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Abstracts for the 40th Annual Midwest Conference on Andean and Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory
The Field Museum and University of Illinois at Chicago
25-26 February 2012
The Development of a Chemical Analytical Method to Identify Molecular Residues of Schinus molle (Poster)
Hans Barnard (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Department of Near Eastern Language and Cultures, UCLA), Ben T. Nigra (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA), Kym F. Faull (Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Semel Institute, UCLA)
The Wari state is known for the production of chicha de molle, from the fruits of the Schinus molle tree, while the Tiwanaku state seems to have produced little, but may have received this by trade or as tribute. Our research aims to develop a chemical analytical method to test ceramic vessels for Schinus molle residues. Archaeological samples are obtained from the Millo Complex in the Vitor Valley. Excavations here revealed clear evidence of contacts with the Wari and possibly also the Tiwanaku states. Reference materials are fresh Schinus molle extracts and clean pottery spiked with this.
Early Illustrations of Húanuco Pampa (Presentation)
Monica Barnes (Andean Past and American Museum of Natural History), Sumru Aricanli (American Museum of Natural History), Nina Cummings (Field Museum)
The discovery that John Murra made substantial changes to the architecture of Huánuco Pampa motivates our search for illustrations created before his intervention. In addition to published illustrations by Rivera and Tschudi, Raimondi, Squire, Weiner, Chalon, Enock, Harth-terré, V. von Hagen and Murra's photographs, we have located photos by John Todd Zimmer(1922, Field Museum), and by Pedro Rojas Ponce (1958, AMNH). We have obtained a high quality image of the 1786 map (British Library) previously known from crude reproductions in black line. We are creating a virtual graphic archive to serve as a basis for studying post-Incaic changes in the site's architecture.
El Niño and the Onset of Endemic Warfare on the North Coast of Peru in the Early Horizon and Early Intermediate Period? Exploring Climatic Change and Social Stress (Presentation)
Brian R. Billman (MOCHE, Inc and UNC Chapel Hill), Gary Huckleberry (University of Arizona), Jesus Briceño Roasrio (Ministerio de Cultura del Peru)
We examine the relationship between increased frequency of severe El Niño events and dramatic sociopolitical change at the start of the EIP on the north coast of Peru. Paleoflood evidence from the middle Moche Valley suggests increased flood frequency due to severe El Niño events between 400 B.C. and A.D. 200. Increased frequency of El Niños is confirmed by changes in shellfish assemblages at Gramalote and other coastal archaeological sites in the Moche Valley. This change in El Nino frequency correlates with increased conflict marked by defensive land-use patterns. However, we urge caution; a causal relationship between these phenomena cannot be assumed.
Fish Utilization at Gramalote, Peru (Poster)
Roberta Boczkiewicz (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Jean Hudson (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Rachel McTavish (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Jesús Briceño Rosario (Instituto Nacional de Cultura–La Libertad, Peru), Brian Billman (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and MOCHE, Inc)
Stratigraphic excavations at Gramalote, Peru in 2005 (Briceño and Billman 2008) yielded a total fish NISP of roughly 10,000 from Unit 18A. A subsample of fish bone selected to represent upper, middle, and lower parts of the stratigraphic sequence were identified at a more detailed taxonomic level using otoliths and other diagnostic elements. Ranked ubiquity across the 13 sampled proveniences found Sciaenidae (drums and croakers), sharks and rays most common. Identified genera include Engraulis and Sardinops (anchovies and sardines), Labrisomus and Scartichthys (kelpfish and blennies), Anisotremus and Isacia (grunts), Cynoscion, Paralonchurus and Sciaena (croakers and drums), and Galeichthys (sea catfish).
The Phenomenon of Ceremonial Trash in the Lurin Valley of Peru's Central Coast during the Initial Period (Presentation)
Richard Burger (Yale University) and Lucy Salazar
The disposal of ceremonial items in sub-floor pits or on terraces covered with thick clay deposits appears to have been a characteristic of the Manchay culture, judging from its presence at both Garagay and Cardal. A well-documented example of one such pit filled with ceremonial paraphernalia was documented at Cardal in 2008. This late Initial Period pit contained with numerous items of ceremonial trash, including carved bone snuffing paraphernalia, a large hollow ceramic figurine and a decapitated head. The contents of this pit will be described and the implications of its materials and its iconography will be briefly explored.
The Vitor Valley: A new window to the prehistory of the South Central Andes (Presentation)
Augusto Cardona Rosas (Instituto Nacional de Cultura del Peru), M. C. Lozada (University of Chicago), Hans Barnard (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Department of Near Eastern Language and Cultures, UCLA)
For 3 years we have conducted archaeological research in the Vitor Valley of southern Peru, including surveys as well as excavations of residential, ceremonial and mortuary contexts throughout the valley. Our data suggests that Wari exerted direct control in Vitor through the establishment of Millo, an extensive administrative center outside Ayacucho. While our research provides compelling evidence of Wari intrusion, our survey, excavation and ceramic data also indicates the coexistence of both Wari and the local formative tradition known as Ramadas in the valley. We discuss the nature of Wari occupation in the region and its relationship to Ramadas.
Deciduous Tooth Trait Data from San José de Moro: Preliminary Biodistance and Asymmetry Results (Poster)
Tanvi Chhatiawala (Department of Anthropology, Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne), Shawna Follis (Department of Anthropology, Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne)
Deciduous nonmetric tooth trait analyses for 80 subadults from the Middle Moche (500 - 650), Late Moche (650 - 800), and Terminal (AD 800 - 1050) periods from San José de Moro are reported here. Biodistance results using subadult tooth traits corroborate those from adult tooth trait analyses. Namely, that extra-local gene flow occurred through time into the Jequetepeque Valley. Tooth trait asymmetry, however - often used as an indicator of stress -exhibited little variation through time, suggesting either that subadults were buffered from stress while in the womb or that the Jequetepeque populations suffered equivalent levels of stress.
Connecting the Andes to the Amazon: Perspectives on Interregional Exchange and the Eastern Slopes during the Formative Period (Preliminary Investigation Results from the site of Huayurco) (Presentation)
Ryan Clasby (Yale University)
Discovered by Pedro Rojas in 1961 near the city of Jaén, Huayurco was one of the earliest Formative sites in the northeastern Andean slopes of Peru to be excavated. The recovery of exotic items and a local stone bowl industry led Rojas and Donald Lathrap to suggest that Huayurco helped to facilitate exchange between coastal, highland and Amazonian populations during the Early Horizon. Recently, excavation and survey were undertaken to explore this idea and to better elucidate the type of site at Huayurco. Preliminary results show that Huayurco had a complex occupational history with clear evidence for interregional exchange beginning in the Late Initial Period and continuing through the Early Horizon.
Magnetometry mapping of a Formative period village in Cusco, Peru (400-100 BC) (Poster)
Allison R. Davis (Oberlin College) and Tim Horsley (University of Michigan)
Yuthu is Formative period village divided into two sectors located 20 km northwest of Cusco. No architecture is visible on the surface, but previous excavations have shown that the Southern Sector is an artificial platform containing ceremonial architecture and the Northern Sector contains houses and domestic activity areas. The underlying sedimentary geology holds great potential for creating a village map by identifying cultural features based on magnetic anomalies. This map will allow us to: (1) understand previously excavated features in relationship to other structures and activity areas and (2) plan targeted future excavations of ceremonial and domestic structures.
Revisiting the Virú Valley Survey Project Using Digital Technology (Poster)
Jordan Downey (The University of Western Ontario) and Jean-François Millaire (The University of Western Ontario)
Recent research has shown that an incipient state formed in the Virú Valley on the north coast of Peru during the Virú time period (ca. 150 B.C. to A.D. 450). We examine ways by which we can investigate the social organization of the Virú state and its development out of the earlier Puerto Morin period (ca. 500 – 150 B.C.) by revisiting and reinterpreting Gordon Willey's original study of the valley's settlement patterns using satellite imagery, Geographical Information Systems (GIS), and field survey of the valley. These approaches offer valuable insights into the processes of statecraft in Virú.
What is local? Looking at early ceramic production in the Peruvian Highlands (Presentation)
Isabelle Druc (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
How do we define what is local and what is regional? What distance from a given site should the limit be? This issue is particularly important in production studies, as it is key to data interpretation and shaping our understanding of interaction systems, goods' movement, economics, and socio-cultural relationships. A broad review of the concept of local in the Peruvian highlands in regards to ceramic production will be presented, with concrete examples from the Formative centers of Kuntur Wasi and Chavin de Huantar.
Flowing Through Time: The Canal System of San Andrés, Chimborazo, Ecuador (Poster)
Guy S. Duke (University of Toronto)
The small town of San Andrés in the central highlands of Ecuador, at the base of Mt. Chimborazo in Chimborazo Province, utilizes a complex canal system that has been in use dating back to before the Spanish conquest. The system is still used today and is an important part of community identity. This poster traces the timeline for the use of this canal system, as it is currently understood, documenting the continued but dynamic importance of the canal system to the town of San Andrés since before the Spanish conquest to the present.
Architecture and Power in the Expansion of a Small Polity: A Study of Chancay Rural Elite Residences (Presentation)
Stacy Dunn (Tulane University)
This paper addresses community-level political and economic organization during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1100-1435) at Quipico, Huaura Valley, north-central coast of Peru. This area was part of the Chancay, a little-known polity that offers the opportunity to examine the reconfiguration and coalescence of regional powers in the space created after the collapse of Huari and Tiwanaku empires and prior to Inca expansion. What form did Chancay organization take, and in particular, how was it manifested in the Huaura Valley? Excavation and architectural analysis suggest that these elite residences also served as storage and redistribution centers for the Chancay hinterland.
Faunal Remains from Gramalote, Peru: Contexts and Overview (Poster)
Jean Hudson (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Roberta Boczkiewicz (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Rachel McTavish (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Jesús Briceño Rosario (Instituto Nacional de Cultura–La Libertad, Peru) , Brian Billman (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and MOCHE, Inc)
Gramalote is a coastal site located near the mouth of the Moche valley in Peru. Early work by Pozorski provided Initial Period dates and suggested the development of subsistence trade between coastal fishers and interior farmers (Pozorski 1978, 1983). Excavations by Briceño in 2005 (Briceño and Billman 2008) produced a deep stratified sample. The UWM Zooarchaeology Lab completed its second season of lab work in Peru in 2011, resulting in identification of over 22,000 vertebrate remains. Preliminary results and new radiocarbon dates are reported here. Associated posters by Boczkiewicz and McTavish focus respectively on details of fish taxa and chronological shifts in the role of fish versus mammals.
Telluric Urbanism: Lithic Transformations in the Production of Tiwanaku (Presentation)
John W. Janusek (Vanderbilt University), Patrick Ryan Williams (Field Museum of Natural History), Mark Golitko (Field Museum of Natural History), Carlos Lemuz Aguirre (Sociedad de Arqueologia de La Paz)
For centuries, Tiwanaku has been known for its lithic monumentality. Our recent research indicates that specific material elements of its monumentality helped propel it to urban and sociopolitical centrality during the Andean Middle Horizon. In this paper we present results of our ongoing research into Tiwanaku stone sourcing and lithic production. We focus on results of sourcing of sedimentary (primarily sandstone) and volcanic (primarily andesite) carved stones at Tiwanaku and surrounding sites, and on raw samples from geological outcrops surrounding the southern Lake Titicaca Basin. We suggest that stone quarrying and production were inherently political, and that key transformations in the materiality of monumental stone technologies- from primarily sandstone to volcanic stone integrated with sandstone- helped produce Tiwanaku as a primary urban center in the southern Andes.
Por Ser Todos Cañares: Being Cañari In Late 17th Century Cuzco, Peru (Presentation)
Bradford M. Jones (Texas Historical Commission)
In 1685, ayllus in the Parish of Santa Ana began litigation over agricultural fields located on the slopes of Carmenga in Cuzco, Peru. Though at one juncture the Corregidor and Justicia Mayor of Cuzco, Pedro de Balvin, identifies the litigants as "all Cañares", the document reveals the involvement of ayllus composed of the descendants of Cañari, Chachapoya, Guanca and other non-Inka groups. Through an analysis of how identity is marked in the litigation, I will show how context, history, and local and colonial knowledge gave multiple meanings to being Cañari in late 17th century Cuzco.
Feasting Rituals of Huaca Colorada (Poster)
Sally Lynch (University of Toronto)
Cajamarca serving vessels at Huaca Colorada, a late Moche site in the Jequetepeque Valley, attests to contact between Moche elites and highland communities. Archaeologists have differently argued that the presence of Cajamarca ceramics point to either the selective incorporation of foreign status symbols or indicate instead the conquest of the Jequetepeque Valley by Highland polities. My analysis of the types and distribution of Cajamarca and fineline Moche ceramics at Huaca Colorada will show that local elites staged feasting rituals of different scales and political meaning, evidence which strongly suggest that Cajamarca pottery cannot be interpreted as diacritics of highland conquest.
A patterned distribution of stamped designs on paleteada vessel fragments in the Great Plaza of the Middle Sicán capital (Presentation)
Go Matsumoto (Southern Illinois University at Carbondale), Fukutaro Kudo (Katoh Construction Co., Ltd.), Rie Maruyama (Katoh Construction Co., Ltd.)
This paper reports the results of our recent stylistic and technological analyses of food vessels excavated from the Great Plaza of the multiethnic Middle Sicán capital. The analyses revealed that the vessels were significantly different in style (morphology and decorative feature) and production quality. The ritual space in the plaza seems to have been segmented and used by various people different in cultural ethnicity represented by different stamped designs on their vessels. Each group of shared cultural ethnicity is likely to have consisted of people different in social status represented by different styles and production qualities of the vessels.
Chronological Patterns in Vertebrate Taxa at Gramalote, Peru (Poster)
Rachel McTavish (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Jean Hudson (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Roberta Boczkiewicz (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee), Jesús Briceño Rosario (Instituto Nacional de Cultura–La Libertad, Peru) , Brian Billman (University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and MOCHE, Inc)
