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At Max Milan last week, I gave a presentation on Flex Development with Cairngorm. The presentation was based largely on the "Cairngorm: Tips and Tricks from the Experts" presentation my colleagues Peter Martin and Eric Garza gave at Max in San Francisco, but after seeing the number of hands raised when Peter asked who was using Cairngorm, I thought I'd change the emphasis (and the content) a bit for the Milan audience.
I wanted to answer a number of common questions surrounding Cairngorm:
* How do I get data from my Commands to my Model?
* How do I get data to my view?
* How can I be notified that new data has arrived on the view?
* How should Responders be implemented?
* How should I use the Model Locator?
So, the presentation is split into three main sections:
1) Cairngorm Overview
The first section is a back-to-basics introduction to Cairngorm, but with a twist. If you've been following some of the Adobe Consulting blogs recently, you'll have seen us talk about the Presentation Model pattern. Another of our consultants, Paul Williams, covered this in his well received series of Presentation Patterns and I show how the Presentation Model fits in with the standard Cairngorm Data Flow.
2) Cairngorm Best Practices
In the second section of the presentation, I provide some Adobe Consulting best practices for the use of Flex and Cairngorm, based on our many and varied engagements on mid to large scale enterprise applications.
The main topics covered are:
* Using the Presentation Model
* Using the Model Locator
* Events, Commands, Responders
* Updating Views with Data
During the talk, I went into detail on the Presentation Model in particular, and how it addresses many of the common questions we hear on handling data in Flex applications.
I also touched on unit testing with Cairngorm, Cairngorm and Modules, and Cairngorm and Data Management Services (part of LiveCycle Data Services).
3) Cairngorm Myths and Anti-Patterns
The presentation also gave me the opportunity to challenge a number of the misconceptions and misunderstandings I have seen on blog posts and architecture face-off discussions at conferences. I also spoke about some of the recurring mistakes we see people make when using Flex and Cairngorm. I covered the following:
* Do I Always Need to use a Framework?
* Do I Need to use every Cairngorm Pattern?
* Business Logic in Cairngorm Classes
* Use of the ModelLocator
* Use of Commands and Responders
* Use of the Controller
I hope to find time to provide more details on these best practices and myths in future blog posts.
At Max San Francisco, Peter Martin also announced the launch of the Cairngorm Plugin for FlexBuilder to allow the quick creation of FrontControllers, Events and Commands. The presentation ends with some details of that, and some road-map details.
My Max Milan presentation can be found on Adobe acrobat.com, here. You can download it via the Download link near the top-right of that page.


