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HEALTH minister Dr Dan Poulter will be visiting Redditch's Alex Hospital next year.
The move comes as a result of a recent meeting in Westminster organised by town MP Karen Lumley.
Also at the meeting, organised to highlight the level of opposition to the Joint Services Review (JSR), was members of the Save The Alex campaign Neal Stote and Laney Walsh, as well as council leaders and other local MPs.
Following the meeting Mr Stote, head of the Save The Alex campaign, said: "It was a productive and positive meeting and I am encouraged the minister will actually be taking the time to visit the hospital in January.
"We have come a long way since June 14 and hope the final outcome will be far more positive than the JSR originally proposed which could have seen our hospital closed."
The JSR is part of a shake-up of how and at which of the county's three hospital sites - Redditch, Worcester and Kidderminster - services are provided in the future.
This is because Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, which runs the hospitals, has to save £50 million over the next three years.
Mrs Lumley added: "I am very encouraged by the minister's positive response, this is a cross party campaign which believes that a safe sustainable solutions at the Alex is vital.
"Importantly the minister recognised the need for a speedy solution, something which is needed to address issues for providing good quality, long-term clinical care."
In a joint statement Bill Hartnett, leader of Redditch Council and Roger Hollingworth, leader of Bromsgrove District Council, said: "We feel the meeting was extremely positive and we are confident of a good outcome for our communities."
Currently commissioners are investigating an alternative solution with other healthcare providers to the current proposals.


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Best Gifts for Tweens for Christmas
Buying gifts for tweens is fun because at this stage their interests are deepening, growing, and changing. We've created a list of the best gifts for tween girls and boys to help you get the ideas flowing.
I cannot be late for work anymore so this is perfect. It jumps around the room until u get up to turn it off/snooze. A contemporary color would be even better :)...
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My complaint is twofold: (1) that you cannot get the month and days to becorrect for 2011. Instructions don't tell you how to do it and it seems to be last year's info (ex. July 4, 2011 was on a Monday, but the clock says July 4th is Sunday); (2) I wish the front of the clock where the display is also lit up - in general. When it's dark in the room, and if this is the only clock you have, you'll have no clue what time it is. I like the way when the alarm does go off, it does make a bunch a noise and light up bouncing all around. Defintely wakes me up out of a deep sleep!Read More
broke within a year. wont light upRead More
This is a fun cheap alarm clock. Batteries were a challenge to install correctly. Not a high quality product, however, price was fairly low. Good for a few laughs, as the music is pretty hysterical.Read More
I cannot be late for work anymore so this is perfect. It jumps around the room until u get up to turn it off/snooze. A contemporary color would be even better :)Read More
Before we gave it to my granddaughter. We let the dog play with it. He had fun with it bouncing around on the floorRead More
This is a birthday gift chosen by my son for my husband. Great way to display his extra glasses. I would purchase for anyone with a good sense of humor.Read More
Buying gifts for tweens is fun because at this stage their interests are deepening, growing, and changing. We've created a list of the best gifts for tween girls and boys to help you get the ideas flowing.
Pretend play helps kids express their feelings and develop language skills, and it provides opportunities for social development. Children should direct themselves to get the most out of imaginative play, but you can help jumpstart their creativity with the perfect gift. Read below to find the best pretend play toys for your child this Christmas.
We've come up with a list of the top toddler Christmas toys for both boys and girls that will bring learning and laughter for years to come. These toys will help your child explore their world and expand their imaginations.
Whether you're shopping for the perfect gift for your son, grandson, or nephew, you'll want to give him something that will spark his creativity and provide hours of fun. When you're Christmas shopping this year, be sure to put a few of these top toys on your list.
From rocking horses to small-scale motorized cars, ride-on toys not only satisfy a young one's need for speed, but they also encourage outdoor activity and build confidence. If you're looking for ideas for the little ones on your Christmas list, consider these suggestions to find a perfect gift.
In the hurry and flurry of Christmas Day, don't overlook the gifts found in Christmas stockings. Stocking stuffers are usually smaller and less expensive than what you put under the tree, but they're a thoughtful and ideal way to celebrate the personality or interests of those on your list. Peruse our options and you'll be ready to grant the holiday wishes of the special people in your life.
Are you looking for the best toys for girls this Christmas? Be sure to put a few of these top gift ideas on your shopping list. Shop our huge assortment of toys at Overstock.com.
Create a space for learning and fun. Check out these playroom ideas for your home. Shop our huge selection of baby & kids' furniture at Overstock.com.
Best Toys for Kids Ages 10-12 from Overstock.com. No matter what the hot toys are this year, the best toys for tweens always have these great qualities.
Tips on Finding the Best Toys for Your Child from Overstock.com. A few simple observations can help you find the perfect toy for your son or daughter.
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Jumping Bouncing and Light-up Alarm Clock with Readable LED Display
Today $16.49

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text:
Tic-Tac-Toe is a boring game. I can't think of the last time I lost a game of Tic-Tac-Toe. I bet you can't either. And you know why? It's because the game is too simple. You can be a master at Tic-Tac-Toe, but no one will care.
You've got to play a new game.
In the second (and third) part(s) of chapter 2, Brogan and Smith discuss steps 2 and 3 of gaming (see Mary Beth Stockdale's post for step 1). Here they offer two ways to improve your game: hacking and programming.
They explain hacking as "changing the rules or the game play and using a system in a different way than it was designed." Basically, do with a game what no one else is doing. Turn your game of Tic-Tac-Toe into Connect 4…or 5. If the game you're playing isn't working, change it.
For example, Brogan and Smith mention resumés in chapter one. Your resumé is probably boring. Mine is. I've done some cool stuff, and I'm sure you have, too, but who cares? That boring white sheet of paper isn't impressing anyone, really. But if I'm an employer and if Gary Vaynerchuk applies to manage my website, I'm going to hire him way before I look at his resumé. You know why? Because he's changed the rules of the game. He's got his own platform, and people know his name.
That brings us to programming. Sometimes, the game will never be good enough, even if you change the rules. Monopoly is fun, but you'll never be able to feed your family by adding new rules to make Free Parking more enticing. No, you've got to create a new game.
Chris and Julien define programming as "starting from a completely new angle with your own everything." Here they provide a very concrete course of action: do something.
If you're sitting on an old game, trying to make it work when it's obviously dead, don't keep trying. Make a new game. It can be anything, just do it. If you wait, you will fail.
Look at Twitter (you thought I would make it through an entire post without mentioning Twitter–yeah right). What a terrible idea. Seriously, Twitter is stupid. But I've spent hours and hours trying to get people to follow me. Twitter's founders made their own game, and it's unquestionably one of the fastest-growing media fronts.
You don't have to make a new Twitter to be successful. You just have to do something. Anything. Just don't sit there and do nothing.
So here's what I want us to think about: how can we get from being stuck in the status quo to trying something new? It's got to be possible, right? What steps must we take?
Steven Rossi mostly just does homework. And he likes ice cream. He blogs at LetsMoveToTheMoon (which he thinks has a really great name).


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NEWPORT Gwent Dragons are getting a kick out of new signing Tom Prydie's performances for Wales Under-20s.
The winger has been to the fore in the journey to the semi-finals of the Junior World Championships.
The 20-year-old was the hero with the boot in the historic 9-6 win against New Zealand when he took over responsibility from the tee and boomed over a pair of long-range penalties.
Then Prydie followed up with a 29-point haul – two tries, eight conversions and a penalty – in Tuesday's win against Fiji that sealed their place in the last four.
When he signed a two-year deal with the Rodney Parade region it was the prospect of seeing the speedster demonstrating his running prowess that excited.
But his proficiency with the boot could be just as important to a Dragons side that struggled from the tee last season and allowed victories and losing bonus points to slip through their grasp.
One of those horror shows came against the Scarlets when the west Walians triumphed 10-6 after young fly-half Lewis Robling missed a succession of penalties that he would normally slot over with ease.
On that occasion there was nobody else in the Dragons' ranks to take over with the kicking responsibility but head coach Darren Edwards is confident that such a problem won't be repeated.
"We now have five potential goalkickers and (Wales skills coach and the country's leading Test points scorer) Neil Jenkins is going to be coming in to work with them next season," said Edwards.
"It will be be terrific to have Tom, (fellow new signing) Dan Evans, Adam Hughes able to take responsibility as well as our two young fly-halves Lewis Robling and Steffan Jones.
"Lewis had some great displays but he was a bit up and down. I think that pressure is eased if there are at least two frontline kickers in the side.
"Trying to manage that pressure is key, especially with young players, and I think we are going to be in a better position to do that.
"That showed at the end of last season when Adam stepped forward and took over responsibility.
"We'll have plenty of options next season and Tom has put his hand up with what he has done over the last few weeks.
"His running ability has always been obvious and now he is stepping forward with the kicking duties – he showed real nerve to bang those penalties over against New Zealand."
Edwards worked with Prydie, who can also play full-back, when he was an age-grade coach and is confident that he will soon be back in the reckoning for full international honours.
He became Wales' youngest Test player when, at the age of 18 years and 25 days, he made he started against Italy in the 2010 Six Nations.
Prydie went on to win three more caps before being hindered by injury and the Ospreys allowed him to spend the end of last season with Wasps.
But Edwards believes he will be a key figure with the Dragons and is also delighted that his Wales Under-20s teammates Jack Dixon, Jon Evans and Ieuan Jones will return to Rodney Parade from South Africa with a spring in their step.
"Tom is one of the most talented players that I have worked with and there is still plenty of development to come," said the head coach.
"I think there has had to be something of a rebuilding job with him after everything he has been through, despite only being 20. He is showing his class and I think he will be a real hit here next season.
"And it's terrific for all Jack, Jon and Ieuan to have experienced what they have in the tournament so far.
"They have beaten New Zealand and not many Welshman can say that, whatever the level."


