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AT News Update: AMD Sidelines DDR2 for 2004by Kristopher Kubicki on 3/25/2004 4:04 AM EST
- Posted in
- Memory
14 Comments
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KristopherKubicki - Monday, March 29, 2004 - linkI dont think we will ever see DDR1-800. DDR1-667 seems to be about the end of the line if it makes it that far.
Kristopher Reply
Jeff7181 - Friday, March 26, 2004 - linkerrr... too bad ya can't edit these posts =) Reply
Jeff7181 - Friday, March 26, 2004 - linkI like their choice... the BGA chips seem to provide enough headroom from the speed standpoint, and are obviously cheaper than DDRII. If more manufacturers start using BGA, I wouldn't be surprised to see DDR800 by the time AMD DDRII is affordable. Reply
jensend - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkHm. I thought that GDDR3 was just a variation on the DDR3 standard, just as GDDR2 was a variation on DDR2- so I didn't see a need to specify (thinking the main benefits of the standards would carry across both variations). Looking into things, I see that you're right- GDDR3 is still based on DDR2 and its improvements aren't as well suited for main module use. Humbug. Reply
KristopherKubicki - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - link#9:
I think you are confusing DDR3 with GDDR3. GDDR3 (which is available now) is pretty much identical to DDR2 but with better power and heat capabilities. Actual DDR3 for motherboards does not have any working prototypes.
jensend - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkI have no idea why Kubicki writes that AMD will move to DDR2 for BGA after Anandtech just reviewed BGA DDR1 modules from Kingmax (http://anandtech.com/memory/showdoc.html?i=1990). AMD is right- DDR2 brings few enough benefits that one shouldn't break compatibility for it. DDR3 appears to be looking good, though (reviews of the NV 5700U with DDR3 have just come in and the difference in power draw and heat vs the ddr2 version is pretty huge; DDR3 should scale up a lot better than ddr2). Reply
PrinceGaz - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkHigh capacity modules aren't pointless for some people, but the rest of us will be better off with lower latency DDR memory rather than DDR2. At least while its both cheaper as well as faster we will be. Reply
Cygni - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkFinally, someone realizes that DDR2 is completly pointless right now, and will be for a long time. Now if everyone can do the same with PCI-Ex and BTX... Reply
KristopherKubicki - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - link#1: 2GB Samsung will be making 2GB and eventually 4GB DDR2 DIMMs within one year.
Kristopher Reply
KristopherKubicki - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkthe tourney has my brainwashed. :( i lashed myself with 100 wet noodles, then changed the title.
Kristopher Reply
Runamile - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkSame here #2- looking for benchmarks, found what looks like a summary of a news release. Reply
Icewind - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkMakes sense unlike Intel's grand scheme for DDR2. Awesome that i'll be able to recycle my 3700XMS this summer, save some money for a nice new R420 when it comes out Reply
Netopia - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - linkYou should rename the article based on the use of the word "Benches" in our community. I went in looking for benchmarks of what to expect from DDR2 on new AMD platforms!
Perhaps you should quickly retitle it
[b]AMD Sidelines DDR for 2004[/b]
Joe Reply
Pumpkinierre - Thursday, March 25, 2004 - link"After all, you can't build 4GB DIMMs on DDR1 TSOP like you can with DDR2 BGA. Hynix and Micron are already capable of 1GB DDR2 DIMMs."
You can have DDR1 BGAs- Kingston make them. There are also 1GB DDR1 DIMMs from corsair and OCZ.
The story about the latency is that it is supposedly nullified by the 4byte (cf 2 in DDR1) prefetch. But that gain may not help with apps where the associated bytes to the target byte may be irrelevant. So I await the tests on the real stuff. At double the cost if it is equivalent performance, it will be struggling. So I think AMD's move is wise and everything seems in place for a resurgence in sales over H2'03/H1'04.


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♦ The FT's James Politi visits a military base struggling to cope with the effects of sequestration.
♦ One of the FT's new readers had some questions about her first edition of the pink paper, including: "Why is George Osborne taking legal action against the EU cap on bankers' bonuses when it says here that these chaps at ICAP were demanding bonuses in return for manipulating the Libor market?"
♦ Hassan Rouhani has raised hope among his countrymen of a solution to the crisis over Iran's nuclear programme.
♦ The ebb in support for Argentina's president Cristina Fernández has been matched by the rise of Sergio Massa, one of the strongest potential candidates for the 2015 elections.
♦ News reports of the US-intercepting messages between the heads of Al-Qaeda and AQIM, discussing an imminent terrorist attack, have caused more immediate damage to counterterrorism efforts than Edward Snowden's leaks.
♦ The New York Times profiles Rosario Crocetta, the gay, Catholic leftist taking on corruption in Sicily.
♦ In Damascus, a war-weariness has settled over the city: "there is a sense that the war will continue, perhaps for years, making the country's rifts progressively harder to heal."
♦ When Romanian prosecutors announced that Alexandru Visinescu would be put on trial over his role in Communist-era abuses, it raised hopes that Romania may be able to shake off its national amnesia about its brutal past. Read more
© The Financial Times Ltd 2016 FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sweet smelling birds' nests keep chicks healthy, according to a report in Nature Science Update 22 July 2002. French ecologists studied blue tits on the island of Corsica and found they gather aromatic plants such as lavender, mint, yarrow and other scented herbs for their nests and regularly replenish them as they lose their fragrance. Chemicals in these herbs are known to keep bacteria, fungi, insects and parasites at bay and it seems the birds use them to protect their eggs and chicks. "They are real botanists and do a great job exploiting their environment to protect their chicks", said Marcel Lambrechts of the Centre for Functional Ecology and Evolution, Monpalier, France.
Editorial Comment: Recent research indicates that birds are not as stupid as once was thought. They are keen observers of their environment, and they make use of it for their own benefit and pass on such knowledge to their offspring. This is also a lovely example of how God made plants both beautiful and functional. The herbs, and the way the birds use them, are both examples of a good design. (Ref. birds, herbs, design)


