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The present study aimed at further investigating trait aspects of sleep-related cognitive arousal and general cognitive arousal and their association with both objective and subjective sleep parameters in primary insomnia patients.
A clinical sample of 182 primary insomnia patients and 54 healthy controls was investigated using 2 nights of polysomnography, subjective sleep variables, and a questionnaire on sleep-related and general cognitive arousal.
Compared to healthy controls, primary insomnia patients showed both more sleep-related and general cognitive arousal. Furthermore, sleep-related cognitive arousal was closely associated with measures of sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance problems, while general cognitive arousal was not.
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia might benefit from dedicating more effort to psychological interventions that are able to reduce sleep-related cognitive arousal.
Spiegelhalder K; Regen W; Feige B; Hirscher V; Unbehaun T; Nissen C; Riemann D; Baglioni C. Sleep-related arousal versus general cognitive arousal in primary insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med 2012;8(4):431-437.
Insomnia is one of the most prevalent health complaints worldwide. It is defined by difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep or non-restorative sleep, accompanied by significant daytime impairments.1 Chronic insomnia affects up to 22% of the population2 and commonly occurs as a comorbid condition in other medical or mental disorders. Primary insomnia, an exclusionary diagnosis of poor sleep, ruling out psychiatric, medical, and additional sleep-related pathology,3 is estimated to affect up to 3% of the population.4
Current models of primary insomnia highlight the role of cognitive, emotional, and physiological hyperarousal for the development and maintenance of the disorder.5–9 With respect to cognitive processes, patients' cognitions are often dominated by worries and ruminations that are associated with a level of arousal that is incompatible with restorative sleep. Accordingly, previous studies have shown that cognitive arousal is positively correlated with prolonged sleep onset latency in insomnia patients.10–15Furthermore, some studies included an experimental increase of pre-sleep cognitive arousal levels that resulted in difficulties falling asleep as well as in distorted sleep perception.16,17 Focusing on the content of these intrusive thoughts revealed that thinking about sleep and the anticipated consequences of poor sleep is very common in poor sleepers.11,18,19 In line with this, the attentional system of patients with primary insomnia has been described as particularly sensitive to sleep-related information. According to the attention-intention effort model,6 this focus on sleep-related information leads to a cascade of processes inducing the poor sleeper to direct effort and intention towards sleeping which is incompatible with the ability to obtain restorative sleep. Several studies have investigated attentional preference for sleep-related cues in primary insomnia using computerized tasks.20–26 The majority of this work supports the notion that poor sleepers show an attentional bias for sleep-related stimuli relative to good sleeper controls. Consistent with these results, altered emotional responses to sleep-related stimuli have been reported in people with insomnia as compared to good sleepers.27 Of note, studies on anxiety suggest a direct causal link from facilitated selective attention to worry.28
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Cognitive arousal is positively correlated with prolonged sleep onset latency in insomnia. There is a lack of data how cognitive arousal is associated with sleep maintenance parameters and how sleep is differentially influenced by sleep-related cognitive arousal versus general cognitive arousal.
Study Impact: Habitual sleep-related cognitive arousal was associated with subjective and objective measures of disturbed sleep initiation and disturbed sleep maintenance, while habitual general cognitive arousal was not. This might encourage the investigation of interventions that specifically target sleep-related cognitive arousal.
Although an enhanced attentional focus towards sleep-related cues may be involved in the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia, several important questions have not been answered up to now. First, little effort has been made to investigate the relationship between cognitive arousal and objectively determined sleep parameters, and the studies that have been carried out have reported inconsistent results. For example, van Egeren et al.14 found no significant correlation between pre-sleep cognitive activity and polysomnographically determined sleep onset latency. However, Wicklow and Espie19 reported that objective sleep onset latency, as measured by actigraphy, was positively correlated with pre-sleep cognitive activity. Second, existing studies restricted their analysis of sleep parameters to the sleep onset latency. However, cognitive arousal may also have an impact on sleep maintenance parameters, and the investigation of these may deepen the understanding of the interaction between rumination and sleep. Third, as suggested by Carney et al.,18 the distinction between general cognitive arousal and sleep-related cognitive arousal might be important because their impact on sleep parameters might substantially differ. More specifically, the authors suggested that sleep-related cognitive arousal might be more closely related to impaired sleep quality. Finally, only one study has evaluated the relationship between cognitive variables and sleep parameters in a clinically referred sample of primary insomnia patients.10 However, this investigation focused primarily on the distinction between worry and rumination as independent constructs and not on the distinction between sleep-related cognitive arousal and general cognitive arousal. Additionally, objectively determined sleep parameters were not used in this study.
The current study aimed at investigating sleep-related arousal and general cognitive arousal and their association with objective and subjective sleep parameters in patients with primary insomnia and healthy good sleepers. The first aim was to compare cognitive arousal levels in insomnia patients and good sleepers. Based on the above mentioned presumed role of hyperarousal in the development and maintenance of insomnia, we hypothesized that sleep-related and general cognitive arousal levels would be higher in patients with primary insomnia than in good sleeper controls. The second aim of the current study was to investigate the association between cognitive arousal levels and sleep parameters with the hypothesis that higher levels of sleep-related and general cognitive arousal would be associated with indicators of poor sleep.
In the current investigation, 182 patients with primary insomnia according to DSM-IV criteria29 and 54 healthy controls according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for normal sleepers3 were investigated. The study sample is overlapping with the one that was investigated by Feige et al.30 and was obtained by reviewing the data of the archival database of the Sleep Center at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Sleep Center, University of Freiburg Medical Center, for the period 1995-2008. Altogether, 4173 individuals were investigated in this period. Of these, 3937 individuals did not meet the following inclusion/exclusion criteria. All participants were either primary insomnia patients or healthy good sleepers. All participants were free of any psychoactive medication known to affect sleep at least one week prior to the sleep laboratory examination and did not receive cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia before taking part in the study. Participants with a PLMS (periodic leg movements during sleep) arousal index > 5.0 or an apnea index > 5.0 were excluded from the current analyses. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects before participating in the investigation.
Insomnia patients were referred to our sleep disorders clinic by their primary care provider or medical specialist. Healthy controls were recruited through local advertisements. Before entering the protocol, all participants underwent our standard physical and psychiatric examination, as well as a clinical interview by an experienced physician, excluding those with psychiatric or occult sleep disorder pathology (including hypersomnias, parasomnias, sleep-related breathing disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders). Additionally, all participants underwent a standard physical examination, including electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG) and routine laboratory investigations (blood cell count, liver, renal and thyroid function) to exclude those with serious medical conditions. All participants underwent 2 consecutive nights of PSG sleep monitoring at the sleep center. During these 2 nights, participants had to refrain from alcohol and caffeine. On the first day of their visit, all participants were asked to complete a self-rating questionnaire measuring sleep-related and general cognitive arousal (the FEPS-II questionnaire, described in detail below) and the German version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In the morning after each sleep recording some minutes after lights on, all participants were asked to complete a self-rating measure of subjective aspects of sleep (the SF-A questionnaire, described in detail below). After completion of the study, all patients received treatment according to current guidelines.
All participants completed a questionnaire that was specifically designed to measure trait aspects of sleep-related and general cognitive arousal in patients with sleep disorders ("Fragebogen zur Erfassung allgemeiner und spezifischer Persönlichkeitsmerkmale Schlafgestörter," FEPS-II,31 see Table 1 for the item list). Respondents were instructed to indicate for each item whether it was consistent with their habitual experience. The FEPS-II consists of 23 items presented on a 5-point Likert-type scale ("not at all" to "completely") divided into 2 subscales, as yielded by factor analysis. "Sleep-related cognitive arousal" (originally named "focusing," 11 items resulting in an overall value from 11 to 55) refers to the tendency to excessively think about difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep or about the anticipated daytime consequences of poor sleep (e.g., "When I sleep poorly on one night I know that it will interfere with my work performance on the next day"). The dimension "general cognitive arousal" (12 items resulting in an overall value from 12 to 60) captures the tendency to repetitively think about unresolved problems (e.g., "I often see problems that others don't see"). The underlying rationale for the questionnaire is that dysfunctional, negative cognitions such as continually ruminating or worrying about not being able to sleep or about unresolved problems are important factors for the development and maintenance of insomnia. Internal consistency of the measure was demonstrated in 402 patients with sleep disorders and 346 healthy good sleepers for both sleep-related cognitive arousal (α = 0.90) and general cognitive arousal (α = 0.91).31 In the same investigation, test-retest reliability (1 to 4 months interval) was r = 0.82 for sleep-related cognitive arousal and r = 0.92 for general cognitive arousal.
Items of the FEPS-II (English translation by the authors of the current investigation)
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The "Schlaffragebogen A" (SF-A)32 captures subjective aspects of sleep in the preceding night. The questionnaire includes subjective estimates of wake times (sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset [WASO]). Subjective sleep efficiency was calculated using SF-A wake times and PSG-documented bedtimes because bedtimes are not estimated by subjects on the SF-A. The German version33 of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)34 was used to assess sleep habits and sleep quality in the preceding 2 weeks.
All participants underwent 2 consecutive nights of PSG sleep monitoring. A standard laboratory procedure and PSG montage were followed. Nocturnal sleep was recorded on 24-channel EEG-polysomnographs for 8 h from lights out (23:00) until lights on (07:00). All recordings included EEG (C3-A2; C4-A1), EOG (horizontal and vertical), and EMG (submental), and were scored visually by experienced raters according to the criteria of Rechtschaffen and Kales.35 During the first night, all participants were screened for apneas and periodic leg movements by monitoring abdominal and thoracic effort, nasal airflow, oximetry, and bilateral tibialis anterior EMG. Sleep recordings were evaluated for the following parameters of sleep continuity: total sleep time (TST); sleep efficiency: ratio of TST to time in bed * 100 %; wake after sleep onset (WASO): difference between TST and sleep period time (time from sleep onset until final awakening); sleep onset latency: time from lights out until sleep onset (defined as first epoch of stage 2); arousal index: number of arousals per hour; number of awakenings. Sleep architecture parameters were amounts of stages Wake, 1, 2, slow wave sleep (SWS), and REM sleep as percentage of sleep period time.
Descriptive presentation of the data includes mean values and standard deviations. Independent t-tests were used to assess demographic and clinical differences between primary insomnia patients and healthy controls. To test for associations between sleep parameters and FEPS-II subscales, 12 general linear model analyses were performed for the full sample (including primary insomnia patients and healthy controls). The 12 outcome variables of these analyses were the SF-A- and PSG-derived sleep efficiency, WASO, and sleep onset latency for the first and second night. For each of these general linear model analyses, 5 predictor variables were used; the 2 FEPS-II subscales, the diagnosis (primary insomnia vs. healthy controls), age, and gender. For the overall effects, the level of significance was set at p < 0.004 (2-tailed) after applying Bonferroni α adjustment for multiple parallel tests (12 analyses). For single tests, the level of significance was set at p < 0.05 (2-tailed).
Due to adaptation effects, it is a common practice to exclude the first sleep laboratory night from the analysis.36 However, in the current study, we analyzed both nights because the adaptation to the lab environment might be associated with increased arousal levels, possibly emphasizing our effects of interest.
The group of primary insomnia patients consisted of 106 women and 76 men (age: 42.7 ± 11.9 years). They had a mean score of 11.1 ± 3.2 on the PSQI. Sixteen patients suffered from sleep onset insomnia, 66 from sleep maintenance insomnia, and 97 from mixed insomnia. Three patients had a complaint of non-restorative sleep in the absence of difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Average duration of primary insomnia was 10.9 ± 9.5 years. The control group consisted of 38 women and 16 men (age: 40.0 ± 13.2 years). Mean PSQI score was 3.1 ± 1.7. There were no significant group differences for sex distribution (χ2(1,234) = 2.09, p = 0.15) or age (t234 = 1.35, p = 0.18). The patient group had significantly higher PSQI values than the control group (t234 = 23.73, p < 0.001).
Polysomnographic and subjective sleep data of the 2 groups are presented in Table 2. With respect to polysomnography, insomnia patients had a significantly lower sleep efficiency and total sleep time than healthy controls on both nights. Additionally, SWS % and REM % were decreased in primary insomnia patients. WASO, Wake %, and the number of awakenings were significantly increased. Furthermore, in the first night, S1 % was higher in insomnia patients. With respect to subjective data, insomnia patients had significantly lower sleep efficiency as well as significantly increased WASO and sleep onset latency in both nights.
SF-A values and polysomnographic data of primary insomnia (PI) patients and healthy controls
With respect to the FEPS-II subscales, primary insomnia patients had significantly higher values than the control group for both sleep-related cognitive arousal (t234 = 12.65, p < 0.001) and general cognitive arousal (t234 = 7.49, p < 0.001; see Figure 1). The correlation between the 2 FEPS-II subscales across the whole group was r = 0.62.
Mean FEPS subscale scores (with standard deviations) of 182 primary insomnia (PI) patients and 54 good sleeper controls (GSC)
The results of the general linear model analyses with the sleep parameters as dependent variables and the 2 FEPS-II subscales as well as the diagnosis as independent variables are presented in Table 3.
Results of the 12 general linear model analyses with sleep-related parameters as dependent variables and the FEPS-II subscales, the diagnosis, age, and gender as independent variables
Sleep-related cognitive arousal was significantly related to all sleep parameters apart from objectively determined sleep latency. More specifically, sleep-related cognitive arousal was negatively associated with sleep efficiency and positively with WASO and subjectively determined sleep latency. This indicates that increased sleep-related cognitive arousal is associated with poor sleep quality, even when controlling for general cognitive arousal and the diagnosis of the participants.
General cognitive arousal was only related to objectively determined sleep efficiency in the second night, indicating that increased general cognitive arousal is associated with increased sleep efficiency when controlling for sleep-related cognitive arousal and the diagnosis of the participants. While there seems to be an association between general cognitive arousal and sleep latency of the second night, the corresponding overall effect of the general linear model did not reach statistical significance after applying Bonferroni correction.
Additional analyses were conducted by restricting the insomnia patients group to (a) sleep-maintenance insomnia patients and (b) insomnia patients with objective short sleep duration. Concerning the differentiation in insomnia with and without short sleep duration, we split up the insomnia group using an 85% sleep efficiency criterion for the PSG data of the second night.3 For both sleep-maintenance insomnia patients and insomnia patients with objective short sleep duration, there were no major differences in the association between cognitive arousal and sleep parameters to the results reported in Table 3.
In the current study, we investigated the relationship between trait aspects of sleep-related and general cognitive arousal levels and both subjectively and objectively determined sleep parameters of two consecutive sleep lab nights. In line with our first hypothesis, primary insomnia patients reported both increased sleep-related arousal and increased general cognitive arousal compared to healthy controls. In line with our second hypothesis, increased sleep-related cognitive arousal levels were significantly related to measures of poor sleep. However, contrary to expectations, our analyses revealed that general cognitive arousal was not independently related to disturbed sleep.
Previous studies have primarily focused on the sleep onset period when investigating the association between cognitive arousal and sleep parameters in poor sleepers. Concerning this, we replicated previous findings of an association between cognitive arousal and subjectively reported sleep latency.10–17 However, there has been a lack of information about the association between cognitive arousal and sleep maintenance parameters. The current study filled this gap by investigating sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset and their relationship to sleep-related and general cognitive arousal. The results showed that both increased WASO and decreased sleep efficiency are related to sleep-related cognitive arousal. This is in line with the clinical experience that patients with sleep maintenance disorders report a cognitive hyperactivity during the night similarly to patients with sleep onset insomnia.
Furthermore, our data support the assumption that sleep-related cognitive arousal is more closely associated with sleep disturbances than general cognitive arousal. In the current study, general cognitive arousal did not show any significant relationship to poor sleep that was independent of sleep-related cognitive arousal. This could explain, at least partially, the conflicting results reported by van Egeren et al.14 and Wicklow and Espie.19 While the first study focused on increased cognitive activity in terms of general cognitive arousal, the second study investigated pre-sleep cognitive activity mainly characterized by thinking about sleep loss and its possible consequences. Consistent with our results, the first study did not find a significant relationship with sleep onset latency, while the second study reported significant correlations.
With respect to the clinical significance of our findings, it has to be noted that the explained variance is generally low for cognitive arousal levels. However, the mean group difference in the FEPS-II subscale "sleep-related cognitive arousal" (12.4 points) corresponds to a sleep efficiency difference of 3.5% to 5.1%, a WASO difference of 10.2 to 17.7 minutes, and a difference in subjective sleep onset latency of 9.4 to 9.5 minutes (please refer to the β-values of Table 3). These data support the hypothesis that sleep-related cognitive arousal is a clinically relevant factor for sleep disturbances.
Several limitations of the present study have to be addressed. First, the observations in the current study are based on cross-sectional data; thus no causal relationship between cognitive arousal and sleep parameters can be inferred from this design. Second, previous studies showed that more than two nights are needed to derive stable estimates of both polysomnographic and diary-rated sleep in insomnia patients.37 Therefore, future studies are needed to investigate the association between cognitive arousal and sleep parameters across multiple nights. Third, the clinically referred patients in the current study are a heterogeneous group, including different insomnia subtypes and lifetime histories of medication use. However, this makes the patient group more representative of the population of clinically referred primary insomnia patients in general; this is especially important as some previous investigations in this field have recruited nonclinical samples, and the results of the current study were stable across different insomnia subgroups. Furthermore, in the current analyses, we did not discriminate between worry and rumination, although there is some evidence that these two cognitive processes are separate constructs with respect to their impact on sleep disturbances.10 Additionally, since we did not include a state arousal measure, conclusions of the current analysis are restricted to trait aspects of arousal. Moreover, standardized bedtimes of 8 hours duration have been used in the current study resulting in differences to participants' habitual sleep patterns. However, most sleep parameters are more comparable between subjects when standardized bedtimes are used. Last, both insomnia patients and healthy controls tended to overestimate their PSG-determined total sleep time. With respect to insomnia patients, this result was unexpected, and we cannot rule out that this might have affected our results on trait aspects of cognitive arousal. However, previous studies conducted both by our group30 and others38 also reported that overestimating total sleep time is not as uncommon in insomnia patients as generally assumed.
Despite these limitations, the current study provides novel data suggesting that cognitive arousal plays an important role for both sleep-onset and sleep-maintenance problems and that sleep-related cognitive arousal is more strongly related to sleep disturbances than general cognitive arousal. Although the current study design does not permit inferences of causality, future studies are worthwhile to investigate the effects of cognitive techniques that specifically target sleep-related cognitive arousal. Concerning this, Harvey et al.38 suggested (a) identifying and evaluating patients' sleep-related worrisome thoughts, and (b) reducing monitoring for sleep-related threat by actively directing attention away from it. Dedicating more effort to these psychological interventions might improve the treatment efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia.
This was not an industry supported study. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
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text:
IT'S official – Worcester is the third worst city in the country for rush hour gridlock, according to a damning new report.
Worcester ranks in the top three of the traffic jam league of shame, coming only a slow crawl behind the worst offenders, Canterbury and St Albans.
A new survey, published today, says the rush hour in Worcester adds 8.6 minutes to a normal 30 minute journey.
The rush hour speed in the city is also cripplingly slow at just an average of 12.84mph - the14th slowest in the country - compared to the fastest average of 25.18mph in Newport.
However, Worcester still has a faster average rush- hour speed than neighbouring Hereford (11.49mph).
The busiest day for traffic in Worcester is Thursday according to the survey, conducted by Direct Line Drive Plus, based on 20 million miles worth of data.
The figures will come as no surprise to readers, who voted traffic the number one area of concern in the city, as reported in your Worcester News last June.
Cllr Simon Geraghty, leader of Worcester City Council and deputy leader of Worcestershire County Council, said ongoing improvement work - including the including dualling of the Southern Link Road - is key to resolving Worcester's traffic problems.
He said: "That will make using that road and the bypass at the edge of Worcester a more attractive option than going through the heart of the city centre.
"They travel through the city centre rather than using the Southern Link Road and conges - tion on that road is pushing more drivers into the city centre."
Around 30,000 drivers use the link road every day compared to 35,000 who travel over the main bridge in Worcester.
Cllr Geraghty said: "That is why we are having so much focus on improving that link road."
But he admitted the results of the survey did not surprise him, and said there is "no silver bullet" to address congestion despite improvements that are or have already being made to cycle ways, railway stations and infrastructure including the Diglis Bridge.
Herefordshire and Worcestershire Chambers of Commerce said it would back any action to tackle congestion.
"The Chamber of Commerce is here to support business and a good transport system is crucial to helping business to work," a spokesman said. "We are fully supportive of any traffic measures which help businesses move efficiently around our cities."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Arizona Entrepreneurs Hold Fifth Annual Meeting Of The Minds
Join in for an exciting opportunity to connect, share ideas and be inspired at the fifth annual Arizona Entrepreneurship Conference.
This year's conference, which will take place Wednesday Nov. 17, 2010 at the Desert Willow Conference Center, will feature tips and ideas from expert CEOs while also providing allotted time for networking with fellow entrepreneurs.
Over the course of the day several topics will be discussed including everything from effectively using social media and creating an eco-edge to conquering the chaos of entrepreneurship and engaging in top-notch customer service.
Attendees will not only get the chance to learn from local leaders on what it takes to get funded in Arizona, but will also see a showcase exhibit of Arizona companies and organizations that provide services that support entrepreneurs.
Additionally, this year AZEC will be addressing five of the most important needs to consider when reaching out to Arizona communities: collaboration, civics, education and training, arts and culture, and investment capital.
A variety of keynote speakers will accentuate the conference by providing their knowledge and expertise of the entrepreneurship field.
Debra Johnson, founder and CEO of EcoEdge will share how her passion for reducing environmental impact and being frugal created her award-winning company.
Jeremiah Owyang, a web strategist for Altimeter Group will discuss useful approaches to entering the digital world.
Dr. Paul Bendheim, founder and CEO of BrainSavers, a company that provides assistance in reducing the risk of memory disorders by incorporating healthy lifestyle habits, will speak about his entrepreneurial experience.
For those who are just starting out or who have been lifelong entrepreneurs, this year's conference will provide abundant opportunities to foster new ideas and learn how the experts first got started.
To register and for more information, visit azentrepreneurship.com.


