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PHILADELPHIA – Penn's men's and women's squash teams make their first-ever trip down 33rd street on Wednesday when the Quakers visit neighboring Drexel at the Kline and Specter Squash Courts. The women will begin at 5 p.m. and the men will follow at 6 p.m.
This will be the first meeting all-time for the two women's programs – Drexel beginning just its second year of varsity competition. The No. 5 Quakers (2-0) come into the match on a high after dominating Bates and George Washington in Washington, D.C. on Nov. 17, winning every single match in straight sets against both opponents for matching 9-0 wins. They will face a Drexel team ranked No. 23 after beginning the season ranked 32nd. The Dragons' (1-2) most recent match was a Nov. 18 loss to No. 4 Princeton, 9-0, when the Tigers swept each match in straight sets. Prior to that, Drexel defeated Connecticut College, 8-1, on Nov. 17.
The men get started at 6 p.m. against a second-year Drexel team it swept, 9-0, at the Ringe Courts last Nov. 30 in the first meeting all-time between the two programs. The No. 14 Quakers (1-1) come in after a season opening split on Nov. 17 in Washington, D.C. Penn took down Bates in a close match, 5-4, but fell to host George Washington, 5-4. The Red and Blue, led by senior captain Danny Greenberg, will look to get back in the win column against the No. 24 Dragons. The Drexel men (1-2) head into the match much like the women, dominating a 9-0 win over Connecticut, but defeated by defending national champion and current No. 1 Princeton, 9-0.

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HOUSTON - Two pit bulls killed two small dogs in a northwest Harris County back yard and house.
Deputies said the pit bulls forced their way through a fence at a home on Tumbling Rapids Drive and Hickory Downs Tuesday at 8:30 p.m. The pit bulls killed one pet on a back porch. They then chased a second dog into the house using a doggie door, investigators said.
The owner came home and found his second dog in the house, and took it to a vet for treatment. It died a few hours later.
Deputies put the two pit bulls in crates and handed them off to animal control officers. Their owners are not known.
A woman who lived behind the house said she found the pit bulls running loose and put them in her yard while she called animal control. She said the dogs escaped to the neighboring house.
Copyright 2012 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Air Force Airman Shane A. Collier graduated from basic military training at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.
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Airmen who complete basic training earn four credits toward an associate applied science degree through the Community College of the Air Force.
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ASUS Maximus V Gene vs. Gigabyte G1.Sniper M3 Reviewby Ian Cutress on 5/13/2013 10:00 AM EST
- Posted in
- Gigabyte
- Motherboards
- Asus
- MicroATX
31 Comments
Back to Article
Ristogod - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkThe Title of the article indicates you are comparing the G1.Sniper 3. Instead you use the G1.Sniper M3 in the review. Reply
IanCutress - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkThanks :) I've had the Sniper 3 on the brain. Though several pairs of eyes have read through and all missed the title.
Ian Reply
A5 - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI wish manufacturers were more willing to send you cheaper mATX boards.
Neither of these boards really feel like a good value compared to cheaper things in the same companies' lines. I guess the ROG makes some sense if you really need the wi-fi card + SLI/XFire (which loses you the Intel NIC as a useful feature...), but still. Reply
IanCutress - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkIt is something I am changing with Haswell. After initial launch reviews, I want to look at mATX. I've let the manufacturers know. That means gaming models and the cheaper end of the spectrum, perhaps in a couple of roundups focusing on price points or individually if people prefer the reviews that way.
Ian Reply
A5 - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI personally like round-ups better due to the fact that they make the writer make explicit comparisons, but I understand that they're way more work for you :P
Either way I'll probably upgrade before it would be published, but I appreciate the idea of increasing coverage in that segment. Reply
DanNeely - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI'm probably going to hold off until the USB3 fix refresh is out; so I should be able to read all the initial wave reviews before opening my wallet. My main box is going to be high OCed and water cooled; so I assume the boards I'm interested in will be in the initial flagship/near flagship review wave. Reply
MrSpadge - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkAgreed - at these prices I wouldn't consider such mainboards at all. Reply
just4U - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkA5, I don't see them as a good value compared to cheaper boards in the same company. My view has always been (with gaming matx) they are a great value when compared to more expensive boards in the same company. They pack a lot into these little boards /w features typically only seen in their highest end offerings. Reply
GeorgeH - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI had the Gene for about a week before replacing it. It was an awesome board, I just couldn't stand the coil whine. Sample size of 1, though, so did you notice any whine with your review sample? Reply
IanCutress - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkNo coil whine on my sample. I notice that some motherboards cause my testing PSUs to whine every now and again, especially in multi-GPU setups on gaming tests, but I can't say I had any with the Gene.
Ian Reply
Termie - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkIan - thanks for another enthusiast-class review!
I've had the MVG since last summer and absolutely love it. But you give it too much credit in one regard - it doesn't have built-in wireless. I did a double-take when I saw you mention that not once, but twice, and went straight to the Asus website: http://www.asus.com/ROG_ROG/MAXIMUS_V_GENE/#specif...
I even read the instruction manual, and sure enough it says the wireless card is sold separately. So, unless it's been updated recently, the wireless mPCIe card does not come with the MVG. Reply
IanCutress - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkThanks, though it seems I had a complete brain fart on my end. Up until this point I had always assumed that any ASUS board with an mPCIe Combo Card comes with the WiFi module - the giveaway should have been the lack of WiFi antenna in the box. Typically there's no need for me to install the mPCIe card for every motherboard I test (and I clearly didn't here), though it will become necessary when I've finished updating our WiFi testing scenario. That is a bit disappointing to not come with the WiFi card, though I still stand by my recommendation.
Ian Reply
Termie - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkBy the way, two minor typos. On the gaming page, you say "rather ubiquitous to lane counts", but I think you mean ambivalent. Also, the POST graph refers to the MVG as the Maximus V Formula.
Great job overall - you're really able to dig deep to illustrate the fairly significant differences between motherboards. Reply
lmcd - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkOn the wireless card -- is it mPCI-e AND mSATA, or mPCI-e OR mSATA?
As in, are there places for two expansions there? I'm guessing no but hoping otherwise... Reply
philipma1957 - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkjust one or the other I own both of these boards. I use the mSata on the asus as my boot drive Reply
DalekDoc - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI thought the PCIe layout on the G1.Sniper M3 made sense. This is the only matx board I've seen in which you can dual-gpu + sound card/other add-on PCIe card.
The layout on the Gene and most other matx boards means you're blocking the 4rd PCIe if you go dual gpu as most gpus are dual slot nowadays.. Reply
philipma1957 - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkthe gigabyte is far better to run two hd7970's on air cooling due to the better spacing of the slots. the gigabyte is better for two hot cards.
the asus msata is nice very stable I do not think it is worth the extra 30 bucks. I rather have 2 of the gigabytes then one of each. which is what I have one each. Reply
JDG1980 - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI know it's a longshot, but any chance we will see reviews of LGA 1155 workstation boards? Personally, if I'm going to pay $200+ for a motherboard, I'd rather have rock-solid stability (with ECC) instead of flashy gamer stuff, but I know I'm in a minority here. I'd like to see reviews of the Asus P8C-WS and Supermicro X9SAE-V; both are C216-based boards which give most of the usual desktop features (integrated sound, lots of USB ports/headers, and multiple PCIex16 slots) while supporting Xeon CPUs and ECC RAM. Reply
Tros - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI had to double-check. Did the MVG fail at 47x multiplier, or was that just lazy-cropping into png? Reply
Hrel - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI wish you guys did more motherboards under 150. That's my cap and honestly I haven't seen a reason to even get near that, 130 is the most I've ever actually spent; for features I didn't need. 125 is the sweet spot for me; but 150 is a hard cap, soft cap is 130. 200 is just insane. Reply
cmdrdredd - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkFor overclocking and enthusiast oriented boards you get what you pay for. This review wasn't supposed to be catered to budget builders at all. Reply
takeship - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI built with first the Asus Gene V, and then the M3 Sniper, all in the last 9 months. Biggest difference: the pci & fan header layout on the Gigabyte made more sense, vs transiting nearly the length of the board with the 3rd Asus fan header. Makes a mess of routing. Headers all along the edges, and the lower (none-blocking) location of the second x8 pcie were a big plus. Not to mention the larger CPU socket area. I seem to recall the Gigabyte had a better fan control setup as well, though I could be wrong (and anyways the 3D UEFI is not good). Top it off with the fact that the Gigabyte was on sale for $140 when I picked it up, far below the $205 I paid for the Asus. I love my Asus board, but I would recommend the Gigabyte over it in an instant. Reply
Samus - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkYikes, lost me at Creative Labs... Reply
chedrz - Monday, May 13, 2013 - linkI love my Sniper M3. It's rock-solid, stable, hasn't given me any sort of problem. I guess that makes it the exact opposite of every ASUS board I've ever owned. I was a little worried about the Creative sound also, but I fortunately have a Xonar D2X that I've been using. This board's a champ. Reply
jrs77 - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkI'd wish that GA or ASUS release some high-end, but stripped motherboards where there's only the absolute minimum of components on them.
Take sound for example. An $30 USB-DAC will beat any onboard-sound solution easily, and noone really needs anything else then the PEG-slots either.
The mass of USB- and SATA-ports is a waste of efforts aswell, as you usually have a single SSD + HDD, mouse, keyboard, USB-DAC and the front-USB ports for your camera etc.
Less is more, and less components result in less errors. Additionally, less components result in less board-temperature and cleaner routing.
Will never happen unfortunately :/ Reply
Rick83 - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkThe X58-OC did happen. It was apparently a complete failure, judging by how often in featured in giveaways.
It may have been pared back a bit too much though, with only two USB ports on the back, IIRC. Of course, you can use an external hub for mice and keyboards, so that won't matter.
But given how it went the first time around, I doubt that anyone else is going to try that any time soon again.
Also, I think you're oversimplifying. PCI cards still exist, and plenty of people have one that they'd rather use in their new machine. Network cards, sound cards, that kind of thing. Why buy new, when you have a card that works perfectly well?
Also, I am currently using every one of the MIVG's rear USB outputs, AND two USB hubs.
Charging mini and micro USB, managing screens, two keyboards, a mouse, an IR receiver, a Joystick, a floppy drive, a camera - I don't think paring back on USB is an option, as I don't even have a printer, scanner, modem or DAC/ADC attached. I'm also using 4 SATA ports, for two SSDs, a hotswap bay and an optical drive. Going down to two is very limiting, given how many disks are supported by almost all cases.
Considering that you want to market to the masses in order to recoup your investment, as a mainboard maker, I doubt anyone is going to cut features (even features that are there anyway, due to the platform) only to make an expensive board, with no option for expansion.
And as for onboard sound: It's plenty good to attach a microphone, and the optical outs are also usually just dandy. Saves a USB port for other devices than a USB-DAC. Reply
JDG1980 - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkCheck out the Asus P8B-X. Reply
Rick83 - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkI still don't get, why GigaByte perpetually insists on adding VGA D-Sub headers to the I/O-Panel. That interface is so obsolete, it's a complete joke, and cutting back on USB 2 headers is the result. DP and HDMI are nice to have, there's a case for DVI, in case you want to dual-screen, but VGA is just not used anymore. Even budget TFTs should be coming with only digital inputs by now.
It's interesting to see, that the Creative solution is clearly targeted at 48kHz usage, with results getting worse, at higher sampling rates.
When the M3 first was announced, I was excited, because finally there was a rival to the Gene series. But this first iteration is (spec-wise and price-wise) simply not in the same league.
The placement of the second x8 PCIe is the only thing that's good about it, as you probably won't run two big GPUs in a micro-ATX case, hence by putting it down there, the option remains for big cases, and in small cases there's more PCIe bandwidth available.
The downside is, that you cannot install a big card in the second PCIe, if a combination of large coolers blocks the first PCIe slot. Reply
Ilias78 - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkAlways the same story with Ian: Loves Asus motherboards, while dissing every other brand... Reply
just4U - Tuesday, May 14, 2013 - linkCurrently the M3 is my board of choice. I pick it over the Asus variant every time (if in stock) It's $50 cheaper than the Maximus V Gene (here in Calgary) and I like the fact that they didn't cheap out on the sound option yet still include the Intel Nic. It hits in all the right areas. Reply
Speedgod66 - Thursday, May 16, 2013 - linkas an owner of the g1 sniper m3 I have to say some of your comments are valid -should have more sata ports very annoying , pciex 8x x8 layout is brilliant no card overheating running 2 evga 680 classifieds -but the sound for gaming is underestimated it is fantastic and gives you positional awareness of your enemy better than the Asus I have the maximus 1V genieZ and Maximus 1V extreme Z in other systems -love the extra features -but still anyone looking the sniper is great for gaming -posters a waste of time Reply