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The State of OpenCL & the First End-User OpenCL Driversby Ryan Smith on 10/6/2009 12:00 AM EST
- Posted in
- Ryan's Ramblings
67 Comments
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Scali - Thursday, October 08, 2009 - linkAMD actually DOES use stdcall, they just seem not to have used a .def file when they created the library, or something to that extent, which meant they exported the whole mangled function names, not just the clean names themselves, which is common practice with Microsoft and OpenGL.
However, nVidia does NOT use stdcall. This wasn't immediately apparent, since their exported symbols looked nice and clean. However, upon inspecting the actual code inside the DLL, the telltale retn NN callee stack cleanup was missing. So it's not stdcall, it's cdecl.
Who is right in this case? I don't know yet. OpenGL uses stdcall, so that would mean nVidia is wrong here aswell. On the other hand, OpenAL DOES seem to use cdecl, so it's not like there's much of a consistency. AMD says that stdcall was decided by Khronos. In that case, nVidia is wrong, and Khronos is wrong aswell, for not catching this problem during OpenCL 1.0-conformance testing (just like Khronos didn't catch the mangled naming in AMD's CPU drivers, they both passed their tests).
At any rate, I think they all need to go back to the drawing board. Reply
Scali - Sunday, October 18, 2009 - linkAMD's beta4 SDK has fixed the decorated naming problem. They now have clean naming and stdcall functions, analogous to OpenGL. So I think the AMD SDK in its current form is 'correct'.
nVidia has conceded that they didn't use stdcall, however, they said it wasn't really a mistake because Khronos made the decision to use stdcall at a later time.
They have said that their next release will use stdcall. Sadly they didn't comment on the exported symbol naming problem. So at this point I cannot be sure that their next release will be fully 'correct' and fully compatible with AMD's SDK on a binary level. I think nVidia will do the right thing though.
There was no actual reply from Khronos itself on the matter though. So it looks like this problem was mainly solved between AMD, nVidia and some developers who were using OpenCL and who pointed them into the right direction. Reply
Scali - Monday, November 09, 2009 - linknVidia's Cuda 3.0 beta release also fixes the calling convention/function naming problems. AMD's beta4 SDK and nVidia's Cuda 3.0 beta are now binary compatible.
I've also found that the new nVidia OpenCL release solves quite a few performance issues. OpenCL now runs very well.
On the AMD side, AMD still goofed up in beta4. I tried running the CPU implementation, and it complained about missing atical*.dll files. If you don't have an ATi card in your system, you can't install the Catalyst driver that contains those files. So you have to manually extract the files and place them in the same directory as OpenCL.dll.
But after I had done that, I could run some nVidia samples on the AMD CPU driver, and I could run some AMD samples on the nVidia driver. So the binary compatibility is a fact, and developers can now test their code on two implementations. Reply
jebo - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - link"Finally to wrap this up, we have the catalyst of this story: drivers."
I see what you did there Reply
Per Hansson - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkThe WinXP x64 nVidia 189.91 drivers with OpenCL support did not make an entry for the uninstaller in add/remove programs
It was a bit of a bummer because I installed it in hope of being able to run the tech demo "NVIDIA's ocean demo" or "DirextX compute ocean" with them (Which Anand used in the 5870 review)
However there drivers did not seem to support it... Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkOpenCL and DirectCompute are completely independent APIs.
The Ocean demo is DirectCompute, which is part of DirectX 11, and has nothing to do with OpenCL. As such, it's not going to work on XP anyway. You need Vista or Windows 7. Reply
Per Hansson - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkErr, meant 190.89 Reply
Zingam - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkOpenCL is my bitch Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI looked through some of the OpenCL stuff I compiled with the nVidia SDK, and it just links against a generic OpenCL.dll.
Theoretically it should just work fine with any OpenCL.dll, as long as it exports the same functions (which it should, if it's OpenCL 1.0-conformant).
So I don't think there's a binary dependency on a manufacturer there. The only 'problem' is that the binary will just link against whichever OpenCL.dll it finds first. So if you have multiple OpenCL devices installed, you'd probably have to drop your preferred OpenCL.dll into the same directory as the application, to ensure it runs on the proper device, as without an ICD, each DLL will only enumerate the devices from its manufacturer. Reply
Ryan Smith - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkYes, I am sure about the binary dependencies. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkCare to elaborate then? As I say, if I just place a different OpenCL.dll into the directory, the same application can run on another vendor's hardware.
Hence no binary dependency. You don't need to recompile the application.
So what are you talking about, if you are so sure? Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkAh, I see the problem.
For some reason AMD used cdecl exported names, they now all have leading underscores. nVidia uses stdcall, which is the default in Windows, and also used in OpenGL32.dll under Windows.
I think AMD made a snafu there in their SDK. Reply
tweakoz - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkIIIIIII CCCCCCC DDDD !
;> Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkAs I already said, an ICD isn't going to help AMD here. Either way, they have to recompile their code to use stdcall.
Besides, for most people an ICD isn't that important. As long as they have an OpenCL for their videocard, which would work, it'd be fine. And that OpenCL dll would just be automatically installed with the videocard drivers.
Only people who would specifically want to run OpenCL on their CPU, or who have more than one brand of videocard in their machine, would benefit from an ICD. That's not the issue here. The issue here is that there's no way you can get nVidia's and AMD's libraries to play nice. One of them needs to recompile, and I think it's going to be AMD, since you will want OpenCL to be consistent with OpenAL and OpenGL in calling convention. Reply
tweakoz - Saturday, January 09, 2010 - link>>Only people who would specifically want to run OpenCL on their CPU, or who have more than one brand of videocard in their machine, would benefit from an ICD. That's not the issue here.
Um, that would be me. Both the CPU and multiple cards.
mtm Reply
tweakoz - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkdoh....
;> Reply
mfago - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - linkAnyone have any experience with development tools for CUDA/OpenCL? The (Anandtech) Fermi article mentions Visual Studio integration is coming -- how about something similar on Linux? Any experience with the current NVidia OpenCL profiler, or know of something (perhaps $$$) that is even better?
- Matt Reply
bobvodka - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - linkI would suspect that, iff everything goes well, we can expect OpenCL support in the next driver drop from AMD which is more than likely going to be earlyish this month (I would suspect at the latest just before the Win7 launch date). Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI doubt that, really.
I don't think Khronos will even have it tested by that time, they took more than a month on nVidia's drivers aswell. Which means that they'd be through the tests in late October (they were sent to Kronos on the 21st of September).
Also, nVidia kept the drivers in beta another 3 months, before making it a first public release, and they haven't put them in the official driver release yet (as the article says, 190.89 supports it, but the recently released 191.07 doesn't yet).
I would think that AMD will also keep the drivers in beta for a while, even if they do pass OpenCL-conformance testing. After all, that only proves that the OpenCL portion works, it doesn't prove that the drivers as a whole work. They'd still need to be tested for regular functionality and pass WHQL. They'd also have to be merged back into the main release tree, as they'll be a few months behind regular releases by this time (just like nVidia released a new driver a few days ago still without OpenCL).
So no, I don't expect OpenCL drivers this month, probably not even next month. Reply
drmo - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - linkSorry, they were released today: Oct 13.
Granted, it is beta, but let us not try to make predictions when we don't really know what we are talking about. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - linkMy prediction still stands, I don't think the OpenCL driver will be in this months Catalyst release, or in next month's. Reply
drmo - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - linkI don't see why they would release them in the Catalyst drivers until there are actual applications to use OpenCL. It wasn't clear to me that you were referring to an official Catalyst release.
I think Nvidia is at pretty much the same point (but having released them earlier (about 2 weeks)) with beta drivers released. Has Nvidia put them in their official public release? I don't even know why they would do so, with no programs to use it; it would just make the download larger. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - link"Also, nVidia kept the drivers in beta another 3 months, before making it a first public release, and they haven't put them in the official driver release yet (as the article says, 190.89 supports it, but the recently released 191.07 doesn't yet).
I would think that AMD will also keep the drivers in beta for a while, even if they do pass OpenCL-conformance testing."
I think it was pretty clear...
And nVidia's drivers aren't beta anymore. They're a public release, just not the main release. The 190.89 drivers were beta for a number of weeks, available to registered developers, before they made them public.
It seems the same goes for AMD now. They're in the SDK beta 4, but you can only download them after you're registered as a developer.
And it's a chicken-and-egg problem. As a developer I find it very important that they release public drivers ASAP, because I want to know what drivers my software is expected to run on. Drivers first, applications later. It doesn't work the other way around.
I can't release applications if users need to register as developers with their IHV, and then download a beta SDK just to run my application. I also cannot guarantee that my application will run with future updates to the beta SDK/drivers.
Besides, don't forget that running beta drivers will also impact performance, stability and compatibility with other software. I cannot recommend end-users to run beta drivers rather than the official supported drivers.
So plenty of reasons to put them in the official release, no reasons not to (unless you want to sabotage the adoption of OpenCL). Reply
drmo - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - linkAccording to people who have downloaded them, they are labeled as Catalyst 9.11 RC, which suggests they could be released in November. Thank you for clarifying; I'm not a developer, so I didn't really consider the implications for developers. Looking on Nvidias website, I didn't see the download for the 190.89 drivers, so I thought those were a beta as well. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, November 18, 2009 - linkWell, the 9.11 drivers are released, but I haven't seen any mention of OpenCL in the release notes. Reply
bobvodka - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkHmmm, you raise good points there.
My 'this month' thing mostly depended on them submitting the OpenCL stuff for certaificantion early last month. Reply
Scali - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - linkYou don't need CPU-drivers for OpenCL. All you need is nVidia's GPU-accelerated OpenCL drivers, and you're up and running.
So the current status is like this:
- People with an nVidia card will be able to run OpenCL by installing the proper drivers (version 190.89 currently).
- People with anything other than an nVidia card can currently only run a CPU-based OpenCL implementation. AMD currently supplies a CPU implementation in their Stream beta SDK, which works on both AMD and Intel CPUs, although obviously it was aimed at AMD CPUs. Intel currently hasn't released anything, not even in beta.
There's also some OpenCL support in the works with the opensource Mesa/Gallium3D project. Reply
JarredWalton - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - link"For NVIDIA GPU users with Intel CPUs, they'll be waiting on Intel for a CPU driver. Do note however that a CPU driver isn't required to use OpenCL on a GPU, and indeed we expect the first significant OpenCL applications to be intended to run solely on GPUs anyhow. So it's not a bad situation for NVIDIA, it's just one that needs to be solved sooner than later."
OpenCL has both CPU and GPU implementations, so if you want a fully utilized system with OpenCL you need to have CPU and GPU drivers. At least, that's how I understand it, and of course near-term the GPU driver is going to prove more important than the CPU driver. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI just think it's a very confusing thing to write. It shouldn't even have been mentioned in the first place.
Firstly, obviously nVidia doesn't need to provide a CPU driver, since that's the job of the CPU manufacturer. Just like nVidia doesn't need to provide a GPU driver for AMD hardware either.
Secondly, there's absolutely no need to have a "fully utilized system" with both CPU and GPU drivers. As you say yourself, the CPU driver isn't going to be important.
Thirdly, AMD never said anything about nVidia not having a CPU driver. The point with AMD (which is REALLY lame) is that they keep pretending that nVidia doesn't support OpenCL at all, and that nVidia is only pushing its proprietary C for Cuda and PhysX standards, so AMD is trying to look like the 'good guy', while in reality nVidia is the one offering OpenCL support (not to mention that AMD also tried a proprietary standard first, but only nVidia actually managed to get some software support with their proprietary technology). In fact, AMD even claimed that they were the first to support DirectCompute with the launch of the HD5870 (if they added CS5.0 to the statement they would be right, but they didn't). This is also not true, since nVidia has supported DirectCompute since the first 190-release drivers in July, months before the HD5870 was launched. Reply
drmo - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - link"In fact, AMD even claimed that they were the first to support DirectCompute with the launch of the HD5870 (if they added CS5.0 to the statement they would be right, but they didn't). "
Most of the releases and news reports I read specifically said the first WHQL certified DirectX 11 and DirectCompute 11 driver, not that they were the first with DirectCompute.
http://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/amd-pre...">http://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/amd-pre... Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI'm talking about statements like here:
"•AMD's upcoming next generation ATI Radeon family of DirectX 11 enabled graphics processors are expected to be the first to support accelerated processing on the GPU through DirectCompute."
This statement was made in late September, while nVidia already released WHQL drivers with DirectCompute in July:
"Supports Microsoft's new DirectX Compute API on Windows 7." Reply
drmo - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - linkI read that to mean that they are the first with DirectX 11 GPUs that support DirectCompute. It seems that later press releases have made it more clear that they meant DirectCompute 11.
Scali - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - linkI don't see how you can read it to mean that. You *know* that's what it's supposed to mean if you are up to speed with the subject... but if you don't, there's no way you could read it like that, because a key piece of information was simply omitted from that statement. Reply
drmo - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - linkNot really, after "first", you are assuming it should have GPU, whereas the subject was "DirectX 11 enabled graphics processors". However, I agree it is not absolutely clear, but I don't think it was purposeful, since the subsequent press releases clarified the statement. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 14, 2009 - link"AMD's upcoming next generation ATI Radeon family of DirectX 11 enabled graphics processors are expected to be the first to support accelerated processing on the GPU through DirectCompute."
"The first" refers back to "AMD's upcoming next generation ATI Radeon family of DirectX 11 enabled graphics processors".
That part is very clear.
The problem is with this: "accelerated processing on the GPU through DirectCompute."
Your suggestion doesn't make sense...
You would get:
"AMD's upcoming next generation ATI Radeon family of DirectX 11 enabled graphics processors are expected to be the first family of DirectX 11 enabled graphics processors to support accelerated processing on the GPU through DirectCompute."
(Note that 'first' now takes on a slightly different meaning, the function of the word in the sentence changes).
What you have now is a kind of pleonasm. Since AMD's GPUs are the first DX11 GPUs, they are obviously the first DX11 GPUs to support whatever feature.
I'm sure that's not what they meant to say. It's just too far-fetched. Reply
Ryan Smith - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkJarred already said most of what I want to say, but I will add something.
It may be a confusing thing to write, but I consider it a critical point none the less. From what we're seeing out of the Apple developer camp, OpenCL is going to be big on the CPU. It won't be as big as it is on the GPU (no one is going to write something in OpenCL that they only intend to run on x86 processors), but big none the less.
In the mean time we have this crazy situation where you need drivers from multiple sources in many cases to get a complete driver stack. And even with drivers, it's all a mess without the ICD.