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Social psychology: Altruism · Attribution · Attitudes · Conformity · Discrimination · Groups · Interpersonal relations · Obedience · Prejudice · Norms · Perception · Index · Outline
- This article is about epidemiology of domestic abuse. For other related topics, see Outline of domestic violence.
Domestic violence occurs across the world, in various cultures,[1] and affects people across society, irrespective of economic status.[2]
In the United States, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 1995 women reported a six times greater rate of intimate partner violence than men.[3][4] However, studies have found that men are much less likely to report victimization in these situations.[5]
Some studies[4] have found that "women are as physically aggressive or more aggressive than men in their relationships with their spouses or male partners". However, studies have shown that women are more likely to be injured. Archer's meta-analysis[6] found that women suffer 65% of domestic violence injuries. A Canadian study showed that 7% of women and 6% of men were abused by their current or former partners, but female victims of spousal violence were more than twice as likely to be injured as male victims, three times more likely to fear for their life, twice as likely to be stalked, and twice as likely to experience more than ten incidents of violence.[7]
Some studies show that lesbian relationships have similar levels of violence as heterosexual relationships,[8] while other studies report that lesbian relationships exhibit substantially higher rates of physical aggression.[9]
Against women Edit
- Main article: Violence against women
Percent of women surveyed (national surveys) who were ever physically assaulted by an intimate partner: Barbados (30%), Canada (29%), Egypt (34%), New Zealand (35%), Switzerland (21%), United States (25%).[10] Some surveys in specific places report figures as high as 50-70% of women surveyed who were ever physically assaulted by an intimate partner.[10] Others, including surveys in the Philippines and Paraguay, report figures as low as 10%.[10]
In India, every two hours a "bride burning" occurs because the woman had a small dowry or so that her husband can remarry.[11]
Statistics published in 2004, show that the rate of domestic violence victimisation for Indigenous women in Australia may be 40 times the rate for non-Indigenous women.[12]
South Africa is said to have the highest statistics of gender-based violence in the world and this includes rape and domestic violence (Foster 1999; The Integrated Regional Network [IRIN], Johannesburg, South Africa, 25 May 2002).[13] 80% of women surveyed in rural Egypt said that beatings were common and often justified, particularly if the woman refused to have sex with her husband.[14] In India, around 70% of women are victims of domestic violence.[15] Up to two-thirds of women in certain communities in Nigeria's Lagos State say they are victims to domestic violence.[16]
In Turkey 42% of women over 15 have suffered physical or sexual violence[17]
Between 1993 and 2001, U. S. women reported intimate partner violence almost seven times more frequently than men (a ratio of 20:3).[18] Statistics for the year 1994 showed that more than five times as many females reported being victimized by an intimate than did males.[19]
There is currently limited research on the abuse of lesbian women by their lesbian partners. However, an investigation by the Canadian Government saw some 19% of a survey of lesbian women respond to being victims of their partners.[20]
Pregnancy Edit
- Main article: Domestic violence and pregnancy
Domestic violence during pregnancy can be missed by medical professionals because it often presents in non-specific ways. A number of countries have been statistically analyzed to calculate the prevalence of this phenomenon:
- UK prevalence: 3.4%[21]
- USA prevalence: 3.2-33.7%[22][23]
- Ireland prevalence: 12.5%[24]
- Rates are higher in teenagers[25]
- Severity and frequency increase postpartum (10% antenatally vs. 19% postnatally);[26] 21% at 3 months post partum[27]
There are a number of presentations that can be related to domestic violence during pregnancy: delay in seeking care for injuries; late booking, non-attenders at appointments, self-discharge; frequent attendance, vague problems; aggressive or over-solicitous partner; burns, pain, tenderness, injuries; vaginal tears, bleeding, STDs; and miscarriage.[citation needed]
Domestic violence can also affect the fetus and the subsequent child. Physical abuse is associated with neonatal death (1.5% versus 0.2%), and verbal abuse is associated with low birth weight (7.6% versus 5.1%).[28]
Against men Edit
Women's violence towards men is a serious social problem.[29] While much attention has been focused on domestic violence against women, researchers argue that domestic violence against men is a substantial social problem worthy of attention.[4] However, the issue of victimization of men by women has been contentious, due in part to studies which report drastically different statistics regarding domestic violence.
Some studies—typically crime studies—show that men are substantially more likely than women to use violence.[30] According to a July 2000 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) report, data from the Bureau of Justice, National Crime Victimization Survey consistently show that women are at significantly greater risk of intimate partner violence than are men. Other studies—typically family and domestic violence studies—show that men are more likely to inflict injuries, but also that when all acts of physical aggression or violence are considered in aggregate, women are equally violent as men,[31] or more violent than men.[32][33][34][35]
In May, 2007, researchers with the Centers for Disease Control reported on rates of self-reported violence among intimate partners using data from a 2001 study. In the study, almost one-quarter of participants reported some violence in their relationships. Half of these involved one-sided ("non-reciprocal") attacks and half involved both assaults and counter assaults ("reciprocal violence"). Women reported committing one-sided attacks more than twice as often as men (70% versus 29%). In all cases of intimate partner violence, women were more likely to be injured than men, but 25% of men in relationships with two-sided violence reported injury compared to 20% of women reporting injury in relationships with one-sided violence. Women were more likely to be injured in non-reciprocal violence.[citation needed]
Straus argues that these discrepancies between the two data sets are due to several factors. For example, Straus notes that crime studies use different methodologies than family conflict studies.[36] Additionally, Straus notes that most studies show that while men inflict the greater portion of injuries, women are at least as likely as men to shove, punch, slap or otherwise physically assault their partner, and that such relatively minor assaults often escalate to more serious assaults. Men generally do not report such assaults if asked general questions about violence or abuse; older studies frequently failed to ask about specific actions, thus falling afoul of quite different cultural gender norms for what constitutes abuse. Minor assaults perpetrated by women are also a major problem, even when they do not result in injury, because they put women in danger of much more severe retaliation by men.
The 2000 CDC report, based on phone interviews with 8000 men and 8000 women, reported that 7.5% of men claim to have been raped or assaulted by an intimate at some time in their life (compared to 25% of women), and 0.9 percent of men claim to have been raped or assaulted in the previous 12 months (compared to 1.5% of women).[30]
A 2007-2008 online non-random, self-report survey of the experiences and health of men who sustained partner violence in the past year. The study showed that male victims of IPV are very hesitant to report the violence or seek help. Reasons given for non-reporting were they (1) may be ashamed to come forward; (2) may not be believed; and (3) may be accused of being a batterer when they do come forward. The 229 U.S. heterosexual men, between 18 and 59, had been physically assaulted by their female partner within previous year and did seek help. The researchers say their findings emphasize the need for prevention on all levels:
- Primary prevention: Educate public and providers that both sexes can be IPV victims
- Secondary prevention: First responders (police, hotlines, medical professionals) should take concerns seriously from all individuals (including males) seeking help
- Tertiary prevention: Rehabilitative services available to all individuals[37]
Against children Edit
- Main article: Child abuse
The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that for each year between 2000 and 2005, "female parents acting alone" were most common perpetrators of child abuse.[38]
When it comes to domestic violence towards children involving physical abuse, research in the UK by the NSPCC indicated that "most violence occurred at home" (78 per cent). 40—60% of men and women who abuse other adults also abuse their children.[39] Girls whose fathers batter their mothers are 6.5 times more likely to be sexually abused by their fathers than are girls from non-violent homes.[40]
In China in 1989, 39,000 baby girls died during their first year of life because they didn't receive the same medical care that would be given to a male child.[11]
In Asia alone, about one million children working in the sex trade are held in slavery-like conditions.[11]
Against teens Edit
- Main article: Teen dating violence
Teen dating violence is a pattern of controlling behavior by one teenager over another teenager who are in a dating relationship. While there are many similarities to "traditional" domestic violence there are also some differences. Teens are much more likely than adults to become isolated from their peers as the result of controlling behavior by their boyfriend/girlfriend. Also, for many teens the abusive relationship may be their first dating experience and have never had a "normal" dating experience with which to compare it.
World Health Organization Edit
The World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women in the same year, concluded that civil society and governments have acknowledged that violence against women is a public health and human rights concern. Work in this area has resulted in the establishment of international standards, but the task of documenting the magnitude of violence against women and producing reliable, comparative data to guide policy and monitor implementation has been exceedingly difficult. The World Health Organisation Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women 2005 is a response to this difficulty. Published in 2005 it is a groundbreaking study which analysed data from 10 countries and sheds new light on the prevalence of violence against women. It seeks to look at violence against women a public health policy perspective. The findings will be used to inform a more effective response from government, including the health, justice and social service sectors, as a step towards fulfilling the state's obligation to eliminate violence against women under international human rights laws.
Measures of the incidence of violence in intimate relationships can differ markedly in their findings depending on the measures used. Care is needed when using domestic violence statistics to ensure that both gender bias and under-reporting issues do not affect the inferences that are drawn from the statistics.
Some researchers, such as Michael P. Johnson, suggest that where and how domestic violence is measured also affects findings, and caution is needed to ensure statistics drawn from one class of situations are not applied to another class of situations in a way that might have fatal consequences.[41] Other researchers, such as David Murray Fergusson, counter that domestic violence prevention services, and statistics that they produce, target the extreme end of domestic violence and preventing child abuse rather than domestic violence between couples.[42]
Gender biasEdit
"Community-based samples" show a symmetry in the rates women and men are perpetrators or victims of certain forms of domestic violence. "Agency samples" and "hospital samples" show that men commit up to 90% domestic violence.[41]
Survey approaches to gathering domestic violence statistics tend to show parity in the use of violence by both men and women against partners, while approaches using data from reports of domestic violence offending tends to show women experiencing violence from male partners as the majority of cases (over 80%).Research based on the survey-based Conflict Tactics Scale, a measure of intrafamily conflict and violence focusing on the adults in the family developed by Murray Straus (1979) , includes national surveys on the prevalence of domestic violence in the United States and other countries. These include the two U.S. National Family Violence Surveys (1975 and 1985)[43] and the National Violence Against Women Survey (2000) (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). This research has tended to show that men and women are equally violent. The National Violence Against Women Survey (2000) found that women experience more intimate partner violence than do men, women experience more chronic and injurious physical assaults at the hands of intimate partners than do men, and that violence perpetrated against women by intimates is often accompanied by emotionally abusive and controlling behavior (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000).
Research based on reported domestic violence or on police records show men to be the perpetrators and women the victims of most domestic violence. However, the mere intervention of police may introduce a degree of gender bias into reporting.
When faced with a domestic violence situation, police officers often find it far easier to take action against a male protagonist than a female one.[citation needed] Removing one party will normally defuse an altercation. Often police will choose the man, possibly due to simple gender bias, and possibly because his arrest is not normally going to involve any children[citation needed]; while removing the woman may entail involving other social services to care for the children for a time, something that may not be in the children's best interests, or may cause a significant delay. The fact that the majority of police officers are also male and that non-domestic offending is often committed by males may also influence an officer's decision.
Also, police responding to a complaint may act more favorably to the complainant than other parties (although some researchers also report instances where men were attacked, called the police instead of fighting back, and yet were arrested themselves). Some researchers have found that women are more likely to report domestic violence to police than men are, and this is a cause of gender bias. For example, in Ireland, 29% of female victims and 5% of male victims of domestic abuse reported the abuse to the police.[4] In the United States, male victims are less likely than female victims to report rape, physical assault, or stalking.[44]
Injury and hospital admission statistics also suggest that males are more frequently perpetrators of injury causing violence.[citation needed] However, both the large difference in likelihood of reporting noted above, and the relative strengths and other physical differences between males and females, could be factors in this reporting bias, as males may be more likely to injure females in otherwise equivalent circumstances.
Under-reportingEditThe problem of under-reporting to police is believed to be substantial. However, estimates about how much domestic violence is not reported vary widely. It must also be remembered that a significant amount of non-domestic violence crime is also not reported to police. Depending on what statistics are chosen, anywhere between a tenth of incidents and nothing significantly less than what would be expected for any other incident are reported to police.
Many crime victimization surveys, from many countries, do show that there is a correlation between the under-reporting of crime and the degree of intimacy between the victim and the offender. The degree of seriousness of offending also affects reporting, with less serious offending less likely to be reported to police. Also the nature of the offending affects reporting, with sexual offenses far less likely to be reported, even when they are serious.