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Qualcomm Announces Snapdragon 410 Based on 64-bit ARM Cortex A53by Anand Lal Shimpi on 12/9/2013 5:45 PM EST
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extide - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkI just picked up a ASUS Memo pad HD7 for my wife, and it has a quad A7 @ 1.2Ghz. I have been pretty impressed with how well it runs. Great little device. Looks like the A53 will be quite a bit more awesome.
I do wish that table above included some high performance comparisons as well. It's nice to see the A9, but how about a Krait variant or two, and perhaps A15? Reply
FwFred - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkBetween this press release, Qualcomm's CMO Anand Chandrasekher's comments, and no sign of 64-bit Krait, Qualcomm has quite the mixed marketing message regarding 64 bits.
Qualcomm really can't claim any benefit to 64 bits without making a glaringly obvious hole in their higher end lineup. Another announcement pending? Wouldn't think so since they just announced the 805. Reply
Mil0 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - link805 will ship in 1H 2014, 410 in 2H 2014. It stands to reason that 805 is a stopgap before the 64 bit followup to krait is finished. If they're executing as well as they have been since krait's introduction, they would either have this 'krait2_64' ready for either the holiday season 2014 (unlikely, since that doesn't line up well with HW releases) or the new top devices of H1 2015 (S6, HTC one something). It could be that they make it for LG's next top device, perhaps the nexus 10 for 2H 2014. Reply
Drumsticks - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkAwesome! If this is the Snapdragon 410, and on the high end we only have an 805, I'll be looking forward to the Snapdragon 810 soon. Qualcomm's naming structure has improved lately but it's still a little bit complicated sometimes. Reply
phoenix_rizzen - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkThis would have been the perfect opportunity to use the odd-numbered hundreds.
As in, the Snapdragon 500s would be the 64-bit versions of the 400s. The S700s would be the 64-bit version of the S600s. And the S900s would be the 64-bit versions of the S800s.
However, considering how overloaded S4 Pro has become lately, I don't expect to see anything logical come out of Qualcomm's naming. Reply
mtalinm - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkI keep telling my macolyte friends that 64-bit processors don't mean much unless you have >3GB of memory. Am I wrong on that? Reply
michael2k - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkYou are here, because the 64 bit processors also have improved performance. Forget the 64 bitness and concentrate instead on the generation; the old generation of processors is slower than the next generation of processors, as per the norm, it just happens to be that the next generation of processors also happen to be 64 bit. You get more registers, better IPC, wider execution units, and lower power all mixed together. 64 bit is just frosting at that point. Reply
blanarahul - Monday, December 09, 2013 - link"more registers"
Does this mean you will buy a car with 8 tyres v/s 4 tyres? I am sick of this MORE IS BETEER!!!! mentality. Most modern games don't even use 64 bit registers.
"Lower power"
Just because your car is wider than your motorbike doesn't mean it's more fuel efficient. Its the same with processors.
Rest all points are vaild. Reply
BrooksT - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkMore registers are better. Period. At least until ridiculous numbers.
Registers can be thought of as a very fast cache. The more registers a CPU has, the less the compiler has to move data back and forth to/from memory.
You seem to have confused quantity of registers with width of registers, and then conflated the power savings proposition with the 64 bitness. In fact, the power saving comes (in part) because the 32 bit ARM ISA evolved over time and has numerous tweaks for backwards compatibility, requiring more transistors and more power. The 64 bit ISA wipes that slate clean and implements only what is required. It's more efficient because it ditches those tweaks *and* is designed with learnings from the past decade in mind.
64 bit isn't better in some abstract sense. 64 bit ARM is both higher performing and lower power than 32 bit ARM. And, as luck would have it, that's what we're talking about here. Reply
danbob999 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - link64 bit can perform better in some cases (when actually using more than 32 bits) but it uses more power because there is twice the logic involved when doing a basic addition such as 1+1. Reply
Wilco1 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkNo, the amount of logic involved doing the actual addition is a small proportion of the total involved in the execution of a single instruction. So a 64-bit addition might use maybe 5% more power than a 32-bit addition, not twice as much. Reply
Exophase - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkIt's moot anyway (of course you're well aware of this, just explaining for everyone else), AArch64 has 32-bit arithmetic operations and most code is limited to 32-bit integers outside of pointer arithmetic. Reply
ciplogic - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkDan, most CPU logic is not in math, but in a lot other components like: CPU cache (which is sometimes more than 1/2 of the entire CPU), branch prediction, memory addressing unit, etc. Also, when you use 64 bit CPUs, the code is using still 32 bit integers, making the transistor count the same. Without knowing the full specifics, most of 64 bit integers can be implemented by using 32 bit integer math, so the extra added logic can be reduced even further (as an uncommon path).
Are more registers faster? Oh, yeah. By a large amount because the registers run like 4 times faster than L1 cache (or even more), like 10-20 times faster than L2 cache, and the L2 cache is typically 10x faster than the memory access. A compiler that can have 2x more registers on the target CPU will likely give a code that is not 4 times faster, but 30-50% speedup is doable in a lot of real code. LLVM (the main backend optimizer) stated that when improving by 10% the register allocation got a speedup up-to 20% http://bit.ly/1d7B3aw Reply
xdrol - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkThat would sound nice, but you miss the point that ARM8 has a 32 bit mode that is compatible with ARM7 (and transitively with older ARM ISAs). So they cannot "wipe that slate clean" at all, everything has to be there. Reply
Wilco1 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkMore registers are generally better indeed, however the gain from 14 to 31 is not that large - studies indicated around 20-24 is optimal. Note there are drawbacks as well to having more registers such as a slower process switch.
The A53 includes all 32-bit instructions, so can run all existing binaries. So nothing has been ditched at all. The power savings are not due being 64-bit and not due to the new ISA either. The efficiency improvements are simply due to it being newer and better than its predecessors (if it had been 32-bit then any gains would be the same).
64-bit code will often run a little faster than 32-bit but not hugely so. While the 64-bit ISA allows for power savings in decoding, 64-bit pointers and registers increase power slightly, so which effect is larger will depend on each particular application. Reply
Exophase - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkDo you links for any studies outside of the ones AMD did when evaluating x86-64? Those are good for a single data point, but they're a bit limited given that they were specific to x86-64 and a relatively wide OoO uarch. In-order uarchs, in comparison, benefit from code that's more aggressively scheduled to hide latency which increases register pressure. Reply
Wilco1 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkI was thinking of the original RISC studies for MIPS and SPARC. They are old now but I confirmed those results for ARM - basically the benefit of each extra register goes down exponentially. If you have a good pressure-aware scheduler (few compilers get it right...) then you only need a few extra registers. Reply
Exophase - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkThanks for the clarification. I'd say that even a sweet spot is 20-24 justifies 31 GPRs (plus SP). I'd also argue that research done with the original MIPS and SPARC aren't perfectly representative of something like Cortex-A53 either. In my experience, going from hand coding ARM9 to Cortex-A8 assembly presented a lot of new challenges in scheduling which absolutely increased register pressure. Dual issue means you have to hide more instructions in a similar latency, and generally more latencies were added, like for address generation or shifts. The original 5 stage RISC CPUs like the first MIPS uarchs would be a lot closer to ARM9 than Cortex-A8. Cortex-A53 probably doesn't have as many interlock conditions as A8 but it should still be substantially worse than ARM9.
One particular application I know I'd appreciate having 31 GPRs for is emulating another ISA with 16 GPRs, like x86-64.. Reply
blanarahul - Thursday, December 12, 2013 - link1) Yes. I got confused in the quantity v/s width argument.
2) Sorry. I was trying to comment on a topic about which I have little to no knowledge. Reply
ChipNano - Saturday, February 08, 2014 - linkI think 64 bit processor was not relly required, but its just competing with APPLE !!! Reply
michael2k - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkDo you know how computers work?
Registers actively store the work in progress of the CPU. Adding two numbers takes three registers. Adding 12 sets of numbers in parallel takes 36 registers.
Increasing your register count 10 fold allows you 10x improvement in performance, assuming 10 available execution units to do work. The way register files work, you can also work on more bits at a time too! Instead of adding 2 ints you can add 20 ints, 10 doubles, or 5 floats at a time.
Your car analogy is entirely baseless here. Reply
xdrol - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkI'm pretty sure it's you who does not know how do registers work..
You don't get 10x performance from 10x registers. You can maybe, if you are very-very lucky, get 1/10th usage of the main memory. That is faster, but even if your program has 50% memory operations (unrealistically high) and 50% other, then you get from 50%+50% -> 5%+50% execution time from the 10x registers, that is 1.8x speedup, all things being super optimal. In exchange, the registers themselves use more power.
You get 10x performance from 10x execution units. That will give you *more than* 10x power (due to how pipelines work) too. Even Haswell has only 7 execution units.. Reply
michael2k - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkI explained my post perfectly. 10x registers and 10 available execution units = 10x improvement in performance. I apologize if my hyperbole threw you for a loop, I was trying to explain a concept.
10 execution units with only 3 registers = 1 add per clock. 10 execution units with 30 registers = 30 adds per clock. I also hinted at parallel processing; if you have 5 floats that need to be added to 5 floats (or multiplied, or accumulated, or whatever), you can do that in one clock cycle now.
That's all theoretical, to be sure; the reality is that ARMv8 has 32 128bit registers, and is useful for SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) operations: http://www.anandtech.com/show/7335/the-iphone-5s-r...
Anand already covered this. AES saw an 8x improvement, for example, and DGEMM nearly 2x. Reply
Exophase - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkAES saw a huge improvement because AArch64 has instructions specifically to assist AES acceleration which Geekbench is leveraging. If DGEMM uses double precision then it'd have seen a big improvement due to AArch64 adding support for double precision SIMD. The smaller improvements (and one notable regression) in the integer tests could be from the increased register count but possibly also from other factors, like for example if Cyclone is more efficient with conditional select in AArch64 than predication in AArch32.
As for register counts, AArch64 actually has 31 64-bit general purpose registers + 1 64-bit stack pointer and 32 128-bit SIMD registers. Reply
Arbee - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkMore registers = the compiler can generate better, more efficient code. This is why some software runs up to 20% faster on x64 vs. x86 with just a recompile.
As for lower power, listen to some AT podcasts about the "race to sleep" concept. All other things being equal, a phone that finishes a task faster can use less battery. Reply
Wilco1 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkActually "race to sleep" uses more power because you are running the CPU at a higher frequency and voltage. It's always better to spread tasks across multiple CPUs and run at a lower frequency and voltage, even if that means it takes longer to complete. Reply
WeaselITB - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkUm, no. Not in the slightest. Race to sleep is the best fit we've yet come up with given our current technologies (i.e., constant running power and fixed performance-to-sleep transition requirements).
for some examples. Reply
Wilco1 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkLOL. Not all CPUs are 130W extreme edition i7's on an extremely leaky process!!!
A < 5W mobile core on a modern low power process has very little leakage (unlike the i7), so it is always better to scale the clock and voltage down as much as possible to reduce power consumption. Big.LITTLE takes that one step further by moving onto a slower, even more efficient core. Running as fast as possible on the fastest core is only sure way to run your batteries down fast. Reply
michael2k - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkhttp://www.anandtech.com/show/6330/the-iphone-5-re...
Anand has been talking about 'race to sleep' as it applies to mobile CPUs since 2010 now. So, no, it isn't always better to scale the clock down, or it hasn't been in practice. Reply
Wilco1 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkThat link doesn't say anything about "race to idle". Basically if you look at the first graph it shows that the 3 devices have different idle consumption simply due to using different hardware (the newest hardware wins as you'd expect). Anand concludes the device with the lowest idle consumption uses less energy over a long enough timeframe eventhough it may use far more power when being active. True of course, but that has nothing to do with "race to idle".
Let me show you a link that explains why running slower uses less energy: http://www.anandtech.com/show/6768/samsung-details...
Look at the right side of the graph "Heterogeneous CPU operation". That shows performance vs the amount of power consumed. As you can see it is not linear at all, and the more performance you require, the more the graph curves to the right (which means less efficient). To paraphrase Anand: "Based on this graph, it looks like it takes more than 3x the power to get 2x the performance of the A7 cluster using the Cortex A15s." So if you did "run to idle" on the A15, you'd use at least 50% more energy to execute the same task on the A7. Of course the A7 runs slower and so returns to idle later than the A15, but it still uses less energy overall. Reply
FwFred - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkThis graph ignores the benefit to sleeping on non-core resources... fabrics, IOs, etc. If your internal datapaths are scaled to meet higher performance cores, low powered cores running longer may lead to inefficiencies.
It's obviously about balance in SoC design, and efficiency is not as simply as running small cores at low frequencies if you still want to allow scaling to higher performance.. Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkMobile devices are never really fully sleeping, so while you could power off the screen, you still need to check the touchscreen, keep in contact with the base station, check for incoming calls etc.
Yes you definitely want to scale to high performance rather than only using slow cores or low frequencies. That increases power consumption and total energy to perform a given task. Reply
michael2k - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkYes it does:
If we extended the timeline for the iPhone 4 significantly beyond the end of its benchmark run we'd see the 4S eventually come out ahead in battery life as it was able to race to sleep quicker. Reply
Wilco1 - Thursday, December 12, 2013 - linkNo. The 4S uses significantly more power than the iPhone 4 when actually running. You can clearly see that the power consumption above the idle level for the 4S is exactly twice that of the 4, but it is only 75% faster. That means it used about 15% more energy to complete the benchmark. So clearly "race to idle" uses more energy than running a bit slower. If you lowered the maximum clock frequency of the 4S then it would become as efficient as the 4. Reply
Exophase - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkIf race to sleep were always the best solution CPUs wouldn't have DVFS at all. You'd run it at the highest clock always then power gate when idle. But that's not how things are done at all. Dynamic clocking schemes actively try to minimize the amount of time the CPU spends idle, at least until it hits some minimum clock speed. Reply
michael2k - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkWho said it was always the best solution? It is just one solution, as is ramping clock, increasing cores, increasing execution units, etc. Reply
Wilco1 - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkThe point is that "run to idle" is not a solution if you are trying to prolong battery life. Reply
Exophase - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkWas said outright, "Race to sleep is the best fit we've yet come up with given our current technologies " Reply
melgross - Wednesday, December 18, 2013 - linkThat's not even close to being true. Reply
xenol - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkMore registers are better because its the fastest memory available to the CPU. The less you have, the more it'll be spent waiting on slower memory. Also, RISC architecture has no concept of say "add RAM_location_1 to RAM_location_2", RISC can only move data from RAM to registers and perform operations on registers. Therefore, more registers is pretty much vital on a RISC system. Reply
Arbee - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkThere are also specific security and ease-of-programming benefits to 64 bit. The Linux kernel used in Android supports address space randomization; it's much easier to pick an unexpected address range when you have 64 bits to play with. And the POSIX mmap() functionality can work on much later files with a 64-bit address space, making it easier to write performant apps that work with large data sets (high MP photos, for instance). Reply
janderk - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkHaving 64 bit applications is even a disadvantage when you have little (say 1GB or less) of memory. As mentioned http://www.anandtech.com/show/7460/apple-ipad-air-...">here on Anandtech 64bit apps use 20-30% more memory so 1GB of memory on a 64bit phone/tablet equals to ~0.75 GB memory on a 32bit device. Meaning that you see reloading tabs in browsers and apps occur sooner. Reply
janderk - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkHmmm seems like I just broke Anandtech. url tags are obviously not allowed. I tried to link to this review
where the 20/30% extra memory usage was mentioned. Reply
phoenix_rizzen - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkYes. Go read the review of the iPhone 5S and the Apple A7. There's a pretty significant performance increase from going 64-bit. Even when running 32-bit code. Reply
danbob999 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkThe A7 is much faster than the A6. But most of the improvement is NOT because it's 64 bit. Reply
melgross - Wednesday, December 18, 2013 - linkEstimates are that going to 64 bit can bring a 15% increase in performance by itself. There is a multiplication factor to that when you include the other improvements made.
But for a number of mathematical calculations, such as those made using encryption, estimates are that there could easily be a 10x improvement. The touch sensor would be benefiting. Perhaps that's why it's so fast. Reply
ws3 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkYou're not wrong at all. The Snapdragon 410 isn't anything more than a marketing gimmick. Reply
fteoath64 - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkYes and no. Yes in terms of testing the demand for low-end 4-bit chips to allow for easier and faster adoption later. Then hit the market with high-end fast chips when it mushroomed. Secondly to stake in the ground that Qualcomm has a production 64bit Arm chip that it can do amazing 64bit chips later when the demand shoots up in the market. Qualcomm has been able to move fast, so that is a real advantage to competitors like Nvdia who announces and OEMs wait and wait. Then waited somemore ... Reply
Krysto - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkYes. Reply
yankeeDDL - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkI think that in first approximation you're right: using 64bit CPU to run 32bit code is substantially useless. It will go a bit faster in some cases, consume a bit more, all things being equal.
I think though that the point of 64bit CPU is a mid/long term preparation.
I think it is inevitable to see mobile systems with 4GB or more of memory: already the tablets, especially 10" tablets, could (should?) be used to multitask and to run some relatively intense computational programs. I think what Qualcomm is trying to avoid is what happened int the PC market, where the need for 4GB+ of RAM was there and at that point the vast majority of PCs used 32bit CPUs.
For cellphones, especially the ones in the ranges targeted by the 410, I really don't see any significant benefit, other than making the architecture future-proof and having 64bit-only devices across the board. Reply
psychobriggsy - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkIn terms of the iPhone 5S, the 64-bit ARM cores actually are a step up in performance, due to operating system optimisations for the hardware, as well as instruction set changes that improve performance, and larger/more registers (the obvious 64-bit benefit). I believe there was an article on Ars explaining the operating system enhancements that allow iOS7 to take advantage of the 64-bit architecture more than a straight 64-bit port of an OS normally would. Reply
Ronald Maas - Wednesday, December 18, 2013 - linkA couple of months ago there was an interesting discussion on realworldtech.com about the benefits of 64-bit. Linus Torvalds (if I remember correctly) mentioned that 64-bit was already beneficial when physical memory exceeds 896 MB. Reason was that above 896 MB, it is not possible to address all physical memory from 32-bit kernel virtual memory space (which is limited to 1 GB). At that point managing memory becomes significantly less efficient because of the need to frequently remap virtual memory space to different chunks of physical memory.
Unfortunately was not able to locate the thread anymore. Reply
MadMan007 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkAnand, if you would truly "personally much rather see two higher clocked A53s", and if that applies to quad core versus dual core in general, you should start using your influence through this site and with direct industry connections to put that out there. I don't recall reading anything significant talking down quad cores versus dual cores in your articles when it may have been applicable (not Apple because they don't have a quad core anyway), and if it was even mentioned it was so minor that it was easy to overlook. Reply
Anand Lal Shimpi - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkI've been doing this for the past year (in fact I literally just did this last week). I am going to start campaigning for this more aggressively though. It'll take a while before we see any impact given how long it takes to see these things come to fruition though.
Take care,
Anand Reply
extide - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkWhy not campaign for better dynamic clock control/turbo/etc. To me, that seems like the best solution going forward. For example, back in the day of the Core 2 Duo vs Core 2 Quad, you had to make the compromise, max clock (Dual) or Max Multi Thread Perf (Quad). Nowadays with turbo mode and whatnot you can essentially have the best of both worlds. A quadcore chip that shuts down 2 cores and can run as a fast dualcore if needed.
For a lot of reasons I think it will be very difficult convincing people, oems, etc that moving from 4 cores to 2 cores is a good thing, and in some ways it really IS moving backwards. (You are still making that same compromise) Reply
Anand Lal Shimpi - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkAlso another part of what I (and a few others) have been campaigning for over the past year as well. Power management and opportunistic turbo is still largely a mess in mobile. Thankfully there are improvements coming along this vector. Reply
FwFred - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkExtending the A53 pipeline length to go higher frequencies would seem to go against the big.LITTLE scheme. ARM probably gets non-trivial benefits by keeping the pipeline on the short side.
I'd like to know if A57 is going to allow sustained usage in <=5" phones without having to kick over to the A53. Perhaps only for 1-2 thread usages? Reply
Wilco1 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkAgreed, a longer pipeline will reduce power efficiency considerably, making it less suitable for big.LITTLE. However further frequency gains are likely, the ARM website says 2GHz is expected (no mention of process, so I guess on 16nm in 2015).
We already have 1.8GHz quad-core A15 phones today. ARM claims that A57 is actually more power efficient, so I don't see why there would be an issue with using A57 in a phone besides the fact that 64-bit seems a bit unnecessary. The 20nm process will be used next year as well, improving power and performance further. Reply
Wilco1 - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkDual vs quad is a lost cause already, especially since we're moving towards 8 cores (4+4 in big.LITTLE). The die-size cost is low enough that the performance gain in the cases where you can use all CPUs is worth it. Reply
psychobriggsy - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkVery true, I don't know the die size of a 28nm A53 core (and the L2 cache it will need), but on a modern ~60mm^2 "economy SoC" there's probably not much difference between two and four cores (<5 mm^2). Reply
Wilco1 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkThe difference between 2 and 4 Cortex-A7 cores is less than 1mm^2 on 28nm, so why go for dual core when quad core is almost free? A53 will be a bit larger than A7 of course, but the same will happen.
I don't understand why Anand is against quad cores. If you only use 1 or 2 cores, then having a quad core doesn't cost you anything (not in power nor frequency). If you can use more than 2 cores you get the benefit of having a quad core. So you never lose out. Reply
errorr - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkThe problem is China. If you want to eventually sell your phone there it needs to be quad core for some reason. The marketing push for quad core chips was too effective and the market was too big. If Qualcomm wants to eventually compete in asia at least.
I think I read about it at techpinions or maybe I was listening to Ben Thomson. Reply
psychobriggsy - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkCertainly it appears that current Android apps rarely use more than two (meaty) threads, so it is common to see two cores out of four sleeping most of the time in quad-core SoCs.
Someguyperson - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkJust because Anand is calling it out doesn't mean that Qualcomm disagrees. The market for this processor (the Asian market) demands more cores because the OEMs want to market as many cores as possible. It doesn't matter if they are slow or not (I think I saw someone wants to make an 8 core Cortex-A7 chip), that's what the OEMs want.
Being able to market the first 64-bit Android devices will be a huge selling point even though the devices won't have more than 1 GB of memory and the users will never use encryption because that's how the market works over there. Nobody realizes that Intel makes dual core parts that are several time faster than these. Reply
beginner99 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkYeah, Asians are weird. I recently read that many Koreans belief you die if you run a fan in a closed room. This includes people like physics students. WTF? Back on topic, Quad-cores make no sense in phones. I admit, mine has a quad too. For once I have to applaud to Apple (I actually "hate" Apple). Their A6 and A7 are very well thought-out designs. However that's not enough to charge 2-3 times the price to comparable phones. Reply
jasonelmore - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkagree'd, however apple tax is much greater on their tablets. Ex: a decent usable ipad mini w/retina will set you back $630 + Tax (32GB LTE Model) and this is a small 8" tablet.
we need these tablets to come down quite a bit, even $500 for the above mentioned specs is expensive. Reply
extide - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkHeh, wouldn't everyone be so happy if we could get a flagship android phone with an Apple A7 SOC in it? I would! Reply
blanarahul - Monday, December 09, 2013 - link"although I'd personally much rather see two higher clocked A53s."
This is partially the reason I bought the Xperia L with it's dual core krait v/s the 1 trillion mediatek based phones.
The main reason was Adreno 305 >>> SGX 544MP1 btw. Reply
Klug4Pres - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkYup, and why I bought my Mum the Xperia SP, which is dual core Krait and Adreno 320. Reply
PC Perv - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkWhy would you go backwards unless there is a clear sign of disadvantages? Would you say the same about memory, storage, or screen resolution? It makes no sense when these days web browsers can make use of as many cores as available. (and they have been doing so for some time)
Try scrolling the HOME PAGES on iPad mini (2013) with a few Safari tabs open. Tell me what it looks and feels like. I thought I was dealing with Touchwiz. Reply
beginner99 - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkWeb page rendering isn't multi-threaded at all not even on desktop browsers. I would say most stuff on smartphones isn't. But that does not matter. Even on a desktop 2 fast cores will always be better than 4 slow ones.Howver with Intel turbo in quads that is not an issue anymore but it still is in phones (speak ARM). Reply
kris. - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkLol...mediatek octa-core is nowhere Reply
jasonelmore - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkHow far is 64 bit Android? I mean, KitKat was just released, so are we looking at a year at minimum? or will Google announce some uber dark project x64 they've been working on. Reply
jjj - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkMakes no sense to want higher clocks for A53 , we would be better off with 2+2 A57 and A53 or even 1+2..
Would be nice to see some very thin devices , bellow 5mm , with 4xA53 clocked low.- ofc this one is on 28nm so we can hope for more soon when 20nm parts show up. Reply
iwod - Monday, December 09, 2013 - linkDoes anyone know if Qualcomm license out their 9xx5 core to other companies for integration? Reply
Krysto - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkI'm with Qualcomm adopting this, as I thought they would, since they were already using A7 in S400, but this is rather embarrassing for Qualcomm.
I mean how the hell is Qualcomm's first ARMv8 chip an ARM one?! I thought the whole point of licensing the architecture and building the core yourself was that you got to release it EARLIER than ARM themselves. I expected Nvidia to not release an ARMv8 chip in 2014, but Qualcomm seems to have handled their transition to ARMv8 just as poorly.
In the end, this is good, though. It just means Qualcomm gets to have less monopoly, and perhaps for once Samsung will do something with their chips, and try to steal customers away from Qualcomm, by giving their chips to others. I don't know what the hell the chip business of Samsung is thinking. They had so many opportunities to push Exynos chips as competitors to Qualcomm's chips, especially since Apple wants to give up on having them make their chips, and they never took advantage of them. They even have their own fab. Heck, they aren't even using them for their own chips, let alone sell them to others. If Samsung will be the first with a 64-bit chip in 2014, this would be a good opportunity for them to start doing that. Reply
darkich - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkI think that Qualcomm had a good reason to develop its own core with the Krait(Cortex A15 having problematic power efficiency), but now with the A53/A57, I wouldn't be surprised if we don't see the successor of Krait core actually.
And using stock ARM won't make them any less competitive.. Qc is the market leader in the whole SoC design, and that has always been their greatest strength. The CPU architecture is just a small part of their puzzle. Reply
Kvaern - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkBecause no one expected the Spanish Inquisition, or Apple sending the market into a 64 bit frenzy in 2013.
Qualcomm no doubt has a 64 bit krait roadmap but Apple destroyed that and now they are playing catch up the best they can, and that apparently means they have to rely on an ARM design for now. Reply
michael2k - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkYou're expecting too much. Had Apple not released their 64 bit A7 then neither NVIDIA nor Qualcomm (or Samsung) would have been 'late'.
You also over estimate Samsung. Samsung's initial chip designs were via Intrinsity, which Apple bought out from under them. Without that they have to rely on ARM and their own in-house talent, which has demonstrably been experiencing growing pains as they try to DIY. Likewise Apple has never 'given up on them', though they may be shopping around. Apple still purchases the bulk of their SoC from Samsung, which deprives Samsung of the capacity necessary to fulfill their own orders, much less anyone else's. In that light this is why Samsung has and continues to use third party chips like Snapdragon and Tegra... and third party fabs like TSMC!
So relax; it doesn't matter who is second with a 64 bit chip, it only matters that you have sufficient competition to get a phone/tablet you like. Reply
Mondozai - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkIt does matter who is #2, because it influences the Android market, and thus competition. Also, both Qualcomm and Samsung are late. That's just a fact.
Krysto is right that Qualcomm missed the 64-bit train, which is why they demoted their CMO when he started to trash Apple's A7. If they are forced to use ARM designs for their first 64-bit chip it is essentially an admission of failure to predict where the market would be. (If you actually need 64-bit SoC's in phones for 2014 is up for debate, I think it's highly debatable.
But the fact is that the market has moved here in preparation for future phones and tablets and Qualcomm is late. Simple as. But it's not going to be very serious. If they can get their Krait 64-bit before the year is over or very early next year, not much is lost. But still; embarrassing to be so flatfooted and kudos to Apple for driving the ecosystem(once again). Reply
michael2k - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkNo, Apple was unexpectedly early. Everyone had a published or announced roadmap indicating 64 bit would happen by the end of 2014; none of that has changed. Reply
Kvaern - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - link
Maybe it's my google skills but I can't find anything resembling a Qualcomm or Samsung roadmap talking about 64 bit dates prior to the A7 announcement and as you know qualcomm's cmo immediately wrote 64 bit off as a "gimmick" which does imply a thing or two about Qualcomm's priorities at the time of the announcement. Reply
michael2k - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkhttp://www.anandtech.com/show/6420/arms-cortex-a57...
ARM announced the 64 bit CPUs in 10/12, and would deliver their base designs by about 6/13, with the expectation of production silicon by spring of 2014. AMD had announced it's product by 2014.
ARM's press release: http://www.arm.com/about/newsroom/arm-launches-cor...
ARM itself expected the first Cortex A50 based chips in 2014.
Again, Apple shipping in 2013 was unexpectedly early. Reply
Kvaern - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkThat's only ARM itself, not "everyone".
The 410 is simply a low end reference design if I'm not mistaken, which they can get to market much faster than a 64 bit Krait and there's no Qualcomm published roadmap with a 64 bit Krait in it as far as I'm aware. Reply
michael2k - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkThat's the irony isn't it?
Apple beat ARM to market with a custom design, while Qualcomm is relying on a reference design to be first to market. Yes, Qualcomm never published a roadmap, but ARM did. I just assumed that everyone would release their parts after ARM did. Reply
fteoath64 - Thursday, December 12, 2013 - linkI am sure Qualcomm has a Krait 64bit design but it might be late, hence the use of A53 reference design as the way to "beat the 2013" time frame in order to show the market it has some 64-bit cred. This buys time for a real Krait 64 sometime Q2 or next year when it will begin to heat up as the other Arm players begin to show their iterations of the reference A57 designs. Here is where Krait can still work its magic to capture the bulk of the market the way it did with S600. Reply
OreoCookie - Wednesday, December 11, 2013 - linkThere is no pressure in the Android world to switch to 64 bit earlier (Android would still run using the ARM v7s ISA). Apple, on the other hand, does have advantages switching to 64 bit on its own terms in addition to speedups. For instance, I expect Apple's 64 bit transition for their ARM-powered devices to be very smooth sailing: by the time their devices hit the 4 GB barrier, all of iOS ecosystem has moved to 64 bit long ago.
In the Android world having a »64 bit cpu« is just a marketing checkbox at this point. However, he advantages of A53 (low power consumption, higher performance) remain even if it is run in 32 bit mode. Reply
SydneyBlue120d - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkCan't wait to preorder the Google Nexus 6 running 64bit Krait evolution with 4K HDR HEVC 60FPS IOS video support and LTE Advanced :P Reply
tigmd99 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkAnand, how does A53 compare to Cyclone (from Apple A7 chip)? Reply
ws3 - Tuesday, December 10, 2013 - linkhttp://www.sadtrombone.com/ Reply
endinyal - Tuesday, December 17, 2013 - linkWell thank goodness that everyone that "thinks" they know what's going on said that 64-bit on a phone is a waste right??? Last thing we want is for the fandroid community to once-again be proven wrong right? Reply
melgross - Wednesday, December 18, 2013 - linkNever pay attention to people saying that something isn't necessary. They're always wrong. Reply
dynamited - Thursday, December 19, 2013 - link"I'm really excited to see what ARM's Cortex A53 can do." Then we have a marketing table from Qualcomm with projected numbers presented as fact. I'm holding my breathe all next year in anticipation. Reply
ChipNano - Saturday, February 08, 2014 - linkIt would be quite challenging for the design and testing of this 64 bit snapdragon 410 since its first 64 bit processor that too with A53.. Reply
Krysto - Friday, May 30, 2014 - linkIf Cortex A53 is 43 percent faster than Cortex A7 at same clock speed, then Qualcomm's Snapdragon 410 at 1.4 Ghz should be 65 percent faster than Snapdragon 400. So Moto G2 could be that much faster than the original. Not bad improvement in 12 months time.
The GPU, however, seems a little disappointing? I'm not sure how much faster it is compared to the one in Snapdragon 400, but overall it should be less than Adreno 225/Adreno 305? I hope I'm wrong. I'd expect to see Adreno 320 level performance in such devices in late 2014/early 2015. Reply


