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A9 TV, August 7th, 2012
There are two important things. The first thing that our brothers and sisters should watch out for is; The Satan and the antichrist system, to prevent Islamic Union, mobilizes some Muslims we thought to be devout and many others and works crazily to this end. And they are also very eagerly working for the Great Middle East Project of the USA. The Great Middle East Project depends on people being jealous, aggressive, hostile and loveless. American psychologists have made an assessment and said, "The people of the middle East have lost their religious faith. They are away from Allah, religion, Islam. These people have become racists, feel no love, no mercy and they are fully of cruelty, they are very hostile. Now how can we take advantage of that? We can turn them against each other. We can completely break them apart. We have a great opportunity to break them apart". That's what they say. They say, "There is a Shi'ite group and a Sunni group. Sunnis hate Shi'ites and Shi'ites hate Sunnis." And then there are those stupid people who hate Alawites in Turkey. They harbor so much hatred. They are loveless. Some idiots hate Kurdish people. And some foul people hate the Laz people. It is very surprising, actually because there is actually no reason for them to hate so much. They don't even know what they hate or why they do it. They just hate. So they want to tear the Middle East into pieces by taking advantage of these foolish people.
For example, they now want to incite this hatred in the Middle East, the hatred in Syria, the Sunni-Alawite tension. They are complete bigots. Some of them hate the ladies without headscarves, and it's such a strong hatred. If a headscarf was incumbent upon men, they would have definitely found a way out of it. It's very interesting, they always found a way to get a way out it when there is something that's difficult for them in religious orders; they always came up with invented fatwas.
Because they know that Mahdi system has a unifying feature, America, this time, all of a sudden became deeply occupied with the elimination of the system of Mahdi. These are the American experts, European experts, these are the people who know the Middle East and the Mahdi system very well. They are specialists. These specialists say, "If people embrace the ideal of Mahdi, the thought of Mahdi, whether they are Kurdish, Turkish or Alawites, they unify. Jafarites, Shias, Wahabbis all unite. Since this is a unifying power, what is the issue that will eliminate our idea of disunion?" They say, "Then, eliminate the system of Mahdi with all your might." They first thought of discarding Bediuzzaman. They noticed that Bediuzzaman has enclosed everywhere and there is no way to ignore him. Then they writhed for some while, and I confronted them. They tried to avoid Prophet Jesus (as), the Mahdi system and they are interrelated, so it became a mess for them. We also confronted them there. Now they are in a stage of writhing. Otherwise they would have already accomplished the Grand Middle East Project. It had to have been accomplished by now. They can not accomplish it in any way.
Without love, the reign of Islam over the world is impossible. The world will perish without love, let me say it. Europe has experienced a downfall in the economic sense. America has already experienced a downfall. The world is proceeding towards a disaster. China is all but bankrupt ; in a few years time the Chinese economy will face a downfall. And a great disaster is awaiting the humanity. There is no solution other than the Mahdi system.
If our Muslim brothers are wanting the Unity of Islam, and want this grand Middle East Project to be devastated, they have to learn about the Mahdi system with al their might and speak of it to everyone.
The Mahdi system is a system that embraces and loves everyone.
Alawites are an expression of love, compassion, mercy, beauty, companionship and profundity. Against bigotry and the bigot mindset, our Alawite brothers form a bastion.
Cemevis are mosques; mosques are cemevis. This is said in the sense that we are of the same, we are brothers . They are our dear brothers. If they wish, they can come to mosques; mosques are theirs and so do the cemevis. The entire country is theirs. But we do not agree in people's intervention. They can fulfill every sort of their acts of worship. They can sing the Alawite songs they wish, they are really breathtaking and beautiful. They are people that spread beauty to every corner. Love for animals, plants and profundity are the amazing beauties of Alawites. In the time of Mahdi our Alawite brothers will be extremely comfortable, peaceful and joyful.
( About the Gospel and the Torah)
In the Qur'an, Allah praises the Torah, but they hate the Torah. Are you insane? While Allah praises the Gospel in the Qur'an, they hate it. They have gone nuts. The just parts of the Gospel are light, they are relief and beauty. It talks about love, brotherhood and forgiveness. It makes mention of loving Allah with great exuberance. Do not read those parts that are corrupted; you can discern them from the provisions of the Qur'an. When you are on the road, you do not go and lay under the cars, you follow the main road but you still use the road. You know the side roads also. Similarly you have to know how to read the Gospel. Those parts that are just, that are compatible with the Qur'an are acceptable.
The trinitarian creed stems from the misinterpretation of some of the provisions of the Gospel, because at that time Allah presents Himself as the "Father". Allah employs such a way of addressing so that they can feel love for Allah. Allah says, "You are my sons" to deepen their love. This is not a father-son relation in the literal sense of the word, but as symbolism. Prophet Jesus (as) also did not utter this in the real sense of divinity. "We are all the sons of Allah and I am a son of Allah", he says. He can say this, according to the Gospel. For instance, he can say, "Allah is our Father." It also has a meaning of love. He is our Master, He feeds us, He takes care of us, He helps us when we are sick. This is an expression that encourages love, so that people can understand.
Alawites are very mature. They are people of sound mind, they think rationally, they know how to struggle against bigotry and they are people who experience love exuberantly. They are very amicable. They utter good words and address very well. They love one another very much. They have great love for ladies. They candidly desire the freedom of women. Ladies remain together with the gentlemen during the samah. They do not degrade women like some of the bigots do . Women are very precious for Alawites; they love and respect them very much. They treat them kindly. Alawites are very fond of their honor and chastity. So are our Sunni brothers but in every community there are these bigots .2012-09-17 12:21:26