My fundamental point right now is that in spite of having a complete spec and certification, the OpenCL situation is very, very screwed up on Windows and Linux. When most of my time talking to contacts is composed of them trying to answer "who is responsible for what", there's a problem.
For OpenCL to succeed there needs to be full GPU and CPU drivers for all platforms, and an ICD to tie them together. We're not there yet. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkWhy is that a crazy situation?
The same goes with OpenGL or Direct3D. You can have multiple devices, even from multiple vendors, and just enumerate through all of them.
You will ALWAYS have to have drivers from multiple sources, the ICD won't solve that. Even though AMD and Intel might package both their CPU and GPU drivers into a single downloadable package, they will STILL be two independent implementations, and two independent drivers. So from a technical point-of-view, it doesn't really matter whether CPU and GPU drivers come from the same manufacturer or not.
I suppose the best solution would be for Microsoft to offer CPU drivers through Windows Update. They already deliver GPU drivers through Windows Update, so eventually those will be updated to drivers with OpenCL support. If they also solve the CPU-part of the equation, the end-user doesn't even have to know about OpenCL.
Thing is that you make it sound like it's somehow nVidia's fault or responsibility to supply CPU drivers, and that's very confusing (and AMD has never said anything of the sort either). Reply
tweakoz - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - link>>You will ALWAYS have to have drivers from multiple sources, the >>ICD won't solve that.
Yeah, but right now I have to link my OpenCL/Windows program with either the ATI Stream SDK, OR the NVIDIA OpenCL SDK. I can not do both (unless I do a plugin OpenCL driver layer for my program, thats a PITA I don't want to deal with).
The ICD, with enumeration of installed drivers built in is CRITICAL for developers ease of use.
mtm Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkTechnically you don't.
As long as you link to 'a' OpenCL.dll, it should be fine.
The problem here is that AMD uses a nonstandard calling convention in their OpenCL.dll. That's why linking to their stuff doesn't work for nVidia and vice versa.
nVidia uses the same standard as Microsoft uses, and also OpenGL and OpenAL use, so I think AMD is the one who made a mistake here.
If AMD had used the same standard calling convention, we wouldn't have this problem. Then all functions could just be automatically imported by name.
Besides, the ICD won't solve this problem. The calling convention that AMD uses also has caller stack cleanup, rather than callee stack cleanup. You'd get stack corruption. They just need to fix and recompile their code. Reply
tweakoz - Wednesday, October 21, 2009 - linkWhat if you are trying to use multiple devices (from different vendors) simulultaneously?
mtm Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 21, 2009 - linkThat's the only time when you'll need to have an ICD.
However, in most cases just a single device will be fine. Developers or end-users wanting to use OpenCL on a single GPU (or a set of GPUs from the same vendor) is by far the most common scenario. Reply
Zool - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkFirst nvidias drivers are for gt200 and lower and just gpu-s so its no reason for nvidia not to hawe drivers first.
Second amd-s new gpu had come out this month so its obvious that they waited with the drivers so they hawe everything in one.
Also they hawe cpu+gpu support and i think they prepared it with CPU and GPU merge in mind later on. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkAMD still doesn't have GPU drivers for OpenCL at all.
And they currently only support DirectCompute on the HD5800-series. The 4000-series should also support DirectCompute CS4.1, but no drivers in sight.
There's no reason for AMD to delay 4000-series support for newer hardware. And there's even less reason for AMD not to support them even after releasing newer GPUs.
Apparently nVidia supports their existing customers much better. They too have a new GPU upcoming, but that didn't stop them from supporting all their existing customers, all the way back to the 3-year old 8800-series. AMD 'only' has to support the 4000-series, as the other hardware isn't capable anyway, but still, nothing. Reply
Zool - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkTesting and certificating drivers takes quite a time. I dont see to much reason to make them first for 4k series than cpu-s and than also for the whole 5K series (which is actualy quite more cards than 5870 and 5850).
It would make much more sense to make it at once. Which nvidia also did but with the 1 year old GPU as their latest. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkYes, testing and certifying drivers takes time. That's no excuse though, is it? nVidia has to go through the same process, and nVidia actually supports 3 major series of GPUs (G80, G92 and GT200) in their drivers, AMD only has to do two (RV770 and RV870).
Besides, especially in the case of OpenCL, that has NOTHING to do with new GPUs. The OpenCL project started a long time ago, and AMD promised us drivers in the first half of 2009.
And even now that their new GPU is on the market, there STILL aren't any OpenCL drivers. AMD just failed to deliver on their promises.
And if I owned an HD4870, what do I care about the new GPU? Why should I wait? I just want the OpenCL support that AMD promised me. Especially when AMD shouts their mouth off about OpenCL and GPU-accelerated physics in the press. nVidia owners don't even NEED to wait for OpenCL, because they can already get accelerated physics and such through Cuda. Yet they get OpenCL before AMD owners do aswell. AMD should stop marketing vapourware and start supporting their customers. Reply
tamalero - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI'm the only one that seen the news about Fermi board mockup that wasnt even a real Fermi board in the first place?
talk about vaporware o_O Reply
Amiga500 - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI think its a fair guess to say you are affiliated with Nvidia.
It'll come in time. I for one, would rather wait a bit for drivers that encompass both the CPU and GPU. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkNope, completely wrong guess. Reply
Titanius - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkIf I had to take a guess at it, you are SiliconDoc the annoying commentor from the Fermi article with a different name and using less caps locks...did you finally calm down?
Oh and BTW, WE DON'T CARE who came out first with the drivers, they will eventually both have it.
My understanding of AMD's lateness to the "party" is because they were busy launching the HD5xxx series cards and didn't have the same "free" time on their hands as NVIDIA has with their phantom GT300/Fermi release (I'm saying phantom because it has been talked about but there is no final product in testing (I don't refer to the first silicons of a new product as final).
NVIDIA came first for OpenCL, but AMD came first for DirectX 11, GET OVER IT! Reply
dragonsqrrl - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkScali sounds like someone who is interested in GPGPU computing, more specifically wide opencl support across a mature platform, which opens up the GPU for applications other then gaming, definitely not like the scathing often misinformed comments of SiliconDoc. And you're making the argument that it doesn't matter who's first to support knew technologies, after you criticize Nvidia's "phantom GT300/Fermi" announcement for being late, and at the same time sympathizing with AMD's first to dx11 HD5870 launch? You're comment ended up sounding a lot more like SiliconDoc then then anything Scali wrote. Reply
Titanius - Thursday, October 08, 2009 - linkYou are a bit naive and you obviously cannot read between the lines. I didn't praise anyone, hell if I use your argument that I praised someone, that would mean I praised AMD for their first to market DX11 cards and NVIDIA for their first to market OpenCL drivers, I did neither. I simply mentioned facts and how irrelevant this argument about AMD being late to the game is compared to NVIDIA also being late in another regard. If you don't understand that, well you're a lost cause.
As for mentioning the "phantom Fermi" comment, I am sorry you can't comprehend sarcasm. I'll stop making too much sense in the future.
But the point of my comment stands, GET OVER IT!
BTW, regarding Scali and SiliconDoc, they are both using the same type of argument and don't seem to stop arguing when everyone is trying to smarten them up, that is where I saw the similarity. As for me, I know when to stop...unlike some people. Reply
Maian - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI doubt it. Scali sounds like a developer anxious to develop OpenCL apps for whatever purpose and possibly doesn't care about DX11 at all (e.g. not developing a game/gfx acceleration or targeting non-Windows platform). If I were in his shoes, I too would annoyed at AMD, since they're "blocking" access to a substantial marketshare of GPUs with their late drivers. As a developer myself, I don't give a shit about which vendor is better - I care about what features I can play with and how much hardware in the market will support those features. Reply
Scali - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - linkBy the way, the missing feature in pre-4000 series GPUs from AMD is shared memory.
Pre-4000 series GPUs also won't be able to use DirectCompute, even with CS4.x downlevel. Again nVidia's 8-series and higher will all support DirectCompute CS4.0. Reply
bobvodka - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - linkUnfortunately, it's the SM5.0 profile which has the more useful things in it, such as the Interlock functions which (as I understand it) don't work on SM4.0 hardware when it comes to DirectCompute.
From a gaming devs point of view these are pretty vital for various processes (such as single pass luminance or single pass deferred lighting), which imo reduces the usefulness of DirectCompute on anything pre-SM5.0, certainl in the games sphere. Reply
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkI don't think so, to be honest. Why would you need interlocking for deferred lighting?
It is unfortunate though that there is no interlocking support in CS4.0, since only the original G80 series doesn't support it. G92 and later do have interlocking and various other additions which aren't exposed through OpenCL or DirectCompute.
You actually see complaints about DirectCompute in the nVidia GPU Computing SDK, such as:
// Notice: In CS5.0, we can output up to 8 RWBuffers but in CS4.x only one output buffer is allowed,
// that way we have to allocate one big buffer and manage the offsets manually. The restriction is
// not caused by NVIDIA GPUs and does not present on NVIDIA GPUs when using other computing APIs like
// CUDA and OpenCL. Reply
bobvodka - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkFor single pass Interlock functions are used to work out the depth of a "tile" for processing and accumalate which lights are effecting that "tile" before performing the lighting resolve.
Granted, the process could be carried out without such things, it would probably require more passes however and generally be less efficient.
Scali - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkDepth of a tile? Are you now confusing tile-based rendering with deferred rendering, not to mention confusing compute shaders with conventional rendering techniques?
And even then, I still don't see why interlock functions would be required. Reply
bobvodka - Thursday, October 08, 2009 - linkNo, I'm not confusing anything, it was an idea put forward by Johan Andersson of DICE at the Siggrap 09 conference.
You do the standard deferred rendering step for creating a g-buffer
Then you dispatch compute shaders in blocks of 16 pixels aka a 'tile'
Each thread then retrieves the z depth for its pixel from a g-buffer; interlockMin and interlockMax at then used to obtain the min/max z for that block of pixels
The compute shader then goes on to calculate which lights intersect this 'tile' given the extents and min/max data (processing 16 lights at once)
The light count is increased using an interlockAdd for each intersecting light and the light index is stored in a buffer
Finally, the compute shader goes back to pixel processing, where each thread in the group sums the lighting for its pixel and writes out the final data.
No confusion at all and a good example of how a compute shader can be used to calculate and output graphics. Reply
Scali - Thursday, October 08, 2009 - linkIt's just one very specific example. It's a gross over-generalization to say that anything lower than CS5.0 is useless for graphics based on this single example.
In fact, your entire hypothesis is wrong. You go from "If CS5.0 can do it better, CS4.x is useless".
The correct hypothesis would ofcourse be "If CS4.x can do better than using only conventional geometry/vertex/pixelshaders, then CS4.x is useful". Reply
bobvodka - Thursday, October 08, 2009 - linkI never said CS4.x was 'useless' I just said that due to the lack of Interlock functionality its usefullness was reduced.
Will it have some uses? Of course, and I dare say it will allow some cool things to be done, however when compared to CS5.0 profiles with, in perticular, the Interlock stuff then some things become harder to do or indeed impossible in a single pass. (see previous example).
I agree that its unfortunate that the CS4.0 profile doesn't support Interlock, but I guess they had to draw the line somewhere. Reply
Scali - Thursday, October 08, 2009 - linkYea well, I just think you have an odd perspective.
Obviously CS5.0 is better, and obviously DICE wanted to promote the new DirectX 11 features.
Bottom line is however that we've not had CS at ALL yet, in DirectX, even though there's a huge installed base of DX10 cards capable of CS4.0 or CS4.1. There isn't a lot of DX11 hardware out there yet.
Therefore in the short term CS4.x is going to be the more interesting one, as it allows you to implement new functionality like realtime tessellation, physics etc, or to make more efficient implementations of existing technologies like post-processing/SSAO and all that. CS4.x is just a nice shot in the arm for all that DX10 hardware out there.
On another note, you also have to put CS5.0 into perspective. Interlock makes it easy to code certain things a certain way, but it's no guarantee that it will also be efficient. That depends largely on how the hardware implements interlocking. Think back to the conditional branching that was introduced in PS3.0 for example. In many cases it was actually faster to just use a multipass algorithm using alphatest, which only required PS2.0, simply because the branching itself wasn't implemented in a very efficient way, unlike alphatesting.
So while the DICE solution looks nice and efficient, it doesn't necessarily have to be all that much faster than a more bruteforce multipass algorithm. In fact, if I had to choose, I'd rather implement a CS4.0 algorithm that improves performance on all DX10 (and DX11) hardware, than to go for a CS5.0 algorithm that doesn't work on DX10 hardware, and may only be marginally faster than a CS4.0 algorithm on DX11 hardware (which is already the fastest hardware on the market anyway, so it's not the hardware that needs the performance increase most anyway).
If you want a nice case, look at PhysX. It even runs on the G80 architecture, which doesn't support interlocking. So there's great things you can do with compute shaders without interlocking. It would be very nice if developers would use CS4.0 for such physics effects. Reply
haplo602 - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - linkcurrently Nvidia is the only vendor with good linux support for opengl/opencl. AMD is behind in opengl and very much non-existent for opencl.
stmok - Tuesday, October 06, 2009 - linkThe entire Linux graphics stack is being overhauled.
The current one has issues to address, and its the very reason why there's nothing like DXVA on Linux. Nvidia worked around this deficiency by coding their own approach...VDPAU. But this only works with Nvidia GF8 or newer cards and closed drivers.
Closed drivers mean Nvidia must keep up with Kernel and Xorg versions. If they don't, you are at their whim and have to wait. If they choose to drop support for a specific era of hardware, you are SOL.
Right now, Linux is gradually moving to the new stack. This is going to take time and cause pain to some users. (As infrastructure changes often do)...But the benefit is that things like HD playback accelerated and OpenCL will be supported in the long run. Features won't be hardware brand specific like VDPAU is...So far, there's very raw code for OpenCL support in the new stack. (Someone has started something, but its not really usable...More like an initial thing to see if its feasible.)
As for AMD, the greatest thing they've done was release the documentation specs for open driver development. Right now; 2D and X-Video is done for all Radeons up to 4xxx series; with power saving (PowerPlay) and 3D features being worked on...They "kind of work", but are really buggy.
Overall, if you need 3D acceleration now, you have no choice but to use Nvidia cards and closed drivers.
In the long run (5 yrs+ away?), Radeon's may have the advantage of having open driver support. ie: Radeons will work out-of-the-box without too much fuss. One less step in setting up a Linux box. Reply
jackylman - Friday, October 09, 2009 - linkI'm using ATI's open-source 3D right now on a RadeonHD 4000 card. I don't find it buggy (runs compiz, googleearth, some games).
Depending on your level of 3D need, closed-source drivers are no longer the only choice. Reply
Deanjo - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkWow, talk about a epic failure of understanding what vdpau is.
vdpau, is NOT vender specific. It is a freely open standard that other graphic venders are free to implement as well in their drivers support either through native driver solution or through use of a wrapper. vdpau is a API. vdpau is not isolated to nvidia cards as well. The S3's chrome 5 series for example has native vdpau support.
In fact it is now part of freedesktop.
Saying vdpau is "vendor specific" is nothing but pure BS. You might as well say openCL is "vendor specific" as well by your definition of "vendor specific" since they are the only ones right now with openCL support in their drivers. Reply
stmok - Wednesday, October 07, 2009 - linkWell, if I'm wrong I apologize. But there's no need to act like a dick about it.
How hard is it to politely correct someone Deanjo? Apparently in your case, too hard.


