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Frequent Links
Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare (alternately preventive medicine or prophylaxis) consists of measures taken for disease prevention, as opposed to disease treatment.[1][2] Just as health encompasses a variety of physical and mental states, so do disease and disability, which are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices. Health, disease, and disability are dynamic processes which begin before individuals realize they are affected. Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be categorized as primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.[2]
Each year, millions of people die preventable deaths. A 2004 study showed that about half of all deaths in the United States in 2000 were due to preventable behaviors and exposures.[3] Leading causes included cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, unintentional injuries, diabetes, and certain infectious diseases.[3] This same study estimates that 400,000 people die each year in the United States due to poor diet and a sedentary lifestyle.[3] According to estimates made by the World Health Organization (WHO), about 55 million people died worldwide in 2011, two thirds of this group from non-communicable diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular and lung diseases.[4] This is an increase from the year 2000, during which 60% of deaths were attributed to these diseases.[4] Preventive healthcare is especially important given the worldwide rise in prevalence of chronic diseases and deaths from these diseases.
There are many methods for prevention of disease. It is recommended that adults and children aim to visit their doctor for regular check-ups, even if they feel healthy, to perform disease screening, identify risk factors for disease, discuss tips for a healthy and balanced lifestyle, stay up to date with immunizations and boosters, and maintain a good relationship with a healthcare provider.[5] Some common disease screenings include checking for hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperglycemia (high blood sugar, a risk factor for diabetes mellitus), hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol), screening for colon cancer, depression, HIV and other common types of sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia, syphilis, and gonorrhea, mammography (to screen for breast cancer), colorectal cancer screening, a pap test (to check for cervical cancer), and screening for osteoporosis. Genetic testing can also be performed to screen for mutations that cause genetic disorders or predisposition to certain diseases such as breast or ovarian cancer.[5] However, these measures are not affordable for every individual and the cost effectiveness of preventive healthcare is still a topic of debate.[6][7]
- 1 Levels of prevention
- 2 Leading causes of preventable death
- 3 Infant and child mortality
- 4 Preventive methods for different diseases
- 5 Health disparities and barriers to accessing care
- 6 Effectiveness
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Levels of prevention
Preventive healthcare strategies are typically described as taking place at the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention levels. In the 1940s, Hugh R. Leavell and E. Gurney Clark coined the term primary prevention. They worked at the Harvard and Columbia University Schools of Public Health, respectively, and later expanded the levels to include secondary and tertiary prevention.[8] Goldston (1987) notes that these levels might be better described as "prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation"[8] though the terms primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are still commonly in use today.
|Primary prevention
|Methods to avoid occurrence of disease either through eliminating disease agents or increasing resistance to disease.[1] Examples include immunization against disease, maintaining a healthy diet and exercise regimen, and avoiding smoking.[9]
|Secondary prevention
|Methods to detect and address an existing disease prior to the appearance of symptoms.[1] Examples include treatment of hypertension (a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases), cancer screenings [9]
|Tertiary prevention
|Methods to reduce negative impact of symptomatic disease, such as disability or death, through rehabilitation and treatment.[1] Examples include surgical procedures that halt the spread or progression of disease [1]
Primary prevention
Primary prevention consists of "health promotion" and "specific protection."[1] Health promotion activities are non-clinical life choices, for example, eating nutritious meals and exercising daily, that both prevent disease and create a sense of overall well-being. Preventing disease and creating overall well-being, prolongs our life expectancy.[1][2] Health-promotional activities do not target a specific disease or condition but rather promote health and well-being on a very general level.[2] On the other hand, specific protection targets a type or group of diseases and complements the goals of health promotion.[1] In the case of a sexually transmitted disease such as syphilis health promotion activities would include avoiding microorganisms by maintaining personal hygiene, routine check-up appointments with the doctor, general sex education, etc. whereas specific protective measures would be using prophylactics (such as condoms) during sex and avoiding sexual promiscuity.[2]
Food is very much the most basic tool in preventive health care. The 2011 National Health Interview Survey performed by the Centers for Disease Control was the first national survey to include questions about ability to pay for food. Difficulty with paying for food, medicine, or both is a problem facing 1 out of 3 Americans. If better food options were available through food banks, soup kitchens, and other resources for low-income people, obesity and the chronic conditions that come along with it would be better controlled [10] A "food desert" is an area with restricted access to healthy foods due to a lack of supermarkets within a reasonable distance. These are often low-income neighborhoods with the majority of residents lacking transportation .[11] There have been several grassroots movements in the past 20 years to encourage urban gardening, such as the GreenThumb organization in New York City. Urban gardening uses vacant lots to grow food for a neighborhood and is cultivated by the local residents.[12] Mobile fresh markets are another resource for residents in a "food desert", which are specially outfitted buses bringing affordable fresh fruits and vegetables to low-income neighborhoods. These programs often hold educational events as well such as cooking and nutrition guidance.[13] Programs such as these are helping to provide healthy, affordable foods to the people who need them the most.
Scientific advancements in genetics have significantly contributed to the knowledge of hereditary diseases and have facilitated great progress in specific protective measures in individuals who are carriers of a disease gene or have an increased predisposition to a specific disease. Genetic testing has allowed physicians to make quicker and more accurate diagnoses and has allowed for tailored treatments or personalized medicine.[2] Similarly, specific protective measures such as water purification, sewage treatment, and the development of personal hygienic routines (such as regular hand-washing) became mainstream upon the discovery of infectious disease agents such as bacteria. These discoveries have been instrumental in decreasing the rates of communicable diseases that are often spread in unsanitary conditions.[2]
Finally, a separate category of health promotion has been propounded, based on the 'new knowledge' in molecular biology - in particular epigenetics - which points to how much physical as well as affective environments during foetal and newborn life may determine adult health.[14] This is commonly called primal prevention. It involves providing future parents with pertinent, unbiased information on primal health and supporting them during their child's primal life (i.e., "from conception to first anniversary" according to definition by the Primal Health Research Centre, London). This includes adequate parental leave - ideally for both parents - with kin caregiving and financial help if needed.
Secondary prevention
Secondary prevention deals with latent diseases and attempts to prevent an asymptomatic disease from progressing to symptomatic disease.[1] Certain diseases can be classified as primary or secondary. This depends on definitions of what constitutes a disease, though, in general, primary prevention addresses the root cause of a disease or injury[1] whereas secondary prevention aims to detect and treat a disease early on.[15] Secondary prevention consists of "early diagnosis and prompt treatment" to contain the disease and prevent its spread to other individuals, and "disability limitation" to prevent potential future complications and disabilities from the disease.[2] For example, early diagnosis and prompt treatment for a syphilis patient would include a course of antibiotics to destroy the pathogen and screening and treatment of any infants born to syphilitic mothers. Disability limitation for syphilitic patients includes continued check-ups on the heart, cerebrospinal fluid, and central nervous system of patients to curb any damaging effects such as blindness or paralysis.[2]
Tertiary prevention
Finally, tertiary prevention attempts to reduce the damage caused by symptomatic disease by focusing on mental, physical, and social rehabilitation. Unlike secondary prevention, which aims to prevent disability, the objective of tertiary prevention is to maximize the remaining capabilities and functions of an already disabled patient.[2] Goals of tertiary prevention include: preventing pain and damage, halting progression and complications from disease, and restoring the health and functions of the individuals affected by disease.[15] For syphilitic patients, rehabilitation includes measures to prevent complete disability from the disease, such as implementing work-place adjustments for the blind and paralyzed or providing counseling to restore normal daily functions to the greatest extent possible.[2]
Leading causes of preventable death
United States
The leading cause of death in the United States was tobacco. However, poor diet and lack of exercise may soon surpass tobacco as a leading cause of death. These behaviors are modifiable and public health and prevention efforts could make a difference to reduce these deaths.[3]
|Deaths caused
|% of all deaths
|Tobacco smoking
|Poor diet and physical inactivity
|Alcohol consumption
|Infectious diseases
|Traffic collisions
|Firearm incidents
|Sexually transmitted infections
|Drug abuse
The leading causes of preventable death worldwide share similar trends to the United States. There are a few differences between the two, such as malnutrition, pollution, and unsafe sanitation, that reflect health disparities between the developing and developed world.[16]
|Deaths caused (millions per year)
|High cholesterol
|Sexually transmitted infections
|Poor diet
|Overweight and obesity
|Physical inactivity
|Indoor air pollution from solid fuels
|Unsafe water and poor sanitation
Infant and child mortality
In 2010, 7.6 million children died before reaching the age of 5. While this is a decrease from 9.6 million in the year 2000,[17] it is still far from the fourth Millennium Development Goal to decrease child mortality by two-thirds by the year 2015.[18] Of these deaths, about 64% were due to infection (including diarrhea, pneumonia, and malaria).[17] About 40% of these deaths occurred in neonates (children ages 1–28 days) due to pre-term birth complications.[18] The highest number of child deaths occurred in Africa and Southeast Asia.[17] In Africa, almost no progress has been made in reducing neonatal death since 1990.[18] India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan, and China contributed to almost 50% of global child deaths in 2010. Targeting efforts in these countries is essential to reducing the global child death rate.[17]
Child mortality is caused by a variety of factors including poverty, environmental hazards, and lack of maternal education.[19] The World Health Organization created a list of interventions in the following table that were judged economically and operationally "feasible," based on the healthcare resources and infrastructure in 42 nations that contribute to 90% of all infant and child deaths. The table indicates how many infant and child deaths could have been prevented in the year 2000, assuming universal healthcare coverage.[19]
|Percent of all child deaths preventable
|Insecticide-treated materials
|Complementary feeding
|Clean delivery
|Hib vaccine
|Water, sanitation, hygiene
|Antenatal steroids
|Newborn temperature management
|Vitamin A
|Tetanus toxoid
|Nevirapine and replacement feeding
|Antibiotics for premature rupture of membranes
|Measles vaccine
|Antimalarial intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy
Preventive methods for different diseases
Obesity is a major risk factor for a wide variety of conditions including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, certain cancers, and type 2 diabetes. In order to prevent obesity, it is recommended that individuals adhere to a consistent exercise regimen as well as a nutritious and balanced diet. A healthy individual should aim for acquiring 10% of their energy from proteins, 15-20% from fat, and over 50% from complex carbohydrates, while avoiding alcohol as well as foods high in fat, salt, and sugar. Sedentary adults should aim for at least half an hour of moderate-level daily physical activity and eventually increase to include at least 20 minutes of intense exercise, three times a week.[20]
In recent years, cancer has become a global problem. Low and middle income countries share a majority of the cancer burden largely due to exposure to carcinogens resulting from industrialization and globalization.[21] However, primary prevention of cancer and knowledge of cancer risk factors can reduce over one third of all cancer cases. Primary prevention of cancer can also prevent other diseases, both communicable and non-communicable, that share common risk factors with cancer.[21]
Lung cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and Europe and is a major cause of death in other countries.[22] Tobacco is an environmental carcinogen and the major underlying cause of lung cancer.[22] Between 25% and 40% of all cancer deaths and about 90% of lung cancer cases are associated with tobacco use. Other carcinogens include asbestos and radioactive materials.[23] Both smoking and second-hand exposure from other smokers can lead to lung cancer and eventually death.[22] Therefore, prevention of tobacco use is paramount to prevention of lung cancer.