A 1992 Council of Europe study on domestic violence against women found that 1 in 4 women experience domestic violence over their lifetimes and between 6 and 10% of women suffer domestic violence in a given year.[citation needed]
United KingdomEdit
The British Crime Survey for 2006-2007 reported that 0.5% of people (0.6% of women and 0.3% of men) reported being victims of domestic violence during that year and 44.3% of domestic violence was reported to the police. According to the survey, and 312,000 women and 93,000 men were victims of domestic violence.[45]
The Northern Ireland Crime Survey for 2005 reported that 13% of people (16% of women and 10% of men) reported being victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives.[46]
The National Study of Domestic Abuse for 2005 reported that 213,000 women and 88,000 men reported being victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. According to the study, one in seven women and one in sixteen men were victims of severe physical abuse, severe emotional abuse, or sexual abuse.[4]
In the United Kingdom, the police estimate that around 35% of domestic violence against women is actually reported.[citation needed] A 2002 Women's Aid study found that 74% of separated women suffered from post-separation violence.[citation needed]
United StatesEdit
The National Violence Against Women Survey for 2000 reported that 25% of women and 7.6% of men reported being victims of intimate partner violence at some point in their lives.[44] The rate of intimate partner violence in the U. S. has declined since 1993.[47]
As pointed out by a 2006 Amnesty International report, The Maze of Injustice: The Failure to Protect Indigenous Women From Sexual Violence in the USA[48] the data for Native women are very different. Statistics gathered by the U.S. government reveal that Native American and Alaska Native women are more than 2.5 times more likely to be sexual assaulted than women in the United States in general;[49] more than one in three Native women will be raped in their lifetime.[50]
According to Southern Connecticut State University: "In 95% of family violence cases the victims are women beaten by male partners. In 1% of the cases the reverse is true. There are an estimated 28 million battered women in the U.S., more than half of all married women in the country. In the U.S., one woman is beaten by her husband or partner every 9 seconds. Battering is the single major cause of injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44 in the U.S.; more than car accidents, muggings, and rapes combined. 70% of the assault victims seen in the emergency room of Boston City Hospital are women who have been attacked in their own homes. 3 out of 5 women in the U.S. will be battered in their lifetime." Domestic Violence Facts
Family judges often issue orders of protection or restraining orders in the absence of any direct threat of harm (Heleniak, Rutgers Law Review, Spring 2005). Eighty-five percent of these orders are issued against men (Young, Independent Women's Forum, 2005). Often these orders are used as "part of the gamesmanship of divorce." (Kasper, Illinois Bar Journal, June 2005 and Kiernan, New Jersey Law Journal, April 1988)
New research published in the Journal of Family Psychology says that contrary to media and public opinion women commit more acts of violence than men in eleven categories: throw something, push, grab, shove, slap, kick, bite, hit or threaten a partner with a knife or gun. The study, which is based on interviews with 1,615 married or cohabiting couples and extrapolated nationally using census data, found that 21 percent of couples reported domestic violence. The Washington Times confirms study.
Dr. Gerald P. Koocher, American Psychology Association President, stated October 2006 that "psychological science is not politically correct." He adds, "Several studies of domestic violence have suggested that males and females in relationships have an equal likelihood of acting out physical aggression, although differing in tactics and potential for causing injury (e.g., women assailants will more likely throw something, slap, kick, bite, or punch their partner, or hit them with an object, while males will more likely beat up their partners, and choke or strangle them)."
Honor killing in the United States Edit
- Main article: Honor killing in the United States
An article in the Spring 2009 edition of the Middle East Quarterly, published by [51] Daniel Pipes, argues that the United States is far behind Europe in acknowledging that honor killings are a special form of domestic violence, requiring special training and special programs to protect the young Muslim women and girls most subject to it.[52] The article suggests that the fear of being labeled "culturally insensitive" (political correctness) prevents US government officials and the media from both identifying and accurately reporting these women's murders as "honor killings" when they occur.[52] Failing to accurately describe the problem makes it more difficult to develop public policies to address it.[52]
Findings from the 2006 Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Safety Survey show that among the female victims of physical assault, 31 percent were assaulted by a current or previous partner. Among male victims, 4.4 percent were assaulted by a current or previous partner. Thirty per cent of people who had experienced violence by a current partner since the age of 15 were male, and seventy per cent were female.[53]
- ↑ Watts C, Zimmerman C (April 2002). Violence against women: global scope and magnitude. Lancet 359 (9313): 1232–7.
- ↑ Waits, Kathleen (1984-1985). The Criminal Justice System's Response to Battering: Understanding the Problem, Forging the Solutions. Washington Law Review 60: 267–330.
- ↑ Bachman, Ronet and Linda E. Saltzman (August 1995). Violence against Women: Estimates from the Redesigned Survey.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 References Examining Assaults By Women On Their Spouses Or Male Partners: An Annotated Bibliography
- ↑ Tonia L. Nicholls; Hamel, John (2007). Family interventions in domestic violence: a handbook of gender-inclusive theory and treatment, 5–6, New York: Springer Pub.
- ↑ Archer, 2000
- ↑ includeonly>"Domestic violence rate unchanged, Statistics Canada finds", CBC News, July 14, 2005.
- ↑ Fact Sheet: Lesbian Partner Violence
- ↑ "[A 1991 study] reported, in a survey of 350 lesbians, that rates of verbal, physical and sexual abuse were all significantly higher in lesbian relationships than in heterosexual relationships: 56.8% had been sexually victimized by a female, 45% had experienced physical aggression, and 64.5% experienced physical or emotional aggression. Of this sample of women, 78.2% had been in a prior relationship with a man. Reports of violence by men were all lower than reports of violence in prior relationships with women (sexual victimization, 41.9% (vs. 56.8% with women); physical victimization 32.4% (vs. 45%) and emotional victimization 55.1% (vs. 64.5%)." Dutton, 1994
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 (December 1999). Ending Violence Against Women—Population Reports Series L, Number 11.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 includeonly>Kristof, Nicholas D. and WuDunn, Sheryl. "The Women's Crusade", The New York Time, August 17, 2009. Retrieved on 2009-08-20.
- ↑ Domestic Violence in Australia—an Overview of the Issues. Parliamentary Library.
- ↑ The Interrelationship Between Gender-based Violence and HIV/AIDS in South Africa. (PDF) Journal of International Women's Studies Vol. 6#1, November 2004.
- ↑ Widespread violence against women in Africa documented. Source: UNFPA.
- ↑ India tackles domestic violence. BBC News. October 26, 2006.
- ↑ Half of Nigeria's women experience domestic violence. afrol News.
- ↑ includeonly>"Behind the veil", The Economist, May 12, 2011.
- ↑ Rennison, Callie Marie (February 2003). Intimate Partner Violence, 1993-2001.
- ↑ Bureau of Justice Statistics, Sex Differences in Violent Victimization, 1994, September 1997, NCJ-164508.
- ↑ Canadian Government—Abuse in Lesbian Relationships
- ↑ Bacchus L, Mezey G, Bewley S, Haworth A (May 2004). Prevalence of domestic violence when midwives routinely enquire in pregnancy. BJOG 111 (5): 441–5.
- ↑ Huth-Bocks AC, Levendosky AA, Bogat GA (April 2002). The effects of domestic violence during pregnancy on maternal and infant health. Violence Vict 17 (2): 169–85.
- ↑ Torres S, Campbell J, Campbell DW, et al. (2000). Abuse during and before pregnancy: prevalence and cultural correlates. Violence Vict 15 (3): 303–21.
- ↑ O'Donnell S, Fitzpatrick M, McKenna P (November 2000). Abuse in pregnancy – the experience of women. Ir Med J 93 (8): 229–30.
- ↑ Parker B, McFarlane J, Soeken K, Torres S, Campbell D (1993). Physical and emotional abuse in pregnancy: a comparison of adult and teenage women. Nurs Res 42 (3): 173–8.
- ↑ Gielen AC, O'Campo PJ, Faden RR, Kass NE, Xue X (September 1994). Interpersonal conflict and physical violence during the childbearing year. Soc Sci Med 39 (6): 781–7.
- ↑ Harrykissoon SD, Rickert VI, Wiemann CM (April 2002). Prevalence and patterns of intimate partner violence among adolescent mothers during the postpartum period. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156 (4): 325–30.
- ↑ Yost NP, Bloom SL, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ (July 2005). A prospective observational study of domestic violence during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 106 (1): 61–5.
- ↑ In D.R. Loseke, R.J. Gelles & M.M. Cavanaugh (Eds.), Current controversies on family violence (2nd edition, pp. 55-77). Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence
- ↑ "A review of the research literature indicates that female intimate partner violence (IPV) is a frequent as male IPV. It is just as severe and has much the same consequences for males as for females." Donald G. Dutton."Female intimate partner violence and developmental trajectories of abusive females." International Journal of Men's Health. Spring 2007. [1]
- ↑ A 2007 study of over 2,400 Spanish high school students found that girls are substantially more likely than boys to exhibit physical aggression (41.9% vs. 31.7%), including higher rates of hitting/kicking (13.4% vs 5.3%), slapping (12.4% vs 3.1%) and shoving/grabbing (22.5% vs 11.9%). See Munoz-Rivas, M. J., Grana, J. L., O'Leary, K. D., & Gonzalez, M. P. (2007). Aggression in adolescent dating relationships: prevalence, justification, and health consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 298-304.
- ↑ A 2000 meta analysis found that men inflict 65% of domestic injuries, but women are more likely (d=-.05) to use any act of violence or aggression. See Archer, J. (2000)."Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review". Psychological Bulletin, 126, 651-680.
- ↑ Erin Pizzey, founder of one of the world's first refuges for battered women, distinguished between the "genuinely battered" and the "violence prone, " additionally arguing that roughly two-thirds of the women at her shelter were violence prone, often provoking physical aggression and initiating violent conflicts. See Pizzey's "Comparative Study Of Battered Women And Violence-Prone Women, ", co-researched with Dr. John Gayford of Warlingham Hospital.
- ↑ A study of university students in Spain found that "Violent psychological behaviors (characterized by the presence of verbal aggression and coercive and jealous behaviors) and physical aggression were significantly higher in women, though the consequences of physical aggression were worse for the women's health." See Marina J. Muñoz-Rivas, et al. Physical and Psychological Aggression in Dating Relationships Amongst Spanish University Students Psicothema 2007. Vol. 19, no. 1 , p. 102-107
- ↑ Straus, Murray A. (1999). "The Controversy Over Domestic Violence by Women". In Violence in Intimate Relationships.
- ↑ Denise A. Hines, Emily M. Douglas. "Men Who Sustain Partner Violence and Seek Help: Their Abuse and Help-Seeking Experiences and Implications for Prevention." NIH. April 1, 2009 Welcome to the Men Experiences with Partner Violence Project
- ↑ Stats for 2000 [2]; for 2001 [3]; for 2002 [4] for 2003 [5]; for 2004 [6] for 2005 [7]
- ↑ American Psychology Association. Violence and the Family: Report of the American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Violence and the Family. 1996
- ↑ Bowker LH, Arbitell M, Mcferron JR (1988). "On the Relationship Between Wife Beating and Child Abuse" Bograd ML, Yllö K Feminist perspectives on wife abuse, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse[dead link]
- ↑ New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse[dead link]
- ↑ http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/VB23.pdf
- ↑ 44.0 44.1 Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence (NCJ 181867)
- ↑ Crime in England and Wales 2006/07
- ↑ http://www.nio.gov.uk/experience_of_domestic_violence__findings_from_the_2005_northern_ireland_crime_survey.pdf
- ↑ Intimate Partner Violence in the U. S.—Overview. Bureau of Justice Statistics. URL accessed on 2007-06-15.
- ↑ http://www.amnestyusa.org/women/maze/report.pdf
- ↑ Steven W Perry, American Indians and Crime – A BJS Statistical Profile 1992-2002, Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, December 2004, available at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/aic02.pdf
- ↑ Patricia Tjaden & Nancy Thoennes, US Department of Justice, Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women, 2000
- ↑ http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2010/12/2010126104756228834.html/
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 http://www.meforum.org/article/2067
- ↑ Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Safety Survey
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Events Calendar
Society of Illustrators Annual Travel Show
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
|Exhibition runs October 11 November 17, 2013
Friday, October 11, 6-8pm : opening reception with live music by Jen Koppin (Marquette, MI)
All events are free and open to the public!
The Society of Illustrators Annual Travel Show, now in its 55th year, features 46 pieces of the most outstanding works created throughout the year. The Illustrators Annual is open to artists worldwide, and a jury of professional illustrators and art directors select pieces from thousands submitted.
The show is broken up into six categories: Sequential/Series, Uncommissioned, Editorial, Book, Advertising, Institutional, and Moving Image. Works on display have appeared in magazine and newspaper publications, adult and children's books, calendars, theater posters, fashion labels, cd and album art, and advertisements for major corporations.
Featured artists include Steve Brodner, Marc Burckhardt, Joseph Ciardiello, Kali Ciesemier, John Cuneo, John Hendrix, Yuko Shimizu, Brian Stauffer, Jillian Tamaki, Sam Weber, JooHee Yoon and more. This exhibition is organized by, and was originally displayed at, the Museum of American Illustration at the Society of Illustrators in New York City.
DeVos Art Museum
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Event ContactMelissa Matuscak
Phone: 227-2235
Website: Click to Visit
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GLOUCESTER have kept faith with the squad that won three out of three games in the Premiership Rugby 7s pool stages for Friday's finals evening at the Stoop.
Gloucester are, of course, reigning champions and kept their chances of retaining their title alive by qualifying in style from last Thursday's pool stages at Kingsholm.
On the evening, they defeated Exeter Chiefs, London Irish and Bath Rugby to qualify for the semi finals where they will take on Northampton Saints.
Henry Purdy, who moved to Gloucester in the summer, had his first taste of action in Thursday's matches and admitted he'd enjoyed his outing at Kingsholm.
He said: "Last Thursday was my first time out at Kingsholm and it was a great atmosphere. I can't thank the crowd enough, they created a great atmosphere and the boys loved it.
"I was impressed with the standard of our round and watched some of the other legs as well. The level will go up a notch at the Stoop but the boys are looking forward to rising to it.
"Northampton have a good side, I know a few of the boys through England age-grades. They have some quick boys with good off loading games so they will be a big challenge.
"But we can definitely step it up, we have a good squad, good strength in depth and young players who are keen to show what they can do."
Gloucester: 1. Sam Showering 2. Jacob Rowan 3. Dan Thomas 4. Bill Meakes 5. Sam Underhill 6. Rhodri McAtee 7. Aled Thomas (captain) 8. Lloyd Evans 9. Henry Purdy 10. Ollie Thorley 11. Callum Braley 12. Steph Reynolds