text: Intel 3945 chipset is supported out of the box in BT4. And I'd suggest that you don't install BT on your computer (in my opinion). If you are completely new to GNU/Linux, begin with the basics : install a user-friendly distro, use it and use BT from time to time when you really need it. Look for GNU/Linux on the internet, then about pentesting. You'll learn faster.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The mission of Pi Sigma Epsilon is to develop the sales and marketing skills of its members through experiential learning and professional opportunities.
As with most visionary companies, leaders know where they want to go and how to get there. The Founders of Pi Sigma Epsilon are great examples of visionary leaders. They showed a strong dedication and desire to establish a collegiate organization to assist members in developing sales and marketing skills through lifetime opportunities. In order to accomplish this, they began with small but necessary steps such as forging a strong relationship with Sales and Marketing Executives. Without this forethought, Pi Sigma Epsilon would not be where we are today.
The Vision Becomes Reality
In 1951, Lloyd L. Antle, an Ohio University graduate and professor of Marketing at Georgia State University (formerly Georgia State College), conceived the idea that the sales profession should have a professional fraternity of its own. Mr. Antle spoke to two other professors - Dr. William H. Harris and Dr. Henry O. Baker - who agreed that in the ensuing years sales and marketing would become a vital force in the economy. These three men, Lloyd Antle, Dr. William Harris, and Dr. Henry Baker, approached Mr. Lewis F. Gordon for his ideas. In addition to being a charismatic and energetic marketing executive, Mr. Gordon had helped to found the Sales and Marketing Executives(SME) association of Atlanta and was a natural choice to help design the first collegiate fraternity in marketing, sales management, and selling.
All four men were members of SME Atlanta. They approached other members, gained their support, set up organizational meetings, and worked diligently to develop plans. After an entire year of planning, with all involved contributing considerable time, effort, and finances, the foundation for this new organization was laid. With input from students, professionals and our founders, five essential aspects of Pi Sigma Epsilon were developed: the Statement of Purpose, Constitution and Bylaws, Creed, Key and Ritual of Initiation. The Greek letters of Pi Sigma Epsilon were carefully chosen to represent members of the fraternity.
Prospective Sales Executives (collegiates)
Preparers of Sales Executives (educators)
Professional Sales Executives (professionals and alumni)
The Fraternity was incorporated under the Georgia Laws of Incorporation on May 14, 1952, and our first chapter, Alpha, was installed at Georgia State University (formerly Georgia State College).
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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. - Florida's "stand your ground" law works and should not be overturned, but the standards for neighborhood watch groups should be looked at by the Legislature, a state task force concluded Friday.
The 44-page report released by Republican Gov. Rick Scott's office said people have a right to feel safe and secure in Florida and have a fundamental right to stand their ground and defend themselves from attack. Most of the recommendations had already been made public.
The report, however, recommended that legislators look at neighborhood watch groups. The parents of Trayvon Martin, a teenager killed a year ago by neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman, had asked the task force to change the 2005 law.
Tracy Martin and Sybrina Fulton asked the task force last June to support a "Trayvon Martin amendment" to the law, which would make it harder for someone who starts a fight to use a self-defense argument under the law.
"Just review and amend it," Fulton said then. "I had to bury my son at 17. He was committing no crime. He was doing no wrong."
Zimmerman claims self-defense. He has pleaded not guilty to a second-degree murder charge.
The 19-member Task Force on Citizens Safety and Protection, which held meetings in seven different Florida cities, recommended to Scott and the Legislature that the role of neighborhood watch participants should be limited to observing, not pursuing, confronting or provoking potential suspects.
"It's what I expected," said Sen. Chris Smith, D-Ft. Lauderdale. "When you put a task force together of people who wrote the bill and full of people who support Stand Your Ground I knew the task force wouldn't come up with anything earth-shattering in their final report."
On Feb. 26, 2012, Zimmerman spotted Martin walking through his neighborhood, a gated community, in Sanford. Martin was walking back to a house he was staying at in the community after a trip to a convenience store. Zimmerman started to follow him because he thought he looked suspicious. Despite a police dispatcher telling him "you don't have to do that," Zimmerman got out of his truck to pursue Martin.
They got into a fight and Martin was shot.
Lawyer John Phillips represents the family of Jordan Davis, who was killed by a man who is also claiming self-defense. Phillips is not impressed with the Task Force ruling.
"So, it was a fairly biased report to go with a fairly biased hearing," said Phillips. "So, it's more of the same."
As Phillips prepares a civil case, he said that he is watching closely as the man accused in the killing, Michael Dunn, may use the Stand Your Ground defense.
Phillips said the law needs serious change, even though he's not asking for it to be thrown out entirely.
"I fully expect other members of the legislature to file the appropriate documents and try to overturn SYG law," said Defense Lawyer Gene Nichols.
Nichols told Channel 4 he doesn't know if making the law more specific or throwing it out will happen.
"The folks involved who backed this bill, also on this panel, will make it difficult to overturn this law," said Nichols.
"We're going to have to collaterally attack the ambiguities," said Phillips. "But the panel has nothing to do with it. The panel is all 'hey, yay, we've got something else on our resumes."
State Rep. Cynthia Stafford, D-Miami, released a statement through the House minority office Friday, disappointed with the panel's final report.
"I just hope this law doesn't cause more deaths," said Stafford, who is sponsoring a measure (HB 123) that would require an overt act for someone claiming the "stand your ground" defense.
Florida's Republican-led Legislature has stood solidly behind the law and would've likely opposed any recommendation that it should be repealed.
Task force vice chairman R.B. Holmes, pastor of the Bethel Missionary Baptist Church in Tallahassee, noted in a letter to the group's chair that Florida's "stand your ground" law "is associated with an increased death toll that falls disproportionately on minority groups" and that "shooting a person in the back, as he is trying to escape, is, by definition, not self-defense."
At a September hearing in West Palm Beach, task force members acknowledged that "stand your ground" cases were not uniformly handled across the state.
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. The Associated Press contributed to this report. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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FORMER Dudley Town boss Andy Wyton is facing the biggest challenge of his fledgling managerial career - keeping Gornal Athletic in the Midland Alliance.
The 39-year-old, who ended his two-year tenure at The Dell last Monday, took over at the Garden Walk Stadium on Thursday where Matt Price recently vacated the hotseat. Price was the second manager of the season following Brian Knight's departure early on in a troubled campaign.
He then made the best possible start as Athletic climbed off the bottom with a surprise 2-1 defeat of Loughborough University, the club's first home win for almost 10 months.
Goals from former Dudley men Drenz Bala (2) and Ross Love were enough for a 3-1 win and Wyton, speaking ahead of last night's crunch meeting with bottom club Continental Star, said having familiar faces around was a major plus.
"I believe there are 14 players here who I had at Dudley but I must point out they signed on dual registration before there was any thought of me coming here.
"I had no intention of leaving Dudley until at least the end of the season, but when this challenge came along I couldn't turn it down.
"It was a chance to manage at a higher level in the Alliance with the challenge of keeping Gornal up.
"I like to think we took Dudley forward, they were bottom when I took over and we finished seventh then finished sixth last season with a record points total for Dudley."
Wyton played nine of his ex-Dudley players against Loughborough on Saturday and he said: "Having players there I could trust helped so I was happy to go with what I know. "But there is still a chance for the lads who were at Gornal when I came here and we had 33 turn up for my first training session.
"I've targeted seven wins from the last 16 games but I think 16 points might even be enough.
"I think I can keep the club up and I don't want to even think about going down, I don't want that on my CV.
"But if it should happen I'll be here next season to try to get them back up."
Gornal have enjoyed good times of late with a run to the latter stages of the FA Vase and a third place finish under Ian Rowe last season.
"There are still expectations as a club," said Wyton. "But the set up is right or I wouldn't have come. It's a proper footballing place.
"I'm looking forward to the opportunity of getting my teeth into it."
Wyton is joined at Gornal by assistant Jason Tonks while John Purdie is joining the coaching staff from fellow Midland Alliance side, Stourport Swifts.


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Brooklyn, N.Y. -- West Elm is opening its first location in Missouri – at the St. Louis Galleria.
The 8,385-sq.-ft. store, slated to open in July, will incorporate works by local artists as part of its plan to support St. Louis talent.
"Our customers are as passionate about supporting artists in their local communities as we are at West Elm," said Jim Brett, president of West Elm. "We are proud to be incorporating some of St. Louis' most talented artists into the assortment for our new store."
Like its other stores, the St. Louis store will feature the West Elm Design Lab, which allows customers to develop their own personal style through mood boards, make a floor plan, style their space, or tap into local recommended designs.


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Allegheny County businesses leery of new pollution policy
Allegheny County health officials on Wednesday approved a long-awaited overhaul of guidelines to manage toxic air pollution, but drew a warning from County Executive Rich Fitzgerald that part of their plan may not last.
The County Board of Health voted 7-1 for new limits on emissions of mercury, benzene and other heavy metals and acid gases from new and expanding businesses. The policy will take effect in February and require permit applicants to do new estimates of the health risks caused by the air pollution that leaves their property.
Fitzgerald, however, said he would intervene to give industrial businesses more leeway concerning the spot where they estimate that risk. He had helped to design a compromise to allow applicants to judge their risk from farther away — the closest neighboring inhabited building, he said.
The board dismissed that compromise, amending the guidelines to use their original spot, the property boundary.
"I was happy that the guidelines passed," Fitzgerald said hours after the vote. "There was an amendment put in there that shouldn't be there, and will most likely be taken out at the next meeting (Jan. 4). That was a mistake."
Health officials had spent seven years trying to update the 1988 air toxics policy. Blaming former County Executive Dan Onorato, they had shelved one plan in 2009.
Donald S. Burke, a board member and dean of the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public Health, spent more than two years leading a special committee of health experts, industry officials and consultants, and environmentalists to draft the proposal passed Wednesday.
"This is an important step forward for public health in Allegheny County and it was a great step to pass it," Burke said. He could not be reached about Fitzgerald's comments.
Industrial leaders complained about the guidelines in the months leading up to the vote, and Fitzgerald helped to delay it once for more time to review comments. But the compromise wouldn't protect homes or buildings that could be developed near a polluter, board member Edith Shapira said as she moved to strike it at the meeting.
Though the revised policy is better than one the board considered in July, businesses still have concerns, Ken Zapinski said on behalf of the Greater Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce.
"We remain concerned that the burden that this policy places on companies to demonstrate that they are in compliance with these redundant regulatory standards will drive jobs and investment out of Allegheny County," Zapinski said.
Former County Councilwoman Joan Cleary cast the only no vote, saying she supports the guidelines but wanted to keep the compromise.
"That was the compromise born out of the public comment and I thought it would be best," said Cleary, a nurse.
The meeting drew more than 25 people, including several supporters. Though some companies have economic concerns, the environmental benefits will help other industries — including high-tech companies whose executives asked for the improvements, Burke said.
Several environmentalists and Ben Avon Councilman Michael Bett, whose borough is downwind of Neville Island pollution, asked officials to remove the compromise. It doesn't protect playgrounds and yards where pollution could affect children, they said.
"To have the board change that amendment at the end is such a good sign that they are really committed to considering public health impacts," said Tom Hoffman, Western Pennsylvania director for Clean Water Action.
Timothy Puko is a staff writer for Trib Total Media. He can be reached at 412-320-7991 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
THE SQL Server Blog Spot on the Web
Have SQL Server performance problems? What are you going to look at? Can you quickly isolate the root cause? Or do you ever find yourself stuck, not sure of what to do next?
That's what the No More Guessing seminar is all about.
This seminar teaches you to use:
All of these techniques will work with any version of SQL Server after 2005, although 2008 and beyond are recommended. (The seminar covers some specific very useful features added in both 2008 and 2012. As soon as 2014 is ready, I look forward to adding some really cool stuff from there as well. SQL Server 2005 just isn't as exciting as it once was.)
This November I am pleased to be teaching this seminar twice in Europe, at the two SQLRally events:
I'm also delivering two breakout sessions at each show. More information on those soon.
Hope to see you in Europe!
If you would like to receive an email when updates are made to this post, please register here
Subscribe to this post's comments using
Hi Adam,
I'm a follower of you - why don't you come somewhat closer - for example, Vienna? Or even Budapest?
I'm sure you could still fill a conference room here as well.
Hi S.E.,
I would love to visit either or both of those cities! Are there any local conferences, training events, or companies you can introduce me to?
Feel free to drop me a line at adam [at] sqlblog
As previously mentioned , I'll be delivering my full-day "No More Guessing" performance troubleshooting
Thx very much! Loved your seminar in Amsterdam last Wednesday :)