Individual, community, and state-wide interventions can prevent or cease tobacco use. 90% of adults in the US who have ever smoked did so prior to the age of 20. In-school prevention/educational programs, as well as counseling resources, can help prevent and cease adolescent smoking.[23] Other cessation techniques include group support programs, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), hypnosis, and self-motivated behavioral change. Studies have shown long term success rates (>1 year) of 20% for hypnosis and 10%-20% for group therapy.[23]
Cancer screening programs serve as effective sources of secondary prevention. The Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering hospitals conducted annual x-ray screenings and sputum cytology tests and found that lung cancer was detected at higher rates, earlier stages, and had more favorable treatment outcomes, which supports widespread investment in such programs.[23]
Legislation can also have an impact on smoking prevention and cessation. In 1992, Massachusetts (United States) voters passed a bill adding an extra 25 cent tax to each pack of cigarettes, despite intense lobbying and a $7.3 million spent by the tobacco industry to oppose this bill. Tax revenue goes toward tobacco education and control programs and has led to a decline of tobacco use in the state.[24]
Lung cancer and tobacco smoking are making an increasing impact worldwide, especially in China. China is responsible for about one-third of the global consumption and production of tobacco products.[25] Tobacco control policies have been ineffective as China is home to 350 million regular smokers and 750 million passive smokers and the annual death toll is over 1 million.[25] Recommended actions to reduce tobacco use include: decreasing tobacco supply, increasing tobacco taxes, widespread educational campaigns, decreasing advertising from the tobacco industry, and increasing tobacco cessation support resources.[25] In Wuhan, China, a 1998 school-based program, implemented an anti-tobacco curriculum for adolescents and reduced the number of regular smokers, though it did not significantly decrease the number of adolescents who initiated smoking. This program was therefore effective in secondary but not primary prevention and shows that school-based programs have the potential to reduce tobacco use.[26]
Skin cancer
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States.[27] The most lethal form of skin cancer, melanoma, leads to over 50,000 annual deaths in the United States.[27] Childhood prevention is particularly important because a significant portion of ultraviolet radiation exposure from the sun occurs during childhood and adolescence and can subsequently lead to skin cancer in adulthood. Furthermore, childhood prevention can lead to the development of healthy habits that continue to prevent cancer for a lifetime.[27]
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends several primary prevention methods including: limiting sun exposure between 10 AM and 4 PM, when the sun is strongest, wearing tighter-weave natural cotton clothing, wide-brim hats, and sunglasses as protective covers, using sunscreens that protect against both UV-A and UV-B rays, and avoiding tanning salons.[27] Sunscreen should be reapplied after sweating, exposure to water (through swimming for example) or after several hours of sun exposure.[27] Since skin cancer is very preventable, the CDC recommends school-level prevention programs including preventive curricula, family involvement, participation and support from the school's health services, and partnership with community, state, and national agencies and organizations to keep children away from excessive UV radiation exposure.[27]
Most skin cancer and sun protection data comes from Australia and the United States.[28] An international study reported that Australians tended to demonstrate higher knowledge of sun protection and skin cancer knowledge, compared to other countries.[28] Of children, adolescents, and adults, sunscreen was the most commonly used skin protection. However, many adolescents purposely used sunscreen with a low sun protection factor (SPF)in order to get a tan.[28] Various Australian studies have shown that many adults failed to use sunscreen correctly; many applied sunscreen well after their initial sun exposure and/or failed to reapply when necessary.[29][30][31] A 2002 case-control study in Brazil showed that only 3% of case participants and 11% of control participants used sunscreen with SPF >15.[32]
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer ranks among the top three most common cancers among women in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Asia. Cervical cytology screening aims to detect abnormal lesions in the cervix so that women can undergo treatment prior to the development of cancer. Given that high quality screening and follow-up care has been shown to reduce cervical cancer rates by up to 80%, most developed countries now encourage sexually active women to undergo a pap test every 3–5 years. Finland and Iceland have developed effective organized programs with routine monitoring and have managed to significantly reduce cervical cancer mortality while using fewer resources than unorganized, opportunistic programs such as those in the United States or Canada.[33]
In developing nations in Latin America, such as Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Cuba, both public and privately organized programs have offered women routine cytological screening since the 1970s. However, these efforts have not resulted in a significant change in cervical cancer incidence or mortality in these nations. This is likely due to low quality, inefficient testing. However, Puerto Rico, which has offered early screening since the 1960s, has witnessed an almost a 50% decline in cervical cancer incidence and almost a four-fold decrease in mortality between 1950 and 1990. Brazil, Peru, India, and several high-risk nations in sub-Saharan Africa which lack organized screening programs, have a high incidence of cervical cancer.[33]
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (also called bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer) is globally the second most common cancer in women and the third-most common in men,[34] and the fourth most common cause of cancer death after lung, stomach, and liver cancer,[35] having caused 715,000 deaths in 2010.[36]
It is also highly preventable; about 80 percent[37] of colorectal cancers begin as benign growths, commonly called polyps, which can be easily detected and removed during a colonoscopy. Other methods of screening for polyps and cancers include fecal occult blood testing. Lifestyle changes that may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer include increasing consumption of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and reducing consumption of red meat (see Colorectal cancer).