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Thriving on the Road to Hana with Your Kids
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We discovered 13 free things to do on Maui that won't cost you a dime. Easily fill your Maui family vacation with these unique, local and free activities.
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Maui has plenty of great luaus, but if you want the real deal – to see a Luau at its most authentic – there's really only one place that does the trick.
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Traveling with kids isn't always


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Teenage students are to walk the Yorkshire Three Peaks on Saturday to raise money for Breakthrough Breast Cancer.
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Assessment |
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Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
Social psychology: Altruism · Attribution · Attitudes · Conformity · Discrimination · Groups · Interpersonal relations · Obedience · Prejudice · Norms · Perception · Index · Outline
Social, sexual, and genetic monogamyEdit
Social monogamy refers to two people who live together, have sex with one another, and cooperate in acquiring basic resources such as food, clothes, and money. Sexual monogamy refers to two people who remain sexually exclusive with one another and have no outside sex partners. Genetic monogamy refers to the fact that two partners only have offspring with one another.
Monogamous pairs of animals are not always sexually exclusive. Many animals that form pairs to mate and raise offspring regularly engage in sexual activities with partners other than their primary mate. This is called extra-pair copulation. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] Sometimes these extra-pair sexual activities lead to offspring. Genetic tests frequently show that some of the offspring raised by a monogamous pair come from the female mating with an extra-pair male partner. [3] [4] [16] [17] These discoveries have led biologists to adopt new ways of talking about monogamy:
"Social monogamy refers to a male and female's social living arrangement (e.g., shared use of a territory, behaviour indicative of a social pair, and/or proximity between a male and female) without inferring any sexual interactions or reproductive patterns. In humans, social monogamy equals monogamous marriage. Sexual monogamy is defined as an exclusive sexual relationship between a female and a male based on observations of sexual interactions. Finally, the term genetic monogamy is used when DNA analyses can confirm that a female-male pair reproduce exclusively with each other. A combination of terms indicates examples where levels of relationships coincide, e.g., sociosexual and sociogenetic monogamy describe corresponding social and sexual, and social and genetic monogamous relationships, respectively." (Reichard, 2003, page 4) [18]Whatever makes a pair of animals socially monogamous does not necessarily make them sexually or genetically monogamous. Social monogamy, sexual monogamy, and genetic monogamy can occur in different combinations.
When applying these terms to people, it's important to remember that social monogamy does not always involve marriage. Social monogamy simply refers to two people who live together, have sex with one another, and cooperate in acquiring basic resources such as food, clothes, and money. A married couple is almost always a socially monogamous couple. But couples who choose to cohabit without getting married can also be socially monogamous.
Serial monogamyEdit
The term serial monogamy does not refer to a fourth type of monogamy. The three types of monogamy recognized by biologists (social monogamy, sexual monogamy, and genetic monogamy) describe the relationship between a particular pair of partners. The term serial monogamy describes the history of a single individual across multiple socially monogamous relationships. In animals, serial monogamy often means that an animal will have a different, but exclusive, breeding partner each mating season.
- ↑ Ågren, G., Zhou, Q. & Zhong, W. (1989). Ecology and social behaviour of Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus, at Xiliuhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Animal Behaviour, 37, 11-27.
- ↑ Barash, D.P. (1981). Mate guarding and gallivanting by male hoary marmots (Marmota caligata). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 9, 187-193.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Birkhead, T.R. & Møller, A.P. (1995). Extra-pair copulations and extra-pair paternity in birds. Animal Behaviour, 49, 843-848.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Birkhead, T.R. & Møller, A.P. (1996). Monogamy and sperm competition in birds. In J. M. Black (Ed.), Partnerships in Birds: The Study of Monogamy (pp. 323-343). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Foltz, D.W. (1981). Genetic evidence for long-term monogamy in a small rodent, Peromyscus polionotus. American Naturalist, 117, 665-675.
- ↑ Gursky, S.L. (2000). Sociality in the spectral tarsier, Tarsius spectrum. American Journal of Primatology, 51, 89-101.
- ↑ Hasselquist, D. S. & Sherman, P.W. (2001). Social mating systems and extrapair fertilizations in passerine birds. Behavioral Ecology, 12, 457-66.
- ↑ Hubrecht, R.C. (1985). Home range size and use and territorial behavior in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus, at the Tapacura Field Station, Recife, Brazil. International Journal of Primatology, 6, 533-550.
- ↑ Mason, W.A. (1966). Social organization of the South American monkey, Callicebus moloch: a preliminary report. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 13, 23-28.
- ↑ McKinney, F., Derrickson, S.R., & Mineau, P. (1983). Forced copulation in waterfowl. Behaviour, 86, 250-294.
- ↑ Reichard, U. (1995). Extra-pair Copulations in a Monogamous Gibbon (Hylobates lar). Ethology, 100, 99-112.
- ↑ Reichard, U.H. (2002). Monogamy—A variable relationship. Max Planck Research, 3, 62-67.
- ↑ Richardson, P.R.K. (1987). Aardwolf mating system: overt cuckoldry in an apparently monogamous mammal. South African Journal of Science, 83, 405-412.
- ↑ Welsh, D. & Sedinger, J.S. (1990). Extra-Pair copulations in Black Brant. The Condor, 92, 242-244.
- ↑ Westneat, D.F. & Stewart, I.R.K. (2003). Extra-pair paternity in birds: causes, correlates, and conflict. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, 365-396.
- ↑ Owens, I.P.F. & Hartley, I.R. (1998). Sexual dimorphism in birds: why are there so many different forms of dimorphism? Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, B265, 397–407.
- ↑ Solomon, N.G., Keane, B., Knoch, L.R., & Hogan, P.J. (2004). Multiple paternity in socially monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 82, 1667-1671.
- ↑ Reichard, U.H. (2003). Monogamy: Past and present. In U.H. Reichard and C. Boesch (Eds.), Monogamy: Mating strategies and parnternships in birds, humans, and other mammals (pp.3-25).Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
See alsoEdit
- Monogamy
- Varieties of Monogamy
- Incidence of Monogamy
- Value of Monogamy
- Psychology of Monogamy
- Evolution of Monogamy
- Pair bonding
- Serial monogamy
- Open marriage
- Swinging
- Affair
- Forms of nonmonogamy
- Polyamory
- Polygamy
- Polyfidelity
- Group marriage
- Cohabitation
- Marriage
- Divorce
- Mating system
- Jealousy
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


