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Ever since I've started posting here I've had @deathshadow60 on my back about accessibility - which is a good thing as I would of never considered it otherwise. And as a result I've been trying to avoid javascript as much as possible and have been using em heights.
But I've been doing some reading: http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/does-it-still-make-sense-to-use-em-rather-than-pxhttp://www.brucelawson.co.uk/2011/javascript-and-screenreaders/
These articles state that all modern browsers can zoom correctly with pixel-sized fonts and only 1.6% of those using screen readers have js disabled.
Do you agree with these articles, in that I can go around setting fixed-pixel fonts and using javascript without worrying about it affecting accessibility? Are these accessibility concerns over a decade old?
Yes, you can use pixels. Avoiding px was only ever a concession for IE6. IE7 and newer can do full page scaling.
And yes, you can use JavaScript. HOWEVER, you still need to think about accessibility. There are actually several potential issues you'll need to be aware of, so here are a couple links that may help.
The px unit is still dependant on a reference 96dpi and thus em is more suited for fonts.
I surf without JS, so don't always rely upon statistics or focus on AT only - many users with disabilities like myself that may have problems surfing don't use AT.
Even if it were 1% (non JS) the small percentages of big numbers are also big numbers. Again, it doesn't question selective blocking of script(s) either. So keep in mind 'progressive enhancement'.
...I would never [have] considered it otherwise.
I am glad that you admit that and particularly glad that you are now considering it, but this is what causes me to despair about this profession on an almost daily basis. How on earth can any developer not consider accessibility? That is as silly as not considering the possibility of fitting a roof when building a house. I also get quite peeved by talk of percentages: as if a small percentage of mankind does not matter for some unjustifiable reason. The web needs to work to an acceptable level for damn-near everyone: as many people as possible. Developers need to realise that it does not always require additional work, but does require a practical change in how they work and think. If I encounter a website that does not present as much of its content as possible in HTML and instead sticks it all behind some JS rubbish, that is the developer's fault for not doing things right, yet they would give you the impression that it would be my fault for using a browser that does not support JS. And yes, it is not just about JS being disabled.
Anyway, I feel better now that I got that off my chest.
I would still avoid using px to specify font size, for two reasons. First, it lulls you into a false sense of security that you think you are specifying an exact size that every browser will faithfully replicate, and that just isn't the case – you still need to be aware of the need for you design to flex and bend. It's purely psychological, but if you're using ems then you are more likely to be in the right mindset.
But secondly, and more importantly, there are still accessibility/user-friendliness issues around setting the font size in pixels. Yes, IE7+ allows users to zoom in, but it also gives them the option to change the text size without zooming, and it still won't change the size of text that is given in pixels in this context. By the same token, some people have the default font size on their browser set to a larger size so that all websites will appear at that larger size so that they can read them – if your size gives the text size in pixels then this will override their settings so they will have to zoom (which often doesn't give a perfect result) – sure, they can solve the problem, but there shouldn't have been a problem there for them to solve. They had their computer set up right for them, and some web designer's arrogance has undone their efforts.
That doesn't mean you can't or shouldn't use Javascript, it means you mustn't rely on it. By all means use it to enhance the site, to provide additional functionality in a quicker and more user-friendly way, but make sure that all the core content can be reached and read without it.
But secondly, and more importantly, there are still accessibility/user-friendliness issues around setting the font size in pixels. Yes, IE7+ allows users to zoom in, but it also gives them the option to change the text size without zooming, and it still won't change the size of text that is given in pixels in this context. By the same token, some people have the default font size on their browser set to a larger size so that all websites will appear at that larger size so that they can read them – if your size gives the text size in pixels then this will override their settings so they will have to zoom (which often doesn't give a perfect result) – sure, they can solve the problem, but there shouldn't have been a problem there for them to solve. They had their computer set up right for them, and some web designer's arrogance has undone their efforts.
That doesn't mean you can't or shouldn't use Javascript, it means you mustn't rely on it. By all means use it to enhance the site, to provide additional functionality in a quicker and more user-friendly way, but make sure that all the core content can be reached and read without it.
I can't remember where I first heard or read about accessibility in web dev... though it might have been in the intro to Javascript Anthology by brothercake, who is one of the old Standardistas.
Some of them are. Some of them aren't. And your users may not have the newest stuff.
People (except IE users) generally have newer browsers, which is why devs have started using things like CSS3 and HTML5 stuff. However, browsers are free and systems often have auto-update.
Accessibility Technology is often retardedly expensive, and costs money to update or upgrade. There are free Open Source options, but sometimes these are either little known in disabled communities (see the WebAIM survey for screen readers... where they asked if people were aware of NVDA, a free screen reader for Windows. The % was kinda low) or aren't quite up to par working with other proprietary software like Eclipse, Adobe products, Office products or many Enterprise business software, because the open source developers have little or no access to these other products, making integration difficult.I remember Chris Hofstader saying once how Microsoft wasn't willing to give Freedom Scientific (the maker of JAWS and MAGic) the source code to Internet Explorer. So the company basically had to reverse-engineer it. That sounds like suckage.
So while users might have newer browsers, they may not have newer AT. So some of the concerns listed in older resources may still be applicable.
Re zoom: there are some of us, like me, who cannot use zoom on many pages. Zoom increases everything. Pictures too. Images become blurry and trying to read next to blurry images gives me a major headache. If I'm using a zoom-only browser like Chrome or Opera, I have to switch to Firefox, who not only offers text-enlarge only, but also I have a toolbar that lets me block all images (there's probably one for Chrome too, haven't looked). For me, text-enlarge is more necessary than zoom, though zoom is better than nothing. As a developer, I test things I build in both. Opera still does zoom the best of everyone who offers it, I think. One nice example is, Opera will switch to your mobile css if your zoom gets large enough on the screen that things begin not to fit. I think this is awesome, and didn't see this on the other zooming browsers last time I checked.
Thanks for all the advise guys - it's really helpful.
I'd rather not have it come down to choosing between AT and forefront of web technology.
Is there a way to detect AT at all so a different layout could be provided? Maybe I could provide an AT layout my page footer or in the user settings? Something that's not too prominent but can be found if you're looking for it. Any suggestions?
Is there a standard for providing a link to AT layouts? Should there be?
Ryan, the problem with the script you found is - well it isn't reliable, to be frank. People are still finding issues with determining the browsers correctly. Also it doesn't know the DPI of the monitor, which could cause some issues. I recommend people to design their UI so they zoom to 150-200% without the UI blowing up.
You cannot detect AT at this time. I would be very very careful with following this mindset, some people/groups mark this akin to the seperate but equal argumient. If you are a US citizen, you probably know how well that argument went in the civil rights era. You could implement something like the BBC does for allowing people to customize their experience, http://www.bbc.co.uk/accessibility/.
It's pretty easy to get into web development and never hear a peep about it, or maybe just a throwaway phrase in a tutorial somewhere...
That seems to be true now, yes. Actually, you have raised a good point about the state of learning resources at the moment, which too often sell shiny but barely-compatible techniques. But for me at least, accessibility was pretty much always on the radar when I was learning (from 2004 onwards). Its value just made sound sense to me. Maybe I learned from good people.
Ryan: I don't like the philosophy of separate low-tech alternative layouts: more maintenance; not certain to work (cookies off, for example); and it suggests that progressive enhancement has either failed or not been employed at all. But if you need to do it, a link around the same place as you would put skip links seems to be the accepted preference among developers. Having never used this method, I don't know what users think of it.
I used to use a script by some Polish dude... but I guess I purged the bookmark when I quit using converters (it had "riddle" in the URL) because I was using it to get used to "ballparks"... if I wanted a box to be 400px wide, ~ how many em's would that be? It gave me a starting place, and eventually I got a sort of idea of how so-many em's at my current font-size setting would be a certain size. Not exact, because em's just aren't.
For your AJAXy stuff, it might depend on what you're doing. I mean, if you can just make sure boxes can grow (no set heights on them, not everyone being manually positioned everywhere etc) you could still have flexible units and let the flow do its job. If you're integrating images into this, though, that's one case for pixels: images are raster and in pixels and you can't change that (unless you do SVG or something...).
If you wanted, you could post something of your idea and how it's supposed to work, probably several of us could show you various options and ways to tackle this.
What you might also want to do is talk to people like Dennis Lembrée, (spelling?) the guy who made EasyChirp (used to be called AccessibleTwitter, but Twitter doesn't like APIs using their name). Twitter is one of those non-degrading, usually inaccessible applications that everyone is using so even if you're blind or whatever you have to use it too because all your friends and family are... so there are lots of apps that try to "fix" twitter, and Twitter is definitely one of those things that people will insist pretty much need AJAX for everything.If you have a twitter, give him a tweet: @dennislHe runs? a podcast called Web aXe. You should totally contact him. Or ask him for someone else to take a look at what you're planning and give you tips. Especially if accessibility and how AT and humans and devices work is new to you, you can't expect to be able to build this thing the right way the first time. I have little to no experience building interactive widgets, so I can't help more there. If I were suddenly asked to do so, first thing I'd do is ask some of the guys I know who've been doing this a long while to give me tips and ideas, stuff I know I won't think of myself.
I think once you see various ways that you could do things, you can build this ajaxy-thing better, more robust, gracefully degrading and all that, and accessible.
There are some applications that just don't work or make any sense without intensive AJAX. Those are just harder to do accessibly. If this is what you're building, then a separate, lower-level version might be necessary. Yes, I know exactly what the other guys in this thread mean: usually separate is never equal, and usually forgets to get maintained too.But for example, while twitter is difficult to use accessibly by itself, their "mobile" version works better. There are more regular server requests, and things are built based on more assumptions of lower hardware capabilities and the such.
So offering such a version isn't necessarily bad. What you wouldn't want to do, as OtherRyan and Mat pointed out, is try to find out who's got some kind of disability and then somehow choosing the version for them. Similar to how many mobile users, who happen to either have great bandwidth at the moment or a new phone with amazing powers of CPU and Javascript and whatever, get rather pissy when forced onto what they consider a "dumbed-down" or less-capable version of a web site simply because the site managed to detect the device was a mobile.
Let users choose, if you end up needing to go the route of two versions. Which is something you usually want to avoid if you can, since that's twice the maintenance.
I will say, that MENTION bbCode is proving quite useful, wouldn't have found this thread otherwise.
I never said don't use it; it's don't use fat bloated idiotic libraries on normal pages. If you have 10-15k of plain-Jane scripting uncompressed on a page, that gracefully degrades so the page works without it, there's nothing wrong with that. When you have 50 to 300k of scripting including a 32k compressed library just for some goofy menu animation, tracking software that ignores scripting off users and provides no more information than you should be able to glean from your server logs -- THEN it's a problem.
HEIGHTS? I'm assuming you mean font-size, since fixing the heights on elements tends to... well... if it's after the main 'header' area on a page and isn't a fixed size footer for a 100% min-heiht layout... bad things tend to happen.
... and do you know what a pain in the ass it is to have to dive for the zoom every time you visit a different site? Now, sure, CTRL+Wheel gets it done, but said zooming also distorts images, often breaks layouts, and if some dumbass made it fixed width zooming often makes it too large to view...
Even with Opera's massively superior zoom that everyone else has pretty much cloned now (and still suck at compared to Opera) it's a pain in the ass to even have to bother doing in the first place JUST because someone is using px. You end up ctrl-wheel ctrl-0 so often zipping around the web -- it's just wasting the users time to where the people who change the default size are as likely to bounce to some site where it's not an issue than struggle with some {expletive omitted} PX based layout.
