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text:
A Tale Of Two Thunderbolt Storage Devices: Seagate's GoFlex Desk and Western Digital's Thunderbolt Duoby Brian Dipert on 5/13/2012 7:52 PM EST
- Posted in
- Seagate
- Western Digital
- Thunderbolt
45 Comments
Back to Article
rruscio - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - linkI don't care much for speeds and feeds, but I care a lot about reliability and subsystem dis-integration.
When I get a cpu / memory 'box', that requires a Thunderbolt connection to a 'video card / cards' box, and a connection to a mass storage 'box', so that I can mix and match and replace/upgrade as needed, I'll care about Thunderbolt.
Till then, thanks, but really ...
rr Reply
StevoLincolnite - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - linkYeah I'm with you. I honestly couldn't give a rats about thunderbolt.
The only devices that I would personally see benefit from is External Hard Drives, and lets face it... USB 3 isn't exactly holding back mechanical drives much. (Except for exotic raid solutions.) Reply
peterfares - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkAnd eSATA is superior to USB 3.0 and equivalent to Thunderbolt in speed. It's also EXTREMELY cheap to implement, just costing the price of one USB/eSATA receptacle. Every chipset has at least 4 SATA ports, only 2 are usually used in most laptops (HDD, ODD). All you need to do for eSATA is route one of the SATA ports to the receptacle and you're done.
For eSATA hard drives
CPU->PCIe->SATA controller->HDD
For USB hard drives
CPU->PCIe->USB 3.0 Controller->SATA Controller->HDD
For Thunderbolt
CPU->PCIe->SATA controller->HDD
I believe the thunderbolt multiplexing chips do not affect performance Reply
Guspaz - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkeSATA itself is nearly useless. The two sticking points are that it's a port dedicated to nothing but external HDDs, and that it has no power and so you end up needing to plug your HDD into a wall socket or USB port anyhow. From a consumer standpoint, USB3 wins that by default because consumers don't want to carry around a power brick when they could just use USB3 and plug the drive in right there.
eSATAp (a combination USB and eSATA) port helps, and provides some power, but has issues the same. The USB standards body refuses to recognize them as valid USB ports, the eSATA part of the expansion is useless for anything but disks, and it doesn't provide enough power for 3.5" mobile drives (since it only does 2.5W). It also doesn't really jive with storage arrays, which want to expose something higher-level than SATA if they're doing hardware RAID.
USB3 helps: you get enough bandwidth for disks, but also for other high-bandwidth devices, and the 5W it provides is an improvement. It still can't do displays very well (USB displays are limited), but it's an improvement.
Thunderbolt improves more. 10W of power should be enough to power a desktop drive without external power, the throughput is plenty for anything we might want to do today, it can provide high throughput to more than just HDDs, it can do displays natively, it can daisy-chain which enables single-cable dock type things (like the Apple Cinema Display which you connect one cable and it gives you GigE, USB, display, audio, etc)...
There are also more than just HDDs that need high bandwidth connectivity too. Video capture for instance. Uncompressed 1080p60 is ~3 gigabit, or if you're doing 10-bit per channel, 3.7 gigabit. Uncompressed 4K at 60FPS like the Red One records at 10-bit is something like 17 gigabit. Thunderbolt can handle that. USB3 can't. There's also an element of forward-thinking here: it's better that you have enough throughput before you need it, rather than waiting for it to catch up.
Another thing is 10GigE. It needs a good chunk more bandwidth than USB3 can provide, and copper 10GigE PCIe cards have been on the market for years. The prices are still outside of consumer market levels, but they're coming down like anything does. Right now you can find Intel 10GBase-T PCIe cards for $400, and a 100ft Cat6a cable costs only $28 on monoprice. I'm sure other people can come up with more examples of high bandwidth things other than disk drives. Reply
MobiusStrip - Wednesday, May 16, 2012 - linkeSATA is a disgrace. What moron introduced a powerless I/O port in 2004?
And we keep seeing the same dumb comments about Thunderbolt: "Duh, no drives are this fast, so why do we need this?" Of course, that completely ignores the fact that you can daisy-chain several drives and a display off Thunderbolt at the same time.
Oh, and run USB and Ethernet over it as well.
People cheerlead AGAINST better technology now. It's pathetic. Reply
peterfares - Monday, May 14, 2012 - link"When I get a cpu / memory 'box', that requires a Thunderbolt connection to a 'video card / cards' box, and a connection to a mass storage 'box', so that I can mix and match and replace/upgrade as needed, I'll care about Thunderbolt."
So kind of like a desktop PC? Reply
Kiste - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkEh, you should try to get into the Mac user mindset here... it may not be rational, but it is what it is. Reply
name99 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkOh don't waste everyone's time.
Out in the real world, massive numbers of laptops are sold every year, and Thunderbolt targets them. Obviously a system that has 6 PCIe slots doesn't need a PCIe-over-cable solution. Reply
Kiste - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkSo it would make more sense to haul around a CPU-box, a GPU-box and a storage-box that you can mix and match with $50 cables?
That's mobile computing? Reply
DanNeely - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkAre you being deliberately obtuse?
The idea is to converge your gaming computer and your low power om the go ultra-portable system. We've sort of had this for years with business class laptops and docking stations which made connecting your external mouse/keyboard/monitors/power a single action, but we were still stuck with whatever crappy IGP was in the laptop itself.
Thunderbolt will combine everything except the power cable into a single plug while also giving support for an external GPU. A docking station could use thunderbolt for part of its interconnect combining everything into one item; while the reduced engineering costs needed to design it should be able to push the sticker price down. Reply
Grizzlebee - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - link"Not surprisingly, the RAID 0 striped results were roughly 2x faster than those either accessing a single drive at a time (JBOD and concatenated) or both drives simultaneously but in a mirrored fashion (RAID 1). "
Judging from the table data, you meant to say 1x faster or twice as fast. Great review though. Reply
bdipert - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - linkGood point, Grizzlebee, I'll tweak the text. Thanks for the kudos! Reply
Articuno - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - linkUSB has over two decades of backwards compatibility, has no patents controlling it, the royalties are optional and it's fast enough for 90% of tasks it's used for today. Thunderbolt may be faster, but it costs more in every aspect, has EXTREMELY low adoption rate across the board and still can't manage the "one cable for everything" idea Apple originally helped create it for because it uses copper wiring instead of fiber optics. Reply
repoman27 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkThe high cost of Thunderbolt devices compared to mainstream consumer gear has nothing to do with patents or royalties. It's actually insanely cheap compared to any other 20 or more Gbps, full-duplex over a single cable technology. There are plenty of people out there for whom having this type of technology is a serious aid to their workflow.
Point to another first generation I/O technology that had a higher adoption rate in its first 12 months.
Apple never espoused a "one cable for everything" idea, as is clearly evidenced by the fact that the Thunderbolt ports they added to the 2011 Macs are right next to... well, a bunch of other ports, including USB.
How exactly would Thunderbolt be better if it used fiber optics? For the short cable runs most users typically require, copper is still king. You can use a fiber optic cable with current Thunderbolt controllers if you like, it'll just cost more.
If the performance gain you get from a Thunderbolt enabled workflow isn't worth the couple hundred dollars extra that it would cost you, then don't shell out for it. But at least recognize that for some people, it's well worth it.
Just because you don't use something yourself, does not make it a failure. I've never personally needed to drive a semi-trailer truck, but I'm sure glad others do every day, and I would hardly categorize the entire class of vehicles as a failure. You may not realize how ubiquitous 1394 is, but rest assured, it continues to be quite useful to many folks out there. Reply
philipma1957 - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - linkIf you own a mac you have 3 options.
1) seagate thunderbolt 2.5 inch adapter apple cable and a 256gb ssd if sata 3 any larger has stability problems. I use a mushkin 240gb and a crucial m4 256gb fast stable use as os drive with mac minis. cost if you got the deal with the crucials at 199 the cost is 350 for a stable external boot drive.
2) next a lacie little big disk pull the 500gb drives and put in a pair of samsung series 810 ssds 256gb. in fact I am typing on that setup right now. cost 400 for the little big disk 50 cable and 600 for the ssds. 1050 and I sold the spare 500gb hdds. for 150 net is 900. pull the insane fan sounds like a effing mosquito on steroids. this was 900.
now you could build this for less if you got the 256gb crucials at 200. this would be 850. this is an outstanding os drive. rock steady in raid0
3) last buy the pegasus r6 use the software to run 2 raid0 setups. one with a raid0 for lion one with a raid0 for boot camp the other 2 drives are backup use it with a mac mini server or an imac cost is 1500 plus the ssds 4 of the crucials would have been 2300.