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You exercise your body to stay physically in shape, so why shouldn't you exercise your brain to stay mentally fit? With these daily exercises you will learn how to flex your mind, improve your creativity and boost your memory. As with any exercise, repetition is necessary for you to see improvement, so pick your favorite exercises from our daily suggestions and repeat them as desired. Try to do some mentalrobics every single day!
Of the five senses, humans use their sense of sight the most. Sometimes we can become so dependent on our eyes that we hardly pay any attention to our other senses. One way to encourage your mind to pay attention to the other senses is to close your eyes. Here are a couple activities that you can do with your eyes closed.
Take a Shower
Getting the water temperature just right, finding the shampoo, and toweling off are simple tasks that become difficult when you cant see what you are doing.
Get Dressed
Naturally, you won't be able to see colors with your eyes shut, so you'll have to pick out a matching outfit by feel.
In doing these exercises you well probably notice things that you never noticed before when you could rely on sight. For example, you may notice the different shapes of the bottles in the shower. Focusing your attention on your other senses will improve your memory by teaching you how to create strong associations for things that you want to remember.
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DETROIT - The federal corruption trial against former Detroit mayor Kwame Kilpatrick and three other defendants has been postponed until Nov. 13 to give a defense lawyer time to recover from an illness.
Attorney Gerald Evelyn, who represents defendant Bobby Ferguson, became ill Monday while cross-examining a witness in court. Evelyn was wheeled out of the courtroom on a stretcher.
Evelyn was hospitalized and underwent medical tests which revealed he had not suffered a heart attack or stroke. He is home and has been in stable condition since but is still recovering.
Judge Nancy Edmunds decided Friday morning to give Evelyn more time to recover.
The defendants in the trial include Kilpatrick, Ferguson, Kilpatrick's father Bernard and ex-Detroit water chief Victor Mercado.
Kilpatrick faces tax, conspiracy, fraud, extortion and bribery charges.
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The ARM Diaries, Part 2: Understanding the Cortex A12by Anand Lal Shimpi on 7/17/2013 12:30 PM EST
- Posted in
- CPUs
- SoC
- Cortex A12
65 Comments
Back to Article
JDG1980 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkSo, roughly speaking, how does ARM IPC compare to x86? Obviously it's not going to be as high as on modern big-core desktop x86 parts like SB/IB/Haswell, but how does it compare to Atom (both the current generation and the new one in the pipeline) and Bobcat/Kabini? Reply
nathanddrews - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkI think that was covered before:
http://www.anandtech.com/show/6936/intels-silvermo... Reply
coder543 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkThe performance expectations (which relate to IPC) were misguided though. Intel's compiler was, essentially, cheating by skipping entire sections of the benchmark. http://www.androidauthority.com/analyst-says-intel... Reply
DanNeely - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkIf I'm interpreting the labels on that graph correctly ("K900 at 1.0"); they've under clocked the atom by 50% (from 2ghz to 1ghz) from what it normally operates at; which would flip the results back to Intel winning the majority of the tests. Reply
Krysto - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkNo, that's actually the *real* clock speed of Atom, which Intel misleadingly calls a "2 Ghz" core. The 2 Ghz speed is the turbo-boost speed, just like for laptops Haswell will really be clocked at 1.3 Ghz (same performance level as 1.5 Ghz IVB), and it goes up to 2.3 Ghz, or whatever, with Turbo-Boost.
The problem is that I think benchmarks do use the Turbo-Boost speed fully, which means Atom will do very well in benchmarks, while that may not be the case in real day to day life, where the phone might never activate the Turbo-Boost speed, and just use the slower "real clock speed" all the time. Reply
name99 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkThe fact of Turbo-Boost is a problem for lazy benchmarking, it is NOT a problem for Intel.
Why do you want a high speed core in your phone? There is a population that wants to run aggressive games, or transcode video or whatever, and these people care about sustained performance. But they're in the dramatic minority. For most users, the value of a high speed core is that it makes the phone more zippy, meaning that operations are fast when they need to be fast, after which the phone can go back to sleeping. The user-level "speed" of a phone is measured by how fast it draws a (single) PDF page, or renders a (single) complex web page, or launches an app, not by how it performs over any task that takes longer than a second. In such a world, if Turbo-Boost allows the app to sprint for a second, then go back to low-power mode, the user is very happy with that behavior.
The only "problem" with this strategy, for Intel, is that it is obvious and will be copied by everyone. Intel is there first and most aggressively for historical and process reasons, but there's no reason they will remain the only player.
(It's also quite likely that competitors will adopt the ideas of Turbo-Boost, just never call it that. After all the problem to be solved for phones is different from the REAL Turbo-Boost problem. Turbo-Boost comes from a world where you run the chip as hot as it can go --- till it just about to overheat. If an ARM core has no danger of actually overheating, then the design space is different. Now it's simply "we'll rate the core for 2GHz, but at that speed it uses up 10 nJ/op, so as far as possible we'll try to run it a 1GHz (using up 2 nJ/op) or better yet 100MHz (using up 10 pJ/op) [all numbers made up, but you get the point].) Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkAll CPUs typically run at a far lower frequency than the maximum - I'm sure nobody believes eg. Krait 800 runs all 4 cores at 2.3GHz all the time. So if you call a specific frequency the "base" then anything faster than that is automatically a turbo boost. In that sense Intel's turbo boost is largely marketing, a way to claim a low TDP by setting the base frequency arbitrarily low, and allowing to go well over that TDP for a certain amount of time at a much higher boost frequency. Reply
inighthawki - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkMy 3.5/3.9GHz advertised i7 4770K runs at 800Mhz at idle :) Reply
TomWomack - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkMy desktop Haswell with Intel's retail cooler runs all four cores 24/7 turbo-boosted - I'm not quite sure what to, it reports 3401MHz in Linux but that's because /proc/cpuinfo asks ACPI which isn't fully compatible with turbo-boost. The machine draws 100W from the mains while doing so, which (given that it idles at 28W) is entirely consistent with the 84W TDP.
And, indeed, it runs at 800MHz at idle; and I suspect often slower than that, but /proc/cpuinfo doesn't report C-states Reply
RicDavis - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkIntel's turbostat has proven very useful for getting good reporting of CPU clock speeds under Linux. with the -v option it also displays the maximum speeds that CPU will run at as the no of active cores varies. Recommended. i7z is another option, but I've seen it do a bad job of showing which cores are active when hyperthreading is enabled. Reply
Krysto - Saturday, July 20, 2013 - linkThe difference is those ARM chips do take full advantage of the maximum core speed. Saying you start a web page - any web page. It WILL activate the maximum clock speed - whereas the Turbo-Boost in Atom doesn't activate all the time.
If we're talking about receiving notifications and such, then obviously the ARM processors won't go to 2 Ghz either, but that's not really what we're talking about here, is it? We're talking about what happens when you're doing normal heavy stuff (web browsing, apps, games). Reply
jeffkibuule - Monday, July 22, 2013 - linkThat's the problem I have with performance benchmarks on cell phones. At some point thermal throttling kicks in because you're draining the battery a ton running your CPUs at full tilt. IPC improvements will be felt far more than clock speed ramping. If you ever look at CPU-Z on Android, you'll notice that a Snapdragon 600 with 4 cores clocked at 1.7Ghz tries its hardest to downclock to 1 core at 384Mhz. Even just scrolling up and down the monitoring screen pumps up the CPU speed to 1134Mhz and turns on a second core as well. Peak performance is nice, but ideally should rarely be utilized. Reply
Krysto - Saturday, July 20, 2013 - linkNo, I meant it's a problem because Atom chips look like they are "competitive" in benchmarks, when in reality they have HALF the performance. That's what I was saying. It's a problem for US, not Intel. Intel wins by being misleading. Reply
felixyang - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkintel didn't mislead you. In SLM's review, they have very clear description about turbo. Copied here.
Previous Atom based mobile SoCs had a very crude version of Intel's Turbo Boost. The CPU would expose all of its available P-states to the OS and as it became thermally limited, Intel would clamp the max P-state it would expose to the OS. Everything was OS-driven and previous designs weren't able to capitalize on unused thermal budget elsewhere in the SoC to drive up frequency in active parts of chip. ........ this is also how a lot of the present day ARM architectures work as well. At best, they vary what operating states they expose to the OS and clamp max frequency depending on thermals. Reply
opwernby - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkThat's not cheating: it's what compilers are supposed to do. For example, if you write, "for (i=0; i<1000; i++);" a good optimizing compiler will analyze the loop, realize that it does nothing, resolve it to "i=1000;" and compile that. I believe the first use of this type of aggressive compiler technology was seen in Sun's C compiler for whatever version of Solaris it was that ran on the Sparc chips back in the '80s. The fact that the ARM compilers didn't do this speaks more about the expected performance of the chipset than anything else: you can build hardware to be as fast as you like, but if the compilers can't keep up, you might as well be running your code on a Commodore Pet. Reply
opwernby - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkSpeaking of the Sun thing: I distinctly remember that the then-current version of the Sun "pizza-box"-style workstation appeared in benchmarks to be 100 times faster than the IBM PC-RT (another RISC architecture competing with Sun's platform) even though, on paper, the PC-RT was running on faster hardware: analysis of the benchmarks' compiled code revealed that Sun's compiler had effectively edited out the loops as I described above. Result: the PC-RT died off very quickly. Reply
FunBunny2 - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkThe PC-RT didn't last long, but the processor (in its children) lives on as the RS-6000/PPC/iSeries/Z Reply
Wilco1 - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkIt's certainly cheating, if you followed the whole thing it was not just about ICC optimizing much of the benchmark away. The particular optimization was added recently to ICC - it was a lot more complex than an empty loop, it only optimized a very specific loop by a huge factor (so specific that if you compiled all open source code it would likely only apply to the benchmark and nothing else). For some odd reason AnTuTu then secretly switched to that ICC version despite ICC not being a standard Android compiler. Finally it turned out the settings for ARM were non-optimal, using an older GCC version with pretty much all loop optimizations disabled. Intel and ABI research then started making false claims on how fast Atom was compared to Galaxy S4 based on the parts of AnTuTu that were broken (without actually mentioning AnTuTu).
Giving one side such a huge unfair advantage is called cheating. As a result AnTuTu will now stop using ICC. Reply
jwcalla - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkThis is why benchmarks have to be taken with a healthy dose of skepticism.
First, if the benchmark program isn't open source, right off the bat it's worthless. If you can't see the code, you can't trust it.
Second, if the program isn't compiled with the same compiler and the same compiler options, the results are crap. You're not getting a valid comparison of the hardware itself.
It's kind of ridiculous seeing many of the journalists out there who took this sensational headline and ran with it without even questioning its legitimacy. Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkThe IPC comparison for integer code goes like:
Silverthorne < A7 < A9 < A9R4 < Silvermont < A12 < Bobcat < A15 < Jaguar
This is based on fair comparisons using Geekbench and so doesn't reflect what some marketing departments claim or what cheated benchmarks (ie. AnTuTu) appear to show. Reply
lmcd - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkWhere do various Kraits fit in? Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkThe Krait 800 as used in Galaxy S4 fits between A9 and A9R4 (it is ~5% better IPC than A9 - it makes up for that by clocking very high). Reply
tuxRoller - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkCan you provide a reference for these values?
The geekbench numbers are all over the place even for the same device (for instance, you see iphone 5 results that vary by 6%, while gs4 can vary by 16% easily). Reply
Death666Angel - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkNot sure what geekbench measures and saves. But considering the multitude of options for tweaking an Android system is quite easy. Just change a some governors around and use a different scheduler and you can get quite the range of results. Reply
tuxRoller - Sunday, July 21, 2013 - linkThat's kinda my point.
Where exactly is he getting his numbers from. Reply
michael2k - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkIt really does sound like the Swift or Krait cores, but widely available now to the Rockchips and Mediateks. Even if it comes out next year, it means $200 smartphones with the raw performance of an iPhone 5 or Galaxy S4 while Apple and Samsung sell something similar for $450. The real question then is how Qualcomm, Samsung, and Apple will push their architectures other than more die-shrinks. Apple still has the option of moving to 4 core as well as BIG.little, and Qualcomm still has the option of BIG.little as well, but where is Exynos going to head? 8 core BIG.little (for 16 total cores?) Asymmetric B.l with 8 big cores and 4 small cores? Something else altogether? Reply
fteoath64 - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkGreat point regarding Big.Little design in the SoC. There are many ways to implement Big.Little design on the wafer. I think only the rudimentary one has been used and this does not really link as much to OS optimizations as we would like. It takes effort/complexity and great code in drivers and kernel changes to take advantage of the design in order to maximise what the hardware can do. And there is the variant that could go Big.Medium.Little. If you look at the frequency charts of typical use, the Medium state do take a lot of the time duration while the Big takes very little (only in the spikes) then the Little takes care of near idle time. Having a Medium module takes space but might be worth the effort in power savings more than just Big.Little switching. The switching cost in power is negligible but time sustained power use on a certain frequency do have good savings (eg 30% in Medium state vs 5% on Big state). Optimizing the OS to change state is important as the efficiency and time savings are there to be had. The slower it does it, the more power it draws for a given duration. Another software optimizing is to split threads to specific core types or core number to optimise performance. eg Little core does all I/O since that is slow while FP/INT goes to Big, or INT split between Big and Little. Dynamic switching to keep one Big core active for several seconds longer might be a benefit if it gets triggered soon after, ie Why switch when a delay in switch solves the problem!. OF course a huge simulation is needed to find the optimal design points that are worth implementing. It is an iterative process. The same goes for GPU cores to get active and boost frequency on demand. For now, they kick fully blast when the game wants it. A great feedback way would be an FPS counter to throttle down the gpus since > 60fps is pretty useless unless you are running 120fps 3D displays. For that cap it at 120fps when the is mode is used. Due to the time to release durations, I am certain many compromised were made just to get the silicon out. ARM vendors are not like Intel who can afford the wait on a release because they had a monopoly on the chip in the market. Competition ensure that ARM evolves quickly and efficiently. This is where you can see Qualcomm succeeding while Tegra falters. Samsung is trying to find their secret sauce toward success with Octa-core design. I think next iteration might be a good one for them coupled with process node improvements they will use.
I see a 2:3:4 design as optimum. 2Big 3Medium 4 Little. Here is how it should work:
Full Bore: 2Big 2Medium and 1 Little active (PentaCore design).
Medium operation: 3Medium and 2 Little active (Still holding PentaCore threading)
Step Down1: 1Medium 2 Little.
Idle: 1 Little only. Note Little takes ALL the I/O traffic. Reply
roberto.tomas - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkLooks pretty clear to me that there will be an A55 at 14nm or at least 10nm. The A12 is technically replacing the A9, right at the start of the next gen of chips which are all 64 bit. It doesn't do them any good to have a high end and low end chip that is 64 bit, and a mid range chip that is only 32 bit. But the power/performance claims are very close to the A15... so this is basically replacing the A15, from that perspective.
The A57 will expire sometime at/after 14nm, and new designs will come out. At that time, an A55 that replaces it would make sense, fulfilling the same roll as the A12 at 32-bit. Reply
Qwertilot - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkI'm sure I remember reading somewhere (some interview?) that they decided that it just didn't make sense (yet) to go 64 bit for the sorts of devices that the A12 will be targeting. The A57 obviously has to go 64 bit to support servers and the like, and that presumably means that the A53 has to follow in order to be matched for bigLittle purposes for high end smart phones/tablets etc.
As michael2k refers to above, the A12 is aimed more at mid/in time, low end phones and the like. Much less reason to push 64 bit there just yet. ARM have to support this sort of thing but I guess the business model means that they can too. Reply
WhitneyLand - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkThe NEON improvements are compelling, but it would be nice to peek behind the curtain of the 48% improvement claims on FFMPEG.
To start FFMPEG covers a vast amount of functionality, but certain FFMPEG codecs like h.264 are much more relevant than the obscure ones. So which codecs were used, and are the improvements seen in encoding or decoding, or both?
As we learned with AVX and x264, it's not always easy to realize big gains in real life scenarios with new SIMD hardware.
If there's interest in an article benchmarking x264 on the A9/A15/Krait (to tide us over until the A12 arrives) let me know, been trying to find a way to contribute to AT. :) Reply
crypticsaga - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkIs it just me or have the arm architecture reviews become more interesting than the intel or amd ones? Reply
WhitneyLand - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkYour tastes are changing. I used to read power supply and case reviews, now I usually don't even peek at the summary. I guess you could say some people are interested in where the action is, and while Intel is making bold moves (I still read Intel articles) there are still many things that we already know from previous reviews. ARM is still novel to us. Reply
jeffkibuule - Monday, July 22, 2013 - linkThey are constantly evolving. Intel isn't experiencing hyper growth in performance anymore, instead optimizing for power which is far less sexy. Reply
lilmoe - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkCortex A12 is too late to the game. Too frustratingly so. Reply
name99 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkWhat game is that? ARM is in the business of making money. It will sell hundreds of millions of these to the developing world, and make money on each one.
If you want to view low-power CPUs as porn, not a business, you should be spending your time watching Apple (and to a lesser extent, Qualcomm and, maybe one-day Intel) not ARM. Reply
lilmoe - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkI'm strictly speaking business, not porn, thank you. To me, Cortex A12 is addressing the same problem that Krait and Swift cores addressed (specifically in memory bandwidth), where competitors are clearly >2 years ahead by the time of availability. Look how "successful" A15 vendors are (/s) while Qualcomm is taking a huge share of the pie.