... and that's what it's about; automatically supporting the users preference! Most all browsers let you change the default size so you don't HAVE to zoom, it's set for your preference. Opera and IE inherit from the system metric, but you can change it in most other browsers too and the people who need it (or just prefer to sit 3' from the display instead of having their nose pressed against it) are probably not going to be happy with the result of zoom unless you REALLY tested what your page actually does when zoomed.... which NOBODY does, if they did NOBODY would be designing the useless fixed width crap! Useless on my netbook, too small for my desktop, breaks when zoomed on the desktop -- yeah, let's just make it useless for everybody except the handful of people with that magical same mix of screen size and font size as the "designer".
... and why focus on just screen readers? How about all the Opera users who only enable js on a per site basis? How about the users like Mallory (Stomme Poes) who run browser plugins like noScript? Handhelds that don't support it or support it poorly?
I mean sure, if you have a page doing something like Google Maps, where JS is the only way to do it, fine.... but that's a very specific and narrow application; 99% of websites out there aren't pulling those types of stunts, yet you still see them blowing hundreds of K of javascript that to be frank, doesn't do anything USEFUL.
I'm not saying don't use javascript -- I'm saying that on most websites javascript should be used with an eyedropper to enhance the functionality and experience, NOT supplant it. That's the mantra that WAS being drilled into us just a few years ago -- enhance don't supplant. Progressive Enhancement == Graceful degradation. A normal website page, like say a page on a forums, blog, normal site for a business -- if it doesn't work without scripting, you're doing something wrong! Ajax or script manipulating CSS to pretend you have framesets topping the list of the broken idiocy.
Well, even if the arguments against held water (which they do like a steel sieve -- that's the best kind of sieve you know!) the page by Dave Calhoun then goes on to list legitimate reasons to keep using it...
But his understanding of the "original reason" is 100% fiction. The reason to use %/EM for font sizes is so that if the system metric or browser default font size is different, the page text automatically enlarges to match. That's it. It has NOTHING to do with using the scroll wheel -- it's about supporting 72 dpi handhelds, 75dpi 'big iron' *nix, 120dpi desktop users like myself, and moving forward users of the 144dpi setting that is common on Win7 media center installs -- As well as people who change the default size in the browser on purpose. What screen readers even have to do with the topic is beyond me making his entire "original reason" bit 100% "pulling it out of his backside" -- though he admits that by starting with the phrase "As far as I can tell" -- someone needs to research deeper before opening their yap.
Of course, with StackOverflow being the 4chan of software development, it's no wonder we have people too stupid to even make a coherent statement about it much less understand how it works running their mouths. See the "and their inheritance can be an absolute nightmare" statement, which is one of the dumbest things I've seen said on the Internet given how SIMPLE it is; unless of course you're one of these people that feels the need to declare font-size on EVERY element for Christmas only knows what reason. Good rule of thumb, if it's not a heading, leave it alone! Set your starting size on body, scale headings up from that, where's the problem? The respondents there are just as blissfully unaware of large font/120 dpi users and people who change the browser default as the first article you linked to was.
The thing is it's not about using graceful degrading javascript and the COMPLETE LIE of focusing on nothing but screen readers, as if that's the only thing that matters in terms of 'accessibility' -- forgetting the people who intentionally block scripts due to not trusting them, turning them off due to the bandwidth INCREASE due to things like metered connections or narrow pipes, handhelds still in circulation who can't handle scripting, said scripting possibly making targeting narrow screens with media types harder... I could go on for another two paragraphs about that.
In general, the pages you linked to are by people who didn't understand the point of the technologies they were flapping their gums over, or focused on one narrow reason instead of the big picture where there are dozens of reasons... Just like most people don't get the POINT of HTML... delivering content in a device neutral manner so the user agent can best determine how to show it; playing to the point of CSS -- customizing presentation for specific targets. Hence "separation of presentation from content".
They also started to tread into the 'statistics defense' -- which most always sets off my BS Alarm, since that is one of the 'lame excuses'; I call them "Percenters" -- oh this group is only 1% so who cares, this group is only 5% we don't need to worry about them, Opera users are only 3% so they can go shtup themselves. These people aren't my 'target audience' so who cares what happens when they visit -- until you add it all together and realize you've alienated 100% of potential visitors in one way or the other.
Case in point. No offense, but BULLCOOKIES! It was not just about IE6... IE7 auto-enlarges to the system metric... IE8/newer does auto-adjust the zoom but many people turn that off and set it back to the old scaling so they don't get badly resized images and broken layouts, you can make FF and Chrome default larger, Opera obeys the host OS system metric for pages too! It was NEVER about "just IE6" -- don't know who started that rumor -- probably one of those webkit developers who still thinks "but all computers think in 96dpi". %/EM is about automatically scaling to the users default preference font size WITHOUT image distortions from them being resized and without the user having to even THINK about using the zoom... because for many users if they have to zoom, they'll not even bother coming back to the site. Instant bounce.
Hell, I'd not visit 90% of vBull based websites (including this one) if I hadn't taken the time to add a custom user.css to override it's retarded 13px font sizes. (Thanks vBull!)
Falls into the same misinformation as the whole 62.5% rubbish. That bekaptah nonsense being made by the morons who completely missed the entire point of %/em in the first place -- that being 1EM/100% is NOT supposed to automatically be the same size or ratio to pixels across systems. That's WHY you're supposed to use it... so that it automatically enlarges to the host OS default size and/or browser default size without the user having to play with the zoom on every site-load or browser startup!
... and it's not like %/em is hard? Where in blazes do people get that nonsense? Oh wait, probably from the fixed width layout idiots, Photoshop jockeys with their "not viable for web deployment -- but I can do it in Photoshop" garbage, and a whole host of other layout concepts that should have been left on the cutting room floor (see the wonderful "three across equal width equal height with text inside it in the middle of the main content column" idiocy.)
I mean really, you set it once on body... you scale your headings which are the only things that should really have size changes based off that body declaration... MAYBE make sidebar stuff a hair smaller just so it doesn't distract from the content -- DONE. It's not rocket science.
... and there are cases where PX is your only sane choice -- like when you have fixed size images you need to interact with, or a fixed height footer due to wanting a 100% min-height layout -- in those cases you're best off just using a size nobody is going to get their panties in a twist over being too small... so 14px minimum, 16px or larger better. Just don't do it to the whole page -- menus, headings behind image replacements (and set overflow to cut it off thanks to firefox's sweetly retarded cousin of Netscape 4 behavior)... etc... So long as the CONTENT people are actually visiting the site for is dynamic (%/em), you can play it a bit fast and loose and use px on things like menus, disclaimer in the footer, etc. (though if Gecko wasn't a total retard about adding together %/em, you could use %/em for fixed footers). Remember, window dressing is never as important as what the customer came in the door for... which in the case of a website is the CONTENT.
Unless of course you're dumb enough to try and declare a content area with a fixed height, fixed width, and all the other design concepts that burns the mere notion of an accessible website at the stake, pisses on the ashes, and then a week later decides to defile it's grave.
+1 to pretty much all of that rant, particularly the bit about statistics, which are a false deity.
The ultimate conclusion to what some devs do will be to take a photo of each web page and replace the whole site with a jQuery slideshow.
Ryan: you're probably reviewing your plans right now and asking yourself whether any parts of what you plan to do with JS and AJaX are actually necessary, and if they are, can they be layered on unobtrusively. If any are not necessary, do they really add anything for Joe User? If not, start asking that.
Oh, just to illustrate 'large fonts/120dpi' -- or as Win7 now calls it "medium" since 144dpi is the new "large"
Excuse the 1.3 megabyte 5888x1280 screencap... that's two 1920x1200 displays on right, two 1024x1280 portrait on left. Pervasive to ALL applications -- and exactly what %/em are there to obey!
Interesting links, considering the first is from 2003 (Opera 7, Netscape 7, IE 6... really?) -- Also fun the example of 'good scripting' which is javascript bloat doing CSS' job; though at least it does say you can do it without scripting...
The second is from a source I wouldn't expect to know the first thing about accessibility... what with the crappy fixed width, px layout, lack of scripting off graceful degradation... or the video I can't seem to watch without downloading it... The video problem probably just being Yahoo's "Oh you're a Opera user? Well **** you!" (an attitude a lot of sites seem to have ingrained into them)
Of course that has little to do with the actual subject of the page, it's just funny to see an accessibility topic on a page that is anything but... Not that I've EVER been able to sit through a 'presentation' or video of a presentation without falling asleep. Anybody got a transcript?
Accessibility principles haven't changed much. It feels like you're just trying to pick a fight by objecting to the date.
Nowhere do they claim that rollovers are a good use of JavaScript. What they actually claim is that this is an example of JavaScript that does not impact accessibility. Again, are you just trying to pick a fight with these silly objections?
Whether a page fills your large screen is not an accessibility issue. Neither is using px units. Anyone who wants the page or the text to be bigger can zoom.
It looks and works fine for me in Opera. Don't be so quick to jump to conspiracy theories.
That was actually NOT my intent on the first one -- to me older articles hold more weight in some respects... at least compared to anything written the past two to three years as the jquery for everything, HTML5 before it's ready or even worth TRYING to use for ANYTHING, and all the other idiocy that is slowly trashing the Internet to the point where it's not as useful a tool (for me at least) as it was a decade ago! It's truly SCREWED UP when the garbage non-semantic table for layout HTML 3.2 nonsense is more useful than most of the crap being vomited up by todays "leading" developers in HTML 5, jquery, and photoshop jockeys who have no business designing for the web in the first place!
Using that as an example, whatever the reason is just bad... waste of javascript; advocating bad code just because it not working scripting off doesn't break the page is still advocating bad coding practice. See the mm_ javascript idiocy that is in every Dreamweaver template. Though again I pointed out they at least had the courtesy to point out it can be done without scripting -- it should have been clearer that using scripting for it in the first place was bad practice.
Funny, you're focusing on the one I had no REAL objections to, instead of the one that's a giant mess.
... and your sites are a bounce.... Yeah, and I'm the one trying to pick a fight... Read the posts in this thread much? Understand the point of %/em over px? Statements like that shows you don't. I'd suggest you take the time to READ and maybe COMPREHEND the post before the one you replied to. Then you might understand the context of my screenshot.
Sorry, but when it's Y! or Microsoft not working in Opera, it's a matter of FACT for me. MOSTLY because they seem to not even be able to declare sizes consistently with their willy-nilly mix of not declaring line-heights, using em heights, with px fonts, so the video is covered by the text below it! Prevents one from clicking on play -- unusual since you usually can't get text to overlap a object tag...
I'll admit that when I first started using em's, I ran into this now and then, and I've heard plenty of other developers who have the same trouble, but everywhere.
The trick is to use font settings right. And be aware what "1em" means. It doesn't mean 16px (even though on many machines that's about what it'll display as, sometimes). Like opacity (where people also get tripped up... setting 0.5 opacity on a box and then wanting the child to be opaque and trying to set the child to 1.0 opacity... same thing really), em's are based on whatever the parent element is set at, and 1em == 100% of the parent/ancestor's size. Maybe % is an easier unit to start with if you're switching from px layouts and px fonts.
Also, I can't believe I forgot to address this:
All IE's don't do text-enlarge if you set the font size in px. It's just that IE7 introduced (a terrible) zoom feature which some users had to use in order to compensate. But it is true if you try to set the "text-enlarge" in IE, even 9, it doesn't on px fonts. IE believes a pixel is a pixel and does not grow them. Sometimes I think that's true and maybe IE is doing the right thing... well, except now we have "CSS pixels" and with the smart phones it's getting really silly
That IE does page zooming is no small detail. Anyone who needs larger text has a mechanism to do so, which is why px units isn't an accessibility issue.
Apart from the broken layouts, fixed layouts that end up too big once zoomed, and it not AUTOMATICALLY appearing larger without resizing everything as large font/120 dpi users expect, not appearing smaller as 72/75 dpi users (admittedly a rarity) expect, not appearing really large as 144dpi media center machines would expect... all without diving for the zoom, and all because "wah, I don't wanna use EM's" -- RIGHT.
Though again, focusing on just IE misses the point -- as if IE was the reason (hell, gecko was called netscapes retarded cousin in regards to %/EM and the host OS for a reason!)... since you can change the default in most every browser, and em is based off the default; whatever that default may be set to -- that's the entire point so people don't have to use the zoom when they've already told the OS "I want 25% larger fonts by default on everything".
As a large font/120dpi user, I lack the words in polite company for what I have to say in regards to "oh you can just use the browser's zoom".
EM is about scaling fonts to the users preference without breaking your layout or resizing images... automatically, without going to the zoom... Just exactly what is this mysterious fictional 'problem' people have with that?!?