these units tested today are pretty much not getting what t-bolt is good for external ssd boot drive along with a raid0 for storage. they all run hot and they may not be stable. (time will tell) any of the setups I mention work and work well. they have ended the iMac my internal drive is trapped problem. Now usb3 would be almost as good for the 3 above it would only lag a lot to the pegasus. Reply
StormyParis - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - linkCan we please have the CPU load info? I remember my PC becoming so jerky as to be unusable during heavy USB2 I/O in the early days. Reply
bdipert - Sunday, May 13, 2012 - linkHi StormyParis, I mention CPU load to some degree on the 'Software RAID' page, related to the Thunderbolt Duo. Suffice it to say that in RAID 0 mode, the incremental CPU load specifically due to software RAID was miniscule (a few percentage points of one of the four 'cores'...two physical cores, further doubled to 'four' courtesy of HyperThreading support in the CPU), and in non-RAID modes for both the Seagate and WD drives, it was imperceptible for Thunderbolt alone. Reply
isulzer - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkIts a permissions issue.
The app cannot write to the root directory, so it fails.
Easiest way to get around this (if insecure) is to grant all users write access to the drive. Reply
bdipert - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkThanks for the feedback, isulzer, but the MacBook Pro SSD (which I was able to successfully run AJA on) is also that particular system's boot drive. Is the particular O/S part of the reason for the issue? The MBP runs Snow Leopard, the Mac mini runs Lion Reply
isulzer - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkIn lion and mountain lion, permissions on the boot drive are slightly different. Only System has write access. Everyone else has read only. So if you try to write a file to \ in Lion, you will have to authenticate. Reply
bdipert - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkThanks for the clarification, isulzer, very interesting! Reply
ssddaydream - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkOne thing that would be incredibly useful is direct PC to PC connection with USB 3.0 networking.
Anybody else down for 4.8 gbps transfers with a cheap $15 cable?
Apparently, all you need a USB 3.0 crossover cable and each computer motherboard with capable drivers.
Anandtech, can you guys take a look at this? Some things in this industry just boggle me, such as a lack of an obvious USB 3.0 networking solution...
Thanks! Reply
peterfares - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkWHY does Thunderbolt need to carry DisplayPort AND PCIe. Wouldn't it have been easier to add pins to a displayport receptacle or create a new port for the PCIe data? Why do we need these multiplexing chips in each device when we could have just used straight PCIe? Even better, integrate the PCIe lanes right into a USB receptacle. It's a data bus, should it not be in a data port?
If you want one cable to a docking station/display, they could have easily mandated that one Thunderbolt port must be right next to a displayport port. Reply
repoman27 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkApple was already shipping Macs with mini-DP connectors that were capable of pushing 17.28 Gbps worth of packetized data over a single cable. It's only common sense to look at that and say, "Wait a minute, why just use this for display data? Why not make it full-duplex and use it for transporting PCIe packets as well?"
Digital display interfaces are the only ports commonly found on PC's that are even in the ballpark of Thunderbolt from a bandwidth perspective, so the marriage of the two is actually fairly logical.
Mini DisplayPort connectors already pack 20 pins in a 33 mm^2 cross section. That's pretty dense, there's not really room for adding more pins. Plus, by keeping the same physical connector as mini-DP, it's easier to maintain backwards compatibility with existing DisplayPort gear.
Besides, adding more pins to the connector would mean adding more conductors to the cable, and Thunderbolt cables are already complex and expensive enough as is. Reply
Glindon - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkSo you'd rather have two cables hanging out of your computer than one? That's a silly argument. Why not have three or five then?
I don't get all the hate for thunderbolt. When intel first demoed it everyone was raving about how great it would be, but once it came on macs first everyone said how dumb and stupid it was. At least pcs are going to get it now so we can get more devices for it and then it can suddenly become "cool" again. Reply
aliasfox - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkActually, if I remember correctly, Intel tried to get LightPeak (as it was called while under development) integrated into a next generation USB port, but the consortium told them to take a hike - patents/royalties and customer confusion being named as primary issues with that implementation. That's when Apple stepped in and offered their mDP design - Apple was one of the originators, but it's a royalty free design as far as I've heard - part of the reason why AMD uses it for Eyefinity. Intel develops the tech, Apple offers the plug design, and in turn, gets first dibs on it.
Sony *did* implement a variant of TB/LightPeak on its Vaio Z (the one that has the external 6630m) that utilizes a USB port, but that's not standard. Reply
repoman27 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkBy "the consortium" I reckon you're referring to the USB-IF, which was actually formed by none other than Intel. I know that the USB-IF and Intel both frowned on Sony's non-standard implementation, despite the fact that it closely resembles a lot of the early demonstration hardware, but did Intel ever actually try to convince the group to sanction the adoption of a USB style connector for Light Peak?
Also, DisplayPort is a royalty free specification maintained by VESA. Apple developed the mDP connector and agreed to license it for free, and VESA subsequently included it in the DP 1.2 specification. This all happened over a year prior to Thunderbolt arriving on the scene.
I'm pretty sure Apple got first dibs on Thunderbolt because they agreed to buy 18 million additional chips from Intel in 2011 if they got an exclusive on it. Reply
Impulses - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkNice review and flyby of the current Thunderbolt market... The overuse of parenthesis on the first couple of pages was odd tho (almost like some were added by an editor?).
Anandtech seems pretty bullish on the virtues of Thunderbolt in general but outside of laptop/docking station scenarios I still see very little upside to it, and that prospect alone (plus the super high adoption cost) won't help propel the interface to wide adoption anytime soon.
It's a shame too because some of the long term applications that have yet to materialize are very appealing, things like external GPUs, etc. If costs don't drop fast enough it's gonna be Firewire all over again, hopefully Intel stands behind it long enough for that not to happen. Reply
name99 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - link"Its 480 Mbps theoretical peak bandwidth,"
Just like with WiFi, please for the love of god explain this stuff correctly. The issue is not that this is a "theoretical" or a "peak" bandwidth, it is that this is the PHY bandwidth, that is, it is the speed at which bits (all the bits) are dumped onto the wire (or into the air).
So why doesn't that match the actual goodput (ie the throughput of my file bits)?
The minor factor is that there is a variety of overhead that is required to correctly frame and describe each packet. There are bits that describe the purpose of the packet, its length, its source and destination, etc. In the case of WiFi (I don't know about USB2, but I expect these are necessary at the speeds of USB3) there are bits that allow the receiver to track how the signal is degraded as it travels and thereby compensate, and so on and so on.
The major factor is that these are not point to point links, they are shared, which means that some sort of protocol (a MAC) is required to decide who gets to talk at any given time, and how to recover when a mistake is made and two parties talk at the same time. Unfortunately the general rule for MACs is usually that people seem far less interested in working hard to make them efficient than they are in working hard to make the PHY efficient. So what one sees is that an awful lot of time is wasted in MAC overhead.
The historical pattern for WiFi has been that each release includes various new smarts that can allow the the MAC overhead to drop to about 25% (ie actual goodput under optimal conditions is around 75% of the PHY rate), but that the chip vendors actually implement only enough of these smarts (which are always labelled optional in the spec) to get this goodput to a little over 50%.
The historical pattern for USB, which has stood still for so long, is that at first we had the same sort of situation --- crappy MAC implementations that gave us a real world throughput of about 50% --- but, with nothing else to do, the chip vendors ramped up their chips to use every smart possible in the MAC, given us the current goodput under optimal conditions of about 65%. Point is --- the correct way to describe this is that USB2 has a PHY rate of 480Mbps, and an maximum goodput (taking into account both overhead bits and the MAC) of around 320Mbps.
The same is going to be just as true of something like Thunderbolt, when we get to the point of stressing it hard. There is a PHY rate, there are overhead bits for addressing, framing, packet description, training, etc; and there is some sort of MAC. I know nothing about the Thunderbolt MAC, and so have no opinion about whether it's an inspired or a crappy design (or the extent to which chips can make more or less efficient use of it). These would all be good topics for a future article. Reply
repoman27 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - link
Granted, Thunderbolt's 8b/10b encoding scheme reduced the effective peak bandwidth to 8 Gbps...

