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Social psychology: Altruism · Attribution · Attitudes · Conformity · Discrimination · Groups · Interpersonal relations · Obedience · Prejudice · Norms · Perception · Index · Outline
Sociologists usually define power as the ability to impose one's will on others, even if those others resist in some way.
- "By power is meant that opportunity existing within a social [relationship] which permits one to carry out one's own will even against resistance and regardless of the basis on which this opportunity rests."
- Max Weber, Basic Concepts in Sociology
The imposition need not involve coercion (force or threat of force). Thus "power" in the sociological sense subsumes both physical power and political power, including many of the types listed at power. In some ways it more closely resembles what everyday English-speakers call "influence".
More generally, one could define "power" as the more or less unilateral ability (real or perceived) or potential to bring about significant change, usually in people's lives, through the actions of oneself or of others.
The laws of power are an interpretation of evolution, used by individuals, with the goal to let an individual evolve to the highest level of comfort he can attain in his social setting.
The exercise of power seems endemic to humans as social and gregarious beings.
The Spanish word for power is "poder", and the French word is "pouvoir". Both words mean "to be able," and this meaning reflects on the meaning of the English word "power". A second French word is "puissance", which means more potential or virtual power, a capacity of, while "pouvoir" would be actualized "puissance".
Analysis and operation of powerEdit
Power manifests itself in a relational manner: one cannot meaningfully say that a particular social actor "has power" without also specifying the other parties to the social relationship.
Power almost always operates reciprocally, but usually not equally reciprocally. To control others, one must have control over things that they desire or need, but one can rarely exercise that control without a measure of reverse control - larger, smaller or equal - also existing. For example, an employer usually wields considerable power over his workers because he has control over wages, working conditions, hiring and firing. The workers, however, hold some reciprocal power: they may leave, work more or less diligently, group together to form a union, and so on.
Because power operates both relationally and reciprocally, sociologists speak of the balance of power between parties to a relationship: all parties to all relationships have some power: the sociological examination of power concerns itself with discovering and describing the relative strengths: equal or unequal, stable or subject to periodic change. Sociologists usually analyse relationships in which the parties have relatively equal or nearly equal power in terms of constraint rather than of power. Thus 'power' has a connotation of unilateralism. If this were not so, then all relationships could be described in terms of 'power', and its meaning would be lost.
Even in structuralist social theory, power appears as a process, an aspect to an ongoing social relationship, not as a fixed part of social structure.
One can sometimes distinguish primary power: the direct and personal use of force for coercion; and secondary power, which may involve the threat of force or social constraint, most likely involving third-party exercisers of delegated power.
Types and sources of powerEdit
Power may be held through:
- Delegated authority (for example in the democratic process)
- Social class
- Personal or group charisma
- Ascribed power (acting on perceived or assumed abilities, whether these bear testing or not)
- Expertise (Ability, Skills) (the power of medicine to bring about health; another famous example would be "in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king")
- Persuasion (direct, indirect, or subliminal)
- Knowledge (granted or withheld, shared or kept secret)
- Money (financial influence, control of labour, control through ownership, etc)
- Force (violence, military might, coercion).
- Moral suasion (possibly including religion)
- Application of non-violence
- Operation of group dynamics (such as the science of public relations)
- Social influence of tradition (compare ascribed power)
- In relationships; domination/submissiveness
JK Galbraith summarises the types of power as being "Condign" (based on force), "Compensatory" (through the use of various resources) or "Conditioned" (the result of persuasion), and their sources as "Personality" (individuals), "Property" (their material resources) and "Organizational". (Galbraith, An Anatomy of Power)
Theories of powerEdit
The thought of Friedrich Nietzsche underlies much 20th century analysis of power. Nietzsche disseminated ideas on the "will to power," which he saw as the domination of other humans as much as the exercise of control over one's environment.
Some schools of psychology, notably that associated with Alfred Adler, place power dynamics at the core of their theory (where orthodox Freudians might place sexuality).
A rational choice frameworkEdit
Game theory, with its foundations in the theory of Rational Choice, is increasingly used in various disciplines to help analyse power relationships. One rational choice definition of power is given by Keith Dowding in his book Power.
In rational choice theory, human individuals or groups can be modelled as 'actors' who choose from a 'choice set' of possible actions in order to try and achieve desired outcomes. An actor's 'incentive structure' comprises (its beliefs about) the costs associated with different actions in the choice set, and the likelihoods that different actions will lead to desired outcomes.
In this setting we can differentiate between:
outcome power - the ability of an actor to bring about or help bring about outcomes;
and social power - the ability of an actor to change the incentive structures of other actors in order to bring about outcomes.
This framework can be used to model a wide range of social interactions where actors have the ability to exert power over others. For example a 'powerful' actor can take options away from another's choice set; can change the relative costs of actions; can change the likelihood that a given action will lead to a given outcome; or might simply change the other's beliefs about its incentive structure.
As with other models of power, this framework is neutral as to the use of 'coercion'. For example: a threat of violence can change the likely costs and benefits of different actions; so can a financial penalty in a 'voluntarily agreed' contract, or indeed a friendly offer.
In the Marxist tradition, Antonio Gramsci elaborated the role of cultural hegemony in ideology as a means of bolstering the power of capitalism and of the nation-state. Gramsci saw power as something exercised in a direct, overt manner, and the power of the bourgeois as keeping the proletariat in their place.
Feminist analysis of the patriarchy often concentrates on issues of power: note the "Rape Mantra": Rape is about power, not sex.
Some feminists distinguish "power-over" (influence on other people) from "power-to" (ability to perform).
One of the broader modern views of the importance of power in human activity comes from the work of Michel Foucault, who has said, "Power is everywhere...because it comes from everywhere."
—Aldrich, Robert and Wotherspoon, Gary (Eds.), 2001
Foucault's works analyze the link between power and knowledge. He outlines a form of covert power that works through people rather than only on them. Foucault claims belief systems gain momentum (and hence power) as more people come to accept the particular views associated with that belief system as common knowledge. Such belief systems define their figures of authority, such as medical doctors or priests in a church. Within such a belief system -- or discourse -- ideas crystallize as to what is right and what is wrong, what is normal and what is deviant. Within a particular belief system certain views, thoughts or actions become unthinkable. These ideas, being considered undeniable "truths", come to define a particular way of seeing the world, and the particular way of life associated with such "truths" becomes normalized. This subtle form of power lacks rigidity, and other discourses can contest it. Indeed, power itself lacks any concrete form, occurring as a locus of struggle. Resistance, through defiance, defines power and hence becomes possible through power. Without resistance, power is absent, but it would be a mistake, some recent writers insist, to attribute to Foucault an oppositional power-resistance schema as is found in many older, foundationalist theoreticians. This view 'grants' individuality to people and other agencies, even if it is assumed a given agency is part of what power works in or upon. Still, in practice Foucault often seems to deny individuals this agency, which is contrasted with sovereignty (the old model of power as efficacious and rigid).
"One needs to be nominalistic, no doubt: power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situation in a particular society." (History of Sexuality, p.93)
"Domination" is not "that solid and global kind of domination that one person exercises over others, or one group over another, but the manifold forms of domination that can be exercised within society." (ibid, p.96)
"One should try to locate power at the extreme of its exercise, where it is always less legal in character." (ibid, p.97)
"The analysis [of power] should not attempt to consider power from its internal point of view and...should refrain from posing the labyrinthine and unanswerable question: 'Who then has power and what has he in mind? What is the aim of someone who possesses power?' Instead, it is a case of studying power at the point where its intention, if it has one, is completely invested in its real and effective practices." (ibid, p.97)
"Let us ask...how things work at the level of on-going subjugation, at the level of those continuous and uninterrupted processes which subject our bodies, govern our gestures, dictate our behaviours, etc....we should try to discover how it is that subjects are gradually, progressively, really and materially constituted through a multiplicity of organisms, forces, energies, materials, desires, thoughts, etc. We should try to grasp subjection in its material instance as a constitution of subjects." (ibid, p.97)
The seminal work of Steven Lukes 'Power: A radical view' (1974) was developed from a talk he was once invited to give in Paris. In this brief book, Lukes outlines two dimensions through which power had been theorised in the earlier part of the twentieth century (dimensions 1 & 2 below) which he critiqued as being limited to those forms of power that could be seen. To these he added a third 'critical' dimension which built upon insights from Gramsci and Althusser. In many ways this work evolved alongside of the writing of Foucault and serves as a good introduction to his thoughts on power.
- Power is decision making
- Exercised in formal institutions
- Measure it by the outcomes of decisions
In his own words, Lukes states that the "one-dimensional, view of power involves a focus on behaviour in the making of decisions on issues over which there is an observable conflict of (subjective) interests, seen as express policy preferences, revealed by political participation."
Two-dimensional: 1D plus:
- Decision making & agenda-setting
- Institutions & informal influences
- Measure extent of informal influence
- Techniques used by two-dimensional power structures:
- Influence
- Inducement
- Persuasion
- Manipulation
- Authority
- Coercion
- Direct force
Three-dimensional: Includes aspects of model 1 & 2, plus:
- Shapes preferences via values, norms, ideologies
- All social interaction involves power because ideas operate behind all language and action
- Not obviously measurable: we must infer its existence (focus on language)
- Ideas or values that ground all social and political activity
- E.g. religious ideals (Christianity, secularism)
- Self-interest for economic gain
- These become routine - we don't consciously 'think' of them
- Political ideologies inform policy making without being explicit, e.g. neoliberalism
Alvin Toffler's Powershift argues that the three main kinds of power are violence, wealth, and knowledge with other kinds of power being variations of these three (typically knowledge). Each successive kind of power represents a more flexible kind of power. Violence can only be used negatively, to punish. Wealth can be used both negatively (by withholding money) and positively (by advancing/spending money). Knowledge can be used in these ways but, additionally, can be used in a transformative way. Such examples are, sharing knowledge on agriculture to ensure that everyone is capable of supplying himself and his family of food; Allied nations with a shared identity forming with the spread of religious or political philosophies, or one can use knowledge as a tactical/strategic superiority in Intelligence (information gathering).
Toffler argues that the very nature of power is currently shifting. Throughout history, power has often shifted from one group to another; however, at this time, the dominant form of power is changing. During the Industrial Revolution, power shifted from a nobility acting primarily through violence to industrialists and financiers acting through wealth. Of course, the nobility used wealth just as the industrial elite used violence, but the dominant form of power shifted from violence to wealth. Today, a Third Wave of shifting power is taking place with wealth being overtaken by knowledge.
Unmarked categoriesEdit
The idea of unmarked categories originated in feminism. The theory analyses the culture of the powerful. The powerful comprise those people in society with easy access to resources, those who can exercise power without considering their actions. For the powerful, their culture seems obvious; for the powerless, on the other hand, it remains out of reach, élite and expensive.
The unmarked category can form the identifying mark of the powerful. The unmarked category becomes the standard against which to measure everything else. For most American readers, it is posited that if a protagonist's race is not indicated, it will be assumed by the reader that the protagonist is Caucasian; if a sexual identity is not indicated, it will be assumed by the reader that the protagonist is heterosexual; if the gender of a body is not indicated, will be assumed by the reader that it is male; if a disability is not indicated, it will be assumed by the reader that the protagonist is able bodied, just as a set of examples.
One can often overlook unmarked categories. Whiteness forms an unmarked category not commonly visible to the powerful, as they often fall within this category. The unmarked category becomes the norm, with the other categories relegated to deviant status. Social groups can apply this view of power to race, gender, and disability without modification: the able body is the neutral body; the man is the normal status.
Gilles Deleuze, the twentieth century French philosopher, compared voting for political representation with being taken hostage. A representational government assumes that people can be divided into categories with distinct shared interests. The representative is regarded as embodying the interests of the group. Many social movements have been successful in gaining access to governments: the working class, women, young people and ethnic minorities are part of the government in many nation-states. However, there is no government where the government represents the population along the characteristics of the categories.
The problem of finding suitable representatives relates to an individual's membership of different categories at the same time. The only truly representative government for a population is the population itself. These ideas have become popular in social movements for global justice. The logic of government open to all underpins the social forums (such as the World Social Forum) that have developed in contradistinction to the forums of the powerful. These alternative forms are sometimes called counter-power.
This view appears in many projects of social change, but its founder Paulo Freire is largely unknown. Freire assumes that people carry archives of knowledge within them. In particular he rejects the idea that people remain ignorant unless they have learned to communicate using the culture of the powerful. The person is seen as part of a culture circle with its own view of reality, based on the circumstances of everyday living.
Dialogue can bring about social change. Such dialogue directly opposes the monologue of the culture of the powerful. Dialogue expands the understanding of the world rather than teaching a correct understanding. The process of social change starts with action, on which the group then reflects. Commonly, more action of some kind then results...
Power by orderEdit
In ordered groups such as school classrooms and marching soldiers the power of the leader is amplified by the virtual power gained from having the group members spatially ordered. For example, if a student gets out of her seat, she can be identified easily if all the other students are sitting in their seats. Each student can thus expect to be confronted by the teacher once she or he leaves a seat. This expectation is the virtual power that the teacher obtains by having the students in their seats.
Five bases of powerEdit
The five bases of power were proposed by the social psychologists French and Raven, in a now-classic study (1959). They developed a scheme of five categories of power which reflected the different bases or resources that power holders rely upon. Two additional bases (informational and connectional) were later added.
- Legitimate Power
- Legitimate Power refers to power of bosses because of their relative positions or the formal workplace structure. Legitimate power is identical with authority, and depends upon the belief of individuals in the right of senior people to hold their positions, and their consequent willingness to accept the power holder.
- Referent Power
- Referent Power means the power or ability of bosses to influence employees' feelings about themselves or their emotions in relation to their work. It's based on the charisma of the power holder. Here the person under power desires to identify with these personal qualities, and gains satisfaction from being an accepted follower.
- Expert Power
- Expert Power is bosses' power in terms of their knowledge about work and power due to this knowledge at work. Expert power rests on the skills or expertise of the person holding power. Unlike the others, this type of power is usually highly specific and limited to the particular area in which the expert is trained and qualified.
- Reward Power
- Reward Power depends upon the ability of the power wielder to confer valued material rewards, it refers to the degree to which bosses can give employees benefits, welfare, promotions or increases in pay or responsibility.
- Coercive Power
- Coercive Power means the application of negative influences onto employees. It might refer to the ability to demote or to withhold other rewards. It's the desire for valued rewards or the fear of having them withheld that ensures the obedience of those under power.
- Aldrich, Robert and Wotherspoon, Gary (Eds.) (2001). Who's Who in Contemporary Gay & Lesbian History: From World War II to the Present Day. New York: Routledge. ISBN 041522974X.
- Clastres, Pierre, Society against the State, 1974
- Dowding, Keith (1996). Power. University of Minnesota Press.
External linksEdit
- Tarnow, Eugen (2000). A quantitative model of the amplification of power through order and the concept of group defense. http://cogprints.org/4275/
- 5 Ways to be Influential Article is on a Canadian political site.
See alsoEdit
da:Magt de:Macht et:Võim fr:Pouvoir (sociologie) he:כוח (סוציולוגיה) hu:Hatalom no:Makt nn:Maktpt:Poder ru:Социальная сила fi:Valta sv:Makt th:อำนาจ
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Kolkata, Oct 16 (IANS) With five districts inundated and over 12,000 people affected, West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee Wednesday criticised the Jharkhand government and the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) for creating "manmade flood" in her state.
"Jharkhand and DVC have released water without any information, without any consultation with us. They just release the water whenever they feel and people here suffer. It is a manmade flood. It is their negligence, it's a crime," said Banerjee after visiting the flood affected areas of West Midnapore district.
Banerjee has written to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh expressing dismay over the release of water and accused the Jharkhand government as well as the DVC of failing to monitor the water levels.
"They do it every year. We have been urging them not to do it. If there is need to release, they should do it slowly after prior consultation. But their problem is they don't monitor. It is their duty to monitor and they have failed," said Banerjee.
According to the state government, seven blocks of West Midnapore district and some portions of East Mindapore district have been submerged while Purulia, Howrah and Hooghly districts have been affected by the flood.
The areas have also received heavy rainfall in the last few days due to the effect of Cyclone Phailin.