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The aorta is the main artery carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body. After each heart beat, the valve closes tightly to prevent blood from flowing backwards into the heart. Aortic insufficiency occurs when the aortic valve does not close tightly enough.
There are 2 types of aortic insufficiency:
Aortic Valve Insufficiency
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Aortic insufficiency can be caused by:
Sometimes the cause of aortic insufficiency is unknown.
Factors that may increase your chances of developing aortic insufficiency include:
Symptoms of aortic insufficiency include:
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Images may be taken of your heart. This can be done with:
Treatment options depend on the severity and history of the valve leakage. It also depends on its effects on the heart's size and function. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you.
In chronic and slowly progressive aortic insufficiency, treatment may involve taking medication. Surgery is needed in severe cases.
Depending on your condition, your doctor may schedule routine physical exams and echocardiograms.
Medications cannot fix the valve, but they can be used to treat aortic insufficiency. Medication used may include:
If the condition is rapidly declining, surgery is needed.
There are several open heart surgeries that can fix leaking valves. The type chosen will depend on the valve and the knowledge of the surgeon.
American Heart Association
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Public Health Agency of Canada
Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada
Aortic regurgitation. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T113982/Aortic-regurgitation. Updated March 31, 2016. Accessed September 27, 2016.
Aortic valve stenosis (AS) and aortic insufficiency (AI). American Heart Association website. Available at: http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_307649.pdf. Published 2009. Accessed August 20, 2014.
Coarctation of aorta. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116066/Coarctation-of-aorta. Updated December 8, 2015. Accessed September 27, 2016.
Congenital heart defects. Kids Health—Nemours Foundation website. Available at: http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/medical/heart/congenital_heart_defects.html. Updated January 2012. Accessed August 20, 2014.
Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, Nistri S, Dalla Volta S. Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:689.
What are congenital heart defects? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website. Available at: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/chd/chd_what.html. Updated July 1, 2011. Accessed August 20, 2014.
Last reviewed September 2016 by Michael J. Fucci, DO
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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The Golden State has become something of a goldmine for potential identity thieves, having leaked thousands of residents' Social Security numbers this past year.
The most recent instance, originally reported by KCRA-TV, occurred just last month, when California's DHCS (Department of Health Care Services) accidentally published online Social Security numbers and identifying information for some 14,000 Medi-Cal providers. There they remained accessible for nine days, from Nov. 5 through Nov. 14, according to a letter (PDF) from Karen Johnson, chief deputy director for the DHCS.
The SSNs were still retrievable via Google search for at least six more days, according to the letter -- but the department didn't realize it until notified by a provider: "DHCS's IT staff immediately took steps to ensure that any data from the lists was removed from Google and verified the data was not present in other search engines."
While Johnson said in the letter that "the likelihood that the SSNs would have been identified and used by an unauthorized party is not high," the DHCS said it would provide a year's worth of free credit monitoring for affected individuals.
Johnson also noted that the department "has taken immediate action to prevent such errors such as this from occurring" and "our IT staff have implemented additional quality control measures."
Unfortunately, those assurances ring hollow, considering this is the second time this year that California's in-home care providers have seen the state mishandle their data. Per Threatpost, the state's Department of Social Services last May mistakenly mailed an unencrypted microfiche containing 750,000 provider's SSNs and ID numbers to the wrong office. Upon arrival, the microfiche was damaged and information was missing.
This story, "California leaks Social Security numbers for second time this year," was originally published at InfoWorld.com. Get the first word on what the important tech news really means with the InfoWorld Tech Watch blog. For the latest developments in business technology news, follow InfoWorld.com on Twitter.