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Sean of the Dead wrote:That's a gay way to say it though.
Do you have something against gay people? O.o
Yes and no, I don't really think it is morally correct, but it affects me not. And it's not like being gay makes someone bad.
Besides I was using gay in the slang way since you used whale cum in a slangy way.


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10 Best Dressed Celebrities of 2011
These stylish celebrities look goddess-like on and off the red carpet.
-PJ Gach
Who can believe that another year has passed? It seems like spring was just a blink of an eye away. With winter winds blowing at our backs, let's take a look at 10 superbly dressed celebrities on and off the red carpet of 2011.
Alexa Chung
Alexa is the Fashion IT girl to zillions of women across the globe. She snagged her second British Style Award this year, beating out Kate Middleton. Her second collaboration with Madewell drove a lot of people into a shopping frenzy. The site crashed moments after it debuted on line.
Alexa makes the streets of New York City look like a runway in her Marc Jacobs dress when she's out with friends.
At the Met Ball, she was one of the very few women to show up in a cocktail frock. She glows in this sequined number by Christopher Kane.
Look how delighted Alexa is at the British Fashion Awards wearing Christopher Kane again (dress and clutch) and Charlotte Olympia cat flats.
Read 13 Gifts for Your BFF You'll Want to Steal Back: Holiday 2011
Kate Middleton
The world fell in love with Kate Middleton when we watched her floating up to the church in her gorgeous Sarah Burton-designed Alexander McQueen wedding gown.
From Kate's adorable fascinators to her gorgeously shod feet, her modern yet classic style has been copied all over the world.
Even in jeans, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge looks every inch a princess.
Emma Stone
Whether she's a blond or a redhead, Emma Stone can wear avant garde designs — they don't wear her. It doesn't matter if she's on or off the red carpet; Emma makes anything she wears extra special.
At The MTV VMA's this summer, Emma rocked out acid yellow and black Giambiattista Valli dress, burnt orange clutch and orange shoes-–colors that shouldn't go together, but glowed together.
She was her natural blonde self at the BAFTAs in London.
Who said redhead's shouldn't wear red? Emma puts that silly notion to rest at the Friends with Benefits premiere in another Giambiattista Valli dress.
Jennifer Hudson
Glowing at Cannes, shining in LA, rocking it New York City or anywhere else her well-shod foot lands, Jennifer Hudson always looks like a superstar.
In London this past spring, Jennifer showed off her curves in a knit sweater dress and sky-high Louboutin booties.
Jennifer Hudson looked like a Disney princess as she taped the Christmas Day Parade at where else, Disney World.
And doesn't Jennifer look like she could take over the world in this Michael Kors white dress, Michael Kors purple sandals and brilliant smile at the amfAR New York Inspiration Gala?
Speaking of superstars, Beyonce glows with high-wattage style. Who could forget the orange Lanvin gown she wore to the VMAs to announce her pregnancy?
Or the way she rocked InStyle's September's issue?
Or wearing jeans on a day off in Paris?
Whatever she's got, we want it!
Emma Watson, Pippa Middleton, Sofia Vegara and more best dressed up next!


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Open up the clay about 2/3 to 3/4 of the way down to to the wheelhead. You are leaving the botton "massively" thick compared to all usual techniques. This is deliberate.
Starting at the point the inside opened floor now is, pull up and form the cylindrical form to the thickness that you feel is appropriate for the given form you asre making. And generally shape this form so that the part now near your eyes is the way you want the BOTTOM to look. (Yeah... the form is currently sitting upside down!)
Cut the piece off the wheelhead and set this aside so that the (current) TOP stiffens to leatherhard-ish. Depending on the weather conditions you might have to wrap the lower thick section with some plastic to keep THAT part from drying too much. But because it is thick and solid and base-down.... it will dry WAY slower than the hollow top part. Let it stiffen up til the top will well support the weight of the bottom. No more than that.
Then, using some clay for a nesting chuck to support and adhere the partially finished piece (not a Giffin Grip! ), invert the partially dry form back on the wheel in the opposite position to the way it was originally thrown (what was up is now down).
Like pretty much normal, open the thick still wet clay at the top through into the open area of the lower form. Pull up the walls from the juncture with the stiffer clay. By repeatedly wetting the area where the transition from leather hard and wetter clay happens you can re-soften this area a tad and facilitate some continued shaping at the juncture.
A bit of practice with this and you'll wonder why you did not think of it.
^^ Wow... consider my mind officially blown! I'm marginally terrified to attempt what you're describing... but I'm going to do it anyway. Thank you.
Cass- all of these are for a project (in brief- I'm making indigenous instruments with surface decorations of endangered species from the same region)... so I'm trying to follow tradition in terms of how I'll mount the drumhead. These guys will get a woven rope attachment for the skin.
I'm actually not much of a drummer- I play octave mandolin, but leave the percussion to people who are more adroit than me. So far, most of these have a pretty sharp sound- almost like an Indian tabla.


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I've finally got my last post back, but not the comments, so we'll see if Blogger is really back up and running.Day 4: Falling back on what I already know, here's a smocked top to replace the one she outgrew. Such an easy top - the hardest part is the ironing. I wonder if those thin oven gloves that I've seen advertised would protect my fingers when ironing fiddly stuff?Day 5: Friday the 13th. My son was off school with the 'flu, plus I was babysitting my toddler nephew, so my hour of sewing didn't come about 'til after the kids' bedtime. It might have been a better idea for me just to have had an early night instead... The seam ripper came out for the one sleeve - I redrafted it twice in the end. That serves me right for thinking "sleeves really are not as hard as I thought they were" earlier in the week. Hopefully I'll get it finished today - I'm finally making something for the boy.
Take care,
KCWC days 4 & 5: blogger, are you back?
Labels: clothes, kid's clothes, sewing
9 comments:
As always--so impressed. This top is amazing.ReplyDelete
Super cute top!ReplyDelete
Oh, that's really lovely!ReplyDelete
That top is fabulous!!!ReplyDelete
Just catching up with some of your recent posts, you've been running up some gorgeous clothes for your little girl. Love the reprise of the smocked pinafore, so pretty!ReplyDelete
You are a sewing maniac, in a crazy good way!ReplyDelete
That has got to be one of the cutest tops I have seen in a while! You have made so much great stuff in the past few days! I am blown away.ReplyDelete
Go Dawn!!! Never mind the seam ripper... :) whatever you are going to create next will be fantastic I'm sure!
LOVE THIS!!!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMay 31, 2011 at 3:09 AM
this top is so cute!ReplyDelete
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text: On 05 April 1969 India, Kilo, and Lima Companies, 3/1 Marines, were conducting sweeps in Quang Nam Province. At 1120, Lima began a river crossing and found themselves taking fire from a treeline on the opposite side of the river. India 3/1 was in a position to take the enemy in the flank and proceeded to do so - but by 1330 had found the enemy well entrenched and willing to fight. India 3/1 pressed the attack and by 1500 had forced the NVA to withdraw, leaving 72 bodies behind. The assault had been costly, though, with 9 men killed and 32 wounded in the action - and one of the wounded died later in the day. The dead were 2ndLt Steven E. Donaldson, Peabody, MA 2ndLt William S. Geary, Roslyn, PA HM3 William E. Boone, Tuskegee, AL (H&S with India 3/1) LCpl Stephen A. Daniel, Waco, TX LCpl Paul R. Le Houllier, Somersworth, NH (Silver Star) Pfc Richard T. Leavell, Jeffersonville, IN Pfc Robert C. Lira, Indio, CA Pfc Willie L. Lowe, Louisville, KY Pfc Islam Ozger, New York, NY Pfc Richard W. Perdue, Rocky Mount, VA 3/1 suffered another loss as well - LCpl Jimmie L. Forrest of Winona, MS, assigned to Kilo 3/1, was hit and killed by a bomb fragment during an air strike on a separate group of NVA soldiers.