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Philadelphia, PA (SportsNetwork.com) - A lot of the heavy lifting is done by the big guys up front, allowing those on the second line of defense to weed their way through the traffic and make plays.
Here is a list of the top linebackers in the FBS heading into the 2014 season:
RAMIK WILSON - The 6-foot-2, 232-pound Wilson became just the third Georgia Bulldog to lead the SEC in tackles, finishing with 133 stops in 2013, en route to a spot on the All-SEC first Team, along with third-team All-America honors. Wilson came out of nowhere to excel as a top playmaker in the Georgia defense, after collecting just 10 total tackles in 2011 and 2012 combined. Jeremy Pruitt comes to Georgia this year after serving as Florida State's defensive coordinator. How he uses Wilson remains to be seen, but he should continue to get the best out of a player who just seems to be scratching the surface of his talent.
BENARDRICK MCKINNEY - Staying in the SEC, next on the docket is the 6-5, 245- pound McKinney, who burst on the scene as a true freshman in 2012, finishing with 102 tackles and earning a spot on the All-SEC Freshman Team. His numbers weren't quite as prolific in 2013, although he did lead Mississippi State with 71 total tackles, adding seven tackles for loss, 3.5 sacks and two fumble recoveries to his stat line. With great size and above-average athleticism, McKinney may not stay at MSU past this season. Several draft experts have a first-round grade on him. Another productive season in the FBS may cement his status.
DENZEL PERRYMAN - Perryman has performed since he stepped on the Miami campus. After starting five games as a freshman, he upped that to six as a sophomore in 2012. Last season it all came together for the athletic thumper, who earned All-ACC first-team honors after posting a team-best 108 total tackles. Consistency was the key, as he posted six games with 10 or more stops. Perryman will move inside to the middle and has taken the necessary steps to hold his own by bulking up, going from around 210 pounds to a now-sturdy 242. A sideline-to-sideline playmaker, Perryman's numbers could skyrocket in 2014 and with it, his draft status.
A.J. JOHNSON - Oozing with raw talent, the 6-foot-2, 245-pound Johnson has produced since Day 1 at Tennessee. As a true freshman in 2011, he amassed 80 tackles to finish second on the team. He upped that to an SEC-best 138 stops in 2012, followed by another productive campaign in 2013, earning All-SEC first-team honors and several All-America accolades, as he finished with 106 tackles, including 8.5 tackles for loss. He is an aggressive playmaker with the size to make a real impact right out of the gate at the next level. His final season in Knoxville, Tennessee, could be his best.
MYLES JACK - Despite making heads turn as a freshman last year at UCLA, where he played on both sides of the ball and scored seven touchdowns on just 38 carries, the 6-1, 230-pound Jack will make most, if not all his plays on the defensive side of the football this season. He started 11 games at linebacker for the Bruins and amassed 75 total tackles with two interceptions, one returned for a touchdown. He was named both the Offensive and Defensive Freshman of the Year in the Pac-12, while finding his name on the Freshman All- America squad as well. A rare athlete, Jack's role defensively should expand in 2014 and with it his trophy case.
ERIC STRIKER - An All-Big 12 first-team selection in 2013, the 6-foot, 220- pound Striker left NFL brass drooling over his potential, as he abused the Alabama offensive line in the Sugar Bowl, finishing with seven tackles, three sacks and a forced fumble against the Crimson Tide. On the year, Striker posted 50 total tackles, with 10.5 tackles for loss and 6.5 sacks. The Sooners could find themselves back among the conference elite in 2014, with what looks to be a much improved defense. A blur off the edge, it will be interesting to see how Striker is used from down to down. The numbers could be astronomical when all is said and done.
SHAQ THOMPSON - Another gifted athlete in the Pac-12, Washington's Thompson (6-2, 230) is a two-time All-Pac-12 honorable mention selection. Last season, he amassed 80 total tackles with four tackles for loss, one sack and one interception that he returned 80 yards for a touchdown. A star two-way player in high school (running back and linebacker), Thompson would like nothing better than to follow UCLA's Jack as a two-way star. New head coach Chris Petersen hasn't ruled it out. While Thompson has cut his teeth in the FBS on the defensive side of the ball, seeing him on the field more wouldn't necessarily be a bad thing for the Huskies.
ERIC KENDRICKS - The aforementioned Jack is not the only star on the UCLA defense, as he will be paired with the 6-foot, 228-pound Kendricks. Heading into his junior season, Kendricks has already proven himself as a playmaker, leading the Pac-12 in tackles in 2012 (150), while returning two fumbles for touchdowns that year. The numbers tailed off slightly in 2013, but Kendricks still put up a team-best 106 stops and was an All-Pac 12 honorable mention selection as a result. With sideline-to-sideline range and great instincts, Kendricks is poised for another big season which should aid his draft stock.
KYLER FACKRELL - The only player on this list from a non-power conference, Fackrell (6-5, 245) definitely belongs, as he has put up big numbers in both the Western Athletic Conference and Mountain West. This Utah State Aggie was a All-WAC first-team selection in 2012, as well as a Freshman All-American, finishing with 87 total tackles, eight tackles for loss and three interceptions. He earned Sophomore All-America honors and was an All-MWC second-team member last year, posting 82 tackles, 13 tackles for loss and five sacks. With great length and the ability to both rush the passer and drop into coverage, Fackrell could be a hot commodity come the 2015 draft.
TREY DEPRIEST - The Alabama defense lost a real star with Butkus Award winner C.J. Mosley moving on to the NFL. From a leadership standpoint on defense, expect Nick Saban to lean on the veteran DePriest (6-2, 242). Last season, DePriest finished third on the team in tackles (65) with 7.5 tackles for loss, two sacks, two forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries and one interception. He continues to improve his numbers with each season and as the new face of the Alabama defense, he will get his opportunity to shine even brighter this year.
HONORABLE MENTION: Stephone Anthony (Clemson), Jake Ryan (Michigan), Terrance Smith (Florida State), Norkeithus Otis (North Carolina), Addison Gillam (Colorado) and Tyler Matakevich (Temple).