Thunderbolt provides a full 10 Gbps per channel to the upper layers—there's no 8b/10b in that figure. Anand achieved just over 8 Gbps of throughput with the Pegasus R6. Taking in to account other sources of PCIe overhead, such as packet framing and link maintenance, that number is about spot-on for a 10 Gbps link. Also, the PCIe data may be transported on more than one channel of a Thunderbolt cable, however the current controllers are limited to 10 Gbps of PCIe throughput because they only contain a single PCIe to Thunderbolt protocol adapter.

...perhaps, alternatively, the HDD is getting a portion of its power allocation supplied directly over the Thunderbolt link from the connected computer system.

I doubt either of these devices utilize bus power to a significant degree, because according to Apple, only the first device in a Thunderbolt chain can be bus powered.

Such a feature allows the system-side Thunderbolt controller to "see" each Thunderbolt Duo as a single bus peripheral, thereby enabling WD to accurately claim that you can daisy-chain numerous drives to each other and the system before you violate Apple's six-max specifications.

The 6 device limit only pertains to the number of Thunderbolt controllers that can be in a chain. You can hang as many PCIe attached devices as you like off of a single Thunderbolt controller. A good example of this is the Apple Thunderbolt Display—in System Information it shows up as many separate devices, but it still only counts as one Thunderbolt device.
As far as Thunderbolt product pricing goes, I think we're just looking at a scary BOM cost, which will hopefully be alleviated some with the arrival of Cactus and Port Ridge controllers.
And you can use the GoFlex desk adapter with any old drive, so I'm surprised you didn't give that a whirl. Reply
name99 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - link"Given that the PCI Express channel of the Thunderbolt interface delivers 10 Gbps of peak bandwidth in either direction, I next decided to see what would happen if I tethered the Seagate and WD drives together."
You can do even better than this. You should have been able, in Disk Utility, to create a striped drive consisting of the two WD drives and the Seagate drive. This would be gated by the speed of the slowest drive, so should give you around 360MB/s read and write speeds.
Disk Utility is not perfect, and god knows I've sent Apple long lists of ways it can be improved; but it is pretty awesome for basic things like creating either striped arrays or large concatenated arrays. Reply
bdipert - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkDear name99, that's a great idea. I'm traveling at the moment but will give it a shot when I get back in front of the Mac mini. I agree with you that it conceptually should work, and will be performance-gated by the drives in the Thunderbolt Duo. Reply
Torrijos - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkYou talked a bit about the impact of running a soft-RAID device being negligible, it would be nice to know the impact on the OS when pushing those mass storage devices to the limit.
I've bought an USB3 extension card for my mac and while transfer speed are great, OS responsiveness takes a hit every time a big transfer occurs (TM backups are a pain).
A formal test of the impact of USB 3, ThunderBolt would be nice. Reply
repoman27 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkHave you watched Activity Monitor during a TM backup to see what's being stressed? I usually associate the performance drop during TM backups with the crazy amount of small random reads that need to be performed on the system volume while you're still trying to use it. Reply
Draconian - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkSo basically, if you're really concerned about performance, an SSD using an old 3 Gbps connection will read and write twice as fast as a HDD using a Thunderbolt connection?
I would be interested in knowing what the results would be with a HDD using an eSATA connection. And of course USB 3.0. Reply
jabber - Monday, May 14, 2012 - link......companies selling 7N Thunderbolt cables that cost them $3 to make but selling them to audiophiles for $3000 a go. Reply
Glindon - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkEach connector of the thunderbolt cable has a small chip, which is why the cable costs so much. It's not just a $50 cable. iFixit has done a tear down of the cable if you want to check it out. Reply
repoman27 - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkThere are quite a few factors which make Thunderbolt cables expensive, being an active design is just one of them. If you ignore the bit about Thunderbolt being intended for iOS devices, the following blog post reveals quite a few details:
I think the snake oil salesmen that prey on the audiophiles will avoid Thunderbolt for some time, specifically because it is an expensive to manufacture, high bandwidth cable that can't be made for $3. A 2.0 m copper pipe that can carry 20 Gbps, full-duplex, plus bus power and out-of-band signaling just doesn't exist yet in the sub $20 realm. Reply
quiksilvr - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkYou pay an arm and a fucking leg for these things and they don't even have the god damn decency to give you the wire? Reply
CalaverasGrande - Monday, May 14, 2012 - linkJust like on the MAc centric forums, people can not look past their narrow usage scenario to accommodate other perspectives.
I work at a TV station, but have a background in audio production. In most prosumer studios, and quite a few mid level studios, firewire is the connection of choice for audio interface (soundcard). The high end audio interfaces have until recently all been either a PCIe card or Firewire. Add to the pile firewire based DSP such as the UAD-2 and firewire disk arrays used to insure fault tolerant and fast nearline storage.
In video production we really don't use 1394 anymore. But there are still some old boxes in use that have the mini connector. Often they get pressed into use as a transcoder or layback machine for formats we dont use natively anymore. We are all on Sony XDcam disk, which I would love to see as a consumer format!
I personally can't wait to see wider adoption of thunderbolt. I plan on upgrading to a T-bolt equipped mac after the next refresh of the MBP line. Reply
Death666Angel - Wednesday, May 16, 2012 - linkThis sentence is a bit misleading:
"a specific RPM at any particular time is dependent on both access requirements and sensed operating temperature." - This would suggest that this HDD runs with varying RPMs. This is not true. One HDD runs with one RPM. However, between the various HDDs among one charge there can be different RPM settings. So one Caviar Green "IntelliPower" runs with 5400 while the next runs with 5900. You will not see one 5400 unit suddenly run at 5900 because the temperatures are particularly low. Reply
bdipert - Saturday, May 19, 2012 - linkDear Death666Angel, I don't think you're correct. WD has told me on many occasions that the IntelliPower algorithm varies a drive's rotational speed over time as a function of performance demand and operating temperature. And past AnandTech writeups make similar statements:
for example Reply
wolfgang123usa - Thursday, July 12, 2012 - linkThe real advantage of Thunderbolt should be that it carries power, but special this feature is very limited, as the power pin on the connector is very small and shall carry 10Watts, Sata connectors, USB and other have bigger contact surfaces and/or multiple pins to carry power. The display port adapter was designed for a lot less power then 10watts, that's the current issue with Thunderbolt today. Some details can be found here:
When a self powered thunderbolt device is used it works fine and uses only about 22% overhead to encapsulate the PCIe bus, so the speed with fast SSD's like Samsung 830 series is really not bad. Reply
marmot_animal - Friday, July 13, 2012 - linkTwo months after this article was written, I find Thunderbolt options at the same phase, quite limited. So I bought the Seagate GoFlex Thunderbolt adapter for $$$ from B&H, plus the cable. Although expensive, it seems for the time being the least expensive approach, albeit a DIY approach, to use raw hard drives, of which I have an expanding collection for my video and audio projects.
If my research is correct, there are no official generic Tbolt docks, unlike the common USB3 (and earlier interfaces) docks on Tiger Direct. Although LaCie 2big bays appear to physically allow users to swap raw hard drives, LaCie voids the warranty in doing so. Obviously LaCie discourages a DIY approach and of course favors consumers to procure LaCie's aftermarket harddrive-installed bays. This is less of a diehard obstacle as opposed to WD's Caviar requirement. Conversely, I'm not into opening up enclosures to swap drives. It requires tools, is time-consuming, and is semi-permanent. My preference is to swap raw drives on-the-fly.
At least the GoFlex DIY hacker method works, and I secure the drive on the dock via rubber band technology. I report 'so far so good' with raw drives. I don't know precise speed details as long as I'm able to put the Tbolt bus to use, and it appears faster than any other bus I've used with FCPX. Too many companies try to hijack Tbolt by instilling proprietary constraints. Nevertheless, I find the GoFlex design with its generic SATA interface to be an extremely niche approach because most consumers won't want to seat a raw hard drive somewhat precariously in a dock not designed for such use. Reply
spanading - Saturday, October 06, 2012 - linkHonestly peps,
Why are people compairing the two. Yes USB is great if you are conneting things like HHD, Mice, Tablets, and the like, but remember you only have 5Gb in a single channel, one way maximum to play with, while thunderbolt has 20Gb when using both channels. True neither USB 3 nor Thunderbolt would be maxed out by a single HDD, but when connecting several data hungry devices at once, (which with thunderbolt can include monitors, and possible legacy port hubs, if they ever arrive) then USB will show the strain a lot quicker than thunderbolt.
Hence why you need a thunderbolt port? Well if all you are doing is plugging in one HHD over it it is probably overkill, BUT, if you like to have one of those new shiny Ultra books to use on the run but then want a fully fledged PC when you get home, Thunderbolt gives you this potential, but only having to connect 1 cable, rather than 3 or 4. Plus with it being compatible with PCi then you can have expansion cards to further enhance performance with out the need for a completely separate PC. Now before you complain ultra books have low spec CPUs, go and play with one that uses a SSD and see how much speed a traditional HDD sucks up while the system waits for data. As an example, my 2011 Mac book air has a 1.7 GHz dual core i5 with integrated graphic and only 4GB of memory, and on day to day tasks, is faster than my 2011 mac min server with a 2.0Ghz Quad core i7 with the same integrated graphics but 16 GB of RAM. In fact my macbook only struggles when the RAM is all used up, which is not very often .
I guess this is exactly what Dan Neely meant. Good on you Dan, I guess the USB people have not quite grasped the fundamental difference yet. Reply

subset: commoncrawl


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I don't think i'll ever use Firefox again. I much prefer Safari, Rockmelt, and Chrome to it. All are faster. All but Safari have better extensions and look more Mac-like.
And I thought Rockmelt was my dirty little browsing secret
I'm more interested in smooth zooming in Lion. Safari's fluid page zooming is what firefox really needs to keep me interested.
I used to use Firefox but now I believe Chrome is better. But my second option would be firefox
Chrome can block video ads just download Adblock at the google chrome web store it's all free
Frankly, I'm a little bewildered that there isn't some sort of default Lion-full-screen behavior for applications that lack explicit support themselves. This should be a global standard trait of any re-sizable application window, with default behavior if the developer didn't choose to do something special when in full screen. Not unlike how in Windows and other such GUI systems, where any re-sizable application window can be "maximized", without requiring anything special of the developer. So why does Lion?
The real reason most people want Full Screen support in Firefox is because Lion's Full Screen mode creates a seperate Space for the Full Screen app, which can then be switched between with gestures on your trackpad/mouse. Animations have nothing to do with it, unless you bought a Mac just because it's shinier and prettier than Windows.