Health disparities and barriers to accessing care
Access to healthcare and preventive health services is unequal, as is the quality of care received. A study conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)revealed health disparities in the United States. In the United States, elderly adults (>65 years old)received worse care and had less access to care than their younger counterparts. The same trends are seen when comparing all racial minorities (black, Hispanic, Asian) to white patients, and low-income people to high-income people.[38] Common barriers to accessing and utilizing healthcare resources included lack of income and education, language barriers, and lack of health insurance. Minorities were less likely than whites to possess health insurance, as were individuals who completed less education. These disparities made it more difficult for the disadvantaged groups to have regular access to a primary care provider, receive immunizations, or receive other types of medical care.[38] Additionally, uninsured people tend to not seek care until their diseases progress to chronic and serious states and they are also more likely to forgo necessary tests, treatments, and filling prescription medications.[39]
These sorts of disparities and barriers exist worldwide as well. Oftentimes there are decades of gaps in life expectancy between developing and developed countries. For example, Japan has an average life expectancy that is 36 years greater than that in Malawi.[40] Low-income countries also tend to have fewer physicians than high-income countries. In Nigeria and Myanmar, there are fewer than 4 physicians per 100,000 people while Norway and Switzerland have a ratio that is ten-fold higher.[40] Common barriers worldwide include lack of availability of health services and healthcare providers in the region, great physical distance between the home and health service facilities, high transportation costs, high treatment costs, and social norms and stigma toward accessing certain health services.[41]
There is no general consensus as to whether or not preventive healthcare measures are cost-effective, but they increase the quality of life dramatically. There are varying views on what constitutes a "good investment." Some argue that preventive health measures should save more money than they cost, when factoring in treatment costs in the absence of such measures. Others argue in favor of "good value" or conferring significant health benefits even if the measures do not save money[6][42] Furthermore, preventive health services are often described as one entity though they comprise a myriad of different services, each of which can individually lead to net costs, savings, or neither. Greater differentiation of these services is necessary to fully understand both the financial and health impacts.[6]
A 2010 study reported that in the United States, vaccinating children, cessation of smoking, daily prophylactic use of aspirin, and screening of breast and colorectal cancers had the most potential to prevent premature death.[6] Preventive health measures that resulted in savings included vaccinating children and adults, smoking cessation, daily use of aspirin, and screening for issues with alcoholism, obesity, and vision failure.[6] These authors estimated that if usage of these services in the United States increased to 90% of the population, there would be net savings of $3.7 billion, which comprised only about -0.2% of the total 2006 United States healthcare expenditure.[6] Despite the potential for decreasing healthcare spending, utilization of healthcare resources in the United States still remains low, especially among Latinos and African-Americans.[43] Overall, preventive services are difficult to implement because healthcare providers have limited time with patients and must integrate a variety of preventive health measures from different sources.[43]
While these specific services bring about small net savings not every preventive health measure saves more than it costs. A 1970's study showed that preventing heart attacks by treating hypertension early on with drugs actually did not save money in the long run. The money saved by evading treatment from heart attack and stroke only amounted to about a quarter of the cost of the drugs.[44][45] Similarly, it was found that the cost of drugs or dietary changes to decrease high blood cholesterol exceeded the cost of subsequent heart disease treatment.[46][47] Due to these findings, some argue that rather than focusing healthcare reform efforts exclusively on preventive care, the interventions that bring about the highest level of health should be prioritized.[42]
Cohen et al. (2008) outline a few arguments made by skeptics of preventive healthcare. Many argue that preventive measures only cost less than future treatment when the proportion of the population that would become ill in the absence of prevention is fairly large.[7] The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group conducted a 2012 study evaluating the costs and benefits (in quality-adjusted life-years or QALY's) of lifestyle changes versus taking the drug metformin. They found that neither method brought about financial savings, but were cost-effective nonetheless because they brought about an increase in QALY's.[48] In addition to scrutinizing costs, preventive healthcare skeptics also examine efficiency of interventions. They argue that while many treatments of existing diseases involve use of advanced equipment and technology, in some cases, this is a more efficient use of resources than attempts to prevent the disease.[7] Cohen et al. (2008) suggest that the preventive measures most worth exploring and investing in are those that could benefit a large portion of the population to bring about cumulative and widespread health benefits at a reasonable cost.[7]
See also
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- American Board of Preventive Medicine
- American Osteopathic Board of Preventive Medicine
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Chronic (medicine)
- Epidemiology
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
- Mental illness prevention
- Monitoring (medicine)
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis
- Preventive Medicine (journal)
- Primary Care
- Primary Health Care
- Screening (medicine)
- United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
- Vaccination
- World Health Organization (WHO)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Katz, D., & Ather, A. (2009). Preventive Medicine, Integrative Medicine & The Health of The Public. Commissioned for the IOM Summit on Integrative Medicine and the Health of the Public. Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Quality/IntegrativeMed/Preventive%20Medicine%20Integrative%20Medicine%20and%20the%20Health%20of%20the%20Public.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hugh R. Leavell and E. Gurney Clark as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency. Leavell, H. R., & Clark, E. G. (1979). Preventive Medicine for the Doctor in his Community (3rd ed.). Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company.
- ^ a b c d e Mokdad, A. H., Marks, J. S., Stroup, D. F., & Gerberding, J. L. (2004). Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000. Journal of the American Medical Association,291(10), 1238-1245.
- ^ a b The Top 10 Causes of Death. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2014, from World Health Organization website: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index2.html
- ^ a b Vorvick, L. (2013). Preventive health care. In D. Zieve, D. R. Eltz, S. Slon, & N. Wang (Eds.), The A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html
- ^ a b c d e f Michael V. Maciosek, Ashley B. Coffield, Thomas J. Flottemesch, Nichol M. Edwards and Leif I. Solberg. Greater Use Of Preventive Services In U.S. Health Care Could Save Lives At Little Or No Cost. Health Affairs, 29, no.9 (2010):1656-1660. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2008.0701.
- ^ a b c d Cohen, J. T., Neumann, P. J., & Weinstein, M. C. (2008, February 14). Does Preventive Care Save Money? Health Economics and the Presidential Candidates. The New England Journal of Medicine, 358(7), 661-663.
- ^ a b Goldston, S. E. (Ed.). (1987). Concepts of primary prevention: A framework for program development. Sacramento: California Department of Mental Health
- ^ a b Patterson, C., & Chambers, L. W. (1995). Preventive health care. The Lancet, 345, 1611-1615.
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- ^ a b c Countdown to 2015, decade report (2000–10)—taking stock of maternal, newborn and child survival WHO, Geneva (2010)
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- ^ a b Sankaranarayanan, R., Budukh, A. M., & Rajkumar, R. (2001). Effective screening programmes for cervical cancer in low- and middle-income developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(10), 954-962.
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- ^ a b Disparities in Healthcare Quality Among Racial and Ethnic Groups: Selected Findings from the 2011 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports. Fact Sheet. AHRQ Publication No. 12-0006-1-EF, September 2012. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqrdr11/nhqrdrminority11.htm
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- ^ Weinstein MC, Stason WB. Hypertension: a policy perspective. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.
- ^ Weinstein MC, Stason WB. Economic considerations in the management of mild hypertension. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1978;304:424-440
- ^ Taylor WC, Pass TM, Shepard DS, Komaroff AL. Cost effectiveness of cholesterol reduction for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease in men. In: Goldbloom RB, Lawrence RS, eds. Preventing disease: beyond the rhetoric. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1990:437-41.
- ^ Goldman L, Weinstein MC, Goldman PA, Williams LW. Cost-effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1991;265:1145-1151
- ^ The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2012). The 10-Year Cost-Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention or Metformin for Diabetes Prevention. Diabetes Care, 35, 723-730.
External links
- United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
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SAINT LEO, Fla. In the opening game of the 2013 campaign with first-year coach Sean O'Connor at the helm, the Lions baseball team (0-1) came up a bit short, falling to Montevallo University (1-0) by a final score of 7-2.
The Falcons scored in the top of first inning after second baseman Will Fulmer reached base on a fielder's choice and was batted in on an Austin Dubberly single through the right side.
Rick Teasley was able to retire the Falcons in order in the second inning, which sparked the Lions' offense. Daniel Torres and Taed Moses both singled to get the inning going and a Dillon Vitale fielder's choice sent Torres across the plate to tie the game at one.
After tying the game the Lions were unable to shut down the Montevallo offense in the top of the third. The Falcons' three hits in the inning were enough to put three runs onto the board.
Nick Gill led off the bottom of the third by smoking a line drive that ricocheted off pitcher Mike Shreves and went directly to the shortstop for an easy six-to-four putout. It was one of the many well-hit balls on the night that couldn't find a hole. Immediately after, Chris Newcomb doubled down the left field line and eventually scored after going from second to home on an infield hit from Michael Revell.
After a rough first outing from Teasley, the Lions' bullpen threw very decent—giving up just two runs over the remaining five and two thirds innings. Matthew Hewitt hurled a solid 3 2/3 innings of one run baseball while both Brandon Terry and Tyrone Miller tossed one inning of scoreless baseball.
Unfortunately, the Lions weren't able to get much else going offensively. The team totaled 10 hits for the night and many hard hit balls that couldn't find green space, but none strung together in a manner that allowed them to push any more runs across the plate.
"We hit the ball hard and I was pretty happy with our offense," O'Connor said postgame. "I thought we swung the bat well, we hit the ball hard, we lined into two double plays, and it was one of those nights where we actually played pretty well."
Getting the win for Montevallo was Mike Shreves (1-0), and taking the loss for the Lions was Rick Teasley (0-1).
The Lions get back in action tomorrow in the second game of the three-game series with first pitch set for 3:00 p.m.
For more information on the Lions Baseball program, be sure to 'like' them on Facebook, here.
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JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Baptist Health on Thursday announced a $10 million gift from former Jaguars owners Wayne and Delores Weaver.
The donation is the largest gift that Baptist Health has received in its 57-year history. It will go to the health system's endowment, where it will generate perpetual funding for programs in pediatric and adolescent behavioral health, officials said.
The gift continues a partnership that the Weavers established with Baptist Health shortly after they moved to Jacksonville. Throughout the years, they have supported numerous programs at Wolfson Children's Hospital and Baptist Medical Center Jacksonville.