text:
Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 23/1/2013 (1672 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
The co-owner of a commercial cucumber greenhouse heavily damaged in an early morning fire says the family plans to rebuild the operation.
"We're not quitters. We will build bigger and better," said Trevor Schriemer, shortly after he was released from a Steinbach hospital for treatment of smoke inhalation.
RCMP said in a statement that one man was treated for smoke inhalation as a result of the commercial greenhouse fire in Otterburne Wednesday.
The St. Pierre-Jolys detachment is investigating the blaze and had yet to release an estimate of damage yesterday.
Nor did RCMP comment on reports they are looking into the possibility the fire was deliberately set, perhaps as an act of vandalism.
The family acknowledged the greenhouse had been recently vandalized and they'd filed a report with the RCMP but in the wake of the fire they refused to speculate the two could be linked.
Schriemer beat fire crews to the scene when flames ignited inside a shed at the front of the massive greenhouse.
It covers two solid acres.
Twenty volunteer firefighters from St. Pierre and St. Malo battled the blaze for nearly four hours before the flames were finally contained shortly before 8 a.m. Wednesday.
Otterburne is 57 kilometres south of Winnipeg on Highway 59; St. Pierre Jolys, another 12 kilometres south of that.
Schriemer said he spent four hours being treated for smoke inhalation after he took the risk of entering the smoke-filled building.
What drove him to take the risk was the threat the greenhouse gas boiler might explode, injuring firefighters, he said.
"The first responders were on the scene at that point; it was about four o'clock in the morning and I needed to shut off the gas supply to the boilers," Trevor Schriemer said.
He said he was only one on the scene who knew where the emergency shutoff valves were located.
An separate entrance had been installed around the side the building as a fire safety mechanism when the greenhouse was built a year ago, he said. Inside the door was a room with the valves.
Shutting them down cut off any chance of a gas explosion inside the greenhouse, Schriemer said.
Firefighters, meanwhile, were focused on another front: To keep the flames from igniting bags of fertilizer located with equipment at the front the greenhouse.
Schriemer gave a brief interview from his St. Pierre home after being treated for smoke inhalation at the Bethesda Hospital in Steinbach.
"When I opened the door a big blast of smoke came through and then I had to go through an area of smoke but I did it," he said.
St. Pierre Fire Chief Pat Laroche said there were a lot of tense moments at the fire.
He said authorities were apprehensive the flames could trigger multiple explosions and release noxious gases at the scene.
"What our concern was is there is a lot of fertilizers there and on the side there are fuel tanks. The fire didn't get to the fuel tanks," Laroche said.
A backhoe moved in after 8 a.m. to remove the shed after the flames were contained.
Schriemer said he and his brother Scott Schriemer, who jointly own the greenhouse, are devastated by the loss.
"It's a tragedy for our family. My brother and I, we worked our whole lives to set this up," Schriemer said. "Many people are working in our facility and it's difficult for them when they're out of work."
The fire left about 20 workers jobless.
The brothers are already working with their insurance company and they plan to reopen but it's too early to offer any timelines yet, Trevor said.
The massive greenhouse is believed to be worth millions of dollars, but neither brother would discuss dollar figures yesterday.
"It's worth a significant amount of money," Scott Schriemer said. "It was a considerable investment in the province of Manitoba."
The Otterburne greenhouse was built in 2011 to house a growing operation for about two million cucumbers.
Otterburne is located about 57 kilometres south of Winnipeg, off Highway 59.
The Schriemer family is well known in the Winnipeg area for its history of market gardens.
The brothers' father opened the first market in St. Norbert, Vic's Fruit Market, 50 years ago. That market on Pembina Highway is still running.
Scott Schriemer owns Schriemer's Home and Garden Showplace and Market Garden on McGregor Farm Road in East St. Paul.


