loads of sugar and calories. Stick to a glass of wine or bottled beer instead.
- Alternate alcoholic beverages with non-alcoholic, low calorie choices like water, seltzer or diet soda.
- Keep yourself honest. Alert your date or friends at the party to keep an eye out for you.
TELL US: What drinking strategies do you use at a holiday party?
You Might Also Like:
- Healthy Swaps for Holiday Cocktail Parties
- Healthy Holiday Cookies
- How to Host a Healthy Holiday Party
Toby Amidor, MS, RD, CDN, is a registered dietitian and consultant who specializes in food safety and culinary nutrition. See Toby's full bio »


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The Next Mozart
I love Emily Bear. She's an eight-year-old kid from Rockford, IL, who plays piano incredibly well. I also love how her story embodies some of the patterns about developing talent. Let's set aside some of the slightly breathless storytelling of this news clip and examine the facts:
- Emily was born into an extremely musical family (check out Grandma at 1:25 — a concert pianist and music teacher).
- Emily grew up being ignited by the presence of her musically skilled older brother and sister. (I saw this pattern — let's call it the Michael Jackson syndrome — again and again at the talent hotbeds. The younger kids have the most musical chops–not because they have some musical gene, but because they grow up in a musical hothouse, filled with models, visions of who they might become. Simply put, they have more fuel.)
- Emily showed remarkable immediate interest, but not remarkable immediate skill (check out the home-movie clip of two-year-old Emily at the 2:00 mark). But she is having great fun — a quality that shines through all her playing.
- Emily got great instruction and, more important, a bond with her instructor (evidenced by the song she wrote for him).
Magical gift?
Or is this a case — as with Mozart himself — where a kid was ignited to fall in love with music, then used that love, guided by a master coach, to fuel hours of deep practice, to construct fast, beautiful skill circuits?
Or do we chalk it up to some combination of the above?
(What do you think?)
Rate This
Share This
3 Responses to "The Next Mozart"
I lean towards the confluence of a number of factors. My guess is that Emily had a predisposition for music and creative expression before she ever touched a piano. That said, to hear her play it is obvious that she has spent a great deal of time honing her craft–not just practicing, but practicing the right way.
But, I don't think it's just genetic endowment and practice that got her to this point. A lot of small things happened in her story that I think made a difference. She had examples to follow, access to great teachers and mentors, was in a family that could afford to pay for top-notch instruction, and happened to live hear one of the preeminent piano instructors (Mr. D.).
Maybe it was just the "perfect storm" for talent to spring up. . .everything seemed to come together in just the right way.
I'm impressed with how she is more animated than automated…something you don't always see in these young marvels.
Great video. I agree with all of the above points. It is great to see how grounded her parents are. You mentioned in a later blog (I think it was how to raise a child prodigy) how important it is that parents have children realise the connection between them and their peers. Her Mom says she wants her "have good values", "to be happy" and "to be a really good grown up". Emily even says "she's just a normal kid who plays piano".


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March is National Flour Month and flour is something we get pretty excited about at Bob's Red Mill. After all, we make a lot of different products, but flour is special. Not only do we use our millstones to grind it, but we take a whole grain and mill it into a whole grain flour. Nothing added, nothing removed. One pound of grain in, one pound of flour out. It's pretty simple, but pretty amazing, too. In honor of National Flour Month, we're doing a little series on the different types of flour that we offer. Each week, we'll giveaway a set of flours to a lucky winner. This week, we're starting with the different varieties of wheat flour that we produce. If wheat flour isn't your thing, don't worry, we'll cover our other flours all in good time.
Wheat flour is probably the single most ubiquitous flour in the world. It is in nearly every packaged food and baked good you look at, even those things that you never think about being baked at all. It's in those pretty breads at the bakery, the flour tortillas at your local Mexican restaurant, the boxes of pasta you just bought, it's the backbone of couscous, the thickener in sauces, the breading on your fish, really and truly, as anyone with gluten intolerance can tell you, wheat flour is everywhere. In a perfect world, everything made with wheat would be made with whole wheat flour, but we all know that the world isn't perfect and that beautiful, fluffy pastries are best achieved with white flour. So we make the best choices we can and practice a bit of moderation.
Whole Wheat Flour: Standard whole wheat flour is milled from high protein, hard red spring wheat. This flour has a minimum protein level of 13.5% and is excellent for bread baking and anywhere yeast is used as the leavening agent (think pizza, pretzels, etc). Because it is whole grain, baked goods using solely whole wheat flour will be a bit more dense. Use a combination of 50% whole wheat and 50% white flour to create a balanced texture and crumb in your baked good. Adding vital wheat gluten to your baked good will improve the elasticity and rise of your dough (use 1 Tbsp per cup of flour).
Whole Wheat Pastry Flour: Whole Wheat Pastry Flour is milled from soft white wheat and has a maximum protein content of 13%. This is an excellent choice for baked goods that use baking soda or baking powder as a leavening agent. The lower gluten content does not trap air bubbles as effectively as conventional whole wheat flour, which will not give yeast-risen baked goods the proper rise they need. Use this flour for pastries, cookies, cakes and quick breads.
Hard White Whole Wheat Flour: This special flour is one of our favorite products at Bob's Red Mill. Milled from high protein, hard white wheat, this flour is the best of both worlds. Light in color, yet full of whole grain goodness, hard white whole wheat flour has a sweeter flavor than conventional whole wheat flour, appealing to those that find whole wheat baked goods to be slightly bitter. It is ideal for bread baking, but can be used for other baked goods. Like regular whole wheat flour, it will make baked goods more dense, so it can be used in combination with white flour to achieve a lighter texture.
Unbleached White Flour: This is not to be confused with All Purpose Flour. Standard unbleached white flour is milled from the same hard red spring wheat as whole wheat flour, but has the germ and bran stripped away to produce a white flour. It has a minimum protein level of 13% and is often referred to as bread flour. This flour is ideal for breads and yeast-risen baked goods, but can be used in place of all purpose flour for most recipes. Read more about white flour here where we go into bleaching, bromating, enriching and more.
Unbleached White Pastry Flour: The refined counterpart of whole wheat pastry flour, this flour is milled from soft white wheat with the bran and germ removed. This flour has a maximum protein content of 9%, making it both the lowest protein wheat flour we carry and the most ideal for fine cake and pastry baking.
Semolina Flour: Semolina flour is the quintessential flour for pasta making and is milled from durum wheat. It has a sandy texture and contains about 12% protein, making it great for bread baking and pizza crust.
Graham Flour: Graham flour is quite simply a coarsely ground whole wheat flour. Milled from hard red spring wheat, graham flour can be used in place of whole wheat flour, however it should only be used for about 20% of the flour in your recipe or you will end up with a very dense baked good. Graham flour can be substituted for Whole Meal Flour with little difference in the texture of the baked good. Graham flour is not made from ground up graham crackers as some people believe, but it can be used to make graham crackers.
Giveaway We'd like to give one lucky reader a set of our whole wheat flours- organic whole wheat flour, organic hard white whole wheat flour and organic whole wheat pastry flour. To enter, simply follow the directions in the app below. We'll pick a winner at random from all who enter by 12:01 am on 03/13/13.


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Local Bus CompanyMath brain teasers require computations to solve.
My local bus company has recently expanded and no longer has enough room for all of its buses. Twelve of their buses have to be stored outside. If they decide to increase their garage space by 40%, this will give them enough room for all of their current buses, plus enough room to store another twelve in the future. How many buses does the company currently own?