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Hello world! - Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start blogging!
3 years ago
"Pittsburgh's Black and Gold" is the resurrection of a magazine that was first published in the late 70s, and ended after only a five year run. Today, nearly 30 years later and in a totally new medium, it is once again being published by Angelo Spagnolo, a lifelong Pittsburgher and avid sports fan of all teams "Black and Gold". This site is a tribute to Pittsburgh, where the home teams all wear the same uniform colors. "It's a hard-drinkin' town with an all Pittsburgh sports problem!!!"
If you're a new reader of "Pittsburgh's Black and Gold" I'd love to hear your comments! You can either leave a comment on an individual article or email me directly if you have a story or link at: firstname.lastname@example.com. I hope you enjoy reading "Pittsburgh's Black and Gold" as much as I enjoy composing it!


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Plankton is known as the food source for whales. Did you know that these microscopic beings that live in the ocean contribute to the formation of the clouds that are thousands of meters above them?
Most plankton produces a chemical material called dimethyl sulphide. This material is combined with oxygen and becomes sulphate. Sulphates form the condensation nuclei for the water vapour on the surface of the oceans and thus form clouds. These nuclei do not cause rain as they are too big; nevertheless they prevent clouds from reflecting or absorbing the rays coming from the sun. This is called "albedo" (a measure of how strongly an object reflects light from light sources such as the sun). Dimethyl sulphide increases albedo. Thus, clouds reflect the rays coming from the sun, and accordingly the solar rays reaching the earth decrease. Plankton that many of us have never seen before in our lives, have a significant role within the very delicate ecological balance of the world. Due to these tiny creatures consuming sulphur in the oceans, solar rays do not reach the earth in excessive amounts, and therefore the temperature does not increase significantly. This prevents the earth's surface from being scorched, and facilitates a habitable environment.
The contribution to life on earth performed by this organism – whose role perhaps many of us are hearing about for the very first time, is only one example of all the magnificent creations of Our Lord.