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Rock China
Sizes: 18"
Weight: medium heavy
Volume: medium to loud
Stick Sound: pronounced
Intensity: lively
Sustain: medium long
Bell Character: integrated
Sound Character: Bright, full, aggressive with a trashy edge. Medium range, fairly clear mix. Very loud and aggressive attack and explosive shatter. Very strong and powerful china cymbal for all musical applications in louder playing styles.
|Artists playing this Cymbal !
Sound Room:
Click the icons below to hear them.
Download MP3 Sound Files Alpha
Click the icons below to hear them.
Click to add a size of this model to the soundroom: 18"
Download MP3 Sound Files Alpha


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Police are looking for four teenagers after a fire that threatened the Northern Hospital in Epping on Wednesday.
The fire came within metres of the hospital and police believe the blaze was deliberately lit.
The fire broke out about 3.50pm and destroyed 35 hectares of grassland. Emergency services considered evacuating hospital patients.
Police had to help a pregnant woman who was in labour when she arrived at the hospital for the birth.
Detectives want to speak to four boys, aged between 13 and 17, who were seen running from the grasslands about the time the fire started.
Anyone with information is asked to phone Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000.


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This is a list of stylistic devices used in verbal communication
- Simile (Vergleich): an explicit comparison between two things which are basically quite differentusing words such as like or as.She walks like an angel. / I wandered lonely as a cloud. (Wordsworth) A simile is a figure of speech in which the subject is compared to another subject. Frequently,similes are marked by use of the words like or as, "The snow was like a blanket".However, "The snow blanketed the earth" is also a simile and not a metaphor because the verbblanketed is a shortened form of the phrase covered like a blanket.A few other examples are✗ "The deer ran like the wind"✗ "The raindrops sounded as popcorn kernels popping"✗ "the lullaby was like the hush of the winter."The phrase "The snow was a blanket over the earth" is the metaphor in this case.Metaphors differ from similes in that the two objects are not compared, but treated as identical,"We are but a moment's sunlight, fading in the grass."Note: a simile is actually a specific type of metaphor.
- Metaphor (Metapher): a comparison between two things which are basically quite different withoutusing like or as. While a simile only says that one thing is like another, a metaphor says that onething is another. (adj. metaphorical)All the world's a stage / And all the men and women merely players ... (Shakespeare)*Personification (Verkörperung): a kind of metaphor in which animals, plants, inanimate (leblos)objects or abstract ideas are represented as if they were human beings and possessed humanqualities.Justice is blind.Necessity is the mother of invention (Not macht erfinderisch).
- Synecdoche (lat. pars pro toto): a kind of metaphor in which a part of something is used to signify the whole.Lend me your ears (= give me your attention)Symbol (Symbol): something concrete (like a person, object, image, word or event) that stands forsomething abstract or invisible.The Cross is the symbol of Christianity.The dove (Taube) symbolizes peace / is symbolic of peace.
- Alliteration (Alliteration): the repetition of the same consonant sound in neighbouring words,usually at the beginning of words.Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
- Assonance (Assonanz): the repetition of internal vowel sounds in neighbouring words that do notend the same.sweet dreams / fertile - birthConsonance (Konsonanz): the repetition of consonant sounds at the end of neighbouring wordswhich have different vowel sounds.strength - earth – birth / home - same
- Metre (Metrum): a regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables within a line of a poem.
- Iambic metre (Jambus): an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed oneThe way a crow / Shook down on me / The dust of snow / From a hemlock tree (Frost)
- Trochaic metre (Trochäus): a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed oneTiger, Tiger, burning bright / In the forest of the night. (William Blake)**Anapest metre (Anapäst): two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllableOh he flies through the air / With the greatest of ease.
- Dactyl metre (Daktylus): a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed onesJust for a handful of silver he left us / Just for a riband (Band) to stick in his coat.
- Onomatopoeia (Lautmalerei): the use of words which imitate the sound they refer to. (adj.onomatopoeic)the stuttering (stottern) rifles' rapid rattle / The cuckoo whizzed past the buzzing bees.Rhyme (Reim): the use of words which end with the same sounds, usually at the end of lines.Tiger! Tiger! burning bright / In the forests of the night.Internal rhyme rhyme within a line.letters of joy from girl and boyImpure rhyme inaccurate (ungenau) repetition of sounds.hill - full; man - mean; sky - fine; seem - weak Eye-rhyme rhyme that does not depend on sound but on spelling.flow - how, beat - great, over - discover.In older poems one has to consider that words were (maybe) pronounced differently from today.
- Parallelism (Parallelismus): the deliberate repetition of similar or identical words, phrases orconstructions in neighbouring lines, sentences or paragraphs.
- Anaphora (Anapher): a form of parallelism where a word or several words are repeated at the beginning of successive lines, sentences or paragraphs.In every cry of every man / In every infant's cry of fear / In every voice, in every ban. (BlakeLondon)Inversion (Inversion): a change of the usual word order (subject-verb-object).A lady with a dulcimer (Hackbrett) / In a vision once I saw.
- Chiasmus (Chiasmus, Kreuzstellung): a reversal in the order of words so that the second half of asentence balances the first half in inverted (umgekehrt) word order.Love's fire heats water, water cools not love. (Shakespeare)
- Climax (Steigerung, Höhepunkt, Klimax): a figure of speech in which a series of words or expressions rises step by step, beginning with the least important and ending with the most important(= climactic order). The term may also be used to refer only to the last item in the series.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
- Anticlimax (Antiklimax): the sudden fall from an idea of importance or dignity to somethingunimportant or ridiculous in comparison, especially at the end of a series.The bomb completely destroyed the cathedral, several dozen houses and my dustbin.
- Enumeration (Aufzählung): the listing of words or phrases. It can stress a certain aspect e.g. bygiving a number of similar or synonymous adjectives to describe something.Today many workers find their labor mechanical, boring, imprisoning, stultifying, repetitive, drearyand heartbreaking.
- Allusion (Anspielung): a brief reference to a person, place, thing, event or idea in history orliterature. Allusions require common reading and cultural experiences shared by the writer and thereader. (v. to allude to sth., n. an allusion to sth.)The old man and the computer (allusion to The Old man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway)Ambiguity (Ambiguität, Zwei-/Mehrdeutigkeit): the deliberate use of a word or phrase that has twoor more relevant meanings.
- Ambiguity is the basis for a lot of wordplay.(adj. ambiguous)Enjambment (also: run-on line): In poetry, when one line ends without a pause and continues intothe next line for its meaning.
- Euphemism (Euphemismus): hiding the real nature of something unpleasant by using a mild orindirect term for it. (adj. euphemistic)"He has passed away." instead of "He has died.""the underprivileged" instead of "the poor"Hyperbole (Hyperbel) also: overstatement: deliberate exaggeration. Its purpose is to emphasizesomething or to produce a humorous effect.I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
- Understatement (Untertreibung): the opposite of hyperbole; the deliberate presentation ofsomething as being much less important, valuable etc. than it really is."These figures are a bit disappointing" instead of "… are disastrous.""He was quite upset" instead of "He went into a terrible rage".Irony (Ironie): saying the opposite of what you actually mean. Do not use "ironic" in the vaguesense of "funny/humorous".
- Sarcasm (Sarkasmus) is a strong form of verbal irony used to hurt someone through mockery ordisapproval. (adj. (to) be sarcastic)Teacher: "You are absolutely the best class I've ever had." Actual meaning: "the worst class"
- Satire (Satire): a kind of text which criticizes certain conditions, events or people by making themappear ridiculous. Satirical texts often make use of exaggeration, irony and sarcasm. (n. satirist,adj. (to) be satirical, v. to satirize satirisch darstellen)
- Paradox (Paradoxon): a statement that seems to be self-contradictory or opposed to commonsense. On closer examination it mostly reveals some truth. (adj. (to) be paradoxical)The child is father of the man. (Wordsworth)It is awfully hard work doing nothing. (Oscar Wilde)
- Oxymoron (Oxymoron): a condensed form of paradox in which two contradictory words (mostlyadjective and noun) are used together.sweet sorrow / wise fool / bittersweet"O hateful love! O loving hate!" (Romeo and Juliet)Pun (Wortspiel): a play on words that have the same (or a similar) sound but different meanings.There are a lot of puns in English because of its many homophones, i.e. words with the same sound as another. Homophones lose their ambiguity as soon as they are written. At the drunkard's funeral, four of his friends carried the bier. (bier-Totenbahre vs. beer-Bier) A word with the same form as another but with a different meaning is called homonym:"Is life worth living?" – "It depends on the liver" (liver = sb. who lives vs. liver Leber)
- Rhetorical question (rhetorische Frage): a question to which the answer is obvious and thereforenot expected. In reality rhetorical questions are a kind of statement.Don't we all love peace and hate war?Shouldn't we try to be friendlier towards each other?Telling name a name that conveys certain character traits.Darth Vader (dark + death, invader) / Lord Voldemort ("flight of death") / Willy Loman (low man)


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The Samsung D820 is an amazing phone with a refined slide design, which fits comfortably in your hand. The semi-automatic slide allows you to open the phone quietly, smoothly and with very little effort. Samsung's new sliding camera phone offers unparalleled convenience of use. With its sleek & clean design it's one phone that's here to stay.
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When 73MB just isn't enough, you can now also purchase up to 512MB TransFlash cards which will allow you to store unlimited images, videos and MP3s.


text:
Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 6/5/2009 (3030 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
IS there a deal in the works between the provincial government and Assiniboia Downs that will finally secure the long-term viability of the Downs?
The NDP's Jim Rondeau says there is and it could be just a matter of days before it is unveiled. Harvey Warner, president of the Manitoba Jockey Club, says he's not sure what Rondeau is talking about -- but, just the same, he hopes Rondeau is right.
"I wish I knew," Warner laughed when asked what Rondeau was referring to.
Rondeau, the minister of science, technology, energy and mines and the MLA for Assiniboia, caused a bit of a stir -- and an awkward moment -- when he used his speech during the Downs news conference to announce that a new government partnership with the Downs is about to be announced.
"I was hoping a week ago we could make the announcement" on Wednesday, Rondeau told the news conference. "I understand the announcement is imminent."
The Downs has long sought a new partnership with the province, built on a long-term gaming deal that allows the track to compete on an even footing with the province's casinos.
A study commissioned by the province in 2007 found the Downs has an economic impact in the province of $50 million annually and found the existing funding arrangement -- where the Downs gets a portion of the profits from VLTs on the track's property -- woefully inadequate.
The report studied a number of options, including giving the track a full-blown casino -- as the province had promised a few years ago but then reneged on -- or giving the Downs a much more lucrative take of the VLTs on its property.
With the report as the backdrop, Warner said negotiations are ongoing with the province for a new long-term deal he hopes will give the Downs the financial security it needs to make much-needed capital improvements and adapt to an increasingly competitive gambling environment.
But an imminent deal? "We're still in meetings, we're still in negotiations," said Warner.