text: William R. Dellinger, 56, of Mill Run, exchanged his cross for a crown Wednesday, Oct. 29, 2008, while surrounded by his loving family. Bill fought a long, courageous battle against complications that developed after he suffered a devastating stroke Dec. 26, 2007. Bill was born Oct. 15, 1952, in Confluence, a son of Albert and Leona Dellinger, of Markleysburg. He graduated from Uniontown High School in 1971 and was the proud president of the FFA. After graduation he joined the Navy where he served on the USS Intrepid during the Vietnam War. He was honorably discharged in 1975. During this time he married the love of his life, Janet Richter, of Connellsville, and was happily married for 36 years. Bill was a dedicated employee of CSX Railroad for 31 years, where he served as a union representative. He was also the current president of the Springfield Township Volunteer Hose Company in Mill Run. Bill was a longtime member of Calvary Assembly of God Church in Connellsville. Bill is survived by his wife, Jan, with whom he celebrated 36 years of Marriage Oct. 7, 2008; daughters, Stephanie Griffith and husband, Mike, of Mill Run, and Chrissy Benton and husband, Steve, of White; a son, Bryce Dellinger, of Charlotte, N.C., and his fiancee, Leah Vilella; grandchildren, Kennedy and Hunter Griffith and Kaybree and Kira Benton; his parents; a sister, Sandy Gleason and her husband, Les, of Farmington; his wife's parents, Bernard and Betty Richter, of South Connellsville; sister-in-law, Cindy Hillen and husband, Jim; brothers-in-law, Butch Richter, Ron Richter, Don Richter and wife, Micki, and Larry Richter and wife, Darla, all of Connellsville; many nieces, nephews, cousins and honorary family members whose lives have been touched by "Cat Fish Willie." He is also survived by his granddog, Marley. Bill was predeceased by a brother, Bob Seese; and sister-in-law, Lorraine Seese, of Farmington.


