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Staff information
Jerome Fast
Atmospheric Measurement & Data Sciences
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PO Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
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Jerome Fast has lead a team of PNNL scientists that have contributed a gas-phase chemistry mechanism, an sectional aerosol model, cloud chemistry, cloud-aerosol interactions, and radiative feedback processes into the chemistry version of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-chem) model. WRF is a state-of-the-science meteorological model that has been developed collaboratively by several government agencies and universities. His current research involves using WRF-chem as a tool to better understand the evolution of particulates and radiative forcing during recent DOE Atmospheric Sciences Program (ASP) field experiments. High-resolution simulations are being performed that resolve the local and regional variations of particulate characteristics to obtain a better understanding of important aerosol processes that need to be incorporated into larger-scale climate models. He was actively involved in the planning and execution of the forecasting/modeling component of the MILAGRO (Megacities Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) field campaign that was held in central Mexico during March 2006. MILAGRO was designed to obtain measurements that quantify the effect of megacity anthropogenic emissions on local, regional, and large-scale climate.
Dr. Fast also has extensive experience in the use of mesoscale and Lagrangian particle dispersion models for boundary-layer, mesoscale, regional, complex terrain, and emergency response applications. He has simulated the atmospheric dynamics in complex terrain, the evolution of nocturnal and daytime boundary layers, and the interactions of boundary-layer processes and regional-scale circulations, and their effect on pollutant dispersion. He has employed four-dimensional data assimilation techniques to improve the diagnostic and predictive capabilities of mesoscale meteorological models. In addition to his modeling experience, Dr. Fast has also collected measurements during several field campaigns, including the 1997 IMADA-AVER field experiment in Mexico City, 2001 Phoenix Sunrise Experiment, and the 2000 VTMX field experiment in Salt Lake City. During the VTMX field experiment, he lead a perfluorocarbon tracer experiment designed to obtain information on how nocturnal canyon and valley flows interact and affect the transport and mixing of pollutants.
Research Interests
- Trace Gas and Aerosol Modeling
- Climate-Chemistry Interactions
- Local and Regional Atmospheric Modeling
- Boundary Layer and Mountain Meteorology
- Atmospheric Dispersion
- Data Assimilation
Education and Credentials
- Ph.D, Meteorology, Iowa State University
- M.S., Meteorology, Iowa State University
- B.S., Meteorology and Mathematics, Iowa State University
Affiliations and Professional Service
- American Meteorological Society, 1990-present
- Sigma Xi, 1990-present
- American Geophysical Union, 1996-present
Awards and Recognitions
- Lead forecaster during the MILAGRO field campaign during March 2006
- DOE Atmospheric Sciences Program modeling working group chair, June 2005 to present
- Coordinator of operational modeling activities in support of MIRAGE-Mex, April 2005 to present
- Committee member of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model Working Group 11: Atmospheric Chemistry, September 2003 to present
- Mega City Impact on the Regional and Global Environment (MIRAGE) steering committee member, National Center for Atmospheric Research, April 2002 to present
- Served on American Meteorological Society Committees including: Committee on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, 1993-1996, Committee on Mountain Meteorology, 1998-2001, Committee on Atmospheric Chemistry, 2001-2004
PNNL Publications
- Ching PP, JD Fast, M West, and N Riemer. 2017. "Metrics to quantify the importance of mixing state for CCN activity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17(12):7445-7458. doi:10.5194/acp-17-7445-2017
- Kassianov EI, MS Pekour, CJ Flynn, LK Berg, J Beranek, A Zelenyuk, C Zhao, LYR Leung, PL Ma, LD Riihimaki, JD Fast, JC Barnard, AG Hallar, I McCubbin, EW Eloranta, A McComiskey, and PJ Rasch. 2017. "Large Contribution of Coarse Mode to Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties: Evidence from Ground-based Observations of a Transpacific Dust Outbreak at a High-Elevation North American Site." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74(5):1431-1443. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-16-0256.1
- Martin ST, P Artaxo, L Machado, A Manzi, R Augusto Ferreira de Souza, C Schumacher, J Wang, T Biscaro, J Brito, A Calheiros, K Jardine, A Medeiros, B Portela, SS de Sa, K Adachi, AC Aiken, R Albrecht, L Alexander, MO Andreae, H Barbosa, PR Buseck, D Chand, JM Comstock, DA Day, MK Dubey, J Fan, JD Fast, G Fisch , E Fortner, S Giangrande, MK Gilles, AH Goldstein, AB Guenther, JM Hubbe, MP Jensen, JL Jimenez, FN Keutsch, SW Kim, C Kuang, A Laskin, K McKinney, F Mei, M Miller, R Nascimento, T Pauliquevis, MS Pekour, J Peres, T Petaja, C Pohlker, U Poschl, LV Rizzo, B Schmid, JE Shilling, MAF Silva Dias, JN Smith, JM Tomlinson, J Tota, and M Wendisch. 2017. "The Green Ocean Amazon Experiement (GoAmazon2014/5) Observes Pollution Affecting Gases, Aerosols, Clouds and Rainfall over the Rain Forest." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98(5):981-980. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00221.1
- Shrivastava MKB, S Lou, A Zelenyuk-Imre, RC Easter, Jr, RA Corley, BD Thrall, PJ Rasch, JD Fast, SL Massey Simonich, H Shen, and S Tao. 2017. "Global Long-Range Transport and Lung Cancer Risk from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Shielded by Coatings of Organic Aerosol." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114(6):1246-1251. doi:10.1073/pnas.1618475114
- Ching PP, RA Zaveri, RC Easter, Jr, N Riemer, and JD Fast. 2016. "A three-dimensional sectional representation of aerosol mixing state for simulating optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 121(10):5912-5929. doi:10.1002/2015JD024323
- Berg LK, JD Fast, JC Barnard, S Burton, B Cairns, D Chand, JM Comstock, S Dunagan, RA Ferrare, CJ Flynn, J Hair, CA Hostetler, JM Hubbe, A Jefferson, R Johnson, EI Kassianov, CD Kluzek, P Kollias, K Lamer, K Lantz, F Mei, MA Miller, J Michalsky, I Ortega, MS Pekour, R Rogers, P Russell, J Redemann, A Sedlacek, M Segal Rozenhaimer, B Schmid, JE Shilling, Y Shinozuka, SR Springston, JM Tomlinson, M Tyrrell, J Wilson, RM Volkamer, A Zelenyuk, and CM Berkowitz. 2016. "The Two-Column Aerosol Project: Phase I - Overview and Impact of Elevated Aerosol Layers on Aerosol Optical Depth." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 121(1):336-361. doi:10.1002/2015JD023848
- Burleyson CD, Z Feng, SM Hagos, JD Fast, L Machado, and ST Martin. 2016. " Spatial Variability of the Background Diurnal Cycle of Deep Convection around the GoAmazon2014/15 Field Campaign Sites." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55(7):1579-1598. doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0229.1
- Chen D, Z Liu, JD Fast, and J Ban. 2016. "Simulations of Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium (SNA) aerosols during the extreme haze events over Northern China in 2014." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16(16):10707-10724. doi:10.5194/acp-16-10707-2016
- Fast JD, LK Berg, K Zhang, RC Easter, Jr, RA Ferrare, J Hair, CA Hostetler, Y Liu, I Ortega, A Sedlacek, JE Shilling, MKB Shrivastava, SR Springston, JM Tomlinson, RM Volkamer, JM Wilson, RA Zaveri, and A Zelenyuk-Imre. 2016. "Model Representations of Aerosol Layers Transported from North America over the Atlantic Ocean during the Two-Column Aerosol Project." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 121(16):9814-9848. doi:10.1002/2016JD025248
- Kleinman LI, C Kuang, A Sedlacek, GI Senum, SR Springston, J Wang, Q Zhang, JT Jayne, JD Fast, JM Hubbe, JE Shilling, and RA Zaveri. 2016. "What do Correlations tell us about Anthropogenic - Biogenic Interactions and SOA Formation in the Sacramento Plume during CARES?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16(3):1729-1746. doi:10.5194/acp-16-1729-2016
- Mirocha JD, MD Simpson, JD Fast, LK Berg, and R Baskett. 2016. "Investigation of boundary-layer wind predictions during nocturnal low-level jet events using the Weather Research and Forecasting model." Wind Energy 19(4):739-762. doi:10.1002/we.1862
- Shrivastava MKB, C Zhao, RC Easter, Jr, Y Qian, A Zelenyuk, JD Fast, Y Liu, Q Zhang, and AB Guenther. 2016. "Sensitivity Analysis of simulated SOA loadings using a Variance-Based Statistical Approach." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 8(2):499-519. doi:10.1002/2015MS000554
- Zhao C, M Huang, JD Fast, LK Berg, Y Qian, A Guenther , D Gu, MKB Shrivastava, Y Liu, S Walters, G Pfister, J Jin, JE Shilling, and C Warneke. 2016. "Sensitivity of biogenic volatile organic compounds to land surface parameterizations and vegetation distributions in California." Geoscientific Model Development 9(5):1959-1976. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1959-2016
- Lupascu A, RC Easter, Jr, RA Zaveri, MKB Shrivastava, MS Pekour, JM Tomlinson, Q Yang, H Matsui, A Hodzic, Q Zhang, and JD Fast. 2015. "Modeling particle nucleation and growth over northern California during the 2010 CARES campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15(21):12283-12313. doi:10.5194/acp-15-12283-2015
- Xiao H, S Endo, MW Wong, W Skamarock, JB Klemp, JD Fast, WI Gustafson, Jr, AM Vogelmann, H Wang, Y Liu, and W Lin. 2015. "Modifications to WRF's dynamical core to improve the treatment of moisture for large--eddy simulations." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 7(4):1627-1642. doi:10.1002/2015MS000532
- Berg LK, MKB Shrivastava, RC Easter, Jr, JD Fast, EG Chapman, and Y Liu. 2015. "A New WRF-Chem Treatment for Studying Regional Scale Impacts of Cloud-Aerosol Interactions in Parameterized Cumuli." Geoscientific Model Development 8(2):409-429. doi:10.5194/gmd-8-409-2015
- Kulkarni GR, K Zhang, C Zhao, MI Nandasiri, V Shutthanandan, X Liu, JD Fast, and LK Berg. 2015. "Ice formation on nitric acid coated dust particles: Laboratory and modeling studies." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 120(15):7682-7698. doi:10.1002/2014JD022637
- Marelle L, JC Raut, JL Thomas, KS Law, B Quennehen, G Ancellet, J Pelon, A Schwarzenboeck, and JD Fast. 2015. "Transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning aerosols from Europe to the Arctic during spring 2008." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15(7):3831-3850. doi:10.5194/acp-15-3831-2015