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This Forum has been archivedVisit the new Forums
|Forums: Index → Narutopedia Discussion → CCG?
I was looking through Bulbapedia recently and it came to my attention that they actually have most, if not all, of the Pokemon Trading Card Game cards listed under individual articles? I was wondering if there were any plans to do the same here for the Naruto CCG. If there are, I wouldn't mind helping with or even spearheading the project, as I myself like collecting the cards. If there aren't any plans to, should there be? --Everyone's Favorite Idol... Mewshuji! 14:06, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
- What would that look like in articles? What kind of cards exist in the card game. ~NOTASTAFF Daniel Friesen (DanTMan, Nadir Seen Fire) (talk) Jul 23, 2009 @ 16:54 (UTC)
- There's the CCG website if you want some card examples. I'm not sure how practical it would be to have an article for each Naruto Uzumaki card. ~SnapperTo 18:31, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
The Yu-Gi-Oh! Wiki sure does it. I suppose the naruto game isn't as big, but there are still a good number of cards to the point that we couldn't use trivia items. Though to avoid any title conflicts I'd go for a Card: namespace. But what kind of content would go in card articles? That CCG website has a good list and all the information and images there are useful, plus we have the semantic advantage. But would this just become a clone of the card list with the added ability to search? ~NOTASTAFF Daniel Friesen (DanTMan, Nadir Seen Fire) (talk) Jul 23, 2009 @ 20:25 (UTC)


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A measure of manufacturing activity showed a ninth straight month of contraction in November as firms complained of soft demand, higher energy costs and a strong dollar.
The Australian Industry Group's performance of manufacturing index (PMI) dipped 1.6 points in November to 43.6, reversing a 1.1 point gain the month before.
That left the index well below the 50 level that is supposed to mark the threshold between contraction and expansion. The softness was broad based with only one of 11 sectors covered showing growth.
In an ill omen for the labour market the survey of 200 firms found a sharp pullback in hiring intentions with the index of employment dropping 5.0 points to 41.7.
Sizable falls were recorded in sectors from chemicals, petroleum & coal products to basic metals, fabricated metals, transport equipment and miscellaneous manufactures.
The index of production fell 0.4 points to 44.8, while that for new orders declined by 0.4 points to 43.5.
The survey suggested profit margins remained under pressure, with wages and input costs rising while selling prices declined.


text:
You exercise your body to stay physically in shape, so why shouldn't you exercise your brain to stay mentally fit? With these daily exercises you will learn how to flex your mind, improve your creativity and boost your memory. As with any exercise, repetition is necessary for you to see improvement, so pick your favorite exercises from our daily suggestions and repeat them as desired. Try to do some mentalrobics every single day!
adj :: Lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or challenge. Dull.
"Although his early poetry seems insipid, his later work is more interesting."
Similar Articles
Word of the Day : Loquacious
Word of the Day : Veneration
Word of the Day : Vituperate
Word of the Day : Deliquesce
Word of the Day : Prolix


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BHP chief hits out at Browse optionsPeter Ker
Published: November 30 2012 - 3:00AM
BHP Billiton boss Marius Kloppers has taken a thinly veiled swipe at the lease conditions set by governments for the Browse gas project, suggesting it was not ideal to be given only one site to investigate.
Controversy over the location of the $30 billion LNG plant has been running hot this week, after WA Premier Colin Barnett said he would try to force the proponents - Woodside Petroleum, BHP and Shell - to develop the plant on land at James Price Point near Broome in Western Australia.
Shell is understood to favour a floating LNG processing facility, and that option is also favoured by environmental and indigenous groups who believe James Price Point is too sensitive to host such a large industrial development.
Speaking at BHP's AGM on Thursday, Mr Kloppers highlighted that the companies had little option but to investigate the James Price Point option, because state and federal governments had mandated that as the only option.
Mr Kloppers said he was not seeking to comment on the Browse project specifically, but indicated he would have been happier to have more options to study. ''As an industrial company, more options is always more valuable,'' he said.
Woodside is the operator of the Browse project and is due to report back on the economic viability of James Price Point within the next seven months.
Mr Kloppers said each joint venture partner would be able to commit, dilute its exposure or withdraw altogether from the project once that study had been digested.
The WA government is very keen to see the project go ahead at James Price Point to ensure that some of the economic benefits are enjoyed within the state.
The project would also help encourage other gas fields to be developed off the Kimberley coast.
Mr Barnett attended a conference with the bosses of Woodside and Shell on Wednesday in Perth, and took the opportunity to reinforce his lack of appetite for the companies to consider any other site beyond James Price Point.
Mr Barnett said if Woodside deemed the site uneconomic, he would remind them that Chevron was able to site its massive Gorgon and Wheatstone LNG projects on WA soil.
Earlier this week Mr Barnett questioned the safety of floating LNG technologies - which Shell plans to use for the Prelude gas field.
This story was found at: http://www.theage.com.au/business/bhp-chief-hits-out-at-browse-options-20121129-2aine.html


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Saturday, September 13, 2008
Hometown Headlines
Also got a phone call from one of the staff, saying the first floor of UTMB was flooded... so, we are increasingly relieved to have evacuated when we did.
Thank you so much again to everyone who made kind overtures -- and NO, it is not selfish at all to ask questions about our medical aftermath -- it keeps us busy and gives us something to do other than sit around whining about how much our legs hurt ;) We are happy to know folks are interested enough to express concern, and we are truly touched by how many people have said they are pulling for us.
If anything, we felt like we should pipe down about our tiny personal experience with such a gigantic evacuation, given how many hundreds of thousands of people were displaced and how many MILLIONS are now without power or assessing storm damage... but, we only have the power to work through each day, trying to take care of ourselves and each other.
We caused something of a stir among the nurses and patients here. Someone poked their head into my room this morning and said, "Are you one of the NASA people?" He wanted to ask about our study, and many of the nurses have asked for details. The hospital chaplain even descended upon Devin, wanting to know about the criteria for screening! So we are in the good hands of people who are watching us closely for problems, and also helping us reach our fitness goals each day! :)
4 comments:
Heather & Devin,
So glad you all were able to evacuate safely. Looks like they made the right call there.
It is fascinating reading your reactions to "reentry". Please continue your blog to keep us up to date with your progress. I really enjoyed your pictures. At least you all have a sense of humor about this.
My prayers are with those from Galvastan and the surrounding area who cared so well for you.
- September 13, 2008 at 12:16 PM
- Kim said...
It's been a pleasure to learn about you and your fellow 'pillownauts' contribution to science. I'm glad we haven't bothered ya'll too much :) With your interest in space, I have one question, do you have to have a minimum of a PhD to become an astronaut?
- September 13, 2008 at 12:39 PM
Keep the Mystery going about your NASA pin cushion experience as long as you can! :-) Seriously, Mr & Mrs. L (us) are extremely glad you are *all* ok, and having watched all the TV coverage, our hearts go out to especially the residents of Galveston. We are still planning to visit Houston to do our small part in supporting the economy there as it recovers and pursuing our interest in space travel, and to see you! Live Long and Prosper
- September 14, 2008 at 1:10 AM
- Mike said...
I hope you keep writing. I can both make a donation and read your blog!
Hockey Chica Mike
- September 14, 2008 at 9:18 AM