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 6/5/2013 (1567 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
When the first wireless phone call was made on the MTS network 25 years ago, people would have laughed at you if you told them you would someday be able to watch the hockey game on your phone.
For one thing, the two-and-a-half-pound brick of a phone didn't have a screen. The other thing, at $4,000 per phone, was there weren't enough around to justify the technological innovation now swarming all over the mobile sector.
When the novelty technology was introduced in Manitoba 25 years ago (Motorola made the first wireless phone call in New York City 15 years before), there were only two cellphone towers here and ridiculously little coverage. Two years later, MTS had a whopping 25,000 subscribers for the sexy new technology.
Fast-forward from the late '80s and wireless is now the most important segment of MTS's business, with just shy of 500,000 wireless subscribers. It represents 37 per cent of its total revenue, with long-distance charges at about eight per cent and falling.
And the dynamic around the wireless phenomenon continues to change.
It's not about talking on the phone anymore. There's plenty of other things we use our smartphones for. Voice telephony on wireless is so last-century.
"It has really become a device that people do things on and actually talk very little on," said MTS president Kelvin Shepherd. "There's lots of email, a lot of video... communication that is not your traditional phone conversation."
It would have been hard to imagine that old Motorola brick-phone would be the precursor of the multi-dimensional smartphone of today that most of us use for a combination of camera/email/mobile computer/music-player/telephone.
MTS officials say smartphone applications such as making retail payments by tapping it at the point-of-sale receiver is around the corner.
When former Winnipeg mayor Bill Norrie made that first wireless call 25 years ago, the two cellphone towers in the province could handle just 15 calls at a time. Now wireless is the most lucrative piece of every telco's business.
In Manitoba alone, MTS's infrastructure has grown from the two towers -- one on a Portage and Main highrise, the other in West St. Paul -- to 200, covering 97 per cent of the province's population. There are about a million calls and texts per day bouncing through the busy system.
Telcos such as MTS are doing everything they can to make their network even more robust, because wireless-data usage is the fastest-growing piece of their business.
At MTS, wireless-data revenue is growing at about 30 per cent a year compared to a 9.5 per cent decline in long-distance revenue and a 3.9 per cent decline in revenue from local-access service. Even the nine per cent growth in revenue from high-speed Internet service is mild in comparison.
That's why the company continues to invest in expanding its wireless network.
MTS announced this week it would be expanding its 4G-LTE network, currently available in Winnipeg and Brandon only, to six more communities -- Steinbach, Selkirk, Portage la Prairie, Ste. Anne, Grand Beach and Victoria Beach.
The 4G-LTE network allows more data to be carried within the same amount of radio spectrum.
In addition to the six communities that will be added this year to the higher-capacity 4G-LTE network, the company plans further expansion in 2014.


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Representative: 'Katt Williams not serious about quitting comedy'
The First Sunday funnyman made the big announcement on Monday (03Dec12), hours after he was released from jail following a bar brawl in Seattle, Washington on Sunday (02Dec12).
The arrest appeared to tip Williams over the edge and in an on-camera interview with local news station KOMO TV, he told fans he was hanging up his microphone, admitting, "I'm kinda done".
However, a spokesman for his management team claims Williams wasn't serious about his retirement pledge and insists his current comedy tour will continue as planned.
A statement issued to TMZ.com reads: "Katt is definitely NOT retiring. He will be moving forward with the tour… Friday is Texas, Saturday New Orleans, and on to Alabama."
"The reason why he made remarks was due to him feeling totally disrespected by all the things that happened to him in the city of Seattle. He had a moment where he felt very unappreciated. He now just wants to move forward from those unfortunate events and give his fans outstanding shows from this point forward."
Meanwhile, Williams is facing more legal woes – he has been slapped with two counts of fourth degree misdemeanour assault relating to the weekend bar fight, after allegedly refusing to leave the World Sports Grille and threatening the manager with a pool cue. He is also accused of throwing a cigarette at a woman outside the venue.
The charges are the latest in a long line of legal issues for the star – he was arrested for reportedly pulling a gun on actor Faizon Love in October (12) and he was busted for battery in November (12).


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Heaven & Hell 'The Devil You Know' vs. Black Sabbath '13' – Make Some Noise Debate
Black Sabbath are one of the most iconic acts ever in metal, serving as the pioneers in the genre with Ozzy Osbourne fronting the band and continuing their excellence after his exit with Ronnie James Dio for a handful of albums on the '80s and '90s. Each frontman was revered for their eras with the group and it was with great anticipation that both eventually reunited with the band for new albums within the last decade. But which of their reunion efforts was better -- the Ronnie James Dio-led Heaven & Hell on 2009's 'The Devil You Know' or the Ozzy Osbourne-featuring Black Sabbath on 2013's '13' album?
Metallica's 'Enter Sandman' vs. Guns N' Roses' 'Welcome to the Jungle' – Make Some Noise Debate
Metallica and Guns N' Roses are two of the most celebrated bands in the history of hard rock and metal and part of what put both acts on the map was their creation of full-fledged rock anthems that have been embraced by music fans around the world. For Metallica, it was 'Enter Sandman' and Guns N' Roses gave us 'Welcome to the Jungle.' And while each band have had their fair share of hits, there's no denying that each song is the band's most familiar anthem.
K.K. Downing + Glenn Tipton vs. Adrian Smith + Dave Murray – Make Some Noise Debate
The guitar is an essential part to metal's success and there are numerous acts who've doubled up on the instrument to give it that much more focus in their overall sound. Two of these acts -- Judas Priest and Iron Maiden -- have become icons of metal due in large part to the massive riffs laid down by each of their guitarists.
Nirvana vs. Pearl Jam – Make Some Noise Debate
'70s Metal vs. Modern Metal – Make Some Noise Debate
Welcome to Make Some Noise, our new weekly debate feature in which Noisecreep's writers debate some of the key arguments in hard rock and metal. We lay out arguments for both sides of a debate, then leave it up to you to let us know which one you ultimately support by voting in the poll at the bottom of this post.
News From the Pit: Big Update From Slayer, Iron Maiden Rock a Million Fans
From The Vault: Pop Evil From Growing Pains to Success
From the Vault: Metallica's Kirk Hammett on Entering the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
We've started digging through the Noisecreep interview archives for our new feature called From the Vault. This series will transport you back in time, reflecting on some of the top names in rock and some of the interesting -- and in some cases prophetic -- things they had to say in years past that make for an interesting read.
Heavy Metal Look-Alikes: 10 Rockers and Their Doppelgangers
Separated at birth? Maybe the same person?
Maynard James Keenan Offers Tool and A Perfect Circle Plaques for Oklahoma Relief Effort
There was quite a bit of destruction in the aftermath of the recent Oklahoma tornados and one of the artists that's doing his part to help in the recovery is Tool and A Perfect Circle frontman Maynard James Keenan. The musician has donated a pair of platinum plaques signifying sales marks set by both of his bands.


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Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Contact for details
Welcome to RiverEdge Terrace, perfectly situated in Ocean View Hills near the San Diego South Bay area. Our apartments blend sophisticated living with elegant amenities and modern design. RiverEdge Terrace is conveniently near major commuter freeways, local shopping centers and some of the best entertainment venues in San Diego. Our apartments in Ocean View Hills are only minutes from the US-Mexico Border and the greater San Diego metro area. You'll discover a whole new style of luxury, comfort, and service at RiverEdge Terrace.
This pet friendly community welcomes your furry friends as well. Every residence in the RiverEdge Terrace Community comes with designer upgrades such as ceramic tile, granite counter tops and wood-style flooring. RiverEdge Terrace apartment homes include a full-sized washer and dryer, as well as, a direct-access private garage. Enjoy keyless entry and the comfort of open floor plans that include spacious closets and an over-sized private patio or balcony. The
Lease terms are variable. Please inquire with property staff.
Pet Policy: Pets Upon Approval Cats and Dogs Accepted. Pet rent is $50 for a dog and $35 for a cat. Restrictions apply.
Cats Allowed. Pets Accepted. Dogs Allowed. Call for service animal policy.
414 units
Contact Propertyor call
We like living here, but we feel like we are overcharged on rent. There is little special about this community Read More. Not every apartment has nice amenities, such as a new fridge or a ceiling fan. The office staff is just here. They don't seem to go out of their way anymore to communicate with residents, but are very friendly when you move in. My last apartment complex would send out a monthly newsletter and host events all the time. This office staff is just here to get people to move in. That seems about it.
It doesn't seem very kid friendly. There are no sidewalks for people to walk on, and the playground is small and geared more for older children, around 5 or so. I wish there was more kid friendly things, but we intend to move out before we get pregnant.
They just changed their parking rules, and it is causing quite a commotion. We have a few friends in the community and they are very upset because they will only give you a driveway pass (They will tow your car from your own driveway without that pass!!) and a guest pass, regardless of how many people are on your lease or how many cars. There is a ton of parking, but they are painting the parking spots and expect people to rent them for $25 a month, on top of already paying over $1800 a month for rent. It is overpriced and sad they feel like they need more money. We only have two cars so it isn't a huge deal to us, but now we cannot have friends over or they will get towed.
Honestly, go somewhere else. Try Greenfield or Casoleil. There is nothing special here, and for the price, you can find better.
November 14, 2012
Monday-Sunday: 10:00am-6:00pm
R & V Management Corporation
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When a child enters the world it is the job of the parent to make sure that he or she acquires the skills that are needed to survive this wild and unpredictable world. Even though we humans are raised differently from the hamadryas baboons and river otters, there is much that we have in common with them.
In a move that was made by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) four hamadryas baboons, Martijn (a male), and three females, Maya, Maud, and Krista, have relocated from the Emmen Zoo in the Netherlands to the Oakland Zoo. In addition to having new baboons we welcomed the birth of Martijn and Maya's baby, Mocha (our first baboon birth in more than two decades). Mocha is the only child in the baboon troop (group).
Mocha's upbringing is somewhat similar to raising a child. During her infancy, Mocha will be nursed by Mama Maya before she ventures out on her own (Daddy Martijn is not as hands-on when raising Mocha, but has been seen disciplining her if she gets out of line). Therefore Mocha will stay with her mama for some time. Maya will give her child rides around the Baboon Cliffs Exhibit (where the baboons reside). Maya will also teach Mocha how to eat food properly so that she'll be able to eat meals such as rabbits and protein-rich insects. Other females in the troop will provide Mocha rides but if she doesn't approve then she'll call her mom for a ride. After 10 months, Mocha's black hair her will change to brown indicating that she is no longer a baby. Once that happens Mocha will be mature enough to stand on her own. (Translation: No more free rides). However, Mocha will not be separated from the troop in the near future, but will find a new family when she is of reproduction age, which is around three to four years of age.
On February 24, 2013 Ginger, a river otter, gave birth to three male otter pups. Their names are Kohana, Hinto, and Shilah. Under the care of our zookeepers the pups were provided with health and care through weekly checkups and swimming lessons. The river otters can be seen at the River Otter Exhibit. The pups at the zoo have been off exhibit for two months. Now they are ready to make themselves known to the public.
An otter pup is born blind and does not begin swimming immediately until he or she gets the proper care from the mother. After a few months the pup ventures out into the wild and learns how to swim. Initially baby otters don't know how to swim. Just like us humans we have to be taught how to swim. The mother would show her pup how to swim by dragging/pushing them to the water so that he or she can get used to the water. It may look harsh but that's how the otter operates when they show their kids how to swim. Once a pup gets acquainted to their aquatic surroundings he or she begins to master the ability to swim by using webbed feet and a streamlined body to go through the water. Once that happens they will be able to hunt and travel in the water for a long amount of time (otters can swim for six hours).
The need to pass on what we learned to other creatures presents a commonality for all of us human and animal alike. Therefore one could say that we are not so different from the hamadryas baboons and river otters.