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A MARLOW eight-year-old has set a new UK record for becoming the youngest Shotokan Karate black belt in the country.
Raife Foulkes was awarded his first Dan after just four years in karate.
Chief instructor as his club in Marlow Sensei Gursharan Sahota, said: "Raife has really good grading at his level and could even teach a class for adults.
"He has worked really hard for it and had learned a lot about self-discipline and self-respect – you would be amazed see him."
But the youngster had extra incentive to learn his art quickly – beating his older brother to the belt.
Rees Foulkes is now 12 but was made a black belt at the age of ten, while their 11-year-old sister Fabrianne is expecting to get hers in May.
It's quite a family of karate kids, but dad Adrian believes his children are getting far more out of the sport than the colour of their belts.
He said: "As a family we think karate gives our children discipline and teaches them above all about respect.
"You don't achieve anything unless you put a lot of effort in and at the end you get something back.
"I think it is an invigorating sport that teaches our children about respecting themselves and respecting others, so it's much more than about keeping them fit.
"I do believe the values karate teaches will help youngsters in life."
The family began training at the Traditional International Shotokan Karate Association and also go to karate clubs in Chalfont St Peter and Beaconsfield.


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
Comparative |
Cognitive |
Developmental |
Language |
Individual differences |
Personality |
Philosophy |
Social |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)
Electrical conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistance. It is a measure of how easily electricity flows along a certain path through an electrical element. The SI derived unit of conductance is the siemens (formerly referred to as the reciprocal ohm or mho). Oliver Heaviside coined the term in September 1885.
Electrical conductance should not be confused with conduction, which is the mechanism by which charge flows, or with conductivity, which is a property of a material.
Relation to other quantitiesEdit
As mentioned, conductance is related to resistance by:
for purely resistive circuits
- G is the electrical conductance,
- R is the electrical resistance,
- I is the electric current,
- V is the voltage.
(Note: this is not true where the impedance is complex)
Furthermore, conductance is related to susceptance and admittance by the equation:
- Y is the admittance,
- is the imaginary unit,
- B is the susceptance.
See alsoEdit
External links Edit
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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Prices displayed include VAT at the prevailing rate of 19% and may differ from country to country.
Here you will find drivers, manuals and other relevant downloads for our products. Please click on the corresponding product category on the left. A list of the associated products will then appear on the right.


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PC Power & Cooling Silencer Mk III 400Wby Martin Kaffei on 5/19/2012 2:05 PM EST
17 Comments
Back to Article
iamkyle - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkHow about the ability to compare this unit with the other ones that Anandtech has tested.
So we can see the differences among units, no? Reply
piroroadkill - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkIf you want more indepth reviews of PSUs, you should head to http://www.jonnyguru.com/ first. Reply
iamkyle - Sunday, May 20, 2012 - linkBut that's my point...every other review on Anandtech is very in-depth...except PSU reviews. It's the weakest link in the Anandtech review chain.
I just want things to be on par. Reply
ectoplasmosis - Monday, May 21, 2012 - linkAgreed.
This review is particularly bad... in scope as well as being very poorly written, with many superfluous and awkwardly-worded sentences.
"A small sticker is within the scope of delivery as well"; what is that supposed to mean? Reads like something an immature student attempting to feign verbosity would write.
This sentence simply doesn't make any sense whatsoever: "The build quality is very good as always, though it seems the converter type is a very common choice these days, especially since the crossload performance is mediocre". Bizarre use of the language.
And describing sound levels as "small fan noise" and "strong fan noise" with no quantitative measurements? Ridiculous, especially for an Anandtech review.
Ditch the reviewer and get someone in that knows what they're doing when it comes to testing and writing about PSUs. Reply
ETPrice - Wednesday, February 27, 2013 - linkThis whacky language is the kind of nonsense you can get from some machine translations from a foreign language. Someone may have taken foreign text and run it through a machine that is not up to speed with the complexities of the English language. You also get this kind of nonsense when a non-speaking-English author does a literal word-for-word translation from his or her own language. " It don't work!"
The review should have been sent back to the author;i.e., rejected. That's what editors are for. Reply
average_joe - Thursday, May 24, 2012 - linkOr http://www.hardocp.com/reviews/psu_power_supplies/ Reply
jabber - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkAre baffling. I removed the huge one in my Corsair 750W. I also replaced the leaf blower fan for a low start power 1700rpm one. Works a treat now. Reply
plonk420 - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkand this company once said that modular was baaaaad. still, i have 4 PCP&C here... :D Reply
Homeles - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkPCP&C doesn't even exist anymore... they've been bought by OCZ, so this is essentially an OCZ power supply with some PCP&C stickers on it. This particular unit was built by Seasonic though, which was PCP&C's original OEM. Reply
Operandi - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkOCZ owns them but they still exist, a buudy of mine had to get a RMA for a refurbished Silencer that turned out to be DOA. PCP&C support is the same as it allwyays was, no holding on line and a real American on the other end as sell as a RMA number with minimal hassel.
Product lines remain the same, this is just the continuation of the Silener line which was always OEMd by Seasonic. Reply
Samus - Monday, May 21, 2012 - linkI've mailed two of my PCP&C PSU's to Carlsbad, CA for custom recabling (connectors, lengths, sheathing) in the past few years, a service no other manufacture offers. I consider them to be quite alive and well, regardless of their OCZ inheritence. Reply
just4U - Friday, May 25, 2012 - linkI found that OCZ bringing PCP&C into their stable helped them a fair amount as they now had that companies expertise for the PSU's. Overall it didn't hurt PCP &C either as their quality didn't really go down..
Ofcourse that can be argued here but this is a budget psu. OCZ should make their high end stuff under this brand. That's what we've come to expect from PCP&C Reply
ImSpartacus - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - link"The Silener Mk III provides one"
http://www.anandtech.com/show/5844/pc-power-coolin... Reply
Zaathras - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkBought the Antec HCG-440M referenced in the article (as "same design") at Fry's, yesterday.
Advert says the sale price is good through 5/24; but I don't know if they still have any left. Reply
MrMilli - Sunday, May 20, 2012 - linkAn excellent (not Seasonic based) PSU that I use a lot is the Chieftec A-80 & A-85 serie. Great power distribution, high efficiency, very silent and most of all, pretty cheap. If you live in Europe, I can highly recommend these PSU's. Reply
Pappnaas - Sunday, May 20, 2012 - linkI feel that a "seriuos" review cannot afford to omit physical dimensions of the tested psu.
Because in that wattage size does matter, pointing at various itx and htpc cases. Reply
buzznut - Monday, May 21, 2012 - linkBut how many PSU's in this range offer a 5 year warranty? Actually, hardly anyone offers 5 years anymore. Not Corsair, not Antec. This company does, and it was mentioned briefly at the end of the article. But I would be willing to pay a bit more for another two years over what most power supplies offer. Believe me, I've had enough fail just after the 3 year mark to really pay attention to this. Reply