Over 22,000 fragments of animal bone have been identified for the Initial Period coastal site of Gramalote, Peru. This sample is a result of the 2005 excavations at the site directed by Jesus Briceño Rosario (Briceño and Billman 2008). To better understand possible chronological shifts in the importance of fish versus mammals, we focused on a subsample of 7233 fragments for midden contexts spanning the stratigraphic sequence. Using bone weight as a proxy for dietary ranking our analysis shows increasing reliance on fish over time. Living surfaces show divergence from the midden pattern.
When Chavin Came Around: The Initial Period and Early Horizon Occupation of Malpaso and Its Implications for the Central Coast of Peru (Presentation)
Christopher Milan (Yale University)
Malpaso is a temple located in the middle Lurin valley associated with the Manchay culture, a group typified by large U-shaped ceremonial centers found around Lima. Over two field seasons, excavations have shown that Malpaso was occupied in the Initial Period and contemporary with nearby U-shaped temples and during the Early Horizon, after those temples had been abandoned. This paper will look at the transition from the Initial Period to Early Horizon through changes made to the temple and its relationship with nearby sites, showing a substantial shift in the organization of the central coast from numerous local temples to a few regional centers.
The Petroglyphs and Pictographs of Site X02, Nasca Valley (Río Grande de Nasca Drainage, Department of Ica, Peru): Analysis and Context (Presentation)
Ana Nieves (Northeastern Illinois University) , Gori Tumi Echevarría (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and Asociación Peruana de Arte Rupestre)
Nasca valley rock art site X02, first documented in Nieves' 2007 dissertation, includes examples of petroglyphs and pictographs of different types and styles. Although some of the petroglyphs can be dated to the Early Horizon, many cannot be dated based simply on their iconography. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the site's rock art based on a formal study of the images and comparisons to other south coast rock art sites. We then use these figure types to propose a basic sequence and tentative chronology for site X02, advancing a hypothesis for the site's cultural context.
Directing Traffic: A Survey of Space and Movement in the Vitor Valley, Peru (Poster)
Benjamin Nigra (UCLA) and Augusto Cardona Rosas (Instituto Nacional de Cultura del Peru)
As early as the Formative Period, the Vitor Valley served as an agricultural oasis and corridor for movement between the southern highlands and the Pacific. Survey in 2011 identified 29 pre-Columbian sites belonging to Wari, Inka, and La Ramada traditions. While Ramada remains are spread across the valley, Wari sites cluster around ancient roadways linking the valley bottom with the surrounding pampa. The strategic placement of sites allowed Wari to control movement into Vitor. This was accomplished via direct observation over throughways, placement of sites at bottlenecks, and construction of infrastructure to encourage use of certain paths over possible alternatives.
Dietary Diversity in the Prehistoric Atacama Desert, an Initial Approximation of Regional Patterns (Poster)
William J. Pestle, Christina Torres-Rouff, Mark Hubbe, Francisca Santana S., Gonzalo Pimentel, Francisco Gallardo, and Kelly J. Knudson
Recent archaeological and bioarchaeological research in northern Chile's Atacama Desert has provided the first glimpses into the region's prehistoric dietary variation. Here we present first interpretations of paleodietary information from the area based on stable isotope analyses of archaeological human skeletal remains from the Formative Period, Middle Horizon, and Late Intermediate Period. While one might imagine that the dramatic geographic boundaries of northern Chile's mountains and deserts would produce dramatic differences in diet between coastal populations and those of the interior, current understandings of the high levels of interregional interaction in the area suggest that the picture is more complex.
Marca Jirca Site: A Recuay Funerary Complex in the Callejón de Huaylas, Peru (Presentation)
Victor M Ponte (University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee)
Archaeological data collected from cultural resource management projects in the Callejón de Huaylas near the city of Huaraz, Perú, have provided important data for the understanding of Recuay burial patterns. Although most of the tombs have been disturbed or looted, some subterranean structures, especially at the Marca Jirca site remain undisturbed. In this area secondary burials with body parts were placed in an elaborate complex of stone boxes, which accompanied larger chambers as a part of a mortuary ritual. Finally, an interesting case of revisiting a Marca Jirca's tomb, and appropriation of grave goods carried out in a later event also will be discussed.
Space, Place and Historical Process at Late Formative Kala Uyuni (Presentation)
Andy Roddick (McMaster University), Maria Bruno (Dickinson College), Christine Hastorf (UC Berkeley)
Since 2003 the Taraco Archaeological Project (TAP) has investigated a number of Late Formative sites on the Taraco Peninsula, in the Lake Titicaca Basin (Bolivia). Kala Uyuni, one of the better preserved sites, exemplifies the complexity of village occupation during the important Late Formative Period. In this paper we present the results of three seasons of excavations, highlighting the traces of generations of local place-making practices, including the evidence for shifting architectural choices and the changing use of Late Formative space. We briefly discuss the implications of the project's findings to current regional debates of sociopolitical process.
Water Availability during Prehispanic Human Settlement in the Atacama Desert (Poster)
Mario A. Rivera (Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin), Justin P. Dodd (Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois), Daniel E. Shea (Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin)
The Atacama Desert is among the driest regions on Earth, and accessibility to water is critical to the settlement of humans. Drought resistant trees such as Prosopis tamarugo indicate fluctuations in regional moisture availability over the past 10ka. Oxygen isotope data from fragments of P. tamarugo wood record sub-seasonal variations in moisture availability/ water source at La Tirana Refresco (modern), Ramaditas (2615 Cal BP), and Llamara (9130 and 7910/7870 Cal BP). These data provide critical information about how water availability and land-use in Pampa del Tamarugal affected the development of fundamental aspects of Prehispanic economy, political organization, and power relations.
An archaeological and ethnohistorical approach to the colonial wine industry in the valley of Vitor (Poster)
Evan B. Robinson (University of Chicago), M. C. Lozada (University of Chicago), Willeke Wendrich (UCLA)
A critical part of the Vitor Archaeological Project has been the survey of colonial sites of wine production throughout this valley in southern Peru. At least 55 bodegas were recorded, varying in size and condition, some of which are still in use. These sites serve as a testimonial to the remarkable transformation of the local landscape, the indigenous identity and social dynamics within the Vitor Valley in response to the introduction of European viticulture traditions. Our ethnohistorical research sheds light on the Andean trade system of wine and examines the economic impact of this colonial industry throughout the region.
Late Valdivia Phase Ceramics: Chronological and Regional Clarifications (Poster)
Sarah M. Rowe (University of Illinois)
This poster presents the ceramic seriation results from Buen Suceso, a stratified Late Valdivia site in southern coastal Ecuador. My work builds on Betsy Hill's seriation which was limited in the Late and Terminal phases of Valdivia, as these periods were represented only by surface collections and arbitrarily divided into 150 year periods. Overlapping occupation at Buen Suceso extending from Middle to Terminal Valdivia has allowed for comparison with ceramic seriations from other sites and, most critically, directly addresses weaknesses in the current Valdivia ceramic chronology, leading toward a refined understanding of the periodicity of ceramic change during this time.
Mapping the community: Initial results from the Proyecto Aqueológico Cerro Colorado de Huacho, Huaura Valley, Peru (Poster)
Allen M. Rutherford (Tulane University)
Researchers in the Peruvian Andes have long been interested in how Late Intermediate Period political, social, economic, and environmental instability was managed regionally. Andean communities adopted an array of strategies to manage risk including shifts in settlement patterns, diversification of subsistence, and in some cases political decentralization. The Proyecto Arqueológico Cerro Colorado de Huacho is designed to address how one coastal LIP community responded to instability with an emphasis on developing an understanding of regional economic and political structure. This poster presents the findings of initial surface and sub-surface mapping at Cerro Colorado and a discussion of future goals.
Ethnicity and Culture in Andean Archaeology (Presentation)
Emily Stovel (Instituto de Investigación Arqueológica y Museo Gustave Le Paige, Universidad Católica del Norte & Ripon College)
New understandings of ethnicity inject less static, contextualized identity construction into our models of the past. Methodological approaches, however, do not always follow suit, favoring normative synchronic comparisons. This paper explores the study of ethnic groups and ethnicity in Andean Archaeology, examining best practices in the literature and making recommendations concerning the adoption of local, contextual, and diachronic methods in conjunction with multiple lines of evidence, all of which are more likely to identify the processes of identity construction by rendering explicit the relationships among culture, ethnicity, and the use of emblematic material culture.
Phenetic Relatedness Among the Moche (AD 200 – 750) of the North Coast of Perú: A Comparison of the Skeletal Populations from San José de Moro to those from the Moche Valley (Presentation)
Richard C. Sutter, Department of Anthropology (Indiana U – Purdue U Fort Wayne)
Biodistance comparisons of Middle (AD 500 – 650), Late (AD 650 – 750), and Transitional (AD750 – 800) period skeletal samples from San José de Moro to previously reported Middle period sample from the nearby Lambayeque Valley site Pacatnamú and eight contemporaneous samples from the Moche Valley indicate that increased extra-local gene flow occurred into the Jequetepeque Valley during the collapse of the Moche. The broader implications of these results for our understanding of the collapse of the Moche are discussed.
Want Not the Waste? Seabird Guano Use in the Prehispanic Andes (Presentation)
Paul Szpak (The University of Western Ontario), Fred Longstaffe (The University of Western Ontario), Jean-François Millaire (The University of Western Ontario), Christine White (The University of Western Ontario)
This paper summarizes results from growth chamber and field studies examining the effects of seabird guano fertilization on the stable isotopic composition of maize. The results are discussed in light of isotopic data obtained from human and animal remains from the Andes. In particular, isotopic data obtained thus far from Moche sites, suggest that seabird guano did not play a significant role as a fertilizer, even though guano-related imagery occurs regularly in Moche material culture, and numerous Moche offerings were recovered from the guano islands in the nineteenth century.
The earliest fortified settlements of the Acari Valley, Peru (Presentation)
Lidio M. Valdez (MacEwan University, Canada)
This paper explores the fortified aspect of the early Early Intermediate Period (ca. 50 BC – AD 350) sites of the Acari Valley, on the south coast of Peru, using as a starting point the site of Tambo Viejo. A map of Tambo Viejo originally prepared in 1954 is assessed in light of new archaeological evidence coming from the valley. A consideration of the location and the layout of the site, in addition to the walls the surround it, strongly indicate that Tambo Viejo was one of the earliest fortified sites of the entire Peruvian south coast region. The presence in the valley of several relatively large and fortified sites, each of them separated by buffer zones, suggests that at that time conflict had emerged in the region as the inhabitants of the various settlements fought each other for the scarce resources of an environmentally circumscribed valley.
A Taste of Tiwanaku: Daily Culinary Practices in an Ancient Andean Urban Neighborhood (Presentation)
Claudine Vallières (IPFW)
New research at Tiwanaku investigates how social identity was manifested through culinary practices at the household level. Using a social zooarchaeology approach that also incorporates results from ceramic, plant, and human remains from the residential neighborhood Mollo Kontu, this paper highlights the importance of daily ingestion of local staples, and the rejection of exotic fare, to the internalization of a firmly 'local' identity for its residents. This thesis challenges interpretations of Tiwanaku as a widely and wholeheartedly adopted common identity with data from within its capital, and emphasizes how people actively forged distinct identities as Tiwanaku grew in influence.
Social fissioning and the development of rural societies in the Lake Suches Highlands of Southern Peru (Presentation)
Benjamin Vining (Boston University)
Recent work in the Lake Suches highlands—between the Titicaca Basin and the Moquegua Valley —shows that rural communities in this region developed as a result of specific episodes of autochthonous reorganization. Two parameters are used to evaluate the nature of ruralism: population density (Smailes et al. 2002) and material "connectivity" to non-local networks (Smith 1994). Combined, these correlates show that more rural society developed as a result of social fissioning in the Late Formative Period. This significantly impeded the ability of rural populations to participate in extra-local dynamics and created an atomistic pastoral society that characterized highland settlement throughout the late Prehispanic period.
Ring ditches and raised fields in west-central Mojos (Presentation)
John H. Walker (University of Central Florida)
The scale and antiquity of anthropogenic landscapes in South America and the Amazon Basin are increasingly accepted in the archaeological literature. Ceramic chronologies can now be constructed in conjunction with studies of the landscape at several scales. Recent excavation at a ring ditch in a forest island along the Yacuma River in west-central Mojos suggests that such islands were occupied over several centuries, and that forests conceal several kinds of earthworks. Analysis of public domain satellite imagery confirms earlier predictions that Mojeños shaped the landscape over hundreds of square kilometers, with several distinct patterns of earthworks and settlement.
Mummies, Dragon's Blood, and Tapir Toes: Ethno-medicinal History of an 18th-Century Jesuit Pharmacy in Cuzco (Presentation)
Brendan J. M. Weaver (Vanderbilt University)
An as-of-yet unpublished inventory of the Jesuit pharmacy in Cuzco, Peru, produced in 1767 during the Jesuit expulsion from the Spanish Empire, offers a window into colonial Andean pharmaceutical practice. Together with a second inventory of the pharmacy, produced in 1771 under Crown management, and a 1618 inventory of a private pharmacy in Cuzco, it is possible to track the use of a variety of pharmaceutical items over the course of a century-and-a-half. From an ethno-medical perspective, this paper examines the development of pharmaceutical practice in Cuzco in the context of the early-modern world, with attention to the Columbian Exchange.
A mtDNA population genetic study of the Aymara (Poster)
Sloan R Williams (University of Illinois at Chicago), Ken Batai (University of Illinois at Chicago), Virginia Vitzthum (Indiana University)
The Hypervariable Region I of the mitochondrial genomes of 61 Aymara women from La Paz, Bolivia was sequenced and compared with Andean and other South American population samples, in order to study the demographic history of the Aymara comparing it with neighboring Quechua populations. Although we found that a demographic expansion model could explain the observed genetic variation, other analyses suggested that migration among Andean groups is also important. In fact, genetic and linguistic patterns are poorly correlated in the Andes, illustrating why using language group as a proxy for shared ancestry in genetic studies is dangerous.