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Stars - Vanderbilt Museum and Planetarium
Hours: Friday 9pm; Saturday 2pm and 9pm; Sunday 2pm
Ages: All
Price: Daytime; $5 plus admission to museum; Evening: $9; $8 for students with IDs; $7 for children 12 and under.
180 Little Neck Road - 631-854-5579
Centerport, NY 11721
Description: Every star has a story. Some are as old as time, faint and almost forgotten. Others burn bright and end their lives in powerful explosions. New stars are created every day, born of vast clouds of gas and dust. Through every phase of their existence, stars release the energy that powers the Universe. Journey to the farthest reaches of the galaxy and experience both the awesome beauty and destructive power of Stars. The animation -- highlighted by astronauts, spacecraft, telescopes, nebulas, clusters, and more -- was created at the National Space Centre in Leicester, England, produced by Sudekum Planetarium and NSC Creative, and narrated by actor Mark Hamill. The Nashville Symphony Orchestra performed part of the soundtrack.


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PHILADELPHIA – With Rockwell Gym packed to the brim and the color pink everywhere, the University of Pennsylvania gymnastics team took second-place behind visiting Rutgers and ahead of West Chester Sunday afternoon in the Penn's 'Think Pink' meet.
The Quakers, along with Rutgers and West Chester donned special competition leotards featuring pink for the meet. Penn sponsored the event in which the gymnastics team sold t-shirts with the proceeds going to the Unite for Her Foundation, whose mission is to make a positive difference in the lives of women and girls by supporting and providing breast cancer and wellness programs that educate, empower and restore. Sue Weldon, President and Founder of Unite for Her, spoke before the meet thanking all the teams and those in attendance who participated in helping support the cause of fighting breast cancer.
In the competition, Penn scored a 190.850, to finish second behind Rutgers (193.675) and ahead of West Chester (190.650). After scoring a 190.550 last weekend, Sunday's score is the highest team total of the year for the Quakers.
Starting the afternoon on vault, Penn was led by junior Wynne Levy who recorded a 9.700, placing here just outside the top-three individuals for all competitors. Not too far behind Levy was Emily Paterson for Penn, scoring a 9.675.
Makeda Constable led Penn on bars, with a 9.600, followed by Diana Moock with a 9.525.
Penn had three strong beam routines, led by Carissa Lim (9.725) finishing in third-place overall on the event. Right behind her in a tie for fourth were Amber Woo and Kelly Tan, with 9.700 scores.
On floor Lim shined again for the Quakers placing in a tie for third with a 9.725. Junior Kaitlyn Reszkowski followed with a 9.700 and senior Nicki Valenti (9.675) and freshman Rachel Graham (9.650) right behind the two of them.
Penn will now turn its attention to the Ivy Classic next Sunday at Brown. The Quakers finished in third place last year, after winning the event in 2011 and 2012. The meet begins at 1 p.m.
Download: 2-16-14 NCAA Gymnastics Score Sheet.pdf


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Compared to last week, a light test of yearlings and a heavy test of longtime weaned calves weighing over 600 lbs (both bound for the feedlot) sold mostly steady. Lighter-weight steer and heifer calves traded weak to 5.00 lower in the Southeast and Southern Plains, while Northern Plains markets were uneven from 5.00 lower to 5.00 higher depending on whether or not local farmer-feeders produced enough row-crop income to offset.
The market was probably stronger than the trends indicate as receipts were fairly heavy, with only one more full-week of marketing activity left before buyers and sellers start winding down for the holiday break. Several major auction markets held special value-added sales this week in conjunction with their regular sale, like the OKC West-El Reno, OK Livestock Market which sold over 9600 head (many of which were put together early this fall to turn-out on wheat that never came up) and the Ozark's Regional Stockyard in West Plains, MO which boasted nearly 8400 head on Tuesday.
The southern Missouri market quoted most calves from 3.00-8.00 higher with new buyers on the seats and larger-more uniform bunches to choose from. Yearlings were also active with a fancy load of 834 lb steers selling at 149.25 just a stone's throw from the Arkansas border and at-least 3.00 freight from any major feedyard.
The middle two-thirds of the United States is entrenched in severe drought while both coasts have received flooding rains. Any significant form of moisture in the Plains and the Midwest would likely spark feeder markets, but for now the tight-supply driven rally is on hold. However, the dry and open weather in the 5 area feeding region is producing outstanding gains with pens regularly gaining over 4 lbs/day and some with an empty and "green" starting point closing-out after gaining over 5 lbs/day. This outstanding performance coupled with hog-like dressing percentages (up to 70 percent) from beta agonist feed additives are helping cattle feeders reach breakevens that were once thought impossible at current input costs and finished price.
The unseasonably warm weather is pleasant to both man and beast as record drought doesn't seem so bad in the wintertime. After considerable carryover, the fed cattle market late Friday afternoon developed light trade in Kansas with live sales trading a 1.00 lower at 124.00. This week's reported auction volume included 44 percent over 600 lbs and 40 percent heifers.


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Hello everybody,
I finally put together my CG Smokin' Pro this past weekend and I wanted to share some pictures with you all of the assembly. Please, let me know if you see anything wrong that I'm doing in these pictures. My instructions are not fully detailed.
Picture 01. Finally got it! ($139.99)
Picture 02. This is how well they pack it.
Picture 03. Everything is well packed in the inside.
Picture 04. Layout of all the parts.
IMPORTANT: Do NOT tighten any nuts & bolts until grill is fully assembly. Use only finger tight.
Picture 05. Step 1, connect one short leg with one long leg, then attach the braces.
Picture 06. Step 2, connect the other legs then place the bottom wire shelf in place.
Picture 07. Step 3, rotate legs upward and then connect both legs.
Picture 08. Step 4, install wheels. Note: no need of hammer, the hub caps went very easy.
Picture 09. Step 5, attach base assembly to bottom half of grill with 4 bolts.
Picture 10. Step 6, place SFB on the grill and secured w/bolts and nuts, nuts go inside of SFB, also insert spacer tubes.
Picture 11. Step 7, stand grill upright on legs.
Picture 12. Step 8, install front shelf brackets to grill, then the wood slats and the same time the support braces.
Picture 13. Step 9, insert the smokestack from inside of the hood. Install heat gauge and also the wood hood handle.
Picture 14. Step 10, install hood to bottom half of grill and secure it with hinge and clips.
Picture 15. Step 11, install front wood handle, the damper and small handle to the side door, as well as the large handle at the top of the SFB.
Picture 16. Step 12, install side shelf brackets to grill, then the wood slats.
IMPORTANT: Tighten all bolts and nuts at this time.
Picture 17. Step 13, assembly finished and ready to grill!!!
Picture 18. Step 14, seasoning the grill.
Picture 19. Step 15, this is after 1 hour of reapplying layers of oil, as per BBcue-Z instructions, added more charcoal and 4 pieces of mesquite wood.
Picture 20. Step 16, thermometer reading 425* ....but within 20 min. it was reading way far from 450*.
Picture 21. Step 17, reapplying oil for 3rd time. Here .... I guess the fire got to high ...so I closed the vents.
Picture 22. Well after let it sit for 3 more hours after 3rd apply of oil the grates looked dark, so I decided to place some pieces of fajita and chicken breasts (temp. was at 225*).
Sorry, no presentation of plate. (....too tired. )
Well I hope this will help someone who is thinking of buying the Char-Griller Smokin' Pro and wants to know a little about the assembly. Please, feel free to add any comments.
Happy grilling!