"Mr. and Mrs. Weaver have a unique place in the history of Baptist Health and in our community," said A. Hugh Greene, president and CEO of Baptist Health. "The Weavers' philanthropy has transformed so many lives here at Baptist Health and throughout the region. We are tremendously grateful and honored to receive such an incredible gift from two people who care so deeply for our community."
"Baptist Health has been one of our strategic partners from the moment we arrived in Jacksonville," Wayne Weaver said. "With this gift, we are forming another strategic partnership, which we are certain will strengthen services for children and young adults who are battling behavioral health conditions. We are also hopeful it will launch advocacy efforts to remove the stigma from these conditions so they are looked upon in the same way as any other treatable illness."
Baptist Health will recognize the Weavers' gift with the naming of the new patient tower at its Jacksonville campus, which begins serving patients in December. The J. Wayne and Delores Barr Weaver Tower expands services offered by Baptist Medical Center Jacksonville and Wolfson Children's Hospital within the same structure.
"We will be forever mindful of the Weavers' generosity and their lasting impact on our city and our community," Greene said. "We are delighted that we can demonstrate our appreciation to them in a highly visible and permanent way with the naming of our new patient tower in their honor."
Copyright 2012 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Seminarian Priest James Bozeman Ordained in Diocese of the South
8 February 2012 • Off-campus Event
When Jesus chose his cadre of disciples, he selected them from quite a professional and social mix: fishermen, tax collectors, political zealots. And, just as those early disciples left all to follow him and become Apostles, so it is with our seminarians; coming from diverse professional and educational backgrounds, they answer a call to preach the gospel, and in so doing forever divert the course of their lives.
This past week, 3rd-year seminarian Dn. James Bozeman went from being a musician-carpenter-graphic designer to being a priest in the Orthodox Church of America (OCA). He was ordained by His Grace The Rt. Rev. Mark, bishop of Baltimore, at Holy Ascension Orthodox Church, in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. His Grace The Rt. Rev. Nikon, bishop of Boston, New England, and the Albanian Diocese, and locum tenens of the Diocese of the South, also attended the ordination.
The ordination took place during a Divine Liturgy held in conjunction with the clergy retreat for the Diocese of the South (OCA). Speakers at the retreat included Protopresbyter Thomas Hopko, dean emeritus of St. Vladimir's, and Dr. Albert C. Rossi, adjunct professor of Pastoral Theology at the seminary.
In reflecting upon his new path in life, Fr. James said, "It was awe-inspiring and humbling to stand in the sanctuary among so many people that played such prominent roles in my life and in my becoming Orthodox, some of whom I knew personally and some who will never know how much of an influence they had (and continue to have) on me. After I was ordained, I looked around at this group of men and had to marvel at the goodness of God, who had seen fit to draw this particular group together, at this particular time and place."
The entire seminary community wishes Fr. James and his family, wife Katie and children Alex and Gabriel, many blessed years!


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The steady improvement in the number of fatal injuries in UK workplaces appears to have tailed off, according to data recently-released to the FT by the Health & Safety Executive*.
173 workers were killed on the job in 2011/12, a rate of 0.6 deaths per 100,000 workers.
Taking into account chance variation, the overall trend suggests that death rates have plateaued since 2008 after a decade of downward trend.


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The CFTC's whistleblower program – which was created by the Dodd-Frank Act – allows for the payment of monetary awards to eligible whistleblowers, and provides anti-retaliation protections for whistleblowers who share information with or assist the CFTC.
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Whistleblower Office
1155 21st Street, NW
Washington, DC 20581
Fax: (202) 418-5975
The Commission is soliciting information for the whistleblower program to enable the Commission to determine an individual's eligibility for payment of an award and to investigate and prosecute violations of the Commodity Exchange Act and Commission regulations. The information provided may be disclosed to Federal, state, local, or foreign agencies or other authorities responsible for investigating, prosecuting, enforcing, or implementing laws, rules, or regulations implicated by the information consistent with the confidentiality requirements set forth therein, including pursuant to Section 23 of the Commodity Exchange Act and Part 165 of the Commission's regulations thereunder. The information will be maintained and additional disclosures may be made in accordance System of Records Notices CFTC-49, "Whistleblower Records" (exempted), CFTC-10, "Investigatory Records" (exempted) and CFTC-16, "Enforcement Case Files." Furnishing the information is voluntary. However, if an individual is providing information for the whistleblower program, not providing required information may result in the individual not being eligible for award consideration.


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A DISQUALIFIED driver was seen behind the wheel three times on the same day.
Blackburn Magistrates' Court heard that Umar Firfire had been confused because his solicitor was organising an appeal against his disqualification.
Firfire, 31, of Audley Range, Blackburn, pleaded guilty to three charges of driving while disqualified and three charges of driving without insurance.
He was ordered to do 200 hours of unpaid work.
He was also fined £450 with £100 costs.
He was banned from driving for 12 months.
Aftab Bakhat, defending, said Firfire had now abandoned his appeal in the light of the latest offences.


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Holiday Inn Express & Suites Boston - Cambridge
Smart Card
Holiday Inn Express & Suites Boston - Cambridge
250 Monsignor O'Brien Highway
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141
United States
Check In: 3:00 PM
Check Out: 11:00 AM
Check-in Age: 21
More Details
- Daily Parking: 30 USD
- Public Entrance
- Guest Rooms
- Elevators
- Public Restrooms
- Registration Desk
- Business Center
- Number of Accessible Meeting Rooms: 0
Accessible Hotel Areas
- Registration Area
- Accessible Guest Rooms
- Business Center
Hotel Areas with Accessible Routes from Accessible Public Entrance
- Accessible Self Parking
- Van Accessible Self Parking
- Ramp Access
- Closed Caption TVs
- Telephone with TDD
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Guest Rooms
- Visual Alarm/Alert in Public Spaces
- Communication Kits with Visual Alarms
Provided by Hotel
Pet Policy
- Service Animals Allowed
- Service animals allowed.
- Smoke-Free Facility
- Number of Floors: 7
- Total Number of Rooms: 112
- Number of Suites: 14
- Number of Non-Smoking Rooms: 112
- Number of Accessible Rooms: 7
- Connecting Rooms Available
- Current Renovation: 03-January-2016 To 28-February-2017
- As of 10/24/16, our renovation is set to be all room bathrooms. More may be added, we will update.
- Public Spaces Renovated in: 2012
- Guest Rooms Renovated in: 2012
- English
- Spanish
- Albanian
Credit Cards
- American Express
- Visa
- MasterCard
- Diners Club
- Carte Blanche
- Discover
- Kids ages 19 and under stay for free when sharing their parents' room.*
- Up to four kids ages 12 and under eat free any time of the day in any Holiday Inn® on-site restaurant.*
About Our Hotel
Cambridge, MA Hotel's Located Near Harvard
Distinguished among Cambridge, MA hotels, the Holiday Inn Express® Hotel & Suites Boston - Cambridge offers travelers comfort, convenience and affordability. Just 10 minutes from downtown via the "T", three miles from Boston Logan Airport (BOS) and within minutes of the area's historic sites, universities and business destinations, this hotel's Boston - Cambridge accommodations are certainly the place to "Stay Smart."
Corporate guests find it easy to stay connected thanks to free hotel-wide Wi-Fi access and Business Center resources like fax and copy services. The hotel's proximity to Boston - Cambridge destinations, such as Kendall Square, the Financial district, EF Education First Boston and Massachusetts General Hospital, ensure an easy commute. Also nearby are the BCEC and Hynes convention centers, MIT, Boston University and Harvard University.
This hotel's facility near Harvard Square allows Cambridge, MA leisure guests convenient access to attractions like the Harvard Art Museum. Shoppers love that CambridgeSide Galleria is within walking distance, and sports fans appreciate the hotel's location just minutes from TD Garden, home of the Celtics and the Bruins.
With preferred amenities like a complimentary, hot breakfast and complimentary wifi, this hotel is a great choice for business or pleasure. We hope you "Stay Smart" and plan your trip to this great city today!
- Black-out Shades
- Crib Available
- Iron/Ironing Board
- Separate Hanging Closet
- In-Room Heating and A/C Controls
- Extra Bedding Available
Bathroom/Personal Care
- Private Bathroom
- Bathroom Amenities Available
- Hair Dryer
- Bathtub
- Heated Mirrors
In-Room Features
- Mini Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Coffee Maker
- Tea Maker
- Flat-screen TV
- Work Desk with Lamp
- Desk-level Electrical Outlet
- Free Local Calls
- Cable/Satellite
- Premium Channels
- Stereo/Radio
- Direct-dial Phone
- Two-line Phone
- Phone with Voicemail
- Windows Open by Guest
Added Value
- Connecting Suites Available
- Complimentary Coffee/Tea Supplies
Full Breakfast Included
Breakfast Buffet Included
Continental Breakfast Included
Complimentary Coffee in Lobby
Kids Eat Free
Off-site Restaurant Delivery Available
Business Services
- On-Site Business Center
- Printer
- Copier
- Scanner
- Office supplies available
Internet Access
- Free High-Speed Internet in all Rooms
- Wireless Internet service is free for all IHG® Rewards Club members
Housekeeping & Laundry
- Daily Housekeeping
Added Value
- Language Interpretation
- Wake Up Calls


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COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) -- A new emphasis on Ohio's more than 5,000 cold-case homicides will include the listing of cases on the attorney general's website and help from state crime experts to crack them.