- Parworth C, JD Fast, F Mei, TR Shippert, C Sivaraman, A Tilp, T Watson, and Q Zhang. 2015. "Long-term Measurements of Submicrometer Aerosol Chemistry at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM)." Atmospheric Environment 106:43-55. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.060
- Shrivastava MKB, RC Easter, Jr, X Liu, A Zelenyuk, B Singh, K Zhang, PL Ma, D Chand, SJ Ghan, JL Jiminez, Q Zhang, JD Fast, PJ Rasch, and P Tiitta. 2015. "Global transformation and fate of SOA: Implications of Low Volatility SOA and Gas-Phase Fragmentation Reactions ." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 120(9):4169-4195. doi:10.1002/2014JD022563
- Wyant MC, CS Bretherton, R Wood, G Carmichael, AD Clarke, JD Fast, R George, WI Gustafson, Jr, C Hannay, A Lauer, Y Lin, JJ Morcrette, J Mulcahay, P Saide, SN Spak, and Q Yang. 2015. "Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: The VOCA Intercomparison ." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15(1):153-172. doi:10.5194/acp-15-153-2015
- Yang Q, RC Easter, Jr, P Campuzano-Jost, JL Jimenez, JD Fast, SJ Ghan, H Wang, LK Berg, M Barth, Y Liu, MKB Shrivastava, B Singh, H Morrison, J Fan, CL Ziegler, M Bela, E Apel, GS Diskin, T Mikoviny, and A Wisthaler. 2015. "Aerosol transport and wet scavenging in deep convective clouds: a case study and model evaluation using a multiple passive tracer analysis approach." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 120(16):8448-8468. doi:10.1002/2015JD023647
- Almanza VH, LT Molina, G Li, JD Fast, and G Sosa. 2014. "Impact of external industrial sources on the regional and local SO2 and O-3 levels of the Mexico megacity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14(16):8483-8499. doi:10.5194/acp-14-8483-2014
- Archer-Nicholls S, D Lowe, S Utembe, JD Allan, RA Zaveri, JD Fast, O Hodnebrog, H Denier van der Gon, and G McFiggans. 2014. "Gaseous Chemistry and Aerosol Mechanism Developments for Version 3.5.1 of the Online Regional Model, WRF-Chem." Geoscientific Model Development 7(6):2557-2579. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-2557-2014
- Fast JD, JD Allan, R Bahreini, JS Craven, L Emmons, RA Ferrare, PL Hayes, A Hodzic Roux, J Holloway, CA Hostetler, JL Jimenez, H Jonsson, S Liu, Y Liu, A Metcalf, AM Middlebrook, J Nowak, MS Pekour, A Perring, L Russell, A Sedlacek, JH Seinfeld, A Setyan, JE Shilling, MKB Shrivastava, S Springston, C Song, R Subramanian, JW Taylor, V Vinoj, Q Yang, RA Zaveri, and Q Zhang. 2014. "Modeling regional aerosol and aerosol precursor variability over California and its sensitivity to emissions and long-range transport during the 2010 CalNex and CARES campaigns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14(18):10013-10060. doi:10.5194/acp-14-10013-2014
- Knote C, A Hodzic, JL Jimenez, RM Volkamer, JJ Orlando, S Baidar, J Brioude, JD Fast, DR Gentner, AH Goldstein, PL Hayes, B Knighton, H Oetjen, A Setyan, H Stark, R Thalman, GS Tyndall, R Washenfelder, E Waxman, and Q Zhang. 2014. "Simulation of semi-explicit mechanisms of SOA formation from glyoxal in a 3D model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14(12):6213-6239. doi:10.5194/acp-14-6213-2014
- Ma PL, PJ Rasch, JD Fast, RC Easter, Jr, WI Gustafson, Jr, X Liu, SJ Ghan, and B Singh. 2014. "Assessing the CAM5 Physics Suite in the WRF-Chem Model: Implementation, Resolution Sensitivity, and a First Evaluation for a Regional Case Study." Geoscientific Model Development 7(3):755-778. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-755-2014
- Matsui H, M Koike, Y Kondo, JD Fast, and M Takigawa. 2014. "Development of an aerosol microphysical module: Aerosol Two-dimensional bin module for foRmation and Aging Simulation (ATRAS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14(18):10315-10331. doi:10.5194/acp-14-10315-2014
- Matsui H, M Koike, Y Kondo, A Takami, JD Fast, Y Kanaya, and M Takigawa. 2014. "Volatility basis-set approach simulation of organic aerosol formation in East Asia: implications for anthropogenic-biogenic interaction and controllable amounts." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14(18):9513-9535. doi:10.5194/acp-14-9513-2014
- Newsom RK, LK Berg, MS Pekour, JD Fast, Q Xu, P Zhang, Q Yang, WJ Shaw, and JE Flaherty. 2014. "Evaluation of Single-Doppler Radar Wind Retrievals in Flat and Complex Terrain." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53(8):1920-1931. doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0297.1
- Pfister GG, S Walters, JF Lamarque, JD Fast, M Barth, J Wong, J Done, G Holland, and C Bruyere. 2014. "Projections of Future Summertime Ozone over the U.S." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 119(9):5559-5582. doi:10.1002/2013JD020932
- Pleim J, R Mathur, ST Rao, JD Fast, and A Backlanov. 2014. "Integrated Meteorology and Chemistry Modeling: Evaluation and Research Needs." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 95(4): ES81-ES84. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00107.1
- Scarino AJ, M Obland, JD Fast, SP Burton, RA Ferrare, CA Hostetler, LK Berg, B Lefer, C Haman, J Hair, R Rogers, C Butler, AL Cook, and D Harper. 2014. "Comparison of Mixed Layer Heights from Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar, Ground-based Measurements, and the WRP-Chem Model during CalNex and CARES." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14(11):5547-5560. doi:10.5194/acp-14-5547-2014
- Shilling JE, RA Zaveri, JD Fast, LI Kleinman, ML Alexander, MR Canagaratna, E Fortner, JM Hubbe, JT Jayne, A Sedlacek, A Setyan, S Springston, DR Worsnop, and Q Zhang. 2013. "Enhanced SOA formation from mixed anthropogenic and biogenic emissions during the CARES campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13(4):2091-2113. doi:10.5194/acp-13-2091-2013
- Brioude J, D Arnold, A Stohl, M Cassiani, D Morton, P Seibert, WM Angevine, S Evan, A Dingwell, JD Fast, RC Easter, Jr, I Pisso, J Bukhart, and G Wotawa. 2013. "The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART-WRF VERSION 3.1." Geoscientific Model Development 6(6):1889-1904. doi:10.5194/gmd-6-1889-2013
- Gustafson WI, Jr, PL Ma, H Xiao, B Singh, PJ Rasch, and JD Fast. 2013. "The Separate Physics and Dynamics Experiment (SPADE) framework for determining resolution awareness: A case study of microphysics." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 118(16):9258-9276. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50711
- Kassianov EI, JC Barnard, MS Pekour, LK Berg, JD Fast, JJ Michalsky, K Lantz, and GB Hodges. 2013. "Temporal Variability of Aerosol Properties during TCAP: Impact on Radiative Forcing." In Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XVIII; and Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVI, September 23, 2013, Dresden, Germany. Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 8890, ed. A Comeron, et. al., p. Paper No. 88900O. SPIE Publishing, Bellingham, WA. doi:10.1117/12.2029355
- Ma PL, PJ Rasch, H Wang, K Zhang, RC Easter, Jr, S Tilmes, JD Fast, X Liu, JH Yoon, and JF Lamarque. 2013. "The Role of Circulation Features on Black Carbon Transport into the Arctic in the Community Atmosphere Model Version 5 (CAM5)." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 118(10):4657-4669. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50411
- Matsui H, M Koike, N Takegawa, Y Kondo, A Takami, T Takamura, S Yoon, SW Kim, H Lim, and JD Fast. 2013. "Spatial and temporal variations of new particle formation in East Asia using an NPF-explicit WRF-chem model: North-south contrast in new particle formation frequency ." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 118(20):11647-11663. doi:DOI:10.1002/jgrd.50821
- Matsui H, M Koike, Y Kondo, N Moteki, JD Fast, and RA Zaveri. 2013. "Development and validation of a black carbon mixing state resolved three-dimensional model: Aging processes and radiative impact." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 118(5):2304-2326. doi:10.1029/2012JD018446
- Moffet RC, T Rodel, ST Kelly, XY Yu, G Carroll, JD Fast, RA Zaveri, A Laskin, and MK Gilles. 2013. "Spectro-Microscopic Measurements of Carbonaceous Aerosol Aging in Central California." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13(20):10445-10459. doi:10.5194/acp-13-10445-2013
- Shrivastava MKB, A Zelenyuk, D Imre, RC Easter, Jr, J Beranek, RA Zaveri, and JD Fast. 2013. "Implications of Low Volatility SOA and Gas-Phase Fragmentation Reactions on SOA Loadings and their Spatial and Temporal Evolution in the Atmosphere." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 118(8):3328-3342. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50160
- Shrivastava MKB, LK Berg, JD Fast, RC Easter, Jr, A Laskin, EG Chapman, WI Gustafson, Jr, Y Liu, and CM Berkowitz. 2013. "Modeling aerosols and their interactions with shallow cumuli during the 2007 CHAPS field study." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 118(3):1343-1360.
- Thomas JL, JC Raut, KS Law, L Marelle, G Ancellet, F Ravetta, JD Fast, G Pfister, L Emmons, GS Diskin, AJ Weinheimer, A Roiger, and H Schlager. 2013. "Pollution transport from North America to Greenland during summer 2008." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13(7):3825-3848. doi:10.5194/acp-13-3825-2013
- Thomas JL, JC Raut, KS Law, L Marelle, G Ancellet, F Ravetta, JD Fast, G Pfister, L Emmons, GS Diskin, AJ Weinheimer, A Roiger, and H Schlager. 2013. "Pollution Transport From North America to Greenland During Summer 2008." Geophysical Research Letters 13(7):3825-3848. doi:10.5194/acp-13-3825-2013
- Yang Q, LK Berg, MS Pekour, JD Fast, RK Newsom, M Stoelinga, and C Finley. 2013. "Evaluation of WRF predicted near hub-height winds and ramp events over a Pacific Northwest site with complex terrain." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52(8): 1753-1763. doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0267.1
- Kassianov EI, D Chand, LK Berg, JD Fast, JM Tomlinson, R Ferrare, CA Hostetler, and J Hair. 2012. "Multi-year Satellite and Surface Observations of AOD in support of Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) Field Campaign." In Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XVII; and Lidar Technologies, Techniques, and Measurements for Atmospheric Remote Sensing VIII, September 24-27, 2012, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 8534, ed. EI Kassianov, et al, p. Paper No. 853407. SPIE Publishing, Bellingham, WA. doi:10.1117/12.977862
- Fast JD, WI Gustafson, Jr, LK Berg, WJ Shaw, MS Pekour, MKB Shrivastava, JC Barnard, R Ferrare, CA Hostetler, J Hair, MH Erickson, T Jobson, B Flowers, MK Dubey, PhD, SR Springston, BR Pirce, L Dolislager, JR Pederson, and RA Zaveri. 2012. "Transport and Mixing Patterns over Central California during the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12(4):1759-1783. doi:10.5194/acp-12-1759-2012
- Laskin A, RC Moffet, MK Gilles, JD Fast, RA Zaveri, B Wang, P Nigge, and JI Shutthanandan. 2012. "Tropospheric Chemistry of Internally Mixed Sea Salt and Organic Particles: Surprising Reactivity of NaCl with Weak Organic Acids." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 117:Article No. D15302. doi:10.1029/2012JD017743