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Topic: Information re CT scans please
Hi everyone
Following my resection, in Edinburgh, in August 2006, I had my first appointment with my surgeon in November. He has told me that he is very pleased with the surgery and that chemotherapy is not appropriate. Having read many of your postings I see that their seems to be a different attitde to this between the UK and the US. Which is correct remains to be seen, but there is probably little that I can do to influence the UK view.
The main reason for this posting is to find out the accepted protocol for follow-up CT scans. My first scan is to be on 1 February. Should I expect future scans to be every 3 or 6 months?
A very Happy New Year to everyone.

subset: commoncrawl


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Did you know?
One of the last Kimberley victims of the siege was George Labram, the designer of the 'Long Cecil' gun, which was built to fire out of Kimberley in answer to the Boers' 'Long Tom'.
October 1899 saw South Africa in the throes of war between Boer and Briton.
One of the hotly contested assets of the country during the South African War (formerly known as the Anglo-Boer War) was diamond-rich Kimberley which, by now, had become a rather fancy place, with a new town hall, all sorts of nightly entertainment and a civilian 'diamond aristocracy'.
This particular elite group got a case of the infamous 'Kimberley jitters' when word arrived of an impending Boer assault on the town. Lieutenant-Colonle Robert Kekewich was despatched from the Cape to organise Kimberley's military defence.
But from the start, it was a battle on 2 fronts. Diamond mogul Cecil John Rhodes arrived in Kimberley to defend his fortune and the town with it. His ways and those of Kekewich were radically different, and it was clear the 2 men despised each other.
To supplement the weak artillery pieces of the garrison, Rhodes had 'Long Cecil' built by a De Beers team headed by the chief engineer, an American called George Labram. The 50-metre-high shaft head at De Beers Mine was used by Kekewich as a reconnaissance tower.
The 124-day siege that followed contains more than enough material for an epic historical novel. Rhodes lived in the plush Sanatorium Hotel (now the MacGregor Museum), but sallied forth every day to organise his soup kitchen, arrange for ammunition manufacture in his machine shops and generally keep as high a personal profile as possible.
Inevitably, food stocks began running low, as did morale. But life became really grim when the Boers brought Long Tom, their famous siege gun, into the action. Long Tom took many lives and devastated much of Kimberley in only 3 days.
The relieving force headed by Lord Methuen was defeated dramatically at nearby Magersfontein just before Christmas of 1899. The siege was only lifted in February 1900 when Lord Roberts and his forces finally entered Kimberley with a cavalry charge.
Travel tips & Planning info
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Kimberley Tourism
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Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
How to get here
Kimberley lies 160km west of Bloemfontein on the N8 - and is about 5 hours' drive west of Johannesburg on the N12.
Best time to visit
Spring and autumn - September-October and April-May - are some of the nicest times of year to visit. Summers (October to April) can be very hot and winters (May to August) can be very cold.
Around the area
The Magersfontein battle site, the N12 South African War Battlefield Route, the Kimberley Archaeological Route, the MacGregor Museum, and the Wildebeestkuil Rock Art Site.
Tours to do
Kimberley Ghost Tour, local museum tours, the Big Hole, Belgravia Historical Walk.
Get around
Although there are many guided tours available, you can also easily drive yourself around Kimberley.