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Fans, Can You Name That Set?by Maria Russo in Community, September 7th, 2013
Week after week you tune in to see your favorite stars' shows and watch as they turn out signature specialties with ease. You're familiar with their cooking styles, can list their go-to ingredients and have memorized some of their best recipes. But could you identify the set on which each tapes if they weren't standing in it? If the space was simply empty? FN Dish is kicking off a brand-new series in which we're challenging you, the fans, to name that set.
Take a peek at the photo above for the premiere challenge. Do you know which chef calls this space his or her own? For help in answering, check out the clues below to find hints; then click to find out if you guessed correctly.
1. This set was also home to an epic Thanksgiving throwdown with Bobby Flay back in 2010.
2. For the chef and popular blogger who cooks here, this space isn't just a set; it's also his or her recipe test kitchen, and he or she lives just down the road from here.
3. Not pictured above are the pair of basset hounds and several cats that frequently make guest appearances on this star's show.


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Amsterdam and Stockholm were fabulous. Thanks to Jens, Nils & Peder for their offers of hospitality and assistance around Stockholm. I could visit Stockholm at one end of my IBC trip; let me know if you'd like to meet. I know this place that serves awesome reindeer…
My prediction of new SDKs containing XCode and .NET 2005 samples was overly-optimistic; the Jell-O is still setting. I'll let everyone know when they're up.
I quite enjoyed this year's NAB (my 9th); very pleasant this year. Adobe's booth looked wonderful, standing room only. The Plug-in Pavilion had traffic and the Adobe-adjacent position seemed ideal. Over the next month or so, I plan to meet with multiple Adobe VPs to discuss improvements to how we work with developers.
Your input is appreciated.
And now, the content that made me flag this with the "irrelevant" topic:
Me, looking thoughtful (and furry):


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dlg2html is a set of Bash shell scripts which help automate the conversion of DLG Pro message bases to HTML for archiving or mirroring on the Web. (DLG Pro is a Bulletin Board System for Amiga personal computers.) The HTML message files contain the appropriate links to the next and previous messages, as well as to any replies or referenced messages. A message index is also produced. dlg2html works with terminal dumps of DLG message boards, which means that you do not need access to the actual BBS files to perform the conversion.
FUDforum is a templatable forum with i18n support based on PHP and either MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, or SQLite. It features a user/group management system, a multi-lingual spell checker, both flat and thread message views, a private messaging system with multi-user forwarding capabilities, poll file attachments, and much more. It is an extremely fast and scalable forum that can fulfil the needs of both small and large forum operators.
TinyIB is a lightweight PHP image board which emulates the functionality of 4chan. If you use MySQL or SQLite, you can use it to create an efficient setup able to handle large amounts of traffic. If you don't use a database, it can store posts as text files for a portable setup capable of running on virtually any PHP host.
Ansilove/PHP is a set of tools that convert ANSi and artscene-related file formats into PNG images, supporting ANSi (.ANS), PCBOARD (.PCB), BiNARY (.BIN), ADF (.ADF), iDF (.IDF), TUNDRA (.TND), and XBiN (.XB) formats. It includes a command line converter and a library for doing "on the fly" conversions. It creates optimized 4-bit PNG files and supports SAUCE, 80x25, 80x50, Amiga fonts, and iCE colors. It supports 14 MS-DOS charsets (IBM PC, Baltic, Cyrillic, French Canadian, Greek (CP737 and 869), Hebrew, Icelandic, Latin-1, Latin-2, Nordic, Portuguese, Russian, Turkish) as well as unofficial charsets (Armenian, Persian).
Qodem is a re-implementation of the Qmodem DOS shareware communications package, updated for more modern uses. Major features include Unicode support, scrollback buffer, capture file, screen dump, dialing directory, keyboard macros, script support, Xmodem, Ymodem, Zmodem, and Kermit. It can connect over serial port, telnet, ssh, rlogin, and command line, and supports multiple terminal emulations including ANSI.SYS, Avatar, VT100/102, VT220, and Linux.
Sukiyaki was born out of what the author sees as a much needed improvement to current imageboard/BBS software. They're flaky, often have security flaws that users take advantage of, and worst of all, they have the same UI from the mid-nineties. It's time for an update! Sukiyaki visually organizes replies in threads so that it is clear who the reply is sent to. It is written using Django with its wonderful ORM, which helps reduce security vulnerabilities. It has been tested in production and is stable. It also includes a unique system for user-ranking of posts. Planned features include RSS updates for individual boards and threads, and there is a faster backend (Django-Treebeard).
MBSE BBS is a full Fidonet-capable ANSI BBS package including a mailer (ifcico clone), tosser, ticfile processor, filefind, and other utilities. It supports fully configurable ANSI menus, multiple languages, IEMSI, standard file transfer protocols, and native Linux doors. The mailer supports the FTS-0001, YooHoo/2U2, EMSI protocols over modem, and the TCP/IP Binkp and IFC protocols, Zedzap, Zmodem, Telink, and Hydra file transfer protocols. Full FTN mail support, including automatic routing for hub and host systems, is included. A Fidonet/Internet gateway is also built-in. The internal mail format is JAM (c) messagebase, and there is full tic file support, including extended tic files.
A decentralised packaging system.
Small Unix networking tools.


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For many lunar moons now, I've positioned Mr. Ludwig van Beethoven atop my list of favorite all-time composers. There are many reasons for this. First, Beethoven is a tweener. He was born at the tail-end of the Classical period, and subsequently paved a golden-brick-road for the up-and-uproarious Romantic era. He wasn't Classical. And he wasn't Romantic. This made Beethoven in between periods and thus a tweener.
I, too, am a tweener because I feel as if I'm perpetually in between classifications of all types and walks. I like Beethoven bunches because we're both tweeners. But that's not all. I dig his tunes Major and Minor. Beethoven's masterpieces have a dark quality – one that teeters the edge of implosion. This speaks to me, for I too have some dark qualities (like eyes 'n hair 'n humor.) I also teeter the edge of implosion. (Why do you think I run? I'm preventing a teetering implosion.)
Mozart is too happy (this ain't kindergarten), Strauss too waltzy (unless you're Andre Rieu), Bach too rigid (imply: predictable), Chopin too amorous (makes me blush), and Liszt (with his fifteen-inch phalanges) has too many notes. But Beethoven? Beethoven speaks to me. Beethoven knows my language. Beethoven knows how I feel.
(For the record, I adore all of the above mentioned composers. They just aren't as Bad A as Beethoven.)
This weekend I watched a movie about Beethoven and discovered yet another reason for my prolonged attraction. Beethoven was bat-shit crazy. Nuts, I say, nuts. Prone to manic episodes of dramatic highs 'n lows.
Dearest, beloved Luie? I'm bat-shit crazy too! Cheers.
Being as I'm happy to admit that I'm crazy in the likes of Beethoven-bat-shit-crazy, today's Tuesday Tunes are about lunacy. And remember, don't waste your weary-time over the self-proclaimed crazy, waste your weary-time on people who think they're sane.
The Lunatics (Have Taken Over The Asylum) The Fun Boy ThreeI Almost Lost My Mind Pinetop Perkins
I'm Going Slightly Mad Queen
I'm Going Slightly Mad Queen
Crazy On You Blitzen Trapper
Mental Eels
Your Head's Too Big The Ditty Bops
Hyper Chondriac Music Muse
Can't Get You Out Of My Head Kylie Minogue
Paranoid Megadeth
Where Is My Mind? Pixies
Mad World Tears for Fears
Paranoiattack The Faint
Cold Brains Beck
Suspicious Minds Fine Young Cannibals
Do-Wacka-Do Roger Miller
Shine On You Crazy Diamond (Parts I-V) Pink Floyd
Shine On You Crazy Diamond (Parts VI-IX) Pink Floyd
In My Head No Doubt
Got A Lot On My Head The Cars
Could've Gone Mad Poe
Crazy Tori Amos
All In My Mind Love and Rockets
Manic Monday The Bangles
Partizan / Drives Me Crazy Partizan
Crazy Seal (... we're never gonna survive unless we get a little crazy... )
It's All In Your Mind Beck
Let's Get Crazy White Lion
Map Of Your Head Muse
City Of Delusion Muse
Brain Damage Pink Floyd
Church Of The Poison Mind Culture Club
Crazy James
Manic Depression Jimi Hendrix
Just got bored with the copy 'n paste. Want more? Holler.
Crazy On You Heart
My Mind Is Ramblin The Black Keys
I'll Go Crazy If I Don't Go Crazy Tonight U2
Mad Season Matchbox Twenty
Psycho Theme The Ghost Doctors
Paranoid Eyes Pink Floyd
Always On My Mind Elvis Presley
Lost in My Mind The Head and the Heart
You Nearly Lose Your Mind Leon Redbone
You Call It Madness Nat King Cole
Lunatic Fringe Red Rider
I'm Mad Willie Mabon
Trigger Happy Jack (Drive By a Go-Go) Poe
Sir Psycho Sexy Red Hot Chili Peppers
Madder Red Yeasayer
Out Of My Mind Duran Duran
Psycho Therapy The Ramones
Crazy For You Madonna
Leave You Far Behind Lunatic Calm
We're All Mad Here Tom Waits
Crazy Patsy Cline
Space Dementia Muse
Crazy Ones John Mellencamp
You're Crazy Guns N' Roses
Blow Your Mind Langhorne Slim
Teenage Lobotomy The Ramones
MindKilla Gang Gang Dance
I'm Deranged (Edit) David Bowie
I Wanna Go Crazy (Featuring Will.I.Am) [Explicit] David Guetta - Will.I.Am
Rambling On My Mind Robert Johnson
Troubled Mind Kula Shaker
I Think I'm Paranoid Garbage
Luie just might roll over in his grave after listening to the playlist I put together in his honor.