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Assessment |
Biopsychology |
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Individual differences |
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Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Other fields of psychology: AI · Computer · Consulting · Consumer · Engineering · Environmental · Forensic · Military · Sport · Transpersonal · Index
Solitary confinement is a special form of imprisonment in which a prisoner is isolated from any human contact, though often with the exception of members of prison staff. It is sometimes employed as a form of punishment beyond incarceration for a prisoner and has been cited as an additional measure of protection from the inmate or is given for violations of prison regulations. It is also used as a form of protective custody and to implement a suicide watch.
Solitary confinement is colloquially referred to in American English as "the hotbox", "the hole", "lockdown", "SCU" (Solitary Confinement Unit), "AdSeg" (Administrative Segregation), the "SHU" (pronounced "shoe")—an acronym for "security housing unit", or "the pound"; and in British English as "the block" or "the cooler".[1][2] In Canada they are known as a Special Handling Unit.
Issues of mental health and insanity due to solitary confinement and other extreme forms of isolation date back to the 19th century and have been broadly researched by a variety of academics and scholars. Historically, Quakers and Calvinists could both be seen in supporting solitary confinement. In 1818, New York reformer and Friend, Thomas Eddy, lobbied for inmate labor and solitary confinement in place of other forms of punishment such as hanging. Shortly after, New York decided to include solitary confinement and inmate labor into their penal system. Some of these early prison experiments indicated that prisoners may prefer the lash over solitary, because it did not induce permanent damage and would not incite madness like solitary confinement did.[3] Mental instability has been linked to solitary confinement since as far back as the 1860s. Prison records from the Denmark institute during 1870-1920 illustrate that staff noticed inmates were exhibiting signs of mental illnesses while in isolation, revealing that this persistent problem has been around for decades.[4]
The practice is used when a prisoner is considered dangerous to oneself or to others, is suspected of organizing or being engaged in illegal activities outside of the prison, or, in the case of a prisoner such as a pedophile or witness, is at a high risk of being harmed by another inmate or inmates.[citation needed] The latter example is a form of protective custody. Solitary confinement is also the norm in Supermax prisons where prisoners who are deemed dangerous or of high risk are held.
Solitary Confinement in JuvenilesEdit
Solitary confinement is also a practice used on juveniles in government institutions like jails and prisons, although the information available for its use on juveniles is limited. In October 2006, approximately 2,658 facilities in the United States held 92,093 juvenile offenders on the day of the census.[5] Juveniles are held in solitary confinement in jails and prisons across the United States, often for days, weeks, months, or even years in order to punish, protect, house, or treat some of the youth held there.[6] One of such institutions for juveniles is Rikers Island in New York City. The New York City Department of Corrections reported that in fiscal year 2012 more than 14.4 percent of all adolescents in detained at Rikers Island between the ages of 16 and 18 were held in at least one period of solitary confinement while detained.[7] The average length of time young people spent in solitary confinement at Rikers Island was 43 days. More than 48 percent of adolescents at this institution have diagnosed mental health problems.[8]
Effects and Access to CareEdit
The effects of solitary confinement on juveniles can be highly detrimental to their growth. The isolation of solitary confinement can cause anguish, provoke serious mental and physical health problems, and work against rehabilitation for juveniles.[9] Because young people are still developing, traumatic experiences like solitary confinement may have a profound effect on their chance to rehabilitate and grow.[6] Solitary confinement can worsen both short- and long-term psychological and physical problems or make it more likely that such problems will develop.[10] The ACLU and Human Rights Watch created a report that incorporated the testimony of some juvenile inmates. Many interviews described how their placement in solitary confinement exacerbated the stresses of being in jail or prison. Many spoke of harming themselves with staples or razors, having hallucinations, losing touch with reality, and having thoughts of or attempting suicide - all this while having very limited access to health care.[11]
Juveniles in solitary confinement are routinely denied access to treatment, services, and programming required to meet their medical, psychological, developmental, social, and rehabilitative needs.[12] The ACLU and the Human Rights Watch have made recommendations at both a State and Federal level regarding their lack of access to medical services etc.
The UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and other UN bodies have stated that the solitary confinement (physical and social isolation of 22–24 hours per day for 1 day or more) of young people under age 18, for any duration, constitutes cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment.[13]
Solitary confinement in the United StatesEdit
In the US Federal Prison system, solitary confinement is known as the Special Housing Unit (SHU),[14] pronounced /ˈʃuː/. California's prison system also uses the abbreviation SHU, but it stands for Security Housing Units.[15] In other states, it is known as the Special Management Unit (SMU).[16]
Current estimates of the number of inmates held in solitary confinement are difficult to determine, though generally the minimum held at any given time has been determined to be 20,000, with estimates as high as 80,000.[17]
Solitary Confinement in CaliforniaEdit
When California opened its first "adjustment center," the goal was to return prisoners to the mainline prison population and ultimately to a society through an enrichment program of psychological and social services.[18] However, the plan was never executed. In 1983, George Deukemejian was elected as the California governor and during his time, he formed what was then the state's newest prison – a massive, windowless "security housing unit" (SHU). SHU was intended to segregate over a thousand prisoners from the rest of the prison system through isolation. Deukemejian boasted that the Pelican Bay State Prison was a "state-of-the-art prison that will serve as a model for the rest of the nation...".[18]
The prisoners are kept confined to their cells almost twenty-three hours a day and all forms of human contact through refined locking and monitoring systems are minimized. Pelican Bay SHU was one of the first visible "super-maximum security" facilities and thus it attracted lots of media attention.[18] Those opposing the conditions of California's "supermax" resulted in the federal court criticizing certain features of the prison but left the basic regimen of segregation and isolation largely intact.[18]
One of the policies of supermax confinement among other policies is designed to increase punishment by removing gang members from the mainline population and subject them to solitary confinement, whether it is for a set amount of time or an indefinite duration. In a recent study, it noted that the California Department of corrections has implemented ways to fix their alleged gang problem, such as using 'confidential informants,' segregating gang members, intercepting gang communications, setting up task forces to monitor and track gang members, locking up gang leaders in high security prisons, and 'locking down' entire institutions.[18]
These facilities, supermax prisons, were originally designed to contain and control the worst criminals and those who did not adhere to the rules of prisons, aka "the worst of the worst".[19] As of 2001, the count of inmates in administrative segregation in California was 5,982 representing an 80.2% change over time, but this number is not quite correct due to deficient files provided.[20] Increasingly, the practice of using solitary confinement long term, instead of the intended three-month period, in the supermax prisons as inmate management has become the norm.[19] The selected inmates, who wear jumpsuits that differentiate them from the general population, will spend around 23 hours a day alone in a cell where they are offered very little and fully monitored as is procedure at Pelican Bay State Prison which is one the largest supermax prisons in the United States.[19] In order to be sent to Pelican Bay, the inmate has either committed murder, assault, riots, threatening staff or fellow inmates, and even gang affiliation which must be validated by the prison staff.[19]
There are 22 SHU units of Pelican Bay which include 132 eight-cell pods that are lit by heavy Plexiglass skylights enclosed by steel cell doors.[19] The inmates are provided with a concrete slab as a bed, a toilet, small shelf, and a concrete stool with no windows in an 80 sq. foot space.[19] California prisons allow for assault rifles in the control rooms which are situated in the middle of the semicircle of its pods.[19] These control rooms add further isolation for the inmates because it eliminates the need for face-to-face interaction between staff and inmate, and their food plates are pushed through a small slot in the door.[19] The only form of exercise allowed is once a day for an hour and a half where they're taken to a 26 by 20 foot area surrounded by 20 foot high cement walls and subjected to strip searches before and after the allotted time.[19] Only one prisoner from each pod can move at a time and must be handcuffed, which are also attached to a belly chain, plus cuffed at the ankles before they can leave.[19] No lethal force has been used against fighting inmates in the SHU. Inmates who have made the decision to debrief, are placed into debriefing pods while the investigation into their claims are validated.[21] Once their claims have been validated, they are placed into the Transitional Housing Unit (THU) which is located in facility B building 3 (B-3). Those inmates in the THU are separated from the General Population inmates by staggering their yard times, visiting times, education and law library times.
In San Quentin State Prison, the violence rates were still high in the 1980s despite the similar lockdowns and procedures of Pelican Bay because these prisoners use the small windows out of lockdown to either harm themselves or others.[22] They typically will try not to harm themselves while in the psychiatric hospital ward either, but they will plan out while in lockdown until they can see their plan through.[22] However even as they near their release dates, they are moved to "prerelease programs" out of the SHU which are successful with some prisoners, but it causes most others to become even more uncontrollable and unpredictable due to their mental states that aren't properly cared for or screened.[22]
In May 2012, California's prison system faced a lawsuit from the Center for Constitutional Rights and a group of California attorneys for the use of long terms of solitary confinement, some lasting for decades.[23]
Disciplinary Segregation in New YorkEdit
Since the 1980s, New York City Department of Correction have increased the use of segregation as a discipline and management tool. In effect, segregation is a secondary sentence imposed by the correctional facility, which is usually unrelated to the conviction for which the person is incarcerated for.[24] There is nothing special about a small confined space where individuals are subject to no outside interaction with the rest of the prison population or the rest of the world. Inmates called solitary confinement "the box," or "the cage" summarizing the physical features that a place like this is, which ultimately is torture. There are high rates of use of solitary confinement in New York when compared to other U.S. states. Within the New York prison system, solitary confinement is frequently imposed for nonviolent, "trivial prisoner offenses." Usually the common misconception is that solitary confinement is a punishment of last resort, reserved for inmates who present a threat of violence or escape.[25] Inmates that are released from solitary confinement go through a "transitional unit" but failure in the program results in their return to solitary confinement. Overall, most of the inmates fail and return to solitary confinement.[26] The reality is, especially in New York, that this is a punishment of first resort. New York has the highest rate of "disciplinary segregation" in the country, making solitary confinement a regular every day action among the prison. Although prisons nationwide have decreased use of solitary confinement, the New York City Department of Correction expanded its capacity by 27 percent in 2011 and another 44 percent in 2012, according to the NYC Jails Action Coalition. Although the DOC housed 1,000 more inmates in 1990 than it does today, its' jails have more solitary cells now. Due to this the city is topping the charts of municipalities with a high rate of solitary confinement.[27] On any given day, there are about 4,500 men, women, and children in some form of isolated confinement in New York State prisons. This is not including New York City's jails, which are run under a separate system, where those in solitary confinement reach close to 1,000 or more.[25] There is a sense of struggle when it comes to the development of human rights consciousness and where the fight for this should be taking place. New Yorkers may be unconscious of the torture in their own backyards and that their living with "black sites." [25]