Answer72 buses.
They have enough room for 60 of these, expanding the 60 capacity by 40% will give them enough room for 84 - which we know is 12 more than their current count.
What Next?
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Winners & Losers: Icahn, Twinkies, J.P. Morgan3/15/2013 10:53AM
The week in Winners & Losers includes something sweet for both Carl Icahn and Twinkies but not so much for J.P. Morgan. David Benoit joins Markets Hub. Photo: AP.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... else while I love the new graphic it's Friday here are the markets look what we do every Friday we talk about the winners and losers on the streets in Deal land with Deal Journal blogger day Benoit ... was taking a quick break for me a lot you are really no bank you're literally right now you live blogging the JPMorgan hearing ... we took a second look losses has no ... right ... to take a second color can talk to stop the winners and losers and was ... Qantas's is a big statement with the graphic that I was getting to it ... first was our first one of the week is TPG accent this is ... an activist not a household name no no the song title of another radar to the pitching on three big energy companies SandRidge and in this week they got ... of settlement with the board ... did that puts the re TPG members on the board ... and essentially this is a super crazy to the CEO and chairman of TPG dining ... I mean of center start ... again income or ... the grand determine his future ... in the next ... coming months in either case can be fired ... or is this dainty PCs can get to go before ... Willis is here with a win yet ... it was the next one our next winner is Apollo Global in metropolis ... the winners of twenty six ... at ... the ... time the number one right it's the whole Twinkie well it was leaving and they don't even know what to do it ... ok and is the one making the Twinkies or confuses it so ... finally this week Hostess ... reached a deal on fifty one million to these guys ... are ... sweet cake brands to everybody who paid up for Twinkies any day thinking that they'd have ... to remember heirloom that would be a bit ... so I guess the writers of the Twitter are people wonder is bringing its Carl Icahn on top of a cyclical that that ... is now agitating inside Dell is well positioned ... artist and is is not even five percent so not a huge ... stake but but the position for Dell ... he is now a recent agreement with the board of directors the special committee ... it's trying to sell Dell ... to Michael Dell and private Acree firms in the car like passenger Tesla in talks to ... his official might mean something bigger when Regis Wilson says is nothing for me right ... but the move from my list of up to lose the losers of first one is ... from critically injured ... sure that is you know at this time to sell its slap it on there ... well this is a pretty big case so so the last few years ... others in this case going on in Massachusetts ... it alleges club deals when private Acree firms can teamed up to make these twenty billion dollar deals in two thousandseven ... were colluded ... in that essentially there are agreed to step down our ... ignore other deals in and do their own compared to just let the case gone Swiss ... sensors hoping to get ... out ... McAfee industry ... the tax on each trade yes the ... the brokerage ... shares were down eight percent yesterday ... after Citadel their their largest shareholder of a hedge fund ... said it was so now that it's not enough ... on which is pretty important the Citadel has places to sleep bailed out the tree ... with giving him tons of money ... they've been pushing for sale the tree ... he traded in Arkansas last year Ken Griffin this head of Citadel was not happy about that now so ... what that means for the baby ... yet ... though the creator of which also left recently so here is just that we prepared ... for the big loser ... big loser ... two reasons to reading it even more golden with a rollover right ... ASA last night we learned the Fed ... in distressed has seen an unconditional approval so we should be very clear ... that this is actually not really a loss that were not failed and stress less to get the pain or increase dividends ... and share buybacks ... live by ... something's wrong ... it's it's un clear that didn't really make clear what ... cheap mortgages to resubmit for him in ... the day was worried about something and yet so by the third quarter than in Goldman Sachs will have to resubmit ... this morning when you're hovering right with minor Elena never fun to be from a Senate panel involving Carl Levin thanks to Inpex so it's ... it's it's a tough week for J P Morgan but ... fortress balance of hearing of the night Friday but I think it was fun to get back to live life


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carry me home, carry me home you old sea spray
These drawings are both on sale. And, are both on a sale (?). Excuse me for peddling my wares but yes, I'm skint again. It seems being a professional doodler isn't the most lucrative way of making a living. The original, of the drawing above, is on sale at a ridiculously cheap price. One of my gorgeous friends said that this drawing was like 'jewellery flotsam, a tide-line of trinkets' and, you know, that's exactly the effect I was going for. The price has been reduced, by a third, and you can buy it HERE.
The print of this, probably my most famous drawing, is also currently on sale. HALF PRICE! And you can get your mits on it HERE.
The day started so well. Me, and this drawing, are featured in the London Metro today. In a piece about doodling. If you'd like to read it here's THE LINK. To be honest, just being mentioned in the same article as Larry David has made my day, week, year.
Something tells me, though, that today's going to go downhill from here. Right then, *rolls up sleeves* come on you tax returns. Let's be having you.
Labels: AJ, Andrea Joseph drawings, doodles, Etsy, for sale, fountain pen, illustration, illustrator


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Cutting staff and operating near a deficit are just two of the financial hardships facing local school districts as they look ahead to next year's budget.
In a bleak budget address, Gov. Steve Beshear announced a $742 million budget shortfall for the state.
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Topic: CPT-11 Combination Therapy
Hi All.... Start new regimen on Monday called the fofil not folfox treatment. It is a combination of Leucovorin, irrotecan, 5-fu push and 5-fu pump. Day one IV and push and attach 5-fu pump for continuos flow of 46 hours to be removed on day three. Day five through eleven filgratism injection. Repeated every two weeks. Well this first time out cycle two will have to wait a few days until I get back from my trip to Maine. Onco Feels I should do fine but have immodium on hand for trip. I guess there is a chance I might poop on someone. Myself Ha! Matbe I need to get a coulpe depends for the trip. Ha! Onco feel this is a good treatment and has lots of previous positive responses. A new adventure for me! Onco was happy to see liver stable to where it have previously shrunk. Also, that 9cm lung nodule was a misprint; the nodule was only 9MM. Also the mass adjacent my sigmoid colon is gone. Was explain it must have been a water pocket and the lasix I 've been taking for effusion got rid of it. So now I know that water pockets can resemble tumor masses. Amazing, that tells me if your having water retention,it's possible whatever scans you have may not be quite as bad as you think. What looks like numerous nodules some could easily be water pockets. Cheerio for now, got to drop son off to catch bus for classes.
God Bless All!
Jeff G.


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Take a detour off the beaten path of holiday shopping districts. See how ethnic shops can surprise you. Their often-handmade items come with intriguing backgrounds, which add to the mystique of being crafted half a world away. There is a good chance such finds can turn out to be a loved one's treasure.
Bigira Kirokiro, the proprietor of African Corner in Costa Mesa, was born and raised in Burundi. Kirokiro now travels to villages in Africa to support his humanitarian projects and brings back finds for his customers. The store features a range of African instruments, dinnerware, jewelry, clothing and carved figurines. A descendent of royal Burundi lineage, Kirokiro sells a nimba statue from Ghana, which marks the home of royalty. The proceeds from all his drum sales help fund two schools and a free recording studio in villages in Rwanda and Burundi.
Brothers Nestor and Florencio Blanquel are two of five sibling furniture makers from Guadalajara, Mexico. The brothers run Blanquel Popular Art in downtown Fullerton, which they fill with the rustic Mexican furniture and wrought iron constructed by members of the family back home. When not driving back and forth from Mexico, the brothers are restocking the shop with Mexican folk art, tiles or other products. The store also does custom orders in furniture and wrought iron.