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Thornton-Farrar AMVETS Post 729 in North Syracuse, New York, is named in part for this young hero.
From a friend,
James Thornton
02 Jun 2006
Errold Farrar was a fun and laughing son. He put my car up high by using build-ups under the front part and if he couldn't use the car he would take the riding lawn mower down to the gas station making believe it was a car to ride around.
He sold newspapers, delivered to homes early in the morning. One morning he didn't come home. We found him lying on the ground having a severe appendix attack.
He was a Boy Scout and played in the Central Square, New York, band. He blew Taps for the American Legion for funerals while in high school. After graduation he said "I would like to go in the Army". When 20 he enlisted. I remember taking him down. On the way I told him "You are my only son. I live alone with your sister. I need you." He said "Mom, I really want to go" so I didn't want to stop something he really believed in. So he became a Green Beret. His first visit home I cried when he arrived as his red hair was shaved off and it gave me a message of what was to come.
Before he left he said "Mom, do you have a cemetery lot?" My eyes filled with tears as I said don't talk about that. He told me he wanted to be in Arlington Cemetery and that is where he is buried.
I miss him as he came home at night and would call "Mom, I am home." Those days are gone, only memories. What a short life. Two months after he was in Vietnam I saw a soldier in uniform coming to the door. One of the worst things to hear - "I am sorry to inform you your son was killed in action."
That is why we have an organization called Gold Star Mothers. There are so many of us. God bless all who are gone and those remaining.
Errold's Mother,
Mary C. Burgen
400 Sandra Lane, North Syracuse, N Y 13212
Vietnam Wall Panel coords 15W 086


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My son wanted to make hotdogs on the grill and do some chili cheese dogs.
Zac threw 8 hotdogs on the gasser
Hotdogs about done, Chili is from Boy-scout chili super left-overs from freezer
Simple tail-gate dinner at home after watching the Brewers game.
Plated with Krunchers Jalapeno chips, no ketchup or mustard, but a little chipotle Tabasco sauce


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AMBULANCES in the West Midlands are getting to more than three quarters of emergency calls in less than eight minutes, new figures have shown.
A report issued by the Health and Social Care Information Centre this week showed West Midlands Ambulance Service responded to 80 per cent of 'red one' calls – the most serious or life-threatening incidents such as heart attacks or when the patient is not breathing – within the eight minute target in 2013-14.
The figures also showed the service responded to 73.6 per cent of 'red two' calls – slightly less serious but still emergency incidents such as strokes and fits – within the target.
Out of the 11 ambulance services in England, those in the East Midlands, the East of England and the South West failed to achieve the target of getting to at least three quarters of emergency calls within eight minutes.
Across the entire country the average response rate to red one calls within eight minutes was 75.6 per cent
An NHS England spokesman said: "These figures show that NHS ambulance services continued to perform well overall, but in some areas there is work to be done to make sure people get a consistent, high-quality service no matter where they live.
"It is important to stress that the majority of patients are treated quickly and effectively despite demands on ambulance services over the last year.
"But it is quite clear that ambulance trusts are under pressure and we will need to address this when allocating the extra money recently announced to help the NHS meet the high standards that patients are entitled to expect."