text: Editor's Note: TheStreet ratings do not represent the views of TheStreet's staff or its contributors. Ratings are established by computer based on metrics for performance (which includes growth, stock performance, efficiency and valuation) and risk (volatility and solvency). Companies with poor cash flow or high debt levels tend to earn lower ratings in our model All three major indices are trading down today with the Dow Jones Industrial Average ( ^DJI) trading down 78 points (-0.5%) at 14,583 as of Wednesday, April 3, 2013, 12:50 PM ET. The NYSE advances/declines ratio sits at 720 issues advancing vs. 2,193 declining with 115 unchanged. The Consumer Non-Durables industry currently sits down 0.5% versus the S&P 500, which is down 0.7%. TheStreet Ratings group would like to highlight 4 stocks pushing the industry higher today: 4. Fifth & Pacific Companies ( FNP) is one of the companies pushing the Consumer Non-Durables industry higher today. As of noon trading, Fifth & Pacific Companies is up $1.74 (9.4%) to $20.35 on heavy volume Thus far, 3.9 million shares of Fifth & Pacific Companies exchanged hands as compared to its average daily volume of 1.9 million shares. The stock has ranged in price between $18.13-$20.37 after having opened the day at $18.64 as compared to the previous trading day's close of $18.61. Fifth & Pacific Companies, Inc. engages in the design and marketing of a range of apparel and accessories. The company operates in four segments: JUICY COUTURE, LUCKY BRAND, KATE SPADE, and Adelington Design Group. Fifth & Pacific Companies has a market cap of $2.2 billion and is part of the consumer goods sector. Shares are up 49.5% year to date as of the close of trading on Tuesday. Currently there are 4 analysts that rate Fifth & Pacific Companies a buy, no analysts rate it a sell, and 1 rates it a hold. TheStreet Ratings rates Fifth & Pacific Companies as a hold. The company's strengths can be seen in multiple areas, such as its revenue growth, solid stock price performance and expanding profit margins. However, as a counter to these strengths, we also find weaknesses including unimpressive growth in net income, weak operating cash flow and feeble growth in the company's earnings per share. Get the full Fifth & Pacific Companies Ratings Report now. Exclusive Offer: Jim Cramer's 'go-to' small/mid-cap guru Bryan Ashenberg only buys stocks he thinks could return 50-100%. See his top picks for 14-days FREE.