At the Bowers Museum Gallery Store, director of retail sales Pauline Rusterholtz has a knack for creating a feast for ethnic art aficionados. Rusterholtz buys many of the pieces from artisans. There are plenty of items signed by the artists. Quality is the standard at this gallery, where a rich variety of cultures is represented for those who want to reflect the world's diversity in their homes.
Contact the writer: email@example.com


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Hear the Band (Multimedia)
News Feature
News & Events
February 28, 2014
The Campus Center Auditorium was filled with music when BSU hosted the third-annual High School Honors Band Festival. Twelve local high schools performed with BSU's wind ensemble.
Serving as directors for the evening's performance were Dr. Edwin C. Powell of the University of the Pacific, and BSU's own Dr. Donald Running.
Videos courtesy of Team TVS.


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It's a tough time to be a tech entrepreneur. IPOs are stalling, the banks aren't lending and venture capital funds are running dry. But if you want some desk space and meeting rooms and a bit of camaraderie for a fledgling business, London's start-ups are starting to be spoilt for choice. Read more
© The Financial Times Ltd 2016 FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.


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Apex Maritime India Opens Office in Delhi
Jan 14, 2013
NEW DELHI — Apex Maritime India Pvt. Ltd. is pleased to announce the opening of their office in New Delhi, India. Located in the capital city, the new office will help manage the growing demand to and from the India Subcontinent region. Office details below:
Apex Maritime India Pvt Ltd.
CB385B 1ST Floor
Ring Road,Naraina
New Delhi-110028


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Poll undermines conservative claim that Brown victory is a rejection of health care reform
Research ››› ››› GREG LEWIS
Numerous conservative media figures have suggested that a victory by Republican candidate Scott Brown would indicate massive popular rejection of health care reform. In fact, election night polling by Rasmussen Reports undermines this claim, showing that a higher percentage of Martha Coakley voters than Brown voters said that health care reform was the most important issue in determining their vote.
Numerous conservatives call Brown victory a rejection of health care reform
Beck: "Health care is at stake" and Democrats could "lose Ted Kennedy's seat ... on this issue." On the January 19 edition of Premiere Radio Networks' The Glenn Beck Program, Glenn Beck stated:
BECK: This is Ted Kennedy's seat. Health care is at stake. The progressive movement is at stake. This presidency is at stake. If they lose, this is catastrophic for them. This isn't a small, little thing.
If you lose Ted Kennedy's seat at this time in history on this issue, how are the rest of the Democrats going to fare in the rest of the country?
Rove: Democrats should "take from this" that "people have rejected their health care reform." On the January 19 broadcast of Fox News' Happening Now, Karl Rove said that Democrats should "take from" a Brown victory that "people have rejected their health care reform and step back and actually govern from the center and work with Republicans and Democrats to fashion things."
Bill Kristol: "The voters of Massachusetts are well aware that this is a national referendum on the health care bill." On the January 17 edition of Fox News Sunday, Weekly Standard editor Bill Kristol stated that "the voters of Massachusetts are well aware that this is a national referendum on the health care bill and on Obama's general big-government liberal program, and they don't like it. And that's Massachusetts."
Krauthammer: "[E]ssentially, it's a referendum on health care." On the January 17 edition of Fox News Sunday, columnist Charles Krauthammer said that "essentially, it's a referendum on health care. It's a referendum on the Obama agenda. And Obama's up there [campaigning for Coakley] because everything hinges on this election."
Carl Cameron: "This is a national referendum" on health care. On the January 18 edition of Fox News' Hannity, Fox News correspondent Carl Cameron called the race "a national referendum in the sense that this liberal state is having very big doubts about health care."
Steve Doocy: "[T]his looks like a huge repudiation of health care." On the January 18 edition of Fox News' Fox & Friends, co-host Steve Doocy stated: "You know, the people of Massachusetts elected Barack Obama, I think by 26, 27 points or something like that -- was the margin of victory for him, and now fast forward, here we are a little more than a year later and suddenly, this looks like a huge repudiation of, you know, health care, one vote down in Washington, one party vote down in Washington."
Nina Easton: "This is a referendum, very much on the health care plan that's moving through Congress." On the January 19 edition of Fox News' Happening Now, Fortune magazine's Nina Easton stated that part of the "big story" of the campaign was "health care. This is a referendum very much on the health care plan that's moving through Congress."
Rasmussen poll undermines conservative claims that Brown victory is a rejection of health care reform
Rasmussen election night poll shows more Coakley than Brown voters said health care reform most important factor in determining their vote. A Rasmussen Reports election night poll in Massachusetts found that 63 percent of Coakley voters said health care was the most important issue in determining their vote, while 52 percent of Brown voters said it was their top issue. As Media Matters for America has documented, Rasmussen previously reportedly worked for President George W. Bush's re-election campaign and for the Republican National Committee in 2003 and 2004.
Unlike most of America, Mass. already has universal health care
Romney advisor Kaufman on why many Mass. voters oppose health care reform: "They already paid for it." From a January 13 article at The Daily Caller:
Romney adviser Ron Kaufman, a Washington lobbyist who has been working with the Brown campaign in an unofficial advisory role, said that the people of Massachusetts are "satisfied with what they got" but that they are angry about the federal bill being debated because it would force the state to pay for something they already have: nearly universal coverage.
"They already paid for it," Kaufman said.
Brown said much the same thing during his interview on Fox.
"Why would we subsidize and why would we pay more for something we already have. It makes no sense," he said.
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MOBILE, Ala. - When their cruise ship lost power, passengers aboard the Carnival Triumph could have been selfish and looked out only for themselves and their loved ones. Instead, they became comrades in a long, exhausting struggle to get home.
As ship conditions deteriorated after an engine fire, travelers formed Bible study groups, shared or traded precious supplies and even welcomed strangers into their private cabins. Long after they've returned to the everyday luxuries of hot showers and cold drinks, passengers said, they will remember the crew and the personal bonds formed during a cruel week at sea.
The tired tourists finally reached land Friday and gave a glimpse into the intensely uncomfortable journey they had endured.
Sandy Jackson, of Houston, was fortunate to have an upper-level room with a balcony and a breeze that kept the air in her cabin fresh. Rooms on the lower decks were too foul or stifling, so Jackson took in five people, including four strangers.
"We knew one, the others we're very good friends with now," Jackson said. "Everyone was very cordial in sharing supplies. What you had and they didn't have, everyone shared as much as possible."
Brandi Dorsett, of Sweeny, Texas, said people were antsy and irritable at times, and there was tension. But it never got out of hand.
"People were bartering. Can I have your cereal for this? Can I have your drink for that?" she said. "We had one lady, she was begging for cigarettes for diapers. There were no diapers on the boat. There was no formula on the boat."
The ship left Galveston, Texas, on Feb. 17 for a four-day jaunt to Cozumel, Mexico. The fire paralyzed the ship early Sunday, leaving it adrift in the Gulf of Mexico until tugboats towed the massive 14-story vessel to Mobile. It arrived late Thursday to cheers and flashing cameras. Passengers had to wait several more hours to disembark.
"Sweet Home Alabama!" read one of the homemade signs passengers hung over the side.