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DETROIT - A Michigan man who is behind bars for killing his wife and dismembering her body is speaking out in print.
Stephen Grant gave interviews to two reporters who have turned his words and others into a true crime novel.
The book was released Jan 6.
Grant's wife, Tara, was originally reported missing last February but her torso was discovered in the couple's Washington Township garage. The rest of her remains were found in a nearby park.
Grant's trial made national news and he was convicted last December of second-degree murder in Tara's death.
The two reporters, Steve Miller and Andrea Billups, previously covered Grant's case for People Magazine.
The soft-covered 294-page book, titled "Slaying in the Suburbs," is being released by Berkley Publishing in New York. The price listed on the cover is $7.99.
The authors point out in the book's foreword that Tara's family wanted nothing to do with the book. The authors write that they got their information from court and police records and also through first-person interviews with Grant.
The authors make it a fact to mention that anything Grant told them was "suspect."
The book traces the beginning of the couple's marriage, the rise of Tara in her profession and how it strained the couple's relationship because Grant failed to succeed in his.
The book also paints the picture of Tara's murder and how Grant drove her body around and ultimately dismembered her, all while carrying on a romantic relationship with the couple's nanny.
In the last few pages of the book, the authors write, "Steve is soft-spoken and has clearly been humbled by the consequences of his heinous act. Yet his hands, large and strong, remain the hands that murdered and dismembered the woman he had sworn to love and protect, the ultimate betrayal."
The book also has words from Grant, claiming he was an alcoholic and had been prescribed Adderall.
Also in the closing pages of the book, is this quote from Grant:
"I miss Tara, and I know that sounds bad. I pray for forgiveness every day. I pray to Tara. I talk to Tara.. When I first entered the jail in Macomb, I was really having a lot of trouble dealing with this, with her being gone , and one of the psychiatrists suggested that I write her letters. So I did, and I still do. I hope I see her again. I miss Tara, which I know people don't understand. She was part of my life for 13 years. I really did love her."
Copyright 2003 by ClickOnDetroit.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Scarlett Johansson has a new hair color I'm told
Here's a brunette Scarlett Johansson at the Hollywood premiere last night of her new movie He's Just Not That Into You. I'm saying she's a brunette because that's the word on the street. For all I know her hair color could be turquoise or made of snakes. That's how incredible I am at my job, folks. Focused like a laser beam, yet sensitive to the fairer sex. PEW PEW PEW! Ladies?
Photos: Getty, Splash News