- Ochoa C, D Baumgardner, M Grutter, JD Allan, JD Fast, and B Rappengluck. 2012. "Physical and chemical properties of the regional mixed layer of Mexico's Megapolis - Part II: Evaluation of measured and modeled trace gases and particle size distributions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12(21):10106-10179. doi:10.5194/acp-12-10161-2012
- Seethala C, G Pandithurai, JD Fast, SD Polade, MS Reddy, and SE Peckham. 2012. "Evaluating WRF-Chem multi-scale model in simulating aerosol radiative properties over the tropics - A case study over India." MAPAN 26(4):269-284. doi:10.1007/s12647-011-0025-2
- Setyan A, Q Zhang, M Merkel, WB Knighton, Y Sun, C Song, JE Shilling, TB Onasch, SC Herndon, DR Worsnop, JD Fast, RA Zaveri, LK Berg, A Wiedensohler, BA Flowers, MK Dubey, and R Subramanian. 2012. "Characterization of submicron particles influenced by mixed biogenic and anthropogenic emissions using high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry: results from CARES." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12(17):8131-8156. doi:10.5194/acp-12-8131-2012
- Yang Q, WI Gustafson, Jr, JD Fast, H Wang, RC Easter, Jr, M Wang, SJ Ghan, LK Berg, LYR Leung, and H Morrison. 2012. "Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: A regional modeling study using WRF-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12(18):8777-8796. doi:10.5194/acp-12-8777-2012
- Zaveri RA, WJ Shaw, DJ Cziczo, B Schmid, R Ferrare, ML Alexander, M Alexandrov, RJ Alvarez, WP Arnott, D Atkinson, S Baidar, RM Banta, JC Barnard, J Beranek, LK Berg, FJ Brechtel, WA Brewer, JF Cahill, B Cairns, CD Cappa, D Chand, S China, JM Comstock, MK Dubey, RC Easter, Jr, MH Erickson, JD Fast, C Floerchinger, BA Flowers, E Fortner, JS Gaffney, MK Gilles, K Gorkowski, WI Gustafson, Jr, MS Gyawali, J Hair, M Hardesty, JW Harworth, SC Herndon, N Hiranuma, CA Hostetler, JM Hubbe, JT Jayne, H Jeong, BT Jobson, EI Kassianov, LI Kleinman, CD Kluzek, B Knighton, KR Kolesar, C Kuang, A Kubatova, AO Langford, A Laskin, NS Laulainen, RD Marchbanks, C Mazzoleni, F Mei, RC Moffet, DA Nelson, M Obland, H Oetjen, TB Onasch, I Ortega, M Ottaviani, MS Pekour, KA Prather, JG Radney, R Rogers, SP Sandberg, A Sedlacek, C Senff, G Senum, A Setyan, JE Shilling, MKB Shrivastava, C Song, SR Springston, R Subramanian, K Suski, JM Tomlinson, RM Volkamer, HA Wallace, J Wang, AM Weickmann, DR Worsnop, XY Yu, A Zelenyuk, and Q Zhang. 2012. "Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12(16):7647-7687. doi:10.5194/acp-12-7647-2012
- Brioude J, SW Kim, WM Angevine, GJ Frost, SH Lee, SA McKeen, M Trainer, FC Fehsenfeld, JS Holloway, TB Ryerson, EJ Williams, G Petron, and JD Fast. 2011. "Top-down estimate of anthropogenic emission inventories and their interannual variability in Houston using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 116:Article No. D20305. doi:10.1029/2011JD016215
- Fast JD, WI Gustafson, Jr, EG Chapman, RC Easter, Jr, JP Rishel, RA Zaveri, G Grell, and M Barth. 2011. "The Aerosol Modeling Testbed: A community tool to objectively evaluate aerosol process modules." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 92(3):343-360. doi:10.1175/2010BAMS2868.1
- Grell GA, S Freitas, M Stuefer, and JD Fast. 2011. "Inclusion of biomass burning in WRF-Chem: Impact of wildfires on weather forecasts." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11(11):5289-5303. doi:10.5194/acp-11-5289-2011
- Gustafson WI, Jr, Y Qian, and JD Fast. 2011. "Downscaling Aerosols and the Impact of Neglected Subgrid Processes on Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing for a Representative Global Climate Model Grid Spacing." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 116:Article No. D13303. doi:10.1029/2010JD015480
- Matsui H, M Koike, Y Kondo, N Takegawa, A Wiedensohler, JD Fast, and RA Zaveri. 2011. "Impact of new particle formation on the concentrations of aerosol number and cloud condensation nuclei around Beijing." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 116:Article No. D19208. doi:10.1029/2011JD016025
- Shrivastava MKB, JD Fast, RC Easter, Jr, WI Gustafson, Jr, RA Zaveri, JL Jimenez, P Saide, and A Hodzic. 2011. "Modeling Organic Aerosols in a Megacity: Comparison of Simple and Complex Representations of the Volatility Basis Set Approach." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11(13):6639-6662. doi:10.5194/acp-11-6639-2011
- Yang Q, WI Gustafson, Jr, JD Fast, H Wang, RC Easter, Jr, H Morrison, YN Lee, EG Chapman, SN Spak, and MA Mena-Carrasco. 2011. "Assessing regional scale predictions of aerosols, marine stratocumulus, and their interactions during VOCALS-REx using WRF-Chem." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11(23):11951-11975. doi:10.5194/acp-11-11951-2011
- Qian Y, WI Gustafson, Jr, and JD Fast. 2010. "An investigation of the sub-grid variability of trace gases and aerosols for global climate modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10:6917-6946. doi:10.5194/acp-10-6917-2010
- Barnard JC, JD Fast, GL Paredes-Miranda, WP Arnott, and A Laskin. 2010. "Technical Note: Evaluation of the WRF-Chem "Aerosol Chemical to Aerosol Optical Properties" Module using data from the MILAGRO campaign ." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(15):7325-7340. doi:10.5194/acp-10-7325-2010
- Grell G, JD Fast, WI Gustafson, Jr, SE Peckham, SA McKeen, M Salzmann, and S Freitas. 2010. "On-line Chemistry within WRF: Description and Evaluation of a State-of-the-Art Multiscale Air Quality and Weather Prediction Model." Chapter 3 in Integrated Systems of Meso-Meteorological and Chemical Transport Models, ed. A Baklanov, A Mahura and R Sokhi, pp. 41-54. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Hodzic A, JL Jimenez, ASH Prevot, S Szidat, JD Fast, and S Madronich. 2010. "Can 3-D models explain the observed fractions of fossil and non-fossil carbon in and near Mexico City?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(22):10997 -11016. doi:10.5194/acp-10-10997-2010
- Hodzic A, JL Jimenez, S Madronich, MR Canagaratna, PF DeCarlo, LI Kleinman, and JD Fast. 2010. "Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: potential contribution of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility primary organic compounds to secondary organic aerosol formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(12):5491-5514. doi:10.5194/acp-10-5491-2010
- Matsui H, M Koike, Y Kondo, N Takegawa, JD Fast, U Poschl, RM Garland, MO Andreae, A Wiedensohler, N Sugimoto, and T Zhu. 2010. "Spatial and temporal variations of aerosols around Beijing in summer 2006: 2. Local and column aerosol optical properties." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 115:Paper No. D22207. doi:10.1029/2010JD013895
- Moffet RC, TR Henn, AV Tivanski, RJ Hopkins, Y Desyaterik, AL Kilcoyne, T Tyliszczak, JD Fast, JC Barnard, V Shutthanandan, SS Cliff, KD Perry, A Laskin, and MK Gilles. 2010. "Microscopic Characterization of Carbonaceous Aerosol Particle Aging in the Outflow from Mexico City." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(3):961-976.
- Molina LT, S Madronich, J Gaffney, E Apel, B de Foy, JD Fast, R Ferrare, SC Herndon, JL Jimenez, BK Lamb, AR Orsonio-Vargas, PB Russell, JJ Schauer, PS Stevens, RM Volkamer, and MA Zavala. 2010. "An Overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City Emissions and their Transport and Transformation ." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(18):8697-8760. doi:10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010
- Wyant MC, R Wood, CS Bretherton, CR Mechoso, J Bacmeister, MA Balmaseda, B Barrett, F Codron, P Earnshaw, JD Fast, C Hannay, JW Kaiser, H Kitagawa, SA Klein, M Kohler, J Manganello, HL Pan, F Sun, S Wang, and Y Wang. 2010. "The PreVOCA experiment: Modeling the Lower Troposphere in the Southeast Pacific." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(10):4757-4774. doi:10.5194/acp-10-4757-2010
- Zhang Y, Y Pan, K Wang, JD Fast, and GA Grell. 2010. "WRF/Chem-MADRID: Incorporation of an Improved Aerosol Module into WRF/Chem and Its Initial Application to the TexAQS2000 Episode." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 115:Article No. D18202. doi:10.1029/2009JD013443
- Zhao C, X Liu, LYR Leung, B Johnson, SA McFarlane, WI Gustafson, Jr, JD Fast, and RC Easter, Jr. 2010. "The spatial distribution of mineral dust and its shortwave radiative forcing over North Africa: Modeling sensitivities to dust emissions and aerosol size treatments ." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(18):8821-8838. doi:10.5194/acp-10-8821-2010
- Fast JD, SJ Ghan, and SE Schwartz. 2009. Modeling Activities in the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Sciences Program. PNNL-18752, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
- Chapman EG, WI Gustafson, Jr, RC Easter, Jr, JC Barnard, SJ Ghan, MS Pekour, and JD Fast. 2009. "Coupling Aerosol-Cloud-Radiative Processes in the WRF-Chem Model: Investigating the Radiative Impact of Elevated Point Sources." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(3):945-964.
- Fast JD, A Aiken, JD Allan, ML Alexander, T Campos, MR Canagaratna, EG Chapman, P DeCarlo, B de Foy, J Gaffney, JA de Gouw, JC Doran, L Emmons, A Hodzic, SC Herndon, LG Huey, JT Jayne, JL Jimenez, LI Kleinman, WC Kuster, NA Marley, LM Russell, C Ochoa, TB Onasch, MS Pekour, C Song, IM Ulbrich, C Warneke, D Welsh-Bon, C Wiedinmyer, DR Worsnop, XY Yu, and RA Zaveri. 2009. "Evaluating Simulated Primary Anthropogenic and Biomass Burning Organic Aerosols during MILAGRO: Implications for Assessing Treatments of Secondary Organic Aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(16):6191-6215.
- Hodzic A, JL Jimenez, S Madronich, A Aiken, B Bessagnet, G Curci, JD Fast, JF Lamarque, TB Onasch, G Roux, JJ Schauer, and EA Stone. 2009. "Modeling Organic Aerosols during MILAGRO: Application of the CHIMERE Model and Importance of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9(18):6949-6981.
- Matsui H, M Koike, Y Kondo, N Takegawa, K Kita, Y Miyazaki, M Hu, SY Chang, DR Blake, JD Fast, RA Zaveri, DG Streets, Q Zhang, and T Zhou. 2009. "Spatial and Temporal Variations of Aerosols Around Beijing in the Summer 2006: Model Evaluation and Source Apportionment." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 114:Article number: D00G13. doi:10.1029/2008JD010906
- Ntelekos AA, JS Smith, LJ Donner, JD Fast, WI Gustafson, Jr, EG Chapman, and WF Krajewski. 2009. "The Effects of Aerosols on Intense Convective Precipitation in the Northeastern U.S." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 135(643):1367-1391. doi:10.1002/qj.476
- de Foy B, JD Fast, SJ Paech, D Phillips, JT Walters, RL Coulter, TJ Martin, MS Pekour, WJ Shaw, PP Kastendeuch, NA Marley, A Retama, and LT Molina. 2008. "Basin-Scale Wind Transport during the MILAGRO Field Campaign and Comparison to Climatology Using Cluster Analysis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8(5):1209-1224.