Ohio Attorney General Mike DeWine announced the plan Thursday in Mercer County in western Ohio. Two of the cold cases occurred there, including the 2011 slayings of a 70-year-old man and his 47-year-old daughter who were bound with duct tape and shot.
In addition to listing cold cases on the Ohio Attorney General's website, local authorities can now tap into the expertise of investigators at the Ohio Bureau of Criminal Investigation.
State officials plan symposiums on unsolved homicides around the state next year to educate local law enforcement on the effort.


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WESTERN Sydney Wanderers' bid for a debut-season A-League championship gains credibility every week and it was enhanced even further after the competition's newest club proved too good for its most successful. Tony Popovic's side beat Melbourne Victory in front of more than 21,000 fans at AAMI Park on Saturday night in a game that perfectly illustrated the different ways there are to win a football match
The Victory tried to pass and probe their way through their tough, well-organised and physically intimidating opposition. But the Wanderers were simply too big, too strong, too organised and tactically well structured. Super fit, committed and hard-working, there is nothing magical about the recipe for success they have used this season. But it is highly effective. Teenager Connor Pain gave Victory hope with a 75th-minute goal soon after he came off the bench, reducing the deficit after Shinji Ono had taken advantage of Victory keeper Nathan Coe's fumble to double the visitors' lead three minutes earlier. But it never quite looked as if it would be enough to kick-start a revival.
Western Sydney's blend of toughness, tactical acumen and technique in the end proved too much.
The win - the first loss at home by the Victory all season - lifts Western Sydney into second, five points ahead of Melbourne with five games left.
Once the Wanderers got their noses in front in the 11th minute through Iacopo La Rocca, who fired home when Nikolai Topor-Stanley turned in Ono's free kick, the Victory knew this would be a difficult assignment.
Youssouf Hersi, who has just committed to staying with the Wanderers, has been a stand-out for the A-League new boys and he should have put the game to bed in the 55th minute when he fastened on to Adrian Leijer's under-hit back pass and found himself with only Coe to beat. But the winger put his shot wide. In the end, it didn't matter, and the Wanderers' march continues.


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Place all ingredients in a glass jar and secure the lid. Shake well to mix. Spoon over vegetable or pasta and vegetable salads and toss in a few roasted, unsalted peanuts if desired.
Per serving - 90 calories, 4 gram fat (37% calories from fat), 1 gram protein, 12 gram carbohydrate, 0 gram fiber, 0 milligram cholesterol, 249 milligram sodium


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Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary field that combines biology, psychology and chemistry to investigate how the nervous system generates the complex experience and behavior of humans and other animals while being shaped in turn by the organism's engagement with the environment. Drawing most heavily on the offerings of its home departments of psychology and biology, but with additional courses in chemistry, mathematics, and computer science, the neuroscience major offers excellent preparation for post-graduate education and careers in the interdisciplinary field of neuroscience.
Major requirements
The major consists of at least 14 courses, 4 of which must be at the 300-level or above, including the Senior Seminar in Neuroscience.
Required Courses
PSY 202 Quantitative Research Methods
PSY 225 Brain, Mind and Behavior
PSY 227 Drugs and Behavior
BIO 111 Evolution and Ecology
BIO 112 Cells and Genes
CHEM 153 Chemical Principles
CHEM 253 Organic Chemistry I
MATH 141 Introductory Statistics
or MATH 151 Accelerated Statistics
NEUR 400 Senior Seminar in Neuroscience
Five elective courses and three must be taken at the 300-level.
Two of the following courses in Psychology:
PSY 211 Learning and Memory
PSY 222 Cognition
PSY 226 Comparative Animal Behavior
PSY 230 Psychology of Consciousness
PSY 312 Perception
PSY 361 Behavioral Neuroendocrinology
PSY 367 Cognitive Neuroscience
Two of the following courses in Biology:
BIO 211 Genetics
BIO 219 Cell Biology
BIO 244 Introductory Physiology
BIO 254 Developmental Biology
BIO 255 Vertebrate Evolution and Anatomy
BIO 303 Evolution
BIO 305 Biochemistry
BIO 316 Molecular Biology and Genomics
BIO 324 Neurobiology
One of the following 300-level lab courses:
PSY 337 Practicum in Psychological Research
PSY 341 Laboratory in Behavioral Neuroscience
PSY 343 Laboratory in Cognitive Psychology
PSY 348 Laboratory in Animal Communication and Cognition


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The Cheltonian: QR Code
What's a QR code?
They contain text, and they're great for using on posters, in magazines, on signs, buses, business cards or just about any object. This QR code contains the website address, www.thecheltonian.com, for The Cheltonian: and a user having a camera phone equipped with the correct reader software can scan this image of the QR Code causing the phone's browser to launch and redirect to the programmed URL. Save the image and print it out any way you want.


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Braun, Gomez shots off Kershaw back Gallardo
Brewers tag lefty for rare multi-homer game to snap ace's streak
LOS ANGELES -- Yes, it is possible to defeat the great Clayton Kershaw.
The Brewers did so Saturday at Dodger Stadium, where Ryan Braun and Carlos Gomez hit home runs and Yovani Gallardo outperformed the consensus best pitcher in baseball. Those efforts produced a 3-2 Brewers victory and guaranteed Milwaukee a second series victory in a span of 10 days over National League West-leading Los Angeles.
Kershaw, who had defeated the Brewers at Miller Park a week earlier, saw the end of a career-best 11-game winning streak that spanned 13 starts since May 28.
"The guys that we have in this clubhouse, we look forward to that," said Gallardo of the marquee matchup. "We're very confident right now with the guys that we have."
And why not? The Brewers may be only one game over .500 since the start of May, but their sensational April means they moved Saturday to within a half-game of the Dodgers for the NL's best record while strengthening their hold on the NL Central. The Cardinals (three games back) and Pirates (4 1/2 games back) both fell Saturday.
Kershaw pitched a complete game, but Gallardo's eight innings were better. The Brewers right-hander and Opening Day starter set a season high for innings pitched while holding the Dodgers to one run on six singles, with one walk and three strikeouts.
"I got outpitched," Kershaw said. "Yovani pitched better than I did. I just made some mistakes and they showed up on the scoreboard."
Gallardo made few mistakes, allowing a lone run on Justin Turner's fourth-inning single, and retired the final nine batters he faced from the sixth through the eighth. Gallardo had only thrown 96 pitches when manager Ron Roenicke summoned closer Francisco Rodriguez, who surrendered a Matt Kemp home run in the ninth inning but was able to reclaim the Major League lead with 38 saves. Rodriguez took sole possession of 11th place all-time with career save No. 342 after matching Brewers closer Rollie Fingers the night before.
Roenicke said there was no debate about giving Gallardo a chance for his first complete game this season.
"I thought he threw a great game, and that was good," Roenicke said.
Gallardo, who has worked at least seven innings in four of his last five starts, was on board with the decision to let Rodriguez begin the inning with a clean slate.
"As soon as I came out [after the eighth] I turned it over to Frankie," Gallardo said. "He's been lights-out."
But the Brewers' recent strength has been a starting rotation challenged lately by injuries to Matt Garza and Kyle Lohse that has nonetheless posted a 2.55 ERA in the last 25 games, including 21 quality starts of at least six innings with three or fewer runs.
"I think sometimes we don't get enough credit," Braun said. "We don't necessarily have the name recognition that other teams have, but these guys have been incredible. Not just one through five, but one through seven with Jimmy Nelson and Mike Fiers. All those guys have been so great for us all year, and it's the reason we've won as many games as we have."
The Brewers were hitless against Kershaw before Gomez hit the first pitch of the fourth inning for a double. Brewers catcher Jonathan Lucroy could not advance the runner (he grounded out to shortstop) but Braun did, connecting with a fastball for a home run that just cleared the fence in right-center field. It was Braun's 15th home run this season and came two days after he was left out of the Brewers' starting lineup because of renewed pain from a nerve issue in his right hand.
Two innings later, Gomez struck again -- again on the first pitch. He hit a changeup for a home run that hugged the left-field line.
"No matter who you are, when you're hanging pitches [to] professional hitters, something is going to happen," Gomez said.
Gomez added, "But you see, [Kershaw] completed the game. He's one of those guys who comes at us a fighter. It's not fun to face him. But I'm a guy who gets excited to face one of the best pitchers in the game. I look at myself, like, 'OK, I'm good, too.'"
The Brewers will aim for a three-game sweep Sunday with Wily Peralta aiming for his 15th victory, which would tie Cincinnati's Johnny Cueto for most in the Majors.