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Freedom Flies is the final storyline mission in Grand Theft Auto Advance. It is automatically triggered following the completion of Assault Joint after beating King Courtney.
Mike realizes the cops have him surrounded and wishes to have a tank to get through them and reach the airport, where Cisco, the deceased leader of the Colombian Cartel, has left a plane for him to leave Liberty City. When the cutscene ends, a tank appears and Mike gets on it. With a 6-star wanted level, you have to get to Francis International Airport in time. If the tank is destroyed or the player dies/gets arrested, the mission is failed. Although, the tank can't be easily damaged by the cops. The game will give you instructions how to fire the cannons of the tank and destroy the cop cars which block the road. Once you reach the airport, enter the marker and a cutscene starts.
Mike leaves Liberty City, and remembers his friends, the bar-tender Jonnie, and Cisco, both killed, and 8-Ball, who was arrested. Then a plane is shown leaving Liberty City (for Colombia, as Mike says).
- The reward for this mission is $40,000 and completing the main story.
- The airport is inaccessible in the game, so it's not viewed in this mission, although in the final cutscene it's briefly seen, when the plane takes off.
- The plane that leaves Liberty City with Mike inside looks like a Shamal.
- This is one of four ending missions in the entire GTA series in which the main antagonist is not killed, as Vinnie was killed in Truth Revealed (the others mission would be Out of Commission, Something Sensible and The Time's Come).
- The mission's name is a reference to "Freedom fries", a Bush-era term for French fries created as a response to France's opposition to the invasion of Iraq.
Video Walkthrough
|GBA Version