- Doran JC, JD Fast, JC Barnard, A Laskin, Y Desyaterik, MK Gilles, and RJ Hopkins. 2008. "Applications of Lagrangian Dispersion Modeling to the Analysis of Changes in the Specific Absorption of Elemental Carbon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8(5):1377-1389.
- Fast JD, RK Newsom, KJ Allwine, Q Xu, P Zhang, JH Copeland, and J Sun. 2008. "An Evaluation of Two NEXRAD Wind Retrieval Methodologies and Their Use in Atmospheric Dispersion Models." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47(9):2351-2371. doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1853.1
- Grossman-Clarke S, Y Liu, JA Zehnder, and JD Fast. 2008. "Simulations of the Urban Planetary Boundary Layer in an Arid Metropolitan Area." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47(3):752-768.
- Herndon SC, TB Onasch, EC Wood, JH Kroll, MR Canagaratna, JT Jayne, MA Zavala, WB Knighton, C Mazzoleni, MK Dubey, IM Ulbrich, JL Jimenez, R Seila, JA de Gouw, B de Foy, JD Fast, LT Molina, CE Kolb, and DR Worsnop. 2008. "Correlation of Secondary Organic Aerosol with Odd Oxygen in Mexico City." Geophysical Research Letters 35(15):L15804. doi:10.1029/2008GL034058
- Zaveri RA, RC Easter, Jr, JD Fast, and LK Peters. 2008. "Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC)." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 113(D13):Art. No. D13204. doi:10.1029/2007JD008782
- Fast JD, B de Foy, FA Rosas, E Caetano, G Carmichael, L Emmons, D McKenna, M Mena, W Skamarock, X Tie, RL Coulter, JC Barnard, C Wiedinmyer, and S Madronich. 2007. "A Meteorological Overview of the MILAGRO Field Campaigns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7(9):2233-2257.
- Gustafson WI, Jr, EG Chapman, SJ Ghan, RC Easter, Jr, and JD Fast. 2007. "Impact on Modeled Cloud Characteristics Due to Simplified Treatment of Uniform Cloud Condensation Nuclei During NEAQS 2004." Geophysical Research Letters 34(19):L19809. doi:10.1029/2007GL030021
- Doran JC, JC Barnard, WP Arnott, R Cary, RL Coulter, JD Fast, EI Kassianov, LI Kleinman, NS Laulainen, TJ Martin, GL Paredes-Miranda, MS Pekour, WJ Shaw, DF Smith, SR Springston, and XY Yu. 2007. "The T1-T2 Study: Evolution of Aerosol Properties Downwind of Mexico City." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7(6):1585-1598.
- Fast JD, RK Newsom, KJ Allwine, Q Xu, P Zhang, JH Copeland, and J Sun. 2007. Development of NEXRAD Wind Retrievals as Input to Atmospheric Dispersion Models. PNNL-16399, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
- Fast JD, KJ Allwine, RN Dietz, KL Clawson, and JC Torcolini. 2006. "Dispersion of Perfluorocarbon Tracers within the Salt Lake Valley during VTMX 2000." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 45(6):793-812.
- Fast JD, WI Gustafson, Jr, RC Easter, Jr, RA Zaveri, JC Barnard, EG Chapman, G Grell, and SE Peckham. 2006. "Evolution of Ozone, Particulates, and Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing in the Vicinity of Houston Using a Fully Coupled Meteorology-Chemistry-Aerosol Model." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 111(D21):D21305. doi:10.1029/2005JD006721
- Fast JD, and WE Heilman. 2005. "Simulated Sensitivity of Seasonal Ozone Exposure in the Great Lakes Region to Changes in Anthropogenic Emissions in the Presence of Interannual Variability." Atmospheric Environment 39(29):5291-5306.
- Fast JD, JC Torcolini, and R Redman. 2005. "Pseudovertical Temperature Profiles and the Urban Heat Island Measured by a Temperature Datalogger Network in Phoenix, Arizona." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44(1):3-13.
- Gustafson WI, Jr, EG Chapman, and JD Fast. 2005. "Effect of Clouds on Sulfate Production and Aerosol Optical Depths in Western Pennsylvania During August 2004." In American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, December 5-9, 2005, San Francisco, California. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC.
- Gustafson WI, Jr, JD Fast, RC Easter, Jr, and SJ Ghan. 2005. "Triumphs and Tribulations of WRF-Chem Development and Use." In 2005 Joint WRF/MM5 User's Workshop, June 27-30, 2005, Boulder, Colorado, p. Paper No. 8.4. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO.
- De Wekker S, DG Steyn, JD Fast, MW Rotach, and S Zhong. 2005. "The Performance of RAMS in Representing the Convective Boundary Layer Structure in a Very Steep Valley." Environmental Fluid Mechanics 5(1-2):35-62.
- Zhang Y, XM Hu, G Howell, ED Sills, JD Fast, WI Gustafson, Jr, RA Zaveri, GA Grell, SE Peckham, and SA McKeen. 2005. "Modeling Atmospheric Aerosols in WRF/Chem." In 2005 Joint WRF/MM5 User's Workshop, June 27-30, 2005, Boulder, Colorado. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO.
- Fast JD, and LS Darby. 2004. "An Evaluation of Mesoscale Model Predictions of Down-Valley and Canyon Flows and Their Consequences Using Doppler Lidar Measurements During VTMX 2000." Journal of Applied Meteorology 43(3):420-436.
- Banta RM, LS Darby, JD Fast, JO Pinto, CD Whiteman, WJ Shaw, and BW Orr. 2004. "Nocturnal Low-Level Jet in a Mountain Basin Complex. I. Evolution and Effects on Local Flows." Journal of Applied Meteorology 43(10):1348-1365.
- Barnard JC, EG Chapman, JD Fast, JR Schmelzer, JR, JR Schlusser, and RE Shetter. 2004. "An Evaluation of the FAST-J Photolysis algorithm for predicting nitrogen dioxide photolysis rates under clear and cloudy sky conditions." Atmospheric Environment 38(21):3393-3403.
- Jiang G, and JD Fast. 2004. "Modeling the Effects of VOC and NOx Emission Sources on Ozone Formation in Houston during the TexAQS 2000 Field Campaign." Atmospheric Environment 38(30):5071-5085.
- Stutz JP, B Alicke, R Ackerman, A Geyer, SH Wang, AB White, EJ Williams, CW Spicer, Jr, and JD Fast. 2004. "Relative Humidity Dependence of HONO Chemistry in Urban Areas." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 109(D3):D03307. doi:10.1029/2003JD004135
- Fast JD, and WE Heilman. 2003. "The Effect of Lake Temperatures and Emissions on Ozone Exposure in the Western Great Lakes Region." Journal of Applied Meteorology 42(9):1197-1217.
- Fast JD. 2003. "Forecasts of Valley Circulations Using the Terrain-Following and Step-Mountain Vertical Coordinates in the Meso Eta Model." Weather and Forecasting 18(6):1192-1206.
- Kleinman LI, PH Daum, YN Lee, LJ Nunnermacker, SR Springston, J Weinstein-Lloyd, P Hyde, P Doskey, J Rudolph, JD Fast, and CM Berkowitz. 2003. "Photochemical Age Determinations in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 108(D3):4096. doi:10.1029/2002JD002621
- Wang SH, R Ackermann, CW Spicer, Jr, JD Fast, M Schmeling, and J Stutz. 2003. "Atmospheric Observations of Enhanced NO2-HONO Conversion on Mineral Dust Particles." Geophysical Research Letters 30(11):1595. doi:10.1029/2003GL017014
- Zhong S, and JD Fast. 2003. "An Evaluation of MM5, RAMS, and Meso-Eta Models at Subkilometer Resolution Using VTMX Field Campaign Data in the Salt Lake Valley." Monthly Weather Review 131(7):1301-1322.
- Zhong S, and JD Fast. 2003. "An Evaluation of the MM5, RAMS, and Meso-Eta Models at Subkilometer Resolution Using VTMX Field Campaign Data in the Salt Lake Valley." Monthly Weather Review 131(7):1301-1322.
- Fast JD, and WJ Shaw. 2002. "Observed and Simulated Turbulence Kinetic Energy and Dissipation Profiles in an Urban Valley During VTMX 2000." In 15th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, pp. 638-641. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
- Fast JD, RA Zaveri, RX Bian, EG Chapman, and RC Easter, Jr. 2002. "Effect of Regional-Scale Transport on Oxidants in the Vicinity of Philadelphia During the 1999 NE-OPS Field Campaign." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 107(D16):, doi:10.1029/2001JD000980
- Berkowitz CM, J Stutz, CW Spicer, JC Doran, JD Fast, and S Wang. 2002. "Vertical Mixing and Chemistry Over an Arid Urban Site: First Results from Skyscraper Observations Made During the Phoenix Sunrise Campaign." In Fourth Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry: Urban, Regional, and Global Scale Impacts of Air Pollutants, pp. 35-38. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
- Berkowitz CM, SR Springston, JC Doran, and JD Fast. 2002. "Vertical Mixing and Chemistry Over an Arid Urban Site: First Results from Aircraft Observations Made During the Phoenix Sunrise Campaign." In Fourth Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry: Urban, Regional, and Global Scale Impacts of Air Pollutants, pp. 165-168. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
- Doran JC, JD Fast, and JD Horel. 2002. "The VTMX 2000 Campaign." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 83(4):537-551.
- Doran JC, CM Berkowitz, and JD Fast. 2002. "The Phoenix 2001 Field Campaign: Evolution of Oxidants during the Morning Transition Period." In Fourth Conference on Atmospheric Chemistry: Urban, Regional, and Global-Scale Impacts of Air Pollutants, January 13-17, 2002, Orlando, Florida, pp. 83-87. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
- Stutz J, R Ackerman, JD Fast, and LA Barrie. 2002. "Atmospheric Reactive Chlorine and Bromine at the Great Salt Lake, Utah." Geophysical Research Letters 29(10):1380. doi:10.1029/2002GL014812
- Fast JD, and JC Doran. 2000. "Boundary Layer Characteristics in Phoenix and Their Effect on Vertical Transport and Mixing." In AMS 9th Conference on Mountain Meteorology, pp. 292-297. American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
- Fast JD, JC Doran, WJ Shaw, RL Coulter, and TJ Martin. 2000. "The Evolution of the Boundary Layer and Its Effect on Air Chemistry in the Phoenix Area." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 105(D18):22,833-22,848.
- Berkowitz CM, JD Fast, and RC Easter, Jr. 2000. "Boundary Layer Vertical Exchange Processes and the Mass Budget of Ozone: Observations and Model Results." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 105(D11):14,789-14,805.
- Whiteman CD, S Zhong, X Bian, JD Fast, and JC Doran. 2000. "Boundary Layer Evolution and Regional-Scale Diurnal Circulations over the Mexico Basin and Mexican Plateau." Journal of Geophysical Research. D. (Atmospheres) 105(D8):10,081-10,102.
- Edgerton SA, X Bian, JC Doran, JD Fast, JM Hubbe, EL Malone, WJ Shaw, CD Whiteman, S Zhong, JL Arriaga, E Ortiz, M Ruiz, G Sosa, E Vega, T Limon, F Guzman, J Archuleta, JE Bossert, S Elliott, JT Lee, LA McNair, JC Chow, JG Watson, RL Coulter, PV Doskey, JS Gaffney, NA Marley, W Neff, and R Petty. 1999. "Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project." Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association 49:1221-1229.
- Doran JC, X Bian, SA Edgerton, JD Fast, JM Hubbe, WJ Shaw, and CD Whiteman. 1998. "The IMADA-AVER Boundary-Layer Experiment in the Mexico City Area." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79(11):2497-2508.
- Spicer CW, EG Chapman, BJ Finlayson-Pitts, RA Plastridge, JM Hubbe, JD Fast, and CM Berkowitz. 1998. "First Observations of Molecular Halogens in the Marine Troposphere." Nature 394(6691):353-356.