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Dr. Samuel A. MUDD, info from the Samuel Alexander Mudd I, M.D. (December 20, 1833 – January 10, 1883) info from the Internet & other sources.
1833-1883 — MD, Prince Georges Co., MD
Some info re: Dr. MUDD, from the on-line
Internet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Mudd Of course, most KNOW, Dr. MUDD, as the one or one of the one's who helped the LINCOLN, assassins in Prince Georges Co., MD. The rare "tin" photo of Dr. MUDD, was sent to me via Internet, with permission to use from a email@example.com No, I'm not related. Just someone interested in anything to do with the civil war era and historical events. Sure, you can gladly put them on your article. I like sharing my pictures. Thanks. Samuel Mudd From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Samuel Mudd
Dr. Samuel Mudd Born December 20, 1833(1833-12-20)
Charles County, Maryland, U.S. Died January 10, 1883 (aged 49)
Waldorf, Maryland, U.S. Occupation Medical Doctor Spouse(s) Sarah Frances Dyer Mudd Children Andrew Jerome Mudd
Lillian Augusta Mudd
Thomas Dyer Mudd
Samuel Alexander Mudd, II
Henry Mudd
Stella Marie Mudd
Edward Joseph Mudd
Rose De Lima Mudd
Mary Eleanor Mudd Parents Henry Lowe Mudd
Sarah Ann Reeves
Samuel Alexander Mudd I, M.D. (December 20, 1833 – January 10, 1883) was an American physician who was convicted and imprisoned for aiding and conspiring with John Wilkes Booth in the 1865 assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. He was pardoned by President Andrew Johnson and released from prison four years later.
Contents [hide]
- 1 Early years
- 2 Booth connection
- 3 Trial
- 4 Imprisonment
- 5 Career after release
- 6 Posthumous rehabilitation attempts
- 7 Film and television
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 External links
[edit] Early years
Born in Charles County, Maryland, Mudd was the fourth of ten children of Henry Lowe and Sarah Ann Reeves Mudd. He grew up on "Oak Hill", his father's tobacco plantation of several hundred acres which was located 30 miles (48 km) southeast of downtown Washington, D.C., and which was worked by 89 slaves.[1][2]


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HUNDREDS of swimmers are taking the plunge this Saturday (February 22) and Sunday to raise money for charity.
Teams of six, including a team from the County Gazette, will be swimming as many lengths of Taunton School's pool as they can at the 26th Soroptimist Swimathon.
They will be raising money for St Margaret's Somerset Hospice, the Albemarle Centre, the North Taunton Partnership (Priorswood Community Centre) and the Josh Evans Trust Fund.
The Swimathon has raised £540,000 for good causes over the past 25 years.


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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - The ongoing debate about race relations at Jacksonville Fire Rescue Department came to the federal courthouse on Monday.
A federal judge said the JFRD and the Brotherhood of Firefighters are going to have to sit down and resolve the decades-old dispute by taking part in some large-scale mediation.
Both sides were in court on Monday.
The Brotherhood of Firefighters, which is comprised mostly of African-American firefighters, talked about some things that came up since 1971 when they said they wanted the racial makeup of the fire department to be representative of the racial makeup of the city. They said the city has since fallen away from that thinking.
Both side have said they would sit down at the judge's request and do some mediation. They hope the large-scale mediation will help work out any problems.
"We think it's a good idea by Judge Corrigan. These are complex maters, and mediation lets you be creative in the solution. It also has plenty of time so you can consider people's concerns; really listen to what they believe the issues are. Frankly, it keeps the lawyers out of the process a little more," said Cindy Laquidara, of the Office of the General Counsel.
"If everybody's is serious about dealing with discrimination, we're interested in talking about it. Not just talking about it, but putting solutions in place that will actually resolve the problem going forward. Like we mentioned in court, if you get to a spot where you eliminate discrimination or at least put the systems in place that deal with that and make it that it's no a problem at the organization, the city wins," said Dennis Thompson, who is representing the African-America firefighters.
Who will arbitrate the mediation, and who will fund the mediation has not yet been determined.
Copyright 2011 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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The M65 was closed near Brierfield after a three-car accident at 5.20pm.
There was queueing traffic on the eastbound carriageway between junction 11, Burnley centre, and junction 12, Brierfield.
Tailbacks were reported back to Junction 10 because no traffic was able to pass the accident heading towards Nelson.
Traffic was also queueing on the westbound carriageway.
Motorway police said drivers turned and drove the wrong way up the slip road and had to be stopped by police.


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Toddler hit by car in Edgewood while trick-or-treating
A Penn Hills boy was in serious condition at a hospital Saturday night after he was hit by a car while trick-or-treating in Edgewood, police said.
The incident occurred about 7:30 p.m. near the corner of Linden and Maple avenues near Edgewood Primary School.
Edgewood Police Chief Robert Payne said the boy suffered a severe head wound when he was hit while crossing the street. He was taken to Childrens Hospital in Lawrenceville. No one else was injured.
Delisha Thomas, 32, of Hazelwood said she saw the car hit the boy, believed to be 4 or 5 years old, as he walked with a bag of candy.
"She was going a speed that she shouldn't have been going," Thomas said of the driver.
Payne said police will investigate whether speed was a factor in the incident.
"I was scared because it could have been my child," Thomas said. "I feel for the grandmother and mother."
She said the street was dark at the time and full of trick-or-treating children.
Payne said the boy was wearing a dark costume. Some witnesses thought he was dressed as a ninja. Payne said the driver, a 26-year-old woman from Edgewood, stopped immediately after the incident.
The boy was with his grandmother. She took him to a nearby home where a nurse who lives in the area treated him until paramedics arrived.
Payne said police are deciding whether to file charges, and will test the driver - whom he declined to identify - for drugs and alcohol.
Many Pittsburgh-area communities, including Edgewood, rescheduled the designated night for Halloween trick-or-treating to Saturday because of the storms that swept through the area mid-week as a result of superstorm Sandy.


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lesbian don't fuck men
That thing fucking suck
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is this sopused to be porn... oh yes a have the ass is said by naruto atleast 10 times
Boy, the fucking twat in the wet suit is an absolute riot. WTF is he going on about? The dark haired one has a beautiful body and really fat juicy pussy lips.
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Sometimes, preparing a little holiday feast for two is just the ticket – maybe your whole family is stranded in Chicago due to a freaky snowstorm (don't laugh – the forecast looks iffy), or you and your lucky love bunny are simply planning a cozy Thanksgiving this year.
This recipe is fairly easy and delicious…enjoy.
adapted from Bon Appetit, December 2007
1 tablespoon golden brown sugar
3 teaspoons chopped fresh thyme, divided
1 1 1/2- to 1 3/4-pound Cornish game hen, halved, backbone removed, rinsed, patted dry
1/2 tablespoon all purpose flour
3/4 cup chicken broth
1/2 cup orange juice
1/3 cup frozen cranberry juice cocktail concentrate, thawed
1/4 cup dried sweetened cranberries
Preheat oven to 450°F. Blend 2 tablespoons butter, sugar, and 2 teaspoons thyme in small bowl. Pat hen halves dry with a paper towel and sprinkle liberally with salt and pepper.
Spread skin of each with half of butter mixture. Heat a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat. Add hen halves, skin side down. Sear until deep brown, about 4 minutes. Turn, skin side up, and sear 1 minute. Remove from heat. Transfer hen halves, skin side up, to a small rimmed baking sheet. Reserve skillet (pan juices will be dark).
Roast hen halves until cooked through and juices run clear when pierced with a fork, about 20 minutes.
Meanwhile, blend remaining 1 tablespoon butter and 1/2 tablespoon flour in a small bowl. Add broth, orange juice, cranberry concentrate, and remaining 1 teaspoon thyme to reserved skillet.
Boil until sauce is reduced to 3/4 cup, whisking often, about 7 minutes. Whisk in flour mixture and cranberries. Simmer until sauce coats a spoon, stirring often, about 2 minutes. Season with salt and pepper.
Transfer hen halves to plates. Spoon the sauce over and serve.


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The votes are in and the results of my survey about favourite numbers are revealed here for the first time.
And the winner is...seven! To be honest, no other number stood a chance. Congratulations also to runners-up three and eight.
My survey polled more than 30,000 people from across the world. More than a thousand individual favourite numbers were submitted and the full list can be downloaded here.
I conducted this experiment because I am fascinated by the emotional responses many of us have to numbers. The survey asked those taking part to nominate their favourite number and explain why they feel that way.
Click on any of the numbers 7, 3, 8, 4, 5, 13, 9, 6, 2, 11 to discover some of the most engaging replies.
And watch the video below about seven in which I explain its amazing success.
My new book, called Alex Through The Looking Glass in the UK, and The Grapes of Math in the US, contains a more detailed analysis of the data. If you want to know about what else is in the book, click here.
Favourite number poll:
the top ten
Now in paperback.
Now in paperback