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|Saint Ouen Laumone, France
|High School:
|University of Liege
|Business Administration
Selected All-SSC 2nd Team in Doubles with Matt Nicholson-Lewis... Posted a record of 8-6 and 2-4 in Sunshine State Conference matchups in singles... Played 6 of his 14 matches in No. 5 singles play (3-3), seven matches at No. 4 singles (5-2), and one match at No. 3 singles (0-1)... Set a record of 15-4 and 5-3 in SSC play in doubles... Played two matches at No. 1 doubles with Fons Verberne (0-1) and Matt Nicholoson-Lewis (1-0)... Played 16 of his 19 double matches at No. 2 with Fons Verberne (2-0) and Matt Nicholoson-Lewis (12-2)... Played one match at No. 3 doubles with Matt Nicholoson-Lewis (0-1).
Played his best tennis, during the 2013 season, in doubles posting a 9-7 overall record and a 2-1 mark in Sunshine State Conference action…Was 7-5 with Ismail Lemtouni playing at all three flights…Was 3-2 at No. 1 doubles, 2-0 at No. 2 and 2-3 at No. 3 teaming with Lemtouni…Also hit the court with Aloua Adjenak at No. 3 doubles recording a 2-0 record, and Matt Nicholson-Lewis (0-2)…Was 3-9 on the year in singles play, competing at No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5.
All-Sunshine State Conference First Team Doubles (Matt Nicholson-Lewis)…All-Sunshine State Conference Second Team Singles…Sunshine State Conference Player of the Week (02/06/12)…Concluded season ranked No.41 in the nation and No.15 in the south region singles and No.11 in the nation and No.6 in south region doubles (Nicholson-Lewis) according to ITA...Tied for team lead (Jacobo Gonzalez-Tarrio) in singles wins with 18…Went 5-1 in SSC action…Competed out of one, two, and three singles…Posted 1-0 record at top-flight…Registered individual high of nine win at No.2 singles…Amassed an 8-2 record at No.3 singles…Won three matches against nationally-ranked opponents…Won a season-high 10 consecutive singles matches…Combined to win 18 doubles matches…Won two matches with Aloua Adjenak at No.1 doubles…Amassed a 16-7 record with Matt Nicholson-Lewis at top-flight singles…Won 11-consecutive doubles matches.
Saint Leo Athlete of the Week twice…Sunshine State Conference Player of the Week (03/07/11)…Sunshine State Conference Freshman of the Year…All-Sunshine State Conference First Team Singles…All-Sunshine State Conference First Team Doubles with Matt Nicholson-Lewis…Led the Lions with 18 singles wins…Earned a 4-2 conference record…Played majority of season out of the second flight spot…Accumulated winning streaks of five and nine matches…Teamed with Matt Nicholson-Lewis in doubles…Assembled a 16-9 mark from the top flight position…Defeated three nationally ranked teams…Pieced together winning-streaks of four and nine matches…Posted a 4-2 record in SSC play…Finished season 14th-ranked doubles tandem in country…Helped advance Lions to first NCAA Tournament appearance in program history.
Graduated from Lycee Edmond Rostand High School…Attended the University of Liege in France from 2008-2009.
Born on February 3 in Saint Ouen Lamone, Val Doise, France…Business Administration major...Hobbies include playing poker, movies and football…His career goals are to get his degree and manage a sports business…Believes his fighting spirit is his best asset to the team…Names Zinedine Zidane as his favorite athlete...Names Brazil as his favorite team...Chose Saint Leo because he likes the academic and tennis programs…Son of Jean and Laurence Lozier…Has one sister, Lucille.


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Ancestry.com classes @ Your Library
Jan 18, 2012
from 06:30 PM to 07:30 PM
|Hoffman Community Room
|Contact Name
|Lisa Gaylor
|Contact Phone
|Add event to calendar
Interested in finding out who is in your family tree? Through our library's website patrons can access the Ancestry.com Library version while in the library using either on their own laptop or the library computers for free. Learn how to use this website by attending classes on January 4 and 11 from 6:30 to 7:30 pm. Then on January 18 and 25 from 6:30 to 7:30 pm join other ancestry researchers to use this and other websites to look up your ancestry. Laptop computers will be available for use. Feel free to bring information about your own family to research. Registration is requested. For more information please contact the library.


text:
42 U.S. Code § 14163a - Capital prosecution improvement grants
§ 14163a.
Capital prosecution improvement grants
(a) In general
The Attorney General shall award grants to States for the purpose of enhancing the ability of prosecutors to effectively represent the public in State capital cases.
(b) Use of funds
(1) Permitted usesGrants awarded under subsection (a) shall be used for one or more of the following:
To design and implement training programs for State and local prosecutors to ensure effective representation in State capital cases.
To develop and implement appropriate standards and qualifications for State and local prosecutors who litigate State capital cases.
To assess the performance of State and local prosecutors who litigate State capital cases, provided that such assessment shall not include participation by the assessor in the trial of any specific capital case.
To identify and implement any potential legal reforms that may be appropriate to minimize the potential for error in the trial of capital cases.
To establish a program under which State and local prosecutors conduct a systematic review of cases in which a death sentence was imposed in order to identify cases in which post-conviction DNA testing may be appropriate.
(Pub. L. 108–405, title IV, § 422, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2288.)
Section was enacted as part of the Innocence Protection Act 2004 and also as part of the Justice for All Act of 2004, and not as part of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 which enacted this chapter.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


text:
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Rush Limbaugh Continues Long Right Wing Tradition Of Fearmongering Over Inflation
Blog ››› ››› DAVID SHERE
The Federal Reserve announced on September 13 that it is taking new measures commonly referred to as quantitative easing to boost employment and stimulate the economy. Immediately following the announcement, Rush Limbaugh told his radio show listeners that this means the United States will eventually turn into Zimbabwe.
Limbaugh claimed that the Fed's actions mean "we're basically printing more money" and "printing money equals inflation, equals Zimbabwe -- third world." This is a common response from the right wing media whenever the Fed moves to boost the economy. But the idea that inflation in the United States will ever explode into unmanageable levels is farfetched.
To understand what Limbaugh is saying, think about what matters for your economic situation: Ultimately, what's important is not the amount printed on the pieces of paper in your pocket; it's what the money can buy. The idea that Limbaugh is trying to get across -- which is false -- is that by "printing money," the Federal Reserve is debasing the currency -- making each dollar worth less. But if the Fed, for example, doubled the amount of dollars in circulation in the world, all that would happen is that prices would in turn double. So instead of your morning coffee costing $2, it would cost $4, because each dollar would only have half the value it did before. That's what Limbaugh's getting at when he said "printing money equals inflation."
But he's wrong. The fact is that the Fed has already "printed" $2.3 trillion since 2008. (Actually, it doesn't physically print anything. Imagine selling some of your Facebook stock to the bank, and the bank pays you by dropping money straight into your account. That's what the Fed does -- it buy bonds from banks, and drops money in their accounts.) But it hasn't resulted in runaway inflation. This chart shows how fast prices have risen over the previous year going back to 1947, with a black line added at zero to make clear how historically low inflation currently is:
As economist Mark Thoma wrote several weeks ago, "it appears the biggest worries about further easing -- inflation and market disruption - are unfounded."
But little things like history and evidence have no bearing on the right wing's thought leaders. Fox News contributor Sarah Palin has predicted that the previous rounds of bond buying would lead to inflation.
After the Fed's announcement, she took to Facebook to again denounce the Fed's actions:
As predicted, QE3 is upon us. Is it any wonder that the dollar is down against major currencies? This temporary, artificial economic "stimulus" bought at the expense of high inflation is no substitute for a stable currency and genuine long-term economic recovery. This is what happens when big government centralized planners try to "plan" our economy. President Obama is no doubt happy, though, that this latest sugar fix comes 53 days before the election.
As we've established, the substance of this critique is flawed. But what does Limbaugh mean when he says we'll turn into Zimbabwe?
Go back to your $2 cup of coffee. If the value of a dollar falls and your cup of coffee goes from $2 to $4, that's inflation. If the value of a dollar falls and your cup of coffee goes from $2 to $200,000, that's hyperinflation, and it's a debilitating economic condition that the African nation of Zimbabwe experienced in the mid-2000s.
According to The New York Times, Zimbabwe had an unemployment rate of around 80 percent and inflation, as of May 2006, was approaching 1000 percent. The Times explained:
[P]rinting too many worthless dollars is in part what got Zimbabwe into this mess to begin with. Zimbabwe fell into hyperinflation after the government began seizing commercial farms in about 2000. Foreign investors fled, manufacturing ground to a halt, goods and foreign currency needed to buy imports fell into short supply and prices shot up.
Annual inflation in the United States today is 1.7 percent.
It hasn't risen above 7 percent in more than two decades
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Labour MP Sharon Hodgson was given short shrift from the prime minister today when she asked David Cameron whether the following statement was true:
The problem is policy is being run by two public school boys who don't know what it's like to go to the supermarket and have to put things back on the shelves because they can't afford it for their children's lunchboxes. What's worse, they don't care either
The prime minister told the MP for Washington and Sunderland West to celebrate the fact Nissan is building a new car in Britain rather that focusing on "whatever nonsense" she had read out.
That "nonsense" actually came from his own benches in the form of the rebellious and outspoken Nadine Dorries – she made the comments to my colleague Kiran Stacey this week when asked to discuss child benefit. Hers is not a lone voice: Mark Pritchard, MP for the Wrekin, also made similar remarks to the FT about the prime minister a few days ago. Read more