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Good for you Roff, I'm so proud to have influenced your feast! Just keep slowly turning up the heat until it hold where you want it and you'll be fine. You won't ruin it trust me, there were almost tears in my eyes as my prime rib was a fireball, but the people raved, and honestly that fireball was almost worth the money to see...almost.
Trust me I've thrown caution to the wind countless time and haven't had to order Domino's yet!
Good Luck and Enjoy!

subset: commoncrawl


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THE parent company of Muse Developments, which is working on the £200 million regeneration of Basing View, has reported a 34 percent fall in full-year adjusted pre-tax profits.
Morgan Sindall Group plc said this fell to £31.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to £48.1m in 2012.
However, its revenue rose two per cent to £2.09 billion.
Adjusted earnings per share were 60.9p, down from 92.0p in 2012, while the dividend for the year is 27.0p per share.
The group's committed order book stands at £2.4 billion, up from £2.2 billion in 2012, and the regeneration and development pipeline grew to £3.0 billion.
During 2013, the national developer, which has offices in London, Manchester, Glasgow and Leeds, continued progress on a number of major urban regeneration schemes across the UK.
Upbeat Mike Auger, regional director for Muse Developments for the South said: "This year we've seen a real increase in confidence particularly in the residential sector.
"Construction is underway at a number of our schemes, bringing about much-needed regeneration for our partners.
"We continue to pursue some exciting new opportunities across the region and look forward to the year ahead."
At Basing View, Muse signed development agreements with Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council for a 15-year, £200 million project which will deliver a 21st century regional business destination. When complete, Basing View will create around 650,000 sq ft of new commercial-led development over 15 acres, promoting and stimulating new investment in the area.
It will include a mix of office space, a business class hotel and other supporting facilities.
According to Muse, the project has the potential to double the number of jobs currently available at the business park to around 10,000.
Muse Developments is currently awaiting a planning decision early this year for the start of Phase One which will be a combined Waitrose and John Lewis at home store.


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Is Target's Thanksgiving Night Opening at 9 for Black Friday Unfair to Employees?
We all know about what retail employees typically refer to as the 'Thanksgiving Creep', the opening time for a store on 'Black Friday' that gets earlier every year. This year, target has announced that they will open at 9pm on Thanksgiving night to get a jump on the competition, and their employees are are not exactly filled with holiday cheer over the announcement.


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10 Sparkling Jewels Under $50
Adorn yourself with rings, necklaces and bracelets that only look expensive.
-PJ Gach
A great necklace, a wowzer of a ring, or a bangle of a bracelet can take your look from okay to envious. We've shopped around and found some stunning pieces that won't break your bank (though your friends might think you robbed one for these babies).
Read on for our seriously budget friendly picks.
1. Baroque pearl bracelet set ($21.99, unicefusa.org).
2. House of Harlow peacock cocktail ring ($45, charmandchain.com)
3. Bling bangles in gold ($9.99, shockboutique.com)
Read 20 Sexy, Sassy Push Up Bras
4. Mixed topaz drop earrings ($29.90, thelimited.com)
5. Turquoise and chains necklace ($8.80, forever21.com)


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Transfers from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station
From: Milan City Centre
To: Milan Train Station
Date: 20/Aug/2017
Pick-Up Time: 12:00
Passengers: 1
We offer low cost, fixed price transfers from Milan City Centre. Prices include a fully licensed driver and insured vehicle, taxes and toll charges, luggage and extras such as child seats and ski equipment, waiting time and flight monitoring. Book a taxi from Milan City Centre online and save compared to local Milan taxi rates. The vehicles used for transfers from Milan City Centre are less than 4 years old and in excellent condition.
Private Milan Tours, hire by the hour, Van Transfers, Minibus and Private Coach Transfers for large groups from Milan City Centre available on request.
For transfers from Milan City Centre to other destinations not listed please contact us. If you are traveling to Milan City Centre from a different pick up point please visit Milan transfers page.
ATM - Azienda Trasporti Milanesi is the public transportation system in Milan.
The Metro system (known as Metropolitana) has 3 lines that serving the city. Milan metro service starts running from 6:00 to midnight or 2:00 on Saturday nights. There are also Suburban Lines that connect city centre to metropolitan area.
The main railway station is Milan Central Station.
Trams are orange and and are great for sightseeing. Buses are also orange and you can get almost everywhere in Milan by bus but some of their services stop even before midnight.
Milan taxi service can be very expensive especially if you are booking by phone, because the paying rate starts running from the moment the driver got the call. But there is another type of taxi service in Milan that must be pre-booked and usually is provided with unmarked luxury vehicles at very affordable prices. AirportTaxiTransfers.com works only with NCC Taxi services in Milan and other Italian cities.
Milan is served by three main airports: Malpensa International Airport, IATA code: MXP, the second busiest in Italy; Linate Airport, IATA code: LIN, used for domestic or short international flights; and Orio al Serio Airport, IATA code: BGY, located near Bergamo.
Milan Malpensa Airport (MXP) is located 55 kilometers north-west of Milan and the estimated transfer time to Milano downtown is about one hour. For transfers from Malpensa Airport visit Malpensa Airport Transfers Page.
Milan Linate airport (LIN) is located just 6 kilometers south east of Milan city center and the estimated transfer time to Milan city center is 25 minutes. For transfers from Linate Airport visit Linate Airport Transfers Page.
Bergamo Orio al Serio airport (BGY) is used mainly by low cost airlines offering cheap flights to Milan. This airport is located 55 kilometers north east of Milan and the estimated driving time to Milan downtown is about one hour. We offer airport transfer from Milan Bergamo airport to Milan and vice-versa as well.
Private taxi price from Milan Malpensa Airport to Milan Train station is EUR 85.
The cost for taxi transfer from Milan Malpensa Airport to Milan City Centre is EUR 85.
The private taxi cost from Milan City Centre to Milan Central Train Station with luxury vehicles is EUR 48.
The private taxi fare from Milan Malpensa Airport to Stresa is EUR 80.
The taxi transfer from Milan Malpensa airport to Como Town is EUR 95 for up to 3 passengers.
A: Airports Taxi Transfers provides private transfers from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station. Select one of the vehicles below to book your transportation from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station.
Q: Can the driver pick us up from an address near Milan City Centre?
A: Private Milan City Centre transfer can be arranged from any location near Milan City Centre. For custom transfers that can not be booked online please contact us.
Q: Can I book a transfer from Milan Train Station to Milan City Centre?
A: Yes. To book go to Milan Train Station to Milan City Centre transfer page.
Q: Do you provide shared transportation or a shuttle from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station?
A: The options available for transportation from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station are displayed below. If a Milan City Centre shuttle service is available it will show in the list below.
Q: We are a large group. Do you provide private bus transportation?
A: Bus transfers from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station or any other destination are available on request.
Q: I can't find my destination on your list. Can I book a taxi to a different town?
A: If your destination is not showing in the online booking form please contact us for a quote.
Q: Are there any extra charges ?
A: The price for the transfer from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station is fixed and fully inclusive. For more details visit Milan City Centre transfers page or Milan Train Station transfers page.
Q: Can I cancel my Milan City Centre Taxi reservation?
A: Your Milan City Centre Taxi can be cancelled with no charge in most cases up to 12 hours before pick up.
Your Quote for a Transfer from Milan City Centre to Milan Train Station - One Way
Mercedes E class or similar
EUR 48 - One Way
EUR 57 - One Way
Mercedes Viano or similar
EUR 63 - One Way
Mercedes Vito or similar
EUR 66 - One Way
Mercedes S class or similar
EUR 90 - One Way
Bus 16pax
EUR 103 - One Way
Bus 50pax
EUR 147 - One Way


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I'm having a problem that when I delete an app it reboots I wonder what's causing it
My Cydia looks for updates and reloads every time I open the app. So I'm guessing there is a way to turn that feature off since you're having to manually update?
As for the other aspects of this(not bandwidth reduction), I think that this is a great idea! There are certain packages which every jailbroken user should have. Unfortunately many people who jailbreak don't know this. This helps them.