Many of the more than 4,200 people aboard were bused to New Orleans to catch a flight home or to the ship's home port in Galveston. And as if they hadn't suffered enough, one of the buses broke down during the two-hour ride to New Orleans. Passengers on a different bus reported losing their luggage.
But that was nothing compared to life on the crippled cruise liner. To pass the time, Joseph Alvarez said about 45 people gathered in a public room on the lower deck for Bible study.
"It was awesome," he said. "It lifted up our souls and gave us hope that we would get back."
Because many passengers were sleeping on the outside deck, Dwayne Chapman of Lake Charles, La., used his pocket knife to cut decorative rope to make tents out of bed sheets. At first, other passengers told him they thought he was going to get in trouble, but later, everyone wanted to borrow his knife to do the same thing.
"I really think we've made some lifelong friends going through this ordeal," Chapman's wife, Kim, said.
When it was over, many passengers were just grateful for simple pleasures. After days of warm drinks, Cheryl McIntosh and her husband were glad to see coolers full of ice.
"The first thing we did was open up those Diet Cokes and we drank some," McIntosh said.
Tugs pulled the ship away from the dock Friday, moving it down a waterway to a shipyard where it will be repaired. Carnival spokesman Vance Gulliksen said the damage assessment was ongoing.
The cleanup seemed daunting. Passengers described water-logged carpet, sewage seeping through the walls, overflowing toilets and a stench so bad people choked when they tried to endure it.
But by most accounts, the crew did as much as they could, using disinfectant and picking up plastic bags of feces after toilets stopped working.
David Glocker, of Jacksonville, Fla., praised the crew's efforts to help passengers and recognized the conditions for them were worse than for most passengers because their quarters were on the lowest part of the ship.
"The conditions down there were horrible. They all had to wear masks," he said. "They worked their butts off trying to get us food."
Dorsett praised a voice over the ship's public address system that she knew as "Jen."
"Jen was fabulous. I can remember her saying `Everything is brilliant!" Dorsett said. "One day, she was just talking and she said, `I know, folks, it just really sucks.' So she was even letting go. She would try to keep that happy spirit, but yet sometimes you could hear tension in her."
Six investigators from the National Transportation Safety Board were in Mobile to look into the cause of the engine-room fire, which happened some 150 miles off Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula.
NTSB spokesman Keith Holloway said the agency was working with the Coast Guard and the Bahamas Maritime Authority, which will serve as the primary investigative agency.
The Bahamian government was taking the lead because the Triumph is a Bahamian-flagged vessel, and it was in international waters at the time of the fire, Holloway said.
Passengers described a horrifying scene after the fire. Some said they smelled smoke and received conflicting instructions about every 15 minutes over the PA system. Others ran for lifeboats.
No one was hurt in the fire, and just two people were taken off the ship for medical conditions as a precaution.
Connie Ede, of Houston, was on the cruise with her husband. During the fire, the two got their life jackets ready and put cellphones, passports, money and credit cards in their pockets.
"All in all, I wish it hadn't happened, but it did, and we survived," she said.
Carnival promised to give refunds, offer passengers another trip and cover their transportation costs home. Travelers were also to receive $500 in compensation.
Carnival CEO Gerry Cahill apologized at a news conference and again on the PA system as people disembarked.
"I appreciate the patience of our guests and their ability to cope with the situation. ... I know the conditions on board were very poor," he said. "We pride ourselves on providing our guests with a great vacation experience, and clearly we failed in this particular case."
Passengers to receive refunds, credit for future cruise
Carnival said all of the passengers will receive a full refund for the cruise, along with transportation expenses. They'll also be reimbursed for all purchases aboard the ship, except for gift shop and casino charges. They will also received a future cruise credit equal to the amount paid for this voyage.
On Wednesday, Carnival officials said all passengers will also get $500 compensation.
"We know it has been a longer journey back than we anticipated at the beginning of the week under very challenging circumstances," Cahill said. "We are very sorry for what our guests have had to endure. Therefore, in addition to the full refund and future cruise credit already offered, we have decided to provide this additional compensation."
Carnival cancels 14 voyages
Carnival Cruise Lines cancelled 12 additional voyages of the cruise ship Triumph on Wednesday.
The cancelled cruises, which include sailings from Feb. 21 through April 13, are in addition to two previously cancelled voyages departing from Galveston on Feb. 11 and Feb. 16.
Guests booked on the cancelled voyages will receive a full refund, reimbursement for non-refundable travel expenses and a 25 percent discount on a future three- or five-day cruise or a 15 percent discount on a six- to-seven day cruise.
Copyright 2013 by Click2Houston.com. The Associated Press contributed to this report. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Visiting Steelers rally to knock down Giants
EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. — From sleepy-eyed start to unforgettable fourth-quarter finish, there's never been a day like it in Steelers history.
They started the day of a road game back home in Pittsburgh — in Pittsburgh! — and compensated for a lack of rest by catching a nap in a New Jersey hotel ballroom. Then they proceeded to sleepwalk through three quarters in which they beat themselves more than the Super Bowl champion New York Giants did.
Down by 10 points to a streaking, confident team led by one of the great fourth-quarter quarterbacks, Eli Manning, the Steelers awakened to rally for a signature 24-20 win Sunday over the Giants at MetLife Stadium that featured one of the best defensive closeouts in franchise history.
"This wasn't another win," linebacker Larry Foote said. "It's priceless."
Rallying with Mike Wallace's 51-yard touchdown catch, Isaac Redman's 147-yard rushing day against the Giants' elite front four and Redman's go-ahead 1-yard touchdown run, the Steelers withstood a failed fake field goal in that turnaround fourth quarter with a performance the Steel Curtain would have envied.
"This was the best win we've had in my four years here," Wallace said.
Manning threw for 243 yards in the fourth quarter against Tampa Bay earlier this season. In this one, he threw for a net of minus-10 yards. His running game added only a single yard, and the Giants' minus-9 yards in the final 15 minutes were the second-fewest the Steelers have allowed in at least the past 20 years. They held Minnesota to minus-10 in 2005.
That was against an inept team at the end of a season. This was against the champs.
The Steelers outgained them, 147 to minus-9, in the fourth quarter.
"To get a win against defending Super Bowl champions, on a day like this where we overcame all this stuff — all the passion and emotion they had after the hurricane here — and we still came out and got the win," Wallace said. "That says a whole lot about our team."
Manning couldn't explain a quarter in which he was 1 for 5 and was sacked twice for 20 yards in losses.
"Obviously, they're a good defense," he said. "They're talented, and they do a great job of mixing up looks."
In their first eight games, the Giants (6-3) outscored their opponents by 42 points in the fourth quarter. As defensive end Justin Tuck said, "We're a team known for finishing."
"Two weeks ago, we were the No. 1 big-play team in the league," coach Tom Coughlin said. "I mean, it doesn't make any sense."
Coughlin was animated and visibly disappointed during his postgame news conference.
"This is as disappointing a loss as we've had around here in a long time," he said. "This was not the kind of game we had planned to play."
The Steelers (5-3) won their third in a row, their second straight on the road and now can look to a home game against the Ravens (6-2) in two weeks as possibly being for the AFC North lead, if they take care of Kansas City next week.
"We're building something right now," Foote said. "We're building something."
Unable to secure hotel rooms because Hurricane Sandy has disrupted life in the New York/New Jersey area — multiple Giants players had no power in their homes all week — the Steelers didn't fly to the game site until six hours before kickoff following an unusual early-morning wakeup call.