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HOUSTON - A day care owner has been booked into the Harris County Jail after investigators said she spent several weeks on the run out of the country following the deaths of four children in a fire.
Jessica Tata arrived at Hooks Airport from Atlanta about 12:45 a.m. Tuesday. She was then taken to the county's inmate processing center and booked into jail.
She was scheduled to appear before a magistrate Tuesday morning to hear the charges against her. But she was taken directly to the jail's medical ward after she was booked. Sources told KPRC Local 2 that there are concerns about Tata's health, so she is undergoing a complete physical and psychological evaluation.
She is scheduled to appear in court Wednesday afternoon.
Tata wore leg irons and a bulletproof vest as she got off the plane and as she walked into the jail. Her hair was noticeably different from the original mug shot released by the Fulton County Sheriff's Office on Monday. On Tuesday, the sheriff's office released a second mug shot showing her "natural" hair, which had been cut while on the run.
Inmates at the Harris County Jail are not permitted to wear any type of hairpiece.
Tata will be held in administrative segregation, locked down 23 hours a day in an 8-foot by 9 1/2-foot cell, but she will never be alone.
"She will be housed in a single cell, and that's for her safety," Harris County Sheriff's Office spokeswoman Christina Garza said. "She will be accompanied at all times as she moves throughout the jail. Again, that is for her protection."
Tata has been charged with 14 state felonies, including manslaughter, abandoning children, and reckless injury to a child. She also faces a federal charge of unlawful flight to avoid prosecution.
She will likely be held in jail until her case goes to trial because she is a proven flight risk.
Tata's family said she turned herself in to authorities in Nigeria, but the U.S. marshals office said she was tracked down by an international team of investigators.
"We were feeding them some information as to Jessica Tata's whereabouts," Deputy U.S. Marshal Alfredo Perez said. "With that information, Interpol agents in Nigeria and Nigerian officials took Jessica Tata into custody."
Shomari Dickerson, 3, Elizabeth Kojah, 20 months, Kendyll Stradford, 20 months, and Elias Castillo died from the fire at a home in the 2800 block of Crestpark at Waypark shortly before 1:30 p.m. on Feb. 24. The house served as a day care facility called Jackie's Child Care.
Three other children were injured in the fire.
Arson investigators said the fire started in the kitchen after someone left a pot of oil sitting on a hot burner.
Houston Fire Department officials said Tata was grocery shopping at a Target store nearby when the fire stated. Detectives said security video showed her arriving at the store at 1:09 p.m. and driving away from the store at 1:24 p.m. The children had been left home alone, investigators said
Witnesses said Tata returned as smoke began billowing out of the home day care. The first call to 911 was made by someone other than Tata at 1:29 p.m., investigators said.
Houston Fire Department officials said Tata originally appeared to be a victim of the fire.
"She was upset. She obviously needed medical treatment and we transported her," Chief Terry Garrison said. "We did interview her on the scene and she was not able to give us a lot of information. What she did say to us was not truthful and we were able to determine that later. She made a statement that she was in the bathroom when the fire occurred and she came out of the bathroom."
Garrison said investigators later tried to interview her at the hospital, but she claimed to not recognize them. Her attorney then told the Houston Fire Department that Tata would speak with investigators, but then she left the country.
"We live in a free country. There are laws we have to follow to arrest people," HFD spokesman Pat Trahan said. "Ms. Tata took advantage of that freedom. We're glad the U.S. marshals office was able to assist us in getting her back."
Copyright 2011 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
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text:
Christmas Tree Ornament by Amy Gaines
Welcome! You are browsing as a guestWould you like to see 32 projects made from this pattern and much more? create a free account What am I missing?
© AmyGaines
by aimeedars Flickr
Christmas Tree Ornament
This pattern is available for $6.00 USD
buy it now or visit pattern website
buy it now or visit pattern website
Merry Christmas!!!
This PDF pattern will instruct you on how to knit my original Christmas Ornaments. Pattern includes instructions for the following knit ornaments: Santa, Pepperments, Snowman, Acorn, Tree, Birdhouse, Mushroom and Cupcake!
Measurements:(not counting hanging loops)
Santa- 4 inches tall
Snowman- 3.5 inches tall
Peppermints- 3.5 inches wide
Acorn- 3 inches long
Mushroom- 2.5 inches tall
Birdhouse- 5 inches tall
Cupcake- 3 inches tall
Tree- 5 inches tall
Worsted weight yarn
1 pair of size 4 knitting needles
Felt and thread
Buttons for snowman
Safety eyes- 2 pair of size 6.oo mm
Pom-Poms- handmade or store bought
Knit and Purl Stitch
Casting on and casting off
For more information, see: http://amygaines.etsy.com