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Vino, that's an awesome accomplishment. Congrats to your girls!
Date: Mar 31st
Race: The Cooper River Bridge Run
Event URL: http://bridgerun.com/
Distance: 6.2 Miles
Location: Charleston, SC USA
Goal Time: 55:00
Actual time: 51:40
The race director actually had to send out an apology letter to all runners this year. The race was delayed by MORE THEN AN HOUR! This is a one way race, across a bridge. Well, they bus runners from the finish line to the start line across the bridge, then at a certain time the bridge closes to get ready for the race and the buses take an alternate, longer route. This year for some reason they let the buses keep going across the bridge and couldn't start on time. There are 43,000 people and about 10 corrals. I was in corral E. We couldn't hear the announcers, we had no idea what was going on. All I knew was that I warmed up @ 7:20 for an 8:00 race and then stood in a crowded corral until we finally started around 9:15. YUCK. People were sitting on the ground and stretching and bitching and moaning. It was awful.
BUT...when the race actually did start, I felt fine and left that all behind me. I think all the 5K's I've been doing helped me a lot. I was able to gauge my pace and hold back a little, but not too much. I did my first 2 miles @ 8:15's then we got to the bridge which is a mile @ 4% incline and I took off. I had been running it once a week and I knew I could fly up it. I did that 3rd mile @ about 8. Then I slowed down the next 2 miles because my goal was 55 minutes and I knew I pretty much had that in the bag. This race is so crowded and it's elbows and leap frogging the whole time, so I didn't really have to much to think about besides not tripping someone or getting knocked down. The last mile is downtown Charleston on King Street. There are people everywhere cheering and music playing so I took off and finished the race strong. I am so happy with my time. Last year I ran the same race in 1:07...which is 16 minutes slower!!!
Amazing what a little training can do!!!
Congratulations! What a huge improvement!
PBs since age 60: 5k- 24:36, 10k - 47:17. Half Marathon- 1:42:41.
10 miles (unofficial) 1:16:44.
Date: April 14 2012
Race: Palmetto Half Marathon
Event url: http://palmettohalfmarathon.com/
Distance: 13.1
Location: Columbia, SC
Goal Time: 1:59:59
Race Time: 1:52:01
PR by 10 minutes!!!!!!
Every race is a learning experience and today was no exception. It was my second half marathon and I had a great time overall. I ran with a friend of mine who is sort of around my same level and we run about the same training schedule. I learned that when a race course is described as "rolling downhills"....that means it also includes rolling UPHILLS!!!!! My friend had run this race last year, so I asked her if it was very hilly, and if there were any extremely hard hills. She replied "not that I can remember". Well she officially has the worst memory ever This course was in Columbia, SC which is pretty hilly. I live and run in Charleston, SC which is below sea level...to run a hill you have to find a bridge somewhere, LOL. I was unprepared for how hilly this course was. There wasn't one point on the course where you weren't coming off a hill or starting to go up one. Ouch!
I was naive and for the first 5 miles I pretty much tackled those hills with all I had, thinking to myself it couldn't continue like that, I mean, who would subject themselves to a course like that? Well they didn't let up and though they weren't too steep, they were just so relentless it was wearing me out. About mile 8 I had had enough and I was cussing my friend out in my head. There were a lot of people out cheering in the neighborhoods we ran through and the course really was beautiful. We passed a huge lake and some really nice houses. I chatted with some other runners along the way and also thanked lots of volunteers. The weather was perfect, 46 at the start and around 60 by the time we finished. It was sunny, there were ample aid stations and the mile markers were all easy to see and perfectly placed. I have absolutely no complaints about the course (other then whining about the hills). It was so well organized and well run that I will probably do it again next year. Plus the medals are super cool
My friend and I played cat and mouse for the whole race, which was fun and kept our focus off the hills somewhat. I had pulled away and was giving it my all, but at mile 12 we had to go UP an exit ramp to the highway and it was long, steep...and I just didn't have anything left to give. She sprinted past me and tried to get me to go with her, but I couldn't quite do it. She finished about 45 seconds ahead of me, but we both got PR's and are extremely happy with our times. The post race fanfare didn't consist of much, but they did have Krispy Kreme donuts!!!
I learned that I really, really like half marathons. I feel that this is the race distance I have the most room for improvement in and that with more miles and more specific quality runs I can get my time even lower.
Thanks for all the support and tips you guys gave me!!!
Race Time: 1:52:01
PR by 10 minutes!!!!!!
Awesome. Great job.
Come all you no-hopers, you jokers and roguesWe're on the road to nowhere, let's find out where it goes
Former runner
Congrats! That's a great PR.
Date: April 28
Race: : Providence Heart and Sole 5 miler
Event URL: http://www.providencehospitals.com/Heart_Sole_Women_s_Five_Miler
Distance: 5.0 Miles
Location: Columbia, SC, USA
Goal: 40:00
I finished 3rd in my AG, with a 39:48. My average pace was a 7:58 It was a REALLY fun race. There was a giant hill between miles 2-3, but the finish was downhill and there was quite a crowd. It was an all women's race and that was pretty cool. I liked the distance more then I thought I would. I was more comfortable running this race then I have been running my 5Ks. Probably because I started out smart and didn't go too fast and was able to keep a fairly steady pace for the entire race. My splits were pretty even: 7:50, 7:55, 8:15, 8:15 and 7:33.
Overall it was a great race. I beat my goal, I had a lot of fun, I won an award and kept a great attitude throughout the race even when up the hills
Date: May 27th
Event: Easter Seals 5k
Location: Newmarket, Fairy Lake Park
Time: 24:36
Place: 24/210 overall, 2nd. M60 plus.
Nice event with about the best organisation ever, really went smoothly.
This is a fund-raiser so does not attract a very strong field, the winner finished in 18x, which would not get you in the top 10 in some of our small local 5ks.
I positioned myself about 1/3 of the way back at the start as I was aware I had done no training, (see my log!), and started out at an easy jogging pace. The race is run out and back on a narrow path, about 8 feet wide, which after 800m is split up the middle by cones so after the turn around runners are passing from opposite directions. This meant I was blocked by slower traffic quite a bit, though the main problem was just that I was too conservative.
At nearly 3k a guy overtook me, the first runner to do so, I said "Good job", he replied "You too" and I decided to try to stay with him. It felt good to run a little faster and I soon overtook him then gradually accelerated the rest of the way ending in one of those crazy idiot 200m sprints which prove you were not trying hard enough the rest of the way!
Not a bad day overall, it was nice my wife came with me to cheer me along and seemed to think I did ok.
I will try for top 5 overall next year.
Team 9 from Outer Space
Date: 06/10/12
Race: I Love Regina Run
Distance: 10K
Goal: 65:00
Finishing time: 1:06:33
Fourth year running this (fifth year run has been held)
Weather: 15*C, sunny, 33kph wind gusting to 40kph.
I went camping (tenting) with my son's grade 2 class on Thursday-Friday. I was exhausted from that and slept really poorly last night. I sort of expected it wouldn't be a personal best; my best 10K was 1:05:17. HappyFeat, my RA running coach , suggested one strategy to me: try 11mm for the first mile and drop to 10:30-10:40 mm (which is more in line with what I'd like for my half pace this fall). I was really nervous going into this until I got to the starting line. Well as you can see by my splits, I wasn't patient enough to go slower in that first mile.
Splits: Splits: 10:46 - 10:44 - 10:46 - 10:42 - 10:50 - 10:47 - (9:45 for last partial mile) = 10:44 pace
Finish: 1:06:33 (PR for this race 1:06:21 last year)
I am a little disappointed that I didn't PR for the course when I saw how close I was; I always want to improve. (Who doesn't!) I was also slower than the 10K last month that was a disaster (1:06:19), but this one felt better. I was stronger mentally and didn't get discouraged. I didn't walk at all except for about 20 second in mile 5 when I needed to drink. I wanted to try to run pretty even splits. Overall, it was a success.
For the first time, I had a walker gripe at me at the start. They were walking 3 or 4 shoulder to shoulder near the front of the start and they were hard to get around. I got the gripe because I bumped them while trying to go around them and others were bumping me. Really, don't start in the very middle near the front as a group like that to walk, even if it is a fun run.
This race puts me in a good spot going into half training. Monday is a yoga day and Tuesday is my first scheduled workout for the half training. (Feel free to comment on my training plan if you are so inclined.)
"Don't feel like running today...suck it up and run ...you're an athlete." (John Stanton, founder & owner of The Running Room)
Three half marathons later, I got a number. Half Fanatic #9292. :)
Well done Meg!
Very even splits, a solid race,
"as you can see by my splits, I wasn't patient enough to go slower in that first mile."
It's a hard one to learn. The best way I've discovered to get around that is to do a warmup jog before the race. Otherwise, in anything longer than a 5K, running the first first mile slower to warmup is really necessary to be able to achieve those faster miles to come.
I get so fed up with the walkers and people pushing strollers who line up ahead of where they should be. Since I am mostly running small events that aren't enforced or corralled, I line up nearer the front now and save myself the aggravation. I promise I'm cognizant of the speedsters and don't get in their way...I wouldn't want to cause them the same problem I'm trying to avoid.
Go as long as you can, and then take another step.
Climbing Mt Ruapehu
Auckland Half Marathon
I came, I jogged, i did 1:48 something
Slow for me (10 mins slower than my last HM) and I found the lack of road running and total disregard for a specialist build up found me hurting a lot for the last 6km!
Ran a bit quick for first 6 or 7, ran well for next 5km then faded a bit with just the legs hammered by the hard surface
So now back to trails :-) I have said I am totally retiring now from road running over 10km but I am sure at some stage I will do another HM or FM
Personal Race Records:
M 3:52:48 (Auckland 2011), HM 1:38:16 (Taupo 2010), 10km 45:05 (Sir Barry 2010), 5km 20:21 (How Pak 5km 2010)
2012 Goals:Run the 75km Hillary Trail in a day (done 10/3/2012)
Hey Vino
I missed this one for a couple of days. Congratz on the jog & finish!
I'm still dreaming of the day when I can jog round in 1:48!!
Is this race truly your swansong or is this a case of "I'll never drink another beer again" the morning after?
Either way - great job and I hope you keep hanging around here to post every now and then!
2013 Goals1) Break 1:50 in a HM (PR 1:52:19)2) Break 4:00 in a Marathon (PR 4:20:39)
Kiawah Island Marathon
December 8, 2012
Goal: <4:00:00
Finish: 3:51:37
So..as you all know my goal was to get under 4 hours. Actually, up until about 2 months ago it was to get a 4:30...but my training was going well and my times were improving and I thought I should readjust it. I'm glad I did because that goal was much more realistic.
I was nervous about whether I had tapered correctly and whether my diet was ok. I definitely ate more carbs last week then I had in a good while. I'm @ 113 on the scale today, 2 weeks ago I was @ 105...but whatever. I guess all those extra carbs did me good because I didn't hit any sort of wall. All week my legs felt sluggish and I was tired and and sort of lethargic. Then Friday I started to feel like myself again, and Saturday morning my legs were full of energy and aching to get to the starting line and my head was clear. So I guess I did all right on the taper thing
Got to the expo Friday and met with the pace groups. There was a 4 hour and a 3:55 pacer. I signed up for the 3:55 group initially, but the dude told me I should start with the 4 and then if I felt good I could always make up the time later. This made since to me because I still wasn't quite sure that sub4 was within my reach (pretty sure, just not 100%). We met with the 4 hour pacer and she was cool. She said she banks time by keeping a few second ahead of pace, but she walks through every water station. I wasn't sure I liked this at all. I had heard advice from a lot of people telling me to walk through the water stations whether you needed water or not. That the little bit of recovery you give your legs there will save you from exhaustion down the stretch...but I wasn't sure I was buying it. I went back and forth over running my own race completely or staying with her...finally right before bed Friday night I decided I would stay with her until at least 13 and then check in with myself to see how things were going.
That decided I got a good nights sleep and had brown sugar pop tarts, coffee and water for breakfast. We got to the race start around 7, an hour early. It was about a 10 minute walk from our rental house, so that was a nice little warm up AND it got my bowels going, so I had no problem with pre-race toilet issues (believe it or not THIS is one of my biggest fears). My friend wasn't as lucky and she was still waiting in line at the porta-potty 10 minutes before the race. Luckily it was a small race, 1200 marathoners, so she found me easily. I was lined up with the 4 hour pace group and we were ready to go.
The half marathon started with the full, and this caused a TON of congestion for about the first 5-6 miles. It was annoying, trying to stay with the pacer as she was bobbing and weaving in order to keep her pace. There were probably 20 of us trying to stay with her. I know I ran up on the sidewalk and all around trying to keep up with her, which is probably why my GPS read 26.7 at the end of the race instead of 26.2!! LOL!
It finally cleared out and everything was going well. I was sticking with her for the ease of not having to keep up with my own pace, but I was zoned out with my headphones in and not really participating in the conversations she was having with the others. I was feeling a few aches and my right calf was sort of tight until about mile 8 when everything loosened up and started to get groovy.
I stayed with her until mile 18 just like MT told me to...I took the first 18 easy. I was leery of taking off even then, but I felt so darn good and I had plenty of sports beans left, and I knew that water wasn't an issue so I sped it up a bit and left the pace group. When I got to mile 20 I knew it was just a 10K left, I knew I had a lot left in me and so I just started to go...I felt good. I saw the 3:55 pace group on a turn and shouted to them that I was coming for them. I caught up with them and stayed for a minute, but that pace felt too slow so I left them too. I was smiling. I was singing. I passed 137 people and no one passed me in the last 10K (race statistics provided by the race). My last 2 miles were 7:45's!!!!! In the last mile my quads started to feel tight, nothing too intense, but just enough to let me know I was pushing it.
I think I ran a smart race. My goal was to finish and still feel like grabbing a beer and being able to go out with friends that night. I am glad that I was conservative in the beginning and that I was comfortable enough to push it at the end. I know I had a faster race in me, but for this race on this weekend I am very proud of myself. It was nothing but a positive experience.