"I don't think I've been that sleepy before a game before," linebacker James Harrison said.
Roethlisberger called it "one of the craziest things ever."
After the quick flight, they grabbed food and a nap.
"We had a lot of NFL superstar millionaires sleeping on the floor, with rolled up shirts as pillows, but football is football," Foote said. "Put the ball down on grass and we'll play."
They took a 7-0 lead early in the second quarter on Roethlisberger's 4-yard touchdown pass to Emmanuel Sanders, who played a bigger role in the offense after Antonio Brown went out early with an ankle injury.
The next two quarters were a mishmash of penalties — two pass interference calls on Keenan Lewis for 87 yards — questionable officiating calls and missed opportunities. Roethlisberger threw an interception and had his fumble returned 70 yards for a touchdown by Michael Boley — on an apparent incomplete pass in which his arm was coming forward.
"I can't figure out some of this stuff now," coach Mike Tomlin said.
Nor could Roethlisberger, who was 21 of 30 for 216 yards and two touchdowns, the 200th and 201st of his career counting the postseason.
"I thought it was absolutely an incomplete pass, the tuck rule," Roethlisberger said. "I guess they thought the ball wiggled a little bit, but I had complete control of it all the way to the end."
All that self-imposed hardship went away with a classic fourth quarter of Steelers defense during which Redman — the third starting running back in the last five weeks — ran for 54 yards.
Still, the Steelers didn't try to compare their unsettled day to the Giants' unsettled week. Some Giants players, like Manning, spent the week in a hotel; others, like Martellus Bennett, still go home each night to a cold, dark, powerless house. As he said, "It was a tough week, and it's even tougher to lose the game."
"There's a lot of people that had a lot more adversity than what we had to deal with this morning," Tomlin said. "The bottom line is we were here when they kicked the ball off. … We had a nice morning, and I thought our guys did a nice job of handling it."
But for all of the emotion in a filled-up stadium where nearly 81,000 showed up despite the lack of most public transit, it was the Steelers who came up big at the end. Helped by a 79-7 edge in return yardage, they improved to 5-0 on the road in November the last two seasons.
It was easily their best win since they beat eventual AFC champion New England a year ago this week.
"We overcame a lot of things: adversity, calls, hurricanes, traveling on the same day," Wallace said. "We really showed our true colors."
Maybe they found themselves, too, in a season that began with bad losses to the Raiders and Titans in which they couldn't hold fourth-quarter leads.
"Coach Tomlin said, 'This game is the fork in the road. Which way do we want to go?'" Redman said. "We're in the right direction."
Even if it was a road never traveled before by the Steelers.


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WALLY Pape claimed the silverware on offer in the re-arranged Captains Day at Brean after his nett 68 proved to be the best of the day. This also secured him Division Three success one ahead of Graham Foy.
Second Division winner Paul McLanaghan was Pape's nearest challenger overall as he matched his score of 68 but had a slightly poorer back nine score.
Dave Lockwood was the runner up in that sector with a nett 69. Division One was won with the score of nett 70 returned by Alan Cooke leaving him two clear of Steve Jones in second. Jenny Vaughan pipped Shelia Rouse to take the Ladies Captains Cup. As is tradition with Captains Day at Brean the afternoon consisted of a Cross Country Scramble over a nine hole layout devised by the Professionals.
This event provided a close finish with a countback needed to separate the leading two trio's. Dennis May, David Hunter and Nigel Elis were deemed the winners as they just edged out Ali Haskins, Matt Haskins and Steve Mason after both had had nett 29's. Over the day much money was again raised for the Captains chosen Charity for the year which is locally based PETAL, The Christine Woodberry Memorial Trust.
The Seniors have had a barrage of competitions completed in the last week or so with Tony Tissington winning the Veterans Trophy after 41 point haul and Pat Mullholland taking the Seniors Medal with a nett 70 while Barrie Tucker recorded another win in the Seniors Chairman's Cup with 36 points in some tough conditions.
Brean's two PGA Professionals didn't fare too well in the Wormald and Partners G&S PGA Matchplay last week. Andrew March tasted defeat on the final hole whilst David Haines won to move into the Quarter Finals. That was as far as he would get as he lost the following morning to the eventual winner Ed Goodwin (Cirencester).
Both Haines and March now line up in the first G&S PGA Medal of the winter season on their home turf this coming Wednesday and are joined by a Roy Baker who has just been accepted onto the PGA Training programme.


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The Tegra 4 GPU, NVIDIA Claims Better Performance Than iPad 4by Anand Lal Shimpi on 1/14/2013 6:13 PM EST
60 Comments
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Scannall - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkConsidering their past performance I'll wait for the independent benchmarks. Regardless though, the SOC wars are looking interesting. Though the PowerVR 6 series (Rogue) should be shipping this quarter, and is rumored to put out around 210 Gflops. We'll have to wait and see on that one as well. Reply
Kevin G - Monday, January 14, 2013 - link210 GFLOPs for Rogue? That's Xbox 360 class performance which is 240 GLFOPs for comparison. Reply
Zink - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkXbox games often run in 720p, which just goes to show how much faster these SOCs will need to get to drive over four time that resolution with modern graphics engines. Reply
JarredWalton - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkGFLOPS is not the greatest way of measuring performance, but something interesting to keep in mind is that Rogue is still using the same process technology as PowerVR's current stuff but adding more features (DX10 class stuff, essentially). I'm not sure if we noted this elsewhere, but it's possible that Rogue won't be any faster than the current stuff -- it will just support some newer GPU features.
As for Xbox 360, considering it's now over seven years old, I suspect much of the next-gen SoC silicon will at least match it in terms of gaming potential. As usual, it's more about the games than the hardware. Just like on Windows, on Android games need to support a wider array of hardware, so some optimization opportunities get lost. Reply
blanarahul - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkAgreed. BTW ARM's new GPUs( T604, T624, T628, T658 T678 ) use Unified Shader design, right? Reply
JohnMayer - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkLove my job, since I've been bringing in $5600… I sit at home, music playing while I work in front of my new iMac that I got now that I'm making it online(Click on menu Home)
Happy New Year! Reply
alex3run - Saturday, January 26, 2013 - linkYes, mali t6xx use Unified shader design. Reply
R0H1T - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkI wonder what it does to the power efficiency though considering the fact that the Apple custom SoC lag on the CPU front, bear in mind that it'll also take more space on the die itself, not to mention they're pretty infamous for over heating, maybe that's just the cheap aluminium !
Basically what I'm trying to say here is that on the same process node, that you mentioned above, PowerVR has very little to no room for making this an efficient & better performing GPU than the 5x series(relatively speaking) also most of the performance gains would be had by adding more silicon rather than optimizing the GPU, that'll be done perhaps later on just not right now ? Reply
Kevin G - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkIndeed. ROP count, TMU count and memory bandwidth all contribute to performance. Considering the high resolution displays becoming popular in the mobile space, it'd make sense to scale the number of ROP's and TMU's alongside shader performance. The real telling difference between this and the Xbox 360 in terms of raw hardware is that the Xbox 360 has a 10 MB of eDRAM with an incredible amount of bandwidth to. Hence why the Xbox 360 was often marketed with '4x MSAA for free' to developers (though modern deferred rendering engine can't take advantage of it).