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Colorectal cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in the colon and/or rectum. The colon and the rectum are parts of the large intestine, which is part of the digestive system.
In her own words: living with colon cancer
Coping with pain related to cancer and chemotherapy
Pain associated with cancer and chemotherapy can be relieved. Read here to find out how.
Fighting colon cancer: one man's story
Baseball superstar Eric Davis battled colon cancer and won. Here's his story and what he wants other people to learn from it.
Life after cancer
Read here to find out answers to questions you may have after ending cancer treatment.
Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the US and the third deadliest cancer worldwide. But when diagnosed at an early stage, before the cancer has invaded the colon wall or spread to distant sites, the chances of survival are much higher.
EBSCO Information Services is fully accredited by URAC. URAC is an independent, nonprofit health care accrediting organization dedicated to promoting health care quality through accreditation, certification and commendation.


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You think wade barrett or the miz should get the title over Ryback? really? really?. I'm not saying Ryback's ready yet, but he is over, no matter what the haters say.
just because i didn't agree doesn't mean i didn't listen, it just means you were wrong. Now go away please.


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Delivery and returns
- Free Nominated Day delivery on hampers and food gifts over
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- or we'll leave a delivery card explaining what to do next.
Returns and refunds
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Create your own weddding favours for your guests with this kit of Swiss milk chocolate hearts in silver coloured foil and dotty mini favour boxes. The pack also comes with silver coloured shred, pre-cut blue ribbons and blank gift cards ready for your own personal message.
Item details
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text:
Douglas Sperry, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychology
- Email:
- Phone: (812) 535-5170
Ph.D., Developmental Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
M.A., Developmental Psychology, The Catholic University of America, 1993
M.M., Piano Performance, Michigan State University, 1986
B.A., French Language and Literature, Nebraska Wesleyan University, 1982
B.M., Piano Performance, Nebraska Wesleyan University, 1981
Research Activities
Sperry, D. E., Sperry, L. L., & Miller, P. J. (in press). Language socialization. In Tracy, K. & Sandel, T. (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of language and social interaction. Walden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Miller, P. J., & Sperry, D. E. (2012). Déjà vu: The continuing misrecognition of low-income children's verbal abilities. In S. T. Fiske & H. R. Markus (Eds), Facing Social Class: How Societal Rank Influences Interaction. New York: Russell Sage.
Sperry, L. L., & Sperry, D. E. (2009). Learning to fictionalize in the Black Belt of Alabama. In Shweder, R. A., Bidell, T. R., Dailey, A. C., Dixon, S. D., Miller, P. J., & Modell, J. (Eds.). The child : An encyclopedic companion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Sperry, L. L., & Sperry, D. E. (2000). Verbal and nonverbal contributions to early representation: Evidence from African‑American toddlers. In N. Budwig, I. C. Uzgiris, & J. V. Wertsch (Eds.). Communication: An arena of development. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Sperry, D. E., & Sperry, L. L. (1999). Ebonics and education: An issue that is not all "black or white." In K. C.‑Y. Liu & C. Reynolds (Eds.). Perspectives on diversity in pedagogy. Terre Haute, IN: Curriculum Research and Development Center.
Sperry, L. L., & Sperry, D. E. (1996). Early development of narrative skills. Cognitive Development, 11, 443‑465.
Sperry, L. L., & Sperry, D. E. (1995). Young children's presentations of self in conversational narration. In L. L. Sperry, & P. Smiley, (Eds.). New Directions for Child Development: (Vol. 69). Exploring young children's concepts of self and other through conversation. San Francisco: Jossey‑Bass.


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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Expect an overcast, breezy day with coastal showers pushing onshore throughout the day. Temps will only reach the mid 60's today. No severe weather, only cool, windy, wet weather- mostly for the beaches. We may see some minor coastal flooding at high tide (occurring right now) but its nothing that that area doesn't deal with routinely.
We start to gradually dry out tomorrow, but the clouds stick around through Tuesday.
Copyright 2012 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Get Your Project Started – Enter to Win a Gift Card from a Local Home Improvement Store!
Spring is on its way and those honey-dos are adding up! Get your spring project started this year by entering to win a $300 gift card to a local hardware store!
Oops! We could not locate your form.


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My goal was to make a top ten scoreboard, where a program, in the event someone gets in the top ten, inserts their data into a file on my server. And thus retrieves info also for view ing the top ten.
I am looking for the best method to accomplish this.
One method that i came up with but havent yet tested is, the program sends the data to a CGI script on my server, and the CGI script saves/loads data from a JSON file on my server, and sends it back to the program. So the CGI script sort of acts like the middleman. Are their easier methods than this?


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Hot Links! The Many Moods of Karl Lagerfeld's Cat
Plus: How to pick someone up on the subway, beauty inspiration from Andy Warhol, and more!
-Lucia Peters
What is it about Karl Lagerfeld's cat, Choupette? For some reason, we just can't seem to stop staring at her. Good thing she's just gotten her very own magazine spread. (TheGloss)
What's better than one Brad Pitt? Well, how does two Brad Pitts sound? This is what happens when 13 actors hang out with their stunt and/or body doubles. Awesome. (The Frisky)
Bugging out about insect repellants? Don't worry—they don't have to be full of icky chemicals! Check out these nine natural alternatives! (YouBeauty)
Having trouble keeping with the changing times? This handy guide to the seven most outdated myths about love might help. (YourTango)
Can you believe that summer is almost over? Relive some of your best summer memories—through photos, of course! And boy, do you all have some great pics! (TheBerry)
Picking up someone on the subway isn't easy… but it might be a little easier with a line like, "Remain alert and keep your belongings in sight at all times. I'm telling you this because I just stole a look at you, and now I want to make off with the entire package." Zing! (HowAboutWe)
Guess who the newest face of COVERGIRL is? Hint: She's tickled pink about it. (BeautyBloggingJunkie)
Is it just us, or does Miley Cyrus look not at all like herself in her new Marie Claire shoot? (TheGloss)
Birthday beauty inspiration: Andy Warhol and his factory. Fabulous! (The Frisky)


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S/Sgt Herbert E Rodgers KIA 31 March, 1943, Sea-Sweep
31 March, 1943 — North Africa
Herbert E Rodgers; KILLED IN ACTION On 31 March 1943
448th Bombardment Squadron War Diary:
On March 31, 1943, on a low element sea sweep (Bombing Mission) over the Mediterranean Sea, Off of Northeastern Tunisia, the first battle casualties of the squadron occurred. 2 Crews, (13 Men), and 2 Planes were Lost,1st Lt. Hess, McKinney; 2nd Lts: Campbell, Welton; S/Sgts: Cookman, Hines, Kirol, McGinnis, McMurray, Ratajczyk, Rodgers, Headings and Lottes were shot down into the Mediterranean Sea by enemy fighters. The mission however did succeed in sinking two enemy ships.
At 12:45 15 planes off to bomb on sea sweep, over the Mediterranean Sea. 14 (planes) dropped 84 x 500 bombs. 12 planes back at 17:05. One landed at Bone. Met convoy, lower element (48) claims M/V (Military Vessel) broken in two, one M/V (Military Vessel) left sinking, one left burning. 4 E/A (Enemy Aircraft) destroyed. About 50 E/A (Enemy Aircraft) attacked 2 B-25's (Lts: Hess and McKinney) shot down. Intense, heavy accurate flak, balloon barrage. Bombing was at 100-200 feet. Weather: Clear.
Own Aircraft Losses: Two. B-25C 41-13209 and B-25C 41-13205. One by flak and 1455 hours - 37°35'N, 10°47'E; the other by fighters at 1512 hours - 37°48'N, 10°27E.
Low Element
A/C No. 41-13205 (MACR-14578 "Lost at Sea.
Aircraft was lost to enemy aircraft and anti-aircraft")
P: McKinney, Charles A., 1Lt~KIA
CP: Campbell, John F., 2Lt~KIA
N: None
B: Kirol, Edward A., S/Sgt~KIA
E: Ratajczyk, Thomas S., S/Sgt~KIA
R: Headings, Boyd V., S/Sgt-KIA
G: McGinnis, Lofton F., S/Sgt~KIA
F: Lottes, Richard O., Sgt(ASV)~KIA
A/C No. 41-13209 "Trouble" (MACR-14579 "Lost at Sea. Aircraft waslost to enemy aircraft and anti-aircraft")
P->Hess, Robert G., 1Lt - KIA
CP->Welton, Mert J., 2Lt - KIA
B->McMurray, Walter J., S/Sgt - KIA
E->Rodgers, Herbert E., S/Sgt - KIA
R->Cookman, Harold F., S/Sgt - KIA
G->Hines, Ralph V., S/Sgt - KIA


text: The Tri-Tronics Expandable Receivers can be added to any of their G2 or G3 EXP base units to make a multi-dog system. It easily marries to your handheld transmitter and you will not have to worry about it interfering with other units. This EXP Receiver comes with a ORANGE Collar Strap, suited for adding a FOURTH dog to your base unit.