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This isn't something that's personally affected me at work yet, but it is happening to someone I know right now.
His boss his very Christian, while my friend is an Atheist. This boss keeps starting these one-on-one discussions during lunch that go along the lines of, "It's amazing how complicated x is - there's no way we could possibly be able to do that or explain it ourselves", to which my friend will side-step the statement with something like "lol not yet!" and try to change the subject. The first time they had a discussion like this (which again the boss initiated), my friend got more "into it" than he realized he probably should have, and it left a bad taste in both his and his boss's mouths. Ever since then he's tried to avoid any kind of discussion about religion (or the lack thereof), but his boss won't let it drop. Today my friend even went so far as to say he didn't want to talk about religion at work, and his boss responded that to him, it wasn't a religious discussion, just "logic".
If I were in his situation I'd be freaking out, not just out of being furious but because of being scared to lose my job. I told him to document everything said, and told him any different treatment he receives, even if he's not fired, is still religious discrimination. It's not even right that he's being forced to have these religious conversations with his boss (who I should mention actually OWNS the company), but what can he do? Suing/lawyers cost money, and it's not like it's even gotten that far yet. It's just a nasty, precarious situation to be in, and it'd be nice to shut it down as quickly, quietly and amiably as possible. He doesn't want to leave the company anytime soon, and with this being his first career-oriented job out of college and only being there for a year, it's not like he could find another job that easily even if he decided to look.
Any input would be valued and appreciated. Thanks!
Views: 284
I would look for a different job, even though you said it would be hard to find. This boss is a bigot. I have dealt with religious bigot bosses before. It will only get worse. The way he is speaking to your friend is not ethical. I don't want your friend to get fired for saying the wrong thing. The only other thing he can do is pretend to agree with him, and trust me after a while that is going to really hurt your friend emotionally. I did that once and that ended up being the reason I eventually quit the job before I even had another job.
Debating religion with a 'Boss' is a no win!
If he 'losses' the debate, he can make up some trumped up charge and release you, many states are 'at will' for employment. By default, he WINS!
If he 'wins', will he continue to try to sell to you? Will he define you as an 'undesirable', then release/fire you? He wins again!
You could ask for legal aide, asserting that the work place/environment is adversarial, or that the boss is useing bullying tactics. This might work, but it will be a crapy working environment for both of you.
You might ask him to leave religion, at work, as off limits. This might be only as good as his memory, but his true believer status will goude him on to greater insults, and demands on your conformity. Again legal action might work, but...
I have people who bring up the argument that life is too complicated to have formed anywhere else and so I usually pull out the facts.
The fact that between dark energy and dark matter, 96% of the universe we both can't see and don't have any idea what it is. So I suggest that they close one eye and squint the other enough so that they have to look through their eyelashes. Then I suggest the fact that what they can see and describe in the room is a lot more than we can see or describe in the universe so chances are that we don't really know and it's probably premature to assume we know what is and what is not possible.
Unfortunately most of the people I use that on make the assumption I am trying to call them stupid so it's probably not a good one to use on the boss. BUT it does keep the people from bring up the argument again.
A similar thing happen to me while at a party several years ago. I was listen to a conversation between a man and woman. The conversation was, on the surface, about 'why we cannot see all the stars'. After a few minutes, with the guy fumbling the question, and clearly loseing the interest of the dear woman, I said, 'most of the sky around the planet is below our FEET! There is only a very small cone of light at any time reaching our local point on the planet's surface'. Latter the guy came up to me letting me know about his dislike for me messing up his pickup line! Damned failed nerd....
Sadly the woman never connected with me, oh well....know it all....


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The Most (and Least) Exciting Beers of 2011
If this was the year of the blackout — "blackout in a can," bros icing bros, traffic reporters — then the blackout began with an award-winning performance. Rip Torn, he of the Oscar nomination and the heretofore unquestioned bellow, got loaded and wandered his way into a closed bank with a loaded handgun. Much ensued, and not just a write-off from 30 Rock.
The perils of drinking often extend beyond the issue of belligerently drunk, armed geriatrics, as we know. Which is why designers in the United Kingdom invented the shatter-proof pint glass, thus reducing brawl-induced injuries and saving about $4 billion a year in health-care costs. It remains unclear whether these figures account for costs associated with victims bludgeoned repeatedly with shatter-proof pint glasses.
The Ten Best Airport Restaurants in the World