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Traction reps North American rights to Sundance selection Lasting
Los Angeles-based Traction Media has come on board as North American sales representative of Jacek Borcuch's Lasting.
The film has its world premiere in Sundance's World Dramatic Competition and it also screens in Rotterdam's Spectrum section.
The emotional drama is about a pair of Polish students who fall in love on their summer jobs in Spain, but find their lives later thrown into chaos.
International rights are represented by producers AP Manana.
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Traces of Heavy Metals in Toys
A major part of the toys which are available in the American and European market are "made in China". Just recently, there have been several occasions where potentially hazardous materials had been used in Chinese toys which lead to expensive product recalls. With the growing media coverage of this problem, the insecurity of the consumers grows as well. Therefore, it is in the very own interest of toy manufacturers to prove by a reliable quality control the innocuousness of their products. Since the EU directive RoHS (Restriction of hazardous substances) has come into force, there are strict limits for the amount of heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium and mercury, allowed in consumer goods.
In order to prove traces of heavy metals in toys reliably, it is absolutely necessary to carry out sample preparation with heavy-metal-free tools. In addition, the method must yield reproducible results and the time and manpower needed should be as low as possible.......


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Mohini 08-09-2015 Kalaignar TV Mohini 08.09.2015 Tamil Serial Online | Mohini 08/09/2015 Kalaignar TV Serial 08th September 2015
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Middle-earthers journey for an expected hitGarry Maddox
Published: November 29 2012 - 3:00AM
GLIDING along with the grace of her elfin character, Cate Blanchett was a popular figure on the 500 metre red carpet at the world premiere of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey. While not quite so regal, so were fellow actors Hugo Weaving, Elijah Wood, Andy Serkis and Martin Freeman.
But the real star was Peter Jackson, the knighted Kiwi filmmaker, who resumed his Middle-earth saga nine years after triumphing with The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.
The long-awaited first instalment of his Hobbit trilogy, which stars England's Freeman as Bilbo Baggins, has been the focus of a week of building excitement in Wellington, Jackon's home city. An estimated 100,000 fans gathered in what tourism authorities are calling ''the Middle of Middle-earth'' for the premiere, many sporting Gandalf hats and signs saying ,"Jackson for PM'' and ''I bags Bilbo".
Blanchett said that even though her Lord of the Rings character, Galadriel, only briefly appears in J.R.R. Tolkien's novel, she was ''absolutely thrilled'' when he called her about working on the new movie. Once the premiere was over, she planned to stalk him about working in the next two instalments.
''I'd do anything for him,'' Blanchett said. ''I think any of us would.''
An amused Barry Humphries, who plays the Goblin King, called The Hobbit ''the most advanced movie ever made'' and joked that the crowd would wonder, ''who the hell I am" as he walked the red carpet.
One of the talking points for the international media who had converged on Wellington was their inability to tell the world what they thought of the movie.
The Hollywood studio Warner Bros ruled that critics hold back reviews until after the North American premiere on Monday. That would allow it to quarantine reviews until closer to the US release on December 14. In Australia the movie opens on December 26.
The Oscar-winning filmmaker said there were times he felt The Hobbit would never be made, starting with when it was delayed by the financial troubles of the Hollywood studio MGM. Later, it looked like Freeman would be unavailable.
Jackosn described himself as ''very, very down'' when it looked like Freeman would film the second series of Sherlock rather the The Hobbit, until he struck on the idea of breaking filming so the actor could fulfil his Sherlock commitments then return to The Hobbit.
''It was a pretty radical thing to do,'' he said, adding to Freeman's performance justified the move.
This story was found at: http://www.theage.com.au/entertainment/middleearthers-journey-for-an-expected-hit-20121128-2aeei.html


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You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
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(One Hundred Pages) of One Hundred Years of Solitude
by Gabriel García Márquez
I have two major rules. They are:
1) The One-Mile Rule
2) The Hundred-Page Rule
The One-Mile Rule is my running rule. The subset rules of this major rule involve running a mile. The rule says I must run a mile. And if I feel like crap after that one mile, then I can call it quits. But no matter how crappy I feel, no matter how grumpy, or bloated, or bored, or no matter how bad the head hurts, just give it a mile. If, after that one mile is over, I still feel the yuck, I can turn around and call it a day.
I have used the One-Mile Rule many times. As of today, I've yet to call it quits after that first mile. Usually a mile is all it takes for me to realize that "Hey! This is fun. I feel okay. Let's keep going."
I also have a reading rule. It's called the Hundred-Page rule. The subset rules of this rule mandates that I must read a hundred pages. If I've finished a hundred pages, and the book is either horribly dull or too much work to enjoy, then I can toss it aside and get a new one. After all, reading is entertainment now, not work.
I read tax instructions for pay (meaning it's my job.) Nothing is more work than reading tax instructions. Therefore, if my entertainment selection is even the slightest amount of work, I say it's a no go. Being an adult is great sometimes, isn't it? Like, you totally get to choose what you want to read and when.
Incidentally, it's prolly not a good idea to tell your teenagers that one of the highlights of adulthood is choosing your own book. Might give 'em a sense of impending doom. I can hear it now. Wait... What...? Choosing your own book is one of the perks of being an adult...? What the...? That's it? Not a million dollars or a mansion? Or Disneyland every weekend?
I gave One Hundred Years of Solitude a hundred pages. Nothing happened, really. Except for the father of the clan went nuts and they tied him to a tree. That was exciting. Also, there was a sister-chick fight over marrying some piano forte dealer who came to town, and one of the sister-chicks tried to poison the other sister-chick, but then the poison ended up killing their sweet, innocent, peace-making sister-in-law.
Other than the excitement listed above... oh and one of the brothers spent the night with a gypsy. She ended up with child, then the brother bailed town, and the gypsy dumped the baby on the front porch for the family to raise. So I guess there was some excitement. But it just wasn't exciting. Nothing really happened. And when something did happen, like the traveling gypsy magician died, the author just said, "He died. And they mourned for a year." Or something like that.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is a family affair. A tale that chronicles the entire this 'n thats of three generations. All three generations, however, have the same dang name. I guess that's a thing – this naming your offspray after yourself. All three main characters had the same name and I could not keep track of who did what with whom and when.
Anyway, I gave One Hundred Years of Solitude its symbolic hundred pages, found it too much work, and took it back to the library. I've since picked up Great Expectations. I'm into that masterpiece sixteen blissful pages. This one will pass the hundred page rule.


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Ten9Eight, the movie about NFTE, is back in the headlines. TakePart.com named the movie one of the 10 Education Documentaries You Don't Want to Miss. Purchase your own copy of Ten9Eight now.
Thomas Friedman of The New York Times hailed the movie, at its debut, as "the most inspirational and heartwarming film you will ever see." This is one documentary you have to see!
Find out the other education movies that TakePart says you should discover.


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Roland Mouret Spring 2013
Roland Mouret's expertise at fitting the female form lends itself most naturally, and most often, to the postwar era. But for spring, he tapped into the 1980s fixation that's surfaced many times over the last few weeks. Prepare yourself, should you be so inclined, for sharp shoulders, tapered pants, and geometric shapes. These two ideas of femininity lie about as far apart as the Boulevard de Bercy is from the Palais de Tokyo at rush hour (which is to say interminable), and yet the Less Than Zero–era aesthetic still exists enough within Mouret's comfort zone to feel familiar to him. "I revisited my youth, my eighties," he said of his collection, "when times were challenging and uncertain."
The changing, complicated climate we're in now seems to have encouraged designers this season to offer women real, wearable options for everyday life. There's always been an ease to Mouret's colorful, flattering, body-hugging dresses: zip it up and you're done. This season, it was more about slouchy, pleated pants, cropped jackets, and boxy tops with sharp folds—the kinds of things, Mouret said, that Caroline of Monaco would throw on over a swimsuit before going out at night 30 years ago.
Mouret also touched on a few additional themes of the season, namely graphics (which are inherently eighties), using a palette of stark black and white and also playing with leather. But rather than work the skin until it's practically (if artfully) falling apart, Mouret simply went for the effect by caking silk in mud then cooking it "by moonlight. It's a little pretentious," he said with a laugh. Whatever it was, it was innovative and made for a cool (in both senses of the word) motorcycle jacket and slit skirt.