A new bill was introduced by Councilman Danny Dromm would require the Department of Correction to post a monthly report on its website about punitive segregation. It would also require data on the number of people in punitive segregation, the length of time in this setting, the nature of the infractions, age, mental health, if they were prescribed medication or moved to a hospital, violence against others and inmate requests.[27] Many are supportive of this bill with the goal being to make jail facilities safer for inmates and correction officers.Individuals who are released and experience solitary confinement go back into their communities and reoffend at higher rates than general population prisoners causing them to land back into prison. Policy changes that will reduce the use and long-term impact of segregation will benefit not only the staff and prisoners in these units but also ultimately the well-being of facilities, systems, and the community.[24] Councilman Dromm also issued a separate resolution seeking to end the practice of the time owed. For example, an inmate, because of good behavior or other reasons, might only have served 100 of his or her 180-day sentence in solitary and then was released. A few years or even decades later the person is rearrested. Under current rules he or she must complete those unserved 80 days in solitary. This resolution however is only a request since the Council does not have the authority to make the Department of Correction adhere.[27]
Solitary confinement in the UKEdit
Solitary confinement as a disciplinary measure for prisoners in Europe was largely reduced or eliminated during the twentieth century.[28] In 2004, only 40 out of 75,000 inmates held in England and Wales were placed in solitary confinement cells.[29]
The effect of solitary confinement on mental health has been studied and discussed by psychiatrists since the 1930s.[30] According to psychiatrist Stuart Grassian, a specialist in the area, inmates are more likely to under-report than to over-report its effects (i.e., "Some of the guys can't take it—not me"). Grassian has found that common effects of solitary confinement include increased sensitivity to stimuli, hallucinations, and other changes in perception, as well as cognitive problems including memory loss, difficulty thinking, and impulsiveness.[31] These effects may together constitute a unique syndrome, sometimes called "SHU syndrome".[32] Others term it "Social-Sensory Deprivation Syndrome".[33] Grassian's 1983 study of inmates at Walpole State Prison is credited with identifying (duration and degree of) sensory deprivation as an important variable in mental health outcomes.[30]
Craig Haney built upon Grassian's findings and found the following symptoms present among inmates housed in SHUs: anxiety, headaches, chronic tiredness, trouble sleeping, impending nervous breakdown, perspiring hands, heart palpitations, loss of appetite, trembling hands and nightmares.[34] Haney also found that suicidal thoughts, perceptual distortions, chronic depression, emotional flatness, violent fantasies, social withdrawal and ruminations were present among these inmates a short time after admittance into the SHU.
Some have argued that evidence for a unique syndrome is insufficient and accused its proponents of bias because they advocate for prisoners in legal cases relating to solitary confinement.[35] A study conducted by the Colorado Department of Corrections found that solitary confinement did not undermine mental health, and suggested that inmates in isolation often had mental health problems that should not be attributed to the isolation itself.[36]
Some sociologists argue that prisons create a unique social environment that do not allow inmates to create strong social ties outside or inside of prison life. Therefore, women are more likely to become depressed than men, because they do not feel supported by their respective families outside of prison. However, men are more likely to become frustrated, and therefore more mentally unstable when keeping up with family outside of prisons.[37] Extreme forms of solitary confinement and isolation can affect the larger society as a whole. The resocialization of newly released inmates who spent an unreasonable amount of time in solitary confinement and thus suffer from serious mental illnesses is a huge dilemma for society to face.[38]
Solitary confinement has been criticized in specific instances as well as for its overall effects. Despite the debate and literature about the psychological effects solitary confinement has on prisoners, the government and prison administrators have very few intentions of ending solitary confinement or security housing units.[39] Solitary confinement becomes a social issue because inmates will lose important skills to survive in society; "some will lose the ability impose internal organization on their daily routines, jeopardizing their prison adjustment. Others will suffer the loss of emotional control...".[39] Most of the inmates in secure housing units are minorities and the psychological effects that solitary confinement has on them will ensure that they may become "functionally excluded from living socially productive lives".[39] Because most of the inmates in solitary confinement are minorities,[39] the issue of racialization of space and social/racial justice is contended in the prison system's use of solitary confinement.
In 2002, the Commission on Safety and Abuse in America, chaired by John Joseph Gibbons and Nicholas Katzenbach found that: "The increasing use of high-security segregation is counter-productive, often causing violence inside facilities and contributing to recidivism after release."[40]
Solitary confinement has been traditionally used as a behavioral reform of isolating prisoners physically, emotionally and mentally in order to control and change inmate behavior. Recently arrived inmates are more likely to violate prison rules than their inmate counterparts and thus are more likely to be put in solitary confinement. Additionally, individual attributes and environmental factors combine to increase an inmate's likelihood of being put into solitary confinement.[41]
Solitary confinement is considered to be a form of psychological torture[28] when the period of confinement is longer than a few weeks or is continued indefinitely.[42] The case of Thomas Silverstein has been somewhat criticized. Silverstein has spent the last Template:Age years of his imprisonment in solitary confinement as a result of him murdering a prison guard in Marion, Illinois. He is thought to have been in solitary confinement longer than any other prisoner in the world. Silverstein is currently incarcerated at the Federal Supermax Prison in Florence, Colorado. The International Red Cross has expressed concern of 'significant problems' with U.S. confinement techniques, and U.S. prison policies have faced mounting legal challenges.[43] America's detention system is far below the basic minimum standards for treatment of prisoners under international law.[43] The United States' increasingly harsh treatment of its civilian prison population in maximum-security prisons ("supermax facilities") nationwide has caused an international human rights concern.[43] America's solitary confinement practices contravene international treaty law, violate established international norms, and do not represent sound foreign policy.[43]
Negative psychological effects have been documented,[44] leading one judge in a 2001 suit to rule that "[Solitary confinement] units are virtual incubators of psychoses—seeding illness in otherwise healthy inmates and exacerbating illness in those already suffering from mental infirmities."[45]
Misuse of solitary confinement has been widely controversial. In immigration detention centers, reports have surfaced concerning its use against detainees in order to keep those knowledgeable about their rights away from other detainees.[46] In the prison-industrial complex itself, reports of solitary confinement as punishment in work labor prisons have also summoned much criticism.[47] One issue prison reform activists have fought against is the use of Security Housing Units (extreme forms of solitary confinement). They argue that they do not rehabilitate inmates but rather serve only to cause inmates psychological harm.[48] Further reports of placing prisoners into solitary confinement based on sexual orientation, race and religion have been an ongoing but very contentious subject in the last century.[49]
Opponents of solitary confinement hold that it is a form of cruel and unusual punishment[50] and torture[51] because the lack of human contact, and the sensory deprivation that often go with solitary confinement, can have a severe negative impact on a prisoner's mental state[52] that may lead to certain mental illnesses such as depression, permanent or semi-permanent changes to brain physiology,[53] an existential crisis,[31][54][55][56] and death.[51]
International PerceptionEdit
The International community's approach toward the treatment of prisoners has evolved into a formal recognition of basic prisoners' rights, setting out minimum standards and prohibitions applicable to prisoners and prison conditions.[57] Although great strides have been made in the formation of this international body of law, prisoners remain a vulnerable population. Since prisons are by nature out of sight, and prisoners are outcasts, they become easy targets for continued human rights abuses even in countries that generally respect human rights.[57] Solitary confinement and prolonged segregation in U.S prisons fail to abide by either the international standards for prison management or internationally established protections for prisoner rights.[58] The United States holds itself to a lesser standard than other industrialized nations, determining that the Eighth Amendment of the U.S Constitution provides adequate protection against punishments compromising prisoners' human dignity.[58] International law and its various international treaties and covenants-the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention Against Torture and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, among others, contain the prohibition of torture.[59] International courts interpreting these documents have determined four elements of torture: severity, intent, objective, and officiality.[59] Use of solitary sonfinement in the U.S contravenes international law, fulfilling all four elements of torture.[59] International law also requires an in depth periodic review of a prisoner's long term solitary confinement to consider the prisoner's behavior while in prison.[60] The Committee Against Torture, the European Court of Human Rights, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have made it clear that solitary confinement should be an exceptional measure of limited duration that is subject to strict judicial review when applied and prolonged.[60]
Solitary confinement of youthEdit
Some oppose specifically the solitary confinement of young people, arguing that this practice is particularly harmful and unjust. A 2012 report by the American Civil Liberties Union and Human Rights Watch contests that solitary confinement can traumatize young people and deny them access to special services necessary for rehabilitation.[61]
Access to health careEdit
Research has shown that the routine features of prison can make huge demands on limited coping resources. After prison many ex-convicts with mental illness do not receive adequate treatment for their mental health issues, because health services turn them away. This is caused by restrictive policies or lack of resources for treating the formerly incarcerated individual.[62] In a study focusing on women and adolescent men, those who had health insurance, received mental health services, or had a job were less likely to return to jail. However, very few of the 1,000 individuals in this study received support from mental health services.[63]
Novak v. BetoEdit
In 1971, inmates challenged the constitutionality of the treatment that they were receiving in their Texas Department of Corrections (TDC) facility.[64] Specifically, they asked whether the TDC regulation banning all inmate assistance in the preparation of writs of habeas corpus and other legal work is unconstitutional. They also argued that the conditions of solitary confinement as administered in Texas as constituted cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. The U.S. 5th Circuit Court found against the inmates held in the Texas department of corrections on all of the issues presented: the legal assistance regulation that was being reviewed held no merit, and the treatment that was being administered in the Texas solitary confinement sector was not unconstitutional.[64]
Ford v. Board of New Jersey state prisonEdit
Appellant Ford alleged that he had been confined in solitary in the New Jersey State Prison at Trenton.[65] While he was in the solitary confinement section, he claims that he was exposed to conditions including (but not limited to) having no access to a wash bowl or running water and was therefore not able to maintain himself hygienically. He claims to have only had been allowed to shower once every 5th day at the discretion of the officer in charge.[65] The cell was said to have never been cleaned while he resided inside and therefore a stench lingered in the unit.[65] As for food, Ford says that he was allowed "4 slices of bread and a pint of water 3 times daily and one 'full' meal every third day." [65] In this case, it was decided by the court that the conditions described by the appellant do not constitute cruel and/or unusual punishment.[65]
The use of long-term solitary confinement, along with other grievances, has triggered organized resistance from prisoners and advocacy groups in the United States. Prisoners in California and elsewhere have launched hunger strikes, citing cruel and unusual uses of solitary confinement as a major reason. Hundreds of prisoners in the United States, acting through the Center for Human Rights and Constitutional Law, have in 2012 filed a petition against solitary confinement at the United Nations. The petition alleges that solitary confinement constitutes torture and should be addressed by the international community.[66] The 2013 California prisoner hunger strike saw approximately 29,000 prisoners protesting conditions.[67] Dr. Eisenman, a Art History professor and activist, who is involved in many "stop max" movements centered in Illinois, studies solitary confinement and explains its eventual decline.[68] Since the 1800s solitary confinement was practiced in the penitentiary systems and its implementation and popularity at various prisons grew throughout the centuries.[68] The practice of solitary confinement grew partly because of stigmatizing language used to refer to certain prisoners like 'the worst of the worst,' which became a form of "self-justifying the logic of torture".[68] Yet, as the use of solitary confinement progressed, public discourse around solitary confinement transitioned from a legitimate form of punishment to torture.[68] Because many prisoners in solitary confinement suffered severe mental and physical illnesses, Eisenman describes that by the end of the nineteenth century "prisoner isolation and sensory deprivation were widely understood to be forms of torture".[68] Therefore, human rights groups condemned the use of solitary confinement or 'supermax' systems, and national and local 'stop max' movements have initiated in America and worldwide to stop the use of solitary confinement.[68] There are many radical American organizations campaigning and advocating for prisoners' rights and against solitary confinement.[69]