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CINCINNATI (AP) -- Hundreds of die-hard gamblers and curious locals lined up on a cold and drizzly night in Cincinnati on Monday for the opening of Ohio's fourth casino.
Horseshoe Casino Cincinnati was set to open Monday night after more than two years of construction, and about four years after voters approved of four casinos in Ohio's largest cities to boost the state's economy.
People began lining up to be among the first guests at the $400 million downtown casino more than two hours before it was to open. Many were clearly excited to be there while others complained about parking and other logistics.
"Already it's been a hassle," said Geraldine Parker, a 57-year-old retired Cincinnati resident who said that while the casino is "gorgeous," she was upset that all the parking on the property for opening night was reserved for VIPs. "I want to know who got that."
Parker, who parked across the street for $10, said she goes to Hollywood Casino about 25 miles to the west in Lawrenceburg, Ind., two to four times a week and spends thousands of dollars there. It will take a lot for Cincinnati's casino to win her over, she said.
"They've got to treat me right because I'm spending a lot of money," she said.
Another visitor was Sam Cox, 45, who drove from about 25 miles away in Foster, Ky., to try his luck at slots and some table games.
"It's opening night. We want to see what it looks like," said Cox, who said that he thought the casino would be good for the community by generating more tax dollars, even if they were going to Ohio coffers.
Kentucky law does not allow for casino gambling, although that state's governor has been trying to get the issue passed since he took office in 2007.
Ebony Box, a 37-year-old Cincinnati resident who had wanted to get a glimpse inside the casino, left shortly after arriving because of a long line.
She said she was excited about the casino but felt that money spent on building it would have been better if put toward affordable housing for the city's poorer residents.
Cincinnati Mayor Mark Mallory has already hailed the casino as a home run for the city, although projected revenues are far lower now than when Ohio voters approved casinos in 2009.
"This casino will have the ability to draw people from all around the country," Mallory said. "This is a top-line casino, and the people who are accustomed to the big casinos in Vegas, they're not going to miss anything here."
Though no hotels are attached, and nothing quite compares to the energy or spectacle of the Vegas strip, Mallory said the Cincinnati casino is big time. What once was a run-down parking lot is now a bustling spot that includes a buffet, a VIP players' lounge with limits as high as $50,000, a World Series of Poker room and three outward-facing restaurants, including Jimmy Buffett's Margaritaville and a burger joint by celebrity chef Bobby Flay. Both Buffett and Flay also have outposts in Las Vegas.
Flay, who was in Cincinnati for the opening of the 14th Bobby's Burger Place, said the casino felt just like Vegas.
He said when Caesars Entertainment approached him, he hesitated at first since all the other Bobby's Burgers are in the Northeast. But he said he was attracted to Cincinnati's burgeoning food scene and the bustle of a casino.
"When you build a structure like this, obviously there's something good going on here," Flay said inside the casino. "I think it's incredible. It's a Vegas casino. I've seen some other regional casinos and they're not even close to this."
Cincinnati's casino is projected to draw about $227 million in gross revenue in its first year. That would bring in about $75 million in taxes.
Casinos in Cleveland, Toledo and Columbus all opened over the past year and have brought in nearly $404 million combined. From that, about $133.2 million has gone to Ohio schools, counties and cities.
Ohio's casinos were originally forecast to bring in nearly $2 billion annually. Now, their yearly revenues are expected to be just under $1 billion.
Industry experts say the lower revenues are a result of the economic climate and competition from storefront gambling-style operations in the state known as Internet cafes.
Follow Amanda Lee Myers on Twitter at https://twitter.com/AmandaLeeAP


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Caffe Appassionato co-owner Farzaneh Forouzan serves Lower Queen Anne resident Joanna Lord and Ballard resident Peter Hamilton. Photo by Gwen Davis
Last Sunday, Dec. 16, Farzaneh Forouzan, co-owner of Caffe Appassionato, cried softly to herself as she made coffee for her customers. She and her husband, Ali Lotsi, have owned the Queen Anne business for nearly 15 years. But rent went up recently, and Forouzan and Lotsi say they have no choice but to give up their business at the end of the month.
"This is our home, and our customers are our family," Forouzan said. "Me and my husband work very hard, but we don't make enough money to pay the higher rent…. I tried to tell the landowner, if you bring the rent down, we are ready to stay here a few more years, but he didn't accept that."
The couple bought the business for $90,000. The landowner did not give the couple a chance to sell the business themselves and, instead, will reacquire the facility to sell to someone else for more profit, according to Forouzan.
"It's very hard for me, and when I think about leaving this place, I start to cry and some of our customers cry, too, when they find out we are leaving," Forouzan said. "But they can't do anything."
The 'family' feeling
The small coffee shop, at 1417 Queen Anne Ave. N., sells espresso drinks, sandwiches, soup, pastry and tea. It has approximately 30 regular customers.
Longtime customer PJ Muller loves the shop.
"I moved here from New York 11 years ago, and this was the first cup of coffee I had in Seattle," said the Queen Anne resident. "Ever since, this is my regular place to come for coffee."
Muller said Queen Anne will lose out with the loss of this coffee shop.
"You know, you could go any place to get a cup of coffee, but it's about coming here and talking to [the owners] and the whole family feeling. It's not going to be the same."
Co-owner Lotsi was also teary on Sunday, as he made lattes with his head down.
Lotsi and Forouzan are Iranian immigrants, who, over the years, taught many customers about life as immigrants in America. Customers watched the couple's kids grow up and go to college and medical school, according to John Hennes, a member of a senior group that has met for coffee almost daily at Caffe Appassionato for the last 10 years.
A 'personal' community
The Queen Anne Caffè Appassionato's parent store is a Pacific Northwest roasting company for gourmet coffee. Currently, there are five Caffè Appassionatos in Washington state, including the one in Queen Anne. There are also locations in Massachusetts, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines.
Charley Shore, executive director of the Queen Anne Chamber of Commerce said the cafe's closing is a detriment.
"Anytime one of these businesses goes under, it impacts all of us," she said. "We are a small community, and all of us want everyone to be successful."
However, Shore is optimistic. "With forward-thinking, someone else will come in and join the market and do well," she said.
There are about 40 to 50 small businesses in the Queen Anne area, Shore said. "They are very personal. They become our friends."


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The Louisiana Senate on Tuesday rejected legislation aimed at stopping expansion of salt dome storage activity at Lake Peigneur in Iberia Parish.
While 15 senators voted for the measure, 20 voted against it.
House Bill 200 would have banned the state Commissioner of Conservation from issuing permits for storage of natural gas, crude oil and any other materials where salt rock underlying a state-owned water bottom has structurally failed because of human error.
Only Lake Peigneur fit the description. A drill rig pushed through the top of the salt mine there in 1980 opening a hole that drained the water body.
Bill sponsor state Sen. Fred Mills, R-St. Martinville, asked his Senate colleagues to help his constituents who don't want to see another Lake Peigneur. He said there are two underground caverns there today "each the size of the Twin Towers" which a firm wants to expand.
"In the light of what happened at Bayou Corne, what's happening here with bubbling happening and the issue we are having with foam it makes sense," said Mills.
The Senate endorsed and sent to the House legislation that would slap major fines on any person violating requirements, rules or regulations related to the drilling or use of underground caverns. Bill sponsor state Sen. Rick Ward, D-Maringouin, said the legislation was prompted by the on-going Bayou Corne incident.
Under Senate Bill 139, future violators would be subject to civil penalties of cost to the state for any response necessary as well as a fine of up to $32,000 a day of the violation.
Intentional, willfull or knowing violators causing major environmental damage or endangers lives would be subject to an additional penalty of not more than $1 million.