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- Use your ALL Card as a Campus I.D. - When you receive your ALL Card from Xavier's ALL Card Center, it will include your campus I.D. number, financial account number and other important identifying information. On-campus, this information will assist our Safety and Security office and offer you easy access to university facilities, events and services including campus dining services, library, sports center, bookstore, athletic and student activity events, et. al.
- To access your Meal Plan - Your ALL Card is your ticket to access your On-Campus Meal Plan. Swipe your card at any on campus food service facility for quick and secure access to your pre-paid meal plan accepted at the Hoff Dining Commons, Blue Gibbon, Coffee Emporium, Currito, Ryan's Pub, The X Spot, and Subway.
To access your X Cash flex spending account - Your ALL Card also eliminates the need to carry cash on campus. By applying X Cash funds to your ALL Card through one of the X Cash kiosks or by depositing online, you can use the card like cash at the campus post office, bookstore, photocopiers, McDonald Library, vending machines, laundry services, food services and more.
The ALL Card saves you the hassle of searching for correct change and provides the security of "cashless" transactions.
- For Residence Hall Access - Your ALL Card is your key to access the exterior doors of our Residence Halls. Swipe your card through the card readers at the entrance to each residence hall to gain access to the building. Lost/Stolen cards should be reported online. Login here to deactivate.
- As Your U.S. Bank ATM Card - You have enough to worry about in college without having to stress out about your finances. U.S. Bank makes it simple. Open a U.S. Bank checking account with great student benefits and turn your All Card into your Campus ID and ATM/Debit Card -- all in one. We've made it easy for you to manage your money with the best checking account for students in the country. Learn more about U.S. Bank!


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Despite the fact that deworming is such an economically sound practice, nearly 40 percent of cow-calf operations only treat their cows once a year. While the belief may be that this saves on treatment input costs, choosing not to deworm could, in fact, potentially cost producers as much as $200 per head per grazing season.
To achieve an optimal return on investment, producers need to take several factors into consideration, including how long a product works and which parasites it treats, timing and pasture management to avoid recontamination of the grazing land.
Joe Dedrickson, DVM, Merial Veterinary Professional Services, says that it is a common misperception that parasite control products protect cattle against parasites for the entire season. "Most products work, on average, 14 to 28 days, depending on the product and the parasite. White drenches and pastes kill only what is present in the animal at treatment with zero persistency," Dr. Dedrickson says.Studies show that there needs to be persistent parasite control for at least 100 days to break the parasite life cycle. Thus, one fall or spring deworming will simply not provide seasonal protection in your herd or on your pasture and opens up your operation to continual parasite reinfection.
According to a strategic deworming study, timing is also critical to the success of any deworming program. 8 It states that, "It is important not only to treat when cattle are worked, but to time treatments to kill these parasites before they have time to develop into an adult parasite, producing eggs within the animal, which could lead to reinfection."
Because every producer's situation is unique, Dedrickson recommends consulting with your veterinarian when developing a deworming strategy, and suggests keeping the following in mind: "The time of year when grazing season begins, age and category of the animals, type of operation and grazing history of the pasture are all considerations to discuss."


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Quote:My question is this: what is the difference between 'ethics', 'morals', 'values' and 'character building'?
Quote:Its just marketing B.S. some school owners put on their brochure. Martial arts teaches how to fight.
Quote:the idea that you WILL become such a "better person" simply through physical martial arts practise is so obviously without foundation that it scarcely warrants attention at all. In almost 3 decades of involvement in the traditional martial arts I have never met anyone who has advocated such a position. Usually their own organisations are so riddled with internal political strife that ongoing human frailty is obvious for all to see.
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text:
Crosley Corsair Shelf System CD Player Clock Radio
Remember when your best girl scooted over the bench seat in your dad's 1950 Caddy, and warmed up to you on a Saturday night. And you cranked up the radio as you yawned and slid your arm around her at the drive-in? BEEEEPPPPPPPPPP!! Wake up! It's morning and now you can get ready for work while you play some Elvis on your Corsair System... Just save those blue suede shoes for the weekend, eh?


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WINTER PARK, Fla. – Collecting 81 points, the Saint Leo men's soccer team was selected to finish seventh according to the Sunshine State Conference Preseason Poll; it was announced Thursday by SSC Commissioner Jay Jones.
Barry has been projected as the preseason favorite to capture the 2011 Sunshine State Conference Men's Soccer Championship, tallying 184 points and 11 first place votes.
With Head Coach Keith Fulk now in charge, the Lions see 14 returners from the 2010 squad while introducing 12 newcomers to the team.
The Green & Gold finished-off the 2010 campaign with a 9-6 record, including a sixth-place finish in the SSC with a record of 3-5.
Tampa snagged the second spot, while the 2010 National Runner-Up, Rollins, rounds-out the top-three.
Florida Tech came in fourth in the poll with 110 points. Nipping at the Panthers' heels was Lynn, which collected 105 points to place fifth. Nova Southeastern settled into the No. 6 slot with 95 points.
Florida Southern and Eckerd rounded out the preseason poll.
The preseason poll is conducted among the league's men's soccer coaches and sports information directors.
The Lions will begin Sunshine State Conference action on Friday, September 16 against Rollins College. Kickoff is set for 7:00 p.m.
Rank - Team, Points (1st Place Votes)
1 - Barry, 184 (11)
2 - Tampa, 162 (4)
3 - Rollins, 161 (3)
4 - Florida Tech, 110
5 - Lynn, 105
6 - Nova Southeastern, 95
7 - Saint Leo, 81
8 - Florida Southern, 44
9 - Eckerd, 30


text:
Council tax in Wiltshire is set to remain the same for the next financial year after Wiltshire Council's Cabinet members voted in favour of freezing its part of the tax.
If approved by full council on February 26, it will be the fourth year running that there has been no increase.It means that Wiltshire Council's element of the average Band D council tax for 2013/14 would remain at £1,222.43.
At a Cabinet meeting at the Guildhall in Salisbury on Tuesday, council leader Jane Scott said: "We will be investing in a number of areas and making savings in order to make this possible."
The proposed new budget for the year is £340 million, £10 million less than the past year. It involves a capital programme of £143 million to be spent on new and existing projects in the county such as affordable housing, education and the community campuses.
More than £17 million is earmarked for supporting key frontline services, including an additional £2.9 million investment in services for vulnerable children and families, and a further £5.7 million investment in services for the elderly.
There is set to be a £2.6 million increase in funding for the maintenance of roads, and £580,000 is to go into car parks and lowering the cost of season tickets while there is set to be a number of free car parking days over the year during certain special events. Local government officers are also set to get a pay increase of one per cent.
Savings of £27 million have come from areas such as procurement, service efficiencies, systems thinking and better management of assets.
Coun Scott said: "We have changed how we purchase goods and contract services to deliver improvements that save money." A further £85 million will be saved over a 25-year period from reducing our council offices from 95 to three main hubs in Chippenham, Salisbury and Trowbridge.
"We will save an additional £5 million each year in running and maintenance costs on council buildings."
A £362,000 government sparsity grant is to be divided between area boards (to receive £162,000) and schools.


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Heat oil in a medium saucepan and sauté onion for 2 to 3 minutes. Add all remaining ingredients except for the parsley. Cover, bring to a boil, reduce flame to medium-low and simmer 20 minutes. Place in a serving dish and garnish with parsley.
Per serving - 157 calories, 3 gram fat (15% calories from fat), 5 gram protein, 28 gram carbohydrate, 6 gram fiber, 0 milligram cholesterol, 209 milligram sodium