"Every game is so important, so significant to us right now," Braun said. "We know that we've got our hands full this last month and a half with three teams behind us who are playing really good baseball."
Adam McCalvy is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Brew Beat, and follow him on Twitter at @AdamMcCalvy. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Generic Name: ceftazidime (sef-TAZ-i-deem)
Brand Name: Examples include Fortaz and Tazicef
Tazicef is used for:
Treating bacterial infections.
Tazicef is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It works by killing sensitive bacteria.
Do NOT use Tazicef if:
- you are allergic to any ingredient in Tazicef or to another cephalosporin (eg, cephalexin)
- you are taking chloramphenicol
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Before using Tazicef:
Some medical conditions may interact with Tazicef. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
- if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding
- if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement
- if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
- if you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, severe rash, hives, difficulty breathing, dizziness) to a penicillin (eg, amoxicillin) or beta-lactam antibiotic (eg, imipenem)
- if you have stomach or bowel problems (eg, inflammation), blood clotting problems, kidney or liver problems, myasthenia gravis, or poor nutrition
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Tazicef. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
- Aminoglycosides (eg, gentamicin) or diuretics (eg, furosemide) because risk of kidney side effects may be increased
- Chloramphenicol because it may decrease Tazicef's effectiveness
- Hormonal birth control (eg, birth control pills) because its effectiveness may be decreased by Tazicef
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Tazicef may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
How to use Tazicef:
Use Tazicef as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
- Tazicef is usually administered as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you are using Tazicef at home, carefully follow the injection procedures taught to you by your health care provider.
- Do not use Tazicef if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.
- To clear up your infection completely, take Tazicef for the full course of treatment. Keep taking it even if you feel better in a few days.
- Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.
- If you miss a dose of Tazicef, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Tazicef.
Important safety information:
- Tazicef may cause dizziness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Tazicef with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.
- Tazicef only works against bacteria; it does not treat viral infections (eg, the common cold).
- Be sure to use Tazicef for the full course of treatment. If you do not, the medicine may not clear up your infection completely. The bacteria could also become less sensitive to this or other medicines. This could make the infection harder to treat in the future.
- Long-term or repeated use of Tazicef may cause a second infection. Tell your doctor if signs of a second infection occur. Your medicine may need to be changed to treat this.
- Contact your doctor right away if stomach pain or cramps, severe diarrhea, or bloody stools occur during treatment or within several months after treatment with Tazicef. Do not treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor.
- Tazicef may reduce the ability of your blood to clot. Avoid activities that may cause bruising or injury. Tell your doctor if you have unusual bruising or bleeding. Tell your doctor if you have dark, tarry, or bloody stools.
- Diabetes patients-Tazicef may cause the results of some tests for urine glucose to be wrong. Ask your doctor before you change your diet or the dose of your diabetes medicine.
- Hormonal birth control (eg, birth control pills) may not work as well while you are using Tazicef. To prevent pregnancy, use an extra form of birth control (eg, condoms).
- Tazicef may affect certain lab test results. Make sure your doctor and lab personnel know you are using Tazicef.
- Lab tests, including kidney or liver tests or blood cell counts, may be performed while you use Tazicef. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.
- Use Tazicef with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects.
- Use Tazicef with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 10 years old who have diarrhea or an infection of the stomach or bowel.
- PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using this while you are pregnant. Tazicef is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Tazicef, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.
Possible side effects of Tazicef:
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:
Diarrhea; headache; nausea; numbness or tingling of skin; stomach pain; vomiting.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); abnormal muscle movements; bloody stools; decreased urination; fever; hoarseness; pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site; red, swollen, or blistered skin; seizures; severe diarrhea; severe nausea or vomiting; severe stomach pain/cramps; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness; vaginal irritation or discharge; vein inflammation; white patches in the mouth; yellowing of the skin or eyes.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
If OVERDOSE is suspected:
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center ( http://www.aapcc.org), or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness; muscle spasms; seizures.Proper storage of Tazicef:
Tazicef is usually handled and stored by a health care provider. If you are using Tazicef at home, store Tazicef as directed by your pharmacist or health care provider. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Tazicef out of the reach of children and away from pets.
General information:
- If you have any questions about Tazicef, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
- Tazicef is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.
- If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.
- Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.
This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take Tazicef or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about Tazicef. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to Tazicef. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using Tazicef.
Disclaimer: This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this medicine or any other medicine. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to decide which medicines are right for you. This information does not endorse any medicine as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this medicine. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this medicine. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You must talk with your healthcare provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this medicine.
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- Press Releases
- Unifying voices to prevent sexual abuse
Unifying voices to prevent sexual abuse
Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers
4900 S.W. Griffith Drive, Suite 274, Beaverton, OR 97005 (503) 643-1023 www.atsa.com
National Sexual Violence Resource Center
123 North Enola Drive, Enola, PA 17025 (877) 739-3895 www.nsvrc.org
June 5, 2012
All eyes are on Pennsylvania where Jerry Sandusky's trial is underway in Bellefonte. The former Penn State football coach is charged with 52 counts of sexual abuse involving 10 boys over 15 years. As the world watches the case unfold, these allegations bring attention to what we all can do to stop and prevent child sexual abuse.
Our two organizations, working with both victims and abusers, recognize that discussions about sexual violence can be very difficult. Oftentimes, high-profile cases are the only ones that garner this level of media coverage, but in reality sexual abuse is widespread. Sexual violence happens every day, in families, communities, workplaces and schools. Adult survivors of child sexual abuse often talk about how alone they felt and many people who have sexually abused say they count on that isolation to keep their crimes secret. In most cases, those who abuse are never arrested, because more than 80% of the cases of child sexual abuse are not reported to police.[1]
Every day, sexual violence impacts thousands of children, teens and adults. In fact in the U.S., nearly 20 percent of the population has experienced some form of sexual assault during their lives.2 In addition, this abuse can occur at a young age; one in four girls and one in six boys will be sexually abused before they turn 18 years old.3 In eight out of 10 cases, the victim knows the person who is assaulting them.4 In the majority of cases, it is someone the victim trusts and respects.
We are committed to ensuring that adequate support systems are in place for every victim of sexual abuse, whether they report the crime or not; and that those who do are not further traumatized in their efforts to pursue justice. We are also working hard to ensure that effective treatment is available for individuals who perpetrate sexual abuse; and these individuals are held appropriately accountable to those they have harmed. As we develop programs that support people through the healing and treatment processes, we are also obligated to invest our collective efforts towards using what we have learned to prevent sexual abuse and keep our communities and children safe.
Everyone has a role in preventing sexual violence. Every adult is in the position to protect children. It's time to get involved. We can begin conversations with organizations working with children and youth about things they are doing to promote safety and how we can help. We can ask whether our church, synagogue, schools or local YMCA have policies in place to protect children. We can ask if staff and volunteers at these organizations are aware of these policies. And we can ask if everyone within the organization knows how to implement these policies on a day-to-day basis.
Most importantly, we need to learn to trust our instincts. If you see or hear something that doesn't seem right, speak up and ask questions. Listen to the children in your life and keep the lines of communication open. Pay attention to any behavior changes. By having honest, age-appropriate conversations with children and teens, they'll know they can talk to you any time. Talking with the adults around us – parents, guardians, professionals working with youth and other adults in the community – about this issue will ensure that we all are more comfortable discussing the issue, responding to someone who may have questions, or listening and knowing what to do when a child or teen discloses sexual abuse.
Let's use the spotlight of the Sandusky trial as a rallying point to ACT. We don't have to wait. Talking about sexual abuse in your community or closer to home, or ways that you have been affected by sexual abuse is a way to model that it is OK to talk about it – it is OK to ask questions. If you work with an organization or your child is a part of an organization, ask them what they are doing to make it a safer place. And if you don't know much about the topic, take the time to learn more. Together we can make a difference and make our communities safer for children and teens. Please make your voice heard, join with us to prevent sexual violence.
For more information or resources, visit the National Sexual Violence Resource Center at www.nsvrc.org and the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers at www.atsa.com.
1 London, K., Bruck, M., Ceri, S. J., & Shuman, D. W. (2005). Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11(1), 194-226. doi:10.1037/1076-89220.127.116.11
2 Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women. Retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice: www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/183781.pdf
3 Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect 14, 19-28. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90077-7
4 Miller, T. R., Cohen, M. A., & Wiersema, B. (1996). Victim costs and consequences: A new look (NCJ 155282). Retrieved from the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/victcost.pdf


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Humboldt County News
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Thursday, January 02, 2014 4:00 PM
Through Jan. 5
Memorial Pool closure
Memorial Pool will close for maintenance and the Christmas holiday beginning Tuesday, Dec. 24. It will tentatively reopen Monday, Jan. 6 with regular hours.