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Mary's Qualities IIRebus brain teasers use words or letters in interesting orientations to represent common phrases.
Can you figure out this rebus in terms of Mary?
Person -- Object -- Shared Quality
Bill -- Mountains -- Height
Jen -- Plains -- Color
Mary -- Hills -- Elderness
AnswerAs old as the hills.
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See another brain teaser just like this one...
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We love the growing tradition of "getting ready" robes. Not only are they wonderful (and incredibly practical) bridesmaids gifts, but they create stunning and memorable pre-wedding photos as well. We are completely swooning over these stunning garden-inspired kimono robes that we found on Plum Pretty Sugar. We can't get enough of the intricate floral details and lovely petal hues. Which design would you choose?
Credits: Image 1, Image 2, Image 3


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Man this place has been boring lately, probably everyone getting ready to hunt!
So do you find yourself hunting 1 or 2 select species even though you've hunted many other varieties or hope to hope other varieties?
Although I hunt whitetails every year and this is what I've hunted the most, when going out west I find that I've hunted elk and antelope more than anything else. I think I've only chased mulies once, although I want to chase these in the near future, perhaps 2013.


text:
The following information outlines the accessibility features of our standard web pages.
Cascading style sheets
Cascading style sheets (CSS) are used for presentation and layout of content where possible, with tables used at a minimum.
Our templates are now based on CSS3 and HTML5 standards both of which provide greater accessibility support and element definition, using standards to define areas such as the header, footer, nav, articles etc.
Other attributes within the template are WAI-ARIA elements. These attributes define the role of particular elements within a webpage/web application assisting accessibility devices to better communicate a web page to a user.
Although both the CSS3/HTML5 and the WAI-ARIA features are not yet fully supported by all screen readers and other devices they are now considered standards. This will mean all devices should provide greater support for these in the future.
Text navigation elements are used. No images are used to create navigation bars.
Navigation menus work properly with or without Javascript.
Text size
Text is scalable so that you can resize the text.
Most browsers have a feature that allows you to change text size.
- Internet Explorer - from the menu bar select View, then Text Size, and choose a suitable text size.
- Netscape 4.x - from the menu bar select View, then Increase Font or Decrease Font. Alternatively, using Ctrl ] (hold the control key [Mac users: command key] down and press the right square bracket key) will increase text size, while Ctrl [ (hold the control key down and press the left square bracket key) will decrease it.
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Further information
We will continue to improve the accessibility features of our website. Please direct any queries or questions to email@example.com .


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Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma
Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Cholangiocarcinoma
The prognosis of patients with biliary cancers is poor. Although surgery is potentially curative in selected patients, local recurrence is a common pattern of failure. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiation therapy improves local control and possibly survival. In locally advanced patients, radiation therapy provides palliation and may prolong survival. Concurrently administered chemotherapy may further enhance these results. Newer radiation therapy techniques, including intraluminal transcatheter brachytherapy, intraoperative radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, and three- and four-dimensional treatment planning, permit radiation dose escalation without significant increases in normal tissue toxicity, thereby increasing the effective radiation dose. Preliminary results of studies employing hepatic transplantation with radiation therapy are encouraging. Although these new approaches hold promise, the prognosis in patients with biliary cancers remains poor, and the integration of novel therapeutic strategies is indicated.
Carcinomas of the gallbladder and biliary system are rare, with an estimated 8,570 cases occurring in the United States in 2006.[1] Because the majority of patients with biliary cancers present with unresectable or metastatic disease, the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 10%.[2,3] Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment for patients with biliary carcinoma; however, only 10% to 35% of patients are potential candidates for surgery at presentation.[4-6] In resected patients, outcome is closely associated with the pathologic findings of depth of tumor penetration and nodal metastases.
For patients resected for cure, the prognosis remains poor with high local failure rates and associated morbidity and mortality.[7,8] Given these poor outcomes, further therapy should be considered in management. However, the role of adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy in resected patients is poorly defined given the rarity of this malignancy, low resection rates, and physician's therapeutic nihilism.
Importance of Local Tumor Control
Surgery is the only curative treatment modality in the management of patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder and bile duct cancer. Unfortunately, this subset constitutes only 10% to 35% of patients, with the overwhelming majority of patients presenting with locally advanced or metastatic disease. In patients undergoing "curative" resection, approximately half will experience local recurrence, resulting in death from biliary obstruction, sepsis, and/or liver failure.[9] Therefore, patients with gallbladder and biliary carcinomas are frequently treated palliatively. Survival rates are poor, ranging from 2 to 3 months in patients receiving medical management alone, 6 to 12 months for those undergoing surgical palliation, and 12 to 22 months for resected patients. Overall 5-year survival remains dismal at less than 10%.[10]
Radiation Therapy
The optimal radiation dose and schedule in the adjuvant and "definitive" treatment of biliary malignancies is unknown. Current practice guidelines are derived from nonrandomized and single-institution experiences, with selection bias favoring high-dose treatment in good performance patients.[11,12]
Investigators from Hospital Lyon in France reported that patients receiving doses ≥ 40 Gy experienced median survivals of 22 months vs 10 months in patients receiving ≤ 35 Gy.[11] Similarly, University of Pittsburgh investigators found that patients receiving radiation doses ≥ 45 Gy had improved median survival compared to those receiving < 45 Gy (11 vs 4.4 months).[13] Similar data were reported from Thomas Jefferson University investigators who retrospectively stratified patients by total radiation dose ≤ 55 Gy or > 55 Gy. In this study, patients received combined external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) as well as iridium (Ir)-192 brachytherapy. For patients receiving ≤ 55 Gy, median survival was 6 months and the 2-year survival rate was 0%, whereas for patients treated to > 55 Gy, these figures were 24 months and 48%. Median survival increased with escalating doses.[14]
In contrast, investigators from the University of Amsterdam showed no benefit to doses > 55 Gy compared to patients receiving ≤ 55 Gy.[15] Interpretation of these study results are complicated by heterogeneous disease stages, patient performance status, and variety of radiation therapy techniques and doses.
Operable Disease
Postoperative Radiotherapy
The role of radiation therapy for patients with resected cholangiocarcinoma is controversial. Pattern-of-failure analyses suggest that local failure following resection is common and the use of adjuvant radiation therapy is rational. Single-institution studies have attempted to clarify the role of adjuvant EBRT in resected patients and are discussed below.
An early study from the Massachusetts General Hospital reported the results of 13 patients following resection with curative intent. Patients receiving radiation therapy after surgery experienced a longer median survival (32 months) vs the nontreated cohort (13 months).[9] Duke University investigators recently analyzed the outcome of 22 patients with localized gallbladder carcinoma undergoing resection and adjuvant radiation therapy. Patients undergoing radical resection had improved survival compared to patients undergoing a simple cholecystectomy. Estimated 5-year survival for the entire cohort was 37%, which compared favorably to reported surgery alone results for similar patients.[16]
An EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) series retrospectively reviewed 112 patients with Klatskin tumors (tumors arising at the common hepatic duct bifurcation) and found a statistically improved survival in patients treated with resection and postoperative radiotherapy vs those with resection only (median survival: 19 vs 8.3 months; 3-year survival: 31% vs 10%).[17]
Investigators from Johns Hopkins Hospital described 96 patients with proximal cholangiocarcinoma treated surgically (41% curative resection, 14% noncurative resection, 45% palliative stenting). Overall, 66% of patients received postoperative EBRT. Patients undergoing gross total or subtotal resection had improved survival vs patients undergoing stenting only. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates in the resection group were 66%, 21%, and 8%, respectively, compared to 27%, 6%, and 0%, respectively, in the stenting-alone group. Improved 2-year survival was observed in stented patients receiving EBRT vs patients treated with stent only (10% vs 0%). Additionally, 5-year survival in resected patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy was 16% vs 0% with resection alone.[18]
In a report from the University of Amsterdam, 112 patients underwent resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Of the 91 patients surviving postoperatively, 20 patients had no additional treatment, 30 patients EBRT only, and 41 patients combined EBRT and intraluminal brachytherapy. Patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy experienced an improved median survival compared to those receiving no additional treatment (24 vs 8 months). The authors concluded that radiotherapy following resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma improved survival, although there was no apparent benefit of intraluminal brachytherapy.[19]
Investigators from the University of California at San Francisco described the outcome of 129 patients who underwent resection for bile duct carcinoma. Forty-five received EBRT and 22 received charged-particle radiation therapy. Median survival for surgery alone, surgery/EBRT and surgery/particle therapy was 6.5, 11, and 14 months, respectively.[20]
In contrast to previous reports, a follow-up study from Johns Hopkins investigators detailed a prospective, nonrandomized analysis of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Fifty patients underwent resection or palliative decompression for localized disease. Radiotherapy was delivered as EBRT alone or EBRT with intraluminal brachytherapy. For patients undergoing curative resection, no difference in median survival was seen whether or not patients received radiotherapy (20 months in both groups). Additionally, no significant difference in median survival was seen with the addition of radiation therapy in patients undergoing palliative surgery (8 vs 12.5 months). The authors concluded that postoperative radiation therapy did not improve survival.[21]
However, a more recent report from John Hopkins described 34 patients with distal common bile duct cholangiocarcinoma treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy with concurrent and maintenance fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Median survival was 37 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 35%. When compared to historical controls from the same institution treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy only (prior to the routine practice of adjuvant chemoradiation), patients receiving adjuvant therapy had a significantly longer survival (37 vs 22 months, P < .05).[22]
No definitive conclusions as to the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy can be drawn from these studies, although these and other data suggest improved local control and survival may be achieved with its use. A summary of postoperative EBRT studies is shown in Table 1.[1-23]
Preoperative Radiotherapy
Even with the addition of radiation therapy and chemotherapy to surgery, the risk of local recurrence in cholangiocarcinomas remains high. This experience has prompted investigation of novel treatment approaches to enhance local control and survival. Although there is limited experience with neoadjuvant treatment in biliary carcinoma, this strategy has potential advantages. By postponing surgical resection until completion of chemoradiation, patients with malignancy that is rapidly progressive may avoid unnecessary surgery with potential morbidity. Secondly, preoperative therapy may facilitate tumor downstaging and potentially convert an unresectable tumor to resectable status. Theoretically, preoperative therapy may reduce the risk of tumor seeding and dissemination at the time of resection, as well as allow delivery of treatment to disease with an intact vasculature. This may improve the therapeutic effect of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy via improved drug delivery and better tumor oxygenation, which renders cells more sensitive to radiation. Additionally, the morbidity and delayed recovery time associated with extensive surgical procedures may preclude the timely delivery of postoperative therapy in a high percentage of patients.[24,25]
A report from M.D. Anderson Cancer Center described nine patients (five hilar and four distal common duct cholangiocarcinoma) treated with preoperative chemoradiation therapy. Patients received continuous-infusion 5-FU (300 mg/m2/d) during EBRT. No residual carcinoma was seen in the surgical specimens in three of nine patients, whereas the tumors of the remaining six patients showed a range of histologic responses. The margin-negative resection rate was 100% for the preoperative chemoradiation group, compared with 54% for the surgery-alone group (P < .01). Patients receiving preoperative treatment did not experience significant treatment-related complications.[26]
Gerhards et al described 21 patients with proximal cholangiocarcinoma receiving low-dose preoperative irradiation of 10.5 Gy given over three fractions. None of these patients developed wound implantation, in contrast to a 20% rate of wound implantation in similar patients not receiving preoperative chemoradiation.[27] At Duke University Medical Center, marginally resectable and selected resectable patients with extra-hepatic biliary ductal cancers have received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (EBRT and 5-FU via continuous infusion or capecitabine [Xeloda]), followed by laparotomy and resection when feasible.