text: lerno 269 Report post Posted July 30, 2013 I've been trying to gather requirements for an UDP network protocol with virtual connections in a client-server scenario. This is what I got so far Glenn Fiedler's series: Use a protocol prefix to filter packets without the prefix (no real motivation given) Quake 3: Handle the case where the player's port may randomly change due to NAT behaviour. I asked on serverfault.com and heard that this may happen in other cases than with old NATs. I notice this is in Enet as well. Packet sequencing (obvious) Acks (implicit or explicit), some protocols use timeouts as well. Some sort of bandwidth / congestion handling (most implementations have this) Fragment large packets What's missing? 0 Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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SKU:13467Artist:Compatible Figures:N/ACompatible Software:DAZ Studio, PoserInstall Types:
SKU:13467Artist:Compatible Figures:N/ACompatible Software:DAZ Studio, PoserInstall Types:
- Daz Connect
- Install Manager
- Manual Install
- Daz Connect
- Install Manager
- Manual Install
The Library is a complete interior scene, which is a mixture of Baroque and Gothic architectural styles.
The large space is encompassed by bookcases on either side and features a number of detailed furniture pieces. These include two sets of books for the bookcases, two individual books, two candle holders, two tables, three types of chairs and two lamps.
The modular set is fully customizable, with preloads to quickly load the set up in it's entirety. So you can also load as much or as little as you wish. The set has also been designed to compliment products such as the Baroque Granduer and Sacrament.
The light presets used in the DAZ Studio promo images have also been included (DAZ Studio 4 and above).
For full details and additional artwork please refer to the product's wiki page.
Add-ons for this product.
What's Included and Features
- 34 Figures (.DUF, .CR2 and .OBJ and .DAZ)
- !Pre_Books
- !Pre_F_Table
- !Pre_Fplace_S1
- !Pre_Fplace_S2
- !Pre_Frames
- !Pre_Lights
- !Pre_Room
- !Pre_Seating
- !Pre_Table
- Grouping to allow figure elements to be hidden
- 4 DAZ Studio Light Presets (.DUF and .DAZ)
- Textures:
- 113 High Resolution Texture, Bump and Specular Maps (up to 4096x4096)
- Poser MAT Poses (.PZ2)
- Poser Material Presets (.MC6)
- DAZ Studio Material Presets (.DSA)
- This product includes:
- 1 DSON Core Installer
- 1 Poser Core Installer
- 34 Figures (.DUF, .CR2 and .OBJ and .DAZ)


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J.W. Marriott Desert Ridge Resort & Spa Archives
Celebrity Fight Night raises $7.2 million
March 25, 2013 by in Featured | Healthcare | Nonprofit
On Saturday, March 23, 2013 stars and athletes from around the country converged on the J.W. Marriott Desert Ridge Resort & Spa in Phoenix, Arizona for Muhammad Ali's Celebrity Fight Night XIX. The evening opened with the singing of the National Anthem by the Phoenix Boys Choir in which a rare Bald Eagle was released… Read More →


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The Center for Sustainable Systems (CSS) develops and applies life cycle and systems analysis methods, models, and metrics for advancing sustainability and transforming systems to better meet human needs. These tools are at the core of our interdisciplinary research and education mission and provide a framework for engaging diverse stakeholders from private and public sectors to solve sustainability challenges.
The Center for Sustainable Systems will be a global leader in systems-based approaches to sustainability through creative and effective teaching and research. Our vision is to foster the adoption of systems thinking and tools by students, researchers, consumers, business, and policymakers for a sustainable future. We measure success by our research innovations, the accomplishments of the students we train, the designs and technologies that we improve, the policies that we help shape and ultimately the systems that we help transform.
Fundamental to the Center's success in accomplishing its mission and realizing its vision are the values in which we believe and practice:
- Apply systems analysis to establish metrics
- Promote change through discovery, education and communication
- Restore and enhance ecosystem health, structure and function
- Meet basic needs with cross-generational equity
- Value ecologically and socially sustainable systems in the marketplace
- Use nature as a model
- Integrate interdisciplinary, multi-objective approaches and multi-stakeholder participation
The Center for Sustainable Systems is an evolution of the National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education (NPPC), which was created in 1991 by a US EPA competitive grant between 28 colleges and universities. NPPC's primary mission was to collect, develop, and disseminate educational materials on pollution prevention. Click here to watch the NPPC Overview video [11:51 minutes].
In 1997 the center's scope was broadened to focus on systems analysis and sustainability. The new name, Center for Sustainable Systems, reflected the shift in focus. Research became the primary activity, with education and outreach continuing as key goals.
Besides the growing library of research reports, journal articles and conference proceedings, our most popular publications are the Factsheets, that examine current trends of a particular system, such as Personal Transportation or Residential Buildings. Much of the research underpinning these resources is based on a methodology called Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a way of modeling the inputs and outputs (of materials, energy, desired product, and undesired pollution) of a system.
The Center continues to grow as it passes the 25-year milestone at the University of Michigan. More students are becoming involved through paid fellowships, Master's projects, internships, visiting scholars and volunteers.
Important Moments in CSS's History
2016 - 25th anniversary.
2011 - Peter M. Wege Lecture on Sustainability becomes an endowed lectureship.
2011 - Jonathan Bulkley, co-director of CSS, retires after 43 years of teaching.
2010 - Four new SNRE faculty join CSS.
2008 - His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama gives 'Earth Day Reflections' talk to 8,000 in Crisler Arena.
2007 - Engineering Sustainable Systems (ESS) dual Master's degree program with the College of Engineering and SNRE is launched.
2006 - Michigan at a Climate Crossroads report presents the impacts of ten strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the Michigan State Legislature and Office of the Governor.
2005 - SNRE Sustainable Systems Master's degree field of study opens for fall enrollment.
2005 - Alcoa Foundation Conservation and Sustainability Fellowship program supports six post-docs researching Enabling Technology for a Sustainable Energy Future.
2004 - Provost recognizes CSS as a permanent University Center.
2003 - CSS hosts the biennial meeting of the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE).
2003 - National Science Foundation (NSF) awards CSS $1.7 million for study of sustainable concrete infrastructure (MUSES project).
2002 - A prototype University of Michigan sustainability report is released by the Center.
2001 - The first annual Peter M. Wege Lecture on Sustainability is inaugurated by CSS.
1999 - The graduate certificate Program in Industrial Ecology (PIE) is established under CSS guidance.
1999 - The Wege Foundation pledges $1.8 million in support of the CSS endowment.
1997 - The external advisory board approves transition from National Pollution Prevention Center (NPPC) to Center for Sustainable Systems (CSS).
1994 - The EPA awards $0.5 million to NPPC for the development and demonstration of the Life Cycle Design Methodology.
1992 - The NPPC external advisory board holds its first meeting.
1992 - NPPC releases its first of 16 compendia (topic based collections of bibliographies, syllabi and case studies) on pollution prevention.
1991 - An EPA grant establishes the National Pollution Prevention Center (NPPC) at the University of Michigan.


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P!NK is a rare commodity in the music business; a pop singer who has credibility within the rock world and a rock singer who's achieved the status of a pop star. With worldwide hits such as Get The Party Started, Just Like A Pill and Stupid Girls under her belt, Pink is one of the world's most successful female stars to date.
See more info at pinkspage.com
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she is consistent, entertaining and each tour she ups her game which makes you wonder what she will pull out of the bag next time Louise from Huddersfield
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SPRING, Texas - Detectives are investigating at least one car burglary and stabbing at Carter's Country in Spring.
Before 5:30 p.m. on Saturday, Harris County Precinct 4 deputy constables said four people, three men and one woman, pulled up to the firearms retail store in the 6200 block of Treaschwig with the intention of breaking into cars.
Investigators said two were lookouts while two canvassed the cars.
It was at this point they said a 50-year-old man walking out of the store to his car caught one suspect inside. He confronted him and the two got into a struggle.
Several people heard the commotion and walked outside. The suspect managed to slip away but before he could escape, a witness ran after him and the two began to fight.
Fearing for his life, investigators said, the witness pulled out his pocket knife and stabbed the suspect.
Authorities said one of the lookouts ran over and started hitting the witness with his gun. Several people ran over to stop the suspect. They were able to hold both suspects down until investigators arrived on scene.
The four suspects were arrested. Authorities said one of them was taken to Ben Taub for his stab wound.
The suspects are facing felony charges including, burglary of a motor vehicle, aggravated assault and unlawfully carrying a handgun.
Copyright 2013 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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This animated short follows an unwanted baby who is passed from house to house until he is taken in and cared for by two homeless men. The film is the Canadian contribution to an hour-long feature film celebrating UNESCO's Year of the Child (1979). It illustrates one of the ten principles of the Declaration of Children's Rights: every child is entitled to a name and a nationality. The film took home an Oscar® for Best Animated Short Film.
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For over ten years, I have been using this wonderful film in my adult ESL classes in a variety of language skill and language learning contexts. I've used Norman McLaren's Neighbours too. :-)JEmbleton, 15 Nov 2016
Love the dog's "performance" :)Darcey007, 21 Nov 2014
Brilliant. I saw this one in elementary school, back when the teacher would thread up a projector and us kids would fight over who got to shut the blinds. The whole class probably liked it then, and this little gem will surely withstand the test of time.streetdreamfilms, 26 Apr 2010


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Video: Redskins Quarterback Is Now RG3rd String
This week, the NFL was dominated by news that once-star Redskins quarterback Robert Griffin III was being benched for the remainder of the season. Was it Mike Shanahan's bright idea in an effort to get fired? Is Griffin really that bad? Wall Street Journal NFL reporter Kevin Clark and sports editor Geoff Foster discuss on this week's NFL video. And it's not just Griffin who has flopped at quarterback. We discuss Baltimore's Joe Flacco (who is a huge disappointment) and Atlanta's Matt Ryan (Who doesn't deserve the heat he's getting). Plus analysis of Andrew Luck's alleged struggles this season and the Bears' quarterback dilemma.
All that plus upset picks, where once again, we think the teams in Florida are better than their records and the Las Vegas lines indicate.