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Set includes 5 butterfly cookie cutters ranging in size from 2" to 3-1/2", 2 mini texture mats, and instructions. Roll out cookie dough, cut with cookie cutter, bake cookies, ice with buttercream icing, roll out fondant on mat, cut with same cookie cutter and place on iced cookie for a perfect fit. Add additional decorations if desired.
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You can never come up with enough fake titles. Someone has even created a fake title generator. (Here's what I got from the site: Oppressing, Representing, Protesting: Sexuality in George Orwell and the Cultural Ego of Relic in Animal Farm.) So, once again, here are a few fake titles in religious studies and American religious history. (I like to get some ideas from journal titles found on Project Muse.)
White Elephant Gifts of the Spirit: TV Preachers in the 1990s
The Prevangelicals: Pietists, Preachers, and Divinity Pedlars in the Early Modern West
Local Weathermen and the Pornotropics of Doppler Iconography in Cleveland, Ohio, 1997-1999
"Broadminded is spelled s-i-n": The Theology of the Louvin Brothers
Stand Up and Shout It: Bible Quizzing, Performativity, the Politics of Affective Agency, and {Em}bodiment
Whorehouse Faith: The Lived Religion of the Painted Ladies of Chicago's Little Hell, 1880-1906
On the Road Again: Hobo Graphotheologies from Bangor, Maine, to Cave Creek, Arizona, 1929-1950
Raise Your Paws and Praise Him: Dogs at Worship and in Community
The Legend of the Great Salt Lake Mormon Merman, 1890-1902
Planet of the Apes, the Twilight of Scientism, and Dystopian Premillennial Predilections
Tinseltown Preacher Cowboys, Shirtless Suburban Gurus, and Hippie Pretindians of the Southwest: Baby Boomers working off Script during their Religious Quests, 1966-1973


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UK and NATO troops battled bad weather and treacherous conditions on Salisbury Plain while undertaking a three-and-a-half-day training exercise at the end of a course.
Exercise Lions Strike saw 37 students, including soldiers from the Warminster-based 1st Battalion Yorkshire Regiment, Y Company the First Battalion Royal Regiment of Fusiliers and the Royal Marines, take to the Plain with their NATO counterparts.
The exercise, which used Challenger 2 tanks and Warriors, forms the delivery phase of the three-week Combined Arms Tactics Course, which is designed for majors who are about to take command of sub-units, infantry companies and armoured units.


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Sometimes life takes us on strange journeys.
A couple weeks ago, an elderly Kansas couple apparently got confused while driving on their eight-hour trip to Dwight, Ill. They didn't exit when they should have, took a couple wrong turns and ended up a couple days later in northern Michigan, at a town called Milo. I'm not sure whose idea it was, but they finally stopped to ask for directions.
The Kansas couple had driven more than 400 miles past their destination. He was 92 years old, his wife was 81. Though the outcome could have been much different, with harm coming to the couple, they apparently came through their adventure just fine.
Of course, they should have called their loved ones on that first night when they didn't make it to Dwight. Of course, they should have called their loved ones that next morning before getting back into their car. Of course, they should have gone to the nearest police station to get some help. But still, they made the journey without any accidents and apparently none the worse for wear, other than for probably receiving a good scolding or two from loved ones.
When I heard about the Kansas couple being found safe and apparently well, I was relieved and thankful they were OK. But then my thoughts turned to all the potential jokes at the couple's expense, about the "not stopping for directions no matter how long this eight hour trip takes us" kind of jokes.
But actually there's something I have to admire about the couple. Even though there was so much wrong about the trip, they reached a safe destination, even if it was a different one than originally planned.
Though I have never driven 400 miles out of my way, I have taken a wrong turn or two in my life.
Some of those wrong turns have been literal. I have messed up on the Interstate 80/Interstate 74 intersection just east of the Quad Cities and have traveled toward Peoria instead of Princeton. When attending college in the state of Ohio, I traveled way further into Chicago than I should have because I didn't follow the Interstate 80 road signs correctly. I have gotten lost on the streets and interstates in Salt Lake City. Just a couple weeks ago, my colleague Goldie Currie and I took a "scenic route" through Peoria on the way home from an Illinois Press Association luncheon in Springfield.
But sometimes a wrong turn or two isn't all that bad. I've seen country roads and barns and city streets and houses and people that I wouldn't have seen otherwise. I've become a more understanding driver, realizing other drivers may be just as turned around as me.
But more importantly, my wrong turns have taught me the journey is about more than just a destination. The journey, even the wrong turns in life, are about developing perseverance when the going gets tough and confusing, about knowing when to ask for help, and about learning to be lighten up and laugh at my mistakes.
As expected, some of those wrong turns in my life have not been the literal kind. But even from those wrong turns, I have learned.
Whether literal or figurative, wrong turns happen to all of us sometimes, just like with the Kansas couple. It's what we do with them that counts.


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64-bit Pentium 4 "F", 2MB Prescotts and 925XE Updatesby Kristopher Kubicki on 8/5/2004 3:43 AM EST
- Posted in
- CPUs
13 Comments
Back to Article
bhtooefr - Wednesday, August 18, 2004 - linkHere's what it REALLY is:
7xx: P4 Extreme Edition
5xx: P4
3xx: Celeron
7xx: Pentium M
5xx: Mobile P4, P4-M (they ARE two different things - the Mobile P4 is essentially what AMD calls a DTR chip, and the P4-M is essentially what AMD calls a Mobile chip)
3xx: Mobile Celeron (based on the P4), Celeron M Reply
KristopherKubicki - Wednesday, August 18, 2004 - linkdanidentity: Yes there will be a 3.2 all the way to 3.8. Somewhere it was mentioned that the 4.0F was removed from the roadmap, but i would not be surprised if it reappears.
Kristopher Reply
bcoupland - Sunday, August 15, 2004 - linkAs of late, I have found Intel's naming system very confusing. Seems it is just getting worse Reply
danidentity - Monday, August 09, 2004 - linkThanks Kris, that makes a little more sense. Is there just going to be a 3.6F? Or will there be 3.4F's, 3.2F's, etc.? Reply
stephenbrooks - Sunday, August 08, 2004 - link#3, I think Intel uses these numbers in two different contexts, one for the mobile line and the other for the desktops. So in the desktop segment 7xx,5xx,3xx stand for P4F,P4E,CeleronD and in the mobile segment they stand for PM(Dothan),P4-M,CeleronM. At least that's what I've gathered. Reply
KristopherKubicki - Sunday, August 08, 2004 - link>Correct me if I'm wrong, but the 3.6F GHz will be
>the first E0 stepping chip, and it will ship Q3'04?
I believe there are two different versions of the E0 stepping. The 550 "J" processors are slightly different than the 3.6 "F" processors since the MHz labeled CPUs support EM64T.
Kristopher Reply
danidentity - Saturday, August 07, 2004 - linkYour article is a little confusing.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but the 3.6F GHz will be the first E0 stepping chip, and it will ship Q3'04?
Which will be the first 1066MHz FSB chip supported by the 925XE chipset? The 3.73? And why is the 3.73 an Extreme Edition? I was under the impression Intel was moving to 3.73 after 3.6GHz, but it wasn't going to be an Extreme Edition. Reply
retrospooty - Saturday, August 07, 2004 - link"Think these new ones can be faster than a 200 dollar AMD chip? "
LOL , prolly not Reply
Galvin - Friday, August 06, 2004 - linkThink these new ones can be faster than a 200 dollar AMD chip?
Anemone - Thursday, August 05, 2004 - linkI wish they would just go back to the old way, with ghz and a letter code, like 3.2E, etc.
Kind of concerned that even the new 925XE might have limited use or no use on Smithfield. Only listing Smithfield as working on Lakeport spells doom to me for the 915/925X we have now.
More AMD opportunities?
Pumpkinierre - Thursday, August 05, 2004 - linkStill dont know why the 3.73(720) uses the banias/dothan series number.
Anemone - Thursday, August 05, 2004 - linkI guess it's becoming much more key whether anyone can GET these cpu's short of going through the Dell's of the world.
The 3.73 looks to be large customer only - so while it's news, it's news that is tempered by a 'you get to look but not touch' issue :)
Oh well
TrogdorJW - Thursday, August 05, 2004 - linkEr.. damn, there's a few new code names that I hadn't heard before. Cranford (8MB L3 = 400 million transistors, *minimum*!), Copper River, and "Mukilteo"? All the good names have apparently been taken. Heh. I'm still waiting for Puyallup to show up. Reply


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Posted 6 years ago
(3 items)
This was my grandmother's and I really know nothing about it. I love the inlaid design with a grasshopper and dragonfly. Hoping someone can help me out as I have lots of questions about it. There are 5 bowls nested inside the round outer box. The outer box is about 3" in diameter and 2" tall. The material is very thin and lightweight. The exterior is a deep dark greenish - not true black - with a somewhat pebbled surface and matte or satin finish. The insides are smooth shiny red. The insects have extremely fine gold highlights - legs, antennae, wing veins. What is the country of origin? What is the proper term to use to describe it and what is its use, decorative or functional? What is it made of - papier mache? How old is it? Thanks for any help on this cool little object!