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Troy Container Line Appoints new Chief Operating Officer
RED BANK, NJ (Sept. 23, 2011) – Troy Container Line Ltd., one of the largest American-owned NVOCCs, today announced the appointment of two key personnel to executive positions. Patricia L. Fitzgerald has been promoted to chief operating officer of the company's export department, while Chris Hellow, based at Troy's Charlotte, N.C. office, has been announced as chief operating officer of the company's import department.
Both Fitzgerald and Hellow are longtime employees of Troy Container Line. Their respective departmental expertise; ability to manage employees; work with counterparts worldwide; and, most importantly, maintain Troy's unwavering dedication to customer service makes them incredible assets to the New Jersey-based shipping company.
"Both Patricia and Chris have been integral to the strategic growth of the company," commented Michael Troy, founder and president of Troy Container Line. "I am confident their new leadership positions will foster continued success in both departments, while securing new opportunities for our company in untapped markets."
In her new position, Fitzgerald will oversee the day-to-day operations of Troy's LCL and full container services to more than 500 ports around the world. Fitzgerald first joined Troy 14 years ago as a sales executive, bringing a decade of industry experience and strong international relationships to the company. Prior to being named chief operating officer, she held upper-management positions at Troy including senior vice president of LCL Export. Her results-driven approach is augmented by her affinity for working with Troy's international partners and agents. Fitzgerald is a graduate of Schiller International University. She studied in London and Paris before earning a bachelor's degree in international business.
Hellow's appointment as chief operating officer of imports includes his continued management of Troy's Charlotte, N.C. office. While he has overseen the varied responsibilities associated with the import department since 2001, Hellow's new appointment includes working to develop new trade lanes, negotiating vendor rates, fostering relationships with agencies around the world, and overseeing the company's expansion in the South Atlantic region. Hellow joined Troy in 1998, quickly making a transition from sales to imports. A New Jersey native, Hellow completed his bachelor's degree at Montclair State University.
To learn more about Troy Container Line, please visit www.TroyLines.com or call 1-800-331-0058.
About Troy Container Line
Founded in 1984 as a Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier, Troy has become one of the largest companies in its industry. From 17 strategically placed warehouses, Troy Container Line serves the needs of more than 2000 customers with 700 destinations on six continents. Since its inception, founder Michael Troy realized the level of service his company, as an NVOCC, could provide individual shippers over that of steamship lines. For the past twenty-seven years, this has become the driving force behind every facet of Troy Container Line's operations. This is exemplified in the company's mission statement, which is to provide the ultimate in personalized customer service. Please visit www.TroyLines.com or call 1-800-331-0058 for additional information.


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Police say 39-year-old Luis Choy died from shots to the thorax and cranium in the Saturday afternoon attack a few blocks from a police station.
Police criminal investigations director Gen. Cesar Cortijo told a news conference that Choy was leaving his home in an SUV when an unidentified man shot at him twice and fled in a car that had been waiting.
Police say they don't have a motive in the slaying.


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— August
By Ben Ellison
ED&D E-Plex
ED&D is turning heads in the world of system monitoring and control with a wide portfolio of sensors and touchscreen displays that talk to each other over a simple two-wire network using its E-Plex protocol. I've seen impressive engine and tank monitoring aboard a seasoned 125-foot Newcastle Marine expedition yacht as well as air conditioning, lighting, and video integration in the company's demo motorcoach. The U.K. builder Sealine has adopted the technology under the C-Plex moniker for its yachts. A graphic programming language, E-Logic, allows an installer to design systems, even set up complex custom commands, quickly.
ED&D ( (407) 359-8171. www.edd-inc.com.
Next page > Nauticomp GB Displays > Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
This article originally appeared in the August 2005 issue of Power & Motoryacht magazine.


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Memories can be preserved in many ways, from scrapbooks to recorded interviews. Here's help documenting your loved one's life story.
Life is like a tapestry, woven from memories of people and events. Your unique tapestry reminds you of who you are, where you've been and what you've done.
Sadly, Alzheimer's disease gradually takes these memories. If you're caring for a loved one who has Alzheimer's, you can help him or her cope with the onset of memory loss by creating a tangible bank of memories.
Memories can be preserved in many ways. You can:
Start by reminiscing with your loved one about his or her family history, traditions and celebrations. Often, childhood games, homes and pets are good opening topics — especially as Alzheimer's progresses and your loved one has trouble remembering recent events. You might also talk about favorite sports, books, music and hobbies, as well as cultural or historical events.
Depending on the status of your loved one's memory, you might also want to interview neighbors, friends and family members.
Other sources of information might include important papers or personal letters. Consider making copies of anything precious for safekeeping.
Once you create your loved one's memory bank, use it. Pull out photos and other items throughout the day to remind the person of special relationships, events and places.
By documenting your loved one's life story, you can affirm the positive things he or she has done and, possibly, can still do. Even after your loved one's memories fade, creating this kind of treasury shows that you value and respect his or her legacy — and can help remind you who your loved one was before Alzheimer's disease.
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/caregivers/in-depth/alzheimers/art-20046331
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i took some cell phone pictures
storm moving over chadwick beach
crazy looking clouds.. they were swirling up above. we had hail too
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i took some cell phone pictures
storm moving over chadwick beach
crazy looking clouds.. they were swirling up above. we had hail too
wow - those are awesome photos - especially from a cell.
I just got back from CA at a golf camp and my bro and I went to check the ocean to see if there were any waves at Sea Bright right after church at Monmouth Beach just cuz I've been gone and missing the Atlantic. We were also deciding if it was worth going to the beach (it wasn't too stormy by then...kinda clearing up in fact) Anyway, as we were heading down to check it out, my friend, who's a lifeguard there, blew his whistle and told me to get the f off. I was like wtf but he explained to me what happened up in Sandy Hook and I was shocked lol. Pretty intense...I could've been one of those if he didn't warn me :eek: cuz I didn't know at the time there were more storms coming...thought it was just a rare severe AM T-Storm...prob would've headed down just to chill...glad I didn't
Well said South Bethany:)
jay cagney - Damn dude what kind of phone takes pics like that??? Excellent quality!
Toyota Racing Development History
Yea that's pretty scary stuff. There was solid nickle to quater size hail near me. I was watching the hail and hoping my glass tables outside were not going to break.
Those pictures are nuts - nice job w/ the cell...
Any other Jersey photogs think to snap that beast of a storm? I'm a freak about sky photography and would love to see more.
Sad about the loss of life - RIP
haha yeah yesterday was insane i was in bradley it was crazy


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IT is hard to say whether Jim McNulty's glass will have been half empty or half full after the centre-back toasted his man-of-the-match award following Tuesday night's draw at home to promotion hopefuls Oxford.
The 29-year-old defender was calmness personified on the pitch as he produced his third near faultless display since swapping Championship Barnsley for Bury.
But McNulty cut a frustrated figure in the press room after the match as he recounted how his new side had come to concede their first goal in 238 minutes of football under his watch, following shut-outs in his first two games for the Shakers against Burton Albion and Wycombe Wanderers.
"I'm content we have got another point, but highly frustrated we haven't been able to keep another clean sheet to add to the two we managed in our last two games," said McNulty.
"I've loved getting the clean sheets so far and I'm devastated we haven't got another one because it was a poxy goal we have conceded.
"We all feel that we were doing our own jobs we were given, but a man in transition, who hadn't been up at other corners, caught us cold.
"No-one was designated to mark him so it's one of those things, but it won't happen to us again."
Josh Ruffels' back post header off a Danny Rose corner, which brought the sides level just two minutes after Craig Jones had given the Shakers a 56th-minute lead, was the only blot on their copybook all match.
Oxford's unbeaten away record looked under threat as the managerless side dropped deeper and deeper in the face of relentless Bury possession.
It was a tactic that frustrated David Flitcroft's side, who could and probably should have taken a 10th-minute lead after Anton Forrester failed to connect properly with a header from Andrew Tutte's pinpoint cross.
Neither side were able to open up a clear-cut chance for the remainder of the first half, with Jean-Louis Akpa Akpro curling an effort at Oxford keeper Ryan Clarke and Forrester blasting an angled drive over the bar.
At the other end, Ruffels had a fierce shot well blocked, while McNulty provided the highlight of the half, dummying two onrushing attackers on the edge of his own penalty area before striding confidently out of defence.
Ashley Grimes made way for Daniel Nardiello to return from a hamstring injury after the break and it was the substitute striker who provided the cross to break the deadlock.
Clarke failed to claim the ball under pressure on his six yard line and Jones was on hand to fire the loose ball into an empty net.
Sadly for Bury, Ruffels quickly cancelled out their lead, rising highest at the back post to equalise.
And while Clarke did well to turn an instinctive Nardiello shot around his post, the Shakers late barrage on the Oxford goal, extended by seven minutes of injury time after Brian Jensen required treatment to a head wound, proved fruitless.
The fact Bury passed League Two's third-placed side off the park should have provided McNulty some comfort, but the point did little to ease his frustration.
"We killed them with the goal and if we had just held the lead for 10, maybe five minutes, I think that might have been enough - the momentum was with us," he said.
"We have got a 1-1 draw, which, in the bigger picture against a team that has conceded the lowest number of goals in the league and is undefeated away, is ok, but they should have been defeated tonight."
The point did, however, move Bury up three places to 17th in the table and open up a three point gap over Saturday's opponents – second-bottom Torquay United.
McNulty is now determined to stretch that gap further on the Devon coast.
"It's a long trip to Torquay, but a long trip for three points - we are determined to go there now and win," he said.
"A win against Oxford would have made it slightly more comfortable but I do believe we are going in the right direction."
BURY: Jensen 6; Veseli 7, Mills 7, McNulty 8; Jones 8, Tutte 7, Miller 7, Sedgwick 7; Grimes 6 (Nardiello 7 50); Forrester 8 (Soares 6 80), Akpa Akpro 6 (Platt 6 74).
Not used: Hinds, Procter, Burke, Charles-Cook.
OXFORD UNITED: Clarke; Bevans, Hunt, Mullins, Newey; Smalley, Rose, Wroe, Ruffels, O'Dowda (Kitson 63); Constable (Connolly 63).
Not used: Davies, Marsh, Henly, Long, Lynn.
Goals: Bury – Jones 56. Oxford United – Ruffels 58.
Yellow cards: Oxford United – Newey 14, Hunt 45+1.
Referee: Graham Horwood (Bedfordshire).
Attendance: 2,303 (204 visiting).
Star man: Jim McNulty – The centre-back continued an excellent start to his Bury career with another imperious display at the back. Dropping his shoulder to dummy two on-rushing Oxford forwards as it looked like he would be caught in possession in front of his own penalty box was a highlight of what should have been a difficult night for the Shakers. The fact Bury made holding the promotion hopefuls to a draw look easy was in large part thanks to McNulty's calming presence at the back.