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Don't Call Ryan Gosling By the Name Ryan Reynolds
He is not Scarlett Johansson's hubby!
-Libby Keatinge
Ryan Gosling is hot and Canadian, but DO NOT mistake him for another hot Canadian named Ryan Reynolds. The Notebook actor claims the mistake happens all the time!
Read Celeb Photo: Sarah Jessica Parker Takes the Twins to the Park
"I get that a lot," The Notebook actor tells Steve Carell in the November issue of Interview magazine about getting mistaken for Scarlett Johansson's hubby. "I do think it's because we're both Canadian." He continues, "I can't tell you how many times people go, 'Are you Ryan?' And I go, 'Yeah.' And they say, 'Can I get a picture?' Then they take the picture and realize, in that moment, that I'm not Ryan Reynolds. I can see the disappointment in their faces." Awww – this Ryan is a hottie – we wouldn't be disappointed if we ran into him! We would be elated! (Pinkisthenewblog)
Libby Keatinge is a senior editor at BettyConfidential.


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ELLE Flashback: 1995
With enviable tousled blond locks and a voice that will undoubtedly take her to the top, Sky Ferreira is pouncing on the fashion scene this year. Hailing from the West Coast, this 17-year old singer-songwriter has a penchant for vintage clothing, worn-in 2Pac T-shirts, and the hottest designer footwear. From long prairie dresses to '70s-inspired minis, Sky transcends the current pop-star uniform of edgy Gaga-esque costumes (pants optional) and sharp jewelry. While her aura reads "wise beyond her years," she is still working out her artist "look" but gives us insight into her personal style upon moving to New York City this month.
Vintage dress
Nylon cutoffs
Jewelry throughout: "My necklace is from a very good friend—I wear it all the time."
2Pac T-shirt
Bandana socks
Chanel clogs
"Scott Clark styled me for my music video and a shoot. We're very close friends. He knows every single thing I like. He helped me pick out these Chanel clogs. For a long time I did not like to use stylists because they always try to make you look like Rihanna or Lady Gaga or M.I.A., and that's not how I like to dress."
Wardrobe Chic: Kelly Rowland


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Saturday's baking hot conditions helped make this year's Shaw May Fair the most successful ever, with record numbers enjoying the fun.
The biannual celebration took place at The Beeches playing field, where all the usual stalls and attractions were joined by ponies from Mountjoy Stables.
Organiser Geoff Williams said: "It went very successfully, with a lot of thanks due to the weather.
"We introduced pony rides for the first time this year, and they were massively successful.
"It was like an instant queue, with children wanting to go on for a second or third time.
"The Melksham Town Under-6s' round robin tournament was really good as well. They played for two hours in that heat, they were so enthusiastic, they would have played all afternoon if they could.
"Corsham Wind Band played a couple of sets, and that was well received, and we had all the other fun of the fair, with a coconut shy, plate smashing and a bouncy castle.
"We probably had about 250-300 people come along, which I would say is better than last time – the figures were up."
The event also saw the running of the annual 10k Shaw Stampede take place, as well as the 2k Keane Kanter, in memory of seven-year-old Keane Meyers, from Lacock, who died of non-Hodgkins lymphoblastic lymphoma in 2009. Mr Williams said: "In these conditions the times were slow, and the heat caught a few people out.
"It was very hot and it showed, as it was quite hard-going, and an achievement to finish.
"There weren't many running back from the Kanter in that weather, a lot of them were just walking round, but there were quite good numbers, somewhere between 30 and 40 children."
The festivities raised over £5,000, which will be put towards refurbishments for Shaw Village Hall, including new changing facilities for the local football clubs.
Mr Williams said: "It's about getting the community together, that's what is most important.
"The hall is not there to make a profit. What I was hoping to see was some sort of community spirit, and it's good to see that we achieved that."


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C. Michael Robbins, Ph.D.Adjunct Professor, Department of Biblical and Religious Studies and High Sierra Semester
Phone: (909) 744-4960
Alternate: (909) 338-9698
Email: email@example.com
Alternate: (909) 338-9698
Email: email@example.com
Mike Robbins has been an adjunct professor in the School of Theology since 1993 and a visiting professor at the High Sierra campus. He has authored The Testing of Jesus in Q, coauthored A Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of New Testament Greek, and coauthored An Introduction to the New Testament. His interests are in New Testament literature, early Christianity, Greco-Roman studies, Greek philology and papyrology, comparative religions, Native American religions, and eschatology in the Ancient Mediterranean. His specialty in New Testament is early Christian Gospels and historical Jesus studies. Association memberships include Society of Biblical Literature, American Philological Association, and American Association of Papyrologists. He and his wife, Annette, live in the San Bernardino Mountains. His favorite things in life are coffee, the mountains, reading, being a dad, and serving his students.
School of Theology
- Department of Biblical and Religious Studies
Courses Taught
- ALNG 456 – Ancient Languages
- HUM 325 – Humanities Seminar V: Christian Classics
- PHIL 370 – Comparative Religions
- THEO 352 – Church History: Apostolic Era to 1517
- UBBL 230H – Luke/Acts (Honors)
- UBBL 330 – Life and Teachings of Jesus
- UBBL 472 – Biblical Apocalyptic


text: Show Hide image Politics 10 April 2012 Nissan to produce new hatchback model The new model production will create an additional 225 jobs Sign up for our weekly email * The Japanese car giant Nissan Motor Company will produce the all-new midsized hatchback model at its Sunderland plant in the UK in 2014 with an investment of £127m and a £8.2m offer of support from the UK Government Regional Growth Fund. This move will create an additional 225 jobs at Nissan and 900 at component companies supplying Nissan in the UK. This announcement made by the British Prime Minister David Cameron and Nissan COO Toshiyuki Shiga follows last month's Geneva Motor Show that Sunderland will also produce a mainstream B-segment compact car based on the Invitation concept from 2013. Production of these two new models is expected to create more than 3,000 jobs in the UK automotive industry over the next two years. Nissan is planning to implement additional production shift at Sunderland plant to build hatchback model. The plant, which is now preparing to pass the half million mark for the first time, produced 480,000 cars in 2011. Shiga said: "In Europe Nissan has achieved record growth in recent years by providing innovative, customer-focused models like Qashqai and Juke that are designed, developed and produced within the region. "Nissan already produces more vehicles in Europe than any other Asian manufacturer and the model announced today will bring world-class quality and leading technology to our customers at the heart of the European C-segment. I would also like to thank the UK Government for its strong and sustained support which allows us to continue making significant, long-term investment in our Sunderland operation." Cameron said: "It is fantastic news that Nissan will be building their new hatchback model in the UK and that they expect to create more than 1000 jobs at the Sunderland plant and in the supply chain across the country. It's proof of the strength and vitality of the British manufacturing industry that leading companies like Nissan are expanding their production in the UK. "I've already seen firsthand the tremendous work at the Nissan Sunderland plant and it's great to be visiting the company's headquarters in Yokohama today. Nissan's investment in the UK is a huge vote of confidence in the skills and flexibility of the UK workforce. We want to attract more investment like this and that's why we're encouraging foreign companies with incentives like the Regional Growth Fund." Subscribe from just £1 per issue More


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MSI KT6 Delta-FIS2R (KT600): Feature Packed Funby Evan Lieb on 8/5/2003 11:04 PM EST
- Posted in
- Motherboards
15 Comments
Back to Article
Anonymous User - Friday, September 19, 2003 - linkquestion:
i have a kt600 delta-lsr.
AIDA shows:
--vlink is 640mhz when i use 200FSB.--
does it mean my pci clock is 40mhz?
thanks Reply
Anonymous User - Saturday, September 13, 2003 - linkThe Broadcom Ethernet Controller on this motherboard IS 10/100/1000 (the BC 5788) so provides Gigabit unlike your review.
The board layout is exceptionally good.
The number of IDE connectors is the highest I have ever seen.
The number of rear USB 2.0 ports (6) is also the highest and is not the "standard IO" you talk about.
Who wants to do overclocking above 200MHz? With the Athlon XP near its limit at 200/400, you are asking for stability problems with the processor going much higher!
Apart from that - good review!
Anonymous User - Thursday, September 11, 2003 - linkWhat mother would you buy? KT6 Delta (6490) or NF2 Delta (6570). Just 8 dollars of difference? Thanks! Reply
Anonymous User - Thursday, August 28, 2003 - linkHere in Spain, the MSI KT6Delta is aviable at 85$, including taxes. I think it's a fine competitor to the 110$ nforce2(no ultra 400).
Regards Reply
LoneWolf15 - Thursday, August 14, 2003 - linkP.S. MSI also has a budget NF2 Ultra 400 mainboard, without Firewire, Serial ATA, or RAID, but with onboard sound and LAN, the K7N2 Delta-L, which has a street price of about $90 and still gives dual channel 128bit memory performance. Why would anyone buy a KT600 mainboard when this is available? Reply
LoneWolf15 - Thursday, August 14, 2003 - linkQuoted:
"For these types of users, choose nForce2 Ultra 400 motherboards from ABIT, Gigabyte, ASUS, and Epox, among others." (endquote)
Ironic that Anandtech doesn't note that MSI also has their own NForce 2 Ultra 400 option, the K7N2 Delta ILSR, even though they mention the board as having been reviewed at Viper's Lair in this week's news. I have one and have found it to be a great board, still wondering why it rarely gets reviewed compared to ASUS, Abit, DFI, and Chaintech NF2 Ultra 400 boards. Reply
Evan Lieb - Friday, August 08, 2003 - linkI assume you're joking # 7. :)
#8, you forgot to include the two SATA connectors controlled by the VT8237 South Bridge. Reply
Anonymous User - Friday, August 08, 2003 - linkTo Evan Lieb :
1) Good one with the performance for the K8 platform , really liked it . Not just another we know but we can't tell you ....
2) There's something bothering me in the article
You say the board offers support for 10 drives but it simply can't do that unless you can put 2 device on one SATA which as far asa I know can't be done . Here's my math
2 onboarg + 1 Promise = 3 PATA * 2 = 6
2+6=8 not 10 . Reply
Anonymous User - Friday, August 08, 2003 - linkConsidering the freshness of this product, the price I'm getting from Pricegrabber:
is staggering ... so cheap ... Reply
Anonymous User - Friday, August 08, 2003 - linkI didn't really read the review, I just looked at the pictures :)
Looks like the NF2 boards are still the top dog Reply
Anonymous User - Friday, August 08, 2003 - linkhello,
good review as per usual.
anyone aware of the linux driver support for the KT600 chipsets...
can't find much info on it, probably just in the cookers.
Maxim. Reply
Evan Lieb - Wednesday, August 06, 2003 - linkNo problem #1.
And thanks for pointing that out #3, I always seem to make that same mistake.
Take care,
Evan Reply
Anonymous User - Wednesday, August 06, 2003 - link"...VIA, who has now been mostly regulated to the budget chipset market."
You mean relegated, not regulated. Reply
Anonymous User - Wednesday, August 06, 2003 - linkWith the NF7-S being available for 115$ shipped this board is a doomed in the enthusiast market. Reply
Anonymous User - Wednesday, August 06, 2003 - linkThanks for spotting the overclocking weaknesses. I had really hoped for this board in spite of the typical KT600 benchmark results(people give those numbers way too much importance). It's just that I don't want to touch another nFocer2 board, so I'll be looking at other KT600 options like Abit KV7. Hope you can give that one just as good a test as this was. Thanks again. Reply