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 10/1/2014 (1319 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Ten days, 10 games, 10 different tracks!
After sampling a mixture of Arizona courses, I came to appreciate why the state has become such a popular golf destination for golfers.
Finding Manitobans on an Arizona golf course from November to March is as easy as spotting snowdrifts in Winnipeg.
And since the United States housing bust a few years ago, Manitobans have purchased properties in a near-herding mentality. There are areas of Scottsdale, Mesa, and Tempe that are viewed as Canadian subdivisions because of the preponderance of snowbird purchases.
The availability of quality golf options is one of the prime motivating factors that keep drawing Manitobans to the state.
Travelling with a fellow Winnipeg golf enthusiast, our journey would begin in Tucson on the evening of U.S. Thanksgiving Day.
Arriving at our Loews Resort property at 10 p.m., after the drive from Phoenix, and not having eaten since lunch, we quickly discovered finding an open restaurant during this important day of celebration was going to be a challenge.
After many tries, with even McDonald's outlets shut down, we finally had to resort to choosing from what was available at the nearest service station.
After aimlessly wandering the aisles, there it was, packaged under a brand called Hungry Man. Indeed, that was me!
And it was Thanksgiving Day after all. So I celebrated the occasion with a frozen turkey dinner, which included dressing, mashed potatoes plus all the trimmings our American friends might have enjoyed earlier in the evening.
After almost 14 hours of hunger, I concluded no home-cooked meal could have rivalled this one at the time.
But our bigger hunger was for golf, and with over 200 courses in the Phoenix-to-Tucson region we could only hope to capture a taste of these menu options. But the variety we went with did allow us to capture a sense of the quality and dynamic of Arizona golf.
For those planning a visit to the area here is my overview of the 10 selections that I experienced during this Arizona visit.
1. The We-Ko-Pa Golf Club
There are two 18-hole courses on this native-owned land situated just east of Scottsdale.
While most modern golf courses are surrounded by housing developments that often seem to infringe on the fairways, no such obstructions will be found at We-Ko-Pa.
Owned and operated by the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, this course yields some of the most dramatic views of the Sonaran Desert and the surrounding mountains. We golfed on the Cholla Course, designed by Scott Miller. It is a relatively narrow course with hillside undulations that bring their own challenges.
While the views are spectacular it should be known this is a year-round cart-path-only club. As a result, play will be slower, and depending upon your accuracy there can be a fair bit of hillside walking involved.
2. The Golf Club at Dove Mountain
Sand traps, desert, and mountain views are what the best PGA players will face when they compete in the WGC Accenture Match Play Championship from Feb. 17-23.
At 7,833 yards, and loaded with sand traps along the way, the best of professionals will struggle to score well on this Jack Nicklaus-designed desert walk.
Luckily there are five tee boxes to choose from, so even the casual golfer can enjoy the experience of this exquisitely structured course.
Situated only a few minutes off the I-10, near the community of Marana, it is easy to get to from either Tucson or Phoenix.
3. Lookout Mountain
Situated in the heart of Phoenix itself, this is a most enjoyable course to golf.
With its variety of elevations, this is a track offering many scenic opportunities, in a well-maintained lush flow through the Tapatio cliffs.
Highly rated by a number of golf magazines it has consistently received Golf Digest's four-star award over the past nine years.
Run by the worldwide Troon Golf organization, you will be well-greeted and treated throughout your time here, enhancing the golf experience.
Sitting in the Different Pointe of View restaurant at the end of a game will create an indelible imprint of why the course was christened Lookout Mountain.
4. Troon North
This is a Scottsdale golf experience that should not be missed.
There are two courses from which to choose, designed and then redesigned by British Open champion Tom Weiskopf. Both really are wonders to behold.
We golfed on the Monument track, aptly named for its huge granite stone structures that stand as statues in the middle of fairways.
5. The Ventana Canyon Mountain Course
The clubhouse of the Ventana Canyon golf club is situated immediately adjacent to the Loews Ventana Canyon Resort, which was our accommodation during the Tucson portion of our stay.
There were more changes in elevation on this course than any we golfed during the entire 10-day period. The signature third hole of this course is a par-3 elevated tee box that traverses over 100 yards of cactus and canyon before it drops into a tight, undulating green many yards below.
Only the fittest would ever attempt to walk this course and still hope to achieve a reasonable score.
6. The Canyon Course
Because of its convenient proximity, we golfed both of the Ventana courses.
It proved to be an excellent decision, with the Canyon Course offering an entirely different experience than the Mountain Course.
This course might be renamed the nature course for its abundance of wildlife we spotted along the way.
A bobcat that shadowed us along a hole was particularly exciting. The ebb and flow of the canyon stretches its way alongside the desert homes that ring most of the course.
7. Kierland Golf Club
Attached to the Westin Kierland Hotel, the package offerings at this club are unique.
Here you can forgo golf-cart transportation in favour of a specially designed Segway golf transporter. As another part of the optional extras, guests can take advantage of the innovative Fore-Max golf training fitness program.
My muscles were plenty sore after our session. With the CD I brought home, I trust I will improve my flexibility and strengthen those muscles that are most dedicated to the golf swing.
While this is, in many ways, a typical resort golf course design, it, too was one of the more enjoyable games we had.
8. Las Sendas
Mention the name Robert Trent Jones Jr. and you will find golfers asking for directions to the course he designed.
Owned by Canadians, Las Sendas is not only a tribute to the designer, but it is as scenic and challenging as any you will find.
Situated on the east side of Mesa, it has been designed to appeal to those who demand luxury and quality of play at the same time.
The only thing we found frustrating was the lack of yardage markers, with carts that did not include GPSs.
When I questioned management about this, their response was today's golfers are always bringing their own digital devices, so that investment was not deemed necessary.
9. Ambiente at Camelback
As many courses as there already are in Arizona, more are still being built, with Ambiente the latest example.
It is the second course at JW Marriot's Camelback Inn, and is a notation of what may be coming in new conservation designs.
In Spanish, ambiente means environment, and the decision to hire the Hurdzan Fry Environmental group for the design was a deliberate one.
As a result, the course is ringed by native grasses on most holes, and the desert areas are preserved and well-protected. When we were there, a pair of coyotes wandered by us, less than 100 yards away.
The fairways are quite narrow so golfers should know wayward shots almost certainly mean the ball will not be found in the deep grasses.
10. Superstitious Springs Golf Course
This may be the only course we played that strayed so completely from the pure desert golf concept. In many ways it felt like we were golfing on a Manitoba track, but here with palm, pine and eucalyptus trees rather than the leafy green surroundings we see at home.
The course was relatively flat, and was far and away the least expensive option we encountered.
It was fun to play and made for a most enjoyable day.


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Emeco Navy Counter Stool Wood Seat
Given that this chair was built to withstand the salt, water, and weather of the stormy sea, I think it can handle my nieces and nephews! Normally I try to steer them away from the nicer furniture toward something more machine washable, but I think Emeco can take them on! Plus...how nice is this chair? Seriously? Flawless.


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HOT on the heels of a Poole camera car driver being nabbed for speeding, the vehicle has been seen jumping a red light.
Poole resident Deb Simpson, who was driving behind the distinctive 'spy car', said: "They think they are above the law."
She reported the matter to Borough of Poole and was less than thrilled with the response. "They are not going to do anything," she said.
The car she was in was behind the white Borough of Poole Citroen with a video camera on the roof, which was on the lookout for parking infringements, when they came to temporary traffic lights at Sea View, Parkstone.
"The two cars in front jumped the red light and he was the third to go through," she said. "There is no excuse."
She added: "There is one rule for the council workers and one for the rest of us. Ed Balls (shadow chancellor) went through lights and he got a fine and three points on his licence. Why don't they get the same?"
If the video camera was operating it would have clearly captured the law being broken, she said.
However, the reply she received from Borough of Poole said the driver had been 'spoken to'.
Earlier this month the Daily Echo reported how a driver of the same car had been caught speeding in Banks Road, Sandbanks by the Dorset Road Safety camera car, exceeding the 30mph limit by 6mph – only six days earlier.
In relation to the latest infringement Jason Benjamin, parking services manager said: "We can confirm that the council is aware of an alleged traffic offence which occurred on January 24.
"While it is not council policy to comment on individual matters such as this, we would expect all staff to drive safely and responsibly while on council business. We have spoken to the individual concerned about this matter."
Dorset Road Safe, which operates 15 red light camera sites across the county said: "You are breaking the law if you cross the stop line when the traffic signals are showing a red light."
'Dangerous' parking places
A DORSET Road Safe camera van parked at the end of a Poole slip road was not considered to be in a safe place by a driver.
Seeing a photo posted on Facebook of the van stopped on a slip road to a busy dual-carriageway leading from Tower Park onto Dorset Way, he thought it a 'dangerous place'.
However the safety partnership, via Dorset Police, declined to answer any questions from the Daily Echo on why it was parked there, the dangers to drivers joining the dual-carriageway and what the penalty would be if any other motorist parked at the end of a slip road.
The response from Dorset Road Safety Partnership was: "The safety camera van was on duty at an authorised location. Please submit an FIO (sic) request if you wish further detail."
- Residents have also complained that the van was parked in a 'dangerous' place on the Fleetsbridge flyover section of Dorset Way, on the asphalt at the side of the 50mph dual-carriageway.
"They seem to be parking in places that are incredibly dangerous," said one driver who saw the van.


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Summer Solstice Floral Wreath by leighswiccanboutique on Etsy
This Beautiful Wreath is perfect for the Spring, and Summer months representing the beauty Mother Earth bestows upon us this time of year with her lovely flowers of life. This Wreath was handcrafted from Willow with blue and white ribbon weaved through out it. The wreath contains an array of a lovely arrangement of colors. Featuring Blue and Purple flowers, along with wild flowers, white roses, and baby's Breath. With the floral arrangement this wreath measures approx. 11" X 11" and the flowing ribbon at the bottom is approx. 22" in Length. ♥ FYI!♥ Shipping is Based off like Products sold and shipped. Over payment in shipping of 1.00 or more is always refunded to the buyer! ♥ INTERNATIONAL BUYERS PLEASE READ! Shipping cost has been calculated accordingly to previous like Items sold. I am sorry it is so high but that is the going rate of international post. I do refund anything that is left over from shipping that is in excess of 1.00 or more. Find more Whimsical Gifts listed at: https://www.etsy.com/shop/leighswiccanboutique?section_id=6978564


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New London house fire displaces tenants
New London – Residents in three apartments at 69 Montauk Ave. were displaced this afternoon when the first floor apartment caught fire and caused heavy damage to that apartment and smoke damage throughout the home, a fire official said.
New London Acting Battalion Chief Jeffrey Rheaume said heavy smoke and fire was visible from three windows on the first floor when firefighters arrived at 2:28 p.m. The fire was extinguished quickly, but caused heavy damage.
None of the residents of the three apartments were home at the time, Rheaume said. The local chapter of the American Red Cross is assisting tenants, as the building was condemned by the city building official, Rheaume said.
In addition to the New London Fire Department, crews from the Naval Submarine Base FAST Team and Lawrence + Memorial Hospital paramedics responded to the fire, along with the Salvation Army Canteen.
Connecticut Light & Power and Yankee Gas cut off services to the building.
The cause of the fire is under investigation by the New London fire marshal's office.


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Mind WorkStation - Brainwave Entrainment Software For Professionals
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Mind WorkStation ships with a number of advanced sound effects, including echo, reverb and even "3D sound" features, allowing you to place or move a sound in 3D space. You can adjust the pitch or tempo of any sound file. Filters such as band-pass and low-pass are implemented, along with a wide variety of modulation types such as auto-panning. All of these effects will add to the professionalism of the session and to the psychological effect it has on the client.
Most importantly, these effects are specially designed to be used with brainwave entrainment. Sound effects in other programs can often act to degrade the effectiveness of brainwave entrainment. In Mind WorkStation, everything has been meticulously designed to ensure that sound and visual effects will promote brainwave entrainment, not impede it.
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A WORCESTERSHIRE man has appeared in court charged with committing sexual assaults on teenage girls.
David John Crowther, aged 55, of West Road, Bromsgrove, appeared before Redditch magistrates on Tuesday accused of four sexual assaults on two 14-year-old girls at Bromsgrove between 1 June and 30 September 2012.
He was arrested in November 2012 and following an investigation by North Worcestershire's Child Protection Unit he was charged last month.
The case was adjourned until Tuesday, March 11, when Crowther will appear before the same court. He was released on court bail with a condition that he should not have contact with anyone under the age of 17 without the supervision of someone authorised by Children's Services.


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