Possible solution to alleviate mental health stress in prisons is the idea of cultural competence, where those working for the prison system adapt and acknowledge an inmate's culture to better adjust an inmate to jail. This does not currently exist in the prison system, but has been suggested to improve the experience of people of color in the prison system and those affected by solitary confinement. Restorative justice may be seen as an overall alternative to punitive measures.
The argument in favor of solitary confinement for those not already sentenced to it is generally to ensure a prisoner's protection and prison staff/guards. Earlier justifications for solitary confinement in the mid 20th century included protection for a prisoner whose sexual orientation, religion, or race were far too different and seen as vulnerable to attack from fellow inmates.
See alsoEdit
- Client rights
- Dangerousness
- Hospitalization
- Involuntary commitment
- Involuntary treatment
- Physical restraint
- Patient violence
- Social isolation
- Solitude
- Timeout
- ↑ Army captain was real life 'Cooler King' from The Great Escape. The Daily Telegraph. URL accessed on 16 April 2010.
- ↑ Cooler King recalls Great Escape. BBC News. URL accessed on 16 April 2010.
- ↑ Graber, Jennifer (Fall 2008). "When Friends Had the Management It Was Entirely Different": Quakers and Calvinists in the Making of New York Prison Discipline. Quaker History 97: 19–40.
- ↑ Smith, Peter Scharff (August 2008). "Degenerate Criminals": Mental Health and Psychiatric Studies of Danish Prisoners in Solitary Confinement, 1870–1920. Criminal Justice and Behavior 35: 1048–1064.
- ↑ Read, N., & O'Cummings, M Fact Sheet: Juvenile Justice Facilities. URL accessed on 6 May 2013.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States.
- ↑ ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States, 131–132.
- ↑ ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States.
- ↑ ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States.
- ↑ ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States.
- ↑ ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States, 29–35.
- ↑ ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States, 3, 92.
- ↑ ACLU/Human Rights Watch (2012). Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons in the United States.
- ↑ Institution Supplement – Visiting Regulations, USP McCreary (from the Bureau of Prisons, US Department of Justice website. Accessed 2008 May 1.)
- ↑ Visitors, State Prison, Corcoran (CSP-COR) (from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation website. Accessed 2008 May 1.)
- ↑ Voices from Solitary: "An Insane Asylum Disguised As an SMU". Solitary Watch.
- ↑ Naday, A., Freilich, J. & Mellow, Jeff. (2008), The Elusive Data on Supermax Confinement, The Prison Journal 88, 69.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Haney, Craig, Mona Lynch (1997). Regulating Prisons of the Future: A Psychological Analysis of Supermax and Solitary Confinement. New York University Review of Law and Social Change 23: 478–558.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 King, Katie, Benjamin Steiner, and Stephanie R. Breach. "Violence in the Supermax: A Self Fulfilling Prophecy." The Prison Journal 88.1 (2008): 144-68. ArticleFirst. Web. 20 Mar. 2013.
- ↑ Naday, Alexandra, Joshua Freilich, and Jeff Mellow. "The Elusive Data on Supermax Confinement." The Prison Journal 88.1 (2008): 69-93. ArticleFirst. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.
- ↑ Former employee at Pelican Bay State Prison
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Kupers, Terry. "What to Do With the Survivors? Coping With the Long-Term Effects of Isolated Confinement." Criminal Justice and Behavior 35.8 (2008): 1005-016. ArticleFirst. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.
- ↑ includeonly>Devereaux, Ryan. "Prisoners challenge legality of solitary confinement lasting more than a decade", 31 May 2012.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Angela Browne, Alissa Cambier and Suzanne Agha. "Prisons Within Prisons: The Use of Segregation in the United States." Federal Sentencing Reporter , Vol. 24, No. 1, Sentencing Within Sentencing (October 2011), pp. 46-49. Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Vera Institute of Justice.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Casella, Jean, and James Ridgeway. "New York's Black Sites." Nation 295.5/6 (2012): 18-24.
- ↑ O'Keefe, Maureen,L. "Administrative Segregation from within. A Corrections Perspective." Prison Journal 88.1 (2008): 123-43. .
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Bartlett,Josey. (editor) "Bill aims to reduce solitary confinement." <http://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/bill-aims-to-reduce-solitary-confinement/article_45a63073-4949-51ee-a404-72d7816288c0.html>
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Gawande, Atul Is long-term solitary confinement torture?. The New Yorker. URL accessed on 16 April 2010.
- ↑ Tapley, Lance The Worst of the Worst: Supermax Torture in America. Boston Review. URL accessed on 18 December 2010.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Sally Mann Romano, "If the Shu Fits: Cruel and Unusual Punishment at California's Pelican Bay State Prison", 45 Emory L. J. 1089 (1996).
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Stuart Grassian, "Psychopathological effects of solitary confinement" American Journal of Psychiatry Online 1983; 140: 1450–1454.
- ↑ Stuart Grassian, "Psychiatric Effects of Solitary Confinement", 22 Wash. U. J.L. & Pol'y 325 (2006)
- ↑ Terence T. Gorski, "Post Incarceration Syndrome and Relapse", 2000.
- ↑ Haney, Craig (2003). Mental health issues in long-term solitary and "supermax" confinement. Crime and Delinquency 49 (1): 124–156.
- ↑ Annette Hanson, "Solitary Confinement: Rumor and Reality", Shrink Rap Today, 25 August 2011.
- ↑ Maureen L. O'Keefe, M.A., Kelli J. Klebe, Ph.D., Alysha Stucker, B.A., Kristin Sturm, B.A., and William Leggett, B.A., "One Year Longitudinal Study of the Psychological Effects of Administrative Segregation", report submitted to the US Department of Justice, 31 October 2010.
- ↑ Lindquist, Christine H. (NaN undefined NaN). {{{title}}}. Sociological Forum 15 (3): 431–455.
- ↑ Kupers, T. A. (NaN undefined NaN). What To Do With the Survivors? Coping With the Long-Term Effects of Isolated Confinement. Criminal Justice and Behavior 35 (8): 1005–1016.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Haney, Craig, Mona Lynch (1997). Regulating prisons of the future: A psychological analysis of supermax and solitary confinement. NYU Rev. L. Social Change 20: 477–569.
- ↑ Confronting Confinement: A Report of The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons. The Commission on Safety and Abuse in America's Prisons. URL accessed on 18 June 2011..
- ↑ Adams, Kenneth (NaN undefined NaN). Adjusting to Prison Life. Crime and Justice 16: 275.
- ↑ Error on call to template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified Tracy Hresko url=http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&context=pilr.+Pace International Law Review.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 Vasiliades, Elizabeth (2005). Solitary Confinement and International Human Rights: Why the US Prison System Fails Global Standards.. Am. U. Int'l L. Rev 21: 71–101.
- ↑ Psychological Effects of Solitary Confinement. Solitary Watch. URL accessed on 18 June 2011.
- ↑ Ruiz v Johnson, 154 F.Supp.2d 975 (S.D.Tex.2001)
- ↑ (May 2009). Into the Abyss: Mortality and Morbidity Among Detained Immigrants. Human Rights Quarterly 31: 474–495.
- ↑ (2002). Corporations Go to Prisons: The Expansion of Corporate Power in the Correctional Industry. Labor Studies Journal 27 (1): 45–69.
- ↑ Liebling, Alison (1999). Prison Suicide and Prisoner Coping. Crime and Justice 26: 283–359.
- ↑ (October 2011). Prisons Within Prisons: The Use of Segregation in the United States. Federal Sentencing Reporter 24: 46–49.
- ↑ Trend toward solitary confinement worries experts – Tyre, Peg; US News, 1998 9 January
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 "Survivors of Solitary Confinement". National Radio Project: Making Contact. 3 June 2009. No. 22, season 12. Direct link to audio file.
- ↑ Solitary Confinement Torture In The US – Kerness, Bonnie; National Coordinator of the 'National Campaign to Stop Control Unit Prisons', 1998
- ↑ Stuart Grassian Psychiatric effects of solitary confinement (redacted, non-institution and non-inmate specific version of a declaration submitted in September 1993 in Madrid v. Gomez, 889F.Supp.1146. California, USA. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
- ↑ Haney Mental Health Issues in Long-Term Solitary and "Supermax" Confinement, Crime Delinquency. 2003; 49: 124–156
- ↑ Karen Franklin Segregation Psychosis (from the author's private website, with further references. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
- ↑ Harold I. Schwartz, Death Row Syndrome and Demoralization: Psychiatric Means to Social Policy Ends J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 33:2:153-155 (2005)
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Miller, Nan D. "International protection of the rights of prisoners: Is solitary confinement in the United States a violation of international standards." Cal. W. Int'l LJ 26 (1995): 139.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 Vasiliades, Elizabeth. "Solitary Confinement and International Human Rights: Why the US Prison System Fails Global Standards." Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 21 (2005): 71.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 Hresko, Tracy. "In the cellars of the hollow men: Use of solitary confinement in US prisons and its implications under international laws against torture." Pace Int'l L. Rev. 18 (2006): 1.
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 Lobel, Jules. "Prolonged solitary confinement and the Constitution." University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 11.115 (2008): 2009-19.
- ↑ Ian Kysel, "Growing Up Locked Down: Youth in Solitary Confinement in Jails and Prisons Across the United States", ACLU and Human Rights Watch, October 2012, ISBN 1-56432-949-6.
- ↑ Primm, Annelle B., Osher, Fred C., Gomez, Marisela B. (NaN undefined NaN). Race and Ethnicity, Mental Health Services and Cultural Competence in the Criminal Justice System: Are we Ready to Change?. Community Mental Health Journal 41 (5): 557–569.
- ↑ Freudenberg, Nicholas, Daniels, Jessie, Crum, Martha, Perkins, Tiffany, Richie, Beth E. (NaN undefined NaN). Coming Home From Jail: The Social and Health Consequences of Community Reentry for Women, Male Adolescents, and Their Families and Communities. American Journal of Public Health 95 (10): 1725–1736.
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Novak v. Beto, 453 F.2d 661 (5th Cir. 1971).
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.4 Ford v. Board of Managers of New Jersey State Prison, 407 F.2d 937 (3d Cir. 1969).
- ↑ Jeremy B. White, "California Prisons' Solitary Confinement Challenged In UN Petition", International Business Times, 23 March 2010.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 68.4 68.5 Eisenman, Stephen (2009). The Resistible Rise and Predictable Fall of the US Supermax. Monthly Criminology Review 61 (6): 31–45.
- ↑ STOP MAX CAMPAIGNS, Prison Abolition Movements Amerian Radical.
External linksEdit
| Solitary confinement in the legal system]]
- Solitary Watch
- Sourcebook on solitary confinement
- Dr. Atul Gawande: Solitary Confinement is Torture – video report by Democracy Now!
- Shane Bauer: "Solitary in Iran Nearly Broke Me. Then I Went Inside America's Prisons.". Mother Jones, November/December 2012
See alsoEdit
- History of United States Prison Systems
- The Box (form of torture involving solitary confinement in an overheated room)
- Patient seclusion
- Prison abolition movement
- Single-celling
- List of United States Supreme Court cases involving mental health
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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Welcome back! Please keep all TAR talk in this thread until midnight EST. Thanks, and enjoy the show!
Welcome back! Please keep all TAR talk in this thread until midnight EST. Thanks, and enjoy the show!
It was me. I let the dogs out.
17 mins late here on the east coast!
Gah, I didn't realize it was late again. I'll be glad when this crap basketball is over.
Rooney is on, it's almost time.
It was me. I let the dogs out.
TAR was on an hour earlier in Canada - and... somehow CBS posted 12 videos (ie the WHOLE show!) earlier today (they've been blocked now) but it made for some interesting scrambles on the online games some message boards host (all for fun of course)
interesting day for sure!
No TAR next week (CMA awards)
then a 2 hour finale! It cant be over this soon!
Don't they have a network devoted entirely to sports? Shouldn't this nonsense be airing on that network?
And so it begins, the end of times..
Very few times I'm happy to see Andy Rooney. I heard Pres. Obama is giving an address tomorrow at 7:30, so I wonder if that'll pre-empt my other favorite show at 8.
I have to say that I'm really bored with the race going India. I know they don't go every single season, but close enough. The whole culture shock doesn't seem real anymore, especially considering all the teams (maybe give or take a couple) have already been here once).
And yes, with all the networks devoted to sports, and covering the games, I don't see why they need to clog up the mainstream. I think ESPN aired several hours of SportsCenter today in a row. Why not use that time for actual sports?
Speaking of things starting late-here we go! Finally. I forgot the cowboys came in first.
I know TAR may be restricted where it can go, but we get culture shock, I don't think they need a country dedicated to that every season. There's a lot of countries I'd love to see them visit a second time . Some countries I was dying to see it's like they just passed through it quickly.
LOL - I wonder if they'd all be happier if they knew India was next!