big.LITTLE is proving too hard to implement. Samsung has succeeded in providing Apple with their needs when other fabs failed, all while having difficulties with their implementation of big.LITTLE. Samsung even ditched the CHEAPER licence of ARM's Mali GPU in favor of IT's solution. There's clearly a problem somewhere. Yes, Cortex A15 is faster, but "average" performance of Krait 200 compared with big.LITTLE (a15/a7) is VERY comparable. However, in heavy workloads, Cortex A15 consumes significantly more power.
ARM has this "view" on how the market "should" be heading, while the market is heading in a clearly different power-envelope/performance direction. Reason? Android. Cortex A9 is not powerful enough for Android, and A15 consumes too much power. I'm a big believer in power efficiency, but ARM seriously need to revise their power envelope charts. Cortex A15 should have been a target of the 20/22nm process, NOT 28nm. That's how demand is working now. Cortex A12 SHOULD HAVE BEEN prioritized over Cortex A15 on 28nm. OEMs (including Samsung) are preferring Snapdragons over Exynos 5 and Tegra 4 even on more power tolerable devices like tablets.
That said, even they're high performance Cortex A15 is seriously threatened by Krait 300 and Silvermont cores in power efficiency at relative performance. And by the time A57 is implemented, where do you think the competition will be?
Someday Intel? Dude, for $400, can either get a Windows RT ARM tablet, or a FULL Windows 8 tablet running Saltwell (and Silvermont in the very near future), which one would you pick? Android tablet you say? Guess what Samsung is doing now with their Tab 3 10.1.
Developing countries? Don't worry about those, Krait 200 cores will be too darn cheap in 2 years when A12 is ready to ship. Oh, they also have modem integration......
The business world works VERY differently from the world enthusiasts live in... Reply
aryonoco - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkYou make very valid points, but you have a very developed-world-centric point of view.
Yes A12 is too late, it is a response to Swift and Krait, and it is over two years too late. We'll have to wait a while still of course to see how it stacks up against its competition in 2015, but I agree with you in that it should have been prioritized, and it's late.
What you are missing however is that there is a huge swath of the market where ARM doesn't really have a competition. Swift and Krait are non-entities there, they are too expensive for your average Chinese OEM like Zopo or THL or Cube or FAEA (or many dozen others). These phones and tablets are now ruling China, India and south-east Asia, and they are all using Mediatek Cortex A7s in the phones, and Rockchip or Allwinner Cortex A9s in their tablets and Android sticks. These are huge markets, we are talking over 3.5 Billion people who live in these countries, and yes Samsung and Apple sell their phones there as well, but they are tiny (especially Apple). Something like 37% of ARM's Cortex A chips were produced by Mediatek alone in 2012, and no one in the developed world has even heard of them.
Sure Qualcomm is trying to play in this market, with their confusingly named Snapdragon S4 Play (which is just a cortex A5) but Mediatek beats it hands down both in performance and price. Modem integration you say? It just isn't a factor. They all have single band HSPA modems on 2100 Mhz, or at best dual band 850/2100 or 900/2100 and that's all that these markets care about. Oh and dual SIM, they really care about their dual SIM. No one cares about Qualcomm's fancy pants LTE modems, there are no networks to use them on!
Will you ever see Cortex A12 in a flagship Samsung or Apple or HTC product? Probably not, but that doesn't really matter. You'll see it in hundreds of millions of products that will line up on AliExpress and Taobao and that's where the vast bulk of the market is going to be. Reply
parim - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkI completely agree with all your points, the sub 200$ android phone market in India is dominated by MediaTech.
All of India is on 2100Mhz HSPA
Qualcomm/nvidia need to reduce their prices by a lot to prevent being completely washed away by the MediaTech Wave Reply
Qwertilot - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkThe other thing to remember is that ARM aren't in competition with Qualcomm, Apple etc. You could even reasonably argue that the existence of Krait meant they didn't need to cover that niche as urgently as the newer markets that the A15/57 etc can be aimed at.
Folk like MediaTech must be a massive long term worry for everyone in the SoC market (and Intel trying to break into it) - at some point (reasonably soon?) the bulk of people even in the developed world might well decide that they've got 'enough' performance and then all those very cheap chips will be waiting to destroy margins. ARM are of course set up not to mind. Reply
aryonoco - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkOf course you are right, ARM doesn't really view Krait and Swift as its competition... but just because ARM is happy to license its instruction set doesn't mean they like Krait and Swift. ARM gets a higher initial revenue when it licenses out its instruction set, but after that, the percentage that it gets on shipping Krait and Swift cores is far lower than what it gets from a straight implementation of one of its Cortex A designs... in ARM's ideal world, everyone would be implementing straight from its designs and giving it the higher percentage fee.
And yes, MediaTek is a massive worry to everyone the big guys. There is also a price war happening between Chinese companies (Rockchip and Allwinner) and MediaTek (which is Taiwanese) right now, price of highest end products have come down by over a third since the start of the year... you can now buy MT's highest end 1.5 Ghz quad core A7 chip for $8... this is just crazy!
Of course ARM is sitting comfortable at the top, but the one company that can give ARM some headache is Imagination. They've been beating ARM in the embedded GPU space for a good while now, and now that they have a CPU architecture of their own... this is going to get very interesting. In the 90s, MIPS had a far better IPC than ARM, so if Imagination really is set to revive MIPS and get aggressive on price, it will be very interesting to watch, especially with over 95% of Android apps working just fine on MIPS. Pity no one is paying attention to that battle, AnandTech didn't even cover the launch of Warrior. Reply
wumpus - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkMost of the analysis of MIPS implies that it has a chance at the embedded world, but not a prayer where the chips listed in this article play. I would assume that Imagination has a long term plan to break into this market, but it will take some sort of extreme cost/power/performance advantage to convince anyone to give up an architecture. There is a reason that ARM64 is still a dominant architecture, and it has nothing to do with any inherent superiority of the instruction set (indeed, it is a disaster and an unholy kludge. While most of the time "the backward stuff" might be irrelevant to modern computing, it still takes up area, has to be validated, and still has warts that have to be dealt with every design). Changing architectures isn't taken lightly (see how wonderfully windows RT is doing). Reply
Qwertilot - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkIsn't the business model the major reason for the architecture getting so dominant? Given how cheaply/freely they license the architecture, you need a really strong motivation and/or massive scale to consider using anything else. Limits ARMs size of course. Reply
Mondozai - Friday, July 19, 2013 - link"There is a reason that ARM64 is still a dominant architecture, and it has nothing to do with any inherent superiority of the instruction set"
Sorry that's just lazy.
ARM is where it is because no comptetitor has managed an alternative that is sufficiently competitive to their architecture.
Legacy isn't an issue. If ARM was going irrelevant, the switch would occur, and very fast too. Reply
fteoath64 - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkQualcomm is not worried right now because it is busy with serving higher priced solutions and it could hardly supply those customers!. Besides, Qualcomm has access to next-gen process in volumes that can crush MediaTek , Actions, HiSilicon etc by dropping prices in the next-gen offerings. That market will run out for MediaTek within 12 months, so Qualcomm is playing the game right for now. All ARM licensees can do whatever they want as long as they stay within their contractual obligations. These Chinese licensees better be careful les they get cut off from the license and had to seek alternative architectures (meaning none, what going Intel is suicide!). The idea of MediaTek and others taking the "lower-tier" of the market for 3-4 quarters is enough for all to feast on the market. They do not want Intel to come in to cream everything off and leaves nothing for the partners to live on. There is strategy and turf protection, these are no dumb companies having made it this far. They know most of the tricks and can outwit the or else they will die. You should know the difference between Chinese vendors and western vendors, the Chinese manufacturers are happy to sell a wholesaler a phone for $110 when it cost them $80 to make. ie profit $30. The wholesaler turns around and sell it for $180 making $40-50 each after all the distribution costs etc. Western companies will see this unit for $300 retail!. The difference is greed even when the manufacturer provided goodwill in the factory price. The reason factories put a limited profit on each unit is to move the volumes because they know full well what the market price is going to be. They do not want to inflate it further. Reply
lilmoe - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkI'm sure you have valid points too, but you're not getting my side of the story. MediaTech's solution is pretty solid, yes, but it's strictly Cortex A9. Consumer demand, even in developing countries, is growing, and the need for faster chips is growing as well. By 2015, what makes you think that Krait wont be competitive in price with higher performance? Qualcomm needs only to re-badge their already developed chips with higher clock speeds.
Profit margins are way higher in developed countries, it's just a matter of time that even current flagship devices be slashed in price (with a slight change in design and chassis) and they're ready to take on the cheapest Chinese OEMs have to offer...
Anyway, this doesn't change the fact that ARM made a mistake in its priorities. Cortex A15 (big.LITTLE) should have been targeted for 20/22nm and smaller processes. Priority should have been for Cortex A12. And yes, flagships (hero phones) could have made use of that core if it was ready by this time, especially since it could have competed really well with Krait in both power efficiency and performance (most probably beating it if ARM's claims are to be believed in that regard. Reply
Qwertilot - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkThe world, and A15 in particular, isn't just mobile phones :) The Samsung Chromebook, early versions of the micro server hardware, shield aren't all massive volume but they've started the process of starting to get Arm chips accepted in a bunch of device classes where they just didn't previously exist.
(Phone wise it did end up powering a lot of S4's.).
You can see that could easily be more attractive/important as a priority for ARM than picking fights with existing licensees over high end mobile phones.
If Qualcomm/ (Intel too of course) end up directly taking on the cheapest that the Chinese OEMs have to offer they've basically already lost as there's then so little profit left. They have to somehow make the case for more expensive but also more powerful/efficient chips. At some point that'll get hard. Reply
lilmoe - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkTrue, it isn't only for mobile devices (smartphones and tablets), but those make the absolute majority of demand. ARM has too much competition to face in the server world, a world that already has tons of existing x86 code. By the time they're ready to seriously fight in the server world, 14nm would be the norm.
Again, my argument isn't about which chip goes where, or who should compete where, it's about timing and priorities of architecture designs, which ARM clearly screwed up on. At least that's how I see it. Reply
Mondozai - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linklilmoe wrote:
"By 2015, what makes you think that Krait wont be competitive in price with higher performance? Qualcomm needs only to re-badge their already developed chips with higher clock speeds."
And what makes you think that the competition will stand still until that time?
They could get better SoC's based on the A-12 by that time, to just name one (out of many) possibilities. Reply
lilmoe - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkThey WILL stand still because Cortex A12 isn't ready to ship yet. It'll be a good 2 years before it's "cheaply" manufactured by the likes of MediaTec.
By the way, Krait powered Nokia Lumias are going for around and less than the $200 mark right now. People are forgetting that Android isn't the only contender in the market. OS market share will most probably look very different in 2015.
There are many dynamics running the low power processor market. Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkIt's only late if you consider it a directly competitor of Silvermont. However A9R4 as used by Tegra 4i seems perfectly timed. Reply
haukionkannel - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkI am interested in how this A12 compares to A53 in speed wise... A53 has wider registers (64 bit) but A12 run in higher freguensis and has more cores? Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkA12 will beat A53 by about 40%: A53 delivers performance comparable to A9 and A12 is 40% faster than A9. Note that 64-bit is not relevant and certainly doesn't provide a big speedup - even on x86 almost all software is still 32-bit as there is little to gain from going to 64-bit. Reply
jwcalla - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - linkWell this isn't entirely accurate as some of us are running almost completely pure 64-bit systems. And it does appear that video encoding and decoding are common operations that can benefit from 64-bit software from some of the benchmarks I've seen, but that might actually have been from compiler options so maybe not. But otherwise yes, the 64-bit ARM chips are only really important for server type workloads where people already have 64-bit software that they don't want to rework. Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, July 17, 2013 - link64-bit has pros and cons. x64 provides more registers so some applications run faster when built for 64-bit - that may well the video codecs you mention. However there are downsides as well, as all your pointers double in size, which slows down pointer heavy code. On 64-bit ARM things will be similar.
Note the main reason for 64-bit is allowing more than 4GB of memory. The latest 32-bit ARMs already support this, so for mobiles/tablets etc there is no need to change to 64-bit. Reply
wumpus - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkEr, no. Just no.
From what I can tell, 32 bit ARM chips use (from a developer's view) the exact same mechanism as x86 and PAE. This might use 4G of RAM efficiently (and for those OSs that like to leave all apps in RAM, it might work well for a bit more).
Trying to address more memory than an integer register can map to is always going to be an unholy kludge (although I would personally recommend all computer architects design such a system into the architecture because it *will* happen if the architecture succeeds at all). Since ARM chips tend to go into machines that rarely allow memory to be upgraded, no vendor really should be selling machines with >4G RAM and 32 bit accessing. The size/power/cost tradeoff isn't worth it
google "Support for ARM LPAE". All my links go straight to the pdfs and I wind up with all the google code inbedded in my links. Reply
Calinou__ - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkPAE doesn't allow for more than 3 GB per process. ;) Reply
Wilco1 - Thursday, July 18, 2013 - linkA15 based servers will have 8-32GB. So yes it does go well over 4GB, that's the whole point of PAE. Mobiles will end up with 4GB RAM soon and because of PAE there is no need to use 64-bit CPUs (which would be way overkill for a mobile).
Yes I know about ARM LPAE and that it is supported in Linux. Reply
fteoath64 - Friday, July 19, 2013 - link"PAE there is no need to use 64-bit CPUs". Agreed. More effort to be spend on optimizing for speed and power efficiency. Reply
jensend - Friday, July 19, 2013 - link"Cortex A12 retains the two integer pipelines of the Cortex A9, but adds support for integer divides (like the A7 and A15, other A-series architectures generally lacked support for hardware int divides)"
The parenthetical material is very unclear. It sounds like it's saying "The A12 has hardware divides, the A15 and A7 don't, and other A-series archs likewise don't." A simple edit makes the sentence much more clear and slightly more concise:
"Cortex A12 retains the two integer pipelines of the Cortex A9; however, like the A7 and A15, it adds support for hardware integer divides (which previous A-series architectures generally lacked)." Reply
phoenix_rizzen - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkAn even simpler edit is to just change the parenthetical comma into a semi-colon:
"Cortex A12 retains the two integer pipelines of the Cortex A9, but adds support for integer divides (like the A7 and A15; other A-series architectures generally lacked support for hardware int divides)" Reply
wumpus - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkAnd I didn't see anyway for 32bit ARM to access more than 3G. Maybe there is, but the PAE-style mechanism that allowed each process to access 4G of ram (well 2-3G of user space and 2-1G of OS space). It looks like each process sees 32 bit MMU tags meaning no way to access the whole RAM. Again, somewhere in there they might have an unholy kludge, but I suspect that they are more than willing to do things the [PAE] intel way [not the 286 way that Microsoft forced everyone to support a decade after it was consigned to the junkyard]. Reply
wumpus - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkSo how does one process access more than 4G (3G if Linux, likely less else where)? There is a reason nobody uses 32 bit chips. If you really looked up the datasheets, the *80386* chip could access way more than 64G virtual ram (it didn't have the pins for more than 4G of memory). You could even access it fairly easily in a process, but as far as I know *nobody* ever tried that.
Note: Linux 0.x and I think 1.x could both handle 3G per memory process. Maybe not, I know Linus used the 386 segmentation scheme natively on different processes, but I have no idea if the 386 MMU could handle tags that depended on the segmentation scheme (it was quite possible you could either go wild with segments, or use them traditionally and have full MMU operation. I haven't looked at this stupid idea since 1990, when I learned the disaster that is x86.
We use 64 bit chips for a reason. If we didn't need to access memory the size of an integer register, I would strongly suspect that all integer registers would be 16 bits long (note the pentium4 computed integer operations 16 bits at a time, they are notably faster). Using a 64 bit register and 64 bit addressing means that you can access an entire database of arbitrary size (2^63, whatever that is), while using 32 bit machines requires a "networking" OS call to whichever process happens to have that particular datum in memory. It is yet another unholy kludge and the reason that "the only fatal mistake a computer architecture can have is too small a word size". Reply
Wilco1 - Friday, July 19, 2013 - linkYou don't need to access more than 3GB per process on a mobile! Mobiles/tablets will have 4GB of RAM, however each process still has it's own 32-bit address space and uses only a portion of the available RAM.
There is no need to be so obsessed about 64-bit, you know the the Windows world is still mostly 32-bit 10 years after the introduction of Athlon64... Even Windows 8 still has a 32-bit version. So while there are lots of 64-bit chips around, most run only 32-bit code. My Athlon64 which I retired last year never ever ran 64-bit code during its entire life!
You only really require 64-bit addressing if you have big applications that need more than 3GB per process. Such applications are rare (your database is an example) and they only run on large expensive servers, not on mobiles. So clearly the need for 64-bit is extremely small, and mobiles/tablets will simply use PAE rather than switch to 64-bit for the foreseeable future. Reply
Calinou__ - Saturday, July 20, 2013 - link64 bit is still a technogy of the future. Not to mention PAE can be quite buggy sometimes, especially when running eg. proprietary drivers. Reply
Wolfpup - Thursday, July 25, 2013 - linkThe timing on this seems weird. Didn't they know they needed a smaller jump between A9 and A15 years ago? I HOPE it's not really needed by late 2014/2015...I mean I hope by then we're all using A15, and maybe A5x or whatever... Or AMD's low power chips and SIlvermont! Reply