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Beachbum Berry's Intoxica!
This man is responsible for reviving many lost cocktails. A classic tiki-shelf addition.
A great collection of works from hip Tiki/Polynesian Pop revivalists that are fanning the tiki-torch flame, so to speak.
The most impressive text on Tiki Modern. Sven Kirsten's love of tiki, witco and mid-century is apparent and supported with a virtual treasure trove of fantastic images.
Trader Vic's has managed to keep the tiki torch lit for a new generation. Their Tiki Party guide is a must own.


text:
I have worked at Bob's Red Mill now for just over six years. Shortly after I started, I had the privilege of talking with customer Evelyn Horne. She was trying to figure out an order and was having difficultly determining shipping costs. I was happy to take the time to hear what she wanted and make sure all the costs were clear. She was very appreciative and a new friendship was started. Soon after our conversation, I received a drawing in the mail from Ms. Horne. It was such a touching display of what Bob's Red Mill meant to this elderly woman and it made me so happy to receive such correspondence. I now talk with Ms. Horne a few times a year; helping her with orders, sending holiday cards, sharing stories and exchanging birthday wishes. She turns 78 year young this month. Happy Birthday Ms. Horne!
At Bob's Red Mill we try to take the time with every customer, even though friendships are not created daily, we do hope satisfaction is. If you have a question about our products, please feel free to give us a call at 1-800-349-2173.


text:
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Workopolis Inc. | 1 Yonge Street, Suite 402, Toronto ON, M5E 1E6


text:
Ah, March Madness! The festive season of office-pool meltdowns, embarrassing displays of alumni colors and, occasionally, a wager so outrageous that it prompts the question, "Been to Colorado lately? Or Washington state?"
And while I seriously doubt that a level-headed dude like Warren Buffett has turned marijuana tourist, news that his Berkshire Hathaway will back the $1 billion -- with a "B"! -- prize offered by Quicken Loans to contest entrants who correctly pick every winner in this year's NCAA men's basketball tournament certainly sounds Rocky-Mountain-high.
Billion, schmillion
Buffett, of course, is no newcomer to unusual, high-stakes insurance gambles. His well-diversified Omaha, Neb.-based company, which owns everything from Geico auto insurance to Dairy Queen and Fruit of the Loom, previously prospered by taking premiums in exchange for protection of the 2010 World Cup soccer finale in South Africa. Nor does the B-word frighten Buffett, who previously backed a $1 billion prize offered in a Pepsico-sponsored contest.
If you can't wait to lock in your brackets, here are the details: The 68-team, single-elimination NCAA tournament begins in March. Submissions to the Quicken Loans contest will be limited to one per household and capped at 10 million entrants. The winner will be paid in annual installments of $25 million for 40 years. Multiple winners will split the billion bucks.
What are your odds of joining Buffett in the billionaire's club? Jeff Bergen, a math professor at DePaul University in Chicago, crunched the numbers and puts the odds at less than 1 in 9 quintillion -- that's a 9 with 18 zeroes nudging it forward.
"If you're just guessing, you basically have no chance," Bergen says in a video about the contest.
The fattest of chances
Even a knowledgeable bracket fanatic like President Barack Obama has only a 1 in 128 billion chance of winning, in Bergen's estimation. Oh well, back to the old day job.
Nor is history on your side. Last year, not one of the 8.15 million brackets submitted to ESPN ran the table. Even after the field was cut in half, the best anyone could do was 30 and 2.
Even if a long shot were to come in, a billion-dollar loss would barely warrant a text message for the world's fourth-wealthiest individual, whose company insures against far more likely and costly natural catastrophes on a daily basis. As Buffett reassured stockholders regarding this March Madness bet, Berkshire Hathaway, with stock and bond assets of $170 billion, could withstand a $250 billion loss, or roughly triple the worst natural disaster in history, and still post a "significant profit" for the year.
While Quicken Loans refused to say how much they're paying for Berkshire Hathaway's just-in-case coverage, odds are that the Oracle of Omaha will emerge the only victor in this high-stakes March Madness wager.
Follow me on Twitter: @omnisaurus.
Get more news, money-saving tips and expert advice by signing up for a free Bankrate newsletter.