ARM SoC's on the other hand have had relatively narrow memory buses running at low clock speeds, much less a sizable eDRAM pool. Only chips like the A5X and A6X have bandwidth figures approaching the Xbox 360's main memory bus (17 GB/s vs. 22.6 GB/s). PowerVR does have nice trick up its sleeve using tile based rendering. That conserves a good chunk of memory bandwidth for better efficiency but I doubt it'd be enough offset the benefits eDRAM brings to the XBox 360. Reply
MrSpadge - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkYou wouldn't need to run at native res for games on these ultra high density displays. Calculating once for every 4 pixel group would suffice. Only use full resolution for GUI elemtens. Reply
piroroadkill - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkYeah, exactly.
It'd be nice to have a 720p/1080p toggle to see if people can actually see the difference at normal distances on those screens. Reply
B3an - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkGFLOPs are not everything though. The PS Vita is capable of coming reasonably close to PS3 graphics and thats with ARM A9 and SGX543MP4+. The Tegra 4 should pretty much be capable of 360/PS3 level graphics, to the point where most people wouldn't notice a difference anyway. It will also have more RAM to work with, but i'm guessing with less bandwidth. Reply
Jamezrp - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkAlso worth noting that during the event they made very little noise to say it was faster than the iPad. They didn't say it wasn't, but barely made any mention of it. Considering Apple's phone and tablet are already out and Tegra 4 will be on a few dozen devices this year, you'd think that would be a major highlight to point out.
As always with Tegra I assume that when they say it's more powerful, they really mean that if developers target their apps for Tegra then they can have better performance (potentially), not for general programming. Of course, considering my knowledge of programming, I don't know exactly what that means... Reply
Krysto - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkRogue can go pretty high - for a cost in power consumption. So just because it can reach a certain level, doesn't mean you'll actually see that in the first GPU models coming out this year. We'll see what Apple uses this spring, but I doubt they'll use anything more than twice as powerful as A6x, after only ~6 months. It might even be only 50% faster. Reply
powerarmour - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkWell, I'd be more surprised if it wasn't tbh! Reply
hmaarrfk - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkYea seriously. If Apple wasn't as secretive as they are, they would have released their demo of A6X last year around this time..... Reply
Mumrik - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkIt would be really really weird if nV wasn't able to claim better performance than the iPad 4 at this point. Reply
KoolAidMan1 - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkIt would need to be well over a doubling in performance to get up to iPad 4 levels of performance.
We'll see how things are with independent benchmarks. It is bizarre that a company known for its GPU has been playing catchup with PowerVR and Enyxos for so long now. Reply
BugblatterIII - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkThe iPad 4 with A6X will have been out for quite some time by the time Tegra 4 devices are available. It'd be nice if Nvidia could come up with something that would more than just barely beat the A6X given a perfectly-balanced workload.
I'm firmly in the Android camp but the (comparatively) lacklustre GPUs we get landed with are a big source of annoyance. Reply
menting - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linki'm all for faster GPU speeds, but not if the tradeoff is battery life.
People that play stressful 3D games are still in the minority. Reply
quiksilvr - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkAndroid chips (generally) have faster CPUs but slower GPUs when compared to the Apple chips.
So in other words, despite iOS looking smoother (and running games more smoothly), load times and execution is generally faster in Android. Reply
BugblatterIII - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkWell there's also the IO sub-system, which tends to be very slow in many devices.
I don't know what Apple devices are like, but IO performance is the biggest problem with my Transformer Prime. A fast CPU doesn't help if it's twiddling its thumbs waiting for data. Reply
BugblatterIII - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkWell obviously I want it all; their job is to make them faster at the same or lower power.
To be fair if Tegra 4 goes into phones it should be far faster than the A6 (PowerVR SGX543MP3) in the iPhone 5, I'd just like something available for tablets that'd beat the iPad 4, especially since Android high-res tablets are likely to have more pixels to push (e.g. Nexus 10). Reply
bpear96 - Saturday, January 26, 2013 - linkNow that android has all the hardware acceleration going on, a faster more powerful GPU will not only be good for games, but really smooth out the whole OS Reply
dragonsqrrl - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkThe GPU in the A6X represents the maximum configuration for the SGX554, the same is true for the 543 in the A5X. There's a reason you don't see MP4 554's or 543's in smartphone form factors. These are high die area, high power consumption GPU configurations. There are tradeoffs.
I think the fact that Nvidia was able to match the theoretical FP performance of Power VR's highest end options at a lower transistor count and substantially lower die size is in itself impressive. If we see Tegra 4 in smartphones, which I'm assuming we will, it'll be quite an impressive accomplishment to say the least.
I'm not sure why this is never a part of the conversation when discussing the value of a mobile SOC, but all the performance the SGX 543 and 554 offer also comes at the price of comparatively high transistor counts and high power consumption. The A5X and A6x at load consume a LOT of power, due in large part to their GPU's. Tegra 3 was clearly never meant to compete with an A5X or A6X, which is why I've always been a bit confused when the anti-Tegra 3 bandwagon would draw comparisons. Reply
Zink - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkThere is obviously an advantage to big die to offset the downside of increased cost or no one would design a big chip for mobile devices. I think the explanation is that high transistor count actually allows for low clockspeeds (lower votage) and efficiency. A5X and A6X run at about 250 MHz while Tegra 3 clocks over 500 Mhz. If it was really more efficient to run small chips like 554 MP2 at high clocks then why would we have MP4? Reply
dragonsqrrl - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkThey're completely different architectures, and the optimal clock ranges for a ULP geforce and SGX554 probably vary. I could turn your question around and ask why Apple wouldn't simply use lower clocked versions of an A5X or A6X in their iPhones? There's probably some threshold for a given form factor where it becomes more practical to either add more hardware units, or raise clocks on fewer units to achieve a certain performance target. Take the SGX543 MP3 in the A6 for example.
There's probably some benefit for Apple to take the larger die size approach for their tablet form factor, I'm just not sure it's mainly for power efficiency. Perhaps its simply because they have that additional thermal headroom to work with in an SOC designed specifically for tablets? Reply
Zink - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkI agree that the optimal clock ranges are probably different. If you have to ask the main downsides of using a big die that I can think of would be cost, production time, and motherboard real estate. SGX544 (basically SGX543) is run at 384 MHz in shipping hardware so there is no question that it can go higher. The main benefit of a big die is power efficiency but I can't find that mentioned in any of Anand's Apple reviews.
But Tegra does suck compared to Apple hardware from the same generation. :p Reply
Zink - Monday, January 14, 2013 - link1. From what I understand, SGXMP4 is not inherently high power consumption. I think that die area alone is the reason Apple (the only one using SOCs that big in tablets) does not put these chips in phones and that they would be just as power efficient as any other current GPU when run at 1.5W. There are tradeoffs yes, likely cost and motherboard real estate.
2. I disagree that Nvidia using a smaller die at higher clocks to match current PowerVR performance is impressive with no power consumption numbers to back it up. Tegra 4 needs to be efficient at low power to do well in phones and we still don't know how it will perform in that regard.
3. The only tablets with these hot chips are the iPads which provide a fat battery and better gaming battery life than competing devices. Tegra 3 is also an equally hot chip, if you crunch the gaming power consumption numbers in the AT TF700T review, T33 is drawing about 30% more power than A5X and going much slower.
4 . You are right that Tegra 3 is a cheaper small die part that does not compete with the big high cost MP4 chips.