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Just lurkin' behind a defendant, y'all.
Sarah's on-screen father Robert Hughes was found guilty of molesting her in 2014.
This time, it wasn't hackers or rogue employees at a production facility.
Meet your new on-screen obsession.
Comes on the heels of highly anticipated Han Solo film.
Oscar-winning actress takes on "distraught" role.
Daniel Craig fans, rejoice.
After months of near-inseparable togetherness with Blac Chyna, Rob Kardashian has pulled a 180, deleting all evidence of his girlfriend from Instagram.
The dawning of another year is the perfect time to start working on a new you. Need some inspiration? Just look to these badass celebs who have changed their life through health and fitness.
Uh oh. Looks like Diane Kruger might need the 101 on the subtleties of infidelity.
The socialite angered fans when she dismissed the claims of multiple women who say they were sexually assaulted by the president.
Winnie Harlow loves the skin she's in.
Lifestyle | Australia
No upcoming show times.
Season 1, Strong-Armed/Bye, Bye Bellum
Season 17, A Blustery Santalune Gym Battle!
Season 1, Be Quiet Scooby-Doo!
Season 4, Separation Anxiety


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Buy a New Camry, Prius, Sienna, Avalon and Corolla in Baltimore, MD - Serving Glen Burnie, Owings Mills & Laurel, MD
With everyday low prices and a constantly evolving inventory of new cars, DARCARS Toyota Baltimore is a great place to go for a Toyota in Baltimore. We have the experience to get you into the driver's seat of that new 2017-2018 Toyota which meets all your needs. A member of the DARCARS Toyota Baltimore sales team is ready to answer any questions you have. Take a spin in the all new Camry, Prius, Sienna, Avalon, Corolla and many others, by visiting DARCARS Toyota Baltimore today. We will get you into a new or used car and onto the Baltimore streets in style! For more information on Toyota Features and Specifications go to our model page.
More Information About Purchasing a New 2017-2018 Toyota in Baltimore
Shop at DARCARS Toyota Baltimore for professional service and low prices. Each member of the DARCARS Toyota Baltimore sales staff is a Toyota expert and is here to make buying your new car as easy as possible. Visit us today at 6007 Eastern Ave., just a short drive from Glen Burnie, Owings Mills and Laurel, MD.
Prices exclude tax, tags, and $300 dealer processing charge. Internet selling price (e-price) includes freight and all applicable Toyota factory rebates and incentives. While every effort has been made to ensure display of accurate data, this listing may not reflect all accurate vehicle items. All Inventory listed is subject to prior sale. The photo shown may be an example only. Please consult dealership personnel for details. The information contained on this web page should be validated with the appropriate sales representative and / or lending institution with which the lien will be owned and maintained and does not in any manner override the corresponding associated U.S. Government and / or State laws. DARCARS is not responsible for misprints or typographical errors in equipment or pricing.