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SAINT LEO, Fla. – Saint Leo softball slugger Tatiana Casis was named Sunshine State Conference Offensive Player of the Week, it was announced Monday by Comissioner Michael J. Marcil.
Casis led the Lions in most offensive categories during her record setting week as the Port St. Lucie native batted .636 and knocked in 18 RBI, while scoring nine runs to lead the Lions to a 6-1 weekly mark. Casis hit safely in six games and tallied multiple hits in five. Amassing a 1.318 slugging percentage, she pounded three doubles and four home runs on the week. Casis' most impressive outing came in a 28-0 shellacking of Salem International, in which she drove in 10 runs on three homers. She turned to the long ball again in delivering what proved to be the game-winning three-run homer in a 6-2 victory over a very strong Newberry squad at the Francis Marion Tournament. In seven games, Casis tallied a .636 OBP and a .947 fielding percentage.
Her biggest accomplishments came last Wednesday in a doubleheader against Salem International. In the two contests, the third baseman went a combined 7-for-7 while smashing three home runs and driving in 13 runs. After going 4-for-4 in the opening game, Casis went on a record setting performance in game two, as SLU scored 19 runs in the first inning. Although, the 19 runs in the first inning, which is now second all-time in NCAA Division II softball, wasn't the main highlight. During the frame, the Lions slugger batted three times blasting a home run each time at the plate. The three long balls is a Saint Leo all-time record and the NCAA continues to dig to see if the mark is worthy of all-time stature.
During her first at bat of the night, she blasted a two-run shot over the right field fence. The next two times up to the plate Casis did the unthinkable slugging two more home runs, except this time in grand slam fashion. The two grand slams in an inning sets an all-time Saint Leo record and ties the NCAA record set in 1995. Also during the inning, the senior totaled ten run RBI to set an NCAA and Saint Leo all-time record, surpassing the old NCAA record of eight.
Casis also led the Lions through tough competition at the Francis Marion Tournament where the team went 4-1. She batted .467 while collecting seven hits, three of which were for extra bases. Casis scored three runs and average an RBI pergame during the series.
Casis and the Lions return to action on Friday, March 13 as they travel to Boca Raton, Fla. to take on the Fighting Knights of Lynn University in Sunshine State Action.


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Hey there, time traveller!
This article was published 1/2/2013 (1663 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
As a pathologist, Michael Zimmerman was familiar with dead bodies, but when he was asked to autopsy a mummy for the first time, he wasn't sure what to expect. There were a dozen layers of wrapping, which he peeled off one at a time, "like Chinese boxes," he said. When he finished, he found the body was dark brown and hard. "It smelled like old books."
That was more than 30 years ago. Now, having dissected and CT-scanned mummies from all over the world -- some ancient and some just two or three centuries old -- Zimmerman has begun drawing conclusions about health and disease in past eras. His work and that of other so-called paleopathologists is starting to challenge assumptions about which diseases are caused by modern lifestyles and which ones are as ancient as the pharaohs.
"Studying mummies adds a crucial dimension of time to our understanding of diseases and their role in shaping human biology and history," he said. "Mummies give us information about the evolution of disease. It's important that we don't think of disease as a static thing."
Zimmerman's first mummy autopsy came from the Aleutian Islands and dated back 200 to 300 years. It was customary during that period for the Aleut people to mummify the dead by putting them in caves with vents of hot gas that naturally desiccated them. Getting rid of the water inhibits the growth of bacteria that cause bodies to decay.
When you autopsy a fresh body, the colour and hardness of tissues give information on disease, but in this case everything was brown and hard. So Zimmerman cut out the organs and made thin sections from them, rehydrated them and examined them under a microscope.
The body, he said, was that of a middle-aged man. Zimmerman could see that a lobe in one of the lungs had been infected with bacteria. He'd died of Klebsiella pneumonia, a disease that today can strike street people and alcoholics exposed to cold. There were abscesses in the kidneys and heart as well. The man's bacterial killer had been mummified along with him.
Zimmerman was intrigued, realizing that mummies held an untapped wealth of information about the evolution of human disease and human history. He decided to get a doctorate in anthropology so he could be the person called in to examine mummies everywhere. It took 10 years to get there, he said, but it worked. Now, while officially linked to Villanova University near Philadelphia, he has traveled the world to examine mummies at the request of museums, university professors and legal authorities. When an old-looking preserved body turns up, there's almost always a mystery to solve, he said: Who was this person, and what caused his death?
-- -- --
In 1979, Zimmerman took part in an expedition to Egypt, where he examined the mummified body of a six-year-old child dating back to 1300 B.C.
By staining samples of its lung tissue, he found the pathogen that causes tuberculosis, thus establishing the oldest known case of the disease. The only previous evidence of TB dating back that far had come from artwork depicting figures with bone deformities characteristic of the disease.
Over the years, Zimmerman has seen mummies with arthritis, club foot (King Tut suffered from it), cirrhosis of the liver and plaque in their arteries -- ailments similar to what doctors see in autopsies today.
What amazed him was that among all these mummies, he saw only two cases of cancer, though he says tumours are easy to spot. During a recent talk at Villanova, he showed a slide of a rectal cancer found in a middle-aged Egyptian mummy, explaining how the cells stained a distinct colour and showed signs of abnormal cell division.
Zimmerman and University of Manchester professor Rosalie David, who founded the university's renowned Egypt Mummy Project, wrote a 2010 paper for the journal Nature on the lack of mummified cancer and their speculation that cancer might be more tied to modern environments than has been assumed. Zimmerman attributes most of the difference to the modern prevalence of smoking: There's nothing in the historical or archaeological record to suggest that ancient Egyptians smoked.
The paper stirred up controversy, with some questioning whether the low cancer rates in ancient people are merely a consequence of shorter life spans -- perhaps people simply didn't live long enough to get cancer. But even taking age into account, Zimmerman said, there's surprisingly little cancer. Besides, he said, he sees osteoarthritis, clogged arteries and other diseases of aging in these mummies. Some of the pharaohs lived past 90.
Geneticist Mary Daly of Philadelphia's Fox Chase Cancer Center said it's also likely that obesity plays a role in making cancer so much more common today than it was in ancient Egypt. If you took away cigarettes and obesity from today's population, Daly said, you'd see a drastic drop in cancer rates. That's essentially the population you're studying in ancient Egypt.
Other researchers share Zimmerman's interest in diseases of the distant past, though most study bones rather than mummies. Bones have revealed ancient cases of osteoporosis and a striking decline in height and general health in a number of societies after the adoption of agriculture, possibly due to unsanitary conditions and a sudden shift from varied diets to ones based primarily on grain.
While the anthropologists who study bones have the advantage of much more numerous samples, Zimmerman's mummies preserve more information. Both types of studies can provide insights into the causes of diseases, said Ohio State University anthropologist Clark Larsen, head of the Global History of Human Health Project.
Zimmerman, 75, is concentrating on passing his knowledge down to a next generation of researchers. They have tools he never dreamed of back when he started out, he said. CT scanning has improved to where researchers can see detail unimaginable a decade ago, and in the last few years scientists have developed the ability to extract and sequence DNA from scraps of ancient bones and tissues.
There's a more interesting future than ever, he said, for those who choose to study the distant past, and there are more connections to be made to the diseases of modern man.
-- The Washington Post
Flam writes the Lightning Rod blog for WHYY's NewsWorks. She has been a science columnist for the Philadelphia Inquirer and written for the Economist and Science. Her latest book is "The Score."


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U.S. Army issue ACU camouflage paratrooper assault pack. Has leg tie down straps for paratrooper jumps. Made from heavy duty nylon with YKK zippers. Teardrop shaped bag has a main compartment approximately 21" tall, 15" wide at it widest point. 12" X 12" front zippered pocket with 10" X 6 1/2" velcro pocket. Six fastex buckle closures and lots of loops for attachments. Rear exterior pocket with clear ID holder. Padded shoulder straps, chest strap and waist belt.