TLDR; there is good reason the the anti-Tegra bandwagon when cost is not being considered Reply
fm123 - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkApple doesn't have to care about die size so much, because they don't need to sell to others. Plus they have dedicated fabs for their parts. Nvidia is making one part that is being used for both tablet and phone applications, so they don't have the option like Apple of making two size parts. They went with an optimal compromise on size and what could fit in there. A6X is around 30%+ larger than T4, even accounting for fab size. Reply
milli - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkIndeed and this is the part that people seem to ignore. Apple SOC's cost much more to produce but all Apple needs to worry about is the total BOM. While NVidia actually needs to sell these SOC's and try to make a profit on the chip itself (which it's failing to do ATM). Ex.: A6 costs $20 to produce but HTC needs to pay nVidia $25 for T3.
Apple can make profit much easier since they're making the full device (and can charge up to $100 for 16GB of NAND!). R&D costs of developing such SOC's become a small fraction of the total cost when you produce close to 200 million units a year.
The only other company in the same position as Apple is Samsung (actually in a better position since they own the fabs (chip, screen, ...) too) and they're moving to bigger SOC's too. Reply
CeriseCogburn - Sunday, January 20, 2013 - link
What happened with AMD then ? They had the same advantages as Apple, and all we ever heard was they were a huge financial burden that was not AMD fault whatsoever...
AMD took a different strategy compared to Apple - smaller/cheaper/crashier....
Thus it has nearly destroyed them.
So one can talk advantages all the time, but those with a very similar set often evolve quite differently, one to wild success and a truly dedicated deep pocketed following(appleheads) willing to provide profits and guard their precious IOS babies for years on end, and another teetering on bankruptcy and constant humiliation and penny pinching with a tightwad fanatic user fan base always trying to the very last drop of red AMD blood from the rotten turnip while attacking and blaming everyone else in a now failed PR war that has been **** on the industry for years.
nVidia on the other hand was pushed out of the chipset business and instead of publicly making a big sick stinking hate bomb over it and training their fanboys to take up the cause like AMD would have, they continued to excel in their other base nVidia #1 business while they branched out and aimed for the future - pulling in a fine profit and remaining a top dog.
Project Shield has impressed those who used it hands on, so we already know the tegra4 is a coming winner.
Just click the tegra2 tegra3 and tegra4 buttons in the build graph there and "astounding!" sounds correct for the architectural size differences.
If one is concerned about power as a few mentioned, that fifth core is the "idler" that is going to make this chip tremendous in power saving features.
I want one yesterday.
EnzoFX - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkExactly, let alone the advantages Apple has with vertical integration i.e. optimized performance. Reply
ltcommanderdata - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkBesides shader ALUs are there any details on changes to TMU and ROP count? Are those also scaled 6x or only 2x corresponding to the doubling of Vec4 pixel units rather than the ALUs themselves?
As well, for you chart, could you add a row stating the "shipping clocks" you are using to calculate your GFLOPS results since that makes things more clear. Reply
Brunelleschi - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkTegra 4 sounds really awesome!! I wish a unified shader architecture were used, but still, if the shipping frequencies are 600MHz or above, the Tegra 4 should be significantly ahead of the A6X, despite the non-unified shader architecture. I think this will be because, even with Tegra 3's non-unified shader architecture, which could only do 12 GFLOPS in total, it wasn't much behind the PowerVR SGX543MP2 in the iPad 2 (with 16 GFLOPS total).
I think that the Tegra 4 will be pretty revolutionary for mobile GPU performance, especially in the Android world, because nor the Mali-T604 nor the PowerVR SGX544MP3 in the Exynos 5 Octa stand a chance against the Tegra 4, even with the older architecture. I only wished NVIDIA used a Mobile Development Platform, like Qualcomm does, so we wouldn't have to wait for an actual device to be released to the market to see the SoC's performance. (If only NVIDIA let people try the SHIELD sample device at CES...) Reply
KitsuneKnight - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkTegra 4 will increase performance over last gen parts, but it'll still lack full OpenGL ES 3.0 support. Current gen Mali and Adreno GPUs already support OpenGL ES 3.0, and PowerVR GPUs will begin supporting it with Rogue. That's going to suck for game developers, having one major vendor not support the standard, which means it'll be even longer before a high enough percentage of the market can handle OGLES3.0 that developers are comfortable requiring it, instead of spending extra time, effort, and money to write extra code paths.
If nVidia can get the Tegra 4 out before the next iPad, it'll likely be top tier for a bit... but if they're too slow, newer GPUs will enter the market from all the other vendors (including the first PowerVR Series 6 GPUs) which'll make Tegra 4 look like nothing special, and maybe even look anemic in comparison. So far, nVidia's mobile hype hasn't lived up to their marketing... hopefully the Tegra 4's GPU will be nothing like their older GPUs. Reply
DERSS - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkA7X will probably debut before actual Tegra 4 devices will ship, though. Reply
CeriseCogburn - Sunday, January 20, 2013 - linkSo as per Apple's terse standard method pointed out here, you're saying A7X in retail apple devices will hit the markets less than 10 days after the 1st tegra4 devices...
Whatever... more bloviation from the superspeculator with zero facts and zero history on their side.
A snide smear is not the future applefan or nVidia hater. Reply
tviceman - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkSince Nvidia's dull CES event, horrible Tegra 4 intro, perplexing decision to create SHIELD, and the leaked benchmarks, I've been really down on Tegra 4. If this news is true, then I'll probably change my mind. Nvidia cannot afford to come out with a chip slower than what the competition has had out for 3, 6, even 9 months already.
Being on 28nm and using TSMC's lowest leakage process, perf/watt should be considerably better than Samsung's exynos 5. I've also come to the conclusion that SHIELD is using Tegra 4 chips that will end up not making the cut for tablets and phones with respect to clockspeeds / voltages / TDP for to essentially maximize the amount of money they can squeeze out of each Tegra 4 wafer. Reply
joos2000 - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkI would like to see an added row showing GFLOPS/Watt. Reply
Ryan Smith - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkGFLOPS/watt varies non-linearly with clockspeed, so it would be extremely product specific at best. Reply
alexvoda - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkAdding the Apple A6 and the Samsung Exynos 5 Dual would be nice for comparison. Reply
StormyParis - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkDo we know what percentage of tablet users actually play demanding 3D games ? Out of 5-6 people off the top of my head, no one does. Reply
BugblatterIII - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkWell I do. Android is all about choice; if you want killer 3D you should be able to have it. If you don't need it then you can buy a device more to your taste. Reply
CeriseCogburn - Sunday, January 20, 2013 - linkWorse yet, the Apple fanboys don't play 3D, they might play a 1932xx oh sorry 1999 Syndicate clone that ran on a clamshell...
Or they bootcamp and have suckage hardware to deal with for their dollars spent, usually something the rabid AMD fanboy base would scream about - where are they ? Oh that's right, if it's nVidia getting bashed that's them doing it - so no using their 1,000 % always overstated talking point price/perf for now....
What the appleheads do is bask in the glory, true or not, that "they could" play some 3D if they "wanted to". LOL
This site did a tegra3 vs the then current Apple gaming comparison and apple did not win - it lost in fact.