text:
Many members might think of welfare as a program to help members in temporarily difficult circumstances. But the intent of the Church's welfare plan is much more vast; it also involves promoting self-reliance as a way of life. President Thomas S. Monson has taught that self-reliance—"the ability, commitment, and effort to provide the necessities of life for self and family" 1 —is an essential element of our temporal and spiritual well-being. 2
A mere desire to become self-reliant is not enough. We must make a conscious, active effort to provide for our own needs and those of our families. Bishop H. David Burton, Presiding Bishop, reminds us that when we have done all we can to be self-reliant, "we can turn to the Lord in confidence to ask for what we might yet lack." 3 Being self-reliant allows us to bless others. Elder Robert D. Hales of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles says, "Only when we are self-reliant can we truly emulate the Savior in serving and blessing others." 4
Self-reliance involves several facets of a balanced life, including (1) education, (2) health, (3) employment, (4) family home production and storage, (5) family finances, and (6) spiritual strength.
1. Education
The Lord commands us to "seek learning, even by study and also by faith" (D&C 88:118). President Gordon B. Hinckley (1910–2008) taught: "We believe in education. This Church encourages education. There is incumbent upon every member of this Church, as a mandate from the Lord, to get all the education you can get. … There is incumbent upon the Latter-day Saints a dictum from the Lord Himself to educate our minds and our hands." 5
Gaining an education was the goal of Roberto Flete Gonzalez of the Dominican Republic, who enrolled in college shortly after returning from his mission. His father agreed to cover his living expenses so that Roberto could focus on his studies, but a short time later, Roberto's father died, leaving the family in a dire financial situation.
Roberto quit school and began working to support himself, his mother, and his sister. He wondered how he'd ever be able to finish school.
Weeks later President Hinckley announced the Perpetual Education Fund, "a bold initiative" that would help youth in developing areas "rise out of the poverty they and generations before them have known." 6 Roberto applied for and was granted a PEF loan, which allowed him to continue his studies. This opportunity not only helped with immediate finances, but it also helped Roberto have the faith to marry and form an eternal family because he knew he would be able to provide for them.
Roberto finished medical school while serving as a bishop and became the first Church member on the National Board of Dominican Medical Schools. But the best results, he says, have been at home. "There have been changes in my family as we are now further removed from the cycle of poverty," he says. "I am grateful that my son won't have to live the same way I did because we've stepped out of that cycle."
For more information, visit the Education and Literacy section of providentliving.org and visit besmart.com, a website to help Latter-day Saint youth prepare for higher education.
"All we can learn that is true while we are in this life will rise with us in the Resurrection. And all that we can learn will enhance our capacity to serve."
President Henry B. Eyring, First Counselor in the First Presidency, "Education for Real Life," Ensign, Oct. 2002, 21.
2. Health
Because we are created in the image of God (see Genesis 1:27), our bodies are temples and should be treated with care and respect (see 1 Corinthians 3:16–17). The Word of Wisdom, found in Doctrine and Covenants 89, is the Lord's code of health and was revealed to Joseph Smith in 1833. It teaches that we should eat nutritious foods and avoid harmful substances. Apostles and prophets have since taught that we should shun all substances or practices that abuse our bodies or minds and that could lead to addiction. 7
Sainimere Balenacagi of Fiji learned this lesson as a teenager when she was attending a wedding with some friends who were not members of the Church. Many people there, including Sainimere's friends, were drinking and smoking and invited her to drink. "I was taught my whole life to live the gospel standards, so I rejected the offer without hesitation," Sainimere says.
She knows that the blessings of adhering to the Word of Wisdom go beyond physical health: "I have found extra protection in the sense that I am able to make better choices because of the closeness of the Holy Spirit. I see clearly that standards do not restrict our freedom; they protect us from consequences that lead to restricted freedom."
For more information, see the Physical Health section of providentliving.org.
"Our physical bodies indeed are temples of God. Consequently, you and I must carefully consider what we take into our temple, what we put on our temple, what we do to our temple, and what we do with our temple."
Elder David A. Bednar of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, "Ye Are the Temple of God," Ensign, Sept. 2001, 18.
3. Employment
In many wards and branches, finding employment is the most pressing need members face as they strive to become self-reliant. Priesthood quorums and Relief Society sisters can help these members. They should work closely with these individuals, identifying helpful community resources, mentors who can personally assist those in need, and available job opportunities. The power of members working together in faith to bless those in need will often lead to successful employment.
In some areas of the world, the Church has established employment resource centers. Currently, there are more than 300 centers in 56 countries that offer services such as career workshops, networking meetings, and individual job counseling. The new Church website LDSjobs.org also provides resources for jobseekers, employers, and Church leaders.
After Oséias Portinari of Brazil was laid off at work, he spent more than two months searching for a new job. Unable to find a position, he volunteered at his local employment resource center in São Paulo. Helping others in their job searches offered Oséias an opportunity to improve his own interviewing and job search skills. He took the career workshop several times and eventually became an instructor. To his surprise, as he diligently served others, Oséias soon began to receive calls from prospective employers, which led to gainful employment.
Oséias is grateful for Church resources that give unemployed members a better vision of life. He says, "I know that as we put in effort, the Lord opens doors."
For more information, visit LDSjobs.org, employment.lds.org, or your nearest employment resource center.
"Our Heavenly Father asks only that we do the best we can—that we work according to our full capacity, however great or small that may be."
President Dieter F. Uchtdorf, Second Counselor in the First Presidency, "Two Principles for Any Economy," Liahona and Ensign, Nov. 2009, 56.
4. Family Home Production and Storage
In 2007 the Church introduced All Is Safely Gathered In: Family Home Storage, a pamphlet that provides a simplified approach to family home storage. The First Presidency encourages members worldwide to focus on having a basic supply of food and water and some money in savings. Members can begin by producing or purchasing a few extra items and setting aside a little money each week as their circumstances allow. Following this pattern over time, members can establish a home storage supply and a financial reserve suitable for their needs. 8
After learning of this counsel, the Lugo family of Valencia, Venezuela, felt inspired to begin their own home storage. Each week they began setting aside a small amount of food, water, and money. Even with their limited resources, they were able to gather a modest reserve after only a few months. Later that year a workers' strike in Venezuela put many local workers' jobs in jeopardy. Brother Omar Lugo was among those who eventually lost their jobs.
It took nearly two years for Brother Lugo to find new employment. During that time, Brother Lugo and his family lived on their savings and food storage. Despite the difficult challenges of unemployment, the Lugos experienced peace and comfort because they were prepared. They faced the uncertain future with confidence, knowing they had followed the counsel to gradually build their home storage. 9
For more information, visit the Family Home Storage section of providentliving.org or refer to the pamphlet All Is Safely Gathered In: Family Home Storage.
"This new [home storage] program is within everyone's grasp. The first step is to begin. The second is to continue. It doesn't matter how fast we get there so much as that we begin and continue according to our abilities."
Bishop H. David Burton, Presiding Bishop, in "Family Home Storage: A New Message," Liahona, Mar. 2009, 14; Ensign, Mar. 2009, 60.
5. Family Finances
Another aspect of provident living is wisely managing income and expenses. The First Presidency has counseled:
"We urge you to be modest in your expenditures; discipline yourselves in your purchases to avoid debt. …
"If you have paid your debts and have a financial reserve, even though it be small, you and your family will feel more secure and enjoy greater peace in your hearts." 10
Successful family finances begin with the payment of tithes and offerings. When members put the Lord first, they are better able to care for themselves and others.
Another part of successful financial management involves knowing your income and expenses and controlling money rather than letting it control you. When Devon and Michaela Stephens of Arizona, USA, created a budget, they had only a vague idea of how much money they spent each month. But making a budget with specific categories helped them "come out of the clouds and down to earth," Michaela says. "It was alarming to find we had less money than we thought, but it was also intensely exhilarating to suddenly feel that we had firm control of what we had."
For more information, visit the Family Finances section of providentliving.org or refer to the pamphlet All Is Safely Gathered In: Family Finances.
"All of us are responsible to provide for ourselves and our families in both temporal and spiritual ways. To provide providently, we must practice the principles of provident living: joyfully living within our means, being content with what we have, avoiding excessive debt, and diligently saving and preparing for rainy-day emergencies."
Elder Robert D. Hales of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, "Becoming Provident Providers Temporally and Spiritually," Liahona and Ensign, May 2009, 8.
6. Spiritual Strength
Spirituality is essential to our temporal and eternal well-being. We all experience trials. Striving to increase our spirituality will help us face these trials well and give us hope for better days.
Nirina J-Randriamiharisoa of Madagascar currently lives in France while she pursues her education. When she first arrived, she struggled with loneliness and homesickness. "I sought for solace through prayer, scripture reading, and the gentle whisperings of the Holy Spirit," says Nirina. "These things brought me closer to Heavenly Father and the Savior, and I felt peace."
In time Nirina made friends and participated in activities within and outside the Church and found happiness. But then some tragic news from home shook her world. "One morning I received a message telling me that my brother had died. I had no idea I could feel such sadness. In the days and weeks that followed, I struggled through moments of loneliness, anger, and despair. Doing even the most basic things became serious challenges."
A few months later, a close friend also passed away. The added sorrow increased Nirina's already-heavy burden. For just a moment Nirina considered not attending church, but then she remembered that the same things that had buoyed her in her earlier difficulties could bolster her now.
"As I had when I first moved to France, I sought comfort in prayer, scripture reading, and the Holy Ghost. Through this I discovered more strongly that the Spirit and the doctrine of eternal families can bring us comfort and that the Atonement of Jesus Christ has a real effect in our lives," she says. "Whatever trials we face, there are no 'dead ends' with the Lord. His plan is a plan of happiness."
For more information on self-reliance and provident living, see Providing in the Lord's Way: Summary of A Leader's Guide to Welfare, available in many languages at providentliving.org.
"A strong testimony gives peace, comfort, and assurance. It generates the conviction that as the teachings of the Savior are consistently obeyed, life will be beautiful, the future will be secure, and there will be capacity to overcome the challenges that cross our path. A testimony grows from understanding truth distilled from prayer and the pondering of scriptural doctrine. It is nurtured by living those truths with faith anchored in the secure confidence that the promised results will be obtained."
Elder Richard G. Scott of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, "The Transforming Power of Faith and Character," Liahona and Ensign, Nov. 2010, 46.
"When we fast, … we feel hunger. And for a short time, we literally put ourselves in the position of the hungry and needy. As we do so, we have greater understanding of the deprivations they might feel. When we give to the bishop an offering to relieve the suffering of others, we not only do something sublime for others, but we do something wonderful for ourselves as well."
Elder Joseph B. Wirthlin (1917–2008) of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, "The Law of the Fast," Liahona, July 2001, 90; Ensign, May 2001, 73.
Above, from left: photo illustrations by John Luke, Israel Antunes, and Craig Dimond
Top left: photo illustration by Welden C. Andersen; top right: photographs by Howard Collett
Top: photo illustration by Robert Casey
Show References
Providing in the Lord's Way: Summary of A Leader's Guide to Welfare (booklet, 2009), 1.
See Thomas S. Monson, "Guiding Principles of Personal and Family Welfare," Tambuli, Feb. 1987, 3; Ensign, Sept. 1986, 3.
H. David Burton, "The Blessing of Work," Liahona, Dec. 2009, 37; Ensign, Dec. 2009, 43.
Robert D. Hales, "A Gospel Vision of Welfare: Faith in Action," in Basic Principles of Welfare and Self-Reliance (booklet, 2009), 2.
Teachings of Gordon B. Hinckley (1997), 724.
Gordon B. Hinckley, "The Perpetual Education Fund," Liahona, July 2001, 62; Ensign, May 2001, 52.
See, for example, Russell M. Nelson, "Addiction or Freedom," Ensign, Nov. 1988, 6; M. Russell Ballard, "O That Cunning Plan of the Evil One," Liahona and Ensign, Nov. 2010, 108.
See All Is Safely Gathered In: Family Home Storage (pamphlet, 2007).
See "Family Home Storage: A New Message," Liahona, Mar. 2009, 12–13; Ensign, Mar. 2009, 58–59.
All Is Safely Gathered In: Family Finances (pamphlet, 2007).