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text:
Which Englishman has the most dinosaurs named after him?
The Anglican clergyman Rev. William Fox.
As part of our Six Days of Creation Research Field Trips we met in the garden of Fox's old home (Myrtle Cottage) in the same spot where Geologist Sir Richard Owen (inventor of the word Dinosaur), Lord Tennyson (then British Poet Laureate), and Rev Fox met to discuss the "giant dragon" Fox had recently discovered on the Isle of Wight. Today it is politically incorrect to associate dinosaurs and dragons, but that was the first thought that entered the minds of early dinosaur researchers.
Fox was apparently in the habit of discarding specimens he didn't want into the garden around the house. The current owners presented Creation Research with a giant fossil oyster they had excavated from Fox's garden. (Ref. Oyster, Fox, Dragons)


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If there are a lot of entries, I may add more prizes for more chances to win!!!
This giveaway is open to everyone in the whole wide world. I'll be picking a winner on May 27 (the end of the Easter season).


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Valdosta, Ga. (February 3, 2007) – The Saint Leo University softball team (1-1) split a pair of games on the opening day of the 2007 season on Saturday in Valdosta, Ga. The Lions defeated Delta State University 5-4 in the early game, and then fell 7-4 to Valdosta State in the late game.
Ally Maddox (So., Brandon, Fla.) went 3-for-3 with a pair of home runs, 3 RBI and 2 runs scored in the opener versus DSU. Ashley Urbanik (So., Riverview, Fla.) was also 2-for-3 in the contest with a pair of RBI and a run scored. Urbanik also threw a complete-game, striking out eight en route to the win over the Stateswomen.
The Lions fell behind 2-0 but cut the deficit in half with a run in the fifth on a leadoff homer by Maddox. Saint Leo then put together a four-run sixth, highlighted by a two-run double from Urbanik and a two-run homer by Maddox.
In the second half of the doubleheader, Valdosta State was ahead 4-0 when senior Erin Brunt (Clearwater, Fla.) hit a grand slam in the top of the fifth to tie the score at 4-4. However, VSU added three runs late in the game to seal the victory.
Saint Leo will face Delta State and Valdosta State again tomorrow with game scheduled for 11:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., respectively.