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Frontal lobe injury is an aspect of brain damage.
The frontal lobe of the human brain is both relatively large in mass and less restricted in movement than the posterior portion of the brain.[2] It is a component of the cerebral system, which supports goal directed behavior.[3] This lobe is often cited as the part of the brain responsible for the ability to decide between good and bad choices, as well as recognize the consequences of different actions. Because of its location in the anterior part of the head, the frontal lobe is arguably more susceptible to injuries. Following a frontal lobe injury, an individual's abilities to make good choices and recognize consequences are often impaired. Memory impairment is another common effect associated with frontal lobe injuries, but this effect is less documented and may or may not be the result of flawed testing.[4] Damage to the frontal lobe can cause increased irritability, which may include a change in mood and an inability to regulate behavior.[2] Particularly, an injury of the frontal lobe could lead to deficits in executive function, such as anticipation, goal selection, planning, initiation, sequencing, monitoring (detecting errors), and self-correction (initiating novel responses).[5] Perhaps the most famous case of executive function impairment following a frontal lobe injury is Phineas Gage, the railroad worker impaled through the frontal lobe by a rail spike in the 1800s.[2]
Phineas GageEdit
Only 25 years old in the year 1848, a construction worker by the name of Phineas Gage experienced a terrible, yet intriguing brain injury. In an accidental explosion, a 13-pound iron rod shot into his cheek (under the left zygomatic arch) and out of the top of his head, (left of the midline).[6][7] Despite speculation and folklore about the location of Gage's cerebral injury, damage was limited specifically to the left frontal lobe.[1] While he amazingly survived, the impalement led to changes in his behavior/personality. The details of the resulting changes that have been reported over the years differ, but what remains clear is that Gage's behavior changed after his accident.[7] Gage's friends simply described him as "no longer Gage," and he was subsequently fired from his railroad job for his inability to "work with others," even though he was still physically capable of doing the work; this coincides with a found correlation of poor employment outcomes associated with injuries involving an object striking the head.[6][8] Phineas Gage is one of the most famous cases of survival after a substantial brain injury, and assuredly the most famous case of resulting personality changes.
A moral man, Phineas Gage,
Tamping powder down holes for his wage,
Blew the last of his probes
Through his two frontal lobes;
Now he drinks, swears, and flies in a rage. (Unknown Author)
Neuropsychological EffectsEdit
Patients with damaged frontal lobes often complain of minimal to substantial memory loss. Because of this, frontal lobe lesions (injuries) have long been associated with memory problems, despite little evidence actually showing this relation to be true. In fact, when patients with such injuries are tested using standard memory tests, they often score within normal. Close relatives of these same patients, however, may describe substantial "everyday memory problems." Why does this disparity occur? When the memory of some such patients has been looked at more closely, it is not the memory system itself that is afflicted, but the "functions" of the frontal lobe that ''facilitate memory''.[4] It is important to note that the memory referred to here is working memory. Working memory is closely involved with the ability to hold attention; or put another way, maintain goals.[9] Working memory is not simply how much information you can maintain in a brief period of time; this describes primary memory, and a small part of working memory relates to it. The important part of working memory is secondary memory, in which an individual retrieves information. Those with high working memory are able to perform this retrieval even when distracted by another task. Patients with damaged frontal lobes show lower working memory and, therefore, a lessened ability to retrieve information from their secondary memory.[10]
Risk TakingEdit
An increase in impulsivity and/or risk taking is often seen in individuals following frontal lobe damage. While these two concepts may seem to have the same meaning, they are indeed different; impulsivity is simply a response disinhibition, while risk taking is related to the reward-based aspects of decision-making.[11] Put more simply, an impulsive person will make a decision quickly, without considering the consequences, leading ultimately to a lack of self-control. Contrarily, risk takers will look at the consequences but not weigh them; they will jump at the opportunity of a reward even if the likelihood of receiving that reward is slim. The increase of risk taking amongst damaged frontal lobe patients can be directly observed during gambling, and gambling tasks have been developed to measure such behavior.
Determining the EffectsEdit
Types of TestsEdit
Before more advanced technology came about, scientists tested individual behavior using more low-tech means. As technology progressed, so did the tests scientists administer to evaluate a person's cognitive function.[12]
In testing the behavioral effects of a frontal lobe injury, however, many of the tests are still very simple and do not involve greatly advanced technology.
Gambling TaskEdit
While there are variations in carrying out this test, a pure form should show an inverse relationship between the probability of obtaining a reward and the value of the reward itself; that is to say, a low probability but a high reward or a high probability but a low reward.[11] This ensures that actual gambling skills are not being tested, but simply the preference for high reward despite the risks (risk taking). In one of the ways to carry this out, a set of cards will be presented face down to the individual being tested; one of the cards would be the winning card, and all the others, losers. Cards will then be continuously removed from the pile and added back in randomly, during which time the winning card could be anywhere. Subjects being tested are told they can stop the process at any time and have the cards flipped over; if the winning card is present within the pile they win points. The catch, however, is that more points are awarded when less cards are present; but when less cards are present, the probability of the winning card being within the pile is less. Risk takers are those that go for the higher reward (more points), even though they are less likely to actually receive that reward. They choose a higher, less likely award, over a lower, more probable reward. Subjects that have experienced a frontal lobe injury show just such behavior when tested.
Wisconsin Card Sorting TaskEdit
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) is often used to assess any dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, the front-most area of the frontal lobe. It specifically measures a human's executive functioning.[13] An individual being tested (the testee) is told to match test cards to reference cards according to shape, color, or number of stimuli on the cards. The administrator of the test gives feedback after each match, allowing the testee to determine the correct rule of classification. Once a fixed number of correct matches is made, the administrator (unbeknownst to the testee) changes this rule. Now the individual being tested must switch to a new (different) mode of classification to receive feedback from the test administrator that the task is being carried out correctly. Therefore, this task specifically measures cognitive flexibility, the ability to modify the way in which one responds when presented with a new goal/objective.
A saccade is a fast movement of the eyes in a certain direction. In the most simplistic form, there are two types of saccade tests administered in which the only requirement is movement of the eye: the prosaccade and the antisaccade.[14] In the prosaccade, participants are required to quickly look toward a point in response to some attention-catching cue, such as a flashing light. Because there are very powerful evolutionary forces that work to automatically focus attention toward prepotent (greater in power) stiumuli, this type of test does not call upon an individual's executive control; therefore, the prosaccade is not relevant when testing the effects of frontal lobe damage on executive cognitive control and working memory.[14] Conversely, the antisaccade test requires not only ignoring the flashing cue, but looking in the opposite direction. This task calls for inhibition of a prepotent response as well as planning and executing an eye movement that contradicts instinct. In the anti-saccade test, an individual has to set the goal of ignoring these instincts and continue to ''maintain'' this goal. Those with frontal lobe injuries show lower working memory, and therefore typically do not test well in the antisaccade test.
Flaws in TestingEdit
While impulsivity and risk-taking behavior are both commonly observed following a frontal lobe injury, such traits are hard to evaluate and quantify without some degree of subjectivity.[11] The definitions of these traits are themselves not completely straightforward, nor are they always agreed upon. As a result, the methods to measure such behaviors often differ, and this should be taken into consideration when comparing data/results from different sources. Because of this, caution should be taken in how to interpret different results.
It is also important to remember that a single test cannot be used to measure the effects of a frontal lobe injury, or the aspects of cognitive function it may affect, such as working memory; variety of tests must be used. A subject may be good at one task but show dysfunction in executive function overall. Similarly, test results can be made misleading after testing the same individual over a long period of time. The subject may get better at a task, but not because of an improvement in executive cognitive function. He/she may have simply learned some strategies for doing this particular task that made it no longer a good measurement tool.[10]
Patients with damaged frontal lobes often complain of minimal to substantial memory loss, even though when such patients are tested using standard memory tests, they often score within normal. The disparity could be the result of the limits of these standardized tests.[4] Just as likely, the scientific community may not be comparing the right groups of people. Little is understood about frontal lobe functions facilitating memory, but what is clear is that more in-depth research of brain injury patients is needed. Because most research compares those with brain injuries (whether frontal lobe or not) and those without, the scientific community is unsure whether certain memory impairment is specific to frontal lobe injuries, or just traumatic brain injuries in general. There are many factors to consider when examining the effects of a traumatic brain injury, such as the nature of the injury as well as its cause; but the severity of the injury seems to be most important in affecting memory impairment specific to frontal lobe damage. Those patients suffering a mild traumatic brain injury with frontal lobe damage seem to be only slightly affected, if affected at all.
Frontal lobe injuries have been shown to cause decreased ability in combining events that are temporally separated (separated by time), as well as recalling information in its correct context. However, standardized testing, may mask an impairment because the patients are strictly regulated, as are their discretionary behaviors. Many times, these are behaviors thought to be directly related to disorders of the frontal lobe. It could very well be that instead of a memory impairment, these patients are suffering from a different problem entirely, such as paying attention, or vice versa. Therefore, the main conclusion that can be agreed upon is that tests should continuously be scrutinized; as society progresses, better tests should be designed. Without the proper tests to assess traumatic brain injury patients with frontal lobe damage in particular, we may be misrepresenting the functions of the frontal lobe, specifically the role it plays in memory.[4]
See alsoEdit
- Expressive aphasia
- Frontal lobe disorders
- Frontal lobe lesions
- Lobotomy
- Studies of frontal lobe damage
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ratiu, P., Talos, I.F., Haker, S., Lieberman, D., & Everett, P. (2004). "Case Report: The Tale of Phineas Gage, Digitally Remastered." Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(5), 637-643. Retrieved from http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/17972496/1410518588/name/ct+phineas.pdf
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lux, W.E. (2007). A neuropsychiatric perspective on traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 44(7), 951-962. Retrieved from http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/07/44/7/pdf/lux.pdf
- ↑ Badre, D. & D'Esposito, M. (2009). "Is the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobe hierarchical?" Nature Reviews Neuroscince, 10, 659-669. Retrieved from http://despolab.berkeley.edu/files/publications/pdf/2009badrenature.pdf
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Kim, J.S., Kim, O.L., Seo, W.S., Koo, B.H., Joo,Y., & Bai, D.S. (2009). "Memory Dysfunctions after Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury : Comparison between Patients with and without Frontal Lobe Injury. " Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, 46(5), 459-467. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796352/
- ↑ Lezak M.D. (1989). Assessment of psychosocial dysfunction resulting from head trauma. In: Lezak MD, editor. Assessment of the behavioral consequences of head trauma. New York (NY): A. R. Liss; 113–43.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Boss, A. (2010). "The Gruesome Story of Phineas Gage." PsychologyDegreeGuide.org, retrieved December 2, 2011 from http://psychologydegreeguide.org/phineas-gage/
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Macmillan, Malcolm. (2000). "Restoring Phineas Gage: a 150th Retrospective. " Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 9(1), 46-66. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1076/0964-704X(200004)9%3A1%3B1-2%3BFT046
- ↑ Ownsworth, T. & McKenna, K. (2004). "Investigation of factors related to employment outcome following traumatic brain injury: a critical review and conceptual model." Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(13), 765-784.
- ↑ Broadway, J.M., Redick, T.S., & Engle, R.W. (2010). "Working memory capacity: Self-control is (in) the goal." In R. Hassin, K. N. Ochsner, & Y. Trope (Eds.), Oxford University Press: New York, NY. Self-control in society, mind, and brain; 163-173. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20100702004418/http://psychology.gatech.edu/renglelab/Publications/2010/Broadway%20Redick%20Engle%202010.pdf
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kane, M.J. & Engle, R.W. (2002). "The role of prefontal cortex in working-memory capacity,executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: An individual-differences perspective." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9(4), 637-671. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20100702160815/http://psychology.gatech.edu/renglelab/Publications/2002/The%20role%20of%20prefrontal%20cortex%20in%20working-memory%20capacity.pdf
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Floden, D., Alexander, M.P., Kubu, C.S., Katz, D., & Stuss, D.T. (2008). "Impulsivity and risk-taking behavior in focal frontal lobe lesions." Neuropsychologia, 46, 213-223. Retrieved from http://www.psych.yorku.ca/joelab/jc/journalclub/gambling/2008Floden%20et%20al_RaymondMar_GamblingTask%202008.pdf
- ↑ Purves, D. (2008). ''Neuroscience'' (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc.
- ↑ Monchi, O., Petrides, M., Petre, V., Worsley, K., & Dagher, A. (2001). "Wisconsin Card Sorting Revisited: Distinct Neural Circuits Participating in Different Stages of the Task Identified by Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Neuroscience, 21(19), 7733-7741. Retrieved from http://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/19/7733.full
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Unsworth, N., Engle, R.W., & Schrock, J.C. (2004). "Working Memory Capacity and the Antisaccade Task: Individual Differences in Voluntary Saccade Control." Journal of Experimental Psychology, 30(6), 1302-1321. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20101205093208/http://www.interactivemetronome.com/impublic/Research/Temporal%20Processing/MemoryWorkingMemory/Research_Working%20Memory_Unsworth2004.pdf
Further readingEdit
- Humphreys, G. W. & Riddoch, M. J. (2000) One more cup of coffee for the road: Object-action assemblies, response blocking and response capture after frontal lobe damage. Experimental Brain Research, 133, 81-93
External linksEdit
- Dysfunction by Location: Brain Dysfunction: Merck Manual Home Edition
- Science Daily: Damage To The Frontal Lobes Can Affect A Person's Ability To 'Stay On The Job'
|This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).


text:
Agere Joins the 802.11 Fray: Upcoming WiFi Technologyby Kristopher Kubicki on 3/15/2004 7:07 AM EST
- Posted in
- Networking
7 Comments
Back to Article
amdfanboy - Wednesday, March 17, 2004 - linkAll I have to say is standards. If you don't find ones that suit you, make your own. Brian should come visit the quiet and cozy network forum. Reply
KristopherKubicki - Wednesday, March 17, 2004 - linkAgere has been working on this for a *long* time - i remember talking to them at COMDEX and they were still working on the chip then. Agere is a lot of ex-AMD folks- i dunno - i say good luck to them.
Kristopher Reply
jhevenor - Wednesday, March 17, 2004 - linkThis notion of priority that is mentioned is bogus for two reasons.
First, do these high priority stations pay more for their shorter wait times? And once their data is in the rest of the internet does it get any special treatment? No.
Second, if they do get a priority system in place for these applcations then what is to stop all applications from making their data high priority. A wifi router is not going to pattern match each packet to ensure it's of a specific application type. Not without significant delay.
So in short, I don't buy it. Reply
MadAd - Wednesday, March 17, 2004 - linkActually, while im thinking about it, theres one thing that I rarely see mentioned in all these wi-fi reviews - latency. Does noone game on wi-fi? Reply
MadAd - Wednesday, March 17, 2004 - linkKris in 'denys all' shocker :) Reply
KristopherKubicki - Tuesday, March 16, 2004 - linkThese networking articles are actually written by a new contributing writer- Brian Ng. He is set to start doing networking reviews for AT. Its just getting published under my byline until he gets his feet wet.
Kristopher Reply
TrogdorJW - Tuesday, March 16, 2004 - linkWow! Look at all the comments! :)
It's not that we don't care, Kristopher... it's just that WiFi is not as "great" as so many people seem to think for the enthusiasts. At least, that's my take.
I look at the throughput graphs for 802.11A and G and compare that to the speeds I get with 100 Mbit Ethernet, and I can't see any reason to think about wireless right now. I transfer large files between my home PCs regularly, and I max out at around 9.5 MB/s, which is still three or four times as fast as the best WiFi connections. Couple that with the fact that I don't have to worry about conflicting networks in the neighborhood and near-complete security behind a firewall, and I really am not that excited for WiFi.
Needless to say, if the past is any indication, Agere's claims of "150 Mbps" speeds and "twice the range of competitors" will end up equaling 30 Mbps realistic transfer rates (5 Mbps higher than the current crop) at ranges slightly less than the competition. And they'll probably forget to enable WPA or whatever. :p Reply


text:
Filed under: Army
HPRC Fitness Arena: Physical Fitness, Total Force Fitness
Filed under: Army
Be one of 35,000 runners at the 29th annual Army 10-miler this October. Race fees and sponsor contributions support the Army Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) programs.
Both service members and civilians with at least seven Army 10-miler finishes under their belt are eligible for one of the 10,000 bibs available via early registration starting May 1st just after midnight for the 29th annual Army 10-Miler on Sunday, October 20, 2013. Service members must register with their .mil email addresses. Regular registration opens on May 15. Visit the Army 10-miler website for more information.