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GSA Details FY09 Budget Request
February 4, 2007
Contact: Diane Merriett, (202) 501-1231
WASHINGTON – The U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) today announced agency details of the FY 2009 budget requested by President George W. Bush.
The FY 2009 budget requests $481.6 million in discretionary budget authority, which includes the request of a $300.2 million budget authority for the Federal Buildings Fund, $172.9 million for GSA operating appropriations, and an additional $8.5 million for Presidential Transition. GSA continues to operate more efficiently, and this budget maintains over $6 million in savings achieved in FY08 for a total savings to the taxpayer over the last 2 years of more than $12 million.
"This year, we have requested funding that is in many ways a down payment on a safer and more prosperous future for America while saving taxpayer money in some areas," said Administrator Lurita Doan. "Our proposed budget would begin building a new consolidated home for the Department of Homeland Security, which is scattered in more than 60 different locations, as well as modernizing one of the largest land ports of entry in the world -- San Ysidro, California -- to protect our communities and relieve congestion."
The FY 2009 request is the first budget submitted within the framework and under the direction of the 2007-2012 Strategic Plan of the U.S. General Services Administration, which established a new mission, new strategic goals and a reaffirmation of core agency values.
"GSA's FY 2009 budget requests the minimum necessary resources to fulfill our mission, in a manner consistent with our core values, while keeping pace with a rapidly changing external environment", said Kathleen Turco, GSA Chief Financial Officer. "Fiscal discipline, mission-focus and the core values of the agency are the backbone of this request."
Founded in 1949, GSA serves as a centralized procurement and property management agency for the federal government. GSA manages more than one-fourth of the government's total procurement dollars and influences the management of $500 billion in federal assets, including 8,600 government-owned or leased buildings and 208,000 vehicles. GSA helps preserve our past and define our future, as a steward of more than 425 historic properties, and as manager of USA.gov, the official portal to federal government information and services. GSA's mission to provide superior workplaces, expert technology solutions, acquisition services, purchasing and eGov travel solutions and management policies, at best value, allows federal agencies to focus on their core missions.
Did you know? The U. S. General Services Administration (GSA) leverages the buying power of the Federal government to acquire best value for taxpayers and our Federal customers. We exercise responsible asset management. We deliver superior workplaces, quality acquisition services, and expert business solutions. We develop innovative and effective management policies.