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 21/2/2013 (1643 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Miles GORRELL arrived in Winnipeg near the end of his career, but there was still quite a bit left in his 6-8, 300-pound-plus tank.
Gorrell was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame on Thursday along with the rest of the class of 2013.
Gorrell spent time with five teams in the CFL, but most notability with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, where he won his only Grey Cup in 1986.
Upon retirement, Gorrell ranked fourth all-time on the CFL service list with 19 seasons (321 games played).
"I had a lot of fun in Winnipeg playing with Chris Walby, the best offensive lineman I've ever seen play. Chris was also the only guy who could match me in the drinking department," said the 57-year-old Gorrell, via conference call Thursday evening.
"Winnipeg gave me a lot. The CFL was a place to make friends and I made a lot of friends and a lot of memories and I still have them all.
"My wife is from Winnipeg and one of my children was born there. It's a great CFL town with great fans and it was an honour to play for the Bombers.
A five-time divisional all-star and two-time finalist for Outstanding Lineman, Gorrell played for the Calgary Stampeders, Ottawa Rough Riders, Montreal Concordes, Tiger-Cats and Blue Bombers. He won that one Cup with Hamilton and played in two more with Winnipeg.
Walby still marvels at what Gorrell could do.
"Miles was the best athlete I ever played with. He did all-natural. No weightlifting or training. He was just gifted," said Walby.
"He was such a nice guy, too. I'd be out there trying to hurt guys and he was smiling after plays talking to them and asking, 'Where are we having beers after?' When he arrived, we didn't like each other but we instantly became friends. We sat beside each other in the locker-room and we'd stay there all night after games. This is way overdue. Miles is one of the all-time greats. On and off the field."
"Miles played over 300 games in the pit," said Walby. "Do you know how hard that it is to do? Punters are the only other guys that last 19 years and 300 games. They don't make them like Miles. They never did."
Gorrell's size made him a candidate for the NFL but the league down south never really turned his head.
"The money was about the same when I first came up and I never really even considered going to the NFL," said Gorrell. "I loved the CFL and I believed in it. I wouldn't trade one minute of my time in the CFL for any of the NFL's money."
The University of Ottawa, where he played his collegiate football, has named an award after him. The Miles Gorrell Award is handed out to the best offensive lineman.
-- Brian Fryer was drafted by the Washington Redskins 234th overall and signed a three-year deal with Washington. Fryer was only the second Canadian trained at a Canadian university to be drafted and signed by an NFL team.
In 1978, Fryer signed with the Edmonton Eskimos and won five straight Grey Cups.
-- Dan Ferrone played a total of 213 games in his career with stops in Toronto and Calgary.
Ferrone was an All-Eastern guard during the years 1983-87 and 1990-92, and an All-Western Guard in 1989. Ferrone was an All-Canadian guard in 1984, 1985, 1987, 1990 and 1991.
Ferrone played in four Grey Cup games, winning two of them in 1983 and 1991.
-- Earl Winfield spent his 11-year career with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats, making just one appearance in the Grey Cup during the 1989 season.
Upon retirement, Winfield was fourth all-time in the CFL with 41, 100-yard receiving games, 11th for combined yards with 14,804, and second with 11 punt returns for touchdowns.
-- John (Jake) Ireland was a CFL official for 555 games over 29 seasons. Ireland's first game as a CFL official was on June 12, 1979 when the Ottawa Rough Riders played the Montreal Alouettes.
During his career, Ireland was an official in 16 Grey Cups, and refereed four straight Grey Cups from 1985 to 1989. Ireland retired as an on-field official in 2008.
-- Don Loney coached St. Francis Xavier to a 133-31-2 record including nine conference titles, four Atlantic Bowl Championships, six Jewett Trophy Championships and one Canadian College Bowl championship.
Loney played eight seasons in the CFL with the Argonauts and the Ottawa Rough Riders, winning two Grey Cups and the Jeff Russel Trophy in 1950 for being the Most Valuable Player of the East.
email@example.com Twitter: @garylawless


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April 29, 2013
Wheaton senior Jesse Peterson has been invited to participate in the Carolina Panthers' upcoming Rookie Mini Camp.
April 22, 2013
Wheaton College hosts a live broadcast with Karl Clauson of AM 1160 WYLL, Chicago's Christian Talk Radio.
April 17, 2013
Freshman Kirsty Nitz is named 2013 CCIW Women's Swimmer of the Year and the first swimmer in school history to win three NCAA-III National Championships in the same year.
The Billy Graham Center Museum has mounted a special exhibit to honor the legacy of George Beverly Shea. Shea, a Grammy Award-winning vocalist who served with the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association for six decades, was 104.


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Schools & Colleges
A-Z Index | Find a Health Care Provider
Contact Us | Maps and Parking
Pediatric Transition Class is a class primarily for patients at the Barbara Davis Center for young adults transitioning from the Pediatric Clinic diabetes care to the Adult Clinic. The class utilizes a Conversation Map tool as well as slides to facilitate discussion and review of the following Diabetes 101 topics:
Find out if you are a good candidate for insulin pump/ CGM. Pros and Cons of Pumping/ CGM. Understand the process to get started on an insulin pump/ CGM at the BDC. Visit with the representatives from the major pump/ CGM companies to find out which device is right for you.
Learn what foods contain carbohydrates, understand portion control, and how much you should have each day. Is your A1c above the target of 7%? Do you have frequent hypo and hyperglycemia after meals? Getting ready to start insulin pump therapy? Are you finding it increasingly difficult to control your blood sugars? Are you tired of diabetes controlling your life? It's time for you to take control and understand your carbohydrate intake!
Patients will come to class at BDC to review inserting and button pushing of the CGM device. CGM is a device that provides "real-time" glucose readings and data about trends in glucose levels. It reads glucose levels under the skin (interstitial fluid) every 1-5 minutes. It provides alarms for high and low glucose levels. It works as a Behavior Modification Device. It displays and records glucose trending information throughout the day and night. It provides glucose direction and rate of change information to help you stay within your target glucose range. These concepts will be reviewed to help you understand how to best use your CGM.
Class: Pump StartDate/Time: SECOND WEDNESDAY of EACH MONTH 2PMPlease call to schedule at 303.724.6755
Insulin initiation for pump starts. The first 4 hours of this class is meeting with a diabetes educator to learn button pushing and infusion insertion for each insulin pump. After insulin is initiated, patients will meet to learn the theory behind insulin pumps and the goals of pump therapy. Advanced features of pump therapy will be reviewed at 2 week follow-up visit.
© The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate. All rights reserved.
Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. All trademarks are registered property of the University. Used by permission only.


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Aug 25, 2010 12:00AM
Viva la Vivienne!
On September 8th, join Vivienne Westwood in Active Resistance! Send your artwork to Westwood, and every day one of her favourite submitted pieces will be published online over the next 100 days. The end result? An exhibition of Westwood's favourite pieces. On the project, she says, "The principle idea of Active Resistance is that you get out of life what you put in and that real experience of the world involves thinking."