text:
Notice of Closure
Dear Customers,
YesWalker.com has been closed. We are proud to have served our customers for over a year and greatly appreciate all the positive feedback we received. Thank you very much for your support of YesWalker.com.
Our other websites are still operating and can be visited by clicking the links below:
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If there are any questions about our closing please contact us by email at
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text:
A method of withstanding the desert environment is remaining dormant. Species that implement this method are known as ephemeral plants. They generally live as adults for less than a year, surviving the lack of water by remaining dormant in seed form and then sprouting very quickly in the wake of a rain. Their sprouts grow very rapidly. Flowering takes place in a very brief time thereafter, and thus the plant's entire life cycle can progress from the seed to the seed-production stage in a matter of just a few weeks.
Rainfall in the desert is irregular, and undependable. If the seeds of ephemeral plants were all to sprout after a single rainfall and then wither during the subsequent drought, their species would become extinct. Yet most of these plants possess mechanisms that ensure that the seeds sprout only after receiving a large, soaking quantity of rain. These plants possess a property known as seed polymorphism, which is the ability to vary the time of their seeds' sprouting. In addition, a natural chemical in the seeds retards their germinating. When water first reaches the seed, its rising to the surface stage is completed. However, this protective substance must be thoroughly neutralized if the seed is to sprout—which takes place with the seed's second contact with water. But if this second encounter does not take place—in other words, if it does not soon rain again—then the seed will not sprout. Therefore, seeds require two separate stages; the first causes the seeds to float to the surface, and the second rinses away the substance that prevents germination. Sprouting occurs only after this has taken place.
The seeds of other ephemerals—for instance, those of the bitter melon—sprout only in the dark. The external coating of the seeds changes after a series of wetting and drying out and permits oxygen to freely enter the seed embryo. The combination of these essential factors causes the seed to sprout, but only after being buried and receiving moisture a number of times.
In the germination of these plants, there is a flawless order, plan and calculation. Everything, with every stage, is determined in advance. All precautionary measures are taken against possible adverse conditions in order that the seeds should not sprout needlessly.
So to Whom belongs the intelligence and knowledge that determine this system for the formation of ephemeral plants, and creates for them in the most ideal form for the conditions they live in? The plant's cells? The seed itself? Or did this immaculate and complete system come into being by chance? The illogical nature of these questions is obvious. These plants, with the ideal characteristics for their habitats, are the sublime creation of Allah, Lord of the Worlds.
Another group of desert plants shed their leaves during times of drought. As their source of water declines, these plants immediately shed their small leaves. One example of this is the plant Ocotillo. This plant goes dormant during drought conditions and remains in that state until it rains. But when rain falls, it immediately begins to sprout a new set of leaves. Some bushes possess this feature also; but they do not become dormant, because they are sufficiently resistant to live on the water and nutrients stored in their special underground rhizomes, until water in the environment increases again. These rhizomes develop horizontally under the ground and live for a long time.
The desert plants present a most impressive picture. Some are equipped with special systems and structures in order to survive in the desert, by storing water, camouflaging themselves or becoming dormant. Some use various chemical means to stop their seeds sprouting and as we have seen, employ a great variety of methods of protection against a habitat where the greatest obstacles and difficulties prevail. The sublime creation of these plants, thriving in an environment that humans would imagine to be completely inhospitable, once again reveal the infinite knowledge and artistry of Allah.


text:
Talk:The World Cup
From Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
edit The Italian Football Referee: Requirements for officiating at the 2010 World Cup
1/ Hate Australian footballers so badly that the Australian Jersey is indistinguishable from the fur of a wild animal.
2/ Be able to read deliberate intent into the most inane and nondescript circumstances such as to be able to red card Australian strikers for standing still and breathing.
3/ Be unable to give the team playing Australia any booking worse than a yellow card and a stern talking to.
4/ Be able to rationalise in one's own mind that just because federation and club officials at Napoli, Fiorentina, Milan and Juventus are corrupt, doesnt mean Italian football officialdom is.
5/ Have no idea who Massimo De Santis is.
6/ Be in total and complete denial that Italian football referees and officials who assign referees to matches are currently under investigation for match fixing.
7/ Be of the opinion that "criminal association" and "sporting fraud" is only a yellow card offense.
8/ Be of the opinion that red carding Australian strikers is good for the game and might serve as a distraction long enough for Luciano Moggi to get out of Italy.


text:
Note: This item is more than eight years old. Please take the publication date into consideration for any date references.
Print – Plain Text – Permalink
News Release
Media Contact: TPWD News, firstname.lastname@example.com, 512-389-8030
Sept. 17, 2008
Sep. 17 Ike News Update from Texas Parks & Wildlife
10 a.m. CDT — Update 9
Below is information sent by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department to the Governor's Press Office today. The governor's office is coordinating official communication about Ike for the State of Texas, including TPWD activities. The following information is provided as a service and convenience for TPWD's audience. For complete information, see the Texas governor's web site at http://governor.state.tx.us/, or news media may phone the press office at (512) 463-1826.
Texas Game Wardens/TPWD Law Enforcement Division
- TPWD has had approximately 200 game wardens and associated boats and equipment deployed for Hurricane Ike.
- A team of about 30 Texas game wardens today is continuing search and rescue work in hard-hit communities on the Bolivar Peninsula.
- Most other game warden strike teams have shifted from search and rescue to focus on law enforcement patrols, looting prevention and related assistance at the request of affected cities and counties. This includes teams in Orange County, plus patrols in nearby areas along the Neches River, Sabine River, Cow Bayou, and Adams Bayou. Other teams are in Tyler County, Polk County, Galveston County and Brazoria County, among other affected areas.
Texas State Parks
- This morning, a total of 18 Texas State Parks remain closed due to Ike, down from 37 closures at the event's height. Since the storm event began, 5,828 evacuees have been given shelter at63 state parks outside Ike's path.
- Two coastal parks, Galveston and Sea Rim, suffered catastrophic damage.Facilities at Sea Rim near Port Arthur appear to be a total loss. At Galveston Island, Ike caused heavy beach erosion and swept awaystateparkfacilities. The San Jacinto Battleground and six other state parks in Southeast and Northeast Texas suffered significant damage ranging from downed trees and power lines to storm surge flooding and wind damage to buildings and facilities.
- Park field response teams are securing sites, checking on staff and beginning cleanup and emergency repairs. Teams have completed recovery assignments at Martin Creek Lake, Caddo Lake, and Atlanta. Crews continue to work at Dangerfield, Mission Tejas, Huntsville, Lake Livingston, Brazos Bend, Martin Dies, Jr. and other sites.
Ecological Impacts/Fish and Wildlife Kills
- TPWD is tracking more than 26 spills in affected coastal areas that range from no reported volume to several thousand barrels of contaminants.The department is also is participating in a multi-agency, state/federal Natural Resource Damage Assessment effort planning to set up incident command in Clear Lake.Survey teams from NOAA and US Coast Guard Tuesday moved fromsearch and rescue operations to spill response, and TPWD is also preparing to field ecological assessment and response teams.
- The department is asking people in affected coastal areas who encounter dead or dying fish and wildlife or pollution that is threatening fish and wildlife or human health to please contact TPWD's 24-Hour Law Enforcement Communication Center in Houston at (281) 842-8100.
TPWD Employee Relief
- The Human Resources Division is coordinating agency-wide employee disaster relief efforts aimed at supporting affected employees who lost homes or were otherwise affected by Ike. Initial plans call for amulti-part approach combining agency resources, plus donations from employees, various friends groups and the public.
- The Texas Parks and Wildlife Foundation has set up a special"TPWD Employee Hurricane Relief Fund." Donation checks can be mailed to: Texas Parks and Wildlife Foundation, Re: TPWD Employee Hurricane Relief Fund, 1901 North Akard, Dallas, TX 75201.
On the Net:
- TPWD Emergency Information: http://tpwd.texas.gov/site/emergency/
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(5.4.16 i)


text:
Help me create Dropdow list 3 level
I can create dropdow list 3 level by Ajax like this link : http://muangay123.com/thuc_hanh/th_them_sp/danh_muc.php
Now, I want to create it by Jquery!Help me, Thanks everyone !!!
What, you mean like this [chained select one? ([url="http://www.codeassembly.com/examples/jquerycombo/test.html"]demo](http://www.codeassembly.com/Simple-chained-combobox-plugin-for-jQuery/))
Thanks you very much!
This code run best when I upload to host. But It don't run on localhost ( I use wamp sever). Help me
It seems to work fine on my own local host from the zip file that they provide, when the zip file is extracted to www\examples\jquerycombo\ which is where the test.html file shows the ajax request is targeted at:
I edited this define, and it run best on my host (result: http://muangay123.com/dropdowlist/test.html.
But It don't run on localhost
Thanks you, I use new version wampsever and this code run very best


text:
What is JotForm?
JotForm is a free online form builder which helps you create online forms without writing a single line of code. No sign-up required.
At JotForm, we want to make sure that you're getting the online form builder help that you need. Our friendly customer support team is available 24/7.
We believe that if one user has a question, there could be more users who may have the same question. This is why many of our support forum threads are public and available to be searched and viewed. If you'd like help immediately, feel free to search for a similar question, or submit your question or concern.
JotForm Founder
Fixed now.
There was a problem with our form caches database. The server is failing. We have ordered a new one and until the new one is ready we have to manually fix it when it fails. Your form should now be working properly. If it does not please let us know the exact URL for the particular form.
Thank you it's working now


text:
Theres no way samsung is getting out of this one.
Another fail by Samsuck.
Let's all sign up for her class at USC!!! I hope it's an early morning class, I wouldn't need coffee to wake up when facing that.
Regardless of her politics, her legal awareness seems to be somewhat of a question. I'm licensed to teach, and I know where and what (and my pay is a LOT less than is hers). To "assume" you are licensed is to, well, make an aXX of you and me.
As for Samsung, it shows them to be less than on top of things to hire a lawyer who is not licensed to practice in the area of the trial. Usually, due diligence is a mainstay for any corporation. Big oops on their part.
You guys had to pick the mugshotiest picture you could find, huh?