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University of Missouri
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Lucky Four 4-H Club (Session 31 of 35)
When: Sunday, May 12, 2013, 4 p.m. to 6 p.m.
The Lucky Four 4-H Club usually meets the 2nd Sunday of each month at the Immanual Lutheran Fellowship Hall at West Ely, MO. Time is 4:00pm to 6:00pm
Contact the Marion County University Extension Center at 573/769-2177 for additional information.
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Did you know?
A new Xhosa male initiate wears a cloth cap and red ochre on his face.
To outsiders attending a traditional event anywhere in Xhosa country (the old Transkei in the Eastern Cape), the crowd simply appears to be very colourfully clad.
Young maidens will be draped with ochre-coloured blankets; a tribal elder will walk past wrapped in his blanket, with his face covered in white clay; a married woman will linger at the stall, carrying a large beaded bag and puffing on a long-stemmed wooden pipe.
Xhosa traditional dress comes in various shades, shapes, sizes and hues – each with its own particular message.
In the silent but unmistakeable stylish language of clothing, you can see that a lady is married because her head is covered. If her turban dips below eye level, it means she has just married. Only young girls may go around bare-breasted.
In most Xhosa communities, it is all about the headpiece. The more elaborate the hat, the more senior the wearer.
Mama Tofu, a Xhosa cultural expert at Ngxingxolo near East London, explains about Xhosa traditional dress.
'Do you see how I am dressed? Look here: long skirt, no slit in front. I wear a marriage bib. These two aprons here? They show I am a widow.
'When a new wife enters her husband's household, she must not be nosy and look around. She can move the doek (Afrikaans for 'cloth') up off her eyes only when she has had her first baby.'
The beadwork on a Xhosa woman says many things about her status in life and her surrounding community.
Similarly, Xhosa men possess certain traditional dress items.
Goatskin leggings are worn at a man's first sacrificial killing of a goat. His necklace of turquoise beads connects him with his ancestors.
The goatskin bag – carried by both men and women in Xhosa culture – has been made with great skill and patience.
Travel tips & Planning info
Who to contact
Imonti Tours
Tel: +27 (0)83 487 8975
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Icamagu Institute
Dr Nokuzola Mndende
Tel: +27 (0)21 797 8462
Email: email@example.com
How to get here
You will find Xhosa traditional dress all over the world: in the Xhosa heartland near East London; in South African urban centres; in international fashion styles; and also worn by modern Xhosa men and women living all over the world.
Best time to visit
December is when the Xhosa people hold their home festivals and traditional gatherings in the kraals (rural homesteads) and villages of the Eastern Cape.
Best buys
Xhosa dresses, pipes, bowls and beadwork from craft stores all over the Wild Coast in the Eastern Cape.


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SME is unleashing its breadth and depth of manufacturing content into a powerful, user-friendly, 24-7 online resource. Everything you want to know about manufacturing is available when you want it, where you want it.
NOW AVAILABLE! The former Tool & Manufacturing Engineer's Handbook (TMEH) has been digitized and is now available in a new peer-reviewed and validated WIKI environment.
SME's eight Technical Communities focus on specific manufacturing disciplines. Each community consists of "tech groups" where members meet and collaborate both virtually and face to face. Communities also produce technical content for SME programs and other industry events. Technical Communities are your way to connect with peers, find experts and gather technical knowledge in specific disciplines.
Additive Manufacturing CommunityConcentrates
on the technologies and processes that help conceive, develop, test,
improve and manufacture new products to bring them to market faster and
more cost effectively.


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Powered Grill Brush
Because this brush is battery operated you won't need to use as much elbow grease and muscle as you would with an ordinary brush. Keeps your hands clean and encourages cleaning the grates more often. Don't even have to worry about grill being totally cool when scrubbing grease and grime from your grill or bbq.