Through Jan. 15
Recycle your Christmas tree
Recycle your Christmas tree at the Winnemucca Community Garden. Drop off your tree (décor-free) inside the west gate of the garden anytime. A suggested donation of $2 is requested, and a box is provided. The trees will be chipped into mulch for the garden. The Community Garden is located at 151 W. McArthur Ave. For more information call the garden office at 623-2333 or e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Through March 11
Art Exhibit at the Humboldt County Library
Nevada's Traveling Initiative and Nevada Arts Council brings 'Words + Images: Broadsides from the Black Rock Press' to the Humboldt County Library through March 11th. Featuring 34 illustrated and non-illustrated broadsides produced at the University of Nevada, Reno's Black Rock Press using the letterpress process with handset type and relief plates.
Jan. 4
Rollerskating at the Fairgrounds
Jan. 4 the Winnemucca Recreation Dept. will sponsor rollerskating in Kirk Day Hall at the Winnemucca Events Complex. Skating is 10 a.m. - 2 p.m. and is $1 per child. Skaters less than 5 yearss old must have a parent in the building while they skate. Skateboards are allowed. Skaters must provide their own skates. For additional information, call the Rec. Dept. at 623-6325.
Jan. 7
Retired Public Employees of Nevada meets at 1 p.m. at the Humboldt County Senior Center. Officers of Northern Tri-County and Membership Drive on the agenda.
Jan. 8
5th-6th Grade Book Club
5th-6th Grade Book Club at the Humboldt County Library at 3:30. Come and read the novel "My Side of the Mountain" and make a craft. For more information please call 623-6388.
Diabetes Support Group
5:30 p.m. - Do you live with diabetes? Are you at risk for being diagnosed with diabetes? Are you a caretaker of someone with diabetes, or would you like to learn more about how to prevent this disease? Please join us from 5:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. in Humboldt General Hospital's Sonoma Conference Room as we focus on the challenges and successes of living with diabetes. This month the group will discuss "Healthy Resolutions." Facilitated by HGH Wellness Coordinator Louis Mendiola and HGH Director of Nutrition and Dietary Services Tiffani Nalivka. All ages are welcome; there is no charge to attend. For more information, please call Humboldt General Hospital at 623-5222, ext. 1740.
Jan. 9
K-2nd Grade Book Club
K-2nd Grade Book Club at the Humboldt County Library at 3:30 p.m. Come and read book "Are You My Mother" and make a craft. For more information please call 623-6388.
Lost and Found OA
An Overeaters meeting is held each Friday at Humboldt General Hospital in Sara Winnemucca Room B from 6 - 7 p.m. For more information call (775) 445-9735.
Free Blood Pressure Clinic
Every other Friday, 10:30 a.m. - Representatives from EMS Rescue will be a the Winnemucca Senior Center, 1480 Lay St., to perform free blood pressure checks.
Seventh Day Adventist Church
Each Saturday, 9:30 a.m. - Worship at the Winnemucca Seventh Day Adventist Church, 5130 Palisade Dr. Bible study and children's Sabbath school at 9:30 a.m., 11 a.m. worship hour.
Super Saturday Stories
Come to the Humboldt County Library children's department for Super Saturday Stories for all ages. For more information call 623-6388.
Lost and Found AA & NA Meeting
Lost and Found AA & NA Meeting - Mondays and Saturdays at Humboldt General Hospital (Sara Winnemucca Room B), from 6:30 - 7:45 p.m. These meetings are open and non-smoking. Coffee and raffle at each meeting, With enough attendance hot dogs will be served. For more information call (410) 617-3629.
Rockhound group
First Saturday, 9 a.m. - The Winnemucca Rockhound group meets at the Humboldt County Library. Come for a lively discussion about rockhounding in our area. For more information call 623-6841.
American Legion
Auxiliary, Unit 5
First Saturday, 10 a.m. - The American Legion Auxiliary meets on the first Saturday of each month (except July, August and January), at the Veteran's Hall on Bengochea Circle. The dues are $20 a year. For further information you can call Anita Paquette (Unit 5 president) at 623-2472.
Women at the Well
Second Saturday, 1 p.m. - 3 p.m. - Ladies please join us at "Women at the Well," an interfaith gathering of women for a pot-luck luncheon, quilting and fellowship. It is held the second Saturday of each month at First Baptist Church on 5th Street. Please join us!
Worship at Grace Baptist Church
Each Sunday - Grace Baptist Church holds 10:30 a.m. Bible training and 11 a.m. Morning Worship. Join us in fellowship and edification. We sing the traditional hymns and preach God's Word. Our desire is to glorify God and grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Held in the Veteran's Hall on Bengochea Circle in Sage Heights between Poke N' Peek and Sonoma Industries thrift stores. Pastor Dave Schaaf 625-1117.
Worship at Winnemucca United Methodist Church
Each Sunday - The United Methodist Church, 138 W. Winnemucca Blvd., invites everyone to adult and youth Sunday School each Sunday at 9 a.m.; pre-k through 6th grade Sunday School, the second and fourth Sunday at 11:30 a.m.; worship services at 10 a.m. For more information call 623-2814; office hours are Monday - Friday from 9:30 a.m. - 11:30 a.m.
Worship at Word of Light Fellowship Assembly of God
Each Sunday, Sunday school 9:15 a.m. - 10:15 a.m.; Sunday morning worship 10:30 a.m. The church is located at 4505 E. Center St. For more information call Pastor Nathaniel Rhoads, 623-3322.
Worship at Winnemucca Christian Fellowship
Each Sunday, Sunday School at 9:15 a.m.; worship service at 10:30 a.m. and 6 p.m. For more information call Pastor Mark at 623-5431. The church is located at 4380 Grass Valley Road.
Worship at Sonoma Baptist Church
Each Sunday, 10:15 a.m. - The Sonoma Baptist Church meets at 5970 Muddy Road (corner of Muddy Road and Grass Valley Road). Sunday School begins at 9 a.m. For more information call 623-3434.
Worship at First Baptist Church
Each Sunday at First Baptist Church, Fifth Street and Garrison. Come join us in fellowship, where you are only a stranger once. Adult and Children's Sunday schools at 9:45 a.m.; morning worship service 11 a.m. Evening worship service at 6:30 p.m. For information or bus service, please call 623-2085.
Worship at Lighthouse Baptist Church
Each Sunday at Lighthouse Baptist Church, 226 E. Fourth St, Sunday school for all ages at 10 a.m.; worship service for all ages at 11 a.m. For more information call 623-6786.
Worship at Christlife Family Ministries
Each Sunday - Christlife Family Ministries, formerly located at 16 E. Second St., will be temporarily relocated to the Seventh Day Adventist Church, 5130 E. Palisade Dr. Service schedule: Youth services Sunday 9:30 a.m.; Worship and Word at 10 a.m. Christlife Family Ministries is a non-denominational Spirit-filled, loving body of believers desiring to be a reflection of the Christ who saves us and redeems us by His grace. For more information, call Pastor Allen at 421-1699; Pastor Lee at 304-3430 or Pastor Daryl at (559) 269-5464.
Grass Valley Baptist Church
Every Sunday - Grass Valley Baptist Church holds Sunday School and worship beginning at 9 a.m. and 10:45 a.m,. All are welcome to join us at 4150 W. Thomas Canyon Rd. If you have questions please call the GVBC office at 623-5714 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
newLIFE Christian Center Sunday Celebration
Each Sunday, 9 a.m. - The newLIFE Christian Center holds a Sunday celebration at 1350 Melarkey St. including Children's Ministry. For more information contact Eric Chapman at 625-4300.
Church of Christ
We are a Bible-centered, unified family of believers called to an ever-deepening relationship with Christ. We will pursue Christ through study, prayer, and fellowship. We recognize that we are sent to the larger community surrounding us to plant the seed of the Gospel and to demonstrate God's love and Christ's Life. For meeting time and location call Don at (775) 304-8313 or 623-3135.
Soup Kitchen
Each Sunday, 6 p.m. - The Winnemucca Ministerial Association sponsors a hot meal at the soup kitchen in the basement of the United Methodist Church on Winnemucca Boulevard. All needy persons are welcome.
Calvary Chapel
Located at 215 Aiken St., Calvary Chapel offers Sunday services at 8 a.m. and 10 a.m. with Sunday school for individual age groups. The nursery is available for children up to age three. Come and study the word of God with us by chapter and verse. Call 623-5544 fo more information, or visit www.calvarychapel.org.
Rainbow Girls
First & third Sundays, 2 p.m. - Winnemucca Assembly #10, Int. Order of Rainbow for Girls meets at the Masonic Temple, 5th & Baud streets. For info, call Samantha Draper at 421-7908 or America Gillespie at 623-1129.
Ministerial Association meeting
Second Sunday, 6 p.m. - The Winnemucca Ministerial Association meets at the Methodist Church, 138 W. Winnemucca Blvd. in the meeting room. Public and soup kitchen volunteers are welcome. For more information call 623-4447.
- Thrift Stores-
Winnemucca Food Bank Thrift Store
Location: 150 S. Bridge St. Hours: Monday, Wednesday and Friday 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. Benefits: the needy of our community. For more information or to arrange a pickup, call 625-2223.