text:
FRIENDSWOOD, Texas - Friendswood police said they're looking for two gunmen who robbed an employee at a Papa John's restaurant.
Police said it happened at the Papa John's at 210 E. Parkwood Ave. in Friendswood Sunday morning.
A store employee, who asked that Local 2 not reveal his identity, said he and another employee had just closed the store for the night and were leaving with the money early when the masked robbers approached him.
"I was walking out of the store and there was two guys hiding behind these pillars at Walgreens right here. I had seen them peek around the pillars. And I was going to get into the car with my friend. There wasn't a door handle on the passenger's door. She was in her car trying to let me in. They ran up on me. One of the guys had a pistol. They had me blocked in behind the cars," he said.
The employee and his friend tried to get away.
"One of them had a pistol and pointed it at my face. And he ran up on me and pistol whipped me and I took my backpack off and threw the money at him and they took off," the employee said.
Police said the robbers were only described as white males who wore black T-shirts and ski masks, and possibly took off in a white four-door Toyota Camry parked behind the business. One of the ski masks was black and white with a jagged pattern. Both were about 5 feet 9 inches tall and skinny.
Friendswood police said there was an incident at the store the night before.
Police said a male subject wearing a Friday the 13th type mask ran up to the Papa John's store at closing time. That time, employees were able to lock the front door and call police. The suspect disappeared before police arrived and the employees were provided an escort for their safety, police said.
Copyright 2012 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text: Alan Keener's work day begins at midnight with frothy orange juice and 2 percent milk.Over the course of his eight-hour shift, Keener will go through more than 90,000 gallons, heating and then quickly cooling the liquids in preparation for later shifts at Smith Dairy Products Co.Keener oversees nighttime pasteurization activities at the longtime Orrville company. It's his job to make sure enough orange juice concentrate and milk are processed for bottling or making into sour cream, cottage cheese and other dairy products."We have to make enough but not too much," he said as he watched a computer panel on the side of one machine.Wayne County produces more milk than any other area in Ohio. Dairies like Smith's play an important role in the agricultural economy, preparing the end products consumers purchase at grocery stores or eat and drink in restaurants.Farmers milk cows two or three times a day, 365 days a year. To keep up with that flow, Smith Dairy seldom sleeps.Mondays through Saturdays throughout the year, employees work around the clock."There's a lot going on at Smith Dairy at 3:30 in the morning," production manager Karl Kelbly said early one recent morning after checking night-shift activities.The longer summer days also give area farmers extended opportunities to complete field work and livestock chores. About the time Keener's shift was ending, Marcus Ladrach was out in his family's vegetable field, picking spinach, broccoli and other fresh produce for restaurants in Wooster and Cleveland.By lunchtime, Ohio State University scientist Srinand Sreevatsan was overseeing graduate students in a laboratory at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, completing complex research that has practical implications and applications for area farmers.Late in the afternoon, Jim Anderson's grandkids were running small herds of sheep from pasture to barn and back at his Franklin Township farm near the county line.And just before dark, Josh Moorefield was busy greasing implements for the next day's baling and preparing for a late night of hay cutting at a Blachleyville field."As much as we can stay awake, we work," Moorefield said.Curds and wheyFour silos stand tall at Smith Dairy's facilities in downtown Orrville.Each holds about 50,000 gallons, and trucks unload raw milk produced on area farms throughout the day. About 90 percent comes from within 30 minutes of Smith's, Kelbly said.A complex tangle of pipes and tubes transports the raw milk the dairy uses 100,000-120,000 gallons per day, Kelbly said from the silos into the pasteurization area at the plant.There, just after 3:30 a.m., Keener watched gauges to make sure orange juice and milk were processed properly.The late shift actually starts about midnight with a massive cleaning of the dairy. Employees, like Chris McConnell, use hoses spraying 160-degree water to wash pipes, tanks, strainers and other equipment and parts.After cleanup comes pasteurization. Milk is heated to about 165 degrees for 17 seconds, then cooled quickly. About 100 gallons can be run through the system every minute; the process kills bacteria that can make people sick or cause products to spoil prematurely.Once pasteurized, milk is sealed in storage tanks to be bottled for drinking (using plastic gallon jugs Smith's makes on site) or made into ice cream, sour cream and other dairy products.In an adjacent room, Rick Byer drained excess liquid from a soon-to-be-completed batch of cottage cheese and filled an adjacent vat with fresh milk to start another.Making cottage cheese takes about 12 hours, including time for cleaning and filling vats, allowing milk mixed with cultures to grow and draining and cleaning the finished product.During his shift, Byer kept a close watch on two 4,000-gallon vats. Eventually, he drained the whey and washed the curds before pumping the contents into a nearby tank.Later, a creamy dressing would be added, and the finished product pumped into containers. Each vat makes about 9,000 pounds, and the dairy makes three or four batches each day.Elsewhere in the plant, workers filled containers with ice cream (about 2,400 half-gallon boxes are finished each hour) and pumped orange juice into bottles."Keep it cold, keep it clean and keep it moving," Kelbly said.Spinach and broccoliLadrach carried a basket with 10 dozen eggs from the henhouse to a nearby utility vehicle.The gathering was the first of many chores the Chester Township farmer had on his morning "To Do" list. Also on the agenda were feeding sheep, cows, chickens and cats, watering greenhouse plants and picking vegetables."We've got a little bit of everything," he said.Marcus and Beth Ladrach pick vegetables twice a week. On Fridays, they gather produce for their booth at the downtown Wooster farmers market. On Wednesdays, they fill orders for restaurants in Wooster and the Cleveland area.The family farm has about 160 acres, including spelt, soybeans, corn, hay, oats and pasture. All of the space is certified organic; the Ladrachs use no chemicals in production.They're among the nearly 240 farms on 24,652 acres in Ohio and 7,254 farms on 562,486 acres nationwide that have been certified organic, according to the statistics compiled as part of the recently released 2002 Census of Agriculture. The count marked the first time the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service included organic acres in the once-every-five-years census.Organic farming can be labor intensive. Ladrach said crops are planted a little bit later, and the ground between rows has to be cultivated during the season to prevent weeds.But the extra work is worth it."You get a little more for your crop," Ladrach said. "(And) I liked the idea of not using any chemicals."About 5 acres of the Ladrachs' farm is devoted to vegetables, including rows of lettuce, tomatoes, sweet corn, potatoes, beets, cabbage, kale and peppers. Restaurants, including the South Market Bistro in downtown Wooster, submit orders to the couple each week."They take what's in season," Beth Ladrach said.On this day, Ladrach carried empty tubs to the field to fill with spinach, broccoli, chard and lettuce. He started with spinach, a perpetual crop that grows throughout the season. Ladrach carefully cut stems, leaving the center of the leafy plant, and banded green bunches together for transport.Next, he walked along a row of broccoli, searching for the biggest heads, cutting the center portions and filling another tub. Each plant will grow one large head and several smaller ones during the season.Once the tubs were full, Ladrach planned to take the freshly picked produce and eggs to Tom and Wendy Wiandt, a young farm couple who grow mushrooms, to take to the Cleveland area customers.Later in the day, Ladrach hoped to start baling close to 30 acres of hay he had cut earlier.Microbial forensicsHarish Janagama jiggled a flask and looked carefully at its liquid contents.The graduate student at OARDC was preparing large white blood cells to see how they reacted to different pathogens.In another lab, technician Megan Strother separated test tube samples as part of a study related to Johne's disease, a bacterial illness that affects dairy cows, beef cattle, sheep, goats and some wild animals.During any given day, Janagama and Strother and other graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and technicians are hard at work in Sreevatsan's labs as part of the Food Animal Health Research Program at OARDC in Wooster.They are the scientist's hands "Without them, I couldn't survive," he said.Sreevatsan is trained as a veterinarian and worked in private industry before coming to OARDC, where, his "academic whirlpool" of interests includes Johne's disease and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.Earlier in the week, Sreevatsan was on a local dairy farm, taking blood, milk and fecal samples to compare and collate. Researchers in his labs will use the samples and others to complete complex analyses with hopes, ultimately, of addressing some fairly basic concerns among agriculturists.According to information compiled by OARDC, close to half of all U.S. dairy herds have animals infected with Johne's, also called paratuberculosis. It "can affect a large proportion of the herd and cause production losses, premature culling (early sale of a heifer) and loss of marketability of breeding stock," according to OSU.The disease costs farmers about $245 per infected cow that translates to total industrywide losses of $200 million to $250 million annually, according to OARDC.Sreevatsan has been studying the disease at the molecular level, outlining minute genetic characteristics and searching for correlation between bacteria that affect humans, dairy cows and other animals.Which is what Strother was doing in one lab, carefully reviewing test tubes filled with samples."It's true microbial forensics," Sreevatsan said.Another project focuses on early detection methods for bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or mad cow disease. Sreevatsan has been working on methods to detect prions the agents responsible for the disease in living animals. Current tests provide definite diagnoses after death, according to OARDC.'There they go'Sam Anderson casually walked into one of the pastures at his grandpa's farm in southern Wayne County.The first herd of sheep he and his sisters, Marybeth and Claire, had to drive to a nearby barn were older and fatter than the nimble lambs they had to chase later, and the college junior wasn't too concerned about them getting away.A few steps later, the 25 or so woolly animals started running in the opposite direction."There they go," Sam Anderson said, breaking into a sprint along one side.Quickly, the three Anderson grandchildren moved in different directions, headed off the animals and drove them toward the gate.All three are runners, said Jim Anderson, who "retired" to the farm after teaching university classes in Michigan. Sam, Marybeth and Claire also have been running sheep herds since they were youngsters."They have been working with sheep since they could walk practically," Jim Anderson said.The Andersons have about 300 Polypays, a breed is known for its prolificacy they lamb about five times every three years.The local sheep industry has been growing, and the Andersons' operation is among the larger farms in the county. According to the latest census findings, the number of Wayne County farms with sheep grew from 1997 to 2002 from 130 farms with about 4,600 head to 188 farms with a total of 6,381 head. Of the 2002 total, 170 had fewer than 100 animals.Jim Anderson's son, John, manages the sheep operation. Daily chores include checking and feeding the herds and five large Great Pyrenees dogs that keep the sheep safe from predators.Sam, Marybeth and Claire Anderson grew up working on the farm, often completing evening chores after school or summer jobs. On this evening, their tasks included driving herds into a barn for oral doses of de-wormer and separating rams used in breeding. Moving the groups from field to barn and back again took some strategy. Sam, Marybeth and Claire used a tactical approach, spreading out and then closing in to keep the moving animals confined. "They know pretty well what the sheep is thinking," Jim Anderson said.Cut, rake, bale, repeatMoorefield works day and night, repeating the basic steps required to move grasses from fields into horse stalls in Cleveland and Florida.Moorefield cuts hay late a night, often working until well after midnight. About 7 a.m. the next morning, he's out "tedding," fluffing and spreading out the recently cut grasses to dry in the sun.Before lunch, he rakes the hay back into rows. And throughout the afternoon, he bundles the hay into small rectangular bales.When the dew sets in around 7 or 8 p.m., Moorefield's hired hands begin unloading the day's production into barns."The hay gets tough (to bale when it's wet)," he said.As the sun sets, Moorefield greases and completes routine maintenance on his implements. After dark, he's back out in the field cutting hay for the next day.The same process is under way in fields across Wayne County, which leads the state in hay production. Local farmers bale nearly 152,000 tons on 49,700 acres annually, according to the latest count by the Ohio Agricultural Statistics Service."It's a real labor intensive market," Moorefield said.Some farmers opt for large round or rectangle bales, which better suit their storage space and needs. But Moorefield makes the smaller bales, a preferred option for horse owners.There are more than a dozen different types of hay, with customers asking for different mixes of alfalfa, orchard grass, clover and other varieties."There's a crop for every customer," Moorefield said. "And every horse owner has a preference. ... It requires a lot of management."Moorefield understands the economics of his work down to the last second. He can make about 100 bales per acre, or 2,000-3,000 over the course of a day. Each sells for about $4.50. Every minute he works adds to his daily bale count, and, potentially, his bottom line.But getting out in the fields has been difficult this year. The season generally runs from mid-May to mid-November, with Moorefield Farms taking four cuts off about 500 acres. But excessive rain pushed back baling activities. Moorefield said it was mid-June before he was out in earnest. "It's been a wet year, a tough year," he said.Moorefield finished adding grease to some implements, then prepared for the 45-minute drive to a field in the Blachleyville area. A short drive in a car is a long trek for a haybine, and many drivers aren't as understanding of agricultural traffic, Moorefield said. In years past, cars would slow down and give a friendly wave.Now, cars don't slow down, and drivers often wave with only one finger.Still, Moorefield expected to work until midnight or 1 a.m., then make the slow drive back to the Shreve area for a few hours of sleep before staring the process again the next day.Weather permitting.County reporter/Farm editor Marc Kovac can be reached at (330) 287-1645 or e-mail at email@example.com.