text: I typed 'muffin top' in to Google, this is what I got. (WCHIN News) [ Muffin-Top: A National Epidemic By T-Rav March 31, 2011 I'm not talking about that episode of Seinfeld where Elaine gets in trouble for dumping all the 'muffin-stumps' at a local food pantry. I'm talking about when people try to wear pants two sizes too small, and their 'keg' boils over the top of their jeans. Read More Category: Weird News Tags: dictionary, Five Second Rule, muffin top, Oxford Dictionary, smack talk, words Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


text:
I have a directory of 3-column tab-separated files that have the following structures and N-lines:
File 1
- Code: Select all
abandonment-n about-bring-v 32.5890
abandonment-n about-complaint-n 5.5112
abandonment-n about-concern-n 10.6714
abandonment-n among-1-crowd-n 11.4496
File 2
- Code: Select all
aardvark-n about-fact-n 7.4328
aardvark-n about-information-n 6.5145
aardvark-n about-know-v 6.4239
aardvark-n among-1-crowd-n 9.9085
I would like to compare Column 2 of these columns, counting and then outputting the number of strings that each of the two files has in common:
In this case it would be 1:
- Code: Select all
aardvark-n among-1-crowd-n 9.9085
abandonment-n among-1-crowd-n 11.4496
However, the output I need is just the count of common items in Column 2 between the files.
My obstacle is that I want to consider all of the unique bi-combinations of files in a directory (in my case it would be 24 - for a total of 300 unique combinations).
I think that using something like this might do the trick:
- Code: Select all
import os, itertools
files = os.listdir("/path/to/files")
for file1, file2 in itertools.combinations(files, 2):
print file1, file2
###and (this part I am not so sure about as it keeps giving me an error)###
def file_to_dict(filename):
lines = open(filename).read().split()
for line in lines:
_, Col2Compare, _ = line.split()
return dict([line.split(',') for line in lines])
dict1, dict2 = file_to_dict('file1.csv'), file_to_dict('file2.csv')
But I am not sure how to integrate this with
The optimal end -result would be to compile all of this information in a contingency matrix, although for the time being I am happy just getting the counts necessary, Unless someone has a suggestion there?


text:
— Abbie Selhorst, a 2008 Ottawa-Glandorf graduate, has been running
since she was a freshman in high school. On Monday, April 21, she was
still running. Only this time she took part in the Boston Marathon.
"There were spectators lining the entire way," Selhorst said. "It was also great to see so many people take part in the race."
said the day of the race she boarded a shuttle bus at 6 a.m to be taken
to Boston Commons, which is just past the finish line. From there she
boarded one of 588 school buses that were there to take the runners to
the start of the race.
"It was a 50-minute ride on the bus,"
Selhorst said. The buses had all left by 7 a.m. and arrived at the
Athlete's Village near the start by 8 a.m.
Then by 9 a.m. Selhorst was loaded into her assigned corral for the race.
completed the 26.2 miles in 3:09:45. Selhorst said in order to qualify
for the Boston Marathon she had to have a time of 3:35 for the female
18-39 category.
Selhorst finished 287 out of 6,970 in her
category. She was 4,087 overall out of 31,931 runners. For her gender
she was 349 out of 14,356.
"I plan to continue running and take part in another half or full marathon," Selhorst said.
While in high school Selhorst ran track and cross country.
sophomore year she competed in state level in both track and cross
country. Her junior year she qualified for state in cross country.
During her senior year she qualified to compete at state level in track.
Selhorst received her undergraduate degree in exercise science at Ashland University.
"I continued to compete in track and cross country during my three years in undergraduate," she said.
then did her grad studies at Ohio University in Athens. She will
graduate from there this Friday with a degree in physical therapy.
college I ran 5K and 10K's during competition," she said. Once she
graduated she started competing in half and full marathons.
She said half marathons (13.1 miles) in 2012 and 2013. Last May she did her first full marathon in Cleveland.
said she runs year round. "I never stop training," she said. "With my
race cycle I prep for one race. Then after the race I have down time for
three days to a week, then I start up again."
Selhorst it takes time to get where you want to be when running.
most enjoyed the atmosphere during the Boston Marathon," she said. "It
was great to be with so many like-minded people who love to run." She
also said it felt good to see how strong Boston was after last year's
bombing during the Boston Marathon.
"People came out and didn't let this stop them from coming," she said.
is the daughter of Dave and Deb Selhorst. Following graduation she
hopes to get a job in physical therapy in the Columbus area.
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text:
Thoughts on a game that really could have used a little more action:
1) My head nearly exploded over the huge deal that was made of the disallowed goal. The most critical point was not made (on TV) until Dave Maloney left the radio booth and got onto the post-game set, because for all 4,689 times they replayed it and cried about it, nobody brought up the most important point. Maloney was right. The goalkeeper almost surely let up after playing the puck, and probably even heard the whistle before Frolov scored.
2) I don't know what the rulebook says — and I'm too lazy to look even though it's within arm's reach — but I'm pretty darn sure that when a goalie plays a puck, it is treated as possession on delayed penalties and such. And when a player touches the puck on a delayed penalty, on a hand pass, or whatever, the whistle usually blows.
3) That's Bill McCreary being Bill McCreary. In other words, what did you expect? The right call? Just like the missed double-minor on Dubinsky. I think that was a worse non-call than the "disallowed goal" especially since any of the four officials could have and should have called it.
4) Where was Frolov the rest of the game, not to mention the rest of the season?
5) Full marks to the Rangers and their coach for manning-up and not making a big deal out of that one play, and blaming themselves for the loss … and crediting St. Louis … which really does look like another Bestern Conference power, and should be for a long time. If it gets goaltending.
6) Speaking of which, did you catch those shots of Halak on the bench. Was he wearing some of the Macy's Thanksgiving balloons under his jersey? I never understood why the NHL still to this day isn't serious about limiting the size of goalie equipment, and that includes Lundqvist's. That guy weighs like 140 pounds, and when he's on the ice he's bigger than John Candy.
7) Another big return on that Boogaard contract.
8) How is it, for all these years, the Rangers don't have more than one legit power-play point man? And why can't Marc Staal play there?
9) I didn't think your boys played poorly overall. They were simply stifled by a better team. But they do need to do better at home. They all say it … blah, blah, blah, blah. But when will they figure out how?
10) Erik Christensen found the bench, even during the five-minute PP, which I think means he's headed for pruchaville when Gaborik comes back, probably by the end of this week. Deservedly so.
11) Two best pieces of news for NYR: Biron's play, and Gaborik's shoulder.


text:
Harry Ottaway believes a fresh approach on the training pitch will catapult Sutton United to the upper reaches of the Blue Square South.
The striker was on target in Tuesday night's 2-1 win over second-placed Welling United at Gander Green Lane.
Welling had lost just once in the League since the end of October, but aside from a nervous finale when the visitors halved United's lead, Paul Doswell's men were comfortable winners and rocketed from 20th to 13th in the table.
Such was the gulf between United and the Wings, there was even time for Sam Rents to have a penalty saved and skipper Jamie Stuart to hit the woodwork, before Craig Dundas opened the scoring with his 50th club goal.
Welling should have opened the scoring themselves in the second half when Wayne Shaw, filling in for the injured Kevin Scriven, was slow off his line and was rounded by Ross Lafayette, who has 14 goals so far this season, only for the striker to blaze over the open goal.
And while Ottaway was delighted to get his second League goal of the season, he is buzzing more about how the new-look training regime is paying dividends on matchday.
"The coaches have brought a different dynamic to the training camp over the past month or so," the 23-year-old said.
"We concentrate a lot more on high intense pressing and keeping the ball. We took that into the game and it worked - so all credit to the management and the players.
"We are all very intense players and we like playing together. We have a good squad and a happy camp – and if we all keep working hard and the team can be rotated then we should get there."
United have played the fewest games of anyone in the League, and were they win the games in hand, they would be in the play-offs.
Ottaway said: "Those games in hand are crucial, and we need to win them but really we have to take each one as it comes.
"If we stick to what we know and what we're being taught by the coaches and the gaffer, and we believe in what we're being taught, this win over Welling could really kick on to our season."
He added: "Sam [Rents] has one of the best left pegs in the League and you can doubt yourself after a penalty miss, but you just have to bounce back and that is what we did.
"I thought we were immense and although it was nervous towards the end, everyone worked their nuts off and it was an immense feeling in the end to win.
"It is great to score, all strikers love to score, but winning is the better feeling. I am all about the team."
United, unbeaten in three League games, host Eastbourne Borough this weekend, and Basingstoke next Tuesday.