text:
The entire list
Daily Comments
The Gulf Today, November 2- 2008
Adnan Oktar: Under the leadership of Turkey, with the help of the Turkish Union, that is a unification of Turkish governments, Turkish-Islamic Union will be established with the will of Allah. This will happen with the leadership of Turkey. We are already proceeding towards it, step by step. Already, what is most ideal is Turkey's leadership. As a state, each country will be separate however, insha'Allah it will be a spiritual unity, like the European Union. Passports and visas will be removed. The countries will be able to trade freely with each other, will be able to make business connections and be brothers. The first step will be taken with Azerbaijan in order to make the union come true. And Syria, an Islamic country. Azerbaijan is a country both Muslim and Turkish. Syria is our Muslim brother as well. Insha'Allah we will unite with Syria, too. These progresses will be the first steps. And these steps will follow one after another as a developing process. The establishment process of the Turkish-Islamic Union will successfully come to an end in ten to fifteen years insha'Allah.
Taraf, July 07- 2010
Turkey's Test With Visa Ended Well


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Print this issue
To recognize outstanding commitment to
volunteer legal services for the poor and disadvantaged, the
Supreme Judicial Court's Standing Committee on Pro Bono Legal
Services is seeking
nominations for the 2012 Adams Pro Bono Publico Awards.
The deadline for nominations is Saturday, June
The awards will be presented in a
ceremony at the John Adams Courthouse on Wednesday, Oct. 24, in
conjunction with the American Bar Association's recognition of
National Pro Bono Week.
Awardees will be selected from those
who have excelled in providing volunteer services in one or more of
the following ways:
Nominations should be submitted to: Robert C. Sacco, Esq., The
2012 Adams Pro Bono Publico Awards, c/o Lyon & Fitzpatrick LLP,
14 Bobala Road, Fourth Floor, Holyoke, MA 01040. Contact Crystal
Barnes at (413) 536-4000, ext. 122 or [e-mail cbarnes] with questions.
submitted in 2011 remain active for consideration in the 2012
awards program provided that the nominating party submits a letter
restating the intent to nominate the candidate and updating the
narrative with any relevant information. Eligibility for the awards
has been expanded this year to include law schools and law


text:
ATLANTA - Authorities say nine people died in Georgia fires during the first 11 days in 2013, marking a deadly start to the year.
That number includes four children who died last week in a Rockdale County house fire, and a 41-year-old Camden County man who died early Jan. 6 morning in a house fire believed to have started from a space heater.
Fire officials say that with colder weather approaching Georgia this week, people should be diligent about fire safety and having working smoke detectors.
State Fire Marshal Dwayne Garriss told WSB Radio that about 100 people on average die each year in Georgia. Last year, 72 people died in fires.
Garriss says that in many of the state's fire deaths, officials found smoke alarms but they had not been maintained. He says it's crucial that people make sure the devices have working batteries or are replaced with newer models if necessary.
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. The Associated Press contributed to this report. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
I wrote a script in python a few years ago and havent since used python at all. The script joins text files together into a larger text file. The old text files were the same length and so i could indicate the lines i wanted to append onto the large text file. I now would like to make a larger text file from text files of varying lengths.
I realise this is a simple edit but everything i have tried has not worked. Can somebody point me in the right direction?
- Code: Select all
# Name: xxxxxx
# Author: xxxxxx
import os
g = open('./data/EPRI_all.log', 'a')
for p in os.listdir('./data/'): ######
if '.txt' in p and p[0:2] == 'Se':
lines = []
for line in open('./data/%s' % p, 'r'):


text:
SteveC wrote:A true reunion would obviously include an appearance from Martin Price. Could he make a surprise walk on ? I doubt it as well but stranger things have happened.
If he doesn't, maybe he could on 08:08:08 to celebrate 20 years of 808?
Moderators: Ancodia, Pob, markus, nickking
markus wrote:Also, the two G's are looking for a piece of equipment for the gig, see http://www.808state.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1887 and
Don't know why he keeps starting new topics?
Ancodia wrote:Should we bring along a soldering iron and some wire strippers just in case the 2G's don't have all the right cables.
Ancodia wrote:On another subject, this place doesn't seem too bad for a drink (based on reviews etc) and it's just a street from the venue: Hampton Court Palace Hotel
Wish I'd know about it earlier, would have been a great place to book a room for that short stagger back at six in the morning.
Any other ideas????


text:
The Urban Institute released this report [1] to present findings from a research study on the intersections of cyber abuse and cyber sexual coercion with other forms of teen dating violence. Study findings include an increased risk of experiencing sexual coercion when a teen is abused or harassed online.
See the report [1].
View the infographic [2].
Links:[1] http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412750-teen-dating-abuse.pdf
[2] http://www.urban.org/digitizingabuse/infographic.cfm
[3] http://www.nsvrc.org/publications/taxonomy/term/20
[4] http://www.nsvrc.org/publications/reports


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LONDON: South Africa's Bryan Habana has won the International Rugby Players' Association (IRPA) try of the year award for his score against New Zealand in September, it was announced Thursday.
The wing became the second Springbok to win the award, following Jaque Fourie who was honoured in 2009 for his try in the second Test against the British and Irish Lions.
Habana, the 2007 International Rugby Board (IRB) player of the year, stunned world champions New Zealand when he took a pass from flanker Francois Louw at full speed, chipped ahead and gathered to score a try that briefly handed the Springboks the lead seven minutes into the second half of the contest in Dunedin.
However, the All Blacks recovered to win 21-11.
"Scoring a try against the All Blacks is always special, but scoring against them in New Zealand, is even more special," said Habana in a statement.
"I really enjoyed getting across the try-line in Dunedin -- contributing to the success of the team and also lifting the spirits of my team-mates," the 29-year-old explained.
"Winning this award is very special and hopefully I can continue scoring tries for the Springboks for a very long time," added Habana who has so far grabbed 47 tries in 83 Tests for South Africa.
Fourie, All Blacks great Mils Muliaina, Wales's former IRB player of the year Shane Williams and Japan's Daisuke Ohata, the leading try scorer in Test rugby, formed the panel of judges who chose Habana's effort ahead of the three other shortlisted tries scored by New Zealand duo Hosea Gear and Julian Savea and Julien Malzieu of France.
Consideration was also given to votes cast by rugby fans from all around the world via the IRB's interactive platforms.
IRPA try of the year winners
2012: Bryan Habana (RSA) - South Africa v New Zealand
2011: Radike Samo (AUS) - Australia v New Zealand
2010: Chris Ashton (ENG) - England v Australia
2009: Jaque Fourie (RSA) - South Africa v British and Irish Lions
2008: Brian O'Driscoll (IRL) - Australia v Ireland