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A region of farms, fields, pretty woodland, rugged cliffs and breathtaking natural attractions, Somerset offers wonderful scenery and a slow pace. It also features historic buildings, traditional Victorian villages and seaside resorts and is home to the modern city of Bristol. It's a place of culture and music, and a place where walkers and cyclists can enjoy some of the country's most interesting views.
With top attractions including the Wookey Hole show caves and the Noah's Ark Zoo Farm, and with fantastic shopping centres and a wide range of bars and restaurants in almost every town or city, Somerset guarantees great experiences for all ages.
The pebble beaches of Portishead and Clevedon feature quiet caves and cliff-top trails, and eventually sweep down to the traditional tourist resort of Weston-super-Mare with its long stretches of sand. Head further along the coast and you reach the Exmoor National Park, whilst the slopes and fields can be best appreciated in the Blackdown Hills, Quantocks and Mendips.
Somerset festivals range from Glastonbury to the famous Bristol Balloon Fiesta at Ashton Court, complete with its unforgettable night-glow. The region boasts exceptional eateries, a huge range of shops and shopping centres, and historic attractions that are sure to inspire.
Hotels in Bath include the traditional Victorian sea front Grand Atlantic Hotel on Weston-super-Mare's promenade, and the Grade II listed Lansdown Grove Hotel in the historic city of Bath. In terms of style the hotels couldn't be much more different, though they both offer exceptional facilities and beautifully spacious bedrooms for a restful sleep in one of England's most diverse counties.
Somerset is known for its food and drink, from pies to ciders and from Cheddar Cheese to Exmoor lamb. Whether you're planning a lengthy holiday or a weekend away, you can be assured of high quality dinners and plenty to keep you occupied.


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Roxxxy Andrews
Saturday, July 6, 2013 at 9:00 PM - Sunday, July 7, 2013 at 3:00 AM (CDT)
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Event Details
Doors will open at 9pm and the show will begin at 10pm following the show will be a special meet and greet for VIP ticket holders.
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Anything Geauxs
1540 Lindberg Drive
Saturday, July 6, 2013 at 9:00 PM - Sunday, July 7, 2013 at 3:00 AM (CDT)
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Andrew McCain Archives
Arizona Super Bowl Host Committee Announces Board
June 25, 2014 by in AZ Business Magazine | Featured | Sports | Tourism | Travel
The Arizona Super Bowl Host Committee announces its Board of Directors for Super Bowl XLIX. The board of directors is comprised of business leaders that volunteer their time to drive the state's efforts for Super Bowl XLIX. The Host Committee is a private, non-profit Arizona corporation. The mandate of the Host Committee is to galvanize… Read More →