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President Barack Obama is creating a new office to bolster education of African-American students.
The White House says the office will coordinate the work of communities and federal agencies to ensure that African-American youngsters are better prepared for high school, college and career.
Obama is announcing his election-year initiative Wednesday night in a speech to the civil rights group the National Urban League as he seeks to rally black voters. Aides say his executive order, to be signed Thursday, will set a goal of producing "a more effective continuum" of programs for African-American students.


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Students: Want to be a "world-changer" in Sustainability Design? ENVS is offering an exciting new course for Spring 2014 on creative problem solving and design-thinking for sustainability!
Contributed by Carol Hansen on 11/19/13
Xanthe Matychak, an Ithaca-based sustainability consultant, will be teaching Designing Games for Sustainability (ENVS 20203) on Mondays from 1 to 5 pm. She will work with you to design and manufacture board games and card games that address sustainability problems. Throughout this design process you'll experiment with effective methods for creativity, field research, prototyping, leadership, and game mechanics.
Xanthe is uniquely qualified to teach this course, as she has an MFA in Industrial Design (product design) from the Rochester Institute of Technology with a concentration in Sustainability. She has taught design-thinking and sustainability since 2005 and has lectured on these topics around the country. Currently Xanthe is a board member of Ithaca Generator, a community workshop with desktop manufacturing capabilities, as well as the Sustainability Cognoscente Network, the organization that hosts the International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology. She is also a mentor at Cornell's eLab (Entrepreneurship Lab), where she advises students on creative processes and new product development. Come join the fun – sophomores and above are welcome; world-changers preferred!
© Copyright Ithaca College. All rights reserved; unauthorized use prohibited. All material on this server is produced by our community but, except for designated pages, is neither approved nor verified by Ithaca College.


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In an ever-changing world, the need for preparedness has never been greater. Without notice the game can change and the rules no longer apply. Questioning your gear at a crucial moment is not an option. Whether setting up camp or securing your perimeter, the Original Zombie knives are designed to perform under the most rigorous, unexpected and apocalyptic situations.


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Smoked Trout and Garlic Cream on Rye Toasts
A few store-bought ingredients turn these toasts into an appetizer. Smoked trout and chopped cornichons perch atop a layer of garlic cream. Serve the appetizers with Amaretto-Bourbon Punch.
- Prep:
- Total Time:
- Servings: 8
- Yield: Makes 3 dozen
Source: Martha Stewart Living, December 2010
- 1 head garlic
- 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for drizzling
- Coarse salt and freshly ground pepper
- 9 slices rye bread
- 1/4 cup heavy cream
- 6 ounces smoked trout, flaked into small pieces
- 18 to 20 cornichons, sliced on the bias into 1-inch pieces
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Cut 1/2 inch off the top of garlic to expose the cloves, and transfer bulb to a piece of parchment-lined foil. Drizzle with oil, and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Wrap, and bake until soft, 45 minutes to 1 hour. Unwrap, and let cool.
Meanwhile, cut 36 rounds of bread using a 1 3/4-inch cookie cutter. Transfer to a baking sheet. Bake until golden around edges, about 20 minutes. Let cool.
Squeeze garlic into a food processor. Blend until almost smooth. Add cream, 1 tablespoon oil, and 1/2 teaspoon salt.
Spread 1/2 teaspoon garlic cream onto each toast, and top with trout and cornichons. Serve immediately.
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What was your first job? I worked in a newsagency.
What did you get paid? $8 an hour.
Are you a saver or a spender? A bit of both. I'd have an anxiety attack if I didn't have savings - I've been saving since I finished school. But I do a lot of travelling and a stupid amount of shopping too, so you have to try to balance it out.
What was your biggest splurge? Chanel or Gucci bag.
What was your best bargain? I find that vintage shopping is great for a bargain, such as a fur coat and old-school Levi's denim shorts.
What was the best thing you've gotten for free? M.A.C. make-up. Because a girl can't have too much lipstick!
What is your greatest money saving secret? I pack my lunch for work. I think buying lunch everyday really affects your bank account unnecessarily when you can bring what you have at home and save at least $100 a week. It all adds up.
What's the best piece of investment advice you have heard? A lot of my friends are bankers and property investors, so I'm always told to get together a deposit and buy an investment while I'm young.
What's the best piece of investment advice you've actually acted upon? Well, I've saved a decent deposit so that says something right!
Credit cards are: a) great; b) helpful; c) a poor investment; or d) work of the devil? Work of the devil. I won't ever own a credit card - that's what a debit card is for, people! It will keep you out of trouble.
If I were given $20,000 I would buy … a few pairs of shoes, bags and a holiday.
If I were given $20,000 I would invest in … an apartment.
I wish I had $1 for every time … I wanted to buy a Caramello Koala at work.
I'd be a millionaire if I gave up … shopping. These days I've got to stay away from internet shopping. That damn technology is sending me broke!


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AWARD winning choir Funky Voices is setting up in Purfleet next month.
The 800 strong choir is Essex and Suffolk's largest community choir and perform a variety of modern hits such as Stevie Wonder, Elton John and Queen.
Now they are offering the opportunity to get involved by joining the choir in Purfleet.
The group's first rehearsal will be on Thursday, May 1 at the High House Production Park, starting at 7.45pm.
The group have performed all over the world and have helped to raise over £260,000 for local and international charities since their formation in 2007.
Not set with already having played prestigious venues such as the London Palladium and Disneyland Paris and performing alongside the likes of Brit Award winner Blake, Funky Voices are set to tour New York next month to, where they'll sing at iconic landmarks such as Times Square and the Statue of Liberty.
The group most recently performed at London's Southbank Centre at the annual Chorus Festival, where hundreds of revellers gathered to watch their performance, and by Tower Bridge during the Munch Street Food festival (pictured).
For more information, go to www.funkyvoices.co.uk.


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CECIL, Ohio (AP) -- A highway in northwest Ohio is still closed a day after one person was killed in a pileup involving 10 tractor-trailers near the Indiana-Ohio state line.
The State Highway Patrol says it expects U.S. 24 to reopen late Wednesday morning.
The patrol says the victim in the crash was 28-year-old Ashley Messmann of Paulding.
Troopers say fog had limited visibility to only about 100 feet Tuesday morning when the victim drove onto the highway at an intersection and was hit by an oncoming tanker truck.
That set off a chain-reaction of crashes on the highway that links Toledo with Fort Wayne, Ind.
Nine others were hurt, but none of the injuries were life-threatening.


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Boolean Search
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Title: Letters of General John Forbes relating to the expedition agains Fort Duquesne in 1758: compiled from books in the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh for the Allegheny County Committee, Pennsylvania Society of the Colonial Dames of America
Authors: Forbes, John, 1710-1759, Stewart, Irene., National Society of the Colonial Dames of America, Pennsylvania., Allegheny County Committee.
Publication Info: Pittsburgh. Allegheny County Committee. 1927


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I'm using and ajax call with multiple fields
temp1='v1'; temp2='12'; temp3='Mary'; temp4='2'; temp5='A-'; temp6='unknown';
type: 'POST',
url: 'process.php',
data: {
version: temp1,
sessionnumber: temp2,
name: temp3,
numofhours: temp4,
testresult: temp5,
gradepointaverage: temp6
success: function(_log) {
and in process.php
$received = '
Data received for ' . $name .' '.$testresult. '
';
echo $received;
I want to append to $('#readout') a whole new set of data calculated off what was just sent. Such as a gradepointaverage calculated off other scores in mysql for that $name plus a new issued sessionnumber.
Would anyone know how to mod this code so I am sending back multiple fields?Is it possible to originate an ajax call from the php end at a later point in time?
Send back a JSON object as your response.
$data = array('version' => 'something', 'name' => 'somethingelse');
header("Content-Type: application/javascript");
echo json_encode($data);
Then you'll have an object in your AJAX callback instead of a string:
success: function(data) {
Not sure what you're talking about. JSON is a JavaScript response. As you can see, the AJAX callback gets a native JavaScript object you can directly access the properties of. You don't have to do anything to "turn the json back in to javascript".
I will start testing with a json object – thank you for pointing me in this direction.
Is it possible to initiate the ajax call from the server side?
Strictly speaking what is passed back is a string representation of an object - to convert it into an actual object you would call JSON.parse() on the string (which reverses what the json_encode call did in the PHP).
Can you put that another way?
It doesn't make sense to say "initiate the ajax call from the server side", since an AJAX call is by definition initiated from JavaScript, which runs on the client.
A situation where the server sends simple data or complex data (like json object) intermittently, the client side does not control the timing.What technology would this be ?
You do that through "long polling" or "Comet". The connection is still initiated by the client (via AJAX or websockets), but it sits open until the server responds -- intermittently, not immediately, only when there's something to send. When the client receives a response, it immediately starts a new connection to wait for the next message.
If you intend to have a lot of users online, you'll need a different web server for this. The standard Apache or IIS setup won't be able to accomodate holding all those open connections very well.
Got it! I was asking for my own curiosity and learning more than anything. My application will be just an ajax call witha json object passed back as you suggest. Thanks Dan
the server can respond with pure javascript, and a setTimeout or setInterval in pure javascript. So yes, the server can initiate intermittent responses.
I would say this is the best way. You do not leave a connection open, and if your site starts to bottleneck you won't be adding to the problem by creating more client-side calls