Apple looked worse, didn't performa any better, had less features active -
Apple lost to tegra3 in gaming, right here at this site.. I know the article is still up as usual. Reply
gbanfalvi - Wednesday, January 23, 2013 - linkYou're not talking about this one then, are you :D
http://www.anandtech.com/show/5163/asus-eee-pad-tr... Reply
Quizzical - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linkThere are a variety of claims around the Internet that Tegra 4 supports Direct3D 11 and OpenGL 4. Those have 6 and 5 programmable pipeline stages, respectively. (The sixth, compute shaders, was added by OpenGL in 4.3.) Direct3D has the whole feature_level business that lets companies claim Direct3D 11 compliance while not supporting anything not already in Direct3D 9.0c, but OpenGL doesn't do that.
If it doesn't have unified shaders, then where do the other pipeline stages get executed? Does everything except fragment shaders run on vertex shaders, since any position computations will desperately need the 32-bit precision to avoid massive graphical artifacting? Or are the more recent pipeline stages simply not supported by Tegra 4 at all, and the claims of OpenGL 4 compliance simply wrong?
And now you're claiming that Tegra 4 doesn't even fully support OpenGL ES 3.0, let alone the full OpenGL? OpenGL ES 3.0 still only has two programmable stages, too. Reply
dgschrei - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkThe Direct3D practice you describe is actually gone since DirectX 10.
On DX9 you could indeed claim your card was DX9-capable even though you only supported a single one of the DX9 features.
Since DX10 MS -thankfully- changed this and you are only allowed to put the DX10/11 stamp onto your hardware if you support the full DX10/11 feature set. Reply
Krysto - Wednesday, January 16, 2013 - linkAre you sure about that? I've seen mobile GPU's say they support DirectX11.1 but only Direct3D 9.3 feature set. So they might support other stuff in DirectX up to 11.1, but as far as graphics and gaming go, they'll only support the feature set up to 9.3.
I mean, do you actually expect these chips to support tessellation? Even if they did, it would be useless for mobile devices, as they would use too much power. That's why the OpenGL ES standard exists for mobile, separated from the full OpenGL. You can't use the full features yet without consuming a lot of power, and the same is true for DirectX. Reply
Quizzical - Wednesday, January 16, 2013 - linkTessellation done right is actually a huge performance optimization.
One classical problem in 3D graphics is how many vertices to use in your models for objects that are supposed to appear curved. Use few vertices and they appear horribly blocky up close. Use a ton of vertices and it's a huge performance hit when you have to process a ton of vertices for objects that are far enough away that a large number of vertices is complete overkill.
Ideally, you'd like to use few vertices for objects that are far away (and most of the time, most objects are far away), many vertices for the few objects that are up close, and interpolate smoothly between them to use not much more the minimum number of vertices to make everything look smooth, regardless of how far away they are. That's exactly what tessellation does.
There is a minimum performance level needed for using tessellation to make sense, though. If you're forced to turn tessellation down far enough that there are obvious jumps in the model whenever the tessellation level changes, it looks terrible. The quad core version of AMD Temash will have plenty of GPU performance for heavy use of tessellation to make sense, and the dual core version might, too. Nvidia Tegra 4 might well have had that level of GPU performance, too, if it supported tessellation.
But you can live without tessellation, and just accept that 3D models will be blocky up close. I'm actually more concerned about missing geometry shaders.
Geometry shaders let you see an entire primitive at once in a programmable shader stage, rather than only one vertex or pixel at a time. They also let you create new primitives or discard old ones on the GPU rather than having to process them all on the CPU and then send them to the GPU. Both of those give you a lot more versatility, and allow you to do a lot of work on the GPU that would otherwise have to be done on the CPU.
And that, I think, should be a huge deal for tablets--more so than for desktops, even. Taking GPU-friendly work and insisting that it has to be done on the CPU instead is not a recipe for good energy efficiency. In a desktop, you may have enough brute force CPU power to make things work even without geometry shaders, albeit inefficiently, but tablets and phones tend not to have a ton of brute force CPU power available. Reply
Ryan Smith - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkAny claims that T4 supports D3D11 or OpenGL 4 would be incorrect. As you correctly note, it has no way to support those missing pipeline stages. Reply
Formul - Monday, January 14, 2013 - linknVidia has a history of seriously overhyping performance of their products. They did it with Tegra 2 and they did it with Tegra 3 so lets wait for some independent testing before believing them this time. Reply
JomaKern - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkBut they've gone public with a statement that Tegra 4 will beat A6X in GLBenchmark, they will look very douchey if they fail.
Of course there is the remote possibility that they will benchmark a 1080p device against the iPad 4 in Egypt HD and claim victory, even though they lose at Egypt 1080p offscreen. Reply
CeriseCogburn - Sunday, January 20, 2013 - linkLOL - anti-nVidia fanboys are the ones who constantly entertain their own distorted world view hype...
A5X vs. Tegra 3 in the Real World
" In situations where a game is available in both the iOS app store as well as NVIDIA's Tegra Zone, NVIDIA generally delivers a comparable gaming experience to what you get on the iPad. In some cases you even get improved visual quality as well. The iPad's GPU performance advantage just isn't evident in those cases—likely because the bulk of iOS devices out there still use far weaker GPUs. That's effectively a software answer to a hardware challenge, but it's true.
NVIDIA isn't completely vindicated however. " by ANANDTECH
You umm... nVidia haterz were saying what ? Oh that's right, you got it 100% incorrect but why not continue repeating lies in the hopes that many peer group fools will believe it too.... Reply
Wolfpup - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkOn the CPU side it's 4 A15s, all of which are more powerful than Swift, only there's 2x as many of them, and they're clocked faster...that's a no brainer there.
On the GPU side, if Nvidia is saying the segmented architecture makes sense, I believe them. They've got well over half a decade's experience making high end unified designs...they could do so easier than anyone else could, so that they're not means they're almost certainly right about that.
And to the "I'll wait for benchmarks" people, well sure, but just look at the physical size of this versus Tegra 3.
Like...well, every version of Tegra prior to launch, I'm fairly excited about this (save for the issue that I don't know whether I'll ever own anything that runs on this!) Reply
prashanth041 - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linksomethimg nice to see Reply
shodanshok - Tuesday, January 15, 2013 - linkIt seems quite similar to a 12 pipeline NV40 ;)
Anyway it will be interesting to see the first benchmarks... Reply
Commodus - Wednesday, January 16, 2013 - linkYou need a shipping product.
Show me where I can buy a Tegra 4-based device today. Oh, right... they don't exist. The current iPad, meanwhile, has been on the market since October. By the time there's a Tegra 4 tablet, we may be hearing murmurs of an iPad with an A7X inside, and NVIDIA will at best have had a few months' lead before it's eclipsed again. If, of course, it leads at all.
There's no doubt that the Tegra 4 is a big step forward for NVIDIA, but part of why Apple dominates tablets is because it knows how to walk the walk: the interval between announcement and shipping is usually 10 days, and it knows this because it's building the finished hardware. It doesn't have to throw a processor into the wilderness and pray someone decides to use it. Reply
Krysto - Wednesday, January 16, 2013 - linkI wonder if GLBenchmark 3.0 with support for OpenGL ES 3.0 will arrive soon. But either way you should at least try to get the 3Dmark11 benchmark, which should come out soon (no OpenGL ES 3.0 support, unfortunately, though), Anand, and test the new GPU's on these new benchmarks. Reply
MikeHonet - Sunday, January 20, 2013 - linkOh, that's right I can't yet. I love how someone posts specs on a component and compares it to a shipping product that has been out for months. Too little too late AGAIN NVidia. By the time this is in shipping product Apple will have it's next gen product out already. Reply