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Deadline roundup: Red Sox players in demand
The July 31 non-waiver Trade Deadline is coming up quickly, as contenders look to bolster their squads for a potential run at October.
From now until the Deadline, we'll be checking in on the trade news around baseball, with help from MLB.com's reporters. The countdown is underway.
Peavy headed West: Jake Peavy's name has dominated trade talk the past few weeks, and on Saturday, things finally came to a head. The Red Sox sent Peavy to the Giants in exchange for pitching prospects Edwin Escobar and Heath Hembree. The Giants also received cash considerations as part of the deal.
The move will bolster a Giants starting rotation that is currently without the services of Matt Cain. The right-hander is sidelined indefinitely with inflammation in his right elbow. It will also help San Francisco in its fight against the Dodgers for the top spot in the National League West.
Peavy is no stranger to the division. Finding more success in the NL during his career, Peavy went 92-68 with a 3.29 ERA in eight seasons with the Padres. While the right-hander went 1-9 with a 4.72 ERA with Boston, allowing an American League-high 20 home runs, he had the lowest amount of run support on the team.
Kemp unlikely to be moved: While plenty of teams have shown interest in Dodgers outfielder Matt Kemp, including the Red Sox and Mariners, Fox Sports' Ken Rosenthal reports the Dodgers aren't anywhere close to a deal and are unlikely to trade him.
The relationship between the team and Kemp remains strained even as Kemp's playing time and numbers improve. One of the biggest issues with Kemp, according to Jon Heyman of CBS Sports, is his less than "smooth" relationship with field staff.
More moves for Boston? As the Red Sox slide continues, it looks like more than just Peavy could be on the move. ESPN Boston's Gordon Edes reports that the team is considering other trades.
The Dodgers have touched base with the Red Sox regarding Jon Lester, Edes writes, although the talks haven't gone above ground level. Lester talked about the potential of being traded after Boston's 6-4 loss to the Rays on Friday, saying he'd have "no hard feelings".
Left-handed fireballer Andrew Miller has also garnered interest from teams, while the Royals have turned their attention to left fielder Jonny Gomes.
Meanwhile, Pete Abraham of the Boston Globe reports that Mike Carp has requested a trade. Unhappy with his lack of playing time, Carp spoke with team officials soon after the All-Star break.
Stanton staying in South Beach: It's less than a week from the Trade Deadline, and Giancarlo Stanton still remains unavailable. MLB.com's Joe Frisaro writes that clubs continue to contact Miami, but are all hearing the same thing.
In the middle of a successful road trip, the Marlins have turned into a potential buyer at the Deadline. Miami entered play Saturday 7 1/2 games behind the Nationals for the top spot in the NL East.
A starting pitcher is on the team's wish list, but that could change if Brad Hand and Jacob Turner continue to progress. Hand threw 7 1/3 scoreless innings in a 2-0 win over the Astros on Friday. Turner starts on Sunday in Houston.
Quinn Roberts is a reporter for MLB.com This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Drip. Drip. Drip.
It is raining, and students at Fair Street IB World School know the drill.
Sunday is a relaxing day for most, but for Father Fabio Sotelo, it is the busiest day of the week.
A "hazardous material" label may seem like some elusive category of products, but they are more common than you would think.
Through the eyes of a 4-year-old pre-kindergarten student, the straight lines and loops of American letters start to mean something. Now local educators are seizing this narrow window of language development to immerse kids in Spanish and introduce them to Mandarin Chinese.
Twenty pre-K students at Hall County's World Language Academy are among only a handful of 4-year-olds in the Western Hemisphere who spend 80 percent of their school day communicating with teachers in Spanish, 10 percent of the day communicating in English and 10 percent of their day learning Mandarin Chinese.
Kids aren't the only ones learning languages in local schools.
Parents also are enrolling in English or Spanish classes at the World Language Academy.
BUFORD - Engineering marvel comes to mind, not legal rulings and political wrangling, when treading carefully through the slippery, dimly lit tunnel 150 feet under Buford Dam Road.
Year after year for 10 years, the principal of East Hall Middle School was forced to tell teachers and students state test scores were not high enough to meet "Adequate Yearly Progress" as defined by the federal No Child Left Behind Act.
The task was arduous. About 3 out of 4 East Hall Middle students are economically disadvantaged. More than 12 percent do not speak English as a first language. And more than 13 percent have special needs, whereas most schools have a roughly 10 percent special needs population.
A female gang leader showed up at Frances Hernandez' house 10 years ago and told her to join SUR-13 or expect regular beatings.
Then, she slapped her.
Before the Gainesville City Council got a chance to hear business owners' responses to a proposal to annex their properties into the Gainesville city limits, the council was threatened with a lawsuit, a legislative veto and the burden of breaking recession-stressed business owners.
Put mildly, a proposal to annex "island" properties at major entrances into the city already has proved contentious.
With the election still nearly 15 months in the future, there is only one certainty about the outcome of the race for Georgia's 9th District congressional seat: It will be a costly race.
Jennifer Rafanan hasn't been covered by health insurance since 2001.
This means no doctor visits, eye exams, dental check-ups or annual women's tests.
The issue has caused some noise statewide, but it went unnoticed on July 13, when Oakwood City gave its final approval.
Tane Shannon felt she had no choice.
When the parent of a rising Johnson High School freshman stood before the Hall County school board last November, she asked if there was anything board members could do to improve the school that some perceive as lackluster.
After a rainy spring, Lake Lanier has filled up, to the delight of businesses and users alike.
But after a steamy, mostly dry June, Gainesville-Hall County is back to a rainfall deficit - although a slight one - and slowly dropping lake levels.
OAKWOOD - Montie Robinson remembers his newly adopted city having a much different look when he began serving as a councilman in 1976.
He recalled a general store named Jimmy's, two beauty salons and the post office.
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Just in time for the Thanksgiving holiday dinner, Fidelity Investments released a survey that makes it clear that when boomer parents and their adult children talk about the older generation's finances, the conversations often go nowhere. Neither the kids nor their parents hear the same message or walk away from the conversations feeling reassured.
The big talk
The study found that 94 percent of adult children and their parents believe it is important to have frank conversations about:
- Whether parents have enough money to live comfortably in retirement.
- How they will afford health care, including long-term care -- and whether an adult child is likely to be called upon to provide direct care if a parent needs it.
- How much money is likely to be left in their parents' estate and how the parents intend to distribute it.
Shock of shocks -- even when these conversations do take place, adult children don't believe they've heard the whole story and aging parents aren't all that eager to set the kids straight.
- About 30 percent of parents say they don't want to provide too many specifics about how much their adult children could inherit because they might count too heavily on getting it.
- Some 22 percent of parents say talking about final arrangements pertaining to their death will upset their adult children, and 9 percent of their children say that their parents would be upset discussing it.
- Fifteen percent of parents say their finances are none of their adult children's business, and 40 percent of the adult children say that as well.
None of this comes anywhere close to adding up to 100 percent because both parents and adult children have a zillion other excuses not to be too candid about money.
The great worriers
So what's the bottom line? For one thing, when parents and adult children don't communicate well, everybody worries -- sometimes unnecessarily.
For instance:
- Nearly one-fourth -- 24 percent -- of adult children believe they will have to help their parents financially, while nearly all -- 97 percent -- of parents surveyed say they will not need help. That's a big disconnect.
- While 49 percent of parents describe themselves as confident about their financial situation in retirement, only 28 percent of adult children think that is their parents' situations.
- Parents see a need for frugality that their children don't perceive, with 38 percent of children thinking their parents' lifestyle is or will be very comfortable in retirement. But only 20 percent of parents describe their situation that way.
- On average, adult children underestimate the amount of money they will inherit from their parents by $100,000.
Finally, the study found that talking honestly and in-depth about these topics feels good. Among parents, 86 percent said sharing this kind of retirement planning information gave them peace of mind. Or as Kathleen Murphy, president of personal investing for Fidelity, says, "The worst conversation is no conversation."
So, after Thanksgiving dinner, open another bottle of wine and give the kids all the details. They'll be grateful.


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Forbes ranked 398 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), including 241 MSAs with less than 150,000 jobs. Rankings were based on employment data over more than a decade, growth trends and "the region's momentum." Forbes cites economic diversity, affordability and quality of life as key to job creation.
Auburn Mayor Bill Ham, Jr. said "This couldn't be a better follow-up to what our citizens told us in the Annual Citizen Survey. We've been working for decades to build a diverse, stable economy and rankings like this are a testament to the success of that approach. In Auburn, Alabama, we're dedicated to creating job opportunities and maintaining our excellent school system and quality of life."
Other recent Forbes rankings include the #6 "Best Small Place for Business and Careers in the U.S." in 2010, "#1 in Projected Job Growth in the U.S." in 2009 and the "6th Fastest Growing Small Metro in the U.S." in 2008.


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Vine –- The new kid on the block. We all like new toys to play with but does this one add value to a brand's marketing efforts? We take a look…
What is Vine?
Vine is a new app launched by Twitter. According to them, it "lets you create and share beautiful, short looping videos" that will play directly in your Twitter or Vine news feed (Vines uploaded to Facebook will play in another window). These videos are limited to six second loops but you can stop and start the recording at will, so you can shoot in tiny sections like a flick book if you wish and videos are shareable if uploaded to a social network.
Can we really create good video content in six seconds?
Urban Outfitters shared a simple video that will appeal to one of their core demographics.
Bacardi UK have been demoing cocktails made with their drink, and inviting further engagement by asking followers what they'd like to see next.
Everyone had the same reservations about Twitter, how could we possibly say what we needed in 140 characters or less? We soon saw that the real beauty of Twitter was exactly that limitation — it forced you to creative and concise.
Brevity is particularly important online as a readers attention span is short. So when it comes to Vine, six seconds is pretty perfect for someone whizzing through their Twitter feed and this means that the right content could be incredibly shareable.
How can brands can use it?
- Behind-the-scenes clips — share a snapshot of a day in the life of your brand or the history behind your brand
- Demo your products in six seconds!
- Show sneak peeks of upcoming products, announcements or new advertisements
- Create a Vine competition where your fans submit the content to Twitter using a specific hashtag
- Let your staff get creative! See what content they can come up with that might be interesting to your fans and customers. Maybe they can answer common questions or share tips?
- Endorsements! Film your happy customers recommending your brand! (With their permission of course) Or ask them to submit Vines to you, for you to share.
If you decide to use Vine as a content creator for your brand, above all, remember that Vine is like any other medium you would use to create content. Make sure your videos are creative, shareable and relevant to your audience, and continue to test what works best for your community. Your content should still be high quality, even if it's in six-second snapshots.
The Rules
- Make your Vine visually exciting and creative
- Ensure the message is on-brand
- Ensure it has a message! Whether that's promoting office culture, or showcasing a new product – it should have value for the both the brand and the viewer
- Include tags/hashtags to make your content searchable
- Share on other social platforms to ensure maximum visibility
Still need some inspiration? Check how other brands are already using it — http://brandsonvine.com/


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The Crap We Missed – Thursday 7.18.13
Welcome to Thursday's The Crap We Missed where we find ourselves at a critical moment here, folks. Jon Hamm's penis hasn't been seen since February, after which AMC went all Nazi and jackbooted his crotch into hiding to the point that he's now visibly in pain from the tranquilizer darts they shoot into it before any red carpet appearances. It's time we take a stand and let AMC know that until they release the Hammbone, we're boycotting them, starting just after the Breaking Bad finale right up until Mad Men starts again. And we'll probably at least check out Low Winter Sun, because Mark Strong is badass, but aside from that you're going to have to beg for us to come bac– Oh shit, The Killing is on there too, that's right…
What's that? What about The Walking Dead? Never heard of it. *global nerd head explosion*
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Photo: Bauer-Griffin, Fame/Flynet, INFdaily, Pacific Coast News, Splash News, WENN