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Prior to submittal for commercial plan review, there are a number of site specific pre-requisites that should be verified by the developer or design professional:
SUBMITTAL OPTIONSAs of January 1, 2012, City of Charlotte Land Development Division requires electronic submittal of plans. This includes commercial plan submittals as well as storm drainage and BMP/detention as-built surveys and certifications.
Electronic Plans (EPLANs)
Applications and Fees
Services | Resources | FAQ | Search Permits & Projects | Land Development Standards Manual | VirtualCharlotte Map | POLARIS Map | Register of Deeds | Meckpermit.com | Accela Citizen Access | Contact Info | Home


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I have a site I am working on for a client. I am using Skeleton for the responsive layout. There are two images in the footer area that in larger browsers float left and right. On smaller screens I want them to be aligned center under the other content.
/* All Mobile Sizes (devices and browser) */
@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {
photo_one {
float: none;
photo_two {
float: none;
The code above does not do what I want. What do I need to put in order for this to work? Thanks.
Are "photo_one" and "photo_two" classes or IDs? You don't say in your code. You either need a dot before each or a #. If that doesn't help, we need to see your HTML too.
Oops sorry....they are classes. So I would use a . I did that and it worked with the smallest width. I can't get it to work with the width already mentioned. They still float left and right but are staggered.

<img src="images/1929statecapitalgypsyrunsml.jpg"

<img src="images/1930copysml.jpg"

What I don't understand is that it works with this code.
@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px) {
img {
display: none;
header h1.logo {
width: 417px;
height: 50px;
display: block;
background-image: url(../images/sml_logo.png);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
font: 0/0 a;/*use the next 3 lines instead of text-indent: -9999px*/
text-shadow: none;
color: transparent;
background-position: 0 0;
body {
background: #000;
.photo_one {
margin-top: 7px;
display: block;
}.photo_two {
margin-top: 7px;
display: block;
/* Mobile Portrait Size to Mobile Landscape Size (devices and browsers) */
@media only screen and (max-width: 479px) {
img {
display: none;
header h1.logo {
width: 321px;
height: 32px;
display: block;
background-image: url(../images/sml_logo1.png);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
font: 0/0 a;/*use the next 3 lines instead of text-indent: -9999px*/
text-shadow: none;
color: transparent;
background-position: 0 0;
body {
background: #000;
.photo_one {
margin-top: 7px;
display: block;
.photo_two {
margin-top: 7px;
display: block;
The images stack on top of one another and look great. It is only the max-width of 767px that are messed up.
I have the site up for anyone to look at and see what is happening.
This addresses the two wide images at the bottom of the page.
Instead of floating the image containers left and right, try setting them to display:inline-block. The images will remain centered whatever the width.
layout.css, Line 179:
.photo_one {
[s]float: left;[/s]
display:inline-block;
.photo_two {
[s]float: right;[/s]
display:inline-block;
It works because, at that width, you set the image container to the width of the images (more or less) so that the images have no option but to sit vertically.
In the scenario where they are staggered, the container is some 748px wide, so the images move as far left and right as they can within that.
Thank you, ronpat. This worked perfectly! Now on to the second page, which will hold the images and the Paypal gateway info.
You are very welcome. Glad to know it worked. The link to your site was most helpful Thanks for the feedback!


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Quilt Lizzy
Quilt Lizzy is a full-service quilt shop in beautiful historic downtown Warrenton, N.C., with thousands of bolts of your favorite name brands such as Moda, Northcott, Hoffman, Timeless Treasures, Blank, Island Batik, RJR & Red Rooster among others. We carry Janome & HandiQuilter plus Horn of America Tables. We finish your quilt tops and offer binding services. Our custom quilts, T-shirt and memory quilts or tote bags make great gifts! Find our event calendar and shop online at www.quiltlizzy.com. Mail or e-mail catalog available upon request.
Quilt Lizzy
110 E Macon Street
Warrenton, NC 27589
(252) 257-7117


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Jasper N Wheeler Biography
1838 - 1864 — Jefferson, Madison & Taylor County, Florida
Jasper N Wheeler was born in about 1838 in Jefferson County, Florida. He can be found accounted for on the 1840 Census for Jefferson County, Florida on his father Zachariah G Wheeler's enumeration (See Uploaded Image). Jasper N Wheeler is also enumerated with his family on the 1850 Census for Madison County, Florida age 12 (See Uploaded Image). Madison County, Florida is connected to Jefferson County, Florida. Jasper N Wheeler was also enumerated on the 1860 Census for Taylor County, Florida with his family, age 22, Occupation Farmer (See Uploaded Image). Taylor County, Florida had been created out of Jefferson and Madison County, Florida in 1856. A document that I found and copied from Cornelious Beazleys' probate records, located at the Keystone Kin Library, Monticello, Jefferson County, Florida, States, "Re Tallahassee March 14th 1860 of J.S. Rust Ext. Of Est C Beazly Twenty Four Dollars for Two Months services as Overseer of Plantation in 1859 - Jasper Wheeler" (See Uploaded Image). On the 1859 Taylor County, Florida Tax Rolls J N Whellor is taxed as, 1 21 year old and up, along side his father Z G Whellor. He is also on the 1860 Taylor County, Florida Tax Rolls, Jasper N is taxed as 1 21 year old and up, along side his father Z G wheeler. Referencing the Soldiers of Florida serving in the Confederate States Army in The War Between the States, 1861 - 1865, Wheeler, J. N. Brigade I Company l Regiment 2. Private joined up 29 June 1861 at Madison; promoted to 5th Sergeant and 1st Sergeant, killed 6 May 1864. Apparently the Florida 2nd Infantry Company l was known as the "Madison Rangers". Jasper N Wheeler was killed in the Battle of Wilderness II, 6 May 1864.


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Spring 2012 Beauty Preview
As if the glare of a life spent in front of the camera weren't enough, today's high-definition standards put every pore and fine line under public scrutiny. Whether on an IMAX screen or caught with a DSLR lens, perfection is the expectation. "Celebrities really hate those pictures," confides New York City plastic surgeon, Michelle Copeland, MD. "It requires them to always be at their best."
Yet from Angelina Jolie to Kate Winslet and Julia Roberts, a bevy of leading ladies manage to pose for cameras with aplomb and nary a flaw. Cherished skin care favorites and clever makeup tricks are what keep these A-listers ready for their close-up, according to the beauty experts who tend to their faces firsthand. Read on for must-have products and secret strategies!
Glamour comes easily to Angeline Jolie who, as the mother of six and one-half of a Hollywood power couple, is perhaps the most photographed woman in the country. While third world charitable causes factor high on her list, her beauty drawer remains a study in luxury.
Napoleon Perdis' Makeup Secrets


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Thank you for inviting me and allowing me to present a few remarks. I could have sent each of you a Twitter, but I thought I would rather talk with you face to face.
Thank you for an outstanding year. It has been, as always, a very busy year on campus and as members of the campus media you have each played an important role in keeping everyone informed and well aware of all that has happened. From broadcasting athletic events, to covering a vice presidential candidate to reporting on who won the Student Senate elections, you have been the conduits of information we all need.
This has also been a year of even more change in communications. I mentioned Twitter which is one of our latest and hottest tools, but then maybe it has already been overtaken by something else. The ability to communicate instantaneously both on and off campus is a tremendous opportunity for you, as well as a great responsibility to ensure that what you do is accurate and appropriate.
The founders of our nation knew full well the importance of the media. That's why it is in the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights. Now, I admit they could not have known how the press, as they called it at the time, would evolve into the technological and social marvel it has become. I think though they would be proud to know that freedom of the press continue as a hallmark of our nation, and that with new technologies that freedom has expanded to others so they can also participate in that right.
In a few short weeks, some of you will graduate and, I hope, as you do, that you will find a job in your respective mediums. Those of you, who will return next year, will start the 2009-2010 academic year with a renewed energy and dedication to your craft.


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|Chakra Enhanced Triple-Bladed Claw
|Naruto Shippūden Episode #57
|Naruto Shippūden: Kizuna Drive
|Appears in
|Anime, Game
This type of tekagi-shuko is a claw with three blades which can be enhanced with the user's chakra, even the user's chakra nature. It has the same effect as Asuma Sarutobi's trench knives.
The original weapon that Sora wielded was broken in a battle with Furido. However, due to an act of kindness from Asuma, it was later reforged with the same special material that was used to make his trench knives. During Naruto's confrontation with the four-tailed Sora, he uses a broken piece of the claw to injure himself in an attempt to prevent his own transformation.


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On June 1, Rachel Fleck joins Rice as director of development for the Jones Graduate School of Business. The latest addition to external relations at the Jones School comes to Houston from Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. "The Jones School has been on an upward track for the last five years, and I'm honored to become part of such a dedicated team focused on its continued climb," Rachel said.A graduate of Central Michigan University with a B.S. in business administration, Rachel has spent her career in development and alumni relations with the University of Michigan, the last five years at Ross. As director of development, she will be active in development efforts for the school and will work closely with Ben Renberg, assistant dean of external relations. "In speaking with Rachel three personal traits stood out, she is motivated, talented, and deliberate. We're excited she's joining our team at the Jones School," Ben said."I've spent the majority of the last four years with business school alums," she said. "The passion and loyalty an alum feels for his or her alma mater is inspiring. I saw the same excitement when I visited the Jones School. This is a great opportunity."The Manchester, Michigan native enjoys traveling, running and spending as much time as possible with her six nieces and nephews.