Frugal Flamingo Thrift Shop
Location: 740 E. 4th St. (Former Miller Antiques Building) Hours: Tuesday - Saturday 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. Benefits: Humboldt Volunteer Hospice.
Poke 'n' Peek Thrift Shop
Location: Sage Heights. Hours: Wednesday, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.; Friday and Saturday, noon - 4 p.m. Benefits: Humboldt General Hospital Auxiliary.
Sonoma Industries Thrift Shop
Location: 3280 Bengochea Circle in the Sage Heights area, just below the animal shelter. Hours: Monday - Friday 8:30 a.m. - 3:15 p.m., and Saturday 11 a.m. - 4 p.m. Benefits: Certified vocational training facility for developmentally challenged adults.
- Ongoing -
RAA Fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous
RAA Fellowshiop of Alcoholics Anonymous holds "Big Book Sunday" meetings at 2 p.m. each Sunday. Each Monday at 6:30 p.m. is the "12 Traditions" meeting. Both meetings held at 267 Pacific, off Hwy 95. For more information call 623-9371.
Spaces available at Zion Lutheran Preschool, Pre-Kindergarten and Child Care
Zion Lutheran Preschool located at 3205 N. Highland Drive, has openings in our morning Preschool (three-year-old class) and afternoon Pre-Kindergarten (4-year-old classes) for the 2013-2014 school year. Tuition assistance may be available for families that qualify. There are also openings for Zion Lutheran Child Care, available for children 6 a.m. - 6 p.m. For registration information, call our Office at 623-3796 and talk to Patsy Sorenson, our Office Manager, or Elizabeth Dyches, our Director.
Alcoholics Anonymous
Alcoholics Anonymous meetings are held from noon - 1 p.m. and 6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m., seven days per week at 267 Pacific Ave. For more information, call (775) 355-1151.
Local Special Olympics chapter
A chapter of Special Olympics for children ages 8 - 22 is now available in Winnemucca. The group bowls in the fall school year and then will be doing track in the spring. Your athlete may choose to compete in one or all of the sports available. You do not need to be a student in the Humboldt County School District to participate. For more information please contact Leslie Molina at 623-0935 or email@example.com.
Friends of Nevada Wilderness
Friends of Nevada Wilderness is a non-profit organization that has been protecting and preserving wild lands in Nevada for 27 years through stewardship projects. We need volunteers this field season in the Santa Rosa Ranger District! Join our efforts at www.nevadawilderness.org.
ESL classes at GBC
Free adult English as a Second Language classes are currently being offered at the Great Basin College Adult Learning Center, 5490 Kluncy Canyon Road, Winnemucca. Classes cover speaking, writing and speaking for all levels, as well as basic computers for beginners. Students can also learn about the U.S. Government. Classes are Monday - Thursday morning from 8:30 a.m. - noon and Monday and Wednesday evening from 5:30 - 8:30- p.m. For more information, please call 623-1811 or stop by during open hours.
Narcotics Anonymous
Before 1953, an addict had three possible outcomes: Jails, institutions or death. Then we provided the fourth option - recovery. Narcotics Anonymous is here. There are no dues or fees for membership and we are fully self-supporting through our own contributions. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop using. For more information call toll free (888) 850-2205, or (775) 322-4811 or visit our Web site at www.sierrasagena.org. If you work with our program you will never have to use again.
Need a ride? RSVP can help
The RSVP Door to Door Transportation can help seniors and disabled persons over 18 years get around. Friendly, courteous drivers can take you to medical or other essential appointments, to visit friends, family, the senior center or other destinations. This service is free, but donations are gratefully accepted. Give RSVP a call about the transportation options available in the Winnemucca area. Call Brian Nelson at (775) 304-0757.
Fall/Winter hours for Memorial Pool
Fall/Winter hours for Bode Howard Memorial Pool are now in effect. Monday, Wednesday and Friday: lap swim from 5:30 - 7 a.m.; Aquacize 8 - 9 a.m.; lap swim noon - 1 p.m.; lap swim 5 - 6 p.m. Tuesday and Thursday: lap swim 5:30 - 7 a.m.; lap swim noon - 1 p.m.; public swim 5 - 7 p.m.; Saturdays: public swim noon - 3 p.m.; closed Sundays.
Winnemucca Civic Chorus
Practices most Thursdays from 7-9 p.m., September - June in the French Ford Middle School Band Portable. If you enjoy music please join us! Questions: email email@example.com
Zion Zone Youth Center
3 p.m. - 6 p.m. weekdays - Zion Zone Youth Center is a free, non-profit, after school and summer program for the community youth. We provide a quality recreational enrichment program for youth ages 9 to 16 years old that need a safe, supervised environment after school and during the summer. Zion Zone Kids operates according to the Humboldt County School District schedule. Daily devotion and positive action lessons on why we don't smoke, drink alcohol or use any illicit drugs. Snacks, crafts and organized group games are provided in the afternoons and homework assistance is available during the educational period. Zion Zone Kids are friendly, and we have qualified staff members who aim to develop the self-esteem of all participants in a positive environment. Located at 3205 N. Highland Drive, Winnemucca. For additional information contact us at 623-3393 or 623-3796.
Volunteer for RSVP
RSVP - Serving Humboldt County Seniors with free help so they can remain independent and secure in their homes. The free help includes transportation, shopping for and running errands, phone tree, home companion visits, respite, exercise programs and more. Call Brian Nelson at 304-0757 to sign up for help/or for information to become a volunteer with reimbursed mileage. Ask about our paid respite volunteer program.
Respite Care
When caregivers need a "personal time" break from their loved ones, a Respite Care Worker can fill in for them. Caregiving can be exhausting, not allowing the caregiver to go to the doctor, visit a friend, doing some personal shopping or even go in the other room to kick back. Respite care can help. The service is free and our workers have security clearance and have been trained. RSVP workers can provide transportation and in-home companionship. They do not provide other homekeeping or health services. If you'd like to make use of our service, or learn more about it, call our RSVP Field Representative Brian Nelson at 304-0757. Respite is a service of Retired Senior Volunteer Program - RSVP.
Adult Education Center at JOIN
Earn a GED or an Adult High School Diploma with an individualized study plan through JOIN, 705 E. Fourth St. Hours of operation: 8 a.m. - 5 p.m., Monday - Friday. Phone 623-6218 for an appointment.
Food Bank
The Food Bank is open Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 9 a.m. - 4 p.m. The bank is located at 150 S. Bridge St. in Winnemucca.
Fallon Naval Sea Cadets
Fallon Naval Sea Cadets is a non-profit youth program designed to educate youth from ages 11-17 about the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. Education includes military bearing, marching, physical training, courtesy, responsibility, and much more. Many opportunities are available for advanced training. Meetings are one weekend a month at the Naval Air Station in Fallon. Volunteers, both ex-military and civilian are needed for instructors and chaperones. For information on joining the Cadets or to volunteer, please call (775) 761-6193.
Free resistance exercise class
Each Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 10 a.m. a resistance exercise class is held at the Humboldt County Senior Center. Resistance exercise is a program designed for seniors proven to increase balance and strength using weights. There is no beginning or advanced level. All equipment including the weights is provided. Come join our group for a fun and healthy hour of toning and strengthening. Sponsored by the Pleasant Center and RSVP.
Contact Food Bank of Northern Nevada for SNAP benefits
The Food Bank of Northern Nevada has a toll free number to help clients apply for SNAP benefits (formerly known as Food Stamps). The phone number is 1-888-304-SNAP (7627) and will be operational from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday.
Great Basin Offroaders
4x4 fun with the Great Basin Offroaders. Meet great people who enjoy family wheelin' in the great outdoors. All 4x4's welcome. If interested call Kevin Sauers at 625-1529 or Tim Lambert at 625-2996.
Veterans Guest House available
The Reno Veterans Guest House is located at 880 Locust St. Accommodations and the comforts of home for US Military Service Veterans and their families during times of medical need. For more information visit them online at www.veteransguesthouse.org, or call (775) 324-6958.
Serenity Seekers AA
Want to stop drinking? We can help! Serenity Seekers AA Fellowship daily meetings at 530 Melarkey, Ste. 219. Call for meeting times, (775) 621-8622. There is literature outside the Room 219 door as well.
Church of the Good Shepherd Food Bank
The Church of the Good Shepherd Food Bank currently has donated food available for those in need. Pastor D.W. Hutson asks that you call ahead to pick up the items from the church, located at 16500 State Route 400 in Unionville. The church accepts food and clothing donations to give away to those in need. For more information call (775) 538-7570.
1st Way Pregnancy Center
1st Way Pregnancy Center is located in the 3R Building at 630 Melarkey St. Free pregnancy tests, prenatal vitamins, confidential counseling and community referrals. Information on fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and smoking cessation programs. If you think you are pregnant, please do not use any alcohol or tobacco products. Staffed by dedicated volunteers. Supported by the local community. Pregnancy tests by appointment. Visit the Baby Boutique where all items are free of charge. Volunteers are always appreciated. Phone 625-BABY. The national crisis number is (800) 648-5683.
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