text:
Looking for more information about Lila Lam?
Search through millions of records to find out more.
Search through millions of records to find out more.
November 24, 1924 — Stanislawow, Poland
Lila was born to a Jewish family in the largely Jewish city ofStanislawow. The Lam family owned an oil field and refinery, and Lila's father, who was trained as a lawyer, helped to manage the business. When it came time for Lila to begin first grade, her parents decided to have her tutored privately at home rather than have her attend an elementary school.
1933-39: The Jewish holidays were always special times. Although my family wasn't religious, the holidays were wonderful opportunities for my five aunts and uncles and all of my cousins to gather at my grandfather's house. In 1939, when I was 15, the war broke out and Soviet troops invaded Stanislawow. My final two years of secondary school were spent in a Soviet school.
1940-44: German troops invaded our town and established a ghetto in 1941. By summer 1942 my mother, brother, uncle and I escaped and, using bribes, got to Warsaw. Each Sunday we'd leave our house and pretend we were going to church. One Sunday, as my mother and I went out, we were stopped by a Polish policeman, who said he suspected that we were Jews. For a fee, he agreed not to turn us in. When my mother ran to fetch the money, he dragged me to a house and tried to rape me. Luckily, he let me go.
During the August 1944 Warsaw uprising, Lila was among the Polish civilians deported to concentration camps. After the war, she lived in Poland.
Anyone can contribute to this page. Please sign in or sign up—it's free.


text:
Taleggio Flatbread
If you don't have a pizza stone, use an inverted baking sheet and increase the baking time by two to three minutes. A piece of plain, unwaxed floss is perfect for thinly slicing the Taleggio cheese.
- Servings: 16
- Yield: Makes 2
Photography: Anna Williams
Source: Martha Stewart Living, December 2007
- 1 envelope (1 scant tablespoon) active dry yeast
- Pinch of granulated sugar
- 1 1/2 cups warm water (110 degrees)
- 1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil, plus more for brushing
- 2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh rosemary, plus 2 teaspoons leaves
- 4 cups all-purpose flour, plus more for dusting
- 1 1/2 teaspoons coarse salt
- 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese (about 1 1/2 ounces)
- 10 ounces Taleggio cheese, rind removed, thinly sliced
- 3/4 ounce fresh black truffle (optional)
- Flaked sea salt, for sprinkling
Place oven rack in middle position, and place a pizza stone on rack. Preheat oven to 450 degrees. Combine yeast, sugar, and water in the bowl of a standing mixer fitted with the dough hook attachment. Let stand until foamy, about 10 minutes. Stir until yeast and sugar have dissolved. Add 6 tablespoons oil, the chopped rosemary, flour, coarse salt, and Parmesan, and beat on medium speed until dough forms a ball, about 2 minutes.
On a lightly floured surface, knead dough until smooth and elastic. Lightly brush a medium bowl with oil. Place dough in bowl. Cover with a clean kitchen towel, and let rise in a warm place until doubled in size, about 1 hour.
Punch down dough, and turn out onto a lightly floured surface. Cut in half, cover, and let rest for 10 minutes.
On a lightly floured piece of parchment, roll 1 portion of dough into a 9-by-16-inch rectangle, about 1/4 inch thick. Brush with 2 tablespoons oil. Arrange half the Taleggio on top, and sprinkle with 1 teaspoon whole rosemary leaves. Slide parchment and dough onto an inverted baking sheet, and use the sheet to slide parchment and dough onto the preheated stone in oven.
Bake, rotating bread once, until crust is just golden and cheese is bubbling, 10 to 12 minutes. Transfer parchment and bread to a wire rack. Shave half the truffle over top if desired, and sprinkle with flaked sea salt. Repeat with remaining dough, 2 tablespoons oil, 1 teaspoon rosemary leaves, and Taleggio. Slice into wedges or squares, and serve warm or at room temperature.


text:
FOREST GREEN ROVERS' strong start to the campaign on the field has been reflected off the field - with crowd numbers up 36 per cent on last season.
After nine home league matches, Rovers' fluid attacking brand of football combined with some favourable home ties during a more successful cup run has seen 13,897 people through the gates at The New Lawn compared to 10,200 last season, including home cup ties.
Even if you discard the two extra home cup games, league crowds are still up nine per cent with the team currently lying fourth in the Blue Square Premier having scored 21 goals in their first nine home league games.
Manager David Hockaday said: "I'm delighted to see that the crowds are up by 36 per cent - that is a tribute to the way my players are performing and the results.
"My brief here is to build something, so we have a plan in place and the cornerstone to this plan is to play football with the ball on the ground and to be brave.
"When we have the ball, we want to attack at every opportunity and score more goals that the opposition. If at this leaves us open to counter-attack sometimes, then so be it.
"I'm incredibly proud of my players showing the necessary bravery to play in all sorts of conditions and under all sorts of pressure.
"And yet this bravery is being rewarded with great performances and results.
"It's fantastic that the fans are recognising these assets and are starting more and more to get behind the players during games.
"The word is: come to The New Lawn and see football how it should be played - by a very young, honest and athletic group of players. "Bring your friends and tell them to bring their friends. Let's break all records this year."
Hockaday is set to name striker Nathaniel Jarvis in his side to face Nuneaton Town at the New Lawn on Saturday, 3pm.
Jarvis was handed a watching brief for the FA Trophy tie against AFC Totton last Saturday, but will be available to play up to eight games before the deal expires following Rovers' league match at Hyde on January 5.
- Meanwhile, Rovers have been drawn another home tie for Round Two of the FA Trophy against Blue Square Bet North outfit Gainsbrough Trinity.
- Half-price season tickets will go on sale at The New Lawn from Saturday, December 1, which will be valid for all home league games from the Newport County game on Boxing Day.


text: Visit a Calgary WIRELESSWAVE store for the latest smartphones, accessories and trade-in options. We expertly source offers that fit you - the right plan,the right phone, at the right budget. Our selection includes Apple iPhones and Android smartphones, including Samsung, LG, Motorola, HTC, SONY, BlackBerry® devices, Bluetooth® accessories and a choice of plans from Rogers, Bell, Fido, Virgin Mobile and chatr mobile.


text:
Donald Adrian Adema Obit
Donald Adrian Adema
Donald Adema, 82, was born in Grand Rapids, MI on February 4, 1927. He died in Oroville, CA on January 29, 2010. He was the third of five children of Simon and Grace Adema. He was raised in Iowa, Minnesota, and moved to So. California about age 10. His life and activities were centered in Bellflower, CA. He moved to Oroville in 1993. He entered the navy in January, 1945 for the duration. He was on his way to the Pacific when the war ended. He served in the Shore Patrol on the Marshall Islands. Part of his duties included guarding war prisoners and he guarded the plane used for the H bomb test. He served eighteen months.
He married Marjorie Jacoba Kuipers in 1949, had four children. She died in 1959. He married Audrey Ann Reitsma on February 3, 1961. The children were 4, 6, 8, and 10. He was a self employed business man for many years, He owned a mechanical shop, then an auto body shop for thirty years, sold real estate, and managed a mobile home park. He was a camper, fisherman, golfer, and boater. On a trip to Canada in their motor home, Little Pup, he and Audrey golfed at many courses along the way, including the one farthest north in Fairbanks. He owned 19 boats, He bought a Skipjack hull and built a cabin cruiser named the Audrey Ann. He enjoyed his wood shop. He did many crosswords every day. He served as a deacon and elder at the First Christian Reformed Church in Bellflower, CA. He was counselor for Cadets, the church scout group.
He is survived by his wife of almost 49 years, Audrey, children Dr. Don (Marcia), Mary (John) Daniel, Linda, Norman (Christianna). Grandchildren Marcus Adema, Natalie (Josh) Vaughn, Justin (Erika) Daniel, Cara Dawn (John) Hattrick, Monica, Andy Gilman. Bill (Letitia ) Lynam, three children. Luke (Melinda) Lynam, four children, Sage Gray, three children. Brother Duayne Adema. sisters Ruth Keizer Farabollini, Lois Klein. He was predeceased by his parents, wife Marjorie, granddaughter Marissa Adema, sister Jean Koops.
He was a loving husband, father and grandfather. He was a good provider, very honest, and enjoyed a good laugh. He will be missed, but we rejoice that he is in heaven. A memorial service will be held on Saturday, February 13, 2010 on 1:00 p.m. at Trinity Presbyterian Church, 2350 Foothill Blvd, Oroville, Ca. Internment will be at Artesia Cemetery 11142 Artesia Blvd. Cerritos, CA. On February 27, 2010 at 11:00 a.m.


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text:
Contractors, developers, construction managers, and homebuilders are invited to attend Steptoe & Johnson's 10th Annual Construction Industry Tax Seminar co-sponsored by the AzBusiness Magazine. Steptoe's tax lawyers will bring participants an annual update on the latest developments in Arizona's sales and property taxation.
The seminar will take place September 27, 2013 and the Arizona Biltmore Resort.
The program will focus on new legislation, which if passed and signed by the Governor, will turn the sales taxation of contracting upside down–from taxing the prime contractor to taxing the sale of building materials, except for road and bridge construction where the prime contractor will still be taxed (H.B. 2111). In addition, seminar leaders will bring you up to date on legislation (already signed by the Governor) that does away with the "permanent attachment" test under the exemption for installing exempt machinery and equipment (H.B. 2535).
Speakers include Pat Derdenger, Dawn Gabel, Frank Crociata and Ben Gardner, all members of Steptoe's Tax Group in Phoenix. Steptoe's tax lawyers bring to clients decades of consulting, transactional, and advocacy experience in all substantive areas of federal and state taxation.
The luncheon speaker will be Hon. John Shadegg, partner in Steptoe's Phoenix office and former US Congressman. He will give his perspective on the Affordable Care Act and how it will impact Arizona businesses.
For more information, call 602-257-7708. Register online at www.steptoe.com.