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In an essay for Salon, Professor Alyson Cole (GC/Queens, Political Science) examines concerns about "victim culture," why such fears have surfaced now, and how they thwart free speech and political progress. Read more
Professor Herman Bennett (History) has been elected into the prestigious Johns Hopkins Society of Scholars in recognition of his expertise on the African diaspora. Read more
In a new Salon.com feature, Professor Corey Robin (GC/Brooklyn, Political Science) interviews Brooklyn College's Moustafa Bayoumi about the profound changes ushered in by the "War on Terror" — legal, political, and cultural. Read more
Commodification is privacy's best hope, Cappello (History) asserts in an essay for The Hill, the top U.S. political website. Read more
Professor Merih Uctum (GC/Brooklyn, Economics) lent her considerable expertise to New York State last month, analyzing economic and revenue forecasts before the Board of Economic Advisors of the Assembly Ways and Means Committee. Read more
In a Salon.com feature story, Ph.D. student Julie Hecht (Psychology) examines whether dogs are able to recognize other dogs by sight alone. Read more
Distinguished Professor Michelle Fine (Psychology/Urban Education/Women's Studies) appeared in an Al Jazeera America segment this week on the rise of Islamophobia in the United States and the effects on children of Muslim-American families. Read more
Beginning in January 2016, Kelly will be responsible for leading the NYPL's four research centers — the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture; the Science, Industry and Business Library; the Library for the Performing Arts at Lincoln Center; and the Stephen A. Schwarzman Building on Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street — and their 460 staff members. Read more
Professor Matthew K. Gold (NYCCT/GC, English/Digital Humanities) has been elected Vice President/President-Elect of the Association for Computers and the Humanities (ACH), the primary scholarly association for digital humanists in North America. Read more
Professor Mandana Limbert (GC/Queens, Anthropology) has been awarded a 2016-17 National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Fellowship for her project, "Oman, Zanzibar, and the Politics of Becoming Arab." Read more


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Our tree observation worksheet asks lots of good questions about trees that can get you observing.
If you put your checklist on a clipboard, it makes it easier to write your notes.
Do you have a tree near your home that you have admired but not really observed up close? Or is there one in a park nearby?
Lay your worksheet or a page from your journal on the tree bark. Use the side of your crayon to rub lightly and you'll see the texture of the bark on your paper.
Try to pick these up from the ground. Tape them to your worksheet or journal page. Or if you can't find any on the ground, try drawing them instead.
It would be interesting to do this every year or a few times per year to see how your tree is growing.
Stand with your arms outstretched by your tree. Estimate the full width of the tree from the farthest tips of its branches. Estimate how tall is your tree.
Some trees have a lot of visible roots, and some do not.
If yours has a lot of roots sticking up, you might consider putting mulch around the base of the tree. Mulch helps keep the tree roots moist by holding in water from the rain.
Trees are homes to many wildlife. Why not you?


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Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum has been awarded an $800,000 challenge grant from the Kresge Foundation for its RE:DESIGN renovation project. To date, $51 million, or 94 percent, of the $54 million renovation goal has been raised. The Kresge Foundation grant requires Cooper-Hewitt to raise the remaining $3 million renovation funds by September 30, 2011.
"The renovation is the most ambitious project in Cooper-Hewitt's history," explains Bill Moggridge, director of the museum. "The grant signals great commitment to the museum's project and mission by the renowned Kresge Foundation and serves as a wonderful impetus to complete the fundraising for the renovation portion of the campaign."
The renovation has two phases: Phase One began in March with the renovation of the museum's two townhouses and is expected to be completed in summer 2011. Phase Two construction, involving the Carnegie Mansion, is expected to begin mid-2011; the entire project will be completed in 2013. The expansion design is led by Gluckman Mayner Architects, and the executive architect is Beyer Blinder Belle Architects and Planners.
Phase One involves reprogramming and renovating the museum's East 90th Street townhouses to free administrative space within the Carnegie Mansion, which will increase exhibition space by 60 percent. Phase Two will restore the mansion and create a new 5,000-square-foot gallery. The museum has also raised 67 percent ($6.7 million) toward the campaign's $10 million endowment goal.
"Having raised 94 percent toward the renovation goal, we are now turning to Cooper-Hewitt's members and friends to engage them in realizing this transformative project," according to Harvey Krueger and Michael Francis, trustees and co-chairs of the capital campaign committee. "We are grateful to the Kresge Foundation for their tremendous support and the timing of the challenge grant couldn't be better."
New Public Spaces
Cooper-Hewitt's redesign focuses on adapting a 20th century historic house to meet the needs of a 21st-century museum. It involves a program of historic preservation, which will work within the preservation parameters established by executive architect Beyer Blinder Belle, and it will aim for LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification.
The project will increase Cooper-Hewitt's exhibition space and reconfigure conservation and collection-storage facilities. Through reprogramming of portions of the mansion and the adjacent townhouses, the project will increase the museum's total exhibition space from approximately 10,000 square feet to 16,000 square feet.
Major components of the project include:
About the Kresge Foundation
The Kresge Foundation is a national, private foundation that seeks to influence the quality of life for future generations by creating access and opportunity in underserved communities, improving the health of low-income people, supporting artistic expression, assisting in the revitalization of Detroit and advancing methods for dealing with global climate change. The foundation's work is focused in six fields of interest: health, the environment, arts and culture, education, human services, and community development.
About Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum
Founded in 1897, Cooper-Hewitt is the only museum in the nation devoted exclusively to historic and contemporary design. The museum presents compelling perspectives on the impact of design on daily life through active educational programs, exhibitions and publications.


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Winding Waters River Expeditions
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Get on the road with Roadtrippers
We've partnered with Roadtrippers to provide a great way to plan a trip around Oregon. So start planning your next road trip to here, there or pretty much anywhere in Oregon.
Join us for the best Oregon whitewater rafting vacation on the Snake River though Hells Canyon, the Salmon River, and the Grande Ronde River. With over 35 years of guiding experience on these rivers, the owners of Winding Waters have created an outstanding whitewater rafting vacation for you, your family, or group. Begin planning your adventure with us today!
What's around here? Location & Nearby Things to See & Do
These maps and directions are for planning purposes only. You may find that construction projects, traffic, or other events may cause road conditions to differ from the map results. For travel options, weather and road conditions, visit tripcheck.com, call 511 (in Oregon only), 800.977.6368 or 503.588.2941.
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River to Rails
When's the last time you went on a train ride? How about rafting and hopping a train, all in the same day? There's a unique River to Rails' day trip in northeast Oregon where you can pull off this back-to-back float trip and…


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Contact Rick or Stefanie for more information about this suite.
Solaris is the first of three contemporary towers in the new community of Meadows Gate Village. Rising ten stories, Solaris soars above other area buildings to reveal stunning panoramic views. Arranged around a central retail courtyard, Meadows Gate Village is close to urban amenities of all kinds. Live just steps from street-level shops, a recreation centre, a library, an elementary school, and City Hall.


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Many people choose profession due to condition.Only number of people make career to their passion or hobbies.Are you satisfy with your work?
I'm never satisfied. I am always discontent. It is a sad existence.
i am! at least for the moment.. but there's always a higher step to move on, no?
I have to say, I am satisfy with my work! Because it is a choice to one, who is just graduated!!
For the time being yes I am. Don't know about the near or distant future.
I am finally satisfied with my current job, and as a result I'm really happy! I haven't been happy with any of my previous jobs as I wasn't getting the right level of challenge and it took me a while to learn what kind of organisation culture and work requirements would suit me.
I get passionate about my work, but I wouldn't say it was my passion. I'm not sure that's a good thing long term so I may try to change direction in the future (I've tried in the past, but I'm still not sure what direction I should take!) but for now I feel fulfilled by what I am doing.
yes , I agree with myself,whatever i do for my self...
yes i am satisfied with my work...i do work in that field which i want...
I think satisfied is not the correct term. I would say I am "happy" but there is some certain form of discontentment. But, that is 'discontenment' in a good way. Meaning I am not always satisfied with how I work. This pressures me to become better every time. This works for me.
Yeah, pretty much. I managed to make my hobby into my career.I'm doing what I love and loving what I do.Sure there are rubbish days, but the good ones outweigh them considerably.
And I'm so easily pleased, it's appalling
a little addition: just read this article about the 10 most satisfying jobs...interesting!
I choose my profession due to condition only as you said, but once coming into this field really i like this work
No. I'm never satisfied, they say working and studying are the same you should never stop learning and never stop dreaming. As long as your skills are improving you should always aim for a higher level. Don't get stuck.
No i Will never get satisfied in my work because i have seen many people still growing their life because of their hardwork am still working hard but can't find the path to my get settle down in order to see my destiny.
Yes, I am... and i am in my current profession for past 10 years. I am a web designer.
I love my work! And I'll love it even more when I am earning a bit more
Mind you, I have enough to live on from another business which I don't quite like as much.... so, all in all, I am happy with how things are.
Let me expand on my earlier comment. That was more or less referring to life in general. When it comes to web design I am happy. I could make more money but money does not make one happy. It helps though. Web design is what gets me up every morning at 2am so that I can do it before work. Going on 10 years now. So I must love it. I love the challenge of coding something new. I do not enjoy working with graphics or tedious copy and paste jobs.
Someone just give me a nice, big, chocolate-chip cookie every day. That would help a lot.