text:
Crude Understanding of Disbelief
No matter what his original stance is, given all the evidence, a person of sound mind and clear understanding submits to the truth provided that he finds the evidence convincing. That is because he knows that, as a human being, he is inherently fallible. He further acknowledges that learning is essential to expand one's horizons. A person of clear understanding, therefore, by no means finds anything humiliating in learning and accordingly changing one's mind.
There are some people, however, who hold an ingrained prejudice which is almost impossible to eliminate. These people are inclined to approach and evaluate valid evidence with prejudice. The personal experience they acquire over time is shaped within the ignorant system and is of crucial importance to them. Therefore, it is almost impossible to change their viewpoint. These people are known to be stubborn. Rather than being open to new ideas and hence finding the truth, they insist on holding on to traditional beliefs. They never think that they can be erroneous. Furthermore, they think they are wise. Sometimes even concrete evidence fails to change their minds. However, this is not because they are unable to discern between right and wrong, but because they pretend not to understand the truth. In the Qur'an, Allah alludes to this shortcoming in the ignorant in the following verse:
Have you any hope that they will be true to you when a party of them used to listen to the word of Allah, then used to change it, after they had understood it, knowingly? (Surah Al-Baqarah: 75)
It is not possible to convince these people of the truth. All evidence and efforts to make them see the truth would prove to be useless. This insensitivity becomes even more severe when faith is the issue. Allah describes this as follows:
As for the Disbelievers, whether you warn them or not, it is all one for them; they do not believe. (Surah Al-Baqarah: 6)
How is it that evidence makes some people see the truth, while it fails to be convincing for others? What makes them so stubborn and insensitive?
Earlier in this book, we repeatedly mentioned the strong attachment which ignorant people have for this life. This attachment surely explains the motives behind this incomprehensible attitude. Although they clearly see the truth, they follow their vain desires, since they know that they would otherwise have to abandon their ambitions and make earning the good pleasure of Allah the basic purpose of their life. This is actually the last thing they want to do and accordingly they resist it by suppressing the voice of their conscience. These people adhere to the negative side of their soul: such behaviour is to the detriment of man, as explicitly stated in the following verse:
I do not exculpate myself. The (human) soul is prone to evil, save his to whom my Lord has shown mercy. My Lord is Forgiving and Merciful. (Surah Yusuf: 53)
For this reason the soul plays an important role in making a man resist the truth.
Another being who misguides those who have strong ambitions for this life is the Satan. Allah indicates this in the following verse:
He said: Now, because You have sent me astray, I shall certainly lurk in ambush for them on Your Right Path. Then I shall come upon them from before them and from behind them and from their right hands and from their left hands, and You will not find most of them beholden (unto You). (Surah Al-Araf: 16-17)
To convince these people who are led by Satan and the negative side of their souls has been the main struggle of all messengers throughout history. All messengers always summoned man to the right path, the path of Allah, yet their people declined except for a minority. One striking example given in the Qur'an regarding this issue is Prophet Noah and his people. Despite Prophet Noah's commitment to summon his people to the right path, they persisted in disbelief:
He said: My Lord! I have called unto my people night and day, but all my pleas have only added to their repugnance; And whenever I call to them, so that You may pardon them, they thrust their fingers in their ears and cover themselves with their garments and persist in their refusal and in bearing themselves with insolent pride. I have called to them aloud, I have made public proclamations to them, and I have appealed to them in private. (Surah Al-Nooh: 5-9)
Noah said: My Lord! My people have disobeyed me and followed those the increase in whose wealth and children will only hasten their perdition. (Surah Al-Nooh: 21)
The insincere attitude of ignorant people is revealed in the Qur'an. No matter how strong the evidence provided, they turn their faces away from the truth and show a strong attachment to this life. And then they make up many excuses to justify their defiant attitude. In the Qur'an, Allah gives an account of the issues and situations ignorant people pretend not to understand. These are actually the issues about which they never change their opinion. Allah also mentions the excuses they make and their show of insincerity to the believers.
Before proceeding with this issue, one of the principal methods ignorant people employ to justify their dishonesty will be further clarified.
Ignorant people often resort to demagogy to justify themselves. This is a method by which they maintain their rights, or prestige, by using emotional, dishonest or oblique arguments rather than reason. Apart from these ploys, the way people conduct themselves is also an efficient element of demagogy. Interrupting, shouting and telling lies are well-known methods of demagogy. Disbelievers demonstrate a remarkable capacity for this art. To justify their point of view or to establish superiority over others, they resort to inconceivable methods. The main purpose of all these efforts is to oppose the truth. They make all these efforts to justify themselves and thereby to find a pretext to ease their remorse.
This, however, is not a method developed by the individuals themselves. As in many other issues, Satan guides them. The statement of Satan in the following verses shows that Satan was the first demagogue in history.
(Allah) said: O Iblis! What prevents you from prostrating yourself to one whom I have created with My own hands? Are you haughty?
Or are you one of the high (and mighty) ones?
He replied: I am better than him. You created me from fire, while him You created from clay.
He said: "Go forth from hence, for you are outcast." ( Surah Sad: 75-77)
When he was told to prostrate himself before Adam, Satan arrogantly refused, and offered wicked explanations. This was typical demagogy; his pretext for not following the command of Allah is stated in the following statement of Satan: You created me from fire, while you created him from clay. However his main purpose is to revolt against Allah. The comparison between fire and clay is only a pretext.
The attitude of ignorant people is exactly the same. They first decide to disobey and then find excuses for their disobedience. At this point, they do what Satan did and employ the various methods of demagogy to cover their dishonesty and to comfort themselves.
Satan indoctrinates them by stealth and constantly whispers methods of demagogy to their souls. Meanwhile, the individual struggles to choose between the voice of his common sense whispering the truth and the voice of his soul that speaks for Satan. In this way, Satan approaches man in all circumstances and tempts him.
That is why for ages people all around the world employ exactly the same tactics and methods against religion. This fact is underlined in the Qur'an:
But they say what the ancients said before them. (Surah al-Mumenoon: 81)
However, one point deserves mention here: Satan is a being completely under the control of Allah like all other creatures, such as the djinns, the angels and human beings. Contrary to the commonly held view, Satan is not a separate being, apart from and independent of Allah. He is in the service of Allah to test man in this world. This fact is explained in the following verse:
He said: Then you are of those reprieved till The Appointed Day. He said: My Lord! Because You have sent me astray, I shall truly make pleasant the path of error for them on the earth, and shall mislead them every one. Save such of them as are Your perfectly devoted slaves. He said: This is a right course incumbent upon Me. As for My slaves, you have no power over any of them, save such of the sinners as follow you. (Surah al-Hijr: 36-42)
All through history, many societies have applied the classical methods of demagogy when they were reminded of the commandments of Allah. In this way, they thought they could avoid facing the truth. In the Qur'an, Allah gives an account of this psychology of disbelievers and the type of demagogy they employ, so as not to be convinced of certain truths.
It is not possible to convince ignorant people that death is very close. Though this is a dire reality, the majority of the people strive to forget about the imminence of death. Death inevitably puts an end to this life to which they are so strongly attached. It also reminds people of the Hereafter and their responsibilities towards Allah and the reality of Hell. Therefore, they simply avoid the thought of it by "not thinking.
Ignorant people, who resolutely keep their minds off the thought of death, unreservedly express their distaste for it. Forgetting that it is also a commandment of Allah, they fail to see that it is a predestined event. "Not thinking" simply prevents them from seeing that such attitude is an overt opposition to the will of Allah.
Ignorant people harbour many other irrational convictions regarding death. For instance, according to them, the death of an old and sick person is reasonable. Moreover, they assume dying in bed without suffering is the best thing an old man can experience. However, they cannot stand the sudden death of a young person. At this point they fail to understand that his death is predestined.
Another irrational belief about death suggests that death occurs as a consequence of certain events. For instance, of someone who dies in a traffic accident, they say, He would not have died, if he had not been driving on that busy highway. In the Qur'an the same mentality is underlined in the verse If they had been (here) with us, they would not have died or been killed: (Surah Aal-e Imran: 156) and believers are seriously warned against such a corrupted mentality. That is due to the fact that no death occurs coincidentally. Even before one's birth, the place and time of death are predetermined. This fact is stated in the following verse:
We have decreed death among you, and We are not to be frustrated, outrun. (Surah Al-Waq˝a: 60)
For ignorant people, the death of a person, especially a member of one's immediate family, is a highly unexpected incident. Moreover it is frightful. Seeing the body of person with whom one dined a few days ago, terribly crushed in a car, is surely a scene one can never forget during one's lifetime. Watching officers putting his remains in a corpse bag inevitably reminds one of many facts that one is persistently encouraged to forget by the mentality of ignorance.
The person who is now being carried to the morgue in a plastic bag was perhaps a few hours ago enthusiastically talking about his new enterprises or his plans for the weekend. While outlining these plans, the last thing that came to his mind was most probably death. Yet now, his body, reduced only to bones and flesh facing a rapid process of corruption, is being hurriedly carried to the morgue. In the morgue, he will be left in a cooler among the other corpses. In a few days, wrapped in a shroud, his corpse will be put in a grave. The observer is plunged into despair, since such a scene reminds him of the day he will meet his own end.
Nevertheless, the influence of such an event on the human soul lasts only for a short while. Before long, ignorant people return to their old way of living and begin to see death as a quite unlikely incident. As soon as they busy themselves with everyday hassles ñ in their own words when they face the reality of life ó they immediately return to their old habits again as if they were not those people who experienced death at such close quarters only a few days ago. They even make demagogy speeches about death thus attempting to alleviate the seriousness of the matter. They frequently mention the shortness of life, yet never truly think about it. Moreover, they encourage each other not to think about it.
Soon after the grief over an immediate family member's death becomes bearable, his relatives begin to think about the property they will inherit from him. In this way, they find a way to attach themselves to this life, even when death is the issue.
The fact that ignorant societies are not convinced that holy books are revealed by Allah has been another of their traits throughout history. The main purpose lying behind this attitude is their unwillingness to adhere to the commandments of Allah. They simply want to forget about the Day of Judgement and the fact that they will be held responsible for all of their behaviour, since they want to live as they like. Therefore, even though they see the truth, they simply ignore it.
The typical attitude of ignorant societies towards the Bible and other holy books has likewise been assumed towards the Qur'an. Our Prophet summoned people to the true path in various ways, yet they insisted on disbelief. Meanwhile, in order to overcome remorse, they employed many methods. One of these methods, which employ demagogy, is stated in the following verses:
Those who disbelieve say: This is nothing but a lie that he has invented, and others have helped him with it, so that they have produced a slander and a lie. And they say: Fables of the men of old which he has had written down: and they are dictated to him morning and evening. (Surah Al-Furqan: 4-5)
Some say these are but muddled dreams; others say he has only invented them. Indeed he is but a poet. Let him bring us a portent, just as those of old (who were Allah's Messengers) were sent with portents. (Surah Al-Anbiya: 5)
It is evident that, despite being aware of the superiority of the Prophet, ignorant people accused him of sorcery. Moreover, the majority of them claimed that the Qur'an had been written by him. However, they quite definitely know that the Qur'an is a revelation of Allah. Likewise, they know for certain that the Prophet is neither a poet nor a sorcerer. Yet, as stated repeatedly in this section, ignorant people simply use pretexts to attract more people who will comply with their own way of living.
In the Qur'an Allah provides explicit answers to the idle talk of the ignorant:
I swear by all that you can see and all that is hidden from your view, that this is truly the word of an honoured Messenger, It is not the word of a poet: scant is your faith.Nor is it the word of a soothsayer: how little you reflect! This is a Message sent down from the Lord of the Worlds. (Surah Al-Haaqqa: 38-43)
Or do they say: He had invented it? Indeed, they will not believe! Then let them produce a scripture like it, if they are truthful. (Surah Al-Tur: 33-34)
This Qur'an could never have been devised by any besides Allah. Rather it is confirmation of what came before it and an elucidation of the Book which contains no doubt from the Lord of all the worlds. Do they say, He has invented it? Say: Then produce a sura like it and call on anyone you can besides Allah if you are telling the truth. No, the fact is that they have denied something which their knowledge does not embrace and the meaning of which has not yet reached them. In the same way those before them also denied the truth. See the final fate of the wrongdoers! (Surah Yunus: 37-39)


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Heat oil in a medium soup pot and sauté the garlic for 1 minute. Add all remaining ingredients except the parsley. Cover and bring to a boil. Reduce the flame to low and simmer for 10 minutes until the vegetables are tender. Serve and garnish with parsley.
Per serving - 204 calories, 5 gram fat (17% calories from fat), 12 gram protein, 39 gram carbohydrate, 13 gram fiber, 0 milligram cholesterol, 345 milligram sodium


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Rare El'ements Luxurious Hair Care.
I most often think of anti-aging products as related to skincare and I'm fastidious about taking care of my skin, but how many of us remember that hair suffers from the same aging process – and hands up who treats their hair as well as their face? C'mon, be honest! Having recently tried Rare El'ements and experiencing glossy, healthy, strong, shiny hair in place of my usual frizzy, slightly dry, fine locks, I'm a new convert to the world of anti-aging hair care. Rare El'ements set out to revolutionize the mainstream hair care industry by creating products that combine natural luxury with the same performance that salon professionals depend on, and in my opinion, they succeeded. This breakout collection is tailored to replenish and repair the damage caused by everyday styling & chemical services, pampering each hair strand with pure botanicals, moisture drenching rainforest butters, nutrient-rich nut oils and the energy giving aroma of essential oil fragrances. Rare El'ements searched the world for opulent, raw resources that would encourage the hair to mend naturally, offering a fresh and effective perspective on luxury hair care. Using 100% natural & naturally derived ingredients, there are no harmful synthetics, artificial fragrances, parabens, sulphates or other suspected toxins - just revolutionary products that are luxurious, chic, eco-friendly and socially responsible. Writer :: Emma Pezzack - www.futurenatural.com: the best organic beauty products in the world.
Far from being my 'crowning glory' my hair is actually my worst nightmare! I have hair that happily resides in 'neither here nor there' land when it comes to attributes and seems to have a mind of its own: oily & flat at the roots... Far from being my 'crowning glory' my hair is actually my worst nightmare! I have hair that happily resides in 'neither here nor there' land when it comes to attributes and seems to have a mind of its own: oily & flat at the roots but some days I get amazing root lift; dry ends that are fragile no matter how many 6wk hair cuts I maintain; easily straightened but immediately ruined by humidity; some days does exactly what I want and others not... I curse that I was not one of the fortunate (and rare?) people who has 'normal' hair! However, I was recently sent a sample of the new Aveda Smooth Infusion Style Prep Smoother and not only am I loving it, so is my hair. It protects against heat & humidity for up to 12hrs, applies super lightweight and doesn't feel as though I'm either coating my hair in an oil slick, or weighing it down with too much product, plus I can use it before drying & styling and after to get rid of frizzies and seal ends. It may or may not be the hair Holy Grail but it's workin' for this girl! PS... there's also an entire Smooth Infusion line, in case you're interested. Writer :: Emma Pezzack - www.futurenatural.com: the best organic beauty products in the world.Tags: organic cosmetics, Aveda, it works, natural cosmetics, natural beauty products, organic beauty products, organic hair care, natural shampoo, eco-friendly beautyAdded 8 Years Ago from Aveda


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Cyathea cooperi (Hook. ex F. Muell.) Domin - Australian Tree Fern
* Image is also available in higher resolution: 53990.jpg (1200x1600 - 425 kb).
Author: Forest & Kim Starr [Other photographs by this author]
Determination author: Forest & Kim Starr [Determination history and verification]
Hawaii (United States of America), Kulamanu Kula, Maui
4 December 2006
Starr F., Starr K.: Plants of Hawaii [http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/index...]
|CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 [Information]
Images created by Forest Starr and Kim Starr are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, permitting sharing and adaptation with attribution.
You must credit the photographers "Forest & Kim Starr". We would appreciate being contacted (starrimages(at)hear.org) when our images are used, and if possible receiving a copy of or link to the publications they are used in.