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Topic: Lets talk hair (or lack thereof)
My hair color comes from a bottle. I see no need to be mousy brown when I can be a sassy red. For about the last 10 years, I have gone strawberry blond in the spring and summer and auburn in the fall and winter. Now I have to reconsider this so lets all put our brains together and work this out.
My hair is super thin now. Scalp is showing on the top, but Hans insists it isnt so bad I need to shave it. Opinions and thoughts please....
Should I
A) go ahead and dye the traditional auburn...but then the hair would be darker so it might make my pale scalp show more.
B) go blonde and hope the lighter hair color blends more with my scalp?
C) for goodness sake, leave well enough alone. Your hair has been through enough!
36 year old patient with buckets of hope


text: Professor of Philosophy On Faculty since 1982 Phone: (630)752-5889 Fax: (630)752-7777 Email: email@example.com Education Ph.D., University of Notre Dame, 1986 M.A., University of Notre Dame, 1980 B.A., Westmont College, magna cum laude, 1976 About W. Jay Wood My sojourn as a student of philosophy arose out of desire to address a variety of existential, deeply felt personal concerns to which philosophers routinely address themselves: What constitutes the well lived moral and intellectual life?, Is Belief in God Rational?, What is the nature of the human person?, and related questions. To me, these have never been purely ivory-tower, academic concerns, but genuine life concerns. It is my privilege and joy to have colleagues and students who share my love of philosophy. Courses Taught Epistemology Aquinas Philosophical Theology Philosophy of Religion Virtue Theory Membership in Professional Societies The Society of Christian Philosophers Research Epistemology Philosophy of Religion Philosophical Theology Virtue Theory Papers Published and/or Presented (selected) Books and Book Chapters God, in Central Problems of Philosophy Series, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2011. Intellectual Virtues: An Essay In Regulative Epistemology, with Robert C. Roberts, Oxford University Press, January, 2007. "The Philosophy of Religion," in The Fundamentals of Philosophy, J.S. Shand ed.,Routledge Press, 2003. "Humility and Epistemic Goods," with Robert C. Roberts, in Intellectual Virtue: Perspectives from Ethics and Epistemology, eds. Michael Depaul and Linda Zagzebski, Oxford University Press, 2003. "On the Uses and Advantages of An Epistemology for Life," in Postmodern Philosophy and Christian Thought, ed. Merold Westphal (Indiana University Press, 1999). Epistemology: Becoming Intellectually Virtuous, InterVarsity Press, 1998. Select Articles "Faith's Intellectual Rewards," in Faith and Virtue, ed. Timothy O'Connor, Oxford University Press, 2014. "Prudence," in Virtues and Their Vices, eds. Kevin Timpe and Craig Boyd, Oxford University Press, February, 2014. "How Might Intellectual Humility Lead to Scientific Insight? <https://www.bigquestionsonline.com/content/how-might-intellectual-humility-lead-scientific-insight> Big Questions Online, December, 2012,Templeton Foundation Project. "Living Like Lance: Everybody Dopes," Christianity Today online, October 2012 "Educating for Intellectual Character," in Liberal Arts for the Christian Life, eds., Jeffrey Davis and Philip Ryken (Wheaton: Crossway Publishers, 2012) pp. 155 – 166. "Faith and Reason," for The Oxford Handbook of Evangelical Theology, Gerald McDermott, editor, 2009. "Faith," The Routledge Companion to the Philosophy of Religion, 2007. "Virtue and Knowledge," Areopagus Journal, Vol.6, No. 2 (March-April 2006): pp. 9-14. "Bad Karma?", Books and Culture, July/August,2006. "Intellectual Virtues and the Prospects of a Christian Epistemology," in The Death of Metaphysics; The Death of Culture:Epistemology, Metaphysics, and Morality (pp. 38-66), ed. Mark J. Cherry (Dordrecht: Springer, 2005). "Three Faces of Greed," Christianity Today, January 2005. "The Virtue of Lust?," Books and Culture, May 2005. "Proper Function, Emotion, and the Virtues of the Intellect," with Robert C. Roberts in Faith and Philosophy, vol. 21 Number 1, January 2004. "Conscience," in New Dictionary of Christian Apologetics, ed. Steve Carter, InterVarsity Press, 2006. "Epistemology," in New Dictionary of Christian Apologetics, ed. Steve Carter, InterVarsity Press, 2006. "Augustine on Human Sexuality" in Christian History Magazine, Issue 67 (vol. XIX, No. 3), 2000. Select Reviews The Architecture of Reason by Robert Audi, Cambridge Press, in Faith and Philosophy, forthcoming Faith With Reason by Paul Helm, in Philosophical Review, October, 2001. Moral Wisdom and Good Lives by John Kekes, in Faith and Philosophy, vol. 16, number 1, January 1999. D.Z. Phillips, Faith and Foundationalism, in International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 36 no. 3. December, 1994. Michael Beaty, Christian Theism and the Problems of Philosophy, Teaching Philosophy, vol. 15, no. 3, September, 1992.


text:
A NEW police team has been launched to investigate fatalities on North Yorkshire's roads.
The Major Collision Investigation Team will take over from local officers following collisions, allowing them to get back on patrol sooner.
The team is made up of a sergeant and six constables, headed up by road policing Inspector Mick Barron.
Based in Thirsk, the team will also be involved in speaking to the witnesses and families of people killed or injured on the roads, and will work alongside the existing Collision Investigation Unit, which carries out forensic examinations at the scenes of crashes.
Deputy Chief Constable Tim Madgwick said: "Sadly, fatal and serious collisions are a major part of police work and require meticulous and intensive resourcing to enable us to obtain the appropriate outcome for victims and their families. This work can take up thousands of hours of police officers' time.
"Having a dedicated resource for these investigations means that roads policing officers can get back on to the roads."
Preliminary figures show that last year, police dealt with 46 fatal collisions in which 51 people, including 16 motorcyclists, died, up from 35 fatal crashes (35 dead, three motorcyclists), the previous year.
The team have been phased in to work on collision incidents in recent months, including the crash on the B1248 near Wharram which killed three people, including a mother and her son.
They will also gather evidence through interviewing suspects and witnesses, and deal with the Crown Prosecution Service and coroner, to build prosecutions against motorists at fault.
Insp Barron said: "Investigations can involve dealing with distraught families who have lost loved ones, witnesses who may have seen very distressing events and victims who have sustained life-changing injuries.
"The team will provide a constant, single point of contact and expert knowledge base for North Yorkshire Police as well as enabling local officers to get back out to patrolling the roads and trying to prevent collisions happening in the first place."


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text:
WASHINGTON Here's a hot new entry in the "Is nothing sacred?" category:
Conservatives are using Sept. 11, that most somber day for the nation, as yet another occasion to condemn President Obama.
Rather than join in the bipartisan ceremonies marking the 12th anniversary of the worst terrorist attack on U.S. soil, they rallied on the West Lawn of the Capitol, carrying signs that said "Impeach Obama" and, over a cartoon of the president trampling Uncle Sam, "Americans Don't Support Terrorists or Their Minions."


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Did you know?
Because of light and other pollution, much of the world's population has never seen a clear, star-strewn night sky.
When in South Africa, you have to add the Northern Cape night sky to your 'must visit' list. This semi-desert region with its crystal-clear air is perfect for stargazing.
Before setting off on your desert adventure, why not start with a trip to the planetarium? Both Cape Town and Johannesburg have excellent planetariums with 'night sky' shows happening daily. Experts are also on hand to answer any questions or queries you might have and get you more acquainted with the heavenly experience of the southern hemisphere's night skies. From here you can journey to the Northern Cape to see the real thing.
Four hours from Cape Town in the middle of the Karoo, where light pollution is almost zero, lies the Northern Cape hamlet of Sutherland, home to SALT (Southern African Large Telescope), the largest optical telescope in the southern hemisphere. This is a not to be missed chance for all those interested in stargazing to absorb the South African night sky and tour SALT. There are regular stargazing sessions and lectures on astronomy.
Whilst Sutherland is the most renowned stargazing region in South Africa, all Karoo and Northern Cape districts offer unsurpassed opportunities to experience the heavens. Calvinia, located at the foot of the Hantam Mountains in the Namakwa region, is another great star spot, as is the Tankwa Karoo National Park. Come in September and you can also view the legendary spring flowers here.
Another option is to journey to the Kalahari in the far north, another region that offers superlative night skies. There are a number of lodges here that supply stargazing experiences combined with safaris. Some have their own large, portable telescopes, but even if you have nothing but a pair of binoculars or your eyes, the Northern Cape night sky is so visibly spectacular, it will ignite your imagination for the rest of your earthly years.
Travel tips & Planning info
Who to contact
Sutherland and Karoo Highlands Tourism Office
Tel: +27 (0)23 571 1265
How to get here
Sutherland is 324kms from Cape Town.
Best time to visit
The cold, clear winters deliver exceptional night skies but all year round the Northern Cape's night skies are magnificent.
Tours to do
Tour of SALT, night sky telescope-viewing outings are offered in Sutherland and several other Northern Cape venues.
Get around
In your own vehicle unless you are part of a tour.
What will it cost
Stargazing viewings, tours and outings range from R50 to a couple of hundred rands.
Length of stay
Several days to two to three weeks as the Northern Cape is vast.
What to pack
Binoculars and a portable telescope if you have one.
Where to stay
There is a range of accommodation throughout the Northern Cape from B&Bs to guesthouses, from hotels to luxury lodges and farmstays.


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organik wrote:thanks for the stone info everyone. i just found out that at my work (a country club) has someone come once a year to professionally sharpen everyones knives. Should i be skeptical about someone doing this with a nice japanese knife?
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