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the details cookbooklet
volume I: Salads, Soups and Sweets
de Chef Rachael Perron
Acerca del libro
What a fun and delicious year 2009 has been – with so many incredible opportunities and as many great recipes to document them, it's hardly a surprise I wasn't able to contain what was supposed to be a "little" recipe project. Though I had great intentions to include only the recipes I tested for use as an instructor, I clearly lack self-control and possess an undeniable inability to self-edit. But so what. With The Details Cookbooklet Volumes I and II, herein lie the best new recipes that made it successfully out of the test kitchen and onto the plates of Details clients, students, and some unsuspecting guinea pigs, too - a complete collection of recipes prepared for instructional use, as well as for personal chef, events, restaurant, blog and television production purposes. Enjoy!
Acerca del creador
Rachael Perron is an award-winning chef, author, artist, cooking instructor, culinary consultant and the owner and founder of Details Private Chef Services, LLC, and Details Culinary Consulting. Her professional education includes work at a restaurant and B&B outside Florence, Italy, where she honed her specialty for updated regional home-kitchen classics that are fresh, elegant, flavorful and simple to prepare. In addition to instructing students privately, she teaches for Minnesota's own Nordic Ware and is a regular Guest Chef at The Chef's Gallery in Stillwater, MN. Rachael is also the author of the popular foodie blog, "the Refrigerator Diaries". Rachael lives in White Bear Lake with her husband, Jerry, and their two school-age children.
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Mike Christ
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
Mike Christ, (January 6AD - October 55AD), born Michael Alan Christ in Nazareth, Galilee - was a successful outdoor caterer and entrepreneur, best known for inventing the onion as a cheap filler for burgers and hot-dogs. Success followed his invention and in just six months he had expanded his catering business from one van outside the Nazareth branch of B&Q, to a chain of mobile restaurants all over northern Judea. While his competitors were still adding fistfuls of boiled grit to their burgers, Christ's famous eateries went from strength to strength, all to the sound of his popular catchphrase "Do you want onions with that?".
edit Early life
Mike Christ was the second son of Joseph and Mary Christ, of Nazareth. (She ain't a virgin no more!) His father was a carpenter and his mother a housewife, which was customary at the time. As a sickly child, Mike spent a great deal of time in convalescent houses. It has been suggested by some historians that his blessed mother Mary may well have instructed young Christ to feign illness in order to reduce his exposure to the influence of his vagrant older brother Jesus H Christ. Oh my was his dick much bigger than his brother's and twice as thick.
edit Success In Business
After being given his first job, frying dust for a bearded man he befriended in a convalescent house, Christ worked hard, even studying the health-and-safety manuals in his spare time. Surely, a promotion would follow. It did not, so Christ successfully accused his employer of buggery, winning his own catering van in the legal settlement, from his executed former employer's estate. It wasn't long before "Christ's Bites" were generating a lot of positive hype and a great reputation for Mike Christ as a great culinary innovator. His early creations included Suculent Dung Patties, Ergo-Burgers the ergonomic burger baps with a handle, Cubes-O-Stuff, Mussels in a Shoe and the world famous Hot-Dog Lottery, a marketing gimmick involving soiled, non-kosher frankfurters and a blindfolded contestant. It is for his most famous invention, the onion, that Christ is remembered. He attributed the basic design to his brother, who according to Christ "was always coming up with crazy ideas".
edit Exile
Mike Christ retired from catering at the youthful age of 29 and sold his then extensive business empire. He used the money to buy his family a new life in Middlesex, in the new Roman colony of Britannica, away from the derision of their Galilean neighbours following the arrest and execution of Mike's criminal brother Jesus, who had brought shame on the family.
edit Life in Britannica
While in Britannica Micheal Christ decided to continue his business success, By building a lovely little barber shop down on henningsvale road, two doors down from that lovely little butcher shop in which his family continually buys there assorted meat. After months of Working, Mike had a crush on the Butchress who ran the shop, But, the young girl's father was going to move her to Scotland for they didn't have any meat. So, One day Mike brought her some.
"Cindy?! (Butcher Girl)" Mike said
"Oh yes?" She replied.
"I brought you some meat!" Mike said
"Yes! come, eat some!"
"Mmmmmmm This is Good, CHRIST! This is good."
"That's my name don't wear it out!"
"Are you going to have some?"
"Nawh.... I'm fine.... Good luck with those sandwiches!"
He left the shop. an hour later, a man came for a cut, So Mike "ACCIDENTALLY" cut his head off, but than, When trying to Dispose of the Body it got all mixed up with meat for Cindy,


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PHILADELPHIA - The University of Pennsylvania women's soccer team is ready to get going with the 2013 season. The Quakers kick things off this weekend with a pair of home matches, hosting Saint Peter's on Friday night and Mount St. Mary's on Sunday. Both games are the first half of a women's/men's doubleheader, and all matches will be played at Penn Park due to the continuing renovation at Rhodes Field.
Click here for live video stream of this weekend's matches!
Click here for live stats of this weekend's matches!
Making History
This weekend's matches are historic for a couple of reasons. It not only marks the first time the Penn women's soccer team has played at Penn Park, but the Sept. 6 start is the latest since the 2003 season.
First Time For Everything
Saint Peter's and Mount St. Mary'sshare a common fact: neither has ever played Penn in women's soccer.
About SPC
The Peacocks (0-2-0) are under first-year head coach Rob Bielan. They lost to Wagner on August 23 to start the season, 3-1, and then fell to NJIT last weekend, 3-2. Nicole Tafrow has a goal and an assist so far this season, while Ashley Drozd and Greta Vogel have also scored. At the other end, Molly O'Hanlon has been in the goal; she has a 3.00 GAA and six saves.
About MSM
The Mount (1-3-0) opened the season with a 1-0 win at UMBC; since then, they have lost to Bucknell (2-0), Temple (1-0) and Towson (4-1). Emma Blair had the goal in the win over UMBC, while Alicia Mirando scored in the loss to Towson on a penalty kick. In goal, Rachel Bourne and Vicky Cocozza have both played 45 minutes in each match. Bourne holds a 1.50 goals against average and a .769 save percentage, while Cocozza -- who started vs. Temple and made nine first-half saves -- has a 2.00 GAA and a .789 save percentage.
About Penn
*Penn is 23-8-2 overall in the last two seasons, and 27-9-4 over its last 40 matches dating back to the 2010 season. In those 40 matches, Penn has allowed just 26 goals.
*Penn returns two women who earned All-Ivy honors last year, seniors Kerry Scalora (first-team forward) and Brianna Rano (second-team defender). Scalora was also the 2010 Ivy League and ECAC Rookie of the Year. Senior Kathryn Barth was second-team All-Ivy and second-team NSCAA all-region two years ago, as a sophomore.
*Scalora led Penn in scoring last year, tallying four goals and three assists for 11 points. Two other returning players, Barth and Erin Mikolai, had three goals apiece.
*In addition to Mikolai, another sophomore to keep an eye on up front is Elissa Berdini. She had two goals and two assists last season.
*Three other returning players scored twice last year: senior Claire Walker -- who is a captain of this year's team along with Scalora and Rano -- junior Kaitlyn Moore, and junior Clara Midgley.
*Moore will step into the middle of the park, looking to replace the graduated Erin Beck. Another returning candidate for that position is senior Laura Oliver.
*Penn lost its two central defenders from a year ago, All-Ivy pick Alex Dayneka and Erin Thayer. On the other hand, sophomores Caroline Dwyer and Jazmyne Simmons are two women who saw lots of time in the backfield along with Rano last year. Junior Haley Cooper also has experience.
*The goalkeeper position is also open after the graduation of Sarah Banks. Junior Katherine Myhre saw time in one game last year, she will battle for the spot with sophomore Kalijah Terilli -- who sat out last season due to injury -- and freshman Carrie Crook.