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Want a taste of Cooking Channel? For a limited time, we'll be offering free full episodes on the site from some of our favorite shows as a thank you for being such amazing fans. Find out how…
Watch Extra Virgin, Nadia G's Bitchin' Kitchen and The Culinary Adventures of Baron Ambrosia right here.
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In honor of Dolores, Debi's beloved poodle who recently passed away, Debi and Gabriele host a fundraiser for a dog charity event in their brand new home. Comedian and friend, Kathy Griffin, rolls up her sleeves and whips up an amazing appetizer and lots of laughs.
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Chef-comedienne Nadia G. turns brings her tasty techniques and stiletto-sharp wit to host a make-your-own pizza party. Catch her family recipe for Rustic Pan Pizza, plus her childhood favorites Potato Pizza with Onions and Herbs and a Pizza with Salami di Genoa, Calamita Olives, Pecorino and Fresh Spinach. Stay tuned for dessert, when Nadia uses the leftover dough to fry up Fritelle with Chocolate Nougat Fondue. No one does pizza like Nadia G, so you won't want to miss this.
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Watch a full episode from all three shows right here.
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The TUC has officers in eight locations in England, Wales and Scotland who service Regional Councils and the Wales TUC. The TUC's regional staff represent the TUC by supporting TUC campaigns and objectives and seeking the views of trade unions in the regions. TUC regional education officers organise a programme of accredited courses for stewards, safety representatives, pension scheme trustees and other trade union representatives.
Birmingham, Chesterfield, Coventry, Derby, Hereford, Kidderminster, Leicester, Lincoln, Mansfield, Northampton, Nottingham, Rugby, Shrewsbury, Solihull, Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Worcester
Alnwick, Barrow-in-Furness, Carlisle, Darlington, Durham, Middlesbrough, Newcastle, Penrith, Stockton-on-Tees, Sunderland, Workington
North West
Blackburn, Blackpool, Bolton, Burnly, Chester, Chester, Crewe, Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester, Preston, Salford, St Helens, Warrington, Widnes, Wigan
Southern and Eastern
Basingstoke, Bedford, Brighton, Bury St Edmonds, Cambridge, Canterbury, Chatham, Colchester, Dunstable, Greater London, Hemel Hempstead, Ipswich, Isle of Wight, Kings Lynn, Lowestoft, Milton Keynes, Newhaven, Norwich, Oxford, Peterborough, Portsmouth, Reading, Sidcup, Sittingbourne, Slough, Southampton, Stevenage, Tonbridge, Watford
South West
Bath, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cheltenham, Exeter, Gloucester, Plymouth, Poole, Salisbury, Taunton, Truro, Weymouth, Yeovil
Yorkshire and the Humber
Barnsley, Bradford, Grimsby, Harrogate, Hull, Leeds, Northallerton, Scarborough, Scunthorpe, Sheffield, Wakefield, Whitby, York
Aberdeen, Ayr, Cumbernauld, Dumbarton, Dundee, East Kilbride, Edinburgh, Falkirk, Glasgow, Greenock, Hamilton, Inverness, Kirkcaldy, Livingston, Motherwell, Paisley, Perth, Stirling
Wales TUC
Aberystwyth, Bangor, Bridgend, Carmarthen, Cardiff, Holyhead, Llandadno, Merthyr Tydfil, Newport, Port Talbot, Prestatyn, Rhyl, Swansea, Wrexham


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Martha Stewart Crafts White Dimensional Pearl Stickers
These pearl stickers can spruce up any crafting project. They are particularly well suited for wedding crafts - very elegant. They will add a new dimension to your DIY wedding invitations.
These seals have silver foil details and are really elegant. To add a personal touch you can stamp them with the letter of your name - great to put your new last name initial for wedding invitations.Tags: DIY, Martha Stewart, silver, paper, wedding, invitations, crafts, crafting, labelsAdded 9 Years Ago from Michaels
This stamp set is designed specifically for weddings. The designs are elegant and sophisticated - perfect for mixing and matching with whatever style your wedding is - traditional to modern.Tags: Martha Stewart, paper, wedding, invitations, crafts, crafting, stamps, bride, craft suppliesAdded 9 Years Ago from Michaels
These stickers take the hard work out of getting each bow uniform. They are dimensional so no one will know that you are cheating (just a little).Tags: Martha Stewart, silver, paper, wedding, invitations, ribbons, crafts, crafting, brideAdded 9 Years Ago from Michaels
Awww! Hearts! What better way to announce your wedding than with these dimensional heart stickers. A very "good thing!" Thanks Martha!Tags: Martha Stewart, white, paper, heart, wedding, invitations, crafts, crafting, heartsAdded 9 Years Ago from Michaels


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OVER 70 people were arrested on suspicion of drink driving during the first 20 days of a police crackdown across Avon and Somerset.
The arrests, under the annual Christmas Operation Tonic to combat drink and drug driving, follow high visibility stop checks and intelligence-led patrols.
Of those nabbed by police, 19 were in the Taunton and West Somerset area, with 22 in Bristol, 10 in North Somerset, 10 in East Somerset, five in South Gloucestershire and five in Bath and North-East Somerset.
Chief Inspector Yan Georgiou said many of the arrests followed tip offs from members of the public He added: "The role of local people is extremely important in helping us to crack down on anyone getting behind the wheel of a car when they have been drinking or taking drugs and posing a serious threat to other road users.
"Throughout Operation Tonic we're responding to information the community has given us, aiming to put ourselves where the community has said we need to be and at the times we need to be there and making a number of arrests as a result."
To report a drink driver call 999 or text the word drunk and details to 81819.


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6410 South Dante Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637
Phone: 773-324-1020 Fax: 773-324-9235
Welcome to Mount Carmel High School, home of the Caravan.
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Rosenbaum dazzles in complete game
Nationals' left-hander allows one unearned run, strikes out nine
By David Heck / Special to MLB.com | April 18, 2012 7:06 PM ET
The Nationals prospect continued his hot start to the season Wednesday, yielding just one unearned run over nine innings as the Double-A Harrisburg Senators to a 7-1 win over the Altoona Curve.
Rosenbaum struck out nine while giving up just four hits and without a walk en route to the first complete game in the Eastern League this year. He tossed two nine-inning efforts last season, both for Class A Advanced Potomac.
"Really my changeup, my sinker, pretty much everything [was working,]" Rosenbaum said. "I was really happy tonight that I was able move my fastball in and out. I was in sequence with my catcher Devin Ivany, I only shook him a couple times. We were on the same page most of the game."
Rosenbaum allowed singles to Tony Sanchez and Kelson Brown in the first three innings, but went on to retire 13 straight batters after that. The streak ended with two outs in the seventh, when Sanchez again singled on a line drive to right field. Adalberto Santos then reached on a fielding error by shortstop Chris McConnell, while Elevys Gonzalez followed with a single of his own to plate the Curve's only run.
"After the error, I was like 'So what? Just get back on there and make another pitch,'" Rosenbaum said. "That's the mindset I've been trying to take after errors -- that's just part of baseball, it happens."
Rosenbaum was perfect for the rest of the game, retiring four of the final seven hitters he faced via the strikeout. On the whole, he excelled at keeping the ball on the ground, generating 14 ground-ball outs and only one flyout.
"Just try to keep the ball down in the zone, that's all they preach to us," he said. "Just try to live at the knees. A couple times, I came up in the zone when I was ahead just trying to get a swing-and-miss, but I was able to stay low. It gave my infielders a chance to make plays, which was great. It gave me a lot of confidence."
Tim Pahuta and Chris Rahl both had strong games for the Senators, combining for four hits, including two home runs, and five RBIs. The pair also crossed home plate three times.
A 22nd-round pick in 2009, Rosenbaum has thrived throughout his professional career, compiling a 2.34 ERA in 365 innings. Last year, he put together a 2.59 ERA in 132 frames for Potomac -- the highest ERA of his career at any level -- and then went on to post a 2.29 mark in 39 1/3 innings at Double-A.
So far this year, the product of Xavier University has gone 2-0 with a 1.25 ERA through his first three starts. He has fanned 16 in 21 2/3 innings and has yet to issue a free pass after walking 52 last season.
"Last year, I had a lot of trouble controlling my fastball," Rosenbaum said. "The year before, I could really put the ball where I wanted to. Last year, I couldn't. I had to figure out how to throw my other pitches. That's all part of the development process. This year, I worked really hard to get back to where I was with my fastball and luckily, I found it. Everything's been going well so far."
For the rest of the season, Rosenbaum simply hopes to continue the success that he's enjoyed so far.
"The ultimate goal from this point, since we're close, is the big leagues," he said. "But I just want to keep doing what I'm doing, stay consistent, keep pounding the strike zone and mixing all my pitches up. Just continue what I'm doing. That's all you can ask for."
David Heck is a contributor to MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues or its clubs.View More