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14 September 2012
Hopefully the #DOOM nightmare is over for the Tigers. We've been saying all along that the schedule favors Detroit's chances for a strong finish if they could only hang close in the AL Central race. But we're well past the point in the year where hanging close means three or four games. All they have to do is take care of business versus the Twins, Indians, and Royals – some of the worst competition in all of baseball.
That's all.
But they hadn't been able to do it lately. Entering Friday, the Tigers had won only six of their previous fifteen games. Included in that was a 1-5 record versus the Indians and Royals. Not strong. Detroit, of course, had taken care of business against the White Sox (they're 8-1 versus Chicago since the All-Star break), but they weren't going to stand a chance in winning the division if they couldn't beat anyone else.
But they proceeded to roll past Cleveland on Friday – hopefully a sign that they're going to turn a corner and seriously make a run at the division. Of course one game doesn't prove anything, especially in baseball where the outcome of a single game is probably determined more by random variation than pure relative skill. Unless you have Justin Verlander. And the Tigers have Justin Verlander.
The reigning (and likely repeat) AL Cy Young winner gave seven scoreless innings scattering six hits while striking out six. The win puts pressure back on the White Sox to keep pace ahead of Monday's make-up game. (For what it's worth, the Sox are leading the Twins convincingly in the ninth inning).
It remains to be seen what will happen on Saturday and Sunday when Anibal Sanchez and Rick Porcello take the mound against Cleveland, but it goes without saying that starting the series with a win is better than a loss. One couldn't point to any single remaining game on Detroit's schedule and call it a "must win", but it's imperative to win series against sub-par competition.
Beside the one game remaining against each other, the Tigers only remaining opponent above .500 is the Oakland Athletics. The White Sox still have to play series against the Los Angeles Angels and Tampa Bay Rays.
Matt Snyder writes about Baseball, Football, and College Basketball. He can be found online as the creator and editor of Forever Faithful, the editor of The Tigers Den, a contributor to Call To The Pen, and a contributor to SideLion Report. He can be reached on Twitter @snyder_matthew.


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Finding your way through the fem care aisle doesn't have to be a nightmare!
-Suzi Kirsh
Finding your way through the complex fem care aisle and its overwhelming array of items is no walk in the park. From feminine cleansers, powders, wipes, washes, gels, deodorants, tampons, and lubes to moisturizers, suppositories, home pregnancy tests, ovulation kits, prebiotics, probiotics and pH tests– Well, just try saying all that ten times fast! With every item making a different claim about feminine health, it's no wonder that we're so confused about trying to figure out what's good and what's not. Wouldn't it be nice to get a cheat sheet or some good solid advice to help out?
Dr. Mary Jane Minkin, OB/GYN and professor at Yale University, suggests, "Understanding the medical properties of the product available for sale is vital to getting the over-the-counter care you need." Dr. Minkin offers the following advice.
Lubricants and Moisturizers:
First, what's the difference between a lubricant and a moisturizer? Did you even know there was one? Well, there is, and it's important.
Lubricants like K-Y and Astroglide are primarily used for intimacy and can provide a good but temporary source of lubrication. According to Dr. Minkin, "Itching, burning and soreness usually describe chronic vaginal dryness which can occur after you've had a baby, during peri-menopause, when taking estrogen depleting drugs for cancer or diabetes, or during or after menopause. If left untreated, it can lead to more serious problems such as urinary discomfort, bladder infections, and painful intercourse." Definitely not okay!
On the other hand, a good long-lasting vaginal moisturizer like Replens has clinically-studied active ingredients and can provide soothing relief, keeping your "sexy time" spontaneous and exciting. Be careful to avoid "double ganger" brands that make the long-lasting claim, but which don't contain the active ingredients needed to actually meet your expectations. Moisturizers that contain polycarbophil, an ingredient that coats and soothes dry vaginal cells, are good choices.
Be sure to check out silicone lubes, too. They are available online, and although they're more expensive than the water-based lubricants you get at the drug store, they are much less messy and last far longer. You'll love them.
Read Suzi's Sexy Secrets: What Don't You Know About Your Period?
Feminine Washes, Sprays and Powders:
Gentle feminine washes and wipes can help clean sensitive areas without the irritation that can result from overly harsh conventional soaps. "The most toxic soaps that women can use are Irish Spring and Ivory on sensitive areas," says Dr. Minkin. "The safest and most gentle soaps for feminine hygiene are White Dove and Neutrogena."
If the odor down there bothers you, you can mask it with feminine sprays– but be aware that the fragrances used in such sprays can often irritate sensitive tissue, causing allergic reactions and stinging (OUCH!). Just wash daily with gentle soap to stay clean.
Like feminine sprays, feminine powders attempt to neutralize odor by masking scent. Watch out, though: "A powder may even cause a low-grade fungal infection," says Dr. Minkin. When it comes to the vagina, we must keep in mind that this area is home to the most sensitive skin on our bodies. No need to overdo it, girls; a little bit goes a long way!
Some women can suffer from perineal odor caused by the oils in sweat gland secretions. If you feel like you need to use a powder to deal with sweat, Dr. Minkin recommends a non-perfume powder. Even plain old corn starch should do the trick.
Here's a little food for thought: Certain fatty foods like meat and pungent or spicy foods can have odorous oils that can be secreted in sweat. So the next time you want to indulge in an oversized platter of fajitas or the Indian buffet, remember: the more fat we ingest, the more oil—and the more odor—we secrete.


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Explore New York City Parks!
Enjoy a picnic lunch and more.
Live like a local and reserve our Picnic in the Park Package!
NYC may be known for our world famous Empire State Building, Times Square, Grand Central Terminal and breathtaking views, but did you know that New York City has 1,700 parks and green spaces?
Package includes:
- Classic guestroom accommodations
- An informative NYC parks guide
- Picnic lunch (select from a variety of sandwiches and cheese plates)
- Radisson Martinique picnic blanket—yours to keep
- Booking Start Date: June 1, 2016
- Booking End Date: December 31, 2016
- Receive one blanket per room per stay
- One picnic lunch per person
- No cash value
- May not be combined with other promotions or discounts


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This time of year, you'll probably see family and friends from far and near. You may visit them or they may visit you, but in either case, computer woes will arise. As the "IT guy" (or gal) in your circle, you'll be expected to deal with them.
This past week, my wife had our second child, a girl this time, and my in-laws have been visiting and helping with pretty much everything. My father-in-law brought his own laptop, and in the course of the week, I've provided networked printer support, Android ActiveSync support, and more. We had him humming along just fine off my wireless network, yet for some unknown reason, he decided to sit at my wife's computer, a newer system that I haven't installed any antivirus product on just yet. Of course he gets a Microsoft Security Essentials alert.
[ Windows 7 is making huge inroads into business IT. But with it comes new security threats and security methods. InfoWorld's expert contributors show you how to secure the new OS in the "Windows 7 Security Deep Dive" PDF guide. ]
Although I use Microsoft Security Essentials on my home systems, I haven't installed it on my wife's computer. I know that, but my father-in-law, unfortunately, did not. Seeing the official Microsoft flag, he clicked the link from what was actually a phishing attack, allowing the ThinkPoint virus to infect the system.
ThinkPoint is a fake antispyware program. Users are told that they are infected, asked to perform a (fake) scan, and informed they need a licensed version of the (malware) software called ThinkPoint.
He was sorry, I was frustrated, and we kept my naturally preoccupied wife completely in the dark about it. The Internet was full of suggestions, some of which required the download of another tool that might help, but I was worried it was just a second scam. I tried a few quick fixes and ultimately settled on a system restore that put my wife's system back a few days and required me to reinstall a few Adobe updates. At least it got the system to pre-infection mode. I then made sure to install Microsoft Security Essentials.
All of this got me thinking. I was able to stay calm because I knew I wasn't the first person to have this problem. I knew I could reach out to the Internet and find a solution. I knew I could follow a pattern of deduction that would eventually lead me in the right direction -- so let me share that knowledge with you. Here are a few tools and ideas to consider should you get such a nasty surprise.
Last Known Good Configuration. When you boot or restart your Windows PC, you can force the presentation of advanced boot options by holding the F8 key before the Windows startup screen appears. It's the same method you use to select Windows' Safe Mode, an advanced boot option. Another advanced option is the Last Known Good Configuration, which is a misleading title. If you make a change to your system -- for example, installed a driver or made a registry adjustment -- and encounter the Blue Screen of Death or cannot log in, choose the Last Known Good option to revert to saved registry settings and configuration settings from the last time you successfully logged in. Any registry changes made since you last logged in will be gone, although file changes or new files will not be harmed.


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Dog-friendly Argyll and Bute, 7 People & 1 Beds
Amidst a stunning secluded location with a 1½ mile private beach and just 4 miles from the nearest villages, this really is the perfect place for a relaxing holiday or family celebration. Nestling in 460 acres of unspoilt natural woodland, Ardlamont Estate is ideal for large parties and weddings. It is located…
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Sign up to StockTwits to save a watchlist for easy access to your favorite stocks
Questions? My E-mail: email@example.com Phone: (702) 490 5317 I have been a trader and TradeStation programer for 20 years. My stock trading systems are outside the box and I post them on the web every day along with a video.
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