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With the economy in a constant state of flux, JDRF (Junior Diabetes Research Foundation) has come up with an innovative way to raise money for their cause. BedBrock Developers and its Owner, Richard Brock has offered to donate at least $250,000 from the sale of a $3,350,000 home to be built in Paradise Valley, AZ. In addition, any funds raised beyond the $3.4M will be donated to JDRF. On top of this profoundly generous donation, Sandra Wilken Luxury Properties, as the listing brokerage, will make a sizeable donation in 2013. Total donation could exceed $280,000.
The French villa inspired home, designed by Carson Poetzl Inc., will be called "Matt's House", named after Richard Brock's son, who currently lives among the 3 million Americans with Type 1 Diabetes and is the inspiration in structuring such a unique opportunity to raise awareness and funds for the ongoing research.
The 6,400 sq. ft. home will sit on a 1.06 acre lot and feature 4 bedrooms, 4.5 bathrooms, 5 car garage, an office, pool and spa.
"As the father of a diabetic son, I understand the challenges that families face and sincerely hope that the involvement of BedBrock Developers can make a difference in advancing research." says Richard Brock. He continues, "that house will always have special meaning to me."
"We are so thankful to the Brock Family for making this generous commitment to JDRF," said Cindy Adams, Executive Director. "The funds raised from the sale of "Matt's House" will help us make significant progress towards finding a cure for Type 1 Diabetes."
You may view a letter here written by Matt Brock to the future home owner.


text: Father (Captain) Kapaun was a veteran of World War II. In Korea, he was the Chaplain for the 8th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division. He was taken Prisoner of War by the North Koreans near Unsan, North Korea on November 2, 1950. He died at Pyoktong Camp #5 on May 23, 1951 after being denied medical treatment by his captors. His remains were not recovered. His name is inscribed on the Courts of the Missing at the Honolulu Memorial. For his outstanding service to his country, Father Kapaun was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star, the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman's Badge, the Korean Service Medal, the United Nations Service Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, the Korean Presidential Unit Citation, the Republic of Korea War Service Medal and the World War II Victory Medal.


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A shopping centre where two boys were stabbed in January has become a safe haven for people who feel their lives are in danger.
This means anyone who feels in danger in Croydon town centre can go to the Whitgift Centre and take shelter.
Anyone who feels unsafe can go to the information point, Centre Tower or Sainsbury's and talk to a member of staff and immediately be taken to a safe place.
Tomorrow's launch of the CitySafe Haven sheme comes after eight youth leaders from Croydon Citizens reached an agreement with the shopping centre's executive director Andrew Bauer.
The youth leaders were from Croydon College and Coulsdon College.
Coulsdon College student president Ismael Musoke, 18, said: "Young people in Croydon are too often in the news for negative reasons.
"It's important that we take action and get recognition for doing something positive for the borough.
And Patricia Uwagboe, 18, from Croydon College, said: "There's a popular saying that there's no place like home and this is because you feel safe at home.
"Croydon is our home and every resident should feel safe.
"That's why we're delighted that the Whitgift Centre has agreed to become a CitySafe Haven.
"Young people in Croydon love to use the Whitgift Centre and it's good to know that if we're ever feeling unsafe there's somewhere we can go."
CitySafe Havens are dedicated to the memory of Jimmy Mizen, the 16-year-old boy who was murdered in a bakery in Lee in 2008.
There are now more than 600 CitySafe Havens in London with an increasing number in Croydon including Tesco in Thornton Heath and the House of Reeves furniture store.


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- Contemporary Art at the Gardner
- ExhibitionsCurrent ExhibitionsForthcoming ExhibitionsPast Exhibitions
- Ambreen Butt: I Need a Hero
- Maurizio Cannavacciuolo: A Lecture on Martian History
- Rachel Perry: What Do You Really Want
- Charmaine Wheatley: Souvenirs
- Bharti Kher: Not All Who Wander Are Lost
- Jean-Michel Othoniel: Secret Flower Sculptures
- Nari Ward: Divination X
- Luisa Rabbia: Waterfall
- Carla Fernández: The Barefoot Designer: A Passion for Radical Design and Community
- Sophie Calle: Last Seen
- Hamra Abbas: Wall Hanging I
- Adam Pendleton: Untitled
- Raqs Media Collective: The Great Bare Mat & Constellation
- Stefano Arienti: Wild Carrot
- Luisa Lambri: Portrait
- Magic Moments: The Screen and the Eye–9 Artists 9 Projections
- (TAPESTRY) RADIO ON: New Work by Victoria Morton at the Gardner
- Points of View: 20 Years Artists-in-Residence at the Gardner
- Stefano Arienti: Ailanthus
- Danijel Zezelj: Once
- Taro Shinoda: Lunar Reflections
- Su-Mei Tse: Floating Memories
- Luisa Rabbia: Travels with Isabella, Travel Scrapbooks 1883/2008
- Cliff Evans: Empyrean
- Stefano Arienti: The Asian Shore
- Sculpture and Memory: Works from the Gardner and by Luigi Ontani
- Henrik Håkansson: Cyanopsitta spixii Case Study #001
- Michele Iodice: A Pagan Feast
- Variations On a Theme by Sol Lewitt and Paula Robison
- Danijel Zezelj: Stray Dogs
- Dayanita Singh: Chairs
- Maurizio Cannavacciuolo: TV Dinner
- Elaine Reichek: madamimadam
- Joseph Kosuth: Artist, Curator, Collector
- Nari Ward: Episodes: Bus Park & Forevermore
- Manfred Bischoff
- Ackroyd & Harvey: Presence
- Laura Owens
- Joan Bankemper: A Gardener's Diary
- Lee Mingwei: Living Room
- Josiah McElheny
- Abelardo Morell: Face to Face
- Mona Higuchi: Bamboo Echoes
- Juan Muñoz: Portrait of a Turkish Man Drawing
- Denise Marika: New Works by Denise Marika
- Dorit Cypis: The Body in the Picture
- Artists By 2010
- Multimedia
- Adam Pendleton working in the archives, 2008.
- Adam Pendleton looking at books in the Long Gallery, 2008
- Adam Pendleton looking a rare edition of Dante's Canto IV, Comedia del Divino Poeta Fiorentino, with commentary by Christopher Landino, 2008.
- Trevor Fairbrother, 2008 Scholar-in-Residence and Adam Pendleton, 2008.
Adam Pendleton
2008, 2010
Website: adampendleton.net
Adam Pendleton (b. 1984 USA) works in multiple media, including silkscreen, installation, performance, sculpture and text. His conceptual practice composes formal templates into which he slots information, shifting language, forms and images into the arena of artistic inquiry. Practicing extreme freedom of reference and quotation, as well as a rejection of conventional hierarchies among sources, Pendleton establishes new referential devices and displays. He adopts existing imagery and text, drawing on a wide range of cultural and political references, as a means to free them from their existing frameworks.
Pendleton's work has been exhibited nationally and internationally notably at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; the Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston; the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; the Studio Museum, New York; the Deutsche Guggenheim, Berlin; and the Tate Liverpool. Recent biennials and exhibitions include Greater New York, MoMA/PS1, Long Island City, New York;The Generational: Younger Than Jesus, New Museum, New York; Performa 07, New York; Manifesta 7, Trentino-South Tyrol, Italy;Object, The Undeniable Success of Operations, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam;Hey Hey Glossolalia, Creative Time, New York;Manifesto Marathon at The Serpentine Gallery, London;The Future as Disruption, The Kitchen, New York;Talk Show, ICA, London;Sympathy for the Devil: Art and Rock n' Roll since 1967, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, Chicago; After 1968: Contemporary Artists and the Civil Rights Legacy, High Museum, Atlanta; and ELTDK Amsterdama three-part exhibition organized by Kunstverein and de Appel, Amsterdam in 2009.
Adam Pendleton came to the Gardner Museum in the Fall of 2008 when the academic fervor of the city was in full swing. Pendleton attended lectures and events in Boston and in Cambridge and used his time at the Gardner to begin a new body of work, System of Display, which have featured prominently in his exhibitions since the winter of 2008. One of the System of Display works included in a solo exhibition in Berlin, Germany, incorporated the pattern of a silk furnishing fabric Mrs. Gardner originally used to cover the Yellow Room walls. Pendleton also spent many hours looking in the collection and in particular, studying the contents of the covered cases speckled throughout the galleries. In November, he was invited by Joan Jonas to participate in her second reiteration of Reading Dante, a live reading and video performance held during Gardner After Hours. Filmed excerpts from this performance are now incorporated into Jonas' current Reading Dante video piece.
Pendleton returned in December 2010 to perform a newly conceived work for the last Gardner After Hours program to be held in the Tapestry Room. This program entitled three scenes (variation one), used texts from sources the artist has been working with since 2007. It followed three scenes, a 2009 commission by Kunstverein (Amsterdam) in which material from all of Pendleton's performances to date was assembled and re-appropriated; invoking the notion of a retrospective. three scenes (variation one) incorporated a re-orchestrated interpretation of Stephin Merritt's pop song The Book of Love with vocalist Colin Killalea, a string quartet made up of Emily Deans, Marika Hughes, Yon Joo Lee and Mazz Swift, and a vocal solo by classically-trained singer Alicia Hall Moran.


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Gallery: Guinea-Bissau and Guinea (Conakry)Photographs posted by listentoafrica on Feb 6th, 2010
The journey through Guinea-Bissau and Guinea (Conakry). In this stretch, we travelled by bike, boat and, because of the unstable situation in Guinea at the time, by Land Rover, courtesy of the fine folks at Atlantic Rising. Photographs by Bex Sumner and Huw Williams, 2009.
Related gallery: Faces of the Bijagos (Guinea-Bissau) »
Related blog: Into Guinea-Bissau: drug barons, dogs' heads and difficult decisions »
Related blog: Guinea: a dash through a dashing country »
Related sound: The chain ferry to Guinea »
Related sound: